560:
2101:: "We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. An intellect which at a certain moment would know all forces that set nature in motion, and all positions of all items of which nature is composed, if this intellect were also vast enough to submit these data to analysis, it would embrace in a single formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the tiniest atom; for such an intellect, nothing would be uncertain and the future, just like the past, would be present before its eyes." A similar view had earlier been presented in 1763 by
1464:
2034:: "ime is infinite, but the things in time, the concrete bodies, are finite. They may indeed disperse into the smallest particles; but these particles, the atoms, have their determinate numbers, and the numbers of the configurations which, all of themselves, are formed out of them are also determinate. Now, however long a time may pass, according to the eternal laws governing the combinations of this eternal play of repetition, all configurations which have previously existed on this earth must yet meet, attract, repulse, kiss, and corrupt each other again..."
351:
1521:
7122:
8819:
7835:
1395:
4427:
89:
833:
647:
8829:
33:
6591:
240:
723:
and become corrupted by luxury, extravagance, and leisure. The ruler, who can no longer rely on fierce warriors for his defense, will have to raise extortionate taxes to pay for other sorts of soldiers, and this in turn may lead to further problems that result in the eventual downfall of his dynasty
584:
when states have arrived at their greatest perfection, they soon begin to decline. In the same manner, having been reduced by disorder and sunk to their utmost state of depression, unable to descend lower, they, of necessity, reascend, and thus from good they gradually decline to evil and from evil
1493:
and ended after the war. The
British novel was then some 225 pages long and centered on narrower subjects such as career setbacks or marriage setbacks: the British novel's "great tradition" increasingly looked depleted. Ascendance, according to Amis, had passed to the United States, and Americans
641:
Whoever considers the past and the present will readily observe that all cities and all peoples ... ever have been animated by the same desires and the same passions; so that it is easy, by diligent study of the past, to foresee what is likely to happen in the future in any republic, and to
1415:
Her dispatches were not first drafts of history; they were letters from eternity. ... To see history – at least the history of war – in terms of people is to see it not as a linear process but as a series of terrible repetitions ... It is her ability to capture ... the terrible
975:
wrote that "whatever can happen to man has happened so often that little remains for fancy or invention" and that people are "all prompted by the same motives, all deceived by the same fallacies, all animated by hope, obstructed by danger, entangled by desire, and seduced by pleasure".
360:
G. W. Trompf notes that most western concepts of historic recurrence imply that "the past teaches lessons for ... future action"—that "the same ... sorts of events which have happened before ... will recur". One such recurring theme was early offered by
5885:
4112:, vol. LXVI, no. 2 (February 7, 2019), pp. 8–10. Bulmer-Thomas writes: "Imperial retreat is not the same as national decline, as many other countries can attest. Indeed, imperial retreat can strengthen the nation-state just as imperial expansion can weaken it." (
788:
has identified four waves in
European history, each of some 150–200 years' duration. Each wave begins with prosperity, leading to inflation, inequality, rebellion and war, and resolving in a long period of equilibrium. For example, 18th-century inflation led to the
7971:
1391:, which makes clear, on the basis of recently declassified documents, that it was a matter of sheer chance that war was averted during the Cuban Missile Crisis: numerous events, had they taken a slightly different course, could each have precipitated nuclear war.
1700:: politicians lie to cover up their mistakes, to gain advantage over their opponents, or to achieve purposes that might be unpalatable or harmful to their public or to a foreign public. Some notable practitioners of political mendacity discussed by Mount include
7326:
734:, experience a political midlife crisis: after a period of expansion in which all earlier goals are realized, overconfidence sets in, and governments are then likely to attack or threaten their strongest rival; Goldstein cites four examples: the
5931:
5919:
3073:
1416:
futility of this sameness that makes
Gellhorn's reportage so genuinely timeless. e are ... drawn... into the undertow of her distraught awareness that this moment, in its essence, has happened before and will happen again.
3390:
334:. It holds that because human nature does not change, the same sort of events can recur at any time." "Other minor cases of recurrence thinking", he writes, "include the isolation of any two specific events which bear a very
326:
of historic recurrence, including paradigms that view types of large-scale historic phenomena variously as "cyclical"; "fluctuant"; "reciprocal"; "re-enacted"; or "revived". He also notes "he view proceeding from a belief in
6316:
491:, in its western and eastern sectors, had become a contending ground between contestants for power, while outside powers acquired an advantage. In Rome's decay, Zosimus saw history repeating itself in its general movements.
6558:
7321:
5907:
8040:
1196:
observes: "Wars often don't end until both sides have exhausted themselves and become convinced that they are better off coexisting with their enemies than pursuing a futile effort to destroy them."
2193:
writes: "Imperial retreat is not the same as national decline, as many other countries can attest. Indeed, imperial retreat can strengthen the nation-state just as imperial expansion can weaken it."
7477:
7117:
6586:
7517:
5704:
6693:
8535:
7910:
1337:
7922:
5902:
1325:, at enormous expense, despite their clear vulnerability to attack, because their construction creates civilian jobs and because, says Stephen Wrage, political science teacher at the
1540:(1975), ... create a composite character: a mythical, unnamed autocrat who has held sway, seemingly forever, over an invented Caribbean country akin to Costaguana in Joseph Conrad's
7966:
1085:, was reputedly facilitated by the natives' identification of Cook with Lono, who had left Hawaii, promising to return on a floating island, evoked by Cook's ship under full sail.
7635:
6688:
6321:
5880:
3422:
Laura Grego and David Wright, "Broken Shield: Missiles designed to destroy incoming nuclear warheads fail frequently in tests and could increase global risk of mass destruction",
6603:
8120:
8096:
8064:
7954:
8108:
8003:
940:
believes that history is not just about the past because it is constantly recurring, and not as farce, as Marx had it, but as itself: "The world", writes
Michnik, "is full of
1447:
posits that
Quentin represents Faulkner's view of tragedy as recurrence. "Again" was the saddest word for the character and the author alike because it "suggests that what
6707:
6304:
8167:
5672:
7436:
6013:
1282:, of "the self-protective tendency to favor the status quo over a potentially disruptive scenario one has not witnessed personally." While it was clear from the laws of
8349:
5868:
8395:
8162:
7580:
5202:
6328:
6218:
5926:
5718:
43:
8377:
7100:
1344:, which in 1945 destroyed two Japanese cities, have on several occasions come close to destroying more of the world's cities, and could still do so in future.
218:, traces historically recurring patterns of political thought and behavior in the west since antiquity. If history has lessons to impart, they are to be found
8172:
6285:
6136:
6119:
4091:
3118:
8669:
7235:
7462:
2503:
1104:, foolhardily, with only a few men, confronted the natives after some individuals took one of Cook's small boats, and Cook and four of his men were killed.
6380:
5593:
2907:, selected and edited by Philip Edwards, London, Folio Society, three volumes and a chart of the voyages, 1,309 pp.; and William Frame with Laura Walker,
8147:
7674:
7285:
7161:
5363:
2001:
is sole and solitary, but is merely a repetition of a thing which has happened before, and perhaps often." (A "repeat occurrence" is the definition of "
775:
6726:
2080:
G.W. Trompf writes: "The idea of exact recurrence... was rarely incorporated into... these views, for in the main they simply presume the recurrence of
6671:
4195:
3511:
2220:
6743:
8663:
6951:
6731:
642:
apply those remedies that were used by the ancients, or not finding any that were employed by them, to devise new ones from the similarity of events.
8675:
8152:
8045:
8008:
7809:
6598:
2358:
1329:, "Historically, the top leadership of military organizations has not abandoned obsolete prestige weapons until compelled to do so by a calamity."
7988:
7723:
4944:
4358:
8307:
4182:, "Dead in the Water: Aircraft carriers are costly and vulnerable to attack. And they employ workers in more than 364 congressional districts",
3316:, "Dead in the Water: Aircraft carriers are costly and vulnerable to attack. And they employ workers in more than 364 congressional districts",
1589:
as the third member of this atrocious trio ... the next phase, the age of military coups (1950–1990) he main representatives ... are
54:
8202:
7786:
7698:
6006:
257:", or "eternal recurrence"). Western philosophers and historians who have discussed various concepts of historic recurrence include the Greek
148:
duration this cannot be strictly true. In this interpretation of recurrence, as opposed perhaps to the
Nietzschean interpretation, there is no
8525:
8297:
8157:
7944:
7441:
6196:
3202:
7362:
5967:
459:) could see the writing on the Roman wall, and asserted that empires fell due to internal disunity. He gave examples from the histories of
463:
and
Macedonia. In the case of each empire, growth had resulted from consolidation against an external enemy; Rome herself, in response to
8284:
7890:
7559:
7261:
6712:
6186:
1482:
1192:; until at last, exhausted by conflicts and drained of resources, the once militant polities settle into a relatively peaceful habitus.
8469:
8137:
8091:
7730:
7027:
6279:
5730:
3837:
2826:
3032:"Avoiding crimes of obedience: A comparative study of the autobiographies of M. K. Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and Martin Luther King, Jr"
8086:
8081:
7776:
6446:
4299:, "The Electroshock Novelist: The Alluring Bad Boy of Literary England Has Always Been Fascinated by Britain's Dustbin Empire. Now
4167:
4147:
3946:
3735:
3715:
3197:
2869:
2248:"he was more skeptical of the recommendations which came to him from the experts", most of whom now advised invading or bombing Cuba.
2203:
1573:"with comparable strategies of control and mendacity". Ben-Ghiat divides the narrative into three – at times, overlapping – periods:
7978:
5709:
4431:
8799:
7386:
7085:
5588:
4458:
7640:
8540:
8015:
7522:
7357:
7171:
7095:
6683:
5784:
1777:
1677:
engineered coups that led to both ... lording it over their lands, and the agency can also be linked to
Pinochet's military
7537:
6553:
8439:
8125:
8113:
8101:
8069:
7983:
7959:
7927:
7915:
7616:
7598:
7549:
7203:
6491:
5794:
4777:
2017:, in his poetry, "declare belief... that all history is mere iteration ('Age after age shall be/As age after age has been')..."
1455:
is never over", Gorra writes, pointing out that the racism that ensnared
Faulkner in the last century persists in th ... "
889:
One of the recurrence patterns identified by G. W. Trompf involves "the isolation of any two specific events which bear a very
342:, that is, with resemblances, both general and precise, between separate sets of historical phenomena" (emphasis in original).
8635:
8474:
7885:
6944:
5873:
4087:
4035:
3983:
3928:, "The Strange Resurrection of the Two-State Solution: How an Unimaginable War Could Bring About the Only Imaginable Peace",
3151:, "The Strange Resurrection of the Two-State Solution: How an Unimaginable War Could Bring About the Only Imaginable Peace",
3114:
2980:
1916:
17:
4049:
8620:
8464:
8232:
7771:
7740:
7210:
7141:
6857:
6793:
6771:
6452:
5695:
4975:
2005:".) A similar thought of uncertain attribution has been ascribed to Twain: "History does not repeat itself, but it rhymes."
5723:
2210:
base and lifestyle are not made by about 2030—within a dozen years—civilization on planet Earth will become unsalvageable.
7750:
7528:
7406:
7396:
7186:
7032:
6867:
6069:
5799:
5749:
4491:
8076:
6309:
1383:, a knowledge of how humans act under pressure, or experience of government." Apposite evidence for this is provided in
8630:
7705:
7467:
6830:
6612:
6151:
4103:
3130:
7105:
8312:
7215:
7181:
7166:
6161:
6001:
5996:
5984:
5447:
4361:: In English, Then in French, and Then Clawed Back into a Civilized Language Once More by Patient, Unremunerated Toil
4347:
4276:
Social and
Cultural Dynamics: a Study of Change in Major Systems of Art, Truth, Ethics, Law, and Social Relationships
4245:
4223:
4045:
3993:
3905:
3784:
3367:
3082:
2725:
2659:
2473:
2436:
2178:
1184:
Over history, confrontations between peoples – typically, geographical neighbors – help consolidate the peoples into
876:
225:
Historic recurrences of the "striking-similarity" type can sometimes induce a sense of "convergence", "resonance" or
72:
7269:
6252:
1613:. Finally, starting in 1990 the ... cycle of new authoritarians, who win elections and proceed to degrade the
858:
8212:
7838:
7554:
7230:
7193:
7066:
6937:
5767:
5762:
5421:
2652:
The Social Organism: A Short History of the Idea that a Human Society May Be Regarded as a Gigantic Living Creature
1952:
7391:
7337:
7198:
5757:
5598:
1155:
outsider – was unprepared for an extended winter campaign, yet invaded the Russian Empire's Soviet
1127:'s financial viability, ultimately bequeathing the jewelry to fund the purchase of books for Stanford University.
8832:
8254:
7297:
7279:
7112:
6803:
5772:
5625:
5155:
4773:
2494:
1877:
631:
as remarkably stable—steady enough for the formulation of rules of political behavior. Machiavelli wrote in his
6114:
8434:
8426:
8389:
8371:
8192:
8025:
7880:
7735:
7683:
7656:
7418:
7015:
6813:
6624:
6479:
6191:
6146:
6131:
5655:
4271:
3403:
2219:
Nuclear weapons continue to be equally hazardous to their owners as to their potential targets. Under the 1970
843:
580:
politics between 1434 and 1494, described recurrent oscillations between "order" and "disorder" within states:
160:
5207:
1079:
8530:
8498:
8421:
8227:
7254:
7146:
7020:
6141:
6064:
6018:
4713:
3958:
2371:
2353:
2064:
2027:
1489:, British novels were large and tried to express what society as a whole was. British power waned during the
1432:
319:(social cohesion or group unity) plays an important role in a kingdom's or dynasty's cycle of rise and fall.
7934:
7590:
559:
8721:
8583:
8400:
8030:
7998:
7487:
6639:
5699:
4530:
4451:
4373:
4250:
4204:
4114:
4108:
3829:
3686:
3660:
3634:
3608:
3582:
3520:
3442:
3372:
3271:
3233:
3135:
2913:
2847:
2730:
2318:
2276:
2153:
as "undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever been created by any mind in any time or place."
1872:
1653:
Dorfman notes the absence, from Ben-Ghiat's study, of many authoritarian rulers, including communists like
1268:-minded, tend to doubt what has not been presented by their own senses or by unquestioned authorities, and
7347:
6399:
99:
is sole and solitary, but is merely a repetition of a thing which has happened before, and perhaps often."
8792:
8625:
8491:
8383:
8361:
7564:
7532:
7482:
7290:
7240:
7131:
6872:
6634:
6510:
6504:
6485:
5690:
5519:
5402:
4949:
3790:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1246:
1222:, World War I, that was on the way and would destroy an appreciable part of mankind; and polities ignore
414:
7008:
6661:
999:
417:—anticipated Rome's eventual decay. He thus implied the idea of recurring decay in the history of world
8854:
8712:
8589:
8566:
8451:
8354:
8292:
8264:
7900:
7713:
7446:
7220:
6877:
6808:
6463:
6333:
6262:
5407:
5241:
5231:
398:
269:
7669:
6617:
6548:
6438:
3220:
8737:
8647:
7993:
6345:
5826:
5368:
5197:
4849:
2181:
displays a painting of Jane Stanford's jewelry, commissioned prior to the jewelry's anticipated sale.
1852:
1845:
1755:
6736:
4401:
471:, had risen to great-power status within a mere five decades. With Rome's world dominion, however,
8732:
7512:
7492:
7049:
6983:
6818:
6393:
5863:
5650:
5607:
5398:
5095:
4368:
2842:
1905:
1859:
807:
suggests that human conscience evolved as a duality: people are driven to protect members of their
6847:
1882:
1451:
has simply gone on happening, a cycle of repetition that replays itself, forever." ... "What
47:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
8859:
8822:
8727:
8222:
7664:
6901:
6840:
6766:
6629:
6410:
6166:
5979:
5974:
5952:
5914:
5894:
5528:
5524:
5341:
5214:
5177:
5160:
4980:
4444:
4322:
2579:
1790:
1481:
published; according to Amis, novels follow current political trends. In the Victorian era, when
1362:
854:
401:(c. 60 BCE – after 7 BCE), while praising Rome at the expense of her predecessors—
7039:
7003:
1646:
1513:
Novelists and historians have discerned recurrent patterns in the histories of modern political
8556:
8508:
8503:
7472:
7426:
7275:
6781:
6235:
6208:
6178:
6042:
5989:
5806:
5682:
5577:
5417:
5412:
5270:
5236:
5224:
5219:
5182:
5132:
4990:
4970:
4656:
4601:
4363:, illustrated by F. Strothman, New York and London, Harper & Brothers, Publishers, MCMIII.
4172:
3951:
3808:
3740:
3215:
2874:
2059:
1838:
1178:
812:
680:
8035:
6290:
3074:
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000
3031:
1459:
That's precisely why Faulkner remains so valuable – that very recurrence makes him necessary."
569:
563:
277:
8680:
8571:
8551:
8416:
8366:
8259:
8249:
7939:
7905:
7814:
6825:
6563:
6458:
6385:
6257:
5660:
5377:
5331:
5326:
5275:
4939:
4920:
4736:
4631:
4233:
3917:
3911:
3879:
3874:
2768:
2763:
2713:
2224:
1969:
1899:
1670:
1231:
992:
918:
850:
785:
50:
8484:
7895:
7431:
4140:
The Assault on Truth: Boris Johnson, Donald Trump and the Emergence of a New Moral Barbarism
3708:
The Assault on Truth: Boris Johnson, Donald Trump and the Emergence of a New Moral Barbarism
1682:
1463:
1096:, foolhardily, with only four dozen men, confronted 1,500 natives who defied his attempt to
779:
8767:
8244:
7585:
7302:
6657:
6497:
6230:
6106:
6077:
5848:
5510:
5484:
5431:
5265:
5192:
5037:
5002:
4956:
4924:
4802:
4516:
4075:
4061:
3102:
2968:
2405:
2292:
2245:
2190:
2116:
2094:
1812:
1742:
1569:, documents the "viral recurrence" around the world, over the past century, of despots and
1333:
961:
804:
755:
527:
204:
125:
Hypothetically, in the extreme, the concept of historic recurrence assumes the form of the
6538:
1910:
1138:
outsider – was unprepared for an extended winter campaign, yet invaded the
1112:
1003:
295:
An eastern concept that bears a kinship to western concepts of historic recurrence is the
249:
Ancient western thinkers who had thought about recurrence had largely been concerned with
8:
8561:
7307:
6721:
6428:
6124:
5248:
5007:
4641:
4606:
4509:
3424:
3410:
3296:
3286:
2743:
2048:
1927:
1124:
1015:
727:
507:
448:
390:
285:
273:
138:
8059:
7629:
7044:
6748:
5356:
4364:
1477:
observes that recurring patterns of imperial ascendance-and-decline are mirrored in the
717:. But within a few generations, writes Ibn Khaldun, the victorious tribesmen lose their
8787:
8782:
8717:
8600:
8513:
8344:
8020:
7352:
7136:
6201:
6156:
5515:
5471:
5426:
5049:
4995:
4916:
4487:
4340:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought, from Antiquity to the Reformation
4317:
4211:
3886:
3437:
3391:
Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety
2574:
2461:
2164:
2098:
2044:
1610:
1367:
1326:
1212:
1093:
1089:
1041:
519:
441:
258:
200:
145:
6057:
2002:
1355:
power generation) have been denied or minimized by power interests, as the dangers of
541:(384–322 BCE), would recur centuries later in the works of the French philosopher and
8605:
8459:
8207:
7504:
6515:
6354:
5779:
5538:
5477:
5436:
5253:
5138:
5074:
4985:
4962:
4906:
4814:
4547:
4380:
4343:
4328:
4312:
4241:
4219:
4191:
4163:
4143:
4099:
4083:
4041:
4020:
Gambling with Armageddon: Nuclear Roulette from Hiroshima to the Cuban Missile Crisis
4015:
4011:
3989:
3942:
3901:
3780:
3731:
3711:
3507:
3490:
Gambling with Armageddon: Nuclear Roulette from Hiroshima to the Cuban Missile Crisis
3485:
3481:
3464:
Gambling with Armageddon: Nuclear Roulette from Hiroshima to the Cuban Missile Crisis
3459:
3455:
3399:
3363:
3126:
3110:
3078:
3051:
3015:
2998:
2976:
2865:
2721:
2655:
2569:
2469:
2432:
2236:
One of the many factors that fortuitously combined to avert Armageddon was President
2142:
1958:
1942:
1721:
1709:
1618:
1404:
1384:
1216:
1164:
1108:
698:
394:
354:
300:
289:
281:
176:
4278:, Boston, Porter Sargent Publishing, 1957, reprinted 1985 by Transaction Publishers.
3182:
Joshua Busby, "Warming World: Why Climate Change Matters More Than Anything Else",
1685:
would also have been an instructive example to include in Ruth Ben-Ghiat's study of
902:
553:
8772:
8479:
8302:
8278:
8239:
7819:
6976:
6366:
6225:
6213:
5505:
5465:
5460:
5285:
5172:
5107:
4934:
4929:
4911:
4769:
4570:
4523:
4257:
4184:
4121:
4031:
3774:
3769:
3318:
3166:
3043:
3010:
2805:
2426:
2421:
1783:
1598:
1586:
1551:
1424:
1322:
1287:
1200:
995:
957:
894:
800:
422:
192:
172:
6094:
4397:
4014:, "This Close; The day the Cuban missile crisis almost went nuclear" (a review of
3484:, "This Close; The day the Cuban missile crisis almost went nuclear" (a review of
3458:, "This Close; The day the Cuban missile crisis almost went nuclear" (a review of
2943:
1051:
8197:
7804:
7378:
7054:
6418:
6240:
6025:
5789:
5615:
5260:
4575:
4155:
4131:
3930:
3723:
3699:
3351:
3237:
3184:
3153:
2507:
2499:
2237:
2102:
2053:
2014:
1964:
1817:
1795:
1713:
1693:
1638:
1594:
1408:
1398:
1372:
1356:
1341:
1291:
1261:
1156:
1116:
988:
traces the similarities between pairs of a Roman and a Greek historical figure.
790:
706:
694:
549:
531:
484:
426:
304:
196:
180:
144:
While it is often remarked that "history repeats itself", in cycles of less than
6298:
4200:
Yours, for Probably Always: Martha Gellhorn's Letters of Love and War, 1930–1949
3516:
Yours, for Probably Always: Martha Gellhorn's Letters of Love and War, 1930–1949
1630:
8578:
8269:
7688:
7316:
7312:
6963:
6581:
6520:
6360:
5831:
5665:
5453:
5441:
5127:
5012:
4688:
4673:
4663:
4565:
4467:
4229:
4024:
3862:
3848:
3820:
3762:
3760:, "Demon-driven: The bigoted views and brilliant fiction of William Faulkner",
3677:
3651:
3625:
3599:
3573:
3538:
3536:, "Demon-driven: The bigoted views and brilliant fiction of William Faulkner",
3494:
3468:
3385:
2709:
2309:
2130:
2068:
2031:
1947:
1932:
1866:
1827:
1805:
1800:
1634:
1622:
1606:
1558:
1486:
1279:
1253:
1243:
1174:
1139:
1062:
was reputedly facilitated by the natives' identification of him with their god
984:
972:
897:
observed that "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
771:
767:
735:
731:
620:
460:
456:
254:
134:
126:
8518:
3047:
2227:
are supposed to work toward the elimination of nuclear weapons from the world.
8848:
8658:
8610:
8052:
7678:
5841:
5165:
5146:
5090:
5044:
5032:
5027:
5022:
4876:
4871:
4748:
4741:
4405:
4296:
4071:
3856:
3816:
3803:
3673:
3647:
3621:
3595:
3569:
3551:
3395:
3347:
3254:
3098:
3055:
2322:, vol. LXVI, no. 19 (5 December 2019), pp. 29, 32–34. (Quotation from p. 32.)
2305:
1974:
1922:
1894:
1729:
1705:
1701:
1642:
1570:
1566:
1546:. To portray him, García Márquez drew upon a motley cohort of Latin American
1499:
1436:
1348:
1275:
1257:
1239:
1227:
1160:
1120:
1101:
1011:
794:
759:
743:
545:
382:
370:
308:
130:
111:
2067:
suggests that Nietzsche may have encountered the concept in the writings of
110:. The concept of historic recurrence has variously been applied to overall
6776:
6423:
6245:
6088:
5944:
5393:
5351:
5280:
5017:
4902:
4856:
4844:
4787:
4753:
4179:
4135:
4037:
Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends.
3978:
3968:
3925:
3703:
3313:
3262:
3244:, Spring 2021 edition, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2021.
3148:
3068:
2785:
2241:
1772:
1717:
1626:
1490:
1208:
1193:
1148:
1097:
1063:
1059:
965:
937:
910:
751:
709:
and military prowess puts urban dwellers at their mercy. Inspired often by
628:
595:(valor and political effectiveness) produces peace, peace brings idleness (
511:
488:
430:
386:
330:
250:
227:
4216:
Challenging the Mandate of Heaven: Social Protest and State Power in China
2466:
Challenging the Mandate of Heaven: Social Protest and State Power in China
1662:
1100:
them and was killed. On 14 February 1779, English explorer James Cook, on
393:
challenges that they face, would be picked up two thousand years later by
350:
152:. Recurrences take place due to ascertainable circumstances and chains of
8777:
7059:
6701:
6677:
6047:
6035:
5957:
5533:
5346:
5150:
4886:
4834:
4809:
4792:
4731:
4300:
4284:
3999:
3796:
3446:, vol. LXVII, no. 13 (20 August 2020), pp. 19–21. (Quotation from p. 20.)
3357:
2900:
2489:
1888:
1665:, and the three Kims of North Korea. Nor is there mention of Indonesia's
1520:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1474:
1467:
1394:
1376:
1352:
1315:
1303:
1168:
1123:
attempted, after his 1893 death, to sell her personal jewelry to restore
1025:
953:
763:
747:
739:
670:
651:
542:
472:
362:
312:
188:
149:
7949:
2917:, vol. LXVI, no. 2 (February 7, 2019), p. 19 (total review: pp. 18–20).
1375:, observes that "owerful reasons to doubt that there could be a limited
1181:
worked to liberate his compatriots by peaceful means and was shot dead.
1177:
worked to liberate his compatriots by peaceful means and was shot dead;
1111:, dying in 1399, bequeathed her personal jewelry for the restoration of
8615:
7622:
7265:
6835:
5497:
5085:
4839:
4797:
4783:
4651:
4636:
4353:
4151:
4004:
3719:
2973:
Captain Cook: The Life, Death and Legacy of History's Greatest Explorer
2926:
2272:
1994:
1766:
1725:
1067:
1066:, who had been predicted to return that very year; and English Captain
941:
917:
remarks somewhere that all facts and personages of great importance in
906:
624:
208:
184:
168:
92:
4080:
Empire in Retreat: The Past, Present, and Future of the United States
3107:
Empire in Retreat: The Past, Present, and Future of the United States
646:
7542:
6666:
6543:
6373:
5856:
5187:
4866:
4861:
4824:
4819:
4683:
4626:
4611:
4480:
4409:
4408:
about the history of the world, reflecting the ebb and flow of human
3757:
3533:
3524:, vol. LXVII, no. 15 (8 October 2020), pp. 29–31. (Quotation, p. 31.)
2148:
1748:
1614:
1578:
1420:
1311:
1265:
1235:
1223:
1219:
1045:
949:
898:
675:
538:
452:
433:
316:
239:
153:
1144:
861:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
8217:
6960:
4881:
4829:
4305:
4288:
4126:
The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations
3867:
3556:
1821:
1761:
1697:
1602:
1590:
1547:
1542:
1204:
1131:
1075:
1021:
979:
808:
710:
702:
689:
573:
535:
495:
476:
464:
378:
366:
323:
266:
262:
243:
122:, and to any two specific events which bear a striking similarity.
3664:, vol. LXVIII, no. 9 (27 May 2021), pp. 25–27. (Quotation, p. 25.)
3612:, vol. LXVIII, no. 9 (27 May 2021), pp. 25–27. (Quotation, p. 25.)
2206:
published a report stating that, if drastic changes in the global
2114:
This sense is somewhat suggested, in popular culture, by the film
1142:, precipitating the fall of the French Empire; and in 1941 German
619:, and from this, glory and good fortune. Machiavelli, as had the
534:
metaphor, which has been traced back to the Greek philosopher and
88:
4668:
4646:
4596:
4500:
4436:
4426:
3267:
The Heat Will Kill You First: Life and Death on a Scorched Planet
1832:
1666:
1380:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1269:
1152:
1135:
1033:
1007:
945:
922:
770:
is suffering a political midlife crisis have been put forward by
659:
503:
480:
402:
164:
107:
5101:
4678:
4591:
4413:
3157:, vol. 103, no. 2 (March/April 2024), pp. 8–12, 14–22. (p. 22.)
2207:
1678:
1658:
1582:
1514:
1428:
1189:
1185:
1071:
1055:
933:
714:
523:
515:
499:
468:
418:
410:
389:
flourish or fail according to their responses to the human and
119:
115:
1696:
brings attention to the ubiquitous recurrence of mendacity in
1577:
The era of fascist takeovers runs from 1919 and the ascent of
921:
occur, as it were, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as
199:; and, in the form of observations rigorously studied via the
5736:
5633:
5494:
4616:
4096:
Republic in Peril: American Empire and the Liberal Tradition
3123:
Republic in Peril: American Empire and the Liberal Tradition
2931:
Exalted Sits the Chief: The Ancient History of Hawai'i Island
2281:. Illustrated by F. Strothman. Harper & Bros. p. 64.
1478:
1299:
1037:
1029:
926:
914:
684:
655:
577:
406:
296:
4621:
3880:
The Great Wave: Price Revolutions and the Rhythm of History
2769:
The Great Wave: Price Revolutions and the Rhythm of History
1252:
Humans tend to behave in accordance with the principles of
1082:
666:
437:
374:
44:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
3690:, vol. LXVIII, no. 9 (27 May 2021), pp. 25–27. (P. 26–27.)
1044:'s 1588 attempted conquest of England was frustrated by a
589:
Machiavelli accounts for this oscillation by arguing that
3986:: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000
3407:
3139:, vol. LXVI, no. 2 (February 7, 2019), pp. 8–10. (p. 10.)
2084:
of events, or... event-types, -complexes, and -patterns."
1674:
1654:
1617:
that brought them to power. Ben-Ghiat primarily dissects
1290:" in Earth's atmosphere must eventually cause disastrous
421:—an idea that was to be developed by the Greek historian
373:; c. 135–51 BCE), who argued that dissipation of the old
7084:
1014:, was murdered at the behest of his former friend, King
487:, good rulers had alternated with tyrannical ones. The
451:(also called "Zosimus the Historian"; fl. 490s–510s: a
8378:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
4385:
Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States
3638:, vol. LXVIII, no. 9 (27 May 2021), pp. 25–27. (P. 25.)
2860:
Freya Johnston, "'I'm coming, my Tetsie!'" (review of
514:: this metaphor was offered, in varying iterations, by
4056:
Multiple Discovery: The Pattern of Scientific Progress
3937:
Freya Johnston, "'I'm coming, my Tetsie!'" (review of
3934:, vol. 103, no. 2 (March/April 2024), pp. 8–12, 14–22.
730:
suggests that empires, analogously to an individual's
129:, which has been written about in various forms since
8670:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
4254:, vol. LXVI, no. 2 (February 7, 2019), pp. 23–24, 26.
1997:
writes of "a favorite theory of mine—to wit, that no
1167:
outsider), thus precipitating the fall of the German
7518:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
3376:, vol. LXV, no. 1 (18 January 2018), pp. 13–15.
3275:, vol. LXXI, no. 8 (9 May 2024), pp. 40–42. (p. 41.)
2936:
2695:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2682:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2636:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2623:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2610:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2597:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2558:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2541:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2535:
2533:
2521:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2450:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2394:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2338:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
2267:
2265:
1359:
have been denied or minimized by tobacco interests.
1310:, people were easily lulled into complacency by the
303:, by which an unjust ruler will lose the support of
216:
The Idea of Historical Recurrence in Western Thought
118:), to repetitive patterns in the history of a given
4377:, vol. LXII, no. 6 (April 2, 2015), pp. 73–75.
4232:, "The Otherworldliness of Ibn Khaldun" (review of
2712:, "The Otherworldliness of Ibn Khaldun" (review of
2240:'s earlier experience involving Cuba: according to
7478:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
7336:
5118:
4342:, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1979,
3542:, 30 November 2020, pp. 87–91. (Quotation: p. 90.)
2878:, vol. 41, no. 9 (9 May 2019), pp. 17-19. (p. 19.)
2221:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
1340:; and people ignore warnings about the dangers of
548:(1798–1857), the English philosopher and polymath
8136:
4208:, vol. LXVII, no. 15 (8 October 2020), pp. 29–31.
3891:Long Cycles: Prosperity and War in the Modern Age
2748:Long Cycles: Prosperity and War in the Modern Age
2530:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2359:Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist
2262:
811:, and to hate and fight enemies who belong to an
8846:
3963:Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist
2376:Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist
8702:
4945:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
3941:, edited by David Womersley, Oxford, May 2018,
3413:episode, likewise titled "Command and Control".
3036:Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology
3029:
2864:, edited by David Womersley, Oxford, May 2018,
2293:"History Does Not Repeat Itself, But It Rhymes"
1441:The Saddest Words: William Faulkner's Civil War
1272:to not act unless compelled by circumstances.
530:(between 325 and 330 CE – after 391 CE). This
265:(c. 200 – c. 118 BCE), the Greek historian and
3833:, vol. LXVIII, no. 9 (27 May 2021), pp. 25–27.
3586:, vol. LXVIII, no. 9 (27 May 2021), pp. 25–27.
3406:. The book became the basis for a 2-hour 2017
3259:Fire Weather: A True Story from a Hotter World
2381:
8526:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
8396:Western European colonialism and colonization
6945:
4452:
3920:: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History
3772:, chapter 2: "Physics before Boltzmann", in
3428:, vol. 320, no. no. 6 (June 2019), pp. 62–67.
3188:, vol. 97, no. 4 (July / August 2018), p. 54.
2734:, vol. LXVI, no. 2 (February 7, 2019), p. 23.
2424:, chapter 2: "Physics before Boltzmann", in
1249:that is on course to destroy all of mankind.
632:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
6856:
3871:, November 7 & 14, 2011, pp. 36–39.
2967:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2146:
1332:People ignore warnings about the dangers of
718:
6959:
3030:Morselli, Davide; Passini, Stefano (2010).
2911:, McGill-Queen University Press, 224 pp.),
1550: ... as well as Spain's Generalissimo
1347:The dangers of the fissile-fossil complex (
952:and the terrorized. There is still someone
159:An example is the ubiquitous phenomenon of
6952:
6938:
4459:
4445:
4335:, New York, Oxford University Press, 1948.
4176:, vol. 43, no. 9 (6 May 2021), pp. 3, 5–8.
4160:Political Advice: Past, Present and Future
3838:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
3744:, vol. 43, no. 9 (6 May 2021), pp. 3, 5–8.
3728:Political Advice: Past, Present and Future
3335:, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1969,
3203:Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C
2851:, vol. LXII, no. 6 (April 2, 2015), p. 74.
2827:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
1002:, was murdered by his former friend, King
7581:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3955:, vol. 41, no. 9 (9 May 2019), pp. 17-19.
3253:John Washington, "Burning Up" (review of
3198:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
3014:
2325:
2308:, "'No Poetry You Have Read'" (review of
2204:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
877:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:and was described in the 19th century by
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
8800:Historical geographic information system
5566:
3171:Future war and its economic consequences
2705:
2703:
2646:
2644:
1519:
1462:
1407:writes about American war correspondent
1393:
713:, they conquer the towns and create new
645:
558:
552:(1820–1903), and the French sociologist
377:virtues had followed the removal of the
349:
322:G. W. Trompf describes various historic
238:
87:
4371:, "Adam Michnik: A Hero of Our Time,"
4309:, July 2 & 9, 2012, pp. 50–53.
4238:Ibn Khaldun: An Intellectual Biography
4074:, "Imperial Exceptionalism" (review of
3800:, University of California Press, 2005.
3356:The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a
3242:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3224:, 11th ed., vol. 13, 1911, pp. 545–552.
3101:, "Imperial Exceptionalism" (review of
2996:
2889:Plutarch: Lives that Made Greek History
2718:Ibn Khaldun: An Intellectual Biography
2676:
2674:
2672:
2295:. Quote Investigator. January 12, 2014.
1778:Cyclical theory (United States history)
1260:after he had met the Italian physicist
106:is the repetition of similar events in
85:Repetition of similar events in history
14:
8847:
8440:English historical school of economics
6492:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
4546:
4134:, "Ruthless and Truthless" (review of
3702:, "Ruthless and Truthless" (review of
2845:, "Adam Michnik: A Hero of Our Time",
1088:On 27 April 1521, Portuguese explorer
253:rather than historic recurrence (see "
179:. Indeed, recurrences, in the form of
8756:
8701:
8636:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
8475:Historical reliability of the Gospels
8333:
7860:
6933:
6922:
5565:
5308:
5072:
4711:
4545:
4440:
4142:, Simon and Schuster, February 2021,
3984:The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
3819:, "A Taxonomy of Tyrants" (review of
3710:, Simon and Schuster, February 2021,
3676:, "A Taxonomy of Tyrants" (review of
3650:, "A Taxonomy of Tyrants" (review of
3624:, "A Taxonomy of Tyrants" (review of
3598:, "A Taxonomy of Tyrants" (review of
3572:, "A Taxonomy of Tyrants" (review of
2700:
2641:
2271:
2063:, and also in a posthumous fragment.
1917:The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
1256:described by the English philosopher
479:, which in turn tended to decay into
381:challenge to Rome's supremacy in the
95:: " favorite theory of mine that no
8828:
6923:
6453:More Irish than the Irish themselves
4240:, Princeton University Press, 2018,
4128:, University of Chicago Press, 1973.
4034:, Arteny Malkov, Daria Khaltourina,
3853:Civilization: The West and the Rest
2720:, Princeton University Press, 2018,
2669:
1379:those that emerge from any study of
1321:Similarly, navies continue building
913:(1851), wrote acerbically in 1852: "
893:". The Spanish-American philosopher
826:
815:. Thus an endless, useless cycle of
26:
7523:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
4712:
4293:, Amsterdam University Press, 1996.
3922:, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
3825:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
3682:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
3656:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
3630:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
3604:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
3578:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
3350:, "The Nuclear Worrier" (review of
2097:published an early articulation of
1563:Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present
1338:nuclear power-plant accidents occur
601:), idleness disorder, and disorder
494:The ancients developed an enduring
24:
8536:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
6480:Fourth Italian War of Independence
4466:
4391:
3795:Maps of Time: an Introduction to
1423:, describing a dissonance between
25:
8871:
4420:
4098:, Oxford University Press, 2017,
3900:, Oxford University Press, 1997,
3865:, "America's 'Oh Sh*t!' Moment,"
3779:, Oxford University Press, 1998,
3269:, Little, Brown, 2023, 385 pp.),
3125:, Oxford University Press, 2017,
3003:Journal of the Historical Society
2905:Captain James Cook: The Journals
2772:, Oxford University Press, 1996,
2431:, Oxford University Press, 1998,
2179:Stanford University Museum of Art
1681:in Chile." Dorfman believes that
1115:(which would occur in 1400); and
114:(e.g., to the rises and falls of
8827:
8818:
8817:
8334:
7834:
7833:
7675:Palestinian expulsion and flight
6187:5000-year civilization assertion
5763:Nadir of American race relations
4425:
4331:, "Does History Repeat Itself?"
4058:, Amersham, Avebury Press, 1984.
3883:, Oxford University Press, 1996.
3077:, New York, Random House, 1987,
3016:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2006.00171.x
2316:, Library of America, 990 pp.),
2099:causal or scientific determinism
2047:" is central to the writings of
1953:Strauss-Howe generational theory
1601:, along with minor figures like
1431:and Faulkner's depiction of the
901:, having in mind the respective
831:
510:and developments undergone by a
31:
8664:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
7538:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
7473:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
7280:Causes of the Armenian genocide
5589:Pyramid construction techniques
5156:Comparative historical research
5073:
4774:Library and information science
4194:, "A Moral Witness" (review of
4082:, Yale University Press, 2018,
3973:A New Theory of Human Evolution
3811:: the Fates of Human Societies
3751:
3693:
3667:
3641:
3615:
3589:
3563:
3554:, "The Electroshock Novelist",
3545:
3527:
3510:, "A Moral Witness" (review of
3501:
3475:
3449:
3431:
3416:
3379:
3341:
3325:
3307:
3278:
3247:
3227:
3209:
3191:
3176:
3160:
3142:
3109:, Yale University Press, 2018,
3092:
3062:
3023:
2990:
2961:
2920:
2894:
2881:
2854:
2836:
2819:
2799:
2790:A New Theory of Human Evolution
2779:
2757:
2737:
2687:
2628:
2615:
2602:
2589:
2563:
2550:
2513:
2483:
2455:
2442:
2415:
2399:
2314:Herman Melville: Complete Poems
2230:
2213:
2196:
2184:
2171:
2156:
2136:
2123:
2108:
2087:
2074:
2037:
1878:List of pre-modern great powers
1032:(1274, 1281) was frustrated by
822:
8676:Gunpowder and gun transmission
8626:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
8435:Historical school of economics
8372:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
7810:Gunpowder and gun transmission
7684:Zionism as settler colonialism
6689:Limpieza de sangre controversy
5656:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
4272:Pitirim Aleksandrovich Sorokin
4162:, I.B. Tauris, February 2021,
3766:, 30 November 2020, pp. 87–91.
3730:, I.B. Tauris, February 2021,
3560:, July 2 & 9, 2012, p. 52.
3362:, New York, Bloomsbury, 2017,
2997:Englund, Steven (March 2006).
2903:, "Island Hopping" (review of
2365:
2347:
2299:
2285:
2020:
2008:
1988:
1692:British political commentator
1649:given perfunctory assessments.
506:between an individual human's
161:multiple independent discovery
127:Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence
13:
1:
8485:Opposition to Papal supremacy
7861:
5673:Indigenous population history
4028:, 12 October 2020, pp. 70–73.
3896:Gordon Graham, "Recurrence,"
3813:, new ed., W.W. Norton, 2005.
3472:, 12 October 2020, pp. 70–73.
2944:"The Death of Magellan, 1521"
2255:
1294:, with consequently enhanced
1264:in 1636 in Florence. Humans,
338:, and the preoccupation with
8401:Desacralization of knowledge
6672:Carlism in the Francoist era
6640:Holodomor in modern politics
5309:
4374:The New York Review of Books
4251:The New York Review of Books
4205:The New York Review of Books
4109:The New York Review of Books
4054:David Lamb and S.M. Easton,
3830:The New York Review of Books
3777:: The Man Who Trusted Atoms
3687:The New York Review of Books
3661:The New York Review of Books
3635:The New York Review of Books
3609:The New York Review of Books
3583:The New York Review of Books
3521:The New York Review of Books
3443:The New York Review of Books
3440:, "The New Nuclear Threat",
3373:The New York Review of Books
3272:The New York Review of Books
3261:, Knopf, 2023, 414 pp.; and
3136:The New York Review of Books
2914:The New York Review of Books
2848:The New York Review of Books
2731:The New York Review of Books
2429:: The Man Who Trusted Atoms
2319:The New York Review of Books
1873:List of multiple discoveries
1278:writes, in reference to the
803:'s theory of a species-wide
526:(c. 74 CE – c. 130 CE), and
222:in such recurring patterns.
7:
8793:Historiographic metafiction
8757:
8703:Organizations, publications
8492:Proto-orthodox Christianity
7442:German resistance to Nazism
7298:Persian famine of 1917–1919
6708:Islamic revolution of Spain
6635:Holodomor genocide question
6511:Revisionism of Risorgimento
6505:Rerum italicarum scriptores
6486:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
6253:Self-Strengthening Movement
5403:decolonization of knowledge
4303:Takes On American Excess,"
2654:, North River Press, 1990,
2147:
1769:(pulsating-universe theory)
1735:
1537:The Autumn of the Patriarch
1510:began writing huge novels.
1070:'s fateful 1778 entry into
1054:'s fateful 1519 entry into
958:drinking a glass of hemlock
948:, liars and those lied to,
857:the claims made and adding
719:
272:(c. 60 BCE – after 7 BCE),
10:
8876:
8590:Wissenschaft des Judentums
8567:Criticism of Protestantism
7447:Nazi foreign policy debate
6878:Second colonial occupation
6625:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
6263:Tibetan sovereignty debate
5807:Progressive-era historians
5242:Nationalization of history
5193:Historical-critical method
4022:, New York, Knopf, 2020),
3843:Marx Engels Selected Works
3827:, Norton, 2020, 358 pp.),
3684:, Norton, 2020, 358 pp.),
3658:, Norton, 2020, 358 pp.),
3632:, Norton, 2020, 358 pp.),
3606:, Norton, 2020, 358 pp.),
3580:, Norton, 2020, 358 pp.),
3300:"Energy and Power" issue,
2831:Marx Engels Selected Works
2244:, after the fiasco of the
1151: – born an
613:springs order, from order
399:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
345:
307:and be overthrown. In the
270:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
234:
183:findings obtained through
8812:
8763:
8752:
8708:
8697:
8646:
8450:
8409:
8340:
8329:
8185:
7871:
7867:
7856:
7828:
7797:
7761:
7655:
7609:
7595:Second Sino-Japanese War
7573:
7503:
7455:
7417:
7377:
7253:
7075:
6994:
6970:
6929:
6918:
6894:
6792:
6759:
6650:
6574:
6531:
6472:
6437:
6409:
6400:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
6344:
6271:
6177:
6105:
5819:
5748:
5681:
5643:
5576:
5572:
5561:
5386:
5319:
5315:
5304:
5081:
5068:
4895:
4762:
4724:
4720:
4707:
4584:
4558:
4554:
4541:
4474:
4050:See especially chapter 2.
3498:, 12 October 2020, p. 72.
3294:; and the September 1971
3048:10.1080/10781911003773530
1853:Journal of Global History
1808:(or "eternal recurrence")
1756:The Anatomy of Revolution
1134: – born a
1028:'s attempted conquest of
572:, analyzing the state of
502:'s evolution, drawing an
475:had been supplanted by a
447:By the late 5th century,
425:(1st century BCE) and by
214:G.W. Trompf, in his book
8350:Crisis of historiography
7513:Auschwitz bombing debate
7199:Indian Rebellion of 1857
7050:Late Bronze Age collapse
6984:List of military museums
6587:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
6559:Polish People's Republic
6394:Sybel-Ficker controversy
5758:African-American history
5731:Colonial Spanish America
5520:Second Thirty Years' War
2909:James Cook: The Voyages
1981:
1860:Journal of World History
1846:Is the Holocaust Unique?
1585:'s defeat in 1945, with
1389:Gambling with Armageddon
1349:nuclear-power generation
1203:'s 1898 warnings of the
687:tribes become united by
7463:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
7322:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
6873:Porter–MacKenzie debate
6630:Causes of the Holodomor
6167:Problem of two emperors
6115:Catilinarian conspiracy
5342:Historical significance
5203:Indiscipline of history
5178:Historical anthropology
4323:Oxford University Press
3284:See the September 1970
3221:Encyclopædia Britannica
2891:, Hackett, 2012, p. vi.
2580:Oxford University Press
2412:, New York, 1902, p. 4.
2145:regarded Ibn Khaldun's
1909:, a related concept by
1791:The Decline of the West
1427:'s documented personal
1363:Jessica Tuchman Mathews
1286:that rising levels of "
1130:In 1812 French Emperor
1080:fertility and peace god
1000:Stanisław Szczepanowski
964:, someone drawing up a
766:. Suggestions that the
455:historian who lived in
315:(1332–1406) wrote that
207:, are essential to the
191:, are essential to the
8557:Protestant Reformation
8531:Second Vatican Council
8509:Succession to Muhammad
8504:Criticism of the Quran
8255:Religious perspectives
7989:Klemens von Metternich
7586:"Battle for Australia"
7468:Soviet offensive plans
7437:Broad vs. narrow front
7276:Late Ottoman genocides
6209:Century of humiliation
5990:Goguryeo controversies
5968:2,500-year celebration
5626:Double genocide theory
5413:Historical negationism
5237:Ancestral civilisation
5225:Historical materialism
5183:Historical determinism
5133:History of mentalities
4430:Quotations related to
4266:Reason in Common Sense
4173:London Review of Books
3988:, Random House, 1987,
3952:London Review of Books
3809:Guns, Germs, and Steel
3741:London Review of Books
3236:, "Thomas Hobbes", in
3216:George Croom Robertson
2933:, Mutual, 2000, p. 61.
2875:London Review of Books
2814:Reason in Common Sense
2202:On 8 October 2018 the
2060:Thus Spoke Zarathustra
1651:
1556:
1532:Gabriel García Márquez
1527:
1525:Gabriel García Márquez
1470:
1461:
1418:
1401:
1232:atmospheric scientists
1188:, at times into frank
1179:Martin Luther King Jr.
1078:festival honoring the
909:(1799) and his nephew
697:for "group feeling", "
662:
644:
633:
615:
609:
607:(ruin). In turn, from
603:
597:
591:
587:
566:
385:world. The theme that
357:
246:
100:
53:by rewriting it in an
8681:Torsion mangonel myth
8584:Modern Jewish history
8579:Jesuit historiography
8572:Protestant work ethic
8552:Hesychast controversy
8417:Industrial Revolution
8367:Library of Alexandria
8285:The Lord of the Rings
7935:Constantine the Great
7815:Torsion mangonel myth
7747:Sri Lankan Civil War
6826:Storm over the gentry
6727:Colonies or Provinces
6258:Sprouts of capitalism
5332:Historic preservation
5327:Change and continuity
4333:Civilization on Trial
4202:, Firefly, 528 pp.),
4188:, June 2023, pp. 7–9.
4066:A Philosophical Essay
3912:Marshall G.S. Hodgson
3898:The Shape of the Past
3875:David Hackett Fischer
3518:, Firefly, 528 pp.),
3322:, June 2023, pp. 7–9.
2999:"Napoleon and Hitler"
2969:Collingridge, Vanessa
2948:Eyewitness to History
2764:David Hackett Fischer
2410:A Philosophical Essay
2225:nuclear-weapon states
2129:His was thus a quasi-
1970:World history (field)
1900:Philosophy of history
1671:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1669:or the Shah of Iran,
1575:
1529:
1523:
1466:
1445:
1413:
1397:
1280:global-warming crisis
1010:'s Catholic Primate,
971:In the 18th century,
925:, the second time as
786:David Hackett Fischer
649:
639:
582:
562:
353:
242:
91:
18:Historical recurrence
8768:Commemorative plaque
7984:Juan Manuel de Rosas
7432:"Blitzkrieg" concept
7303:Powder keg of Europe
7178:Franco-Prussian War
6848:Winter of Discontent
6831:Suffragette Campaign
6498:Italiani brava gente
6464:Revolutionary period
6286:Frankish Interregnum
6219:"Chineseness" debate
6152:Byzantine succession
6137:Fall of Western Rome
6078:Executed Renaissance
5567:By country or region
5511:Age of Enlightenment
5485:Vaticinium ex eventu
5432:Modernisation theory
5266:Quantitative history
4642:Historical documents
4092:David C. Hendrickson
4076:Victor Bulmer-Thomas
4062:Pierre-Simon Laplace
3492:, New York, Knopf),
3466:, New York, Knopf),
3218:, "Hobbes, Thomas",
3119:David C. Hendrickson
3103:Victor Bulmer-Thomas
2406:Pierre-Simon Laplace
2246:Bay of Pigs invasion
2191:Victor Bulmer-Thomas
2095:Pierre-Simon Laplace
1813:Eureka: A Prose Poem
1743:Amity-enmity complex
1732:, and Donald Trump.
1647:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1433:American Confederacy
1334:nuclear power plants
1159:(which was ruled by
1074:, during the annual
962:crossing the Rubicon
954:dying at Thermopylae
805:amity-enmity complex
756:Cuban Missile Crisis
528:Ammianus Marcellinus
522:(c. 1 BCE – 65 CE),
429:, a 1st-century BCE
205:comparative research
8597:Schools of thought
8562:Proto-Protestantism
8431:School of Thoughts
8313:William Shakespeare
8298:Robert Falcon Scott
8203:Friedrich Nietzsche
8041:Cult of personality
8026:Neville Chamberlain
7886:Alexander the Great
7768:Russo-Georgian War
7741:Sovereignty dispute
7720:Iranian Revolution
7550:"Polish death camp"
7527:In relation to the
7236:Myth of English aid
7227:War of the Pacific
7004:Albigensian Crusade
6429:Indigenous Aryanism
6125:Constantinian shift
5661:Residential schools
5418:Historian's fallacy
5337:Historic recurrence
4835:Numismatics (Money)
4607:Archaeological site
4531:theories of history
4432:Historic recurrence
4387:, Free Press, 1979.
3425:Scientific American
3411:American Experience
3297:Scientific American
3290:"Biosphere" issue,
3287:Scientific American
2833:, volume I, p. 398.
2744:Joshua S. Goldstein
2049:Friedrich Nietzsche
1928:Social cycle theory
1443:(Liveright, 2020),
1125:Stanford University
891:striking similarity
728:Joshua S. Goldstein
683:), wrote that when
570:Niccolò Machiavelli
564:Niccolò Machiavelli
467:'s threat posed at
336:striking similarity
286:Correa Moylan Walsh
278:Niccolò Machiavelli
274:Luke the Evangelist
139:Friedrich Nietzsche
104:Historic recurrence
8788:Historical realism
8783:Historical fiction
8728:History institutes
8718:Historical society
8713:Heritage registers
8601:Biblical criticism
8514:Islamic golden age
8465:Early Christianity
8345:Bears in antiquity
8233:Medieval Christian
8031:Pedro II of Brazil
7979:José de San Martín
7783:Syrian revolution
7695:Malayan Emergency
7670:1948 Palestine war
7403:Spanish Civil War
7353:War guilt question
7162:American Civil War
7142:Invasion of Russia
7118:New Russian School
6902:Colonial Australia
6618:October Revolution
6381:Strukturgeschichte
6317:Location of Alésia
6236:Hua–Yi distinction
6157:Moscow, third Rome
5773:Reconstruction era
5594:Black Egypt Thesis
5516:European Civil War
5472:Translatio imperii
5427:Invented tradition
4548:Historical sources
4318:A Study of History
4262:The Life of Reason
4118:, cited on p. 10.)
3887:Joshua S Goldstein
3438:Jessica T. Mathews
2810:The Life of Reason
2650:George R. MacLay,
2575:A Study of History
2506:2021-04-13 at the
2045:eternal recurrence
1883:Multiple discovery
1683:Juan Domingo Perón
1611:Mohamed Siad Barre
1528:
1471:
1402:
1368:The Guns of August
1336:until anticipated
1327:U.S. Naval Academy
1242:' warnings of the
1094:Philippine Islands
1090:Ferdinand Magellan
842:possibly contains
780:Natalie Nougayrède
663:
567:
442:Gallia Narbonensis
358:
329:the uniformity of
247:
201:comparative method
101:
55:encyclopedic style
42:is written like a
8855:Cyclical theories
8842:
8841:
8808:
8807:
8748:
8747:
8693:
8692:
8689:
8688:
8606:Catholic theology
8460:Avestan geography
8325:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8308:Søren Kierkegaard
8181:
8180:
8092:Warren G. Harding
7852:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7651:
7650:
7529:Armenian genocide
7392:Polish–Soviet War
7387:Burning of Smyrna
7373:
7372:
7363:Reichstag inquiry
7286:Patriotic consent
7157:
7156:
7132:War in the Vendée
7096:French Revolution
7078:century conflicts
7067:Peloponnesian War
7028:Eighty Years' War
6914:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6819:Westminster Stone
6516:Southern question
6355:Alltagsgeschichte
6305:Legendary Saracen
6007:Early settlements
5815:
5814:
5795:Political history
5780:Consensus history
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5539:Continuity thesis
5478:Translatio studii
5364:Theory of history
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5254:Subaltern Studies
5139:Nouvelle histoire
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
4976:Medieval churches
4963:Geistesgeschichte
4907:Paleoanthropology
4815:Encyclopaedistics
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4571:Secondary sources
4402:Mold of the Earth
4381:Harriet Zuckerman
4329:Arnold J. Toynbee
4313:Arnold J. Toynbee
4283:The Structure of
4168:978 1 83860 004 4
4148:978 1 3985 0100 3
4088:978-0-300-21000-2
4068:, New York, 1902.
4016:Martin J. Sherwin
4012:Elizabeth Kolbert
3947:978 0 19 960951 2
3736:978 1 83860 004 4
3716:978 1 3985 0100 3
3486:Martin J. Sherwin
3482:Elizabeth Kolbert
3460:Martin J. Sherwin
3456:Elizabeth Kolbert
3333:The Careless Atom
3206:, 8 October 2018.
3115:978-0-300-21000-2
2982:978-0-09-188898-5
2887:James Romm, ed.,
2870:978 0 19 960951 2
2570:Arnold J. Toynbee
1959:The True Believer
1943:Societal collapse
1911:Søren Kierkegaard
1722:Winston Churchill
1710:Queen Elizabeth I
1619:Silvio Berlusconi
1473:British novelist
1385:Martin J. Sherwin
1323:aircraft carriers
1199:Polities ignored
1113:Kraków University
1004:Bolesław the Bold
966:proscription list
887:
886:
879:
844:original research
776:Roland Benedikter
705:"—their superior
699:social solidarity
585:mount up to good.
355:Arnold J. Toynbee
301:Mandate of Heaven
290:Arnold J. Toynbee
282:Giambattista Vico
177:Harriet Zuckerman
83:
82:
75:
16:(Redirected from
8867:
8831:
8830:
8821:
8820:
8773:Documentary film
8754:
8753:
8733:History journals
8699:
8698:
8672:
8544:
8480:Primacy of Peter
8427:Great Depression
8407:
8406:
8380:
8358:
8331:
8330:
8279:J. R. R. Tolkien
8134:
8133:
8129:
8117:
8105:
8087:Ulysses S. Grant
8082:Thomas Jefferson
8073:
8049:
8012:
7975:
7963:
7931:
7919:
7911:Chiang Ching-kuo
7901:Cato the Younger
7891:Amin al-Husseini
7869:
7868:
7858:
7857:
7837:
7836:
7820:War and genocide
7644:
7630:Résistancialisme
7617:Battle of France
7599:Nanjing Massacre
7453:
7452:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7294:
7244:
7126:
7109:
7082:
7081:
7009:Catharism debate
6995:pre-18th century
6977:Military history
6954:
6947:
6940:
6931:
6930:
6924:By war, conflict
6920:
6919:
6868:Cambridge School
6854:
6853:
6752:
6740:
6716:
6697:
6607:
6595:
6567:
6389:
6367:Historikerstreit
6337:
6325:
6313:
6294:
6280:Cordon sanitaire
6226:New Qing History
6214:Conquest dynasty
6205:
6120:Christianization
6103:
6102:
6022:
5935:
5923:
5911:
5889:
5877:
5869:Byzantine Empire
5724:Iquicha Royalism
5713:
5679:
5678:
5602:
5574:
5573:
5563:
5562:
5506:Age of Discovery
5495:Periodization of
5492:
5491:
5466:Transhistoricity
5461:Thirty-year rule
5372:
5360:
5317:
5316:
5306:
5305:
5286:Great Man theory
5249:People's history
5211:
5116:
5115:
5108:Three-age system
5070:
5069:
4770:Archival science
4722:
4721:
4709:
4708:
4576:Tertiary sources
4556:
4555:
4543:
4542:
4492:by area of study
4461:
4454:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4429:
4359:The Jumping Frog
4258:George Santayana
4218:, Sharpe, 2002,
4196:Janet Somerville
4185:The New Republic
4122:Robert K. Merton
4040:, Moscow, 2006,
4032:Andrey Korotayev
3775:Ludwig Boltzmann
3770:Carlo Cercignani
3745:
3697:
3691:
3671:
3665:
3645:
3639:
3619:
3613:
3593:
3587:
3567:
3561:
3549:
3543:
3531:
3525:
3512:Janet Somerville
3505:
3499:
3479:
3473:
3453:
3447:
3435:
3429:
3420:
3414:
3383:
3377:
3345:
3339:
3331:Sheldon Novick,
3329:
3323:
3319:The New Republic
3311:
3305:
3282:
3276:
3251:
3245:
3231:
3225:
3213:
3207:
3195:
3189:
3180:
3174:
3164:
3158:
3146:
3140:
3096:
3090:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2940:
2934:
2924:
2918:
2898:
2892:
2885:
2879:
2858:
2852:
2840:
2834:
2823:
2817:
2806:George Santayana
2803:
2797:
2783:
2777:
2761:
2755:
2741:
2735:
2707:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2667:
2648:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2537:
2528:
2517:
2511:
2498:. Translated by
2487:
2481:
2468:, Sharpe, 2002,
2459:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2427:Ludwig Boltzmann
2422:Carlo Cercignani
2419:
2413:
2403:
2397:
2390:
2379:
2369:
2363:
2351:
2345:
2334:
2323:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2278:The Jumping Frog
2269:
2249:
2234:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2168:("divine wind").
2160:
2154:
2152:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2051:. It appears in
2043:The concept of "
2041:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1992:
1784:Dark (TV series)
1599:Mobutu Sese Seko
1552:Francisco Franco
1491:Second World War
1425:William Faulkner
1288:greenhouse gases
895:George Santayana
882:
875:
871:
868:
862:
859:inline citations
835:
834:
827:
801:Sir Arthur Keith
722:
636:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
423:Diodorus Siculus
173:Robert K. Merton
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
35:
34:
27:
21:
8875:
8874:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8865:
8864:
8845:
8844:
8843:
8838:
8837:
8804:
8759:
8744:
8704:
8685:
8668:
8651:
8642:
8538:
8446:
8422:Great Recession
8405:
8376:
8352:
8336:
8317:
8208:H. P. Lovecraft
8177:
8139:
8132:
8123:
8111:
8099:
8067:
8043:
8016:Muammar Gaddafi
8006:
7994:Leonid Brezhnev
7969:
7957:
7940:Gregory Palamas
7925:
7923:Chiang Kai Shek
7913:
7873:
7863:
7844:
7843:
7824:
7805:Conflict thesis
7793:
7757:
7647:
7638:
7605:
7569:
7499:
7451:
7413:
7379:Interwar period
7369:
7339:
7332:
7324:
7308:Schlieffen Plan
7288:
7249:
7238:
7153:
7120:
7103:
7088:
7077:
7071:
7055:Dorian invasion
7040:Fall of Babylon
6996:
6990:
6989:
6966:
6958:
6925:
6906:
6882:
6859:
6852:
6814:Kingdom of Alba
6795:
6788:
6755:
6746:
6734:
6732:Spanish decline
6710:
6691:
6646:
6601:
6589:
6570:
6561:
6527:
6468:
6433:
6419:Greater Magadha
6405:
6383:
6340:
6331:
6319:
6307:
6288:
6267:
6241:Four Barbarians
6199:
6173:
6101:
6058:Götaland theory
6026:Lusotropicalism
6016:
5997:North Macedonia
5929:
5917:
5905:
5883:
5871:
5811:
5790:Frontier thesis
5785:Cyclical theory
5768:Neoabolitionism
5744:
5707:
5677:
5639:
5616:Greater Morocco
5596:
5568:
5545:
5496:
5490:
5382:
5366:
5354:
5311:
5292:
5205:
5120:
5114:
5096:Historical eras
5077:
5056:
4891:
4788:Writing systems
4758:
4716:
4714:Fields of study
4695:
4689:Service records
4674:Religious texts
4580:
4566:Primary sources
4550:
4537:
4536:
4470:
4465:
4423:
4394:
4392:Further reading
4212:Elizabeth Perry
4156:Jacqueline Rose
4150:, 192 pp.; and
4132:Ferdinand Mount
4090:, 459 pp.; and
3959:Walter Kaufmann
3931:Foreign Affairs
3791:David Christian
3754:
3749:
3748:
3724:Jacqueline Rose
3718:, 192 pp.; and
3700:Ferdinand Mount
3698:
3694:
3672:
3668:
3646:
3642:
3620:
3616:
3594:
3590:
3568:
3564:
3550:
3546:
3532:
3528:
3506:
3502:
3480:
3476:
3454:
3450:
3436:
3432:
3421:
3417:
3384:
3380:
3352:Daniel Ellsberg
3346:
3342:
3330:
3326:
3312:
3308:
3283:
3279:
3252:
3248:
3238:Edward N. Zalta
3232:
3228:
3214:
3210:
3196:
3192:
3185:Foreign Affairs
3181:
3177:
3165:
3161:
3154:Foreign Affairs
3147:
3143:
3117:, 459 pp.; and
3097:
3093:
3067:
3063:
3028:
3024:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2975:. Ebury Press.
2966:
2962:
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2899:
2895:
2886:
2882:
2859:
2855:
2841:
2837:
2824:
2820:
2804:
2800:
2792:, Watts, 1948,
2784:
2780:
2762:
2758:
2742:
2738:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2649:
2642:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2603:
2594:
2590:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2551:
2538:
2531:
2518:
2514:
2508:Wayback Machine
2500:Franz Rosenthal
2488:
2484:
2462:Elizabeth Perry
2460:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2420:
2416:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2378:, 1959, p. 276.
2372:Walter Kaufmann
2370:
2366:
2362:, 1959, p. 276.
2354:Walter Kaufmann
2352:
2348:
2335:
2326:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2253:
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2235:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2161:
2157:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2113:
2109:
2103:Roger Boscovich
2092:
2088:
2079:
2075:
2065:Walter Kaufmann
2054:The Gay Science
2042:
2038:
2028:Walter Kaufmann
2025:
2021:
2015:Herman Melville
2013:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1965:Thucydides Trap
1839:Generation Zero
1818:Edgar Allan Poe
1796:Oswald Spengler
1738:
1714:Oliver Cromwell
1694:Ferdinand Mount
1639:Rodrigo Duterte
1595:Muammar Qaddafi
1565:(2020), writes
1534:, in his novel
1487:ascendant power
1409:Martha Gellhorn
1399:Martha Gellhorn
1373:Barbara Tuchman
1357:tobacco smoking
1342:nuclear weapons
1292:climate warming
1262:Galileo Galilei
1157:successor state
1117:Leland Stanford
883:
872:
866:
863:
848:
836:
832:
825:
819:"isms" arises.
791:Napoleonic wars
748:First World War
550:Herbert Spencer
532:social-organism
485:Augustus Caesar
427:Pompeius Trogus
348:
299:concept of the
237:
197:social sciences
171:, described by
86:
79:
68:
62:
59:
51:help improve it
48:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8873:
8863:
8862:
8860:Historiography
8857:
8840:
8839:
8836:
8835:
8825:
8814:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8802:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8790:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8750:
8749:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8730:
8725:
8715:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8695:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8666:
8661:
8655:
8653:
8644:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8595:
8594:
8593:
8581:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8554:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8545:
8523:
8522:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8496:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8488:
8487:
8477:
8472:
8462:
8456:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8442:
8437:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8413:
8411:
8404:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8386:
8381:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8347:
8341:
8338:
8337:
8327:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8252:
8247:
8237:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8198:Charles Darwin
8195:
8189:
8187:
8183:
8182:
8179:
8178:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8168:United Kingdom
8165:
8160:
8158:Modern Germany
8155:
8150:
8144:
8142:
8131:
8130:
8118:
8106:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8077:Thomas Aquinas
8074:
8062:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7964:
7952:
7947:
7945:Horatio Nelson
7942:
7937:
7932:
7920:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7877:
7875:
7865:
7864:
7854:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7830:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7777:Responsibility
7774:
7765:
7763:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7745:
7744:
7743:
7733:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7708:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7689:New Historians
7686:
7681:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7653:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7633:
7626:
7619:
7613:
7611:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7602:
7601:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7555:Responsibility
7552:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7535:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7509:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7490:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7423:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7401:
7400:
7399:
7389:
7383:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7360:
7350:
7344:
7342:
7331:
7319:
7313:Spirit of 1914
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7283:
7273:
7270:Fischer thesis
7259:
7257:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7233:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7213:
7211:Paraguayan War
7208:
7207:
7206:
7196:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7184:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7137:Napoleonic era
7134:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7115:
7110:
7101:Pre-revolution
7092:
7090:
7086:Coalition Wars
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7000:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6980:
6972:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6964:historiography
6957:
6956:
6949:
6942:
6934:
6927:
6926:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6864:
6862:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6806:
6800:
6798:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6782:Decline thesis
6779:
6772:Ottoman Empire
6769:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6741:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6698:
6686:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6599:Skeptic School
6584:
6582:Anti-Normanism
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6539:Golden Liberty
6535:
6533:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6521:Neo-Bourbonism
6513:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6489:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6449:
6443:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6413:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6396:
6391:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6361:Borussian myth
6358:
6350:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6326:
6314:
6302:
6295:
6283:
6275:
6273:
6269:
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6255:
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6211:
6206:
6194:
6189:
6183:
6181:
6175:
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6172:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6011:
6010:
6009:
5999:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5977:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5924:
5912:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5851:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5832:Dealbanisation
5823:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5754:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5702:
5696:May Revolution
5687:
5685:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5666:Staples thesis
5663:
5658:
5647:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5591:
5582:
5580:
5570:
5569:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5498:modern history
5489:
5488:
5481:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5444:
5442:Paradigm shift
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5313:
5312:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5217:
5212:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5158:
5153:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5135:
5128:Annales school
5124:
5122:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5098:
5088:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4991:Constitutional
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4927:
4914:
4909:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4867:Postage stamps
4864:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4795:
4790:
4781:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4718:
4717:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4664:Oral tradition
4661:
4660:
4659:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
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4573:
4568:
4562:
4560:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:Historiography
4464:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4441:
4422:
4421:External links
4419:
4418:
4417:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4378:
4366:
4351:
4336:
4326:
4321:, 12 volumes,
4310:
4294:
4279:
4269:
4255:
4230:Malise Ruthven
4227:
4209:
4192:Fintan O'Toole
4189:
4177:
4129:
4119:
4104:978-0190660383
4069:
4059:
4052:
4029:
4025:The New Yorker
4009:
3997:
3976:
3975:, Watts, 1948.
3966:
3956:
3949:; 1,344 pp.),
3939:Samuel Johnson
3935:
3923:
3909:
3894:
3884:
3872:
3863:Niall Ferguson
3860:
3849:Niall Ferguson
3846:
3834:
3821:Ruth Ben-Ghiat
3814:
3801:
3788:
3767:
3763:The New Yorker
3753:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3692:
3678:Ruth Ben-Ghiat
3666:
3652:Ruth Ben-Ghiat
3640:
3626:Ruth Ben-Ghiat
3614:
3600:Ruth Ben-Ghiat
3588:
3574:Ruth Ben-Ghiat
3562:
3544:
3539:The New Yorker
3526:
3508:Fintan O'Toole
3500:
3495:The New Yorker
3474:
3469:The New Yorker
3448:
3430:
3415:
3386:Eric Schlosser
3378:
3340:
3324:
3306:
3277:
3246:
3234:Stewart Duncan
3226:
3208:
3190:
3175:
3159:
3141:
3131:978-0190660383
3091:
3061:
3042:(3): 295–319.
3022:
3009:(1): 151–169.
2989:
2981:
2960:
2935:
2919:
2893:
2880:
2872:; 1,344 pp.),
2862:Samuel Johnson
2853:
2835:
2818:
2798:
2778:
2756:
2736:
2710:Malise Ruthven
2699:
2693:G. W. Trompf,
2686:
2680:G. W. Trompf,
2668:
2640:
2638:, pp. 188–192.
2634:G. W. Trompf,
2627:
2621:G. W. Trompf,
2614:
2608:G. W. Trompf,
2601:
2595:G. W. Trompf,
2588:
2578:, 12 volumes,
2562:
2556:G. W. Trompf,
2549:
2539:G.bW. Trompf,
2529:
2523:, pp. 2–3 and
2519:G. W. Trompf,
2512:
2495:The Muqaddimah
2482:
2454:
2448:G. W. Trompf,
2441:
2414:
2398:
2380:
2364:
2346:
2324:
2310:Hershel Parker
2298:
2284:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2229:
2212:
2195:
2183:
2170:
2155:
2135:
2131:exceptionalist
2122:
2107:
2086:
2073:
2069:Heinrich Heine
2036:
2032:Heinrich Heine
2019:
2007:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:State collapse
1945:
1940:
1933:Social physics
1930:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1867:Lest We Forget
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1828:Exceptionalism
1825:
1809:
1806:Eternal return
1803:
1801:Dynastic cycle
1798:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1673:, "though the
1635:Jair Bolsonaro
1623:Vladimir Putin
1607:Saddam Hussein
1571:authoritarians
1559:Ruth Ben-Ghiat
1435:, writes that
1411:(1908–1998):
1405:Fintan O'Toole
1365:, daughter of
1254:social physics
1244:climate-change
1240:climatologists
1228:oceanographers
1215:, stalemated,
1213:industrialized
1175:Mahatma Gandhi
1140:Russian Empire
985:Parallel Lives
973:Samuel Johnson
885:
884:
839:
837:
830:
824:
821:
793:and later the
772:Gideon Rachman
768:European Union
736:British Empire
732:midlife crisis
556:(1858–1917).
554:Émile Durkheim
518:(106–43 BCE),
457:Constantinople
347:
344:
255:eternal return
236:
233:
220:par excellence
135:Heinrich Heine
84:
81:
80:
63:September 2024
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8872:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8834:
8826:
8824:
8816:
8815:
8811:
8801:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8762:
8755:
8751:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8723:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8710:
8707:
8700:
8696:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8671:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8659:Merton thesis
8657:
8656:
8654:
8649:
8645:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8611:Panbabylonism
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8592:
8591:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8542:
8537:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8497:
8493:
8490:
8486:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8453:
8449:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8408:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8391:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8356:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8339:
8332:
8328:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8287:
8286:
8282:
8281:
8280:
8277:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8174:
8173:United States
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8141:
8135:
8127:
8122:
8119:
8115:
8110:
8107:
8103:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8071:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8054:
8053:Bolivarianism
8051:
8047:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8036:Simon Bolivar
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7973:
7968:
7967:Joseph Stalin
7965:
7961:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7929:
7924:
7921:
7917:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7870:
7866:
7859:
7855:
7840:
7832:
7831:
7827:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7796:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7762:Post-Cold War
7760:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7736:Falklands War
7734:
7732:
7731:Iran–Iraq War
7729:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7679:Ongoing Nakba
7676:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7642:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7631:
7627:
7625:
7624:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7610:Western Front
7608:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7591:Bengal famine
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7572:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7505:The Holocaust
7502:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:Eastern Front
7454:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7398:
7395:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7335:
7328:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7292:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7277:
7274:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7242:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7188:
7187:Paris Commune
7185:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7173:
7172:Turning point
7170:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7124:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7107:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7076:18th and 19th
7074:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7022:
7021:Islamic views
7019:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6993:
6986:
6985:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6962:
6955:
6950:
6948:
6943:
6941:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6928:
6921:
6917:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6855:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6791:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6750:
6745:
6744:Ser de España
6742:
6738:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6714:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6605:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6593:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6565:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6382:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6335:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6162:Ottoman claim
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Prosopography
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6096:
6095:Trưng sisters
6093:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6015:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5933:
5928:
5925:
5921:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5887:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5842:Habsburg myth
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5750:United States
5747:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5711:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5683:Latin America
5680:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5600:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5560:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5370:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5307:
5303:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5276:Transnational
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5166:Decoloniality
5164:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5147:Historiometry
5145:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5091:Periodization
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5067:
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5019:
5016:
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5011:
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5006:
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5001:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
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4926:
4922:
4918:
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4913:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:Sigillography
4875:
4873:
4872:Prosopography
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4847:
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4843:
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4800:
4799:
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4789:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:Local history
4747:
4743:
4742:Human history
4740:
4739:
4738:
4737:World history
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
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4650:
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4608:
4605:
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4498:
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4477:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4434:at Wikiquote
4433:
4428:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4398:Bolesław Prus
4396:
4395:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4348:0-520-03479-1
4345:
4341:
4338:G.W. Trompf,
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4297:Sam Tanenhaus
4295:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4246:9780691174662
4243:
4239:
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4231:
4228:
4225:
4224:0-7656-0444-2
4221:
4217:
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4210:
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4206:
4201:
4197:
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4190:
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4116:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4072:Jackson Lears
4070:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:5-484-00559-0
4043:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4007:
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4001:
3998:
3995:
3994:0-394-54674-1
3991:
3987:
3985:
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3970:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:World History
3913:
3910:
3907:
3906:0-19-289255-X
3903:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3857:Penguin Press
3854:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3817:Ariel Dorfman
3815:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3804:Jared Diamond
3802:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3785:0-19-850154-4
3782:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3765:
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3759:
3756:
3755:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3674:Ariel Dorfman
3670:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3648:Ariel Dorfman
3644:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3622:Ariel Dorfman
3618:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3596:Ariel Dorfman
3592:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:Ariel Dorfman
3566:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3552:Sam Tanenhaus
3548:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3396:Penguin Press
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3368:9781608196708
3365:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3348:Thomas Powers
3344:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:John Vaillant
3250:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3099:Jackson Lears
3095:
3088:
3084:
3083:0-394-54674-1
3080:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2978:
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2923:
2916:
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2910:
2906:
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2897:
2890:
2884:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2832:
2829:" (1852), in
2828:
2822:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2726:9780691174662
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2660:0-88427-078-5
2657:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2631:
2625:, pp. 187–88.
2624:
2618:
2612:, pp. 186–87.
2611:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2582:, 1934–1961,
2581:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2474:0-7656-0444-2
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2437:0-19-850154-4
2434:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2395:
2392:G.W. Trompf,
2389:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2336:G.W. Trompf,
2333:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:Helen Vendler
2302:
2294:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2162:The original
2159:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2117:Groundhog Day
2111:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:sociophysics)
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:Smihula waves
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Peter Turchin
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
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1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
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1823:
1819:
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1802:
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1779:
1776:
1774:
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1768:
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1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1730:Boris Johnson
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:Cesare Borgia
1703:
1702:Julius Caesar
1699:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:Narendra Modi
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1567:Ariel Dorfman
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:Norman Mailer
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:Michael Gorra
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1353:fossil-fueled
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:John Vaillant
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:Thomas Hobbes
1255:
1250:
1248:
1247:tipping point
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:Joseph Stalin
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:Jane Stanford
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:Queen Jadwiga
1105:
1103:
1102:Hawaii Island
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Hernán Cortes
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:Thomas Becket
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
989:
987:
986:
981:
977:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
919:world history
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
881:
878:
870:
860:
856:
852:
846:
845:
840:This section
838:
829:
828:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:equilibrium.
796:
792:
787:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:United States
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:German Empire
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
678:
677:
672:
668:
661:
657:
653:
648:
643:
638:
635:
630:
626:
622:
621:ancient Greek
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
565:
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
546:Auguste Comte
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:environmental
388:
387:civilizations
384:
383:Mediterranean
380:
376:
372:
371:Apamea, Syria
368:
364:
356:
352:
343:
341:
337:
333:
332:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:Islamic world
306:
302:
298:
293:
292:(1889–1975).
291:
288:(1862–1936),
287:
284:(1668–1744),
283:
280:(1469–1527),
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
245:
241:
232:
230:
229:
223:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
112:human history
109:
105:
98:
94:
90:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
29:
28:
19:
8588:
8390:The Simpsons
8388:
8335:Other topics
8283:
8260:Christianity
8250:Resurrection
7881:Adolf Hitler
7710:Six-Day War
7706:Algerian War
7677: /
7636:Vichy France
7628:
7621:
7531: /
7419:World War II
7315: /
6982:
6975:
6777:Ghaza thesis
6700:
6676:
6662:White legend
6660: /
6658:Black legend
6613:Soviet Union
6503:
6496:
6484:
6447:Great Famine
6424:Indocentrism
6398:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6353:
6299:Grand Siècle
6297:
6278:
6246:Sinocentrism
6107:Ancient Rome
6087:
5945:Aryan Kartli
5943:
5735:
5698: /
5632:
5529:19th century
5527: /
5518: /
5483:
5476:
5475: /
5470:
5446:
5420: /
5394:Black legend
5352:Historiology
5336:
5149: /
5137:
5100:
5038:Quantitative
4961:
4957:Intellectual
4923: /
4919: /
4905: /
4903:Anthropology
4857:Phaleristics
4850:preservation
4845:Oral history
4786: /
4772: /
4754:Microhistory
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4499:
4490: /
4486:
4479:
4424:
4384:
4372:
4357:
4339:
4332:
4316:
4304:
4287:: from the
4282:
4281:Fred Spier,
4275:
4265:
4261:
4249:
4248:, 243 pp.),
4237:
4234:Robert Irwin
4215:
4203:
4199:
4183:
4180:Timothy Noah
4171:
4170:, 240 pp.),
4159:
4139:
4136:Peter Oborne
4125:
4113:
4107:
4106:, 287 pp.),
4095:
4079:
4065:
4055:
4036:
4023:
4019:
4003:
3982:
3979:Paul Kennedy
3972:
3969:Arthur Keith
3962:
3950:
3938:
3929:
3926:Martin Indyk
3915:
3897:
3890:
3878:
3866:
3852:
3842:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3807:
3794:
3773:
3761:
3752:Bibliography
3739:
3738:, 240 pp.),
3727:
3707:
3704:Peter Oborne
3695:
3685:
3681:
3669:
3659:
3655:
3643:
3633:
3629:
3617:
3607:
3603:
3591:
3581:
3577:
3565:
3555:
3547:
3537:
3529:
3519:
3515:
3503:
3493:
3489:
3477:
3467:
3463:
3451:
3441:
3433:
3423:
3418:
3389:
3381:
3371:
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2947:
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2163:
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2115:
2110:
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2026:Philosopher
2022:
2010:
1998:
1990:
1957:
1936:
1915:
1904:
1887:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1811:
1794:, a book by
1789:
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1773:Cliodynamics
1754:
1747:
1720:, Napoleon,
1718:Robert Clive
1691:
1686:
1652:
1631:Viktor Orbán
1627:Donald Trump
1576:
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1448:
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1366:
1361:
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1331:
1320:
1318:interests.
1304:forest fires
1274:
1251:
1198:
1194:Martin Indyk
1183:
1173:
1149:Adolf Hitler
1143:
1129:
1106:
1098:Christianize
1087:
1064:Quetzalcoatl
1060:Aztec Empire
1050:
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1006:(1079); and
990:
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970:
938:Adam Michnik
931:
911:Napoleon III
903:coups d'état
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864:
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816:
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778:(2014), and
752:Soviet Union
726:
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664:
640:
629:human nature
588:
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568:
512:body politic
493:
489:Roman Empire
446:
379:Carthaginian
369:, native to
359:
339:
335:
331:human nature
328:
321:
294:
251:cosmological
248:
226:
224:
219:
215:
213:
181:reproducible
158:
146:cosmological
143:
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103:
102:
96:
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8778:Hagiography
8539: [
8499:Early Islam
8353: [
8245:Historicity
8223:Historicity
8213:Jane Austen
8193:The Beatles
8163:Netherlands
8124: [
8121:Zhuge Liang
8112: [
8100: [
8097:Yuan Shikai
8068: [
8065:Sun Yat Tse
8044: [
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7970: [
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7926: [
7914: [
7906:Che Guevara
7639: [
7574:Pacific War
7358:Article 231
7348:Reparations
7325: [
7289: [
7266:Color books
7255:World War I
7239: [
7216:War of 1812
7121: [
7104: [
7089:(1792–1815)
7060:Sea Peoples
7045:Gallic Wars
6747: [
6735: [
6722:Revisionist
6711: [
6702:Reconquista
6692: [
6684:Inquisition
6678:Convivencia
6602: [
6590: [
6562: [
6459:Revisionism
6384: [
6332: [
6320: [
6308: [
6289: [
6231:Golden ages
6200: [
6197:Wunu School
6192:Archaeology
6065:Switzerland
6048:Kosovo Myth
6036:Great Union
6017: [
6002:Philippines
5985:Nationalist
5958:Ages of Man
5930: [
5918: [
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5872: [
5708: [
5705:Revisionist
5597: [
5534:Renaissance
5399:Coloniality
5367: [
5355: [
5347:Historicity
5271:Revisionist
5261:Pop history
5232:Nationalist
5206: [
5151:Cliometrics
5119:Approaches,
5075:Methodology
4971:Linguistics
4921:Environment
4887:Vexillology
4810:Diplomatics
4793:Chorography
4732:Big History
4684:War diaries
4657:Illuminated
4652:Manuscripts
4637:Hieroglyphs
4517:historicity
4410:communities
4404:", an 1884
4369:Paul Wilson
4301:Martin Amis
4291:until Today
4285:Big History
4000:Ibn Khaldun
3916:Rethinking
3845:, volume I.
3841:(1852), in
3797:Big History
3358:Nuclear War
2953:16 November
2901:Jenny Uglow
2843:Paul Wilson
2543:, p. 3 and
2490:Ibn Khaldun
2452:, pp. 6–15.
2273:Twain, Mark
1889:Never again
1508:John Updike
1504:Philip Roth
1496:Saul Bellow
1475:Martin Amis
1468:Martin Amis
1377:nuclear war
1316:fossil-fuel
1312:mendacities
1266:empirically
1217:attritional
1169:Third Reich
1026:Kublai Khan
942:inquisitors
764:Vietnam War
740:Crimean War
681:Prolegomena
671:Ibn Khaldun
652:Ibn Khaldun
543:sociologist
473:aristocracy
363:Poseidonius
340:parallelism
313:Ibn Khaldun
267:rhetorician
259:Hellenistic
189:observation
150:metaphysics
8849:Categories
8833:Multimedia
8652:Technology
8616:Urreligion
8519:Kharijites
8470:Background
8138:Historical
8109:Zhou Enlai
8004:Mao Zedong
7999:Louis Riel
7772:Background
7623:Guilty Men
7565:Uniqueness
7488:Background
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7407:Background
7340:Versailles
7194:Great Game
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6836:Tudor myth
6554:Partitions
6147:Succession
5437:Narratives
5422:Presentism
5378:Philosophy
5198:Humanistic
5086:Case study
5018:Indigenous
4996:Diplomatic
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4840:Onomastics
4798:Chronology
4627:Facsimiles
4612:Chronicles
4510:historians
4481:Historians
4406:microstory
4354:Mark Twain
4325:, 1934–61.
4264:, vol. 1:
4152:Colin Kidd
4005:Muqadimmah
3720:Colin Kidd
3404:1594202273
2927:Ross Cordy
2812:, vol. 1:
2256:References
2003:recurrence
1999:occurrence
1995:Mark Twain
1975:Zipf's law
1906:Repetition
1767:Big Bounce
1726:Tony Blair
1236:biologists
1224:geologists
1068:James Cook
960:, someone
956:, someone
950:terrorists
907:Napoleon I
851:improve it
724:or state.
650:Statue of
625:Thucydides
623:historian
574:Florentine
508:life cycle
261:historian
209:humanities
185:experiment
169:technology
97:occurrence
93:Mark Twain
8621:Perennial
8410:Economics
8362:Feudalism
8148:Australia
7896:Aurangzeb
7872:Political
7862:By person
7543:Pius Wars
7338:Treaty of
6997:conflicts
6804:Poor Laws
6667:Hispanism
6544:Sarmatism
6374:Sonderweg
6132:Expansion
5857:Litvinism
5691:Argentina
5525:Long 18th
5408:Dark Ages
5188:Historism
4986:Political
4925:Geography
4862:Philology
4825:Genealogy
4820:Epigraphy
4763:By source
4602:Artifacts
3758:Casey Cep
3534:Casey Cep
3167:Jan Bloch
3056:1532-7949
2987:, p. 410.
2697:, p. 258.
2684:, p. 256.
2599:, p. 192.
2560:, p. 185.
2149:Muqaddima
1749:Amor fati
1687:Strongmen
1663:Ceaușescu
1615:democracy
1579:Mussolini
1554: ...
1548:caudillos
1421:Casey Cep
1220:total war
1209:mobilized
1201:Jan Bloch
1163:, born a
1119:'s widow
1107:Poland's
1092:, in the
1046:hurricane
1042:Philip II
1022:Mongolian
1018:(1170).
991:Poland's
932:However,
899:Karl Marx
855:verifying
813:out-group
795:Victorian
676:Muqaddima
673:, in his
539:Aristotle
453:Byzantine
440:tribe in
434:historian
415:Macedonia
365:(a Greek
324:paradigms
317:Asabiyyah
154:causality
131:antiquity
8823:Category
8738:template
8452:Religion
8303:Socrates
8218:Muhammed
8140:rankings
8021:Napoleon
7839:Category
7657:Cold War
7560:Slovakia
7147:Waterloo
7016:Crusades
6961:Military
6809:Scotland
6767:Kemalist
6089:Nam tiến
6084:Vietnam
6074:Ukraine
6032:Romania
6014:Portugal
5940:Georgia
5915:Medieval
5864:Bulgaria
5853:Belarus
5838:Austria
5644:Americas
5612:Morocco
5608:Ethiopia
5387:Specific
5310:Concepts
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5173:Feminist
5161:Critical
5008:Feminism
4981:Military
4935:Business
4930:Economic
4912:Cultural
4896:By topic
4882:Toponymy
4830:Heraldry
4778:template
4725:By scale
4647:Logbooks
4632:Features
4597:Archives
4306:Newsweek
4289:Big Bang
4158:, eds.,
3868:Newsweek
3726:, eds.,
3557:Newsweek
3398:, 2013,
2971:(2003).
2750:, 1988,
2504:Archived
2439:, p. 55.
2275:(1903).
2165:kamikaze
2093:In 1814
1822:Big Bang
1820:, 1848 (
1762:Big Bang
1736:See also
1698:politics
1603:Idi Amin
1591:Pinochet
1543:Nostromo
1494:such as
1485:was the
1308:cyclones
1296:droughts
1205:railroad
1165:Georgian
1153:Austrian
1136:Corsican
1132:Napoleon
1076:Makahiki
1034:typhoons
1024:Emperor
1016:Henry II
993:Catholic
980:Plutarch
946:heretics
809:in-group
782:(2017).
774:(2010),
762:and the
754:and the
746:and the
738:and the
720:asabiyya
711:religion
707:cohesion
703:clannism
690:asabiyya
669:scholar
634:Discorsi
536:polymath
496:metaphor
483:; after
477:monarchy
465:Hannibal
367:polymath
263:Polybius
244:Polybius
8758:Related
8648:Science
8293:Madonna
8265:Judaism
8228:Judaism
8060:Saladin
7950:Hypatia
7874:leaders
7798:Related
7751:Origins
7714:Origins
7665:Origins
7221:Origins
7167:Origins
7033:Origins
6895:Oceania
6858:British
6796:Kingdom
6439:Ireland
6346:Germany
6054:Sweden
5927:New Age
5903:Ancient
5899:Europe
5895:Croatia
5827:Albania
5820:Eurasia
5622:Rwanda
5320:General
5220:Marxist
5121:schools
4950:Thought
4917:Ecology
4679:Scrolls
4617:Codices
4585:Sources
4524:history
4501:History
4414:empires
4268:, 1905.
4198:, ed.,
4008:, 1377.
3965:, 1959.
3893:, 1988.
3859:, 2011.
3514:, ed.,
3360:Planner
3240:, ed.,
3173:, 1898.
2816:, 1905.
2396:, p. 3.
2312:, ed.,
2238:Kennedy
2143:Toynbee
2057:and in
2030:quotes
1833:Fractal
1824:theory)
1667:Suharto
1629:, with
1515:tyrants
1483:Britain
1381:history
1371:author
1284:physics
1270:inertly
1238:', and
1190:empires
1186:nations
1038:Spanish
1008:England
996:Primate
923:tragedy
849:Please
715:regimes
701:", or "
685:nomadic
660:Tunisia
578:Italian
504:analogy
481:tyranny
449:Zosimus
436:from a
419:empires
403:Assyria
395:Toynbee
346:Lessons
297:Chinese
235:Authors
228:déjà vu
193:natural
165:science
116:empires
108:history
49:Please
8384:Salons
8186:Others
8153:Canada
7787:Causes
7724:Causes
7699:Causes
7493:Spirit
7427:Causes
7397:Causes
7262:Causes
7231:Causes
7204:Causes
7182:Causes
7113:Causes
6860:Empire
6794:United
6760:Turkey
6575:Russia
6549:Deluge
6532:Poland
6272:France
6070:Taiwan
6043:Serbia
5849:Balhae
5700:Causes
5651:Canada
5585:Egypt
5578:Africa
5102:Tarikh
5023:Labour
5013:Gender
5003:Social
4803:dating
4669:Papyri
4592:Annals
4346:
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2478:passim
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2342:passim
2208:energy
1679:putsch
1659:Stalin
1645:, and
1625:, and
1609:, and
1597:, and
1587:Franco
1583:Hitler
1581:until
1506:, and
1479:novels
1457:Again.
1429:racism
1306:, and
1300:floods
1145:Führer
1072:Hawaii
1056:Mexico
1036:; and
934:Poland
817:ad hoc
758:; the
750:; the
742:; the
695:Arabic
627:, saw
610:rovina
604:rovina
524:Florus
520:Seneca
516:Cicero
500:polity
498:for a
469:Cannae
461:Greece
438:Celtic
413:, and
411:Persia
305:Heaven
120:polity
8631:Roman
8543:]
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8270:Islam
8240:Jesus
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6606:]
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6473:Italy
6411:India
6388:]
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5975:Japan
5964:Iran
5953:Greek
5934:]
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5876:]
5737:Casta
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5601:]
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5359:]
5210:]
5050:Women
5045:Urban
5033:Rural
5028:LGBTQ
4784:Books
4622:Deeds
4559:Types
2133:view.
2082:sorts
1982:Notes
1816:, by
1439:, in
1040:King
1030:Japan
927:farce
915:Hegel
656:Tunis
616:virtù
592:virtù
431:Roman
407:Media
375:Roman
8722:list
7317:1917
6329:Lyon
5800:Eras
5719:Peru
5454:list
5401:and
5281:Whig
4488:list
4412:and
4344:ISBN
4242:ISBN
4220:ISBN
4164:ISBN
4154:and
4144:ISBN
4115:NYRB
4100:ISBN
4084:ISBN
4042:ISBN
3990:ISBN
3943:ISBN
3902:ISBN
3781:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3722:and
3712:ISBN
3400:ISBN
3364:ISBN
3127:ISBN
3111:ISBN
3079:ISBN
3052:ISSN
2977:ISBN
2955:2010
2866:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2470:ISBN
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2177:The
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944:and
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