20:
33:
1238:
319:). Consequently, it has been suggested that the current group could be a result of a more recent, rich collisional history among the prograde and retrograde satellites as opposed to the single break-up shortly after the planet formation that has been inferred for the
36:
This diagram illustrates all the irregular satellites of
Jupiter. The Himalia group is bunched together near the top of the diagram. An object's position on the horizontal axis indicates its distance from Jupiter. The vertical axis indicates its
301:. The radius of the parent asteroid was probably about 89 km, only slightly larger than that of Himalia, which retains approximately 87% of the mass of the original body. This indicates the asteroid was not heavily disturbed.
27:
and relative sizes of the largest four members of the
Himalia group. The horizontal axis illustrates their average distance from Jupiter, the vertical axis their orbital inclination, and the circles their relative
311:
on average 1.5 collisions between
Himalia and Elara). In addition, the same simulations have shown fairly high probabilities of collisions between prograde and retrograde satellites (e.g.
45:
is indicated by yellow bars illustrating the object's maximum and minimum distances from
Jupiter. Circles illustrate an object's size in comparison to the others.
285:
between 0.11 and 0.24. All orbit in a prograde direction. In physical appearance, the group is very homogeneous, all satellites displaying neutral colours (
236:
Two additional possible satellites discovered by
Sheppard in 2017 have been identified to be likely part of the Himalia group, but were too faint (
439:
261:
and so on) for the moons in this group to indicate prograde motions of these bodies relative to
Jupiter, their gravitationally central object.
570:
363:
379:
Sheppard, Scott; Williams, Gareth; Tholen, David; Trujillo, Chadwick; Brozovic, Marina; Thirouin, Audrey; et al. (August 2018).
1279:
307:
show a high probability of collisions among the members of the prograde group during the lifespan of the solar system (
454:
246:
563:
297:
homogeneity, it has been suggested that the group could be a remnant of the break-up of an asteroid from the
1274:
1223:
460:
1269:
1242:
556:
294:
445:. In M. Antonietta Barucci; Hermann Boehnhardt; Dale P. Cruikshank; Alessandro Morbidelli (eds.).
1264:
304:
360:
1113:
402:
282:
42:
8:
278:
57:
38:
541:
406:
420:
392:
238:
1192:
1000:
486:
450:
345:
54:
424:
1218:
892:
867:
842:
579:
503:
490:
410:
71:
The known members of the group are (in order of increasing distance from
Jupiter):
24:
1150:
1143:
1118:
960:
921:
847:
778:
722:
674:
657:
650:
612:
607:
367:
349:
312:
290:
175:
19:
1187:
1167:
1104:
1035:
916:
887:
832:
807:
797:
710:
627:
415:
380:
270:
125:
32:
1258:
1172:
1138:
1040:
1015:
990:
985:
909:
897:
857:
717:
643:
298:
160:
1182:
1074:
1054:
1047:
1030:
1020:
965:
872:
827:
788:
760:
727:
617:
602:
498:
494:
324:
190:
1202:
1197:
1177:
1123:
1094:
1059:
1010:
975:
936:
926:
882:
837:
822:
817:
698:
693:
320:
286:
110:
95:
1133:
1128:
1089:
1084:
1069:
1064:
995:
970:
955:
950:
945:
902:
877:
862:
852:
812:
802:
753:
737:
732:
703:
220:
205:
145:
1162:
636:
274:
1025:
980:
548:
397:
353:
An abundant population of small irregular satellites around
Jupiter
316:
1005:
293:. Given the limited dispersion of the orbital parameters and the
61:
1157:
1079:
378:
519:
65:
315:
and
Himalia have a 27% probability of collision within 4.5
273:(distances from Jupiter) in the range of 11.10 and 12.30
484:
589:
Listed in increasing approximate distance from
Jupiter
534:
Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites
249:(IAU) reserves names for moons of Jupiter ending in
68:
to Himalia and are thought to have a common origin.
385:
Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society
242:>24) to be tracked and confirmed as satellites.
437:
381:"New Jupiter Satellites and Moon-Moon Collisions"
1256:
532:David Nesvorný, Cristian Beaugé, and Luke Dones
499:"Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites"
289:B−V = 0.66 and V−R = 0.36) similar to those of
564:
264:
449:. University of Arizona Press. p. 414.
526:
440:"Irregular Satellites of the Giant Planets"
372:
571:
557:
414:
396:
341:
339:
31:
18:
478:
1257:
269:The objects in the Himalia group have
552:
336:
578:
140:largest member and group prototype
13:
14:
1291:
1237:
1236:
247:International Astronomical Union
447:The Solar System Beyond Neptune
438:Antonietta Barucci, M. (2008).
431:
1:
330:
281:between 27.2° and 29.1°, and
203:
143:
536:, The Astronomical Journal,
7:
1280:Moons with a prograde orbit
173:
10:
1296:
1224:Jupiter's moons in fiction
265:Characteristics and origin
123:
23:This diagram compares the
1232:
1211:
1103:
935:
787:
771:
746:
683:
667:
626:
595:
586:
158:
416:10.3847/2515-5172/aadd15
359:(May 2003), pp.261-263
188:
133:(150 × 120)
108:
93:
540:(2004), pp. 1768–1783
305:Numerical integrations
218:
46:
29:
35:
22:
16:Satellites of Jupiter
1275:Irregular satellites
64:that follow similar
58:irregular satellites
407:2018RNAAS...2..155S
487:Holman, Matthew J.
366:2006-08-13 at the
299:main asteroid belt
47:
30:
1252:
1251:
466:on 10 August 2017
346:Scott S. Sheppard
234:
233:
1287:
1270:Moons of Jupiter
1240:
1239:
1219:Rings of Jupiter
580:Moons of Jupiter
573:
566:
559:
550:
549:
544:
530:
524:
523:
517:
516:
482:
476:
475:
473:
471:
465:
459:. Archived from
444:
435:
429:
428:
418:
400:
376:
370:
343:
291:C-type asteroids
134:
74:
73:
25:orbital elements
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1228:
1207:
1099:
931:
783:
767:
747:Carpo group (2)
742:
679:
663:
622:
591:
582:
577:
547:
531:
527:
514:
512:
483:
479:
469:
467:
463:
457:
442:
436:
432:
377:
373:
368:Wayback Machine
350:David C. Jewitt
344:
337:
333:
271:semi-major axes
267:
132:
131:
86:
81:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1293:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1105:Pasiphae group
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
942:
940:
933:
932:
930:
929:
924:
919:
914:
905:
900:
895:
890:
888:Jupiter LXVIII
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
794:
792:
785:
784:
782:
781:
775:
773:
769:
768:
766:
765:
756:
750:
748:
744:
743:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
706:
701:
696:
690:
688:
681:
680:
678:
677:
671:
669:
665:
664:
662:
661:
654:
647:
640:
632:
630:
628:Galilean moons
624:
623:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
599:
597:
593:
592:
587:
584:
583:
576:
575:
568:
561:
553:
546:
545:
525:
497:(2003-01-02).
491:Gladman, Brett
477:
455:
430:
371:
334:
332:
329:
287:colour indices
283:eccentricities
266:
263:
232:
231:
229:
226:
223:
217:
216:
214:
211:
208:
202:
201:
199:
196:
193:
187:
186:
184:
181:
178:
172:
171:
169:
166:
163:
157:
156:
154:
151:
148:
142:
141:
138:
135:
128:
122:
121:
119:
116:
113:
107:
106:
104:
101:
98:
92:
91:
88:
83:
78:
53:is a group of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1292:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:Himalia group
1263:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:Jupiter LXVII
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:Philophrosyne
1112:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1041:Jupiter LXXII
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:Jupiter LXIII
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
941:
938:
934:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
912:
911:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
790:
786:
780:
777:
776:
774:
770:
764:
763:
762:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
745:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
713:
712:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
689:
686:
685:Himalia group
682:
676:
673:
672:
670:
666:
660:
659:
655:
653:
652:
648:
646:
645:
641:
639:
638:
634:
633:
631:
629:
625:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
581:
574:
569:
567:
562:
560:
555:
554:
551:
543:
539:
535:
529:
521:
510:
506:
505:
500:
496:
495:Aksnes, Kaare
492:
488:
485:Grav, Tommy;
481:
462:
458:
456:9780816527557
452:
448:
441:
434:
426:
422:
417:
412:
408:
404:
399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
351:
347:
342:
340:
335:
328:
326:
325:Ananke groups
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
240:
230:
227:
224:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
207:
204:
200:
197:
194:
192:
189:
185:
182:
179:
177:
174:
170:
167:
164:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
147:
144:
139:
136:
129:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
97:
94:
89:
84:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
51:Himalia group
44:
40:
34:
26:
21:
1241:
1149:
1148:
1075:Jupiter LXVI
1046:
1045:
966:Jupiter LXIX
908:
907:
873:Jupiter LXIV
789:Ananke group
759:
758:
709:
708:
684:
656:
649:
642:
635:
588:
537:
533:
528:
518:– via
513:. Retrieved
508:
502:
480:
468:. Retrieved
461:the original
446:
433:
388:
384:
374:
356:
352:
308:
303:
279:inclinations
268:
258:
254:
250:
244:
237:
235:
70:
50:
48:
43:Eccentricity
1198:S/2003 J 23
1178:Jupiter LIX
1124:Jupiter LVI
1095:S/2003 J 10
1060:Jupiter LXI
976:S/2003 J 24
937:Carme group
927:Jupiter LXX
883:S/2003 J 12
838:S/2003 J 16
823:Jupiter LIV
818:Jupiter LII
596:Inner moons
39:inclination
1259:Categories
1193:Callirrhoe
1134:S/2016 J 4
1129:S/2003 J 4
1090:S/2021 J 5
1085:S/2018 J 3
1070:S/2003 J 9
1065:Jupiter LI
1001:Kallichore
996:S/2021 J 4
971:S/2021 J 6
956:S/2016 J 3
951:S/2022 J 2
946:S/2022 J 1
903:S/2003 J 2
878:S/2021 J 1
863:S/2021 J 2
853:S/2022 J 3
813:S/2021 J 3
803:Jupiter LV
754:S/2018 J 4
733:S/2011 J 3
704:S/2018 J 2
515:2024-01-09
398:1809.00700
391:(3): 155.
355:, Nature,
331:References
206:S/2011 J 3
146:S/2018 J 2
1163:Megaclite
893:Thelxinoe
868:Praxidike
843:Harpalyke
317:gigayears
1243:Category
1212:See also
1151:Pasiphae
1144:Hegemone
1119:Eurydome
1026:Eukelade
981:Chaldene
961:Pasithee
922:Hermippe
848:Orthosie
779:Valetudo
772:Valetudo
723:Lysithea
675:Themisto
668:Themisto
658:Callisto
651:Ganymede
613:Amalthea
608:Adrastea
425:55052745
364:Archived
313:Pasiphae
295:spectral
257:, Himali
176:Lysithea
80:Diameter
55:prograde
1188:Autonoe
1168:Cyllene
1036:Taygete
1006:Erinome
917:Iocaste
833:Euanthe
808:Eupheme
798:Euporie
711:Himalia
511:: 33–45
470:22 July
403:Bibcode
126:Himalia
62:Jupiter
1173:Sinope
1158:Sponde
1080:Kalyke
1016:Eirene
991:Isonoe
910:Ananke
898:Thyone
858:Helike
718:Pandia
644:Europa
542:(pdf).
504:Icarus
453:
427:. 155.
423:
228:278.21
213:261.77
198:259.64
183:259.20
168:251.91
161:Pandia
153:250.88
137:250.56
118:249.23
103:240.93
90:Notes
87:(days)
85:Period
66:orbits
28:sizes.
1183:Aoede
1055:Herse
1048:Carme
1031:Arche
1021:Aitne
828:Mneme
761:Carpo
728:Elara
618:Thebe
603:Metis
520:ArXiv
464:(PDF)
443:(PDF)
421:S2CID
393:arXiv
361:(pdf)
321:Carme
191:Elara
130:139.6
1203:Kore
1107:(18)
1011:Kale
939:(30)
791:(26)
699:Ersa
694:Leda
472:2017
451:ISBN
323:and
309:e.g.
253:(Led
245:The
195:79.9
180:42.2
111:Ersa
100:21.5
96:Leda
82:(km)
77:Name
49:The
738:Dia
687:(9)
538:127
509:166
411:doi
357:423
239:mag
221:Dia
60:of
1261::
637:Io
507:.
501:.
493:;
489:;
419:.
409:.
401:.
387:.
383:.
348:,
338:^
327:.
277:,
275:Gm
251:-a
41:.
572:e
565:t
558:v
522:.
474:.
413::
405::
395::
389:2
259:a
255:a
225:4
210:3
165:3
150:3
115:3
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