279:
763:
Ministers, to be able to tell the public that the freedom for which the
Congress has started the movement, already belongs to the representatives of the people. In some spheres, it might be limited during the emergency. Indians have to trust the British, not for the sake for Britain, not for any advantage that the British might gain, but for the maintenance of the defence and freedom of the province itself. You, as Governor, will function as the constitutional head of the province and will be guided entirely on the advice of your Minister.
668:, decimating the Hindu Mahasabha. However, in 1939, the Congress ministries resigned in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people. This led to the Hindu Mahasabha joining hands with the Muslim League and other parties to form governments, in certain provinces. Such coalition governments were formed in Sindh, NWFP, and Bengal.
293:
1726:
1624:
1311:
1279:
1154:
1091:
1059:
1027:
38:
1659:
1529:
1498:
1467:
1436:
1405:
1374:
1343:
1248:
1217:
1186:
1123:
618:. In the aftermath, it was part of the all-party committee, which came out with the Nehru Report. However, it did not accept the Report as according to Mahasabha, it gave too many concessions to Muslims. Similarly, when Mahatma Gandhi observed a fast against the Communal Award, Mahasabha worked with Gandhi and other parties to ensure
749:
Let me now refer to the situation that may be created in the province as a result of any widespread movement launched by the
Congress. Anybody, who during the war, plans to stir up mass feeling, resulting in internal disturbances or insecurity, must be resisted by any Government that may function for
533:
A formal move to establish an umbrella All-India Hindu Sabha was made at the
Allahabad session of Congress in 1910. A committee headed by Lala Baij Nath was set up to draw a constitution, but it did not make much progress. Another conference of Hindu leaders in Allahabad also took the initial step to
775:
Syama Prasad ended the letter with a discussion of the mass movement organised by the
Congress. He expressed the apprehension that the movement would create internal disorder and will endanger internal security during the war by exciting popular feeling and he opined that any government in power has
687:
In March 1943, Sindh
Government became the first Provincial Assembly of the sub-continent to pass an official resolution in favour of the creation of Pakistan. Despite the Hindu Mahasabha's avowed public opposition to any territorial division of India, the Mahasabha Ministers of the Sindh government
509:
In 1909, Lal Chand and U.N. Mukerji established the Punjab Hindu Sabha ("Punjab Hindu
Assembly"). The Sabha stated that it was not a sectarian organisation, but an "all-embracing movement" that aimed to safeguard the interests of "the entire Hindu community". On 21–22 October 1909, it organised the
957:
to restrict their growing population in India, which she considered a threat to Hindus. She declared: "The population of
Muslims and Christians is growing day by day. To rein in this, Union will have to impose emergency, and Muslims and Christians will have to be forced to undergo sterilization so
762:
The question is how to combat this movement (Quit India) in Bengal? The administration of the province should be carried on in such a manner that in spite of the best efforts of the
Congress, this movement will fail to take root in the province. It should be possible for us, especially responsible
965:
government to give legal and administrative protection to the Hindus who attack churches. He justified his claim by saying that churches were only conversion factories. Shukla also promised the
Mahasabha would give protection and awards to those who marry Muslim girls and attack churches. He also
819:
were identified as prominent members of the Hindu
Mahasabha. Along with them, police arrested Savarkar, who was suspected of being the mastermind behind the plot. While the trial resulted in convictions and judgments against the others, Savarkar was released due to lack of evidence. The Kapur
514:
for failing to defend Hindu interests and called for the promotion of Hindu-centered politics. In this conference, Sabha leaders strongly proposed that Hindus need a separate nation and that Muslims should not be given any rights in that nation. The Sabha organised five more annual provincial
479:, the division of the province of Bengal was into two new provinces of East Bengal and Assam, as well as Bengal. The new province of Bengal had a Hindu majority, the province of East Bengal and Assam was mostly Muslim. The British administration justified the division for religious reasons.
343:
601:
who chaired the special Congress session of 1920 held at Lahore which gave the call for non-cooperation. Under Malaviya, the Mahasabha campaigned for Hindu political unity, for the education and economic development of Hindus as well as for the conversion of Muslims to Hinduism.
573:
on the model of the Indian National Congress. Presided over by Manindra Chandra Nandi, it amended its constitution to remove the clause about loyalty to the British and added a clause committing the organisation to a "united and self-governing" Indian nation.
730:", in which he instructed Hindu Sabhaites who happened to be "members of municipalities, local bodies, legislatures or those serving in the army...to stick to their posts" across the country, and not to join the Quit India Movement at any cost.
2265:
3162:
534:
establish an All India Hindu Sabha in 1910, but this organisation did not become operational due to factional strife. On 8 December 1913, the Punjab Hindu Sabha passed a resolution to create an All India Hindu Sabha at its
3192:
354:(seated fourth from right, second row) came to address the State-level Hindu Mahasabha conference. The late Bhoopalam Chandrashekariah, president of the Hindu Mahasabha State unit, is seated to Savarkar's left.
3137:
2257:
522:
was a precursor for the formation of the All India Hindu Sabha. Over the next few years, several such Hindu Sabhas were established outside Punjab, including in United Provinces, Bihar, Bengal,
2910:
745:), wrote a letter to the British Government as to how they should respond, if the Congress gave a call to the British rulers to Quit India. In this letter, dated July 26, 1942, he wrote:
3035:
2948:
683:
Witness the fact that only recently in Sind, the Sind-Hindu-Sabha on invitation had taken the responsibility of joining hands with the League itself in running coalition government...
3170:
961:
In April 2015, the general secretary of the Hindu Mahasabha Munna Kumar Shukla claimed that it is not illegal to attack a church and it does not violate any law. He requested the
614:
against British rule in India. However, it became part of the movement on its conditions and with regards to protecting the interests of the Hindus. For example, it boycotted the
3066:
776:
to suppress it, but that according to him could not be done only by persecution... In that letter, he mentioned item-wise the steps to be taken for dealing with the situation...
3005:
3231:
2210:
2971:
754:
Mookerjee in this letter reiterated that the Fazlul Haq led Bengal Government, along with its alliance partner Hindu Mahasabha would make every possible effort to defeat the
562:
were also present at the conference and were supportive of the formation of All India Hindu Sabha. The Sabha emphasized Hindu solidarity and the need for social reform.
4255:
3184:
3129:
2587:
Asian Societies in Comparative Perspective: Papers Presented at the 7th Annual Conference of the Nordic Association for Southeast Asian Studies, Møn, Denmark, 1990
857:) for release on the death anniversary of Gandhi on 30 January 2015. There were attempts to build a temple for Nathuram Godse and to celebrate 30 January as a
877:, Mysuru, along with comments about killing Mahatma Gandhi. For these threats, he and two other associates, Rajesh Pavitran and Prem Poolali, were arrested.
4375:
4788:
594:
4126:
2869:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1643:
1608:
2894:
476:
4974:
4300:
3088:
3027:
915:
was very critical of the Indian caste system and untouchability, and among the social institutions, he saw it as the greatest curse of India.
3687:
3657:
3609:
3579:
3549:
3519:
3411:
3381:
3351:
3321:
3291:
3261:
3471:
3441:
2932:
4683:
4583:
1905:
1874:
1843:
1812:
1802:
1771:
4954:
4823:
4538:
1949:
869:
In September 2021, the state general secretary for Hindu Mahasabha in Karnataka, Dharmendra, threatened to kill Karnataka Chief Minister
4919:
2242:
3058:
4051:
2997:
885:
Although the Hindu Mahasabha did not call for the exclusion of other religious communities from government, it identified India as a
3215:
2217:
4793:
4643:
4390:
4380:
4195:
845:'s rise to power, the Hindu Mahasabha continued attempts to rehabilitate and portray him as a patriot. It requested Prime Minister
558:(All India) Hindu Sabha was formed as an umbrella organisation of regional Hindu Sabhas, at the Kumbh Mela in Haridwar. Gandhi and
4969:
4290:
4275:
3717:
3821:
3795:
3769:
3743:
4939:
4934:
4728:
4205:
4119:
4914:
4678:
4485:
4475:
4420:
4295:
4040:
3991:
2840:
2798:
2756:
2712:
2649:
2622:
2595:
2569:
2542:
2482:
2328:
2301:
220:
2846:
2488:
4989:
4984:
4944:
4783:
4994:
4979:
4465:
235:
4853:
4798:
4513:
4174:
4164:
4135:
4079:
3952:
3869:
1939:
326:
4843:
4813:
4470:
4220:
4112:
2685:
4929:
4858:
4818:
4808:
4260:
665:
4924:
4733:
4648:
4340:
1008:
786:
427:
824:
All these facts taken together were destructive of any theory other than the conspiracy to murder (of Gandhiji).
4828:
4653:
4518:
4480:
4385:
4350:
2278:
Other parties were happier with what they got – the Hindu Mahasabha had a suitably aggressive horse and rider..
967:
538:
session. The Conference proposed holding a general conference of Hindu leaders from all over India during 1915
2290:
McDermott, Rachel Fell; Gordon, Leonard A.; Embree, Ainslie T.; Pritchett, Frances W.; Dalton, Dennis (2014).
4873:
4703:
4548:
4528:
4400:
3163:"Hindu Mahasabha leader calls for forced sterilisation of Muslims, Christians to restrict growing population"
695:
of the Muslim League to form a government in 1943. The Mahasabha member of the cabinet was Finance Minister
438:, the Mahasabha's fortunes diminished in post-Independence Indian politics, and it was soon eclipsed by the
4638:
4215:
1541:
1510:
1479:
1448:
1417:
1386:
1355:
1324:
1292:
1260:
1229:
1198:
1167:
1135:
1104:
1072:
1040:
962:
611:
178:
111:
4738:
4588:
4325:
4012:
1954:
726:, the president of the Hindu Mahasabha at that time, even went to the extent of writing a letter titled "
676:
523:
415:("Hinduness") and became a fierce opponent of the western, secular nationalism espoused by the Congress.
4959:
4523:
4495:
4410:
4370:
4345:
4285:
4245:
3898:
900:
518:
The development of the broad civic framework for Hindu unity that started in the early 20th century in
472:
577:
Amongst the Mahasabha's early leaders were the prominent nationalists, educationalists and four-time
4753:
4663:
4628:
4598:
4558:
4415:
4405:
4265:
737:, leader of the Hindu Mahasabha in Bengal (which was a part of the ruling coalition in Bengal led by
652:. The Mahasabha officially abstained from participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930.
4949:
4848:
4698:
4450:
4250:
4169:
928:
912:
723:
661:
586:
578:
511:
495:
408:
404:
351:
94:
3679:
3649:
3631:
3601:
3571:
3541:
3511:
3403:
3373:
3343:
3313:
3283:
3253:
4888:
4883:
4693:
4568:
4490:
4445:
4280:
4210:
3493:
3463:
3433:
483:
423:
861:("Bravery Day"). A civil suit was filed in Pune Court asking for a ban on the documentary film.
4893:
4878:
4863:
4838:
4778:
4633:
4618:
4603:
4563:
4365:
4330:
4235:
4200:
4159:
3879:
Gordon, Richard (2008) . "The Hindu Mahasabha and the Indian National Congress, 1915 to 1926".
2677:
1944:
842:
734:
710:
in December 1941. Savarkar appreciated the successful functioning of the coalition government.
692:
2702:
2639:
2585:
2532:
2318:
2291:
4758:
4748:
4713:
4613:
4578:
4543:
2788:
2746:
2612:
2559:
904:
519:
132:
554:(13 February 1915), Lucknow (17 February 1915) and Delhi (27 February 1915). In April 1915,
4773:
4658:
4395:
4320:
4310:
4008:
3938:
3881:
954:
582:
471:
Local forerunners of the Hindu Mahasabha emerged in connection with the disputes after the
439:
136:
48:
8:
4723:
4688:
4553:
4533:
4430:
4360:
4355:
4335:
4315:
4225:
4154:
3817:
3791:
3765:
3739:
755:
738:
719:
703:
539:
422:, the Mahasabha supported the British war effort and briefly entered coalitions with the
389:
278:
153:
140:
128:
2114:
Misra, Amalendu (1999). "Savarkar and the Discourse on Islam in Pre-Independent India".
945:
In 2015, Vice President of All India Hindu Mahasabha, VP Sadhvi Deva Thakur stated that
4608:
4573:
4455:
4230:
3926:
3918:
2670:
2258:"Congress: History of election symbols: How they still help to connect with the masses"
649:
559:
331:
157:
147:
3709:
733:
Following the Hindu Mahasabha's official decision to boycott the Quit India movement,
4964:
4868:
4833:
4763:
4460:
4270:
4075:
4036:
3987:
3948:
3930:
3910:
3865:
3223:
2972:"Controversy erupts over depiction of Mahatma Gandhi as demon in Kolkata puja pandal"
2940:
2902:
2836:
2794:
2752:
2708:
2681:
2645:
2618:
2591:
2565:
2538:
2478:
2324:
2297:
2236:
696:
527:
378:
321:
120:
3983:
4708:
3979:
3902:
3849:
Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915-1930: Constructing Nation and History
3130:"Muslims, Christians should be forcibly sterilisation, says Hindu Mahasabha leader"
870:
837:
to be a "real forgotten hero" of the independence struggle of India and criticises
615:
171:
124:
392:, the Mahasabha functioned mainly as a pressure group advocating the interests of
4673:
4668:
4593:
4440:
4425:
4305:
4240:
4149:
3975:
3963:
3942:
3847:
2830:
2472:
2195:
590:
3110:
2871:
Report of Commission of Inquiry into Conspiracy to Murder Mahatma Gandhi (1969)
1546:
1515:
1484:
1453:
1422:
1391:
1360:
1329:
1297:
908:
854:
838:
834:
816:
812:
800:
792:
691:
In the North West Frontier Province, Hindu Mahasabha members joined hands with
642:
502:
leaders coming together to create an organisation to protect the rights of the
435:
431:
3906:
4908:
4623:
4104:
3914:
3894:
3857:
3227:
2944:
2906:
1959:
1601:
1265:
1234:
1203:
1172:
1140:
1109:
1077:
1045:
1013:
933:
887:
846:
768:
487:
393:
4803:
4743:
2665:
808:
646:
629:
which recruited for the British Indian armed forces to help the British in
419:
3089:""We Didn't Spare Gandhi": Hindu Leader Arrested Over Threat In Karnataka"
688:
did not resign, rather they simply "contented themselves with a protest".
804:
630:
400:
205:
2038:
Secularism, Decolonisation, and the Cold War in South and Southeast Asia
841:
for not having prevented the partition of India. In 2014, following the
454:("Pan-Country Hindu Assembly"). In 1921, it changed to the present name
4768:
4190:
4052:"Hindu Mahasabha head speaks to FP: Godse was a 'martyr' and 'patriot'"
2998:"Hindu Mahasabha head speaks to FP: Godse was a 'martyr' and 'patriot'"
946:
892:
758:
in the province of Bengal and made a concrete proposal as regards this:
742:
707:
619:
407:. In the 1930s, it emerged as a distinct party under the leadership of
3922:
4718:
4435:
3971:
3890:
3861:
1764:
874:
849:
to install the bust of Nathuram Godse. It created a documentary film
190:
104:
2293:
Sources of Indian Traditions: Modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
2165:
Men, Masculinities and Religious Change in Twentieth-Century Britain
598:
927:, a Hindu nationalist ideology developed by its pre-eminent leader
924:
896:
622:
was signed and Depressed Classes were given a fair representation.
551:
412:
116:
2193:
Luce, Henry Robinson (17 October 1949). "INDIA: Anchor for Asia".
2042:
The Hindu Mahasabha, a far-right Hindu nationalist political party
342:
292:
2786:
2744:
2610:
950:
347:
4070:
Mukherjee, Aditya; Mukherjee, Mridula; Mahajan, Sucheta (2008).
3853:
911:, and used to organize all caste dinners in Nagpur and Kanpur.
550:
Preparatory sessions of the All India Hindu Sabha were held at
535:
503:
491:
396:
2289:
796:
672:
499:
382:
3185:"Bishops seek end to provocative remarks against Christians"
37:
2474:
Divine Enterprise: Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement
2641:
Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism: A Study of RSS
2534:
Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism: A Study of RSS
426:
in provincial and central legislative councils. After the
4069:
655:
510:
Punjab Provincial Hindu Conference, which criticised the
249:
Number of states and union territories in government
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
610:
The Hindu Mahasabha did not unconditionally support the
3966:; Sherma, Rita D.; Jain, Pankai; Khanna, Madhu (eds.).
2895:"Hindu Mahasabha launches a website for Nathuram Godse"
2672:
The jan Sangh: A biography of an Indian Political Party
2407:
306:
4256:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
4097:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2561:
A Time of Transition: Rajiv Gandhi to the 21st Century
1562:
828:
625:
Hindu Mahasabha under Savarkar's leadership organized
2874:. South Asia Citizens Web (www.sacw.net). p. 303
2454:
2452:
2388:
2354:
2352:
2337:
679:'s Muslim League government. In Savarkar's own words:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
966:
said that the Taj Mahal would meet the same fate as
718:
The Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call for the
4789:
Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)
3124:
3122:
2721:
2517:. Maharashtra Prantik Hindusabha. pp. 479–480.
2283:
1759:Hindu Mahasabha contested but didn't win any seats
1705:Hindu Mahasabha contested but didn't win any seats
645:, the Congress led several nationwide campaigns of
4072:RSS, School Texts and the Murder of Mahatma Gandhi
2669:
2557:
2449:
2419:
2376:
2349:
795:shot Mahatma Gandhi three times and killed him in
780:
2364:
2014:
1989:
978:
4906:
4869:Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance
4376:Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar
3962:Jha, Mithilesh K. (2018). "Hindu Mahasabha". In
3119:
2933:"Hindu Mahasabha pays tribute to Nathuram Godse"
2310:
982:
891:("Hindu Nation") and believed in the primacy of
2970:Chattopadhyay, Suhrid Sankar (3 October 2022).
2508:
2506:
923:The Hindu Mahasabha promotes the principles of
873:over the demolition of an unlicensed temple in
605:
4134:
3710:"Party-wise list of members of 17th Lok Sabha"
3680:"Party-wise list of members of 16th Lok Sabha"
3650:"Party-wise list of members of 15th Lok Sabha"
3632:"Party-wise list of members of 14th Lok Sabha"
3602:"Party-wise list of members of 13th Lok Sabha"
3572:"Party-wise list of members of 12th Lok Sabha"
3542:"Party-wise list of members of 11th Lok Sabha"
3512:"Party-wise list of members of 10th Lok Sabha"
2199:. Vol. 54. Time Incorporated. p. 33.
636:
4120:
4098:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha official website
3494:"Party-wise list of members of 9th Lok Sabha"
3464:"Party-wise list of members of 8th Lok Sabha"
3434:"Party-wise list of members of 7th Lok Sabha"
3404:"Party-wise list of members of 6th Lok Sabha"
3374:"Party-wise list of members of 5th Lok Sabha"
3344:"Party-wise list of members of 4th Lok Sabha"
3314:"Party-wise list of members of 3rd Lok Sabha"
3284:"Party-wise list of members of 2nd Lok Sabha"
3254:"Party-wise list of members of 1st Lok Sabha"
2969:
2765:
2637:
2530:
2255:
4684:Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement
4584:Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
3104:
3102:
3059:"Pune court to hear suit against Godse film"
2807:
2700:
2676:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p.
2503:
2316:
2296:. Columbia University Press. pp. 439–.
1567:
4824:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
4539:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
4301:Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
2477:. University of Chicago Press. p. 72.
2177:
1950:List of Hindu nationalist political parties
362:
4127:
4113:
3216:"Church attacks not illegal: Hindu outfit"
3157:
3155:
2787:Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2000).
2745:Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2000).
2707:. Pearson Education India. pp. 349–.
2658:
2611:Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2000).
2147:
2132:
291:
36:
16:Hindu nationalist political party in India
4007:
3937:
3099:
2989:
2867:
2828:
2790:The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour
2748:The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour
2614:The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour
2551:
2526:
2524:
2413:
2182:. Columbia University Press. p. 159.
2083:
2031:
2029:
958:that they can't increase their numbers".
903:. The Hindu Mahasabha was opposed to the
475:in British India. Under the then viceroy
4794:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
4381:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
4196:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4031:Jha, Krishna; Jha, Dhirendra K. (2012).
3028:"Hindu Mahasabha announces Godse temple"
2813:
2780:
2738:
2604:
2512:
940:
864:
565:At its sixth session in April 1921, the
341:
3191:. Press Trust of India. 24 April 2015.
3152:
2818:. Oxford University Press. p. 179.
2776:. Oxford University Press. p. 179.
2053:
450:The organisation was originally called
4907:
4729:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4441:Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
4206:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
4030:
3944:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
3878:
2771:
2694:
2664:
2631:
2521:
2470:
2249:
2241:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2086:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
2068:
2026:
713:
706:led Progressive Coalition ministry of
702:In Bengal, Hindu Mahasabha joined the
656:Alliance with Muslim League and others
4975:Political parties established in 1915
4679:Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party
4644:Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
4486:Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party
4296:Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
4108:
4049:
3720:from the original on 17 November 2020
3140:from the original on 14 November 2017
3008:from the original on 21 December 2014
2995:
2951:from the original on 11 November 2022
2913:from the original on 11 November 2022
2564:. Penguin Books India. pp. 75–.
2558:Mani Shankar Aiyar (1 January 2009).
2491:from the original on 15 February 2017
2162:
2113:
1976:
1974:
4784:Republican Party of India (Athawale)
4689:Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai)
4291:Indigenous People's Front of Tripura
4276:Hill State People's Democratic Party
4050:Ghose, Debobrat (21 December 2014).
3970:. Encyclopedia of Indian Religions.
3845:
3824:from the original on 27 October 2021
3798:from the original on 22 October 2019
3690:from the original on 26 October 2020
3660:from the original on 31 October 2020
3612:from the original on 6 December 2020
3582:from the original on 22 October 2020
3552:from the original on 31 October 2020
3522:from the original on 6 November 2020
3474:from the original on 7 November 2020
3444:from the original on 5 November 2020
3414:from the original on 6 December 2020
3384:from the original on 7 November 2020
3324:from the original on 31 October 2020
3264:from the original on 31 October 2020
3234:from the original on 17 October 2021
3108:
3038:from the original on 1 December 2017
2996:Ghose, Debobrat (21 December 2014).
2849:from the original on 30 January 2024
2732:
2458:
2425:
2401:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2343:
2268:from the original on 18 October 2021
2192:
2098:
2020:
973:
931:. The Mahasabha identifies India as
799:. Godse and his fellow conspirators
458:("All-India Hindu Grand Assembly").
3961:
3354:from the original on 1 October 2020
3294:from the original on 1 October 2020
3213:
3056:
2892:
2590:. NIAS Press. 1991. pp. 800–.
2320:A Survey of Hinduism: First Edition
2035:
2008:
1980:
1563:Electoral history in State Election
829:Attempts at rehabilitation of Godse
13:
4955:Hindu organisations based in India
4854:Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
4799:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
4514:Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi
4165:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4001:
3772:from the original on 12 April 2023
3195:from the original on 23 April 2022
3069:from the original on 18 March 2020
2893:Ali, Mohammad (15 November 2015).
2513:Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar (1963).
2256:Vikram Doctor (18 November 2013).
1971:
1940:List of political parties in India
490:government's creation of separate
14:
5006:
4920:Anti-Christian sentiment in India
4844:Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)
4221:All India United Democratic Front
4089:
3746:from the original on 2 March 2020
2814:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1978).
675:, Hindu Mahasabha members joined
4859:Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi
4819:Social Democratic Party of India
4809:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)
4261:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
2793:. LeftWord Books. pp. 57–.
2751:. LeftWord Books. pp. 56–.
2617:. LeftWord Books. pp. 59–.
2515:Collected Works of V.d. Savarkar
1725:
1724:
1657:
1623:
1622:
1527:
1496:
1465:
1434:
1403:
1372:
1341:
1310:
1309:
1278:
1277:
1246:
1215:
1184:
1153:
1152:
1121:
1090:
1089:
1058:
1057:
1026:
1025:
666:1937 Indian provincial elections
545:
277:
4734:Marxist Co-ordination Committee
4649:Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party
4341:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
4326:Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J)
3984:10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_490-1
3810:
3784:
3758:
3732:
3702:
3672:
3642:
3624:
3594:
3564:
3534:
3504:
3486:
3456:
3426:
3396:
3366:
3336:
3306:
3276:
3246:
3214:Ali, Mohammad (22 April 2015).
3207:
3177:
3081:
3050:
3020:
2963:
2925:
2886:
2861:
2822:
2578:
2464:
2440:
2431:
2317:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (1989).
2203:
2186:
2171:
2156:
2152:. Lexington Books. p. 125.
2141:
2126:
2058:. Allyn and Bacon. p. 601.
787:Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
781:Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
456:Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
411:, who developed the concept of
168:
4970:Indian Hindu political parties
4829:Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
4814:Sikkim National People's Party
4654:Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
4519:All India Rajakulathor Peravai
4481:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
4471:United People's Party, Liberal
4351:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
2835:. Roli Books Private Limited.
2644:. Media House. pp. 313–.
2537:. Media House. pp. 213–.
2133:Chatterjee, Nirmal C. (1959).
2107:
2092:
2084:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2010).
2077:
2062:
2047:
1658:
1528:
1497:
1466:
1435:
1404:
1373:
1342:
1247:
1216:
1185:
1122:
979:Electoral history in Lok Sabha
833:The Hindu Mahasabha considers
466:
434:by a Hindu Mahasabha activist
372:All-India Hindu Grand Assembly
1:
4940:Conservative parties in India
4935:Anti-Islam sentiment in India
4874:United Goans Democratic Party
4704:Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
4549:Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
4529:Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam
4421:Revolutionary Socialist Party
4401:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
3968:Hinduism and Tribal Religions
2323:. SUNY Press. pp. 403–.
1965:
722:and boycotted it officially.
664:won a massive victory in the
569:formally changed its name to
4915:1915 establishments in India
4639:Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party
4216:All India Trinamool Congress
2054:Bingham, Woodbridge (1974).
771:noted this fact and states:
612:Indian independence movement
606:Indian independence movement
571:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
359:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
60:; 109 years ago
29:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
7:
4990:Right-wing populist parties
4985:Right-wing populism in Asia
4945:Far-right politics in India
4739:National Secular Conference
4589:Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi
4386:People's Party of Arunachal
3115:. Popular Prakashan Bombay.
2868:J.L Kapur (February 2012).
2829:Malgonkar, Manohar (2008).
2772:Mookherjee, Shyama Prasad.
2437:autobiography of Lajpat Rai
2148:Tamadonfar, Mehran (2013).
2088:. Primus Books. p. 63.
1985:. G.P. Putnam. p. 196.
1955:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
1933:
918:
907:and policies that endorsed
880:
677:Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
637:Civil disobedience movement
627:Hindu Militarization Boards
524:Central Provinces and Berar
498:of 1909 was a catalyst for
473:partition of Bengal in 1905
75:; 91 years ago
10:
5011:
4995:Political parties in India
4980:Right-wing parties in Asia
4524:Ambedkarite Party of India
4411:Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
4371:Nationalist Congress Party
4346:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
4286:Indian Union Muslim League
4136:Political parties in India
3899:Cambridge University Press
3839:
2178:Kumaraswamy, P.R. (2010).
2137:. Vedic Press. p. 12.
2073:. Klett-Cotta. p. 66.
970:as it was a Shiva Temple.
784:
767:Even the Indian historian
461:
221:State Legislative Assembly
4754:Puratchi Bharatham Katchi
4664:Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
4629:Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi
4599:Gondwana Ganatantra Party
4559:Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
4504:
4476:Voice of the People Party
4416:Revolutionary Goans Party
4406:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
4391:People's Democratic Front
4266:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4183:
4142:
3907:10.1017/S0026749X00004960
2832:The Men Who Killed Gandhi
2103:. Routledge. p. 316.
1806:
1763:
1742:
1676:
1600:
1568:Assembly election history
851:Desh Bhakt Nathuram Godse
317:
304:
299:
290:
285:
276:
271:
248:
236:State Legislative Council
233:
218:
203:
188:
177:
164:
146:
110:
100:
90:
54:
44:
35:
26:
4849:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
4699:Kerala Congress (Thomas)
4451:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha
4251:Communist Party of India
4170:Indian National Congress
3109:Keer, Dhananjay (1950).
3057:PTI (25 December 2014).
2939:. PTI. 31 January 2022.
2816:History of Modern Bengal
2167:. Springer. p. 152.
2116:Journal of Asian History
2101:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
929:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
724:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
662:Indian National Congress
641:Under the leadership of
593:and Lajpat Rai's mentor
587:Benaras Hindu University
579:Indian National Congress
512:Indian National Congress
409:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
405:Indian National Congress
352:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
95:Indian National Congress
4930:Anti-communism in India
4889:Vikassheel Insaan Party
4884:Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
4694:Kerala Congress (Jacob)
4569:Communist Marxist Party
4496:Zoram People's Movement
4491:Zoram Nationalist Party
4466:United Democratic Party
4446:Sikkim Democratic Front
4281:Indian National Lok Dal
4246:Bodoland People's Front
4211:All India N.R. Congress
4175:National People's Party
4035:. HarperCollins India.
4033:Ayodhya: The Dark Night
3189:Business Standard India
589:, the Punjabi populist
567:Sarvadeshak Hindu Sabha
515:conferences in Punjab.
484:All India Muslim League
452:Sarvadeshik Hindu Sabha
445:
346:A group photo taken in
184:Registered Unrecognised
148:Political position
4925:Anti-communist parties
4894:Welfare Party of India
4879:Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
4864:Telangana Jana Samithi
4839:Swatantra Bharat Paksh
4779:Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
4634:Indian National League
4619:Hindustani Awam Morcha
4604:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
4564:Bharatiya Tribal Party
4331:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
4236:Bharat Rashtra Samithi
4201:All India Forward Bloc
4160:Bharatiya Janata Party
2976:frontline.thehindu.com
2704:Modern India 1886-1947
2638:Shamsul Islam (2006).
2531:Shamsul Islam (2006).
2135:Hindu Mahasabha Tracts
2071:India in Axis strategy
2069:Hauner, Milan (1981).
1945:Bharatiya Janata Party
843:Bharatiya Janata Party
778:
765:
752:
735:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
693:Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan
685:
540:Kumbh Mela in Haridwar
355:
21:Indian political party
4759:Puthiya Needhi Katchi
4749:Pattali Makkal Katchi
4714:Loktantrik Janata Dal
4614:Hindustan Janta Party
4579:Democratic Azad Party
4009:Jaffrelot, Christophe
3939:Jaffrelot, Christophe
3846:Bapu, Prabhu (2013).
3820:. 20 September 2018.
2701:Sumit Sarkar (2014).
2471:McKean, Lise (1996).
2180:India's Israel Policy
2099:Cush, Denise (2012).
2036:Six, Clemens (2017).
941:Ideological positions
865:Karnataka controversy
791:On January 30, 1948,
773:
760:
747:
681:
494:electorate under the
482:The formation of the
345:
133:National conservatism
4774:Rashtriya Lok Morcha
4659:Jannayak Janta Party
4396:Rashtriya Janata Dal
4321:Jannayak Janta Party
4311:Janata Dal (Secular)
3947:. C Hurst & Co.
3882:Modern Asian Studies
3034:. 24 December 2014.
2150:Religion and Regimes
955:forced sterilization
583:Madan Mohan Malaviya
496:Morley-Minto reforms
440:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
137:Economic nationalism
85:(as political party)
49:Madan Mohan Malaviya
4724:Makkal Needhi Maiam
4554:Bahujan Mukti Party
4534:Gana Suraksha Party
4431:Shiromani Akali Dal
4366:Naga People's Front
4361:Naam Tamilar Katchi
4356:Mizo National Front
4336:Kerala Congress (M)
4316:Janata Dal (United)
4226:Apna Dal (Soneylal)
4155:Bahujan Samaj Party
4074:. New Delhi: Sage.
4013:"The other saffron"
2774:Leaves from a Dairy
1981:Ali, Tariq (1985).
984:
905:Indian caste system
756:Quit India Movement
739:Krishak Praja Party
728:Stick to your Posts
720:Quit India Movement
714:Quit India Movement
704:Krishak Praja Party
390:Madan Mohan Malviya
388:Founded in 1915 by
381:political party in
234:Seats in
219:Seats in
204:Seats in
189:Seats in
141:Right-wing populism
129:Social conservatism
4609:Hamro Sikkim Party
4574:Congress (Secular)
4456:Telugu Desam Party
4231:Asom Gana Parishad
4011:(6 October 2014).
3794:. 20 August 2018.
3768:. 20 August 2018.
3742:. 20 August 2018.
2446:ISBN 9781315180076
2262:The Economic Times
983:
937:("Hindu Nation").
650:civil disobedience
585:, who founded the
560:Swami Shraddhanand
356:
4960:Hindu nationalism
4902:
4901:
4834:Swabhimani Paksha
4764:Puthiya Tamilagam
4461:Tipra Motha Party
4271:Goa Forward Party
4042:978-93-5029-600-4
3993:978-94-024-1036-5
3714:loksabhaph.nic.in
3684:loksabhaph.nic.in
3654:loksabhaph.nic.in
3636:loksabhaph.nic.in
3606:loksabhaph.nic.in
3576:loksabhaph.nic.in
3546:loksabhaph.nic.in
3516:loksabhaph.nic.in
3498:loksabhaph.nic.in
3468:loksabhaph.nic.in
3438:loksabhaph.nic.in
3408:loksabhaph.nic.in
3378:loksabhaph.nic.in
3348:loksabhaph.nic.in
3318:loksabhaph.nic.in
3288:loksabhaph.nic.in
3258:loksabhaph.nic.in
3173:on 13 April 2015.
3136:. 12 April 2015.
2842:978-93-5194-083-8
2800:978-81-87496-13-7
2758:978-81-87496-13-7
2714:978-93-325-4085-9
2651:978-81-7495-236-3
2624:978-81-87496-13-7
2597:978-87-87062-14-5
2571:978-0-670-08275-9
2544:978-81-7495-236-3
2484:978-0-226-56009-0
2404:, pp. 17–20.
2346:, pp. 20–21.
2330:978-0-88706-807-2
2303:978-0-231-51092-9
2163:Delap, L (2013).
2056:A History of Asia
1983:An Indian Dynasty
1931:
1930:
1560:
1559:
974:Electoral history
820:Commission said:
697:Mehr Chand Khanna
595:Navin Chandra Rai
581:president Pandit
528:Bombay Presidency
430:of Indian leader
379:Hindu nationalist
340:
339:
327:Political parties
322:Politics of India
121:Hindu nationalism
86:
71:
70:(as organization)
5002:
4709:Lok Insaaf Party
4143:National parties
4129:
4122:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4085:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4046:
4027:
4025:
4023:
3997:
3978:. pp. 1–4.
3964:Long, Jeffery D.
3958:
3934:
3875:
3852:(1st ed.).
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3818:"Karnataka 2018"
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3792:"Karnataka 2013"
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3766:"Karnataka 2008"
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3740:"Karnataka 1999"
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3169:. Archived from
3159:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3134:Deccan Chronicle
3126:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3032:Deccan Chronicle
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2719:
2718:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2675:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2216:. Archived from
2215:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1916:
1885:
1854:
1823:
1782:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1578:Seats contested
1572:
1571:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1029:
1028:
1021:
997:Change in seats
985:
871:Basavaraj Bommai
616:Simon Commission
486:in 1906 and the
403:from within the
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
313:
310:
308:
295:
281:
267:
255:
243:
228:
213:
206:Rajya Sabha
198:
170:
160:
125:Ultranationalism
84:
83:
81:
76:
69:
68:
66:
61:
40:
24:
23:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4950:Hindu Mahasabha
4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4674:Jharkhand Party
4669:Jebamani Janata
4594:Goa Vikas Party
4506:
4500:
4426:Samajwadi Party
4306:Jana Sena Party
4241:Biju Janata Dal
4179:
4150:Aam Aadmi Party
4138:
4133:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4082:
4060:
4058:
4043:
4021:
4019:
4004:
4002:Further reading
3994:
3976:Springer Verlag
3955:
3872:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3721:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3107:
3100:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2827:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2785:
2781:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2722:
2715:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2529:
2522:
2511:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2485:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2400:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2271:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2211:"Archived copy"
2209:
2208:
2204:
2191:
2187:
2176:
2172:
2161:
2157:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2097:
2093:
2082:
2078:
2067:
2063:
2052:
2048:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2011:, pp. 1–4.
2007:
1990:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1936:
1917:
1914:
1886:
1883:
1855:
1852:
1824:
1821:
1783:
1780:
1721:
1718:
1654:
1651:
1619:
1616:
1570:
1565:
1524:
1521:
1493:
1490:
1462:
1459:
1431:
1428:
1400:
1397:
1369:
1366:
1338:
1335:
1306:
1303:
1274:
1271:
1243:
1240:
1212:
1209:
1181:
1178:
1149:
1146:
1118:
1115:
1086:
1083:
1054:
1051:
1022:
1019:
981:
976:
943:
921:
883:
867:
831:
789:
783:
750:the time being.
716:
658:
639:
608:
591:Lala Lajpat Rai
548:
504:Hindu community
469:
464:
448:
374:
371:
368:
365:
336:
305:
272:Election symbol
257:
256:
253:
244:
241:
229:
226:
214:
211:
199:
196:
152:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
91:Split from
79:
77:
74:
72:
64:
62:
59:
31:
30:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5008:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4091:
4090:External links
4088:
4087:
4086:
4081:978-8132100478
4080:
4067:
4047:
4041:
4028:
4017:Indian Express
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3992:
3959:
3954:978-1849041386
3953:
3935:
3876:
3871:978-0415671651
3870:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3809:
3783:
3757:
3731:
3701:
3671:
3641:
3623:
3593:
3563:
3533:
3503:
3485:
3455:
3425:
3395:
3365:
3335:
3305:
3275:
3245:
3206:
3176:
3151:
3118:
3098:
3080:
3049:
3019:
2988:
2962:
2924:
2885:
2860:
2841:
2821:
2806:
2799:
2779:
2764:
2757:
2737:
2735:, p. 103.
2720:
2713:
2693:
2686:
2657:
2650:
2630:
2623:
2603:
2596:
2577:
2570:
2550:
2543:
2520:
2502:
2483:
2463:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2418:
2414:Jaffrelot 2011
2406:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2348:
2336:
2329:
2309:
2302:
2282:
2248:
2223:on 30 May 2018
2202:
2185:
2170:
2155:
2140:
2125:
2106:
2091:
2076:
2061:
2046:
2025:
2013:
1988:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1807:Not contested
1805:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:Voteshare (%)
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:18th Lok Sabha
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1516:17th Lok Sabha
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1485:16th Lok Sabha
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1454:15th Lok Sabha
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1423:14th Lok Sabha
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1392:13th Lok Sabha
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:12th Lok Sabha
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1330:11th Lok Sabha
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1298:10th Lok Sabha
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
980:
977:
975:
972:
942:
939:
920:
917:
909:untouchability
882:
879:
866:
863:
855:Nathuram Godse
839:Mahatma Gandhi
835:Nathuram Godse
830:
827:
826:
825:
817:Madanlal Pahwa
813:Vishnu Karkare
801:Digambar Badge
793:Nathuram Godse
785:Main article:
782:
779:
715:
712:
657:
654:
643:Mahatma Gandhi
638:
635:
607:
604:
547:
544:
468:
465:
463:
460:
447:
444:
436:Nathuram Godse
432:Mahatma Gandhi
338:
337:
335:
334:
329:
324:
318:
315:
314:
302:
301:
297:
296:
288:
287:
283:
282:
274:
273:
269:
268:
258:(Collectively
252:
250:
246:
245:
240:
238:
231:
230:
225:
223:
216:
215:
210:
208:
201:
200:
195:
193:
191:Lok Sabha
186:
185:
182:
175:
174:
166:
162:
161:
150:
144:
143:
114:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5007:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Ikkjutt Jammu
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:State parties
4182:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3112:Veer Savarkar
3105:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2687:9780812275834
2683:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2666:Baxter, Craig
2661:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2461:, p. 40.
2460:
2455:
2453:
2443:
2434:
2428:, p. 20.
2427:
2422:
2416:, p. 43.
2415:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2396:
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2385:, p. 17.
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2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2040:. Routledge.
2039:
2032:
2030:
2023:, p. 61.
2022:
2017:
2010:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1960:Sangh Parivar
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
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1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:Uttar Pradesh
1599:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:No. of Votes
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1545:
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1301:
1299:
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1267:
1266:9th Lok Sabha
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1235:8th Lok Sabha
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1204:7th Lok Sabha
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1173:6th Lok Sabha
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1141:5th Lok Sabha
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1110:4th Lok Sabha
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1078:3rd Lok Sabha
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1046:2nd Lok Sabha
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1014:1st Lok Sabha
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
986:
971:
969:
964:
959:
956:
953:must undergo
952:
948:
938:
936:
935:
934:Hindu Rashtra
930:
926:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:Hindu culture
890:
889:
888:Hindu Rashtra
878:
876:
872:
862:
860:
859:Shaurya Diwas
856:
852:
848:
847:Narendra Modi
844:
840:
836:
823:
822:
821:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
777:
772:
770:
769:R.C. Majumdar
764:
759:
757:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
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628:
623:
621:
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613:
603:
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588:
584:
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568:
563:
561:
557:
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546:Establishment
543:
541:
537:
531:
529:
525:
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516:
513:
507:
505:
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488:British India
485:
480:
478:
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459:
457:
453:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:assassination
425:
424:Muslim League
421:
416:
414:
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406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
386:
384:
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360:
353:
350:in 1944 when
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328:
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320:
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316:
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298:
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262:States &
261:
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103:
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4804:Shiv Sangram
4744:NISHAD Party
4505:Unrecognized
4071:
4059:. Retrieved
4055:
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4016:
3967:
3943:
3886:
3880:
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3826:. Retrieved
3812:
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3760:
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3713:
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3515:
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3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3467:
3458:
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3437:
3428:
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3407:
3398:
3386:. Retrieved
3377:
3368:
3356:. Retrieved
3347:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
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3287:
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3257:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3219:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3188:
3179:
3171:the original
3166:
3142:. Retrieved
3133:
3111:
3092:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3062:
3052:
3040:. Retrieved
3031:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3001:
2991:
2979:. Retrieved
2975:
2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2936:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2898:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2870:
2863:
2853:23 September
2851:. Retrieved
2831:
2824:
2815:
2809:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2767:
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2606:
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2533:
2514:
2493:. Retrieved
2473:
2466:
2442:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2378:
2373:, p. 3.
2366:
2339:
2319:
2312:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2270:. Retrieved
2261:
2251:
2225:. Retrieved
2218:the original
2205:
2194:
2188:
2179:
2173:
2164:
2158:
2149:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2100:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2070:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2016:
1982:
991:Legislature
968:Babri masjid
960:
944:
932:
922:
886:
884:
868:
858:
850:
832:
809:Narayan Apte
790:
774:
766:
761:
753:
748:
732:
727:
717:
701:
690:
686:
682:
670:
659:
640:
626:
624:
609:
576:
570:
566:
564:
555:
549:
532:
517:
508:
481:
470:
455:
451:
449:
420:World War II
417:
387:
358:
357:
263:
259:
101:Headquarters
18:
4061:21 December
3901:: 145–203.
3012:21 December
2981:11 November
2955:11 November
2917:11 November
2495:13 February
1285:Opposition
1128:Opposition
1097:Opposition
1065:Opposition
1033:Opposition
805:Gopal Godse
647:non-violent
631:World War 2
599:Hindu Samaj
556:Sarvadeshak
477:Lord Curzon
467:Antecedents
418:During the
401:British Raj
399:before the
4909:Categories
4769:Raijor Dal
4191:AJSU Party
3724:1 November
3694:1 November
3664:1 November
3616:1 November
3586:1 November
3556:1 November
3526:1 November
3478:1 November
3448:1 November
3418:1 November
3388:1 November
3358:1 November
3328:1 November
3298:1 November
3268:1 November
2272:18 October
1966:References
1581:Seats won
994:Seats won
947:Christians
743:Fazlul Haq
708:Fazlul Haq
620:Poona Pact
286:Party flag
154:Right-wing
4719:Mahan Dal
4436:Shiv Sena
4056:Firstpost
4022:6 October
3972:Dordrecht
3931:144467731
3915:1469-8099
3891:Cambridge
3862:Routledge
3238:9 January
3228:0971-751X
3220:The Hindu
3199:9 January
3063:The Hindu
3002:Firstpost
2945:0971-751X
2937:The Hindu
2907:0971-751X
2899:The Hindu
2878:2 October
2733:Bapu 2013
2459:Bapu 2013
2426:Bapu 2013
2402:Bapu 2013
2383:Bapu 2013
2371:Bapu 2013
2359:Bapu 2013
2344:Bapu 2013
2122:(2): 175.
2021:Bapu 2013
1765:Karnataka
875:Nanjangud
853:(Patriot
506:members.
332:Elections
227:0 / 4,036
158:far-right
105:New Delhi
4965:Hindutva
4544:Apna Dal
3941:(2011).
3895:New York
3858:New York
3822:Archived
3796:Archived
3770:Archived
3744:Archived
3718:Archived
3688:Archived
3658:Archived
3610:Archived
3580:Archived
3550:Archived
3520:Archived
3472:Archived
3442:Archived
3412:Archived
3382:Archived
3352:Archived
3322:Archived
3292:Archived
3262:Archived
3232:Archived
3193:Archived
3144:13 April
3138:Archived
3093:NDTV.com
3067:Archived
3036:Archived
3006:Archived
2949:Archived
2911:Archived
2847:Archived
2668:(1969).
2489:Archived
2266:Archived
2237:cite web
2009:Jha 2018
1934:See also
1596:Outcome
1593:+/- (%)
1000:Outcome
925:Hindutva
919:Hindutva
913:Savarkar
901:heritage
897:religion
881:Ideology
552:Haridwar
413:Hindutva
394:orthodox
117:Hindutva
112:Ideology
4507:parties
3840:Sources
3167:IBNLive
3073:2 March
3042:2 March
1915:0 / 224
1884:0 / 224
1864:0.001%
1853:0 / 224
1822:0 / 224
1792:0.001%
1781:0 / 224
1719:1 / 403
1664:81,829
1652:1 / 424
1630:67,807
1617:1 / 425
1522:0 / 543
1491:0 / 543
1460:0 / 543
1429:0 / 543
1398:0 / 545
1367:0 / 545
1336:0 / 545
1304:0 / 545
1272:1 / 545
1241:0 / 533
1210:0 / 542
1179:0 / 542
1147:0 / 518
1116:1 / 520
1084:1 / 494
1052:2 / 494
1020:4 / 489
951:Muslims
597:of the
462:History
377:) is a
366:
348:Shimoga
300:Website
242:0 / 426
212:0 / 245
197:0 / 543
172:Saffron
169:
165:Colours
78: (
63: (
55:Founded
45:Founder
4078:
4039:
3990:
3951:
3929:
3923:311959
3921:
3913:
3868:
3854:London
3828:11 May
3802:11 May
3776:11 May
3750:11 May
3226:
2943:
2905:
2839:
2797:
2755:
2711:
2684:
2648:
2621:
2594:
2568:
2541:
2481:
2327:
2300:
2227:29 May
1895:0.01%
1833:0.01%
1738:Other
1672:Other
1667:0.30%
1638:Other
1633:0.29%
899:, and
536:Ambala
526:, and
520:Punjab
492:Muslim
397:Hindus
254:0 / 31
181:Status
3927:S2CID
3919:JSTOR
3889:(2).
2221:(PDF)
2214:(PDF)
1900:None
1892:2840
1869:None
1838:None
1830:2320
1797:None
1575:Year
1003:Ref.
988:Year
797:Delhi
673:Sindh
500:Hindu
383:India
4076:ISBN
4063:2014
4037:ISBN
4024:2014
3988:ISBN
3949:ISBN
3911:ISSN
3893:and
3866:ISBN
3856:and
3830:2023
3804:2023
3778:2023
3752:2023
3726:2020
3696:2020
3666:2020
3618:2020
3588:2020
3558:2020
3528:2020
3480:2020
3450:2020
3420:2020
3390:2020
3360:2020
3330:2020
3300:2020
3270:2020
3240:2020
3224:ISSN
3201:2020
3146:2015
3075:2018
3044:2018
3014:2014
2983:2022
2957:2022
2941:ISSN
2919:2022
2903:ISSN
2880:2019
2855:2020
2837:ISBN
2795:ISBN
2753:ISBN
2709:ISBN
2682:ISBN
2646:ISBN
2619:ISBN
2592:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2539:ISBN
2497:2016
2479:ISBN
2325:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2274:2021
2243:link
2229:2018
2196:Time
1906:2023
1875:2018
1861:345
1844:2013
1813:2008
1803:2004
1789:253
1772:1999
1757:2022
1753:2017
1749:2012
1745:2007
1711:2002
1703:1996
1699:1993
1695:1991
1691:1989
1687:1985
1683:1980
1679:1977
1644:1974
1609:1969
1584:+/-
1542:2024
1511:2019
1480:2014
1449:2009
1418:2004
1387:1999
1356:1998
1325:1996
1293:1991
1261:1989
1230:1984
1199:1980
1168:1977
1136:1971
1105:1967
1073:1962
1041:1957
1009:1951
949:and
815:and
660:The
446:Name
363:lit.
309:.org
307:abhm
266:UTs)
80:1933
73:1933
65:1915
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