1142:
1247:
1042:. It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left. The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from British-American individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.
3011:
951:
199:
1423:
963:
2125:
2088:
2051:
2014:
1977:
1940:
1903:
1866:
1829:
1792:
1755:
1718:
1681:
1644:
1607:
1400:, together with dissident members from the Right, put the government into a minority because of the tax on grains' question, which damaged the rural economy. Ironically, many Right politicians who sided now with Left were from the North. Since this moment, the Right fell into opposition and
1304:
and high taxation. The taxes, especially the tax on grains, were unpopular among the rural and middle classes. As a result, the Right progressively lost its support. With that, the Right was split, with the original
Northern liberals supporting the taxation and the newly arrived Southern
1288:. Fearing a democratic revolution, Cavour became near to the new Right group in the Italian Parliament and led it until his premature death in June 1861. The Cavourian policies were partially continued by his successors aligned with the Right group like Luigi Farini,
1440:
would be accepted into his government. Surprisingly, Minghetti agreed with this, causing various individuals in the Right to join the Left. After this event, the rest of the anti-compromise Right was called the
2999:
1508:
to the United
Kingdom. Constitutional politicians like Luzzatti and Sonnino later formed their own governments, but they were short, and were weakened by the newborn
1504:, a powerful rising socialist protest in Sicily, but also several nationalist groups. After two years, Rudinì was ousted from office after his unpopular ceding of
1308:
In the 1870s, in a time of rising tensions inside the Right governments, the group split into different factions for specific goals and territorial composition:
816:
3169:
1238:. D'Azeglio was forced to resign in November 1852 and Cavour was appointed by the King as the new prime minister, ending the Sardinian phase of the Right.
2992:
3174:
1168:
2192:
3260:
993:
3255:
2985:
2977:
3164:
2955:
753:
3235:
1453:. The Constitutionals were not a structured and organized party, but simply a coalition of both Northern and Southern conservatives like
3230:
3245:
2408:
1038:
during the second half of the 19th century. After 1876, the
Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the
3250:
1450:
65:
3200:
2277:
Campanelli, Giuseppe; Carducci, Michele; Tondi Della Mura, Vincenzo; Loiodice, Isabella (2 December 2016). Giappichelli (ed.).
3265:
3240:
3220:
3215:
1156:
362:
3205:
1442:
1413:
783:
763:
738:
2454:
2322:
986:
1432:
After the fall of
Minghetti, the Right progressively saw splits and disbanded. On 8 October 1882, some weeks before the
3179:
3159:
1516:
in 1913, a political alliance between various liberal politicians, many of whom were previously opposed to each other.
1167:
that tried to unify Italy as a federation of states. As the Right dominated the
Parliament, D'Azeglio was appointed as
160:
3225:
2965:
2904:
2860:
2775:
2694:
2543:
2518:
2485:
2418:
2351:
2288:
2244:
2217:
2877:
2234:
2207:
1472:
After ten years in opposition, the
Constitutionals gained the majority thanks to an agreement with dissident Left
758:
562:
542:
3007:
3210:
3142:
2828:
1250:
1203:
1192:
979:
180:
45:
2711:
2792:
2104:
2067:
2030:
1993:
1956:
1919:
1882:
1845:
1808:
1771:
1734:
1697:
1660:
1623:
1586:
1554:
1433:
223:
2936:
2059:
2022:
1985:
1948:
1911:
1264:. Cavour, who was Prime Minister of Sardinia since November 1852 with brief interruptions, became the first
1512:
and the first organized political parties. The awareness of that forced the
Constitutionals to join in the
1339:
106:
1141:
2611:
2607:
1527:
1172:
806:
3041:
1188:
428:
1246:
2532:
Sarti, Roland (2009). "The
Politics of the Liberal State (1861-1901)". In Infobase Publishing (ed.).
1497:
1297:
1211:
768:
228:
2633:
1317:
923:
294:
1578:
1509:
1273:
1265:
1215:
890:
831:
324:
115:
1496:. Rudinì was recalled in office after the political fall of Crispi, following the defeat in the
1175:. However, there were tensions inside the group caused by D'Azeglio's assertiveness towards the
1493:
1164:
826:
821:
706:
572:
266:
2436:
Una voce per l'Opposizione
Costituzionale di Sua MaestĂ : Alle origini del "Giornale d'Italia"
1513:
1417:
1184:
778:
733:
249:
144:
99:
1366:
1160:
1145:
1113:
1105:
849:
552:
233:
123:
111:
40:
2646:
1222:
In May 1852, Cavour and his supporters left the Right group and moved toward the moderate
8:
3052:
1230:. The duo Rattazzi–Cavour made an alliance (pejoratively called "a marriage"), forming a
1196:
1152:
1035:
1031:
955:
869:
711:
701:
582:
254:
218:
2559:
2746:
2512:
2389:
1615:
1485:
1285:
1207:
1076:
933:
918:
895:
864:
811:
695:
664:
448:
240:
165:
134:
2961:
2900:
2856:
2771:
2750:
2690:
2539:
2481:
2414:
2393:
2347:
2284:
2240:
2213:
1484:. During his short government, overthrown after one year, Rudinì worked to reduce to
1477:
1473:
1401:
1281:
1101:
1087:
928:
685:
644:
629:
609:
488:
468:
155:
2729:
Ragazzoni, David (2019). "Silvio
Spaventa and Marco Minghetti on party government".
2738:
2659:
2381:
2236:
States, Debt, and Power: 'Saints' and 'Sinners' in European History and Integration
1652:
1481:
1462:
1358:
1289:
1257:
1023:
1011:
875:
773:
649:
614:
604:
513:
478:
473:
453:
387:
314:
299:
50:
2742:
2683:
Merlini, Stefano; Tarli Barbieri, Giovanni (11 January 2017). Giappichelli (ed.).
3097:
2850:
2811:
2765:
2684:
2663:
2533:
2502:
2475:
2341:
2305:
2278:
2261:
2160:
2096:
1874:
1837:
1800:
1763:
1726:
1501:
1426:
1397:
1393:
1373:
1313:
1293:
1227:
1223:
1179:
and the King. The tensions caused the group to split into two separate factions:
1176:
1121:
1039:
743:
690:
624:
619:
523:
498:
493:
458:
382:
339:
188:
119:
60:
3086:
2669:
2474:
Emilio Gentile (2003). "1. Il governo del generale Pelloux". In Laterza (ed.).
2133:
1689:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1335:
1261:
1109:
1058:
654:
634:
508:
433:
377:
367:
289:
259:
70:
55:
2385:
3194:
1466:
1437:
1328:
1324:
1277:
1117:
1071:
721:
659:
639:
518:
503:
483:
463:
329:
1320:
1269:
1091:
1080:
967:
854:
748:
443:
438:
399:
392:
344:
213:
2276:
900:
2410:
Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview [4 volumes]
1489:
1351:
1124:. In the last decades of its history, the Right was often referred to as
1096:
1050:
1046:
885:
859:
319:
309:
304:
284:
2372:
Donovan, Mark; Newell, James L. (2008). "Centrism in Italian politics".
2178:
Conservatori senza partito. Un tentativo fallito nell'Italia giolittiana
1396:
was forced to resign after the so-called Parliamentary Revolution. The
1385:
1347:
1066:
1054:
801:
408:
334:
127:
2921:
1301:
880:
716:
2162:
Un esperimento liberal-conservatore: i governi di Rudinì (1896-1898)
2459:
1480:
and Rudinì was charged to form a new government in substitution of
1381:
1377:
1343:
1280:
refused to recognize the new government, but instead recognize the
1231:
1062:
140:
1422:
198:
2767:
God in Freedom: Studies in the Relations Between Church and State
2634:"La politica del "connubio"; Cavour primo ministro - MuseoTorino"
1505:
1362:
1296:. Starting in 1861, the Right's government pursued a policy of a
1084:
2343:
Il mito dello Stato nuovo: Dal radicalismo nazionale al fascismo
1404:, leader of the Left, was appointed as the new prime minister.
1445:
or "Constitutional opposition" led by former Finance Minister
1436:, Depretis proclaimed that anyone who was willing to become a
1268:. During the first year after unification, Cavour became more
2535:
Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
2307:
L'Ideologia della borghesia industriale nell'Italia liberale
2209:
Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
1214:, who supported the expropriation of the Church's goods, a
1305:
conservatives who opposed the modernization and taxation.
2280:
Lineamenti di diritto costituzionale della regione Puglia
2175:
1500:. During this second term, Rudinì worked to repress the
1159:, established in 1849. The Right was at the time led by
1034:
groups of the 20th century, was an Italian conservative
2477:
Le origini dell'Italia contemporanea: L'etĂ giolittiana
1218:
and French intervention to achieve Italian unification.
1195:, who supported compromises with the Church and a slow
2575:
2573:
2682:
1075:
policies while on social issues it favoured a strong
1045:
The Right represented the interests of the Northern
2810:Tavallini, Enrico (1887). L. Roux & Co. (ed.).
2665:
Storia d'Italia: Gli anni della destra, (1861-1876)
2608:"Discorsi parlamentari del conte Camillo di Cavour"
2570:
2504:Storia d'Italia: Gli anni della destra (1861-1876)
2407:Herb, Guntram H.; Kaplan, David H. (22 May 2008).
2260:Gramsci, Antonio (1966). Gramsci Institute (ed.).
2158:
1388:and those favourable to cooperation with the Left.
1369:. Hostile to Minghetti, but vague toward the Left.
2176:Umberto Gentiloni Silveri (2000). Stadium (ed.).
1465:who rejected perceived opportunism and Depretis'
3192:
2894:
2658:
2953:
1151:The origins of the Historical Right are in the
2473:
2438:(in Italian). Contemporanea. pp. 699–712.
2154:
2152:
1241:
2993:
2919:
2371:
987:
406:
397:
238:
3170:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
2710:Gherardi, Raffaella (2010). Treccani (ed.).
2449:
2447:
2445:
1407:
1108:, primarily aiming for an alliance with the
754:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
2764:Luzzatti, Luigi (2006). Cosimo, Inc (ed.).
2149:
1365:parochialism, favourable to liberalism and
1030:) by historians to distinguish it from the
3000:
2986:
2960:(in Italian). Guida Editori. p. 386.
2791:Montaldo, Silvano (2004). Treccani (ed.).
2500:
2406:
2367:
2365:
2363:
1492:sentiment and keep Italy aligned with the
1327:, moderate liberalism, and alignment with
1065:. On economic issues, the Right supported
994:
980:
2876:Ambrosoli, Luigi (1983). Treccani (ed.).
2875:
2809:
2728:
2501:Montanelli, Indro (1977). Rizzoli (ed.).
2442:
3261:Political parties disestablished in 1913
2844:
2842:
2827:Manfredi, Marco (2015). Treccani (ed.).
2826:
2790:
2763:
2709:
2552:
2320:
2303:
1421:
1245:
1140:
2360:
2340:Gentile, Emilio (1982). Laterza (ed.).
2339:
2259:
2159:Mario Belardinelli (1976). ELIA (ed.).
1163:, who was also a representative of the
3193:
3015:19th-century political groups in Italy
2937:"Antonio Starrabba marchese di Rudinì"
2849:Leoni, Francesco (2001). Guida (ed.).
2605:
2433:
3256:Political parties established in 1849
3175:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
3114:
3069:
3024:
2981:
2848:
2839:
2531:
2232:
2205:
1216:lesser role of the King in government
1183:The Conservatives, led by D'Azeglio,
363:1946 Italian institutional referendum
16:Historical political faction in Italy
3165:Historical Italian political parties
2957:Storia dei partiti politici italiani
2882:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2852:Storia dei partiti politici italiani
2833:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2797:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2716:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2190:
1519:
1451:Antonio Starabba, Marquess of Rudinì
1414:Liberal Constitutional Party (Italy)
2813:La vita e i tempi di Giovanni Lanza
13:
3236:Defunct political parties in Italy
3160:List of political parties in Italy
14:
3277:
3180:Current Italian political parties
2731:Journal of Modern Italian Studies
2686:Il governo parlamentare in Italia
1392:On 25 March 1876, Prime Minister
3009:
2647:XII/elenco "Camera dei deputati"
2124:
2123:
2087:
2086:
2050:
2049:
2013:
2012:
1976:
1975:
1939:
1938:
1902:
1901:
1865:
1864:
1828:
1827:
1791:
1790:
1754:
1753:
1717:
1716:
1680:
1679:
1643:
1642:
1606:
1605:
1053:. Its members were mostly large
961:
949:
197:
3246:1913 disestablishments in Italy
2947:
2929:
2913:
2888:
2869:
2820:
2803:
2784:
2757:
2722:
2703:
2676:
2652:
2640:
2626:
2599:
2586:
2525:
2494:
2467:
2427:
2400:
2333:
1256:In 1861, Italy was united as a
759:Italian Nationalist Association
563:Revolt Against the Modern World
543:The Rise and Fall of the Elites
3251:Centre-right parties in Europe
3115:
2314:
2297:
2270:
2253:
2226:
2199:
2184:
2169:
1334:The Piedmontese clique led by
1116:, but sometimes also with the
1083:and during the Cavour era the
1:
3201:Conservative parties in Italy
3070:
2743:10.1080/1354571X.2019.1573023
2517:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2142:
1372:The Lombardian clique led by
224:Italian school of criminology
3266:Right-wing parties in Europe
3241:1849 establishments in Italy
3231:Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
3221:Liberal conservative parties
3216:Conservative liberal parties
3025:
2668:(in Italian). Vol. 32.
2612:Chamber of Deputies of Italy
1443:Liberal Constitutional Party
1340:Gustavo Ponza di San Martino
1323:, in addition to supporting
764:Liberal Constitutional Party
739:Conservatives and Reformists
7:
3206:Monarchist parties in Italy
2897:Storia dell'Italia liberale
1242:Unification and governments
807:Foundation for Subsidiarity
10:
3282:
2060:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
2023:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1986:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1949:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1912:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1411:
1312:The Emilian clique led by
1169:Prime Minister of Sardinia
1136:
1131:
1061:and people related to the
66:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
3155:
3121:
3110:
3076:
3065:
3031:
3020:
2895:Fulvio Cammarano (2011).
2455:"Destra storica italiana"
2386:10.1080/13532940802367554
2323:"Destra storica italiana"
1548:
1536:
1533:
1526:
1498:First Italo-Ethiopian War
1408:Constitutional opposition
1357:The Tuscan clique led by
1346:parochialism, supporting
1126:Constitutional Opposition
1100:policy of abstention. In
784:People's Monarchist Party
769:Monarchist National Party
229:Italian school of elitism
151:
133:
105:
95:
87:
79:
33:
21:
3226:Liberal parties in Italy
2954:Francesco Leoni (2001).
2304:Baglioni, Guido (1973).
1545:
1542:
1539:
1380:parochialism along with
295:Catholic social teaching
179:This article is part of
2434:Pirett (October 1999).
2310:. Einaudi. p. 191.
2233:Dyson, Kenneth (2014).
1579:Camillo Benso di Cavour
1510:Italian Socialist Party
1266:Prime Minister of Italy
1173:King Victor Emmanuel II
956:Conservatism portal
135:Political position
116:Conservative liberalism
46:Camillo Benso di Cavour
3143:Conservative Catholics
2920:
2321:Treccani, ed. (2010).
2206:Sarti, Roland (2009).
1449:and Interior Minister
1429:
1253:
1148:
1027:
1015:
822:Magna Carta Foundation
573:The Rage and the Pride
407:
398:
239:
3211:Conservatism in Italy
2583:, Bari, 2004, p. 213.
1425:
1418:Liberal Union (Italy)
1412:Further information:
1249:
1202:The Liberals, led by
1144:
1104:, their goal was the
924:Immigrant criminality
779:The People of Freedom
250:Political Catholicism
190:Conservatism in Italy
2596:, Bari, 2000, p. 74.
2564:Encilopedia Treccani
2327:Dizionario di Storia
1157:Sardinian Parliament
1106:unification of Italy
891:L'Italia settimanale
553:The Mind and Society
234:Liberal conservatism
124:Classical liberalism
112:Liberal conservatism
3053:Historical Far Left
2926:historical archive.
2463:(in Italian). 2010.
2193:"La Destra storica"
1528:Chamber of Deputies
1488:, limit the rising
1251:The Count of Cavour
1197:Italian unification
1036:parliamentary group
870:Corriere della Sera
712:Monarchist Alliance
702:Identity and Action
583:The Force of Reason
255:Christian democracy
219:Italian nationalism
2829:"Ubaldino Peruzzi"
2560:"Partito Moderato"
1616:Alfonso La Marmora
1486:public expenditure
1430:
1300:, maintained with
1286:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1254:
1208:Luigi Carlo Farini
1193:Carlo Bon Compagni
1149:
1077:central government
919:European New Right
817:Machiavelli Center
812:Liberal Foundation
734:Common Man's Front
696:Future and Freedom
3188:
3187:
3151:
3150:
3106:
3105:
3061:
3060:
2878:"Cesare Correnti"
2712:"Marco Minghetti"
2140:
2139:
1520:Electoral results
1478:Felice Cavallotti
1474:Giovanni Nicotera
1434:general elections
1402:Agostino Depretis
1376:representing the
1234:group called the
1212:Giovanni Galvagno
1165:moderate movement
1161:Massimo d'Azeglio
1146:Massimo D'Azeglio
1102:foreign relations
1088:Law of Guarantees
1049:and the Southern
1004:
1003:
929:Politics of Italy
686:Brothers of Italy
174:
173:
161:Political parties
156:Politics of Italy
41:Massimo d'Azeglio
3273:
3141:
3139:
3132:Historical Right
3130:
3128:
3112:
3111:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3083:
3067:
3066:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3038:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2793:"Giovanni Lanza"
2788:
2782:
2781:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2660:Indro Montanelli
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2603:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2508:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:Di Mauro, Luca.
2188:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2016:
2015:
2007:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1653:Bettino Ricasoli
1646:
1645:
1637:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1568:
1524:
1523:
1482:Francesco Crispi
1463:Pasquale Villari
1359:Ubaldino Peruzzi
1290:Bettino Ricasoli
1040:left governments
1020:Historical Right
1018:), later called
996:
989:
982:
968:Italy portal
966:
965:
964:
954:
953:
952:
774:New Centre-Right
588:
578:
568:
558:
548:
412:
403:
388:Kingdom of Italy
373:Historical Right
300:Christian values
244:
201:
191:
176:
175:
147:
96:Merged into
51:Bettino Ricasoli
24:Historical Right
19:
18:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3102:
3098:Historical Left
3092:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3072:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2952:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2893:
2889:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2855:. p. 117.
2847:
2840:
2835:. Vol. 82.
2825:
2821:
2808:
2804:
2799:. Vol. 63.
2789:
2785:
2778:
2770:. p. 420.
2762:
2758:
2727:
2723:
2718:. Vol. 74.
2708:
2704:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2606:Cavour (1865).
2604:
2600:
2591:
2587:
2578:
2571:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2530:
2526:
2510:
2509:
2507:. Vol. 32.
2499:
2495:
2488:
2472:
2468:
2453:
2452:
2443:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2405:
2401:
2370:
2361:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2283:. p. 188.
2275:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2239:. p. 223.
2231:
2227:
2220:
2212:. p. 537.
2204:
2200:
2189:
2185:
2174:
2170:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2136:
2129:
2119:
2116:
2099:
2097:Tommaso Tittoni
2092:
2082:
2079:
2062:
2055:
2045:
2042:
2025:
2018:
2008:
2005:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1968:
1951:
1944:
1934:
1931:
1914:
1907:
1897:
1894:
1877:
1875:Silvio Spaventa
1870:
1860:
1857:
1840:
1838:Marco Minghetti
1833:
1823:
1820:
1803:
1801:Marco Minghetti
1796:
1786:
1783:
1766:
1764:Marco Minghetti
1759:
1749:
1746:
1729:
1727:Marco Minghetti
1722:
1712:
1709:
1702:156,784 (1st)
1692:
1685:
1675:
1672:
1655:
1648:
1638:
1635:
1618:
1611:
1601:
1598:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1522:
1494:Triple Alliance
1427:Marco Minghetti
1420:
1410:
1394:Marco Minghetti
1374:Cesare Correnti
1354:foreign policy.
1350:and a moderate
1314:Marco Minghetti
1298:balanced budget
1294:Marco Minghetti
1244:
1228:Urbano Rattazzi
1177:Catholic Church
1155:faction of the
1139:
1134:
1122:Austria-Hungary
1000:
962:
960:
950:
948:
941:
940:
914:
906:
905:
845:
837:
836:
832:The Republicans
797:
789:
788:
744:Direction Italy
691:Coraggio Italia
678:
670:
669:
600:
592:
591:
586:
576:
566:
556:
546:
537:
529:
528:
424:
416:
415:
383:Italian fascism
358:
350:
349:
340:Property rights
315:Italian culture
280:
272:
271:
209:
189:
170:
139:
126:
122:
118:
114:
75:
61:Marco Minghetti
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3089:
3087:Dissident Left
3077:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2946:
2928:
2912:
2905:
2887:
2884:. Vol. 3.
2868:
2861:
2838:
2819:
2816:. Vol. 2.
2802:
2783:
2776:
2756:
2737:(2): 293–323.
2721:
2702:
2695:
2689:. p. 34.
2675:
2651:
2639:
2625:
2598:
2585:
2581:Vita di Cavour
2569:
2551:
2544:
2524:
2493:
2486:
2466:
2441:
2426:
2419:
2399:
2380:(4): 381–397.
2359:
2352:
2332:
2313:
2296:
2289:
2269:
2266:. p. 703.
2252:
2245:
2225:
2218:
2198:
2183:
2168:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2134:Sidney Sonnino
2132:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:108,029 (4th)
2107:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:212,584 (3rd)
2070:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:271,698 (2nd)
2033:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:242,090 (2nd)
1996:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:263,315 (2nd)
1959:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:309,873 (2nd)
1922:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:138,854 (2nd)
1885:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:399,295 (2nd)
1848:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:353,693 (2nd)
1811:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:135,797 (2nd)
1774:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1690:Giovanni Lanza
1688:
1686:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:110,525 (1st)
1663:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:114,208 (1st)
1589:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:110,400 (1st)
1557:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:Election year
1531:
1530:
1521:
1518:
1502:Sicilian Fasci
1459:Luigi Luzzatti
1455:Sidney Sonnino
1447:Quintino Sella
1409:
1406:
1390:
1389:
1370:
1355:
1336:Giovanni Lanza
1332:
1262:House of Savoy
1243:
1240:
1220:
1219:
1200:
1185:Luigi Cibrario
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1110:British Empire
1059:industrialists
1028:Destra storica
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
991:
984:
976:
973:
972:
971:
970:
958:
943:
942:
939:
938:
937:
936:
926:
921:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
862:
857:
852:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
698:
693:
688:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
579:
569:
559:
549:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
404:
395:
390:
385:
380:
378:Italian Empire
375:
370:
368:Black nobility
365:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
290:Anti-communism
287:
281:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
264:
263:
262:
260:Ultramontanism
257:
247:
246:
245:
231:
226:
221:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
194:
193:
185:
184:
172:
171:
169:
168:
163:
158:
152:
149:
148:
137:
131:
130:
109:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
74:
73:
71:Sidney Sonnino
68:
63:
58:
56:Giovanni Lanza
53:
48:
43:
37:
35:
31:
30:
27:Destra storica
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3278:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3144:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2969:
2967:9788871884950
2963:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2906:9788842095996
2902:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2862:9788871884950
2858:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2777:9781596054486
2773:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2696:9788892105478
2692:
2688:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2629:
2614:. p. 355
2613:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2547:
2545:9780816074747
2541:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2487:9788858118290
2483:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2420:9781851099085
2416:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2353:9788858121498
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2290:9788834847916
2286:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2263:Studi storici
2256:
2248:
2246:9780191023477
2242:
2238:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2219:9780816074747
2215:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2195:. Oilproject.
2194:
2187:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1739:97,726 (2nd)
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1628:84,685 (2nd)
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1514:Liberal Union
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1467:protectionist
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:modernization
1364:
1361:representing
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:representing
1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:protectionism
1322:
1319:
1316:representing
1315:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:Southern Army
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:German Empire
1115:
1114:French Empire
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:, obligatory
1078:
1074:
1073:
1072:laissez-faire
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
997:
992:
990:
985:
983:
978:
977:
975:
974:
969:
959:
957:
947:
946:
945:
944:
935:
932:
931:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
910:
909:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
841:
840:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
793:
792:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
730:
729:
723:
722:Us with Italy
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
674:
673:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
596:
595:
585:
584:
580:
575:
574:
570:
565:
564:
560:
555:
554:
550:
545:
544:
540:
539:
533:
532:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
423:Intellectuals
420:
419:
411:
410:
405:
402:
401:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
354:
353:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
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167:
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150:
146:
142:
138:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
108:
104:
101:
100:Liberal Union
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
42:
39:
38:
36:
32:
20:
3131:
3042:Action Party
2956:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2915:
2896:
2890:
2881:
2871:
2851:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2786:
2766:
2759:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2715:
2705:
2685:
2678:
2664:
2654:
2642:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2601:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2563:
2554:
2534:
2527:
2503:
2496:
2476:
2469:
2458:
2435:
2429:
2413:. ABC-CLIO.
2409:
2402:
2377:
2374:Modern Italy
2373:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2299:
2279:
2272:
2262:
2255:
2235:
2228:
2208:
2201:
2186:
2177:
2171:
2161:
1476:and radical
1471:
1431:
1391:
1352:Francophilic
1321:parochialism
1307:
1270:conservative
1255:
1235:
1221:
1150:
1125:
1095:
1092:Pope Pius IX
1081:conscription
1070:
1044:
1019:
1007:
1005:
749:Forza Italia
727:
726:
680:
581:
571:
561:
551:
541:
400:Risorgimento
393:Papal States
372:
345:Subsidiarity
325:Metapolitics
214:Berlusconism
145:centre-right
120:Conservatism
2899:. Laterza.
1490:imperialist
1438:progressive
1386:secularists
1344:Piedmontese
1278:republicans
1097:Non Expedit
1051:aristocracy
1047:bourgeoisie
886:Il Giornale
860:Il Borghese
796:Think tanks
599:Politicians
320:Maternalism
310:Familialism
305:Clericalism
285:Agrarianism
3195:Categories
3116:Right-wing
2143:References
1469:policies.
1378:Lombardian
1348:liberalism
1260:under the
1189:La Marmora
1187:, General
1153:right-wing
1090:, causing
1067:free trade
1055:landowners
1032:right-wing
872:(formerly)
802:FareFuturo
645:Procaccini
630:De Gasperi
610:Berlusconi
536:Literature
479:Montanelli
409:Sanfedismo
335:Patriotism
330:Monarchism
279:Principles
208:Ideologies
128:Monarchism
3071:Left-wing
2922:La Stampa
2751:151209326
2592:Hearder,
2513:cite book
2394:144016171
2043:116 / 508
1969:104 / 508
1858:145 / 508
1821:147 / 508
1784:171 / 508
1710:276 / 508
1673:233 / 508
1636:151 / 493
1599:183 / 443
1567:342 / 443
1382:centrists
1302:austerity
934:Socialism
901:La VeritĂ
881:Il Foglio
855:L'Armonia
850:Annabella
827:New Italy
717:Lega Nord
665:Tatarella
605:Andreotti
524:Taparelli
464:Longanesi
429:Bresciani
241:Liberismo
166:Elections
88:Dissolved
3026:Far-left
2941:Treccani
2662:(1977).
2460:Treccani
2117:44 / 508
2080:76 / 508
2006:99 / 508
1932:93 / 508
1895:48 / 508
1747:94 / 508
1274:radicals
1272:as many
1236:Connubio
1232:centrist
1120:against
1112:and the
1063:military
650:Salandra
615:Cacciari
514:Salandra
474:Margotti
459:Lombroso
454:Leopardi
449:Giubilei
267:Populism
181:a series
107:Ideology
2670:Rizzoli
2579:Romeo,
1549:Leader
1506:Kassala
1329:Germany
1318:Emilian
1284:led by
1258:Kingdom
1226:led by
1137:Origins
1132:History
1085:secular
1024:Italian
1012:Italian
1010:group (
913:Related
865:Candido
728:Defunct
677:Parties
655:Salvini
625:Forlani
509:Reghini
489:Mughini
469:Maistre
357:History
80:Founded
34:Leaders
3140:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3095:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3037:
2964:
2903:
2859:
2774:
2749:
2693:
2618:25 May
2594:Cavour
2542:
2484:
2417:
2392:
2350:
2287:
2243:
2216:
1543:Seats
1537:Votes
1363:Tuscan
1204:Cavour
1016:Destra
896:Libero
700:
681:Active
635:Meloni
587:(2004)
577:(2001)
567:(1934)
557:(1916)
547:(1900)
499:Pareto
494:Papini
141:Centre
2747:S2CID
2390:S2CID
2075:13.9
2038:21.4
2001:19.4
1964:21.6
1927:18.3
1853:27.9
1816:28.9
1779:37.9
1742:28.2
1705:53.6
1668:37.2
1631:39.2
1594:41.2
1562:46.1
1008:Right
876:Epoca
844:Media
660:Sogno
519:Sogno
484:Mosca
439:Evola
434:Cuoco
2962:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2857:ISBN
2772:ISBN
2691:ISBN
2620:2014
2540:ISBN
2519:link
2482:ISBN
2415:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2241:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2112:5.9
2105:1909
2068:1904
2031:1900
1994:1897
1957:1895
1920:1892
1890:9.4
1883:1890
1846:1886
1809:1882
1772:1880
1735:1876
1698:1874
1661:1870
1624:1867
1587:1865
1555:1861
1546:+/–
1461:and
1416:and
1398:Left
1384:and
1338:and
1292:and
1276:and
1224:Left
1210:and
1191:and
1069:and
1006:The
707:Lega
640:Pera
620:Fini
504:Pera
444:Gini
91:1913
83:1849
2739:doi
2382:doi
1758:182
1610:159
1171:by
1094:'s
143:to
3197::
2939:.
2880:.
2841:^
2831:.
2795:.
2745:.
2735:24
2733:.
2714:.
2610:.
2572:^
2562:.
2538:.
2515:}}
2511:{{
2480:.
2457:.
2444:^
2388:.
2378:13
2376:.
2362:^
2346:.
2325:.
2151:^
2128:32
2091:20
2054:17
1980:11
1943:45
1906:97
1832:24
1795:77
1721:43
1684:82
1647:32
1540:%
1457:,
1206:,
1128:.
1057:,
1026::
1014::
183:on
3001:e
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2780:.
2753:.
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2672:.
2649:.
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2423:.
2396:.
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2356:.
2329:.
2293:.
2249:.
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