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founded New
Philadelphia, the present-day eastern part of downtown. Dexter envisioned his town would one day grow to prominence; he set aside a hilltop known as "Goat Hill" as the future location for the state capitol building. New Philadelphia soon prospered, and Scott and his associates built a
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due to a patron failing to extinguish a tobacco pipe properly before placing it in his coat pocket, and early efforts to extinguish it by the staff failed. The casualties included 26 dead, including former
Alabama Public Service Commissioner Ed Pepper, who had been indicted earlier that day by a
333:. A legacy of the towns' merger can be seen today in the alignment of downtown streets: streets to the east of Court Street are aligned in a north–south and east–west grid, while streets to the west are aligned parallel and perpendicular to the Alabama River.
259:
in August 1814, the Creek tribes were forced to give the majority of their lands to the U.S., including most of central and southern
Alabama. When the hostile faction of Creeks that populated the Alabama River's banks moved south, the area became open for
372:
on Goat Hill, the site set aside by Andrew Dexter 29 years earlier. The new building was ready for the 1847-48 legislature session, but on
December 14, 1849, the building burned to the ground. It was rebuilt using the same plans and completed in 1851.
607:
upheld the ruling in
November, the city desegregated the bus system, and the boycott was ended. King gained nationwide fame as a result of the Boycott. He remained in Montgomery until 1960, during which time he led the founding of the
701:
On
February 7, 1967, a devastating fire broke out at Dale's Penthouse, a restaurant and lounge on the top floor of the Walter Bragg Smith apartment building (now Capital Towers) at 7 Clayton Street downtown. The fire started in the
651:
officials who attempted to intervene. Police eventually intervened—and served the riders with injunctions for inciting violence. Days later, more riders departed
Montgomery to continue the ride, only to be arrested upon reaching
935:
647:, Governor Patterson pledged to protect the riders during their journey from Birmingham to Montgomery, but Montgomery city police did not continue to protect the riders. They were met by a mob who beat the riders and
766:'s first manufacturing plant in the United States. The city government is active in restoring the downtown area, and in 2007 adopted a master plan, which included revitalization of Court Square and the riverfront.
305:
new town adjacent, calling it East
Alabama Town. The towns became rivals, but merged on December 3, 1819, and were incorporated as the city of Montgomery. The new city was named for General
453:
348:. In 1822, the city became the county seat, and a new courthouse was built at the present location of Court Square, at the foot of Market Street (now Dexter Avenue). In April 1825,
739:
353:
1748:
596:
512:. The system made Montgomery one of the first cities to "depopulate" its residential areas at the city center through transportation-facilitated suburban development.
181:
472:, to be closer to the primary areas of battle. As a result, Montgomery remained virtually untouched by conflict during the war. On April 12, 1865, following the
389:
As state capital, Montgomery began to have a great influence over state politics, but would also play a prominent role on the national stage. Montgomery resident
293:
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in the
Supreme Court building rotunda. The ensuing demonstrations by supporters and opponents alike brought national attention to Montgomery. In 2005,
364:
by 1851. Due in large part to its transportation connections and central location in the state, the legislature decided to move the state capital from
240:
gave the land north of the 31st parallel to the United States. This part of West
Florida, including the southern half of Montgomery, became part of the
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828:
516:
and Highland Park saw much of their growth during the height of the Lightning Route. On March 19, 1910, Montgomery became the winter home of the
1482:
296:. The group founded Alabama Town about 2 miles (3 km) downstream from present-day downtown. In June 1818, county courts were moved from
1518:
1735:
1718:
Hines, Ralph H., and James E. Pierce. "Negro Leadership After the Social Crisis: An Analysis of Leadership Changes in Montgomery, Alabama."
101:
52:
212:. The boundary line (32° 28′ north latitude) ran just north of present-day Montgomery. The northern portion later became part of the
35:
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blocking Black people from registering to vote. Following the shooting of a man after a civil rights rally, the leaders decided to
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1338:
720:
349:
56:
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who lived on the opposite side the river were adept mound builders. The first Europeans to come through central Alabama were
1771:
Retzlaff, Rebecca. "Desegregation of city parks and the civil rights movement: the case of Oak Park in Montgomery, Alabama."
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to allow free voter registration. After meeting with resistance from state troopers, an incident that became known as "
604:
568:
357:
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639:, attempting to test desegregation laws on inter-state buses, arrived in Montgomery. After meeting with violence in
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and his expedition, who came through Ikanatchati and camped for one week in Towassa in 1540. It is also likely that
40:
734:. ASF ranks as the fifth largest Shakespearean venue in the world. 1996 saw the construction of Montgomery's first
380:
Jefferson Davis was inaugurated president of the Confederacy on the steps of the State Capitol on February 18, 1861.
94:
683:
authorized the march. By March 24, the marchers reached Montgomery, and the group camped and held a rally at the
775:
336:
Due in large part to the cotton trade, the newly united Montgomery grew quickly. In October 1821, the steamboat
326:
236:(who had received West Florida from the British in a separate treaty) and the United States until 1795, when the
45:
1753:
Kohl, Herbert. "The politics of children's literature: The story of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott."
1660:
Burton, Gary P., "The Founding Four Churches: An Overview of Baptist Beginnings in Montgomery County, Alabama",
727:
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lunch counter to protest segregation. After the involved students were expelled at the insistence of Governor
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441:
398:
176:
The next recorded European movements in the area happened well over a century later, when an expedition from
122:
121:. It became the state capital in 1846. In February 1861, Montgomery was selected as the first capital of the
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166:
1743:
Kenny, Stephen C. "‘I can do the child no good’: Dr Sims and the Enslaved Infants of Montgomery, Alabama."
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and his colonists traveled through the Montgomery area on their way from Nanipacana to Coosa in northwest
1667:
Newton, Wesley Phillips. "The origins and early development of civil aviation in Montgomery, 1910-1946."
864:
668:
138:
87:
838:
834:
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414:
310:
285:
265:
225:
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Kennedy, Randall. "Martin Luther King's constitution: a legal history of the Montgomery bus boycott."
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went down the Alabama River in 1697. The first permanent European settler in the Montgomery area was
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29:
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After McQueen's arrival, European immigration to the area was slow in coming; Abraham Mordecai of
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Hanbury, Dallas. "Documenting Slavery at the Local Level: Montgomery, Alabama; A Case Study."
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with the Alibamu. The British gained the former French and Spanish possessions east of the
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524:. The men frequented Montgomery and founded several airfields, one of which developed into
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In 1886 Montgomery became the first city in the United States to install citywide electric
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settlers. Between 1814 and 1816, Arthur Moore built a cabin near the current location of
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417:, which passed on January 11, 1861. Beginning February 4, representatives from Alabama,
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213:
129:, in May of that year. During the mid-20th century, Montgomery was a primary site in the
114:
1313:
583:, a lawyer and local civil rights advocate, to organize the boycott. Nixon, along with
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after the Wrights began working with the government to produce planes for military use.
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that night. The next morning, the march reached the Capitol, and King gave a speech,
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Martin Luther King would return to Montgomery in 1965. Local civil rights leaders in
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452:. The convention and subsequent Confederate government activities were based at the
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292:. The first group of settlers to come to the Montgomery area was headed by General
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was formed, and its lands were sold off the next year at the federal land office in
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Montgomery: History - Early Days in Montgomery, Lafayette's Visit a Local Highlight
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Montgomery continues to grow and diversify. In 1985, longtime resident and former
468:, which served as the telegraph office. On May 29, 1861, the capital was moved to
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Williams, Clanton W. "Early Ante-Bellum Montgomery: A Black-Belt Constituency."
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1314:"Montgomery Bus Boycott: The story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement"
1080:
672:
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was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, sparking the
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to Montgomery, on January 28, 1846. The city paid for the construction of the
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in 1797. Georgia's western territory was integrated into Mississippi in 1804.
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Through Others' Eyes: Published Accounts of Antebellum Montgomery, Alabama
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679:", Dr. King joined the effort. The march began on March 21, after Judge
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117:, was incorporated in 1819, as a merger of two towns situated along the
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635:, thousands of students marched on the capitol. On May 20, 1961, the
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Montgomery in the Good War: Portrait of a Southern City, 1939–1946
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to the northeast of the future Montgomery, serving primarily as a
1554:
Kleffman, Todd (2003-08-17), "Thousands rally for Commandments",
500:
The Wright Brothers opened a flying school in Montgomery in 1910.
422:
1523:, Emporis, Inc., archived from the original on February 28, 2007
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ruled that Montgomery's bus segregation was illegal. After the
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trader who came to the area in 1716. In 1717, the French built
624:
318:
444:. Montgomery was named the first capital of the nation, and
233:
232:. The southern border of the territory was disputed between
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in 1764. In 1767, Alabama's area was divided between the
1764:
The Montgomery bus boycott: A history and reference guide
1484:
Alabama Shakespeare Festival Presents Theater at its Best
1431:
1686:
Confederate Home Front: Montgomery During the Civil War
1347:
Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute
961:
Trail of Tears The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation
936:
Goldring / Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life
750:
erected a 5,280-pound (2,395 kg) monument of the
321:. Montgomery County had already been named for Major
1211:
413:, Yancey led charge for Alabama's secession from the
149:
Prior to European colonization, the left bank of the
1140:
William Lowndes Yancey: The Coming of the Civil War
1076:
Historical Sketches: The Western Railway of Alabama
907:
How the States Got Their Shapes (paperback edition)
792:
790:
483:
1625:Bibliography of the history of Montgomery, Alabama
1392:Civil Rights Movement Timeline 1961: Freedom Rides
958:
886:The Dominion of British West Florida History index
1701:
1020:, New York City: G. P. Putnam's Sons, p. 384
448:was inaugurated as president on the steps of the
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280:Andrew Dexter, one of the founders of Montgomery
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1462:PSC's Ed Pepper Indicted by Federal Grand Jury
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978:
726:donated 250 acres (1 km) of land for the
456:near Court Square. On April 11, the order to
384:
1383:
1100:Neeley, Mary Ann Oglesby (November 6, 2008),
95:
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401:, where he became an outspoken supporter of
251:arrived in 1785 and later brought the first
1601:, Dover, Kohl, and Partners, archived from
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819:
817:
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492:1887 bird's eye illustration of Montgomery.
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860:French Colonies in America - Fort Toulouse
409:" stance of slavery and secession. After
405:. He traveled the country spreading his "
157:of Native Americans. The Alibamu and the
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88:
1547:
1511:
1453:
1412:Thornton III, J. Mills (March 14, 2007),
1366:"Modern Civil Rights Movement in Alabama"
1331:
1131:
1119:
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1572:Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama; LLC
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1363:
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610:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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495:
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125:, until the seat of government moved to
1364:Jeffries, Hasan Kwame (June 17, 2008),
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947:
851:
1781:
1630:
1598:Montgomery Downtown Plan and SmartCode
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1217:
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508:along a system that was nicknamed the
255:to Alabama. Following the end of the
1265:Ennels, Jerome A. (October 8, 2007),
1218:Hébert, Keith S. (October 23, 2007),
1017:Historic Towns of the Southern States
985:Lewis, Herbert J. (August 31, 2007),
984:
904:
1688:(University of Alabama Press, 2001).
1563:
1237:
953:
898:
599:in Montgomery. In June 1956, Judge
544:were lynched over a two-day period.
1185:Historic Alabama Hotels and Resorts
1079:, Old Alabama Rails, archived from
922:
756:Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama
480:captured Montgomery for the Union.
144:
13:
1639:, Mobile: Mobile Register print.,
1618:
1340:Montgomery Improvement Association
1072:
830:Montgomery County, Alabama History
569:Montgomery Improvement Association
411:Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860
228:, gave Georgia's territory to the
14:
1800:
1295:Something is Rotten in Montgomery
909:, HarperCollins, pp. 11–17,
867:Center for Archaeological Studies
1311:
1163:Alabama's Ordinance of Secession
484:Reconstruction and modernization
71:
1395:, Civil Rights Movement Archive
1284:
1182:Sulzby, James Fredrick (1989),
1155:
776:Timeline of Montgomery, Alabama
354:grand tour of the United States
1789:History of Montgomery, Alabama
1702:Black history and civil rights
1267:"Wright Brother Flying School"
1060:
1036:
1010:
728:Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts
714:
300:to Alabama Town. Soon after,
1:
1664:(Spring 2012), 47#1 pp 39–51.
781:
526:Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base
442:Confederate States of America
399:U.S. House of Representatives
393:served in both houses of the
123:Confederate States of America
1662:Baptist History and Heritage
1125:
1048:
732:Alabama Shakespeare Festival
696:
577:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
557:modern civil rights movement
460:, the act which started the
7:
1693:Journal of Southern History
1681:(U of Alabama Press, 2000).
1494:Elderhostel, archived from
1414:"Selma to Montgomery March"
865:University of South Alabama
769:
555:, Montgomery "nurtured the
385:Montgomery in the Civil War
139:Selma to Montgomery marches
10:
1805:
1745:Social history of medicine
1622:
835:Montgomery County, Alabama
693:, to the crowd of 25,000.
360:opened, and grew to reach
352:visited Montgomery on his
311:American Revolutionary War
226:American Revolutionary War
167:Tristán de Luna y Arellano
1677:Newton, Wesley Phillips.
1539:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1138:Walther, Eric H. (2006),
965:, Anchor Books Editions,
615:In 1960, inspired by the
395:Alabama State Legislature
1773:Journal of Urban History
1684:Rogers, William Warren.
1654:(NewSouth Books, 2014).
1631:Berney, Saffold (1878),
340:began running along the
327:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
272:Founding and early years
224:(1783), which ended the
78:United States portal
1762:Phibbs, Cheryl Fisher.
1419:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1371:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1272:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1225:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1107:Encyclopedia of Alabama
992:Encyclopedia of Alabama
542:three African Americans
1747:20.2 (2007): 223-241.
1722:26.2 (1965): 162-172.
1711:73.3 (2020): 223-245.
1520:RSA Towers, Montgomery
1246:Charles J. Van Depoele
633:John Malcolm Patterson
573:Martin Luther King Jr.
565:Montgomery bus boycott
559:." In December 1955,
501:
493:
391:William Lowndes Yancey
381:
313:attempting to capture
290:Milledgeville, Georgia
281:
135:Montgomery bus boycott
1775:47.4 (2021): 715-752.
1695:7.4 (1941): 495-525.
1557:Montgomery Advertiser
1440:Dale's Penthouse Fire
1319:Montgomery Advertiser
1190:University of Alabama
1012:Powell, Lyman Pierson
764:Hyundai Motor Company
758:was founded, marking
744:Alabama Supreme Court
709:Video account of fire
707:Federal Grand Jury. (
671:to petition Governor
621:Alabama State College
591:, argued the case of
575:, then the pastor of
549:University of Alabama
532:Civil Rights Movement
499:
491:
379:
279:
242:Mississippi Territory
238:Treaty of San Lorenzo
202:French and Indian War
153:was inhabited by the
131:Civil Rights Movement
1757:173.1 (1991): 35-50.
1755:Journal of Education
1192:Press, p. 128,
905:Stein, Mark (2008),
663:had been protesting
654:Jackson, Mississippi
623:organized their own
522:Wright Flying School
464:, was sent from the
350:Marquis de Lafayette
323:Lemuel P. Montgomery
210:British West Florida
1650:Benton, Jeffrey C.
1637:Handbook of Alabama
1345:Stanford University
1073:Hanson, Robert H.,
987:"Montgomery County"
931:Montgomery, Alabama
669:march to Montgomery
597:U.S. District Court
458:fire on Fort Sumter
362:West Point, Georgia
358:Montgomery Railroad
115:Montgomery, Alabama
1671:57.1 (2004): 6-25
1443:, gendisasters.com
1168:2007-10-12 at the
721:Postmaster General
690:How Long, Not Long
649:Justice Department
617:Greensboro sit-ins
502:
494:
470:Richmond, Virginia
462:American Civil War
382:
325:, who fell at the
309:, who died in the
307:Richard Montgomery
282:
127:Richmond, Virginia
20:History of Alabama
1766:(ABC-CLIO, 2009).
1492:Auburn University
1199:978-0-8173-5309-4
1149:978-0-7394-8030-4
916:978-0-06-143138-8
438:met in Montgomery
302:Andrew Dexter Jr.
286:Montgomery County
198:Mississippi River
112:
111:
53:African-Americans
1796:
1734:98 (1988): 999+
1732:Yale Law Journal
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752:Ten Commandments
685:City of St. Jude
681:Frank M. Johnson
619:, students from
601:Frank M. Johnson
593:Browder v. Gayle
476:, Major General
370:Capitol building
356:. In 1832, the
218:State of Georgia
163:Hernando de Soto
145:Early settlement
133:, including the
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1220:"Wilson's Raid"
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802:, city-data.com
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629:State Capitol's
571:was created by
534:
518:Wright brothers
510:Lightning Route
486:
478:James H. Wilson
474:Battle of Selma
466:Winter Building
446:Jefferson Davis
387:
274:
222:Treaty of Paris
216:and later U.S.
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1709:Alabama Review
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1669:Alabama Review
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746:Chief Justice
716:
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698:
695:
673:George Wallace
637:Freedom Riders
533:
530:
485:
482:
454:Exchange Hotel
435:South Carolina
403:states' rights
386:
383:
273:
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206:Indian Reserve
200:following the
146:
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110:
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107:
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67:
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41:U.S. Civil War
38:
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1656:online review
1653:
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1626:
1605:on 2016-01-13
1604:
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1579:on 2019-09-16
1578:
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1501:on 2008-12-18
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1293:(2009-05-02)
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1083:on 2009-02-12
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972:0-385-23953-X
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841:on 2007-02-22
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724:Winton Blount
722:
712:
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694:
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678:
677:Bloody Sunday
674:
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665:Jim Crow laws
662:
657:
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634:
630:
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605:Supreme Court
602:
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589:Clifford Durr
586:
582:
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547:According to
545:
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511:
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450:State Capitol
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342:Alabama River
339:
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263:
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230:United States
227:
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190:Fort Toulouse
187:
183:
182:James McQueen
179:
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172:
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160:
156:
155:Alibamu tribe
152:
151:Alabama River
142:
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136:
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128:
124:
120:
119:Alabama River
116:
105:
100:
98:
93:
91:
86:
85:
83:
82:
79:
69:
68:
63:
62:
58:
54:
49:
47:
44:
42:
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37:
36:Pre-statehood
34:
32:
31:
27:
26:
25:
24:
21:
18:
17:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1744:
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1708:
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1685:
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1668:
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1651:
1636:
1633:"Montgomery"
1607:, retrieved
1603:the original
1597:
1591:
1581:, retrieved
1577:the original
1571:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1525:, retrieved
1519:
1513:
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1496:the original
1483:
1477:
1467:, retrieved
1461:
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1439:
1433:
1423:, retrieved
1418:
1407:
1397:, retrieved
1391:
1385:
1375:, retrieved
1370:
1359:
1349:, retrieved
1339:
1333:
1323:, retrieved
1317:
1307:
1298:
1291:Beito, David
1286:
1276:, retrieved
1271:
1260:
1250:, retrieved
1245:
1239:
1229:, retrieved
1224:
1213:
1203:, retrieved
1184:
1177:
1161:The text of
1157:
1139:
1133:
1121:
1111:, retrieved
1106:
1102:"Montgomery"
1095:
1085:, retrieved
1081:the original
1075:
1068:
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1032:
1022:, retrieved
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996:, retrieved
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980:
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906:
900:
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885:
879:
869:, retrieved
859:
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839:the original
829:
804:, retrieved
798:
760:South Korean
742:. In 2001,
718:
700:
688:
658:
614:
546:
535:
503:
440:to form the
388:
337:
335:
298:Fort Jackson
283:
249:Pennsylvania
246:
194:trading post
175:
148:
113:
51:
28:
1312:Hare, Ken,
715:Present day
595:before the
553:David Beito
536:During the
506:street cars
431:Mississippi
397:and in the
315:Quebec City
1623:See also:
1609:2008-08-23
1583:2009-01-11
1527:2008-08-23
1505:2009-01-11
1469:2012-12-11
1447:2012-12-11
1425:2009-05-16
1399:2009-03-28
1377:2009-03-28
1351:2009-05-02
1325:2009-05-02
1278:2009-05-02
1252:2008-12-14
1231:2009-05-02
1205:2009-05-02
1113:2009-05-02
1087:2009-02-11
1024:2009-01-31
998:2009-01-31
955:Ehle, John
941:2009-01-31
892:2009-05-02
871:2009-05-02
845:2009-01-23
806:2009-01-11
782:References
762:automaker
736:skyscraper
645:Birmingham
581:E.D. Nixon
561:Rosa Parks
551:historian
538:Red Summer
514:Cloverdale
407:fire-eater
366:Tuscaloosa
294:John Scott
253:cotton gin
46:Since 1900
1645:24232267M
1128:, p. 1039
1051:, p. 1038
748:Roy Moore
740:RSA Tower
704:cloakroom
697:1967 fire
585:Fred Gray
540:of 1919,
427:Louisiana
331:Creek War
284:In 1816,
257:Creek War
159:Coushatta
1783:Category
1535:citation
1465:, al.com
1166:Archived
1063:, p. 388
1039:, p. 393
1014:(1904),
957:(1989),
770:See also
730:and the
641:Anniston
214:Province
186:Scottish
178:Carolina
137:and the
61:Politics
50:Topics:
627:at the
567:. The
423:Florida
419:Georgia
338:Harriet
329:in the
171:Georgia
30:By year
1749:online
1736:online
1724:online
1720:Phylon
1643:
1196:
1146:
1061:Powell
1037:Powell
969:
913:
738:, the
625:sit-in
579:, and
433:, and
346:Mobile
319:Canada
220:. The
57:Cities
1499:(PDF)
1488:(PDF)
661:Selma
415:Union
262:white
234:Spain
1541:link
1194:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1126:Owen
1049:Owen
967:ISBN
911:ISBN
643:and
587:and
208:and
184:, a
344:to
1785::
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