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required number of locks and their locations. An issue that had bothered
Chittenden from the start was the location of the locks on Salmon Bay; either location would compromise the interests of the various parties involved, including residents, mill owners, and steamboat owners. He came up with a proposal calling for both a large and a small lock, which would be constructed of concrete and masonry work next to each other at the narrow foot at the west end of Salmon Bay, rather than using Moore's proposal for a single lock constructed of wood at the head of the bay. Chittenden found himself in an uncomfortable position and did not want to shoulder the responsibility of making the difficult choice. He ultimately contended that the decisions should be made by the various local interests since they were providing the financing required for the work involved. On March 18, 1907, the Washington legislature passed a bill permitting the construction of locks on the western end of Salmon Bay. Chittenden prepared a full report on the existing canal to the Chief of Engineers, knowing that if the plan and its financing were supported by the people he could complete the canal before the winter of 1909 set in. Chittenden reached the rank of
430:. In 1896 Chittenden decided to write an account of steamboat wrecks that occurred on the Missouri River in an attempt to determine which types of improvements for navigation were needed. Searching for information he met the retired Joseph LaBarge, who had an extensive and often first-hand knowledge of steamboat history on the Missouri River. Though LaBarge was willing to forgo any pay, Chittenden hired him as an assistant. While working with LaBarge, he soon discovered how knowledgeable and involved LaBarge was with Missouri River history and asked him to compile his documents and memoirs involving his career as a riverboat captain. Work was interrupted when Chittenden was called away during the
406:, causing gradual paralysis of his legs and attacks of nervous exhaustion. At forty-nine, he had to pass the test or be forced to retire, with only the prospect of a small pension to support his wife and children. To ready himself he began taking practice rides. On his birthday in 1907 Chittenden was examined by military doctors, who discovered his precarious physical condition. Of the three officers on the health board, two refused to let him take the long ride. Alarmed by the looming consequences, Chittenden pleaded with the board to reconsider and permit him to take the ride. The board subsequently referred the matter to senior officer General
362:, to determine boundary changes because of his expertise in such matters. Of greatest concern to the government was the various private land claims in and around the park. Chittenden was requested by Hitchcock to take on the task and assume the role of senior member on the commission to study the Yosemite region. The chief of Engineers approved the choice of Chittenden, asserting that his "service would be of more value than any other officer" because of his extensive experience. Along with Chittenden, R. B. Marshall, a topographer, and Frank Bond, from the United States General Land office were also members of the commission.
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183:
381:, at a cost of half a million dollars. Calls for such a project had been in the works for years. Since the Federal government had jurisdiction over the navigable waters, congressional approval was necessary to commence work on the project and would inevitably require Chittenden's involvement. Chittenden in May 1906 was directed to review Moore's plan for canal work. Having found it inadequate he reported his findings on May 26. However, on June 11 President
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33:
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438:, he received news from Saint Louis that LaBarge was dying. Chittenden immediately telegraphed LaBarge's son asking him to assure LaBarge that "I shall faithfully finish his work. It will take me a long time, but I shall not fail to do it." Chittenden's telegraph reached LaBarge one and a half hours before he died.
296:. He found its atmosphere quite different than at Cornell, with its rigorous schedule and emphasis on discipline, and the constant drilling. Chittenden graduated on June 15, 1884, first in his class in the area of discipline and third overall. Shortly after graduation, Chittenden was commissioned as a
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signed a bill approving Moore's proposal. Disappointed, Chittenden prepared an extensive report on how to accomplish the task of completing the canal work. He submitted several proposals that called for alterations to Moore's plan, some of them proving to be controversial, calling into question the
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On
October 9, 1917, Chittenden died in Seattle shortly after midnight, at the age of 58. Funeral services were held two days later, with Reverend Mark Matthews delivering the service. Because the country was then at war, there was no military service conducted. The service was simple with a prayer
349:
Chittenden served as an engineer in two terms of service at
Yellowstone National Park in 1891–1892 and 1899–1906. In 1891 he was commissioned as an assistant to the officer in charge of road construction. From 1899 to 1906 Chittenden held several posts concurrently and was assigned to a number of
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in New York City, an engineering school serving the Corps of
Engineers. On December 30, 1884, he married Nettie at Arcade, her home town. Their marriage brought two sons and a daughter. After completing his education, his tours of duty were mainly in the West, including two terms of service in
401:
himself, that the annual physical exam require each officer to pass a fifty-mile test on horseback, or face retirement. Chittenden was anxious of the test because his health was not the best due to his arduous service fraught with perils, including
271:. He was the oldest child of William Fletcher Chittenden (1835–1923) and Mary Jane Wheeler Chittenden (1836–1924), who owned a farm. Chittenden had a younger brother, Clyde (1860–1953), and a sister, Ida (1864–1954).
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The
American fur trade of the far West: a history of the pioneer trading posts and early fur companies of the Missouri valley and the Rocky mountains and the overland commerce with Santa Fe (Three Volumes)
958:
The
American fur trade of the far West: a history of the pioneer trading posts and early fur companies of the Missouri valley and the Rocky mountains and the overland commerce with Santa Fe ...
354:
in the far west. Yosemite was in need of having its boundaries officially established, as the national park was created in stages in piecemeal fashion. Chittenden was commissioned by the
278:
and an appointment by his congressman to the United States
Military Academy at West Point. After attending Cornell for two terms, he studied literature, languages, and history briefly at
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he was again sent to
Yellowstone National Park and was in exclusive charge of the road work and general improvements, the basalt arch at the northern entrance and the single-span
457:, praising the U.S. Congress for passing the Randall-Humphreys bill by a huge margin. In international matters, his views during his last years became more nationalist towards
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Historian Gordon Dobbs maintains that no other historian before or after
Chittenden has gone through the "half carload" of documents and manuscripts from the
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410:, who left the decision to Chittenden. Upon completion of the test he suffered a major physical setback that caused a partial paralysis in his legs.
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Chittenden's 1902 history of the fur trade has been highly influential among historians of the West. His first major work and publication was
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were long recognized as definitive....His style was formal, clear, and undramatic. His works contain a mass of detail. He was typical of the
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206:. He also helped found the Pacific Coast Association of Port Authorities, later known as the Association of Pacific Ports in 1913. The
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With the Army Corps of
Engineers, Chittenden was in charge of many notable projects throughout the United States. In 1899 after the
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477:. This was Chittenden's last public cause. One of the great events for Chittenden during his last years was the opening of the
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422:(1895), which he authored during his first years working at Yellowstone. He also authored a two-volume book on the life of
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editor. In 1917 he condemned President Woodrow Wilson's speech "Peace without Victory". When Germany continued its
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In the spring of 1906 Chittenden moved to Seattle, Washington. That year the developer James A. Moore offered to
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History of early steamboat navigation on the Missouri River : life and adventures of Joseph La Barge, Volume
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History of early steamboat navigation on the Missouri River : life and adventures of Joseph La Barge, Volume
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History of early steamboat navigation on the Missouri River : life and adventures of Joseph La Barge, Volume
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History of early steamboat navigation on the Missouri River : life and adventures of Joseph La Barge, Volume
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Yellowstone Park (1891–1893, 1899–1904). His service at Yellowstone sparked his lifelong interest in history and
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Chittenden's outlook over his remaining years in the service changed when an order issued by President
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506:(Chittenden put out several versions of this book until his death. Mojor Revisions were released in
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Dodds, Gordon B. (Autumn 1963). "A Dedication to the Memory of Hiram Martin Chittenden, 1858–1917".
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H.M. Chittenden—A Western Epic—Being a Selection from his unpublished Journals, Diaries and Reports
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Walker, Don D. "Philosophical and Literary Implications in the Historiography of the Fur Trade,"
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194:(October 25, 1858 – October 9, 1917) was an American engineer and historian. A graduate of
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that preparing for war would prevent war, sentiments he had expressed in another letter to the
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from 1906 to 1908). Chittenden was one of the first three elected Port Commissioners at the
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Dodds, Gordon B. "A Dedication to the Memory of Hiram Martin Chittenden, 1858–1917,"
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Gordon B. Dodds, "A Dedication to the Memory of Hiram Martin Chittenden, 1858–1917,"
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History of early steamboat navigation on the Missouri River: life and adventures of
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Chittenden, Hiram Martin; de Smet, Pierre-Jean; Richardson, Alfred Talbot (1905).
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Life, letters and travels of Father Pierre-Jean de Smet, S.J., 1801–1873, Volume
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Life, letters and travels of Father Pierre-Jean de Smet, S.J., 1801–1873, Volume
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Life, letters and travels of Father Pierre-Jean de Smet, S.J., 1801–1873, Volume
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Life, letters and travels of Father Pierre-Jean de Smet, S.J., 1801–1873, Volume
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before transferring to West Point in 1880. Steaming down the Hudson River on the
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projects that kept him moving to different regions, eventually bringing him to
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606:——; de Smet, Pierre-Jean; Richardson, Alfred Talbot (1905).
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578:——; de Smet, Pierre-Jean; Richardson, Alfred Talbot (1905).
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and its effect on peace, a departure to what he espoused in his book
304:. In September 1884, he continued his education at the University at
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In June 1916, Chittenden penned a letter to the editor of the
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The Yellowstone national park: historical and descriptive ...
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1903 colored postcard image of the Chittenden Memorial Bridge
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and two hymns sung, in accordance with Chittenden's wishes.
791:, The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society, pp.73–87
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and his life as a fur trader and steamboat captain on the
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The Yellowstone national park, historical and descriptive
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The Yellowstone National Park, historical and Descriptive
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Hiram Martin Chittenden was born on October 25, 1858, in
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954:
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Dodds, Gordon B. "Hiram Martin Chittenden, Historian,"
1032:"News and Comment-Death of Hiram M. Chittenden"
420:
Yellowstone National Park: Historical and Descriptive
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on February 5, 1910, and five days later he retired.
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Military administration of Yellowstone National Park
903:
Morgan, Dale L. "The Fur Trade and its Historians,"
1008: with A. T. Richardson, 1905. (Four volumes)
473:campaign he wrote "I hope so" to the prospect of
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1498:People associated with Yellowstone National Park
922:. Tacoma, Wa: Washington State Historic Society.
213:As a historian he was noted for his work on the
1792:United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
244:and in 'the divine mission of the Anglo-Saxon.'
198:, he was the Seattle district engineer for the
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1037:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
623:War or peace, a present duty and a future hope
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274:In 1878 Chittenden accepted a scholarship to
342:(formerly the Melan arch bridge) across the
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532:Vol III not available in the 1902 edition.)
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1052:. The State of Washington, HistoryLink.org
937:Hiram Martin Chittenden: His Public Career
517:
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1782:20th-century United States Army personnel
1777:19th-century United States Army personnel
1001:. Cincinnati, Stewart & Kidd company.
626:. Cincinnati, Stewart & Kidd company.
1802:Military personnel from New York (state)
1797:People from Cattaraugus County, New York
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504:. Cincinnati, The Robert Clarke company.
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1817:Burials at Lake View Cemetery (Seattle)
1174:Historic events and personalities from
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1050:"Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1858–1917)"
1043:(1). Oregon Historical Society: 73–87.
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1767:United States Military Academy alumni
1733:United States Army Corps of Engineers
1560:Carl S. English Jr. Botanical Gardens
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1116:Works by or about Hiram M. Chittenden
248:Chittenden also wrote the noted work
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1447:History of the National Park Service
990:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
976:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
615:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
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601:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
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587:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
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573:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
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559:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
545:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
221:. Historian Gordon B. Dodds stated,
1006:Life and Letters of Father de Smet’
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238:Progressive era of American history
210:in Seattle are named in his honor.
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1195:Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition
851:, Volumes I & II, front covers
475:the United States entering the war
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1018:Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1915).
955:Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1902).
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154:Grand Loop Road Historic District
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1452:History of wolves in Yellowstone
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1200:Hayden Geological Survey of 1871
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940:. University Press of Kentucky.
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1812:Historians of the United States
1762:Engineers from New York (state)
1190:Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition
1029:Scott, Leslie M. (March 1918).
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111:United States Military Academy
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1091:: CS1 maint: date and year (
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890:(1961) 30#3 pp. 257–269
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1107:Works by Hiram M. Chittenden
912:Western American Literature,
649:National Irrigation Congress
637:. (Publisher not indicated).
434:of 1898. While stationed in
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288:, Chittenden arrived at the
265:Yorkshire Township, New York
7:
1772:United States Army generals
1462:1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake
1266:Alexander Ross (fur trader)
1024:Stewart & Kidd company.
918:Le Roy, Bruce, ed. (1961).
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10:
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1807:Water transport in Seattle
1541:Lake Washington Ship Canal
1421:Samuel Baldwin Marks Young
1256:Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden
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340:Chittenden Memorial Bridge
150:Chittenden Memorial Bridge
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1457:Teton–Yellowstone tornado
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1176:Yellowstone National Park
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1165:Yellowstone National Park
934:Dobbs, Gordon B. (2015).
888:Pacific Historical Review
459:the idea of war readiness
356:Secretary of the Interior
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208:Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
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240:in his strong belief in
229:, the fur trade, and on
1389:Military administration
1290:Photographers, artists
1048:Caldbick, John (2017).
995:—— (1918).
981:—— (1903).
967:—— (1903).
907:(1966) 10#4 pp 151–156,
631:—— (1913).
620:—— (1911).
550:—— (1903).
536:—— (1903).
518:—— (1902).
302:Army Corps of Engineers
200:Army Corps of Engineers
192:Hiram Martin Chittenden
140:Army Corps of Engineers
47:Hiram Martin Chittenden
1629:University Link tunnel
352:Yosemite National Park
331:
246:
1644:I-5 Ship Canal Bridge
1426:Wilber Elliott Wilder
1314:William Henry Jackson
1261:Nathaniel P. Langford
900:(1963) 5#3 pp 182–186
671:(1963) 5#3 pp 182–186
479:Lake Washington Canal
329:
223:
166:Sylvan_Pass_(Wyoming)
1500:at Wikimedia Commons
1411:Dan Christie Kingman
1167:– history and people
914:(1974) 9#2 pp 79–104
898:Arizona and the West
669:Arizona and the West
634:Ports of the Pacific
443:American Fur Company
432:Spanish–American War
336:Spanish–American War
322:Engineering projects
1705:Reginald H. Thomson
1700:James. B. Cavanaugh
1695:Hiram M. Chittenden
1472:2022 Montana floods
1416:Hiram M. Chittenden
1396:Henry Tureman Allen
1251:Warren Angus Ferris
1125:Hiram M. Chittenden
436:Huntsville, Alabama
80:Seattle, Washington
61:Yorkshire, New York
25:Hiram M. Chittenden
1401:Lloyd Milton Brett
1340:Horace M. Albright
1299:Heinrich C. Berann
905:Minnesota History,
789:Scott, March, 1918
408:Adolphus W. Greely
395:Theodore Roosevelt
360:Ethan A. Hitchcock
332:
276:Cornell University
130:Engineering career
92:Lake View Cemetery
37:Chittenden in 1916
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1669:Salmon Bay Bridge
1639:University Bridge
1507:
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1496:Media related to
1281:Henry D. Washburn
1241:Gustavus C. Doane
1111:Project Gutenberg
947:978-0-8131-6275-1
397:a famous veteran
388:brigadier general
344:Yellowstone River
225:His works on the
217:, especially the
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1309:Frank Jay Haynes
1304:Albert Bierstadt
1292:and illustrators
1246:Truman C. Everts
1225:Robert Adams Jr.
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424:Joseph LaBarge
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88:Resting place
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1715:Charles Bebb
1694:
1572:Montlake Cut
1484:
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1319:Thomas Moran
1276:Cyrus Thomas
1129:Find a Grave
1087:cite journal
1070:
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1054:. Retrieved
1040:
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1012:War or Peace
1011:
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961:F.P. Harper.
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311:conservation
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234:steamboating
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136:Institutions
129:
74:(1917-10-09)
18:
1757:1917 deaths
1752:1858 births
1613:Puget Sound
1593:Portage Bay
1567:Fremont Cut
1380:Harry Yount
1235:John Colter
1230:Jim Bridger
1183:Expeditions
876:Dobbs, 2015
861:Dobbs, 2015
837:Dobbs, 1963
824:Dodds, 1961
813:Dobbs, 2015
801:Dobbs, 2015
774:Dobbs, 2015
762:Dobbs, 2015
750:Dobbs, 2015
740:, pp. 60–61
738:Dobbs, 2015
714:Dobbs, 2015
399:cavalry man
227:Yellowstone
99:Nationality
1746:Categories
1603:Salmon Bay
1598:Lake Union
1335:Mission 66
1056:August 16,
655:References
449:Later life
379:Salmon Bay
375:Lake Union
294:West Point
259:Early life
196:West Point
121:Occupation
115:West Point
53:1858-10-25
1622:Crossings
1581:Landforms
1218:Explorers
716:, pp. 3–5
414:Historian
219:fur trade
176:Signature
107:Education
94:, Seattle
1079:40167070
892:in JSTOR
839:, p. 185
815:, p. 138
803:, p. 154
764:, p. 135
643:See also
498:(1895).
369:to link
242:progress
146:Projects
124:Engineer
102:American
1486:Outline
1118:at the
1014:, 1910.
863:, p. 87
704:, Essay
530:Vol. II
300:in the
285:Vibbard
269:Buffalo
267:, near
1678:People
1440:Events
1077:
944:
526:Vol. I
377:, and
317:Career
82:, U.S.
63:, U.S.
1664:Locks
1548:Works
1075:JSTOR
489:Works
1093:link
1058:2019
942:ISBN
512:1915
510:and
508:1912
383:Taft
69:Died
43:Born
1239:Lt.
1127:at
1109:at
986:II
597:III
555:II
292:at
113:at
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1085:{{
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569:I
524:(
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
