History of New Orleans

980: 329: 381: 29: 1977:, left office after a scandal-ridden administration, his chosen successor badly defeated by reform candidate Walter C. Flower. But Fitzpatrick and his associates quickly regrouped, organizing themselves on 29 December into the Choctaw Club, which soon received considerable patronage from Louisiana governor and Fitzpatrick ally Murphy Foster. Fitzpatrick, a power at the 1898 Louisiana Constitutional Convention, was instrumental in exempting immigrants from the new educational and property requirements designed to disenfranchise blacks. In 1899 he managed the successful mayoral campaign of Bourbon candidate 1724: 1454: 2105: 368: 1752: 1363: 315: 859:. The architectural character of the French Quarter, including multi-storied buildings centered around inner courtyards, large arched doorways, and the use of decorative wrought iron, were ubiquitous in parts of Spain and the Spanish colonies, although precedents in French colonial and even Anglo-colonial America exist. Spanish influence on the urban landscape in New Orleans may be attributed to the fact that the period of Spanish rule saw a great deal of immigration from all over the Atlantic, including Spain and the Canary Islands, and the Spanish colonies. 2493: 4876: 2312: 1688: 2621:

hardest with the towns of Creole, Cameron, Grand Chenier, Johnson Bayou, and Holly Beach being totally demolished. Records around the Hackberry area show that wind gusts reached over 180 mph at a boat tied up to a dock. The people were told to be evacuated by Thursday, September 22, 2005, by 6:00 pm. Two days later, parish officials returned to the Gibbstown Bridge that crosses the Intracoastal Canal into Lower Cameron Parish. No one was known to be left in the parish as of that time on Thursday, September 22, 2005.

2422: 296: 179: 583: 343: 2120: 1870: 394: 357: 1348:-speakers to remain a majority of the white population until almost 1830. If a substantial proportion of free persons of color and slaves had not also spoken French, however, the Gallic community would have become a minority of the total population as early as 1820." Large numbers of German and Irish immigrants began arriving at this time. The population of the city doubled in the 1830s and by 1840 New Orleans had become the wealthiest and third-most populous city in the nation. 1581: 2189: 269: 1001: 572: 8320: 6034: 4120: 659: 1592: 2917:

necessarily a permanent residence for any one group of people, though it hosted peoples from the Chitimacha, Choctaw, Ishak, Tunica, and Natchez nations, to name just a few. (Comeaux herself is Acadian-Creole Métis of Ishak descent). The river was known by this community as Malboncha, which means "river of many tongues" ("Mississippi" is also a native word, but not one that comes from the Bulbancha area)

2045:, beginning in the late 18th century and periodically throughout the 19th century. Doctors did not understand how the diseases were transmitted; primitive sanitation and lack of a public water system contributed to public health problems, as did the highly transient population of sailors and immigrants. The city successfully suppressed a final outbreak of yellow fever in 1905. (See below, 20th century.) 810:. A year later, the Spanish reasserted control, executing five ringleaders and sending five plotters to a prison in Cuba, and formally instituting Spanish law. Other members of the rebellion were forgiven as long as they pledged loyalty to Spain. Although a Spanish governor was in New Orleans, it was under the jurisdiction of the Spanish garrison in Cuba. 2641:

While many residents and businesses returned to the task of rebuilding the city, the effects of the hurricane on the economy and demographics of the city are expected to be dramatic and long term. As of March 2006, more than half of New Orleanians had yet to return to the city, and there were doubts

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Wharf along the Mississippi River. Amazingly, there were no deaths in the accident, although about 66 were injured. Fifteen shops and 456 hotel rooms were demolished. The freightliner was unable to be removed from the crash site until January 6, 1997, by which time the site had become something of a

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protecting the city from high water events on the Mississippi and Lake compounded this problem, as they also kept rainwater in, which tended to concentrate in the lower areas. 19th century steam pumps were set up on canals to push the water out, but these early efforts proved inadequate to the task.

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that began on November 8, 1892. But, like other southern cities and towns, African Americans were barred from a range of employment possibilities, including police officers, and firefighters. No black child was allowed an education at a public high school in the city. From hotels, parks, museums and

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had been signed but before the news had reached across the Atlantic), a direct attack was made on the now strongly-entrenched line of defenders at Chalmette, near the Mississippi River. It failed disastrously with a loss of 2,000 out of 9,000 British troops engaged, among the dead being Pakenham and

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was elected mayor. A former cable television executive, Nagin was unaligned with any of the city's traditional political blocks, and many voters were attracted to his pledges to fight corruption and run the city on a more business-like basis. In 2014 Nagin was convicted on charges that he had taken

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that borders New Orleans to the west. In a somewhat different postwar developmental pattern than that experienced by other older American cities, New Orleans' center city population grew for the first two decades after the war. This was due to the city's ability to accommodate large amounts of new,

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withdrew the troops in 1877 and the Packard government fell did the Democrats actually hold control of the state and city. The financial condition of the city when the whites gained control was very bad. The tax-rate had risen in 1873 to 3%. The city defaulted in 1874. On the interest of its bonded

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commemorating the event was built near the foot of Canal Street, to the side of the Aquarium near the trolley tracks. This monument was removed on April 24, 2017. The removal fell on the same day that three states—Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia—observed what is known as Confederate Memorial Day.

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In the 1850s white Francophones had remained an intact and vibrant community, maintaining instruction in French in two of the city's four school districts. As the Creole elite feared, during the war, their world changed. In 1862, the Union general Ben Butler abolished French instruction in schools,

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It only became clear with investigations in the months after Katrina that flooding in the majority of the city was not directly due to the storm being more powerful than the city's defenses. Rather, it was caused by what investigators termed "the costliest engineering mistake in American history".

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and much of which is only a few feet above—was flooded, with water reaching a depth of 25 feet (7.6 m) in some areas. Water levels were similar to those of the 1909 hurricane; but since many areas that were swamp or farmland in 1909 had become heavily settled, the effects were massively worse. The

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in spreading the disease was newly understood, the city embarked on a massive campaign to drain, screen, or oil all cisterns and standing water (breeding ground for mosquitoes) in the city and educate the public on their vital role in preventing mosquitoes. The effort was a success and the disease

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In the early part of the 20th century the Francophone character of the city was still much in evidence, with one 1902 report describing "one-fourth of the population of the city speaks French in ordinary daily intercourse, while another two-fourths is able to understand the language perfectly." As

2007:, terrorizing and killing a number of African Americans unconnected with Charles. The riots were stopped when a group of White businessmen quickly printed and nailed up flyers saying that if the rioting continued they would start passing out firearms to the black population for their self-defense. 2916:

The name itself honors the precolonial community that was at the site of New Orleans. Bulbancha is a Choctaw word which means "place of many tongues" because Bulbancha was, surprise surprise, a trading port for many different peoples, of distinct heritages and linguistic groups. Bulbancha was not

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of the entire city, the first such order ever issued in the city's history. An estimated 1 million people evacuated from Greater New Orleans and nearby areas before the storm. However, some 20% of New Orleans residents were still in the city when the storm hit. This included people who refused to

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The city experienced severe flooding in the May 8, 1995, Louisiana Flood when heavy rains suddenly dumped over a foot of water on parts of town faster than the pumps could remove the water. Water filled up the streets, especially in lower-lying parts of the city. Insurance companies declared more

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with the Gulf of Mexico. The Canal was expected to be an economic boom that would eventually lead to the replacement of the Mississippi Riverfront as the metro area's main commercial harbor. "MR GO" failed to live up to commercial expectations, and from its early days it was blamed for freshwater

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In the 1920s an effort to "modernize" the look of the city removed the old cast-iron balconies from Canal Street, the city's commercial hub. In the 1960s another "modernization" effort replaced the Canal Streetcar Line with buses. Both of these moves came to be regarded as mistakes long after the

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also arrived. Nearly 90 percent of the new immigrants settled in New Orleans. The 1809 migration brought 2,731 whites; 3,102 free persons of African descent; and 3,226 additional enslaved individuals to the city, doubling its French-speaking population. An 1809-1810 migration brought thousands of

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destroyed 212 buildings. After the fires, the city was rebuilt with bricks, replacing the simpler wooden buildings constructed in the early colonial period. Much of the 18th-century architecture still present in the French Quarter was built during this time, including three of the most impressive

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Until the early 20th century, construction was largely limited to the slightly higher ground along old natural river levees and bayous; the largest section of this being near the Mississippi River front. This gave the 19th-century city the shape of a crescent along a bend of the Mississippi, the

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as the recently-and-hurriedly-repaired levees were breached once more. Residents of Cameron Parish, Calcasieu Parish, and parts of Jefferson Davis Parish, Acadia Parish, Iberia Parish, Beauregard Parish, and Vermillion Parish were told to evacuate ahead of the storm. Cameron Parish was hit the

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was elected as a reform candidate in 1946. He served as mayor of New Orleans until 1961, shaping the city's post-World War II trajectory. His energetic administration accomplished much and received considerable national acclaim. By the end of his mayoralty, however, his political fortunes were

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Yellow fever epidemics threatened New Orleans from 1817 through 1905. Striking hard in the summer and early autumn (between July and August), the worst of these epidemics killed about 8,000 people in 1853. Symptoms included chills, fever, nausea, and sometimes even more acute symptoms, such as

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New Orleans was the biggest slave trading center in the country. In the 1840s, there were about 50 people-selling companies. Some whites went to the slave auctions for entertainment. Especially for travelers, the markets were a rival to the French Opera House and the Théâtre d’Orléans. The

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so tactlessly administered as greatly to intensify the hostility of South and North. Butler's administration did have benefits to the city, which was kept both orderly and due to his massive cleanup efforts unusually healthy by 19th century standards. Towards the end of the war General

1653:. At noon on the 25th, Farragut anchored in front of New Orleans. Forts Jackson and St. Philip, isolated and continuously bombarded by Farragut's mortar boats, surrendered on the 28th, and soon afterwards the military portion of the expedition occupied the city resulting in the 2514:

made landfall in the gulf coast near the city. In the aftermath of the storm, what has been called "the largest civil engineering disaster in the history of the United States" flooded the majority of the city when the levee and floodwall system protecting New Orleans failed.

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taking command there two days later (Christmas). An immediate advance on the still insufficiently prepared defenses of the Americans might have led to the capture of the city; but this was not attempted, and both sides limited themselves to relatively small skirmishes and

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boomed in the last quarter of the 20th century, becoming a major force in the local economy. Areas of the French Quarter and Central Business District, which were long oriented towards local residential and business uses, increasingly catered to the tourist industry.

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toward the city of New Orleans. They collected more men along the way. Some accounts claimed a total of 200 to 500 slaves participated. During their two-day, twenty-mile march, the men burned five plantation houses (three completely), several sugar houses (small

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New Orleans was captured by the Union without a battle in the city itself, and hence was spared the destruction suffered by many other cities of the American South. It retains a historical flavor with a wealth of 19th century structures far beyond the early

955:, who had only arrived in New Orleans on March 23, 1803, formally took control of Louisiana for France on November 30, only to hand it over to the U.S. on December 20, 1803. In the meantime he created New Orleans' first city council, abolishing the Spanish 2554:

leave home, those who felt their homes were adequate shelter from the storm, and people without cars or without financial means to leave. Some took refuge in the Superdome, which was designated as a "shelter of last resort" for those who could not leave.

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groves as "the back woods." While there had been some use of this land for cow pasture and agriculture, the land was subject to frequent flooding, making what would otherwise be valuable land on the edge of a growing city unsuitable for development. The

1923:, but most agree that a number of innocent people were lynched during the Chief Hennessy Riot. The government of Italy protested, as some of those lynched were still Italian citizens, and the government of the U.S. eventually paid reparations to Italy. 3951: 2221:

There have often been tensions between the city, with its desire to run its own affairs, and the government of the State of Louisiana wishing to control the city. Perhaps the situation was never worse than in the early 1930s between Louisiana Gov.

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in an arrangement which involved bribing state legislators and governors for permission to operate the highly lucrative outfit, as well as legal manipulations that at one point interfered with the passing of one version of the state constitution.

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With a relatively large educated black (including a self-described "Creole" or mixed-race) population that had long interacted with the white population, racial attitudes were comparatively liberal for the Deep South. For example, there was the

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U.S. troops also blocked the White League Democrats in January 1875, after they had wrested from the Republicans the organization of the state legislature. Nevertheless, the revolution of 1874 is generally regarded as the independence day of

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In 1805, a census showed a heterogeneous population of 8,500, comprising 3,551 whites, 1,556 free blacks, and 3,105 slaves. Observers at the time and historians since believe there was an undercount and the true population was about 10,000.

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It is a handsome town, the streets which are quite straight...the houses are all surrounded with canals, communicating with each other, and which were thought absolutely necessary for the times, along the quay, on the banks of the river.

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balls, the medley of Latin tongues, the disorder and carousing of the river-men and adventurers that filled the city. Altogether there was much of the wildness of a frontier town, and a seemingly boundless promise of prosperity. The

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to create a private bank and a financing scheme that succeeded in increasing the colonial population of New Orleans and other areas of Louisiana. The scheme, however, created an investment bubble that burst at the end of 1720. Law's

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of the United States. Louisiana was readmitted to the Union in 1868, and its Constitution of 1868 granted universal manhood suffrage. Both blacks and whites were elected to local and state offices. In 1872, then-lieutenant governor

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Welcome to what is called New Orleans and is Bulbancha, which means place of many tongues, unceded land of the Chitimacha, the Houma, the Chahta Yakni (Choctaw), the Atakapa Ishak Chawasha, and all Indigenous peoples of this

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The eye of the storm missed the heart of the city by only 20–30 miles, and strong winds ravaged the city, shattering windows, spreading debris in many areas, and bringing heavy rains and flooding to many areas of the city.

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were held here, the seat of government again was here (in 1864–1882) and New Orleans was the center of dispute and organization in the struggle between political and ethnic blocks for the control of government.

451:. After considering several alternatives, Bienville selected the site for several strategic reasons and practical considerations, including: it was relatively high ground, along a sharp bend of the flood-prone 3955: 220:

The land mass that was to become the city of New Orleans was formed around 2200 BCE when the Mississippi River deposited silt creating the delta region. Before Europeans colonized the area, it was inhabited by

2526:, Mississippi and later shifted further westward to the Mississippi/Louisiana state line. The city became aware that a major hurricane hit was possible and issued voluntary evacuations on Saturday, August 27. 1184:

of an additional 44 insurgents who had been captured. The tribunals were held in three locations, in the two parishes involved and in Orleans Parish (New Orleans). Executions were by hanging, decapitation, or

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stipulating that Spain give Louisiana back to France, although it had to remain under Spanish control as long as France wished to postpone the transfer of power. There was another relevant treaty in 1801, the

1649:. On April 16, after elaborate reconnaissances, the Union fleet steamed up into position below the forts and opened fire two days later. Within days, the fleet had bypassed the forts in what was known as the 2088:

enacted his ambitious plan to drain the city, including large pumps of his own design that are still used when heavy rains hit the city. Wood's pumps and drainage allowed the city to expand greatly in area.

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The city again served as capital of Louisiana from 1865 to 1880. Throughout the years of the Civil War and the Reconstruction period the history of the city is inseparable from that of the state. All the

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Since 1995 the African American History Alliance of Louisiana has led an annual commemoration in January of the uprising, in which they have been joined by some descendants of participants in the revolt.

2545:, Katrina continued to gain strength as it turned northwest, then north towards southeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi. On the morning of Sunday, August 28, Katrina was upgraded to a top-notched 1795:. Damage to levees and cities along the Mississippi River adversely affected southern crops and trade for the port city for some time, as the government tried to restore infrastructure. The nationwide 2929: 1446:), and the third being Downtown (the rest of the city from Esplanade Avenue on, downriver). For two decades the three Municipalities were essentially governed as separate cities, with the office of 2304:

hit the city in September 1947. The levees & pumping system succeeded in protecting the city proper from major flooding, but many areas of the new suburbs in Jefferson Parish were deluged, and

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struck the city, blowing most of the structures down. After this, the administrators enforced the grid pattern dictated by Bienville but hitherto previously mostly ignored by the colonists. This

1547:, left 12,000 people homeless. While New Orleans has experienced numerous floods large and small in its history, the flood of 1849 was of a more disastrous scale than any save the flooding after 1390:. Travelers in this decade have left pictures of the animation of the river trade more congested in those days of river boats, steamers, and ocean-sailing craft than today; of the institution of 1247:. The American government managed to obtain early information of the enterprise and prepared to meet it with forces (regular, militia, and naval) under the command of Jackson. Privateers led by 47:

on commission to commemorate centennial of the event. The painting has been praised for the research and historical accuracy which went into the period depiction. Painting is on display in the

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No Spanish governor came to take control until 1766. French and German settlers, hoping to restore New Orleans to French control, forced the Spanish governor to flee to Spain in the bloodless

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defeated the integrated Republican metropolitan police and their allies in pitched battle in the French Quarter and along Canal Street. The White League forced the temporary flight of the

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cotton press (1832), and the beginning of the public school system (1840) marked these years; foreign exports more than doubled in the period 1831–1833. In 1838 the commercially-important

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The Haitian Revolution also increased ideas of resistance among the slave population in the vicinity of New Orleans. Early in 1811, hundreds of slaves revolted in what became known as the

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had been underestimated. Much of the land in what had been the old back swamp has continued to slowly sink, and many of the neighborhoods developed after 1900 are now below sea level.

2597:. Some areas that initially seemed to suffer little from the storm found themselves flooded by rapidly rising water on August 30. As much as 80% of the city—parts of which are below 1791:'s election in Virginia, 117 years later. In New Orleans, Reconstruction was marked by the Mechanics Institute race riot (1866). The city operated successfully a racially integrated 2067:

Between the developed higher ground near the Mississippi and the shores of Lake Pontchartrain, most of the area was wetlands only slightly above the level of Lake Pontchartrain and

5672: 614:'s administration (1753–1763). Shortly after the founding, slaves were required to build the public works of the nascent city for thirty days when the crops had been harvested. 2664:

won the mayor's race over ten other candidates with some 66% of the vote on the first round, with widespread support across racial, demographic, and neighborhood boundaries.

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On August 26, tracks which had previously indicated the hurricane was heading towards the Florida Panhandle shifted 150 miles (240 km) westward, initially centering on

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forces. With its rich and unique cultural and architectural heritage, New Orleans remains a major destination for live music, tourism, conventions, and sporting events and

151: 3131:. Jackson, Miss.: Baton Rouge : Press of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History : Louisiana State University Press, 1927-32. Volume 2., pp. 589-590. 432:. In 1708, land grants along the Bayou were given to French settlers from Mobile, but the majority left within the next two years due to the failure of attempts to grow 2629:

designed the levee and floodwall system incorrectly, and contractors failed to build the system in places to the requirements of the Corps of Engineers' contracts. The

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In 1927 a project was begun to fill in the shoreline of Lake Pontchartrain and create levees along the lake side of the city. Previously areas along the lakefront like

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Following studies begun by the Drainage Advisory Board and the Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans in the 1890s, in the 1900s and 1910s engineer and inventor

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fact, and the streetcars returned to a portion of Canal Street at the end of the 1990s, and construction to restore the entire line was completed in April 2004.

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made only minimal perfunctory efforts in their assigned task of inspecting the city's vital defenses. Legal investigations of criminal negligence are pending.

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on the Mississippi, and the development of those international interests, commercial and political, of which New Orleans was the center. Within the city, the

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The city of New Orleans was not built upon virgin soil, but merely served as a continuation of a great indigenous trade hub known in Choctaw as Bulbancha,

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An electric lighting system was introduced to the city in 1886; limited use of electric lights in a few areas of town had preceded this by a few years.

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and statewide measures in 1864 and 1868 further cemented the policy. By the end of the 19th century, French usage in the city had faded significantly.

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as Governor of Louisiana. Kellogg and the Republican administration were reinstated in power 3 days later by United States troops. Early 20th century

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in 2005. New Orleans has not experienced flooding from the Mississippi River since Sauvé's Crevasse, although it came dangerously close during the

874:, connecting the back of the city along the river levee with Lake Pontchartrain via Bayou St. John, opened in 1794, which was a boost to commerce. 10209: 1641:

and the Western Gulf squadron sailed for New Orleans in January 1862. The main defenses of the Mississippi consisted of the two permanent forts,

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there. These early European settlements are now within the limits of the city of New Orleans, though they predate the city's official founding.

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From its founding, the French intended New Orleans to be an important colonial city. The city was named in honor of the then Regent of France,

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in New Orleans East and Jefferson and St. Charles parishes was converted to all-outbound lanes heading out of the city as well as Interstates

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more than $ 500,000 in payouts from businessmen in exchange for millions of dollars' worth of city contracts. He received a 10-year sentence.

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processing industry was first put upon a firm basis. The last twenty years of the 18th century were especially characterized by the growth of

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held important markets. There was great demand for "fancy girls": young, light-skinned, good looking, sexual toys for well-to-do gentlemen.

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late as 1945, one still encountered elderly Creole women who spoke no English. The last major French language newspaper in New Orleans,

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Mississippi Provincial Archives : French Dominion 1701-1729/ collected, edited, and translated by Dunbar Rowland and A.G. Sanders

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The final death toll of Hurricane Katrina was 1,836 lives lost, primarily from Louisiana (1,577). Half of these were senior citizens.

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By 1840, the city's population was approximately 102,000 and it was now the third-largest in the U.S., the largest city away from the

10706: 8141: 4922: 3012: 723: 610:, trappers, gold-hunters; the colonial governors' letters were full of complaints regarding the riffraff sent as soldiers as late as 162: 3170:

The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe

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The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe

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Vandal, Gilles (1993-04-01). "Santé publique et développement urbain: les conditions sanitaires à la Nouvelle-Orléans, 1850-1885".

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delirium and vomiting blood. What was unknown through most of the nineteenth-century was the cause. Mosquitos spread yellow fever.

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debt, it later refunded this ($ 22,000,000 in 1875) at a lower rate, to decrease the annual charge from $ 1,416,000 to $ 307,500.

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There was a major street riot of July 30, 1866, at the time of the meeting of the radical constitutional convention. Businessman

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The political and commercial importance of New Orleans, as well as its strategic position, marked it out as the objective of a

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was reported in the city, which had suffered under repeated epidemics of the disease in the previous century. As the role of

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The population of the city doubled in the 1830s with an influx of settlers. A few newcomers to the city were friends of the

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Major-General Gibbs. The expedition was soon afterwards abandoned and the troops embarked for England, under the command of

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White men led by officials of the territory formed militia companies to hunt down and kill the insurgents, backed up by the

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An aerial view of flooded areas of Central City and Central Business District, with the New Orleans Arena and the damaged

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The next dozen years were marked by the beginnings of self-government in city and state; by the excitement attending the

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Defying Jim Crow: African American Community Development and the Struggle for Racial Equality in New Orleans, 1900–1960

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Rankin, David C. "The origins of Negro leadership in New Orleans during Reconstruction," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed.

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The Big Muddy: An Environmental History of the Mississippi and Its Peoples, from Hernando De Soto to Hurricane Katrina

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memorably told TV and radio audiences "Don't believe any false rumors, unless you hear them from me." A breach in the

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saw great growth in the second half of the 20th century, and it was only in the post-World War II period that a truly

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arrived in the area by the 1690s, some making settlements amid the Native American village of thatched huts along the

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In Motion: African American Migration Experience - Haitian Immigration: 18th & 19th Centuries, NY Public Library

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On September 22, already devastated by Hurricane Katrina, the Industrial Canal in New Orleans was again flooded by

1403:, indeed, was severely felt, but did not greatly retard the city's advancement, which continued unchecked until the 10622: 9306: 8790: 8568: 7725: 7315: 6453: 6202: 5957: 5916: 5705: 2606:, while the total economic loss from the disaster has been estimated at $ 100 billion. Hurricane Katrina surpassed 1842: 1509:, thus increasing the need for minted money. In contrast to the other two Southern branch mints, which only minted 1474: 848: 834:

In the final third of the Spanish period, two massive fires burned the great majority of the city's buildings. The

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was shot, and reportedly his dying words informed a colleague that he was shot by "Dagos", an insulting term for

1744: 1728: 1552: 1498: 1391: 1352: 1344:. According to historian Paul Lachance, "the addition of white immigrants to the white creole population enabled 1319: 1280: 979: 10477: 9993: 9437: 9321: 6463: 4057: 3074: 510:

collapsed, stopping the flow of investment money to New Orleans. Nonetheless, in 1722, New Orleans was made the

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Ermus, Cindy (Summer 2013). "Reduced to Ashes: The Good Friday Fire of 1788 in Spanish Colonial New Orleans".

2003:

held off a group of policemen who came to arrest him for days, killing several of them. A White mob started a

420:

neighborhood. The French also built a small fort, "St. Jean" (known to later generations of New Orleanians as

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In 1892, the New Orleans political machine, "the Ring," won a sweeping victory over the incumbent reformers.

1226: 1130: 912: 898: 843: 835: 385: 193: 9923: 7260: 1930:-drawn streetcars on most routes supplemented by a few steam locomotives on longer routes, was electrified. 498: 10564: 10532: 10063: 9928: 9364: 8744: 8553: 8349: 8094: 7385: 5900: 5608: 4989: 3558: 3325: 2431: 1661: 1634: 1198: 10552: 9885: 1493:. Although there was an existing coin shortage, the situation became much worse because in 1836 President 952: 10537: 10437: 10068: 9520: 9452: 8421: 7513: 7350: 7345: 7325: 6944: 5662: 5214: 5072: 5062: 4764: 2485:

included a possible major hit of the city. It missed, although Katrina wreaked considerable havoc on the

2265: 1863: 1810:, across the Mississippi River, in 1870. The city also continued to expand upriver, annexing the town of 1569: 1411:

replaced New Orleans as the capital of the state. In 1850 telegraphic communication was established with

591: 135: 9988: 9895: 7120: 6966: 1107:

white francophone refugees (deported by officials in Cuba in response to Bonapartist schemes in Spain).

10472: 9835: 9482: 9369: 9281: 9253: 8880: 8850: 8655: 8486: 7483: 7360: 7080: 6726: 5805: 5510: 5019: 3020:. Lafayette, LA: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette. pp. 113–114. 1967: 1792: 1626: 1529: 1467: 1122: 1116: 103: 9855: 9810: 8256: 7270: 7240: 7205: 7150: 7145: 4519:

Short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980; see index at p. 409 for list.

2930:"FEMA Archaeologists Discover One of the Oldest Native American Artifacts South of Lake Pontchartrain" 2260:

comprising the New Orleans center city and surrounding suburbs developed. The largest suburb today is

2156:

visited the city to demonstrate the safety of New Orleans. It has had no cases of Yellow Fever since.

1633:

fleet arrived at the mouth of the Mississippi on 27 May 1861. An effort to drive them off lead to the

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The New Orleans Mint was reopened in 1879, minting mainly silver coinage, including the famed Morgan

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population and mixture of cultures. It grew rapidly, with influxes of Americans, African, French and

917: 902: 421: 107: 36: 9016: 7438: 6821: 3533: 716: 28: 10336: 10219: 10179: 10118: 10113: 10053: 9472: 9462: 9248: 8951: 8862: 8563: 7225: 6959: 6891: 6415: 6410: 5893: 5821: 5773: 5409: 5299: 5112: 5092: 5042: 2839: 2669: 2602:

most recent estimates of the damage from the storm, by several insurance companies, are $ 10 to 25

2425:

A view across Uptown New Orleans, with the Central Business District in the background, August 1991

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occupied the building and used it briefly as their own coinage facility until it was recaptured by

483: 10716: 9795: 9028: 8548: 7418: 7075: 6826: 6688: 4490:

Hirsch, Arnold R. "Fade to black: Hurricane Katrina and the disappearance of Creole New Orleans."

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were built up on stilts, often over water of the constantly shifting shallow shores of the Lake.

2054: 2016: 1989: 1889: 1838: 1767: 1525: 1180:. Over the next two weeks, white planters and officials interrogated, sentenced, and carried out 1142: 1040: 669: 19: 9579: 7458: 4389: 2411:

was elected mayor of the Crescent City; he was re-elected in spring of 1990, serving two terms.

1723: 1294:

General Jackson had arrived in New Orleans in early December 1814, having marched overland from

1283:

on the lower Mississippi River. The British fleet set sail on January 18 and went on to capture

10677: 10249: 10184: 9688: 9574: 9457: 9417: 9061: 8854: 8513: 8503: 7285: 7280: 6881: 6866: 6721: 6678: 6358: 6320: 6154: 5967: 5952: 5593: 5500: 5475: 5415: 5366: 5334: 5203: 4927: 3750:

Haas, Edward F. (1981). "John Fitzpatrick and Political Continuity in New Orleans, 1896–1899".

2773: 2400:

A century after the Cotton Centennial Exhibition, New Orleans hosted another World's Fair, the

2200:

opened, providing a direct shipping link between Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi River.

1755: 1654: 1540: 1482: 1453: 1375: 1356: 940: 792: 780: 760: 546: 515: 286: 253:. Archaeological evidence has shown settlement in New Orleans dating back to at least 400 C.E. 87: 43:, in main plaza (now Jackson Square), New Orleans. Ceremony was December 20, 1803. Painting by 9820: 7538: 7408: 7001: 1565: 1544: 1235:, the British sent a large force to conquer the city, but they were defeated early in 1815 by 10123: 9533: 9354: 9243: 9182: 9110: 9020: 8721: 8401: 8281: 8251: 8157: 7569: 7498: 6929: 6896: 6841: 6643: 6617: 6491: 6343: 5972: 5883: 5868: 5009: 4872: 3142: 2519: 2448: 2343: 2294: 2274: 2270: 2134:, ceased publication on December 27, 1923, after ninety-six years; according to some sources 1892:. A financial failure, the event is notable as the beginnings of the city's tourist economy. 1811: 1299: 1264: 1244: 1216: 1194: 933: 929: 770: 756: 348: 257:

was one of the original names of New Orleans and it translates to "place of many tongues" in

226: 79: 67: 10657: 10058: 9845: 9805: 9764: 8738: 7428: 7200: 7110: 4502: 2104: 1731:

drawing from 1887, showing schoolchildren who would presumably benefit from the purchase of

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Rasmussen, Hans C. (Spring 2014). "The Culture of Bullfighting in Antebellum New Orleans".

4525:

Mammon and Manon in Early New Orleans: The First Slave Society in the Deep South, 1718–1819

3563: 2739: 2550: 2278: 2246: 2238: 1996: 1447: 1337: 1329: 1325: 1240: 1141:

was the largest in U.S. history, the rebels killed only two white men. Confrontations with

1134: 1099: 1075: 1012: 974: 970: 878: 502: 183: 125: 10158: 9948: 9870: 7518: 7423: 7185: 6683: 3690:"'Who Killa de Chief' Revisited: The Hennessey Assassination and Its Aftermath, 1890–1991" 2900:"Remembering Bulbancha, the place of many tongues: A tour of New Orleans Unlike any other" 1751: 1267:

while awaiting reinforcements. At last in the early morning of January 8, 1815 (after the

943:(which then included portions of more than a dozen present-day states) to the U.S. in the 8: 10701: 10457: 10442: 10326: 10306: 10259: 10239: 10043: 10038: 9983: 9953: 9719: 9344: 9301: 9258: 9187: 9156: 8927: 8906: 8872: 8778: 8748: 8679: 8523: 8496: 8396: 7669: 7115: 6653: 6468: 6353: 6310: 6300: 6148: 6037: 5987: 5977: 5843: 5800: 5515: 5485: 5465: 5403: 5292: 5193: 5132: 4947: 4917: 2630: 2603: 2586: 2523: 2510:

The city suffered from the effects of a major hurricane on and after August 29, 2005, as

2497: 2492: 2389:

became the first person of African-American ancestry to be elected mayor of New Orleans.

2378:

as well as the neighboring towns of Arabi and Chalmette in St. Bernard parish. President

2348: 2282: 2261: 1855: 1258:, and the troops landed at a fisherman's village on December 23, 1814, Major-General Sir 921: 799:

to the British, who also took the remainder of the formerly French territory east of the

766: 519: 507: 479: 10447: 10148: 6811: 6791: 4651:

Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century

4419:

Grosz, Agnes Smith (1944). "The Political Career of Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback".

4303: 4058:"New Orleans' Hard Rock Casino hotel collapses leaving one dead and multiple casualties" 2869: 1947:, and hoped to overturn the law with a test case in 1892. The case found its way to the 10462: 10452: 10427: 10381: 10346: 10204: 9913: 9790: 9663: 9161: 9141: 8801: 8689: 8416: 8323: 8301: 8162: 8048: 7528: 7230: 7105: 7070: 6876: 6648: 6305: 6295: 6056: 5490: 5421: 5268: 5209: 5107: 4735: 4282: 4231: 3981: 3732: 3701: 3308: 3216: 2682: 2646: 2594: 2581:

which breached either from the surge or the effects of being hit by a loose barge (the

2227: 2178: 2159:

In 1909, the New Orleans Mint ceased coinage, with active coining equipment shipped to

2153: 1985: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1830: 1822: 1807: 1763: 1682: 1610: 1490: 1478: 1404: 1387: 1341: 1173: 1165: 1149: 1055: 944: 906: 622: 464: 463:

village); it was adjacent to the trading route and portage between the Mississippi and

429: 372: 246: 99: 71: 44: 40: 9785: 9714: 7493: 6546: 6511: 6226: 4932: 4708:

Hispanic and Latino New Orleans: Immigration and Identity since the Eighteenth Century

4454:

Political Leadership in a Southern City: New Orleans in the Progressive Era, 1896–1902

1943:, but some in the city objected to the State of Louisiana's attempt to enforce strict 1090:

with them. While Governor Claiborne and other officials wanted to keep out additional

10642: 10584: 10417: 10189: 10163: 10153: 10143: 10078: 10033: 9963: 9943: 9918: 9865: 9840: 9105: 8632: 8573: 8528: 8387: 7846: 7806: 7589: 7125: 6996: 6911: 6901: 6886: 6668: 6622: 6430: 6328: 6290: 6019: 5962: 5746: 5437: 5371: 5225: 5142: 4741: 4711: 4692: 4673: 4654: 4615: 4596: 4577: 4558: 4552: 4528: 4508: 4477: 4458: 4437: 4405: 4375: 4356: 4337: 4318: 4288: 4258: 4252: 4237: 4216: 4188: 4169: 4163: 3837: 3797: 3721:"John Fitzpatrick and the Limits of Working-Class Politics in New Orleans, 1892–1896" 3583: 3485: 3451: 3426: 3375: 3350: 3312: 3257: 3053: 3021: 2991: 2788: 2590: 2511: 2482: 2408: 2269:

suburban-style development within the existing city limits, in such neighborhoods as

2025:

The population of New Orleans and other settlements in south Louisiana suffered from

1974: 1904: 1874: 1873:

1888 German map of New Orleans, with surrounding communities of Algiers, Carrollton,

1776: 1740: 1548: 1181: 957: 807: 800: 606:

Much of the colonial population in early days was of the wildest character: deported

599: 452: 417: 320: 300: 242: 111: 59: 8663: 8296: 7488: 7380: 7255: 5480: 5029: 2311: 1687: 1450:

having only a minor role in facilitating discussions between municipal governments.

10274: 10269: 10234: 10214: 9973: 9850: 9749: 9653: 9115: 8955: 8172: 8000: 7899: 7674: 7443: 7433: 7135: 6801: 6663: 6658: 6521: 6364: 6338: 6208: 6009: 5888: 5838: 5778: 5578: 5568: 5427: 5188: 5182: 5170: 4952: 4942: 4773: 3300: 2706:

made landfall in Louisiana, passing through New Orleans on the 16th anniversary of

2678: 2657:

season, bringing hope and joy to the city still recovering from Hurricane Katrina.

2607: 2578: 2439: 2386: 2371: 2367: 2328: 2197: 1978: 1912: 1772: 1521:

coinage, which perhaps marked it as the most important branch mint in the country.

1514: 1424: 1378:(1830–31), one of the earliest in the United States; the introduction of the first 1362: 1044: 984: 871: 424:) at the mouth of the bayou in 1701, using as a base a large Native American shell 10652: 8684: 7503: 7175: 4284:

The Inevitable City: The Resurgence of New Orleans and the Future of Urban America

3286:"Paper Thin: Freedom and Re-enslavement in the Diaspora of the Haitian Revolution" 1926:

In the 1890s much of the city's public transportation system, hitherto relying on

10717:

Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)

10467: 10407: 10321: 10229: 10103: 10083: 10048: 9830: 9800: 9739: 9349: 9339: 9235: 9120: 9012: 8969: 8729: 8637: 8508: 8099: 7924: 7733: 7679: 7304: 7245: 7032: 6949: 6934: 6871: 6796: 6766: 6612: 6581: 6496: 5730: 5725: 4937: 4452: 4305:

One Hundred Great Years-The Story of the Times Picayune from Its Founding to 1940

3932: 3905: 3333: 3251: 2719: 2695:

On the morning of October 12, 2019, a portion of the Hard Rock Hotel building at

2689: 2650: 2359: 2352: 2323:

In January 1961 a meeting of the city's white business leaders publicly endorsed

2315:

View of flooding after Hurricane Betsy as viewed from President Lyndon Johnson's

2085: 1885: 1834: 1646: 1505:, which demanded that all land transactions in the United States be conducted in 1502: 1383: 1345: 1295: 1268: 1259: 1158: 1138: 1095: 1036: 1024: 796: 611: 268: 23: 10376: 5553: 5162: 4372:

Building the Land of Dreams: New Orleans and the Transformation of Early America

2809:"FEMA archeologists find American Indian pottery, other items by Bayou St. John" 2477:

On August 29, 2005, an estimated 600,000 people were temporarily evacuated from

1919:. Local historians still debate whether some of those lynched were connected to 1148:

Between 64 and 125 enslaved men marched from sugar plantations near present-day

10311: 10224: 10108: 9860: 9683: 9668: 9569: 9543: 9528: 9409: 9004: 8998: 8902: 8669: 8583: 8533: 8411: 8365: 8200: 8167: 8078: 8073: 7957: 7783: 7743: 7684: 7649: 7639: 7533: 7523: 7453: 7403: 7190: 6856: 6781: 6392: 6277: 6220: 6196: 5853: 5795: 5442: 4891: 4737:

Silk Stockings & Ballot Boxes: Women and Politics in New Orleans, 1920–1963

3937: 3910: 2674: 2661: 2642:

as to how many more would. By 2008, estimated repopulation had topped 330,000.

2617: 2542: 2452: 2379: 2242: 2182: 2000: 1963: 1920: 1788: 1732: 1638: 1630: 1619: 1494: 1435: 1236: 1169: 1062:

established the second republic in the Western Hemisphere and the first led by

1059: 1008: 856: 822: 642: 561: 472: 468: 238: 63: 8816: 7448: 3448:

The Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson and America's First Military Victory

3304: 2959:"Landmarks Society tour explores early history of 'Village of Bayou St. John'" 1915:

on trial for the shooting were acquitted. However, a mob stormed the jail and

1833:

would celebrate the short-lived triumph of the White League as a victory for "

10740: 9875: 8725: 8642: 8451: 8261: 8038: 7947: 7894: 7841: 7773: 6991: 6986: 6976: 6736: 6238: 5768: 5588: 5563: 4670:

Crescent City Girls: The Lives of Young Black Women in Segregated New Orleans

4144:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 526–532. 4131: 4126: 3168: 2703: 2673:

touched down in New Orleans East and left approximately 10,000 homes without

2535: 2531: 2527: 2421: 2324: 2316: 1796: 1473:

The importance of New Orleans as a commercial center was reinforced when the

1416: 1400: 1306:

was maintained in the city throughout the period of three and a half months.

1190: 1145:

and executions after locally-held tribunals killed ninety-five black people.

882: 626: 295: 6184: 4019:"Tornadoes rip through New Orleans area, decimating homes and neighborhoods" 3347:

The Bourgeois Frontier: French Towns, French Traders, and American Expansion

2418:, the son of "Dutch" Morial, was elected to two consecutive terms as mayor. 2119: 1869: 1595:

Panoramic View of New Orleans-Federal Fleet at Anchor in the River, c. 1862.

1434:

In 1836 the city was divided into three municipalities: the first being the

582: 10647: 10637: 10366: 9905: 9759: 9584: 9100: 8876: 8558: 8406: 8291: 8271: 8235: 8193: 8068: 7942: 7904: 7879: 7861: 7798: 7715: 7659: 7634: 7584: 7478: 7097: 6130: 5573: 5432: 4593:

New Orleans After the Civil War: Race, Politics, and a New Birth of Freedom

3253:

New Orleans Cabildo: Colonial Louisiana's First City Government, 1769--1803

2234: 2223: 2188: 2160: 2144: 2030: 1826: 1818: 1703: 1580: 1248: 1153: 1071: 1063: 925: 607: 529:

described New Orleans in 1721 as a place of a hundred wretched hovels in a

511: 9958: 6531: 3857:

The Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration (1938).

2430:

automobiles totaled than in any other U.S. incident up to that time. (See

1966:, the Fisk Free and Public Library. This entity later became known as the 995: 9548: 9374: 8943: 8821: 8276: 7851: 6776: 6751: 6602: 6536: 6244: 5994: 4880: 4254:

Reforming New Orleans: The Contentious Politics of Change in the Big Easy

2985: 2570: 2415: 2108: 1939:

restaurants, black citizens were denied access through a rigid system of

1695: 1665: 1615: 1543:) created the worst flooding the city had ever seen. The flood, known as 1408: 1379: 1371: 1303: 1284: 1255: 1232: 1220: 1032: 1028: 1004: 852: 839: 638: 538: 250: 95: 83: 75: 48: 9538: 7909: 6516: 6048: 4108:

New Orleans Levees Passed Hurricane Ida's Test, But Some Suburbs Flooded

3423:

Lies Across America: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong

1459: 1000: 885:"Right of Deposit" in New Orleans, allowing Americans to use the city's 571: 482:

without going downriver 100 miles; and it offered control of the entire

10412: 9146: 8426: 8053: 7874: 7689: 6970: 6953: 6746: 6627: 6607: 6526: 6190: 5921: 5583: 5315: 4791: 4777: 3736: 3720: 3705: 3689: 3220: 2696: 2486: 2249:

proclaimed these landing craft vital to the Allied victory in the war.

2148: 2112: 2093: 1784: 1707: 1442:, the second being Uptown (then meaning all settled areas upriver from 1288: 1091: 1020: 683: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 542: 460: 290: 7884: 7763: 7753: 5873: 4213:

Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast

4165:

Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class and Politics, 1863–1923

4083:"Ida weakens to tropical storm after delivering 'catastrophic' damage" 3204: 2071:. This area was commonly referred to as the "back swamp," or areas of 114:

in 2005, the city would bounce back and rebuild in the ensuing years.

9379: 9136: 9036: 8811: 8713: 8647: 8025: 7980: 7831: 6861: 6786: 6541: 6506: 6079: 5931: 5926: 5833: 5783: 5752: 5715: 4901: 4544:

New Orleans in the Gilded Age: Politics and Urban Progress, 1880–1896

4390:

Federal Writers' Project of the Works Project Administration (1938).

4023: 2598: 2465: 2215: 2181:

ordered the Storyville District closed, over the opposition of Mayor

2068: 2004: 1780: 1412: 1277: 863: 618: 557: 553: 409: 7748: 3874:"Former New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin sentenced to 10 years in prison" 1629:

expedition soon after the opening of the Civil War. Elements of the

658: 110:. After the significant destruction and loss of life resulting from 9553: 8431: 8286: 8005: 7990: 7937: 7821: 7758: 7738: 7016: 6816: 6761: 6551: 5848: 4495: 4087: 4042: 3372:

Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South

2582: 2061: 2042: 2026: 1940: 1591: 1462: 1395: 1125:. The revolt occurred on the east bank of the Mississippi River in 867: 645:; its name has reference to its incomplete or defective character. 5858: 4125:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

2237:, New Orleans was the site of the development and construction of 1439: 10711: 10682: 9192: 9177: 8334: 8225: 8215: 8210: 8043: 8033: 8015: 8010: 7952: 7889: 7836: 7710: 7654: 7011: 6938: 6806: 6756: 6597: 6566: 6501: 5740: 3997:"Mitch Landrieu claims New Orleans mayor's office in a landslide" 3977:"New Orleans' population estimate was low by 25,000, census says" 2393: 2072: 2038: 2034: 1676: 1333: 1087: 1067: 948: 545:; he seems to have been the first, however, to predict for it an 534: 530: 258: 234: 2577:, which breached in multiple places. This surge also filled the 2366:

while it was broadcasting. In an effort to prevent panic, mayor

892: 783:

west of the Mississippi River—plus New Orleans—was ceded to the

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exhaustive list of local archives and research centers, on the

3834:

French, Cajun, Creole, Houma: A Primer on Francophone Louisiana

3794:

Madame Vieux Carré: the French Quarter in the Twentieth Century

3771:"How Yellow Fever Turned New Orleans into a 'City of the Dead'" 2692:

took office as Mayor of New Orleans, the first woman to do so.

2562: 2363: 2293:

dwindling, and he failed to effectively respond to the growing

2253: 2077: 1518: 1423:

railway, the first railway outlet northward, later part of the

425: 91: 4185:

City of a Million Dreams: A History of New Orleans at Year 300

1973:

In the spring of 1896 Mayor Fitzpatrick, leader of the city's

10689: 8963: 8627: 8230: 8220: 8188: 8063: 8058: 7932: 7914: 7768: 7664: 6980: 5284: 4839:

University of Chicago's online histories and source documents

3926:

Katrina Claims May Rival $ 16 Bln Northridge Quake (Update11)

3836:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 32. 3507: 2566: 2444: 2207:

The city's river levees narrowly escaped being topped in the

1908: 1536: 1098:-speaking population. As more refugees were allowed into the 1048: 456: 433: 413: 334: 262: 233:

and earthworks in the area. Later Native Americans created a

230: 2331:

became the city's first mayor of Italian-American ancestry.

2152:

was stopped before reaching epidemic proportions. President

9032: 8947: 7816: 7006: 6906: 2538:

in the surrounding area, a maneuver known as "contraflow."

1927: 1787:, and the last African American to lead a U.S. state until 1510: 1506: 1103: 886: 475: 299:

1726 view of the young city of New Orleans from across the

8925: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3052:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 1–91. 3014:

Bienville's Dilemma: A Historical Geography of New Orleans

3011:

Campanella, Richard (2008). "II: Settling the Landscape".

2392:

While long one of the United States' most visited cities,

1035:. From early days the city was noted for its cosmopolitan 1023:

conspiracy (in the course of which, in 1806–1807, General

637:, minister and secretary of state. A third body of water, 117: 4434:

The Story of French New Orleans: History of a Creole City

3484:. Santa Fe, NM: Center for American Places. p. 175. 2654: 1239:'s combined forces some miles downriver from the city at 405: 4315:

Building the Devil's Empire: French Colonial New Orleans

2549:

hurricane. Around 10 am, Mayor Nagin issued a mandatory

1992:

opened and soon became a famous attraction of the city.

3622: 3092: 2355:, increasing the area's risk of hurricane storm surge. 2092:

It only became clear decades later that the problem of

996:

Early 19th century: a rapidly growing commercial center

586:

French diagram of New Orleans grid (1763), centered at

98:. As the largest city in the South at the start of the 70:

rule before being acquired by the United States in the

58:

traces the city's development from its founding by the

5264:

Tennessee Williams & New Orleans Literary Festival

4334:

Creole City: A Chronicle of Early American New Orleans

2990:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 70, 74. 1227:

New Orleans § Beginnings through the 19th century

1161:), and crops. They were armed mostly with hand tools. 8680:

Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France

7221:

Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)

7216:

Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)

4504:

Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820–1980

3396:"'American Rising': When Slaves Attacked New Orleans" 2610:

as the costliest hurricane in United States history.

2437:

On the afternoon of Saturday, December 14, 1996, the

94:

output and other farm products to Western Europe and

4187:. Chapell Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 3374:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 106. 1302:. His final departure was not until mid-March 1815. 1043:(people of French descent born in the Americas) and 576:

Plan de La Nouvelle-Orléans Capitale de la Louisiane

4672:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2308:was shut down under 2 feet (0.61 m) of water. 1999:occurred in July 1900. Well-armed African-American 1524:The mint produced coins from 1838 until 1861, when 983:1803 view of New Orleans, looking upriver from the 241:(known to the natives as Bayouk Choupique) and the 102:(1861–1865), it was an early target for capture by 3648:The History of the Louisiana State Lottery Company 560:is still seen today in the streets of the city's " 10752:1718 establishments in the French colonial empire 4710:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 4355:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 4233:Drowned city: Hurricane Katrina & New Orleans 3256:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 2382:quickly flew to the city to promise federal aid. 10738: 4729:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 4630:Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era 4571: 4546:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 4276:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 4039:"Tornadoes touch down, wreak havoc in Louisiana" 3349:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 54. 3004: 1702:, representing the gathering of the New Orleans 310: 9224: 4572:Margavio, Anthony V.; Salomone, Jerome (2014). 4081:Elbaum, Rachel; Ortiz, Erik (August 30, 2021). 3205:"Vidal and Zoning in Spanish New Orleans, 1797" 1817:On September 14, 1874, armed forces led by the 1110: 795:. This was to compensate Spain for the loss of 459:(previously chosen as the site of an abandoned 280: 5048:Homeland Security & Emergency Preparedness 4761: 4686: 4257:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 1677:Late 19th century: Reconstruction and conflict 881:signed on October 27, 1795, Spain granted the 8869:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon) 8350: 6064: 5300: 5220:Southern–New Orleans Knights and Lady Knights 4858: 4595:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 3482:New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape 2374:produced catastrophic flooding of the city's 2327:of the city's public schools. That same year 1783:, becoming the first non-white governor of a 1328:who had settled in the newly founded city of 987:Plantation House, by J. L. Bouquet de Woiseri 893:Retrocession to France and Louisiana Purchase 439:New Orleans was founded in early 1718 by the 201: 8544:Independence of Spanish continental Americas 4727:The Rise of Sports in New Orleans, 1850–1900 4691:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 4653:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 4612:The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans 4574:Bread and Respect: the Italians of Louisiana 4527:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 4501:Holli, Melvin G.; Jones, Peter d'A. (1981). 4436:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. 4431: 4336:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 4251:Burns, Peter F.; Thomas, Matthew O. (2015). 3821:. Louisiana Library Commission. p. 178. 3816: 3050:The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans 2840:"July 23: Bulbancha - Place of Many Tongues" 1539:breach upriver from the city (around modern 911:In 1800, Spain and France signed the secret 641:, was originally a land-locked inlet of the 447:, under the direction of Louisiana governor 4740:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. 4687:Solnit, Rebecca; Snedeker, Rebecca (2013). 4274:New Orleans, 1718-1812: An Economic History 4250: 4201: 4156:Timeline of New Orleans § Bibliography 4080: 2837: 2506:Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans 2166:New Orleans was hit by major storms in the 2048: 1094:men, French Creoles wanted to increase the 1058:(1791–1804) in the former French colony of 924:in 1802; these confirmed and finalized the 8357: 8343: 7976:Indigenous people during De Soto's travels 6071: 6057: 5307: 5293: 4865: 4851: 4797:New Orleans, the Place and the People 4500: 3250:Harkins, John E.; Din, Gilbert C. (1996). 3249: 3140: 3075:"New Orleans: The Bubble and the Big Easy" 3010: 2749:The Development of the Port of New-Orleans 1427:, and in 1854 the western outlet, now the 1086:), arrived in New Orleans, often bringing 842:, March 21 of that year. In December 1794 208: 194: 35:. Painting depicting first raising of the 33:Hoisting of American Colors over Louisiana 10663:Colonial universities in Hispanic America 6078: 4635: 4522: 4374:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 4287:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 3831: 3687: 3534:"What Did New Orleans Look Like in 1852?" 2362:. Windows blew out of television station 1700:Volunteer Firemen's Parade, March 4, 1872 1386:opened a shipping route from the Lake to 1309: 1276:. Another engagement followed: a ten-day 777:Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War 743:Learn how and when to remove this message 633:, minister and chancellor of France, and 10668:Colonial universities in the Philippines 6167:Spain and the American Revolutionary War 5259:New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival 5177:Dillard Bleu Devils and Lady Bleu Devils 5128:New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary 4317:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 4210: 4168:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 4130: 3796:. University of Mississippi. p. 8. 3768: 3718: 3633: 3115: 3072: 2593:were breached by the elevated waters of 2491: 2420: 2310: 2187: 2118: 2103: 1868: 1750: 1722: 1686: 1590: 1579: 1452: 1361: 999: 978: 920:, and later a royal bill issued by King 635:Jean Frederic Phelypeaux, Count Maurepas 581: 570: 501:. The regent allowed Scottish economist 294: 267: 27: 9659:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia 4705: 4667: 4614:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 4590: 4550: 4541: 4471: 4399: 4331: 4206:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 4161: 3369: 3166: 3160: 3141:Neidenbach, Elizabeth (June 22, 2020). 3127:Rowland, Dunbar and Sanders, Albert G. 2897: 1421:New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern 1254:The British advance was made by way of 1168:under the command of Brigadier General 838:destroyed 856 buildings in the city on 399:United States of America (1862–present) 118:Pre-history through Native American era 10739: 10612: 7371:Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert 4724: 4689:Unfathomable City: A New Orleans Atlas 4609: 4350: 4301: 4055: 3871: 3445: 3420: 3344: 3202: 3047: 2983: 2793:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2699:Street collapsed during construction. 2660:In 2010 Louisiana Lieutenant Governor 2358:In September 1965 the city was hit by 1664:, subjected New Orleans to a rigorous 1651:Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip 791:, confirmed the following year in the 648: 82:in 1815. Throughout the 19th century, 10611: 10507: 10506: 9630: 9508: 9223: 9082: 9050: 8987: 8924: 8839: 8762: 8702: 8616: 8605: 8377: 8376: 8338: 6251:Spanish American wars of independence 6052: 5549:List of French forts in North America 5288: 4846: 4827:Resources for research in New Orleans 4733: 4557:. San Francisco: Lexikos Publishing. 4457:. New Orleans: McGinty Publications. 4418: 4369: 4312: 4280: 4271: 4229: 4182: 3817:Tallant, Robert; Saxon, Lyle (1945). 3791: 3645: 3577: 3571: 3505: 3479: 3425:. New York: Touchstone. p. 192. 3283: 3183: 2977: 2627:United States Army Corps of Engineers 1903:On October 15, 1890, Chief-of-Police 1601:New Orleans in the American Civil War 1316:History of the Southern United States 631:Louis Phelypeaux, Count Pontchartrain 56:The history of New Orleans, Louisiana 8940:Captaincy General of the Philippines 8432:New Laws in favour of the indigenous 7580:California mission clash of cultures 7251:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra 6101:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire 4805:Standard History of New Orleans 4648: 4450: 3819:Gumbo Ya-Ya: Folk Tales of Louisiana 3749: 3582:. Louisiana State University Press. 3559:"Retracing Slavery's Trail of Tears" 3556: 2846:. Society of Alumni Williams College 2472: 2111:at Lane Cotton Mill, 1913. Photo by 1881:The city suffered flooding in 1882. 1535:On May 3, 1849, a Mississippi River 1481:there in 1838, along with two other 1251:were also recruited for the battle. 1172:, a slave owner himself, and by the 681:adding citations to reliable sources 652: 527:Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix 362:United States of America (1803–1861) 307: 10643:Indochristian painting in New Spain 8763: 7331:Spanish missions in Baja California 5330:French colonization of the Americas 4404:. University Press of Mississippi. 4394:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 3769:Donnella, Leah (October 31, 2018). 3531: 2735:The Historic New Orleans Collection 2336:Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal 2264:, an unincorporated subdivision of 1605:Louisiana in the American Civil War 449:Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville 13: 9610:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires 9083: 8364: 4785: 4668:Simmons, LaKisha Michelle (2015). 4576:. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing. 4402:The Garden District of New Orleans 4149: 3899:17th Street Canal levee was doomed 3073:Stallard, Matthew (June 6, 2018). 2137:Le Courrier de la Nouvelle Orleans 1558: 1374:(about 1830); the building of the 1102:, Haitian émigrés who had gone to 1027:practically put New Orleans under 787:as a secret provision of the 1762 14: 10763: 8840: 8703: 8584:Independence of Equatorial Guinea 7341:Spanish missions in the Carolinas 5232:Xavier Gold Rush and Gold Nuggets 4820: 4507:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 4474:Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback 4056:Murphy, Neil (October 12, 2019). 3173:. London: R. Baldwin. p. 24. 1673:held the command at New Orleans. 1585:View in Canal Street, New Orleans 90:, exporting most of the nation's 10695:Criollos in the colonial society 10623:Spanish missions in the Americas 9745:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval 8319: 8318: 6203:Philippine revolts against Spain 6033: 6032: 5958:Military history of the Acadians 5706:Seigneurial system of New France 4874: 4496:https://doi.org/10.2307/25095136 4118: 2815:. 23 August 2023. Archived from 2342:) was completed, connecting the 2131:L'Abeille de la Nouvelle-Orléans 1917:lynched eleven Italian-Americans 1911:. On March 13, 1891, a group of 1806:New Orleans annexed the city of 1575: 1475:United States Federal Government 1366:New Orleans lithograph from 1852 657: 392: 379: 366: 355: 341: 327: 313: 177: 78:, the last major battle was the 10722:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649 8606: 5382:History of the French-Americans 4101: 4074: 4049: 4031: 4011: 3989: 3969: 3944: 3918: 3891: 3865: 3850: 3825: 3810: 3785: 3762: 3743: 3712: 3681: 3672: 3663: 3654: 3639: 3609: 3596: 3580:The Capture of New Orleans 1862 3550: 3525: 3499: 3473: 3464: 3439: 3414: 3388: 3363: 3338: 3319: 3277: 3243: 3234: 3196: 3177: 3134: 3121: 3066: 3041: 2459: 2456:"must-see" tourist attraction. 2402:1984 Louisiana World Exposition 2209:Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 2099: 1975:Bourbon Democratic organization 1936:1892 New Orleans general strike 1854:, although not until President 1837:" and dubbed the conflict "The 1799:also slowed economic recovery. 1745:Louisiana State Lottery Company 1553:Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 1320:History of slavery in Louisiana 964: 668:needs additional citations for 455:, which thus created a natural 275: 9051: 8774:Captaincy General of Guatemala 8482:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) 7414:Toribio de Benavente Motolinia 7366:Spanish missions in New Mexico 7336:Spanish missions in California 7171:Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva 6674:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) 6406:Captaincy General of Guatemala 5711:Criminal justice in New France 5340:Timeline of New France history 5314: 5274:Voodoo Music + Arts Experience 4554:A Short History of New Orleans 4421:Louisiana Historical Quarterly 4215:. New York: Harper Perennial. 3557:Ball, Edward (November 2015). 2951: 2922: 2891: 2862: 2831: 2801: 2762: 2451:mall and hotel complex on the 2302:1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane 2172:1915 Atlantic hurricane season 2168:1909 Atlantic hurricane season 2123:New Orleans panorama from 1919 1355:as well as the largest in the 1210: 1011:, home of the second mayor of 836:Great New Orleans Fire of 1788 261:, Bulbancha was an important 108:annual Mardi Gras celebrations 66:control, then briefly back to 62:in 1718 through its period of 1: 10673:General Archive of the Indies 9934:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado 9605:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro 9590:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas 8539:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso 8492:War of the Spanish Succession 8457:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) 7509:José Francisco de Paula Señan 7356:Spanish missions in Louisiana 7141:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado 6383:List of viceroys of New Spain 6137:Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) 6125:Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630) 6119:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) 6107:Spanish conquest of Guatemala 5701:Custom of Paris in New France 4897:New Orleans metropolitan area 4523:Ingersoll, Thomas N. (1999). 4432:Guenin-Lelle, Dianne (2016). 4302:Dabney, Thomas Ewing (2013). 4202:Blassingame, John W. (1973). 3872:Berman, Mark (July 9, 2014). 3719:Ettinger, Brian Gary (1985). 3617:Capture of New Orleans, 1862, 3604:Capture of New Orleans, 1862, 3143:"The Treaty of Fontainebleau" 2898:Lu Baum, Jesse (2018-12-17). 2870:"Tulane Land Acknowledgement" 2755: 2730:List of mayors of New Orleans 2636: 2575:Mississippi River Gulf Outlet 1766:, New Orleans was within the 939:In April 1803, Napoleon sold 899:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso 386:Confederate States of America 9631: 8745:Captaincy General of Yucatan 8675:Union with Holy Roman Empire 8654:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of 8569:German–Spanish Treaty (1899) 8095:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 7474:Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora 7386:Spanish missions in Trinidad 7381:Spanish missions in Virginia 6178:peoples during colonial rule 4831:Louisiana Historical Society 4755: 4610:Powell, Lawrence N. (2012). 4204:Black New Orleans, 1860–1880 3952:"hurricanekatrinarelief.com" 3506:Daren, Hayes (1 June 2014). 3048:Powell, Lawrence N. (2012). 2984:Morris, Christopher (2012). 2561:The situation worsened when 2432:May 8th 1995 Louisiana Flood 2319:airplane, September 10, 1965 2010: 1637:on 12 October 1861. Captain 1635:Battle of the Head of Passes 1566:St. Louis Hotel Slave Market 1477:established a branch of the 1111:Plantation slaves' rebellion 617:Two large lakes (in reality 281:First French colonial period 265:hub for thousands of years. 249:. This became an important 86:was the largest port in the 7: 9509: 9225:Administrative subdivisions 8422:War of the League of Cognac 7799:Oasisamerica (Southwest US) 7351:Spanish missions in Georgia 7346:Spanish missions in Florida 7326:Spanish missions in Arizona 7266:José de Bustamante y Guerra 6832:Yerba Buena (San Francisco) 6113:Spanish conquest of Yucatán 5215:New Orleans Breakers (2022) 4837:History of New Orleans 4813:History of New Orleans 4765:Canadian Journal of History 4591:Nystrom, Justin A. (2010). 4492:Journal of American History 4370:Faber, Eberhard L. (2015). 4313:Dawdy, Shannon Lee (2008). 3832:Brasseaux, Carl A. (2005). 3688:Baiamonte, John V. (1992). 3203:Holmes, Jack D. L. (1973). 2713: 1532:forces the following year. 629:, commemorate respectively 541:, infested by serpents and 10: 10768: 9939:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 9924:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada 9826:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca 8988: 8724:), Western United States ( 8617: 8487:Portuguese Restoration War 7575:Suppression of the Jesuits 7484:Francisco Javier Clavijero 7361:Spanish missions in Mexico 7261:Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán 7211:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 7161:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca 7086:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 6333:also reigned after Louis I 5648:Governor of Trois-Rivières 5123:LSU Health Sciences Center 4351:Devore, Donald E. (2015). 4332:Dessens, Nathalie (2015). 4211:Brinkley, Douglas (2006). 4153: 3578:Hearn, Chester G. (1995). 3446:Remini, Robert V. (1999). 3284:Scott, Rebecca J. (2011). 3240:Ermus (2013), pp. 324–327. 2838:M-n(elly)-J (2021-07-23). 2503: 2052: 2014: 1968:New Orleans Public Library 1717:constitutional conventions 1680: 1598: 1313: 1224: 1214: 1117:1811 German Coast Uprising 1114: 968: 896: 847:structures in New Orleans— 764: 754: 499:Philip II, Duke of Orléans 486:, at a safe distance from 284: 237:between the headwaters of 225:for about 1300 years. The 24:New Orleans § History 17: 10707:Slavery in Spanish Empire 10618: 10607: 10513: 10502: 10400: 10294: 10287: 10172: 10021: 10014: 10007: 9994:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor 9904: 9773: 9735:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder 9697: 9641: 9637: 9626: 9595:Barcelona Trading Company 9562: 9519: 9515: 9504: 9408: 9360:New Andalusia (1501–1513) 9330: 9272: 9234: 9230: 9219: 9170: 9129: 9093: 9089: 9078: 9057: 8994: 8935: 8867:Venezuela, part of Guyana 8846: 8769: 8720:, Central United States ( 8709: 8623: 8612: 8601: 8452:Bruneian–Spanish conflict 8437:Expulsion of the Moriscos 8383: 8372: 8314: 8267:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 8244: 8181: 8150: 8112: 8087: 8024: 7966: 7923: 7860: 7797: 7724: 7698: 7622: 7611: 7602: 7562: 7549:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 7469:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza 7394: 7376:Spanish missions in Texas 7314: 7303: 7276:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa 7236:Juan José Pérez Hernández 7181:Juan José Pérez Hernández 7094: 7056: 7045: 7025: 6920: 6714: 6701: 6636: 6590: 6477: 6429: 6391: 6375: 6319: 6276: 6263: 6176:Conflicts with indigenous 6175: 6096: 6087: 6028: 6000:Expulsion of the Acadians 5945: 5909: 5814: 5791:Company of 100 Associates 5761: 5693: 5617: 5604:Fort St. Louis (Illinois) 5541: 5451: 5390: 5322: 5249:Mardi Gras in New Orleans 5241: 5161: 5103:Delgado Community College 5091: 5028: 4910: 4887: 4236:. Boston: Clarion Books. 3480:Lewis, Peirce F. (2003). 3421:Loewen, James W. (2007). 3305:10.1017/S0738248011000538 2481:when projected tracks of 2464:In May 2002, businessman 2385:In 1978, City Councilman 2290:DeLesseps "Chep" Morrison 2192:Financial district, 1920s 1884:The city hosted the 1884 1727:An advertisement for the 1487:Charlotte, North Carolina 1281:battle at Fort St. Philip 953:Pierre Clément de Laussat 903:Treaty of Aranjuez (1801) 471:, offering access to the 10648:Quito painting tradition 10638:Cusco painting tradition 9999:García López de Cárdenas 9989:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera 9896:Felipe González de Ahedo 9816:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 8393:Conquest of the Americas 7166:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 7121:Bernal Díaz del Castillo 6967:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 5995:French and Iroquois Wars 4725:Somers, Dale A. (1972). 4706:Sluyter, Andrew (2015). 4542:Jackson, Joy J. (1969). 4451:Haas, Edward F. (1988). 4281:Cowen, Scott S. (2014). 3792:Ellis, Scott S. (2010). 3646:Alwes, Berthold (1944). 3293:Law & History Review 3167:Kitchin, Thomas (1778). 2670:2017 New Orleans tornado 2573:was funneled in via the 2447:vessel slammed into the 2258:metropolitan New Orleans 2049:Progressive era drainage 1984:In 1897 the quasi-legal 1898: 1193:and displayed along the 692:"History of New Orleans" 484:Mississippi River Valley 245:. The bayou flowed into 184:United States portal 10433:Comuneros (New Granada) 10210:Balearic Islands (1558) 9929:Hernán Pérez de Quesada 9856:Ruy López de Villalobos 9811:Miguel López de Legazpi 9725:García de Toledo Osorio 8589:Western Sahara conflict 8579:Independence of Morocco 8519:Treaty of Madrid (1750) 8462:Piracy in the Caribbean 8447:French Wars of Religion 8257:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo 7241:Dionisio Alcalá Galiano 7206:Ruy López de Villalobos 7151:Miguel López de Legazpi 7146:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo 6143:Piracy in the Caribbean 6005:Great Peace of Montreal 5806:Compagnie de l'Occident 5377:History of the Acadians 5254:French Quarter Festival 4472:Haskins, James (1973). 4272:Clark, John G. (1970). 4141:Encyclopædia Britannica 2725:Timeline of New Orleans 2241:under the direction of 2055:Drainage in New Orleans 2017:History of yellow fever 1890:World Cotton Centennial 1839:Battle of Liberty Place 1825:government, installing 1768:Fifth Military District 1729:Louisiana State Lottery 1660:The commander, General 1618:city boundaries of the 1517:produced both gold and 1376:Pontchartrain Rail-Road 913:Treaty of San Ildefonso 789:Treaty of Fontainebleau 308:Historical affiliations 20:Timeline of New Orleans 10747:History of New Orleans 10678:Colonial Spanish Horse 10352:Colonia del Sacramento 9575:Spanish treasure fleet 9152:Royal Decree of Graces 8132:Colonial Baroque style 8122:Spanish Colonial style 7968:Southeastern Woodlands 7439:Bartolomé de las Casas 7286:Alexander von Humboldt 6679:Treaty of Paris (1783) 6359:Ferdinand VII of Spain 5953:Military of New France 5879:Gens de couleur libres 5609:Fort St. Louis (Texas) 5594:Fortress of Louisbourg 5418:(1682–1763, 1801–1803) 5335:French colonial empire 5204:New Orleans Privateers 4833:(founded 1835) website 4734:Tyler, Pamela (1996). 4649:Ryan, Mary P. (1997). 4494:94.3 (2007): 752–761. 4476:. New York: McMillan. 4392:New Orleans City Guide 4386:covers 1790s to 1820s. 4162:Arnesen, Eric (1991). 3859:New Orleans City Guide 3678:Gitlin (2010), p. 180. 3669:Gitlin (2010), p. 166. 3660:Gitlin (2010), p. 166. 3470:Gitlin (2010), p. 159. 3370:Rothman, Adam (2005). 3328:, accessed 7 May 2008 2565:on four of the city's 2501: 2426: 2320: 2226:and New Orleans Mayor 2193: 2179:Department of the Navy 2140:continued until 1955. 2124: 2116: 1878: 1759: 1756:New Orleans Mardi Gras 1736: 1711: 1655:Capture of New Orleans 1596: 1588: 1541:River Ridge, Louisiana 1470: 1367: 1310:Antebellum New Orleans 1241:Chalmette's plantation 1084:gens de couleur libres 1016: 988: 941:Louisiana (New France) 862:In 1795 and 1796, the 818: 761:Treaty of Paris (1763) 603: 579: 525:The priest-chronicler 494:colonial settlements. 304: 287:Louisiana (New France) 272: 88:Southern United States 52: 9836:Vasco Núñez de Balboa 9796:Juan Sebastián Elcano 9111:Council of the Indies 8472:Spanish–Moro conflict 8442:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 8402:Treaty of Tordesillas 8252:Juan Bautista de Anza 7570:Our Lady of Guadalupe 7419:Bernardino de Sahagún 7081:Vasco Núñez de Balboa 7076:Juan Sebastián Elcano 6644:Treaty of Tordesillas 6618:Corregidor (position) 6376:Viceroys of New Spain 6215:Spanish–Moro conflict 4551:Leavitt, Mel (1982). 4400:Fraiser, Jim (2012). 4183:Berry, Jason (2018). 4007:on February 10, 2010. 3450:. New York: Penguin. 2495: 2424: 2344:Intracoastal Waterway 2338:("MR GO", pronounced 2314: 2295:Civil Rights Movement 2191: 2122: 2107: 1872: 1812:Carrollton, Louisiana 1754: 1726: 1706:around the statue of 1690: 1594: 1583: 1456: 1365: 1300:Mississippi Territory 1245:Battle of New Orleans 1217:Battle of New Orleans 1123:German Coast Uprising 1003: 982: 813: 771:French and Indian War 757:Louisiana (New Spain) 585: 574: 552:In September 1722, a 349:French First Republic 298: 271: 227:Mississippian culture 80:Battle of New Orleans 31: 10633:Mesoamerican Codices 10357:Comuneros (Paraguay) 10195:Siege of Castelnuovo 9781:Christopher Columbus 9600:Consulate of the Sea 9580:Casa de Contratación 9171:Titles and positions 8564:Spanish–American War 8554:Liberal constitution 8397:Asia and the Pacific 7544:Manuel Abad y Queipo 7459:Gerónimo de Mendieta 7397:priests, and bishops 7066:Christopher Columbus 5653:Governor of Montreal 5559:Fort Michilimackinac 5367:1763 Treaty of Paris 5199:New Orleans Pelicans 5185:(Loyola New Orleans) 5058:Sheriff's Department 4810:John Smith Kendall: 3564:Smithsonian Magazine 3345:Gitlin, Jay (2010). 3332:12 June 2018 at the 2963:New Orleans Advocate 2740:History of Louisiana 2702:On August 29, 2021, 2247:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1997:Robert Charles Riots 1793:public school system 1570:New Orleans Exchange 1448:Mayor of New Orleans 1370:The introduction of 1338:Prince Achille Murat 1326:Marquis de Lafayette 1135:Territory of Orleans 1131:St. Charles Parishes 1127:St. John the Baptist 1100:Territory of Orleans 1076:free people of color 975:History of Louisiana 971:Territory of Orleans 677:improve this article 126:History of Louisiana 74:in 1803. During the 10362:Cartagena de Indias 9984:Diego de Mazariegos 9954:Pere Fages i Beleta 9821:Sebastián de Ocampo 9302:Provincias Internas 9274:Captaincies General 9188:Municipal president 9157:School of Salamanca 8928:Spanish East Indies 8907:Misiones Orientales 8779:Spanish West Indies 8743:, Central America ( 8690:Pyrénées-Orientales 8643:Union with Portugal 8534:Napoleonic invasion 8514:War of Jenkins' Ear 7539:Francisco Marroquín 7409:Gerónimo de Aguilar 7281:Antonio Gil Y'Barbo 7226:Gil González Dávila 7002:New Kingdom of León 6654:Peace of Westphalia 6469:Provincias Internas 6363:also reigned after 6155:War of Jenkins' Ear 5801:Mississippi Company 5194:New Orleans Jesters 5133:Notre Dame Seminary 4881:City of New Orleans 4230:Brown, Don (2015). 3924:Westbrook, Jesse. " 3915:November 30, 2005. 3508:"New Orleans tours" 2906:. Big Easy Magazine 2904:bigeasymagazine.com 2876:. Tulane University 2844:alumni.williams.edu 2819:on 24 February 2013 2747:'s 1954 thesis was 2720:New Orleans#History 2631:Orleans Levee Board 2587:London Avenue Canal 2498:Louisiana Superdome 2489:east of Louisiana. 2479:Greater New Orleans 2349:saltwater intrusion 1866:from 1879 to 1904. 1777:Henry Clay Warmouth 1758:in the early 1890s. 1466:, 1853 painting by 1287:at the entrance to 922:Charles IV of Spain 849:St. Louis Cathedral 649:Spanish interregnum 621:) in the vicinity, 508:Mississippi Company 445:La Nouvelle-Orléans 428:dating back to the 10658:Academia Antártica 10613:Other civil topics 9979:Pánfilo de Narváez 9881:Sebastián Vizcaíno 9846:Andrés de Urdaneta 9806:Juan Ponce de León 9791:Ferdinand Magellan 9765:Bernardo de Gálvez 9664:Indian auxiliaries 9162:Trial of residence 9142:Laws of the Indies 8926:Asia and Oceania ( 8787:Dominican Republic 8302:Hasekura Tsunenaga 8182:People and classes 8163:Columbian exchange 8049:Peoples of Palawan 7554:José María Morelos 7529:Francisco de Ayeta 7464:Juan de Torquemada 7429:Alonso de Montúfar 7271:José María Narváez 7231:Francisco de Ulloa 7201:Andrés de Urdaneta 7196:Cristóbal de Oñate 7156:Ángel de Villafañe 7131:Pánfilo de Narváez 7111:Juan Ponce de León 7071:Ferdinand Magellan 6649:Treaty of Zaragoza 6431:Captancies General 5973:King William's War 5968:Intercolonial Wars 5269:Satchmo SummerFest 5210:New Orleans Saints 4778:10.3138/cjh.28.1.1 4045:. 7 February 2017. 4001:The Times-Picayune 3982:The Times-Picayune 3931:2005-09-10 at the 3904:2006-09-07 at the 3532:Tom (2015-03-14). 3402:. January 16, 2011 2683:state of emergency 2647:New Orleans Saints 2595:Lake Pontchartrain 2502: 2443:freightliner/bulk 2427: 2414:In 1994 and 1998, 2321: 2228:T. Semmes Walmsley 2194: 2154:Theodore Roosevelt 2125: 2117: 2065:The Crescent City. 1986:red light district 1953:Plessy v. Ferguson 1949:U.S. Supreme Court 1945:racial segregation 1879: 1823:William P. Kellogg 1808:Algiers, Louisiana 1760: 1737: 1712: 1683:Reconstruction Era 1611:American Civil War 1597: 1589: 1526:Confederate forces 1491:Dahlonega, Georgia 1479:United States Mint 1471: 1388:uptown New Orleans 1368: 1342:Napoleon Bonaparte 1182:summary executions 1174:United States Navy 1166:United States Army 1056:Haitian Revolution 1017: 989: 945:Louisiana Purchase 918:Treaty of Aranjuez 907:Louisiana Purchase 775:In 1763 following 623:Lake Pontchartrain 604: 580: 465:Lake Pontchartrain 430:Marksville culture 422:"Old Spanish Fort" 404:French explorers, 373:State of Louisiana 305: 273: 247:Lake Pontchartrain 72:Louisiana Purchase 53: 45:Thure de Thulstrup 41:Louisiana Purchase 10734: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10603: 10602: 10508:Spanish conquests 10498: 10497: 10494: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10486: 10485: 10283: 10282: 9964:Pedro de Alvarado 9949:Gaspar de Portolà 9944:Pedro de Valdivia 9919:Francisco Pizarro 9871:Nicolás de Ovando 9866:Alonso de Ercilla 9841:Alonso de Salazar 9674:Ships of the line 9622: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9500: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9074: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9046: 9045: 9003:Northern Africa ( 8999:Equatorial Guinea 8983: 8982: 8920: 8919: 8835: 8834: 8758: 8757: 8749:Spanish Caribbean 8722:Spanish Louisiana 8698: 8697: 8633:Crown of Castille 8597: 8596: 8574:Spanish Civil War 8549:Adams–Onís Treaty 8529:Nootka Convention 8477:Thirty Years' War 8467:Eighty Years' War 8388:Catholic Monarchs 8378:Timeline–immersed 8332: 8331: 8310: 8309: 8151:Trade and economy 8108: 8107: 7598: 7597: 7590:Indian Reductions 7519:Sebastián Montero 7424:Juan de Zumárraga 7299: 7298: 7186:Gaspar de Portolá 7126:Pedro de Alvarado 7041: 7040: 6997:Nueva Extremadura 6902:Antigua Guatemala 6697: 6696: 6689:Adams–Onís Treaty 6684:Treaty of Córdoba 6669:Congress of Breda 6291:Joanna of Castile 6259: 6258: 6233:Tzeltal Rebellion 6046: 6045: 5983:King George's War 5963:Acadian Civil War 5910:Missionary groups 5901:Intellectual life 5638:Sovereign Council 5372:History of Quebec 5282: 5281: 5226:Tulane Green Wave 5143:Tulane University 5053:Police Department 4638:Louisiana History 4396:Famous WPA guide. 4308:. Read Books Ltd. 3803:978-1-60473-358-7 3752:Louisiana History 3725:Louisiana History 3694:Louisiana History 3209:Louisiana History 3186:Louisiana History 3059:978-0-674-05987-0 2708:Hurricane Katrina 2591:17th Street Canal 2512:Hurricane Katrina 2483:Hurricane Katrina 2473:Hurricane Katrina 2409:Sidney Barthelemy 2170:and again in the 1913:Italian Americans 1905:David C. Hennessy 1741:Charles T. Howard 1549:Hurricane Katrina 1468:George Henry Hall 1353:Atlantic seaboard 1013:the American city 930:Spanish Louisiana 879:Pinckney's Treaty 808:Rebellion of 1768 753: 752: 745: 727: 600:Mississippi River 453:Mississippi River 418:Faubourg St. John 321:Kingdom of France 301:Mississippi River 243:Mississippi River 218: 217: 159:African-Americans 112:Hurricane Katrina 10759: 10609: 10608: 10575:Chibchan Nations 10504: 10503: 10473:Santiago de Cuba 10332:Guadalupe Island 10292: 10291: 10019: 10018: 10012: 10011: 9974:Diego de Almagro 9851:Antonio de Ulloa 9755:Ambrosio Spinola 9750:Pedro de Zubiaur 9720:Alfonso d'Avalos 9710:Antonio de Leyva 9654:Army of Flanders 9639: 9638: 9628: 9627: 9517: 9516: 9506: 9505: 9232: 9231: 9221: 9220: 9091: 9090: 9080: 9079: 9048: 9047: 9021:Peñón of Algiers 8985: 8984: 8922: 8921: 8837: 8836: 8760: 8759: 8742: 8700: 8699: 8614: 8613: 8603: 8602: 8524:Seven Years' War 8497:Queen Anne's War 8374: 8373: 8359: 8352: 8345: 8336: 8335: 8322: 8321: 8282:Fermín de Lasuén 8173:Triangular trade 7620: 7619: 7609: 7608: 7499:Fermín de Lasuén 7444:Alonso de Molina 7434:Vasco de Quiroga 7395:Friars, fathers, 7316:Spanish missions 7312: 7311: 7136:Hernando de Soto 7054: 7053: 6712: 6711: 6664:Peace of Utrecht 6659:Peace of Ryswick 6522:Santiago de Cuba 6367: 6334: 6274: 6273: 6209:Acaxee Rebellion 6161:Seven Years' War 6149:Queen Anne's War 6094: 6093: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6050: 6049: 6036: 6035: 6015:Schenectady Raid 5988:Seven Years' War 5978:Queen Anne's War 5844:King's Daughters 5796:Crozat's Company 5779:Coureur des bois 5721:Superior Council 5643:Bishop of Quebec 5628:Governor General 5569:Fort de Chartres 5428:Illinois Country 5309: 5302: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5189:New Orleans Gold 5183:Loyola Wolf Pack 5171:Delgado Dolphins 4879: 4878: 4877: 4867: 4860: 4853: 4844: 4843: 4781: 4751: 4730: 4721: 4702: 4683: 4664: 4645: 4632:(1982) 155 – 90. 4625: 4606: 4587: 4568: 4547: 4538: 4518: 4487: 4468: 4447: 4428: 4415: 4395: 4385: 4366: 4347: 4328: 4309: 4298: 4277: 4268: 4247: 4226: 4207: 4198: 4179: 4145: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4062:www.mirror.co.uk 4053: 4047: 4046: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4003:. Archived from 3993: 3987: 3986: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3954:. Archived from 3948: 3942: 3941:August 29, 2005. 3922: 3916: 3897:Marshall, Bob. 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Archived from 2926: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2853: 2851: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2792: 2784: 2782: 2781: 2772:. Archived from 2766: 2679:John Bel Edwards 2608:Hurricane Andrew 2579:Industrial Canal 2440:M/V Bright Field 2387:Ernest N. Morial 2372:Industrial Canal 2329:Victor H. Schiro 2283:New Orleans East 2266:Jefferson Parish 2198:Industrial Canal 1979:Paul Capdevielle 1960:John Fitzpatrick 1773:P.B.S. Pinchback 1545:Sauvé's Crevasse 1515:New Orleans Mint 1485:branch mints at 1429:Southern Pacific 1425:Illinois Central 1203:in New Orleans. 1176:under Commodore 1159:sugar cane mills 1139:slave insurgency 1045:Creoles of color 872:Carondelet Canal 830: 767:Seven Years' War 748: 741: 737: 734: 728: 726: 685: 661: 653: 596:Fleuve St. Louis 516:French Louisiana 398: 396: 395: 384: 383: 382: 371: 370: 369: 361: 359: 358: 347: 345: 344: 335:Kingdom of Spain 333: 331: 330: 319: 317: 316: 223:Native Americans 210: 203: 196: 182: 181: 180: 122: 121: 10767: 10766: 10762: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10757: 10756: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10726: 10702:Old inquisition 10614: 10599: 10509: 10482: 10438:Trinidad (1797) 10408:La Noche Triste 10396: 10392:San Juan (1797) 10342:San Juan (1595) 10279: 10168: 10008:Notable battles 10003: 9969:Martín de Ursúa 9900: 9831:Alonso de Ojeda 9801:Juan de la Cosa 9786:Pinzón brothers 9769: 9740:John of Austria 9715:Martín de Goiti 9693: 9633: 9614: 9558: 9511: 9492: 9404: 9400:Terra Australis 9395:Río de la Plata 9340:Castilla de Oro 9326: 9268: 9264:Río de la Plata 9226: 9207: 9166: 9125: 9121:Santa Hermandad 9085: 9066: 9062:Terra Australis 9053: 9042: 9009:Spanish Morocco 8990: 8979: 8970:Northern Taiwan 8931: 8916: 8887:Río de la Plata 8842: 8831: 8765: 8764:Central America 8754: 8736: 8705: 8694: 8638:Crown of Aragon 8619: 8608: 8593: 8509:Bourbon Reforms 8379: 8368: 8363: 8333: 8328: 8306: 8240: 8177: 8146: 8104: 8100:Chamorro people 8083: 8020: 7962: 7925:Southern Plains 7919: 7856: 7793: 7734:Mission Indians 7720: 7694: 7614: 7604: 7594: 7558: 7514:Mariano Payeras 7494:Francisco Palóu 7396: 7390: 7318:in the Americas 7317: 7307: 7305:Catholic Church 7295: 7246:Bruno de Heceta 7096: 7090: 7058: 7049: 7048:adventurers and 7047: 7037: 7033:Spanish Formosa 7021: 6960:Baja California 6950:Alta California 6945:Las Californias 6922: 6916: 6822:San Luis Potosí 6708:and territories 6707: 6705: 6703: 6693: 6632: 6613:Captain general 6586: 6577:Mérida, Yucatán 6547:San Luis Potosí 6497:State of Mexico 6473: 6425: 6387: 6371: 6362: 6332: 6315: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6255: 6227:Tepehuán Revolt 6177: 6171: 6083: 6077: 6047: 6042: 6024: 5941: 5917:Jesuit missions 5905: 5854:Casquette girls 5810: 5757: 5726:Admiralty court 5689: 5613: 5537: 5454: 5447: 5386: 5345:Beginnings–1533 5318: 5313: 5283: 5278: 5237: 5157: 5094: 5087: 5063:Fire Department 5024: 4906: 4883: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4823: 4803:Henry Rightor: 4788: 4786:Older histories 4758: 4748: 4718: 4699: 4680: 4661: 4622: 4603: 4584: 4565: 4535: 4515: 4484: 4465: 4444: 4412: 4382: 4363: 4344: 4325: 4295: 4265: 4244: 4223: 4195: 4176: 4158: 4152: 4150:Further reading 4134:, ed. (1911). 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Baldwin Wood 2057: 2051: 2019: 2013: 1901: 1835:white supremacy 1831:segregationists 1779:as governor of 1733:lottery tickets 1685: 1679: 1671:Nathaniel Banks 1662:Benjamin Butler 1647:Fort St. Philip 1607: 1599:Main articles: 1578: 1561: 1559:The slave trade 1503:specie circular 1499:executive order 1384:New Basin Canal 1322: 1312: 1269:Treaty of Ghent 1260:Edward Pakenham 1229: 1223: 1215:Main articles: 1213: 1119: 1113: 1025:James Wilkinson 998: 977: 967: 909: 897:Main articles: 895: 832: 820: 793:Treaty of Paris 773: 763: 755:Main articles: 749: 738: 732: 729: 686: 684: 674: 662: 651: 539:dwarf palmettos 533:wet thicket of 402: 393: 391: 380: 378: 367: 365: 356: 354: 342: 340: 328: 326: 314: 312: 309: 293: 285:Main articles: 283: 278: 214: 178: 176: 120: 26: 12: 11: 5: 10765: 10755: 10754: 10749: 10732: 10731: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10698: 10697: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 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Armada 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10025: 10023: 10016: 10009: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9910: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9886:Juan Fernández 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9861:Diego Columbus 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9777: 9775: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9701: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9691: 9689:Army of Africa 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9669:Spanish Armada 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9645: 9643: 9635: 9634: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9570:Manila galleon 9566: 9564: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9525: 9523: 9513: 9512: 9502: 9501: 9498: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 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Alaska 8710: 8707: 8706: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8610: 8609: 8599: 8598: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8500: 8499: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8390: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8370: 8369: 8366:Spanish Empire 8362: 8361: 8354: 8347: 8339: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8299: 8297:Junípero Serra 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8185: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8175: 8170: 8168:Manila galleon 8165: 8160: 8154: 8152: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8118: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8091: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8030: 8028: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7972: 7970: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7929: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7866: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7847:Tohono O'odham 7844: 7839: 7834: 7832:Pueblo peoples 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7807:Akimel O'odham 7803: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7730: 7728: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7626: 7624: 7617: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7534:Antonio Margil 7531: 7526: 7524:Marcos de Niza 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7489:Junípero Serra 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7454:Diego de Landa 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7404:Pedro de Gante 7400: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7322: 7320: 7309: 7301: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7256:Alonso de León 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7191:Manuel Quimper 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7116:Nuño de Guzmán 7113: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7062: 7060: 7051: 7043: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6974: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6942: 6932: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6716: 6709: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6640: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6483: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6397: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6325: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6282: 6280: 6278:Habsburg Spain 6271: 6270:administration 6261: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6221:Acoma Massacre 6218: 6212: 6206: 6200: 6197:Chichimeca War 6194: 6188: 6181: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6097: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6076: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6053: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6022: 6020:Deerfield Raid 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5677: 5676: 5675: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5481:Trois-Rivières 5478: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5443:Domaine du roy 5440: 5438:Pays d'en Haut 5435: 5430: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5312: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5289: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5167: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5099: 5097: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5073:Public schools 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4995:Notable people 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4892:Orleans Parish 4888: 4885: 4884: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4834: 4822: 4821:External links 4819: 4818: 4817: 4808: 4801: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4746: 4731: 4722: 4717:978-0807160879 4716: 4703: 4697: 4684: 4679:978-1469622804 4678: 4665: 4659: 4646: 4633: 4626: 4621:978-0674725904 4620: 4607: 4602:978-0801894343 4601: 4588: 4582: 4569: 4563: 4548: 4539: 4534:978-1572330245 4533: 4520: 4514:978-0313211348 4513: 4498: 4488: 4483:978-0025488908 4482: 4469: 4464:978-0940231047 4463: 4448: 4443:978-1496804860 4442: 4429: 4416: 4411:978-1934110683 4410: 4397: 4387: 4381:978-0691166896 4380: 4367: 4362:978-0807177365 4361: 4348: 4343:978-0813062181 4342: 4329: 4324:978-0226138428 4323: 4310: 4299: 4294:978-1137278869 4293: 4278: 4269: 4264:978-1501700446 4263: 4248: 4243:978-0544586178 4242: 4227: 4222:978-0061124235 4221: 4208: 4199: 4194:978-1450223942 4193: 4180: 4175:978-0252063770 4174: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4132:Chisholm, Hugh 4112: 4111: 4100: 4073: 4048: 4030: 4010: 3988: 3968: 3943: 3938:Bloomberg L.P. 3917: 3911:Times-Picayune 3890: 3864: 3849: 3842: 3824: 3809: 3802: 3784: 3761: 3742: 3731:(4): 341–367. 3711: 3700:(2): 117–146. 3680: 3671: 3662: 3653: 3638: 3636:, p. 532. 3621: 3608: 3595: 3588: 3570: 3549: 3524: 3498: 3491:978-1930066106 3490: 3472: 3463: 3457:978-0141001791 3456: 3438: 3432:978-0743296281 3431: 3413: 3387: 3381:978-0674024168 3380: 3362: 3356:978-0300168037 3355: 3337: 3318: 3276: 3262: 3242: 3233: 3195: 3176: 3159: 3133: 3120: 3118:, p. 531. 3091: 3065: 3058: 3040: 3027:978-1887366854 3026: 3003: 2997:978-0195316919 2996: 2976: 2965:. June 8, 2018 2950: 2921: 2890: 2861: 2830: 2800: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2745:Jacques Chirac 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2675:electric power 2662:Mitch Landrieu 2638: 2635: 2618:Hurricane Rita 2543:Gulf of Mexico 2504:Main article: 2474: 2471: 2461: 2458: 2453:Poydras Street 2380:Lyndon Johnson 2376:Lower 9th Ward 2347:marsh-killing 2243:Andrew Higgins 2183:Martin Behrman 2101: 2098: 2060:origin of the 2050: 2047: 2012: 2009: 2001:Robert Charles 1964:public library 1900: 1897: 1852:Reconstruction 1789:Douglas Wilder 1764:Reconstruction 1692:Victor Pierson 1678: 1675: 1631:Union Blockade 1620:French Quarter 1577: 1574: 1560: 1557: 1497:had issued an 1495:Andrew Jackson 1440:Faubourg Tremé 1436:French Quarter 1431:, were begun. 1419:; in 1851 the 1401:crisis of 1837 1311: 1308: 1265:a naval battle 1237:Andrew Jackson 1212: 1209: 1170:Wade Hampton I 1115:Main article: 1112: 1109: 1060:Saint-Domingue 1031:); and by the 1015:of New Orleans 1009:Bayou St. John 1005:Historic house 997: 994: 966: 963: 894: 891: 857:the Presbytere 823:Thomas Kitchin 812: 785:Spanish Empire 751: 750: 665: 663: 656: 650: 647: 592:Jackson Square 562:French Quarter 522:in that role. 473:Gulf of Mexico 469:Bayou St. John 401: 400: 389: 376: 363: 352: 338: 324: 306: 282: 279: 277: 274: 239:Bayou St. John 229:peoples built 216: 215: 213: 212: 205: 198: 190: 187: 186: 173: 172: 171: 170: 154: 152:Post-Civil War 149: 147:U.S. Civil War 144: 139: 129: 128: 119: 116: 49:Cabildo Museum 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10764: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10691: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10653:Tapada limeña 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10620: 10617: 10610: 10606: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10505: 10501: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10399: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10293: 10290: 10286: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10245:Montes Claros 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10185:Vienna (1529) 10183: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10171: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10026: 10024: 10020: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10006: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9914:Hernán Cortés 9912: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9906:Conquistadors 9903: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9876:Juan de Ayala 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9772: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9730:Duke of Savoy 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9629: 9625: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9561: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9529:Dollar (Peso) 9527: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9507: 9503: 9489: 9488:Santo Domingo 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9365:New Andalusia 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9312:Santo Domingo 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9275: 9271: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9236:Viceroyalties 9233: 9229: 9222: 9218: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9128: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9081: 9077: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9056: 9049: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8993: 8986: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8934: 8929: 8923: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8845: 8841:South America 8838: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8768: 8761: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8726:Spanish Texas 8723: 8719: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8708: 8704:North America 8701: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8685:Franche-Comté 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8622: 8615: 8611: 8604: 8600: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8498: 8495: 8494: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8382: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8355: 8353: 8348: 8346: 8341: 8340: 8337: 8325: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8262:Francis Drake 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8243: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8180: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8111: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8023: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7965: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7948:Plains Apache 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7796: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7723: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7610: 7607: 7601: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7504:Esteban Tápis 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7176:Juan de Oñate 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106:Hernán Cortés 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7098:conquistadors 7095:Explorers and 7093: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7057:Pre-New Spain 7055: 7052: 7050:conquistadors 7044: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6992:Nueva Vizcaya 6990: 6988: 6987:Nueva Galicia 6985: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6921:Provinces and 6919: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6892:Santo Domingo 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6882:St. Augustine 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6700: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6635: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6603:Gobernaciones 6601: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6459:Santo Domingo 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6421:Santo Domingo 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6366: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6321:Bourbon Spain 6318: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6262: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6239:Pueblo Revolt 6237: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6159: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6069: 6067: 6062: 6060: 6055: 6054: 6051: 6039: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5769:Chemin du Roy 5767: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5684: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5589:Fort Duquesne 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5579:Fort Carillon 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5564:Fort de Buade 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5027: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4990:Neighborhoods 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4856: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4698:9780520274044 4694: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4583:9781455618729 4579: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4564:0-938530-03-8 4560: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4127:public domain 4116: 4115: 4109: 4104: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4077: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3958:on 2014-10-19 3957: 3953: 3947: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3921: 3914: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3900: 3894: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3861:. p. 90. 3860: 3853: 3845: 3843:0-8071-3036-2 3839: 3835: 3828: 3820: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3772: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3649: 3642: 3635: 3634:Chisholm 1911 3630: 3628: 3626: 3618: 3612: 3605: 3599: 3591: 3589:0-8071-1945-8 3585: 3581: 3574: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3493: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3467: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3434: 3428: 3424: 3417: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3383: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3265: 3263:9780807120422 3259: 3255: 3254: 3246: 3237: 3222: 3218: 3215:(3): 270–82. 3214: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3172: 3171: 3163: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3124: 3117: 3116:Chisholm 1911 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3080: 3079:History Today 3076: 3069: 3061: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3029: 3023: 3016: 3015: 3007: 2999: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2980: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2940:on 2013-08-20 2939: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2918: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2887: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2858: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2796: 2790: 2776:on 2013-05-09 2775: 2771: 2765: 2761: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2704:Hurricane Ida 2700: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2528:Interstate 10 2525: 2521: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2467: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2435: 2433: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2325:desegregation 2318: 2317:Air Force One 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239:Higgins boats 2236: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2201: 2199: 2190: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2121: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2056: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1931: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888:, called the 1887: 1882: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1865: 1864:silver dollar 1860: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1797:Panic of 1873 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1709: 1705: 1704:fire brigades 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639:D.G. Farragut 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1609:Early in the 1606: 1602: 1593: 1586: 1582: 1576:The Civil War 1573: 1571: 1567: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1455: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417:New York City 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380:steam-powered 1377: 1373: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1243:, during the 1242: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1218: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1200:Place d'Armes 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1118: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041:Creole French 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 993: 986: 981: 976: 972: 962: 960: 959: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 908: 904: 900: 890: 888: 884: 883:United States 880: 875: 873: 869: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 845: 841: 837: 831: 828: 824: 817: 811: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 781:French colony 778: 772: 768: 762: 758: 747: 744: 736: 733:December 2016 725: 722: 718: 715: 711: 708: 704: 701: 697: 694: – 693: 689: 688:Find sources: 682: 678: 672: 671: 666:This section 664: 660: 655: 654: 646: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 627:Lake Maurepas 624: 620: 615: 613: 609: 608:galley slaves 601: 597: 593: 589: 588:Place d'Armes 584: 577: 573: 569: 567: 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 504: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 408:trappers and 407: 390: 387: 377: 374: 364: 353: 350: 339: 336: 325: 322: 311: 302: 297: 292: 288: 270: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 211: 206: 204: 199: 197: 192: 191: 189: 188: 185: 175: 174: 169: 168: 164: 160: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 142:Pre-statehood 140: 138: 137: 133: 132: 131: 130: 127: 124: 123: 115: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 25: 21: 16: 10628:Architecture 10523:The Americas 10387:Newfoundland 10377:Túpac Katari 10367:Cuerno Verde 10302:Tenochtitlan 10134:Valenciennes 9891:Luis Fajardo 9760:Blas de Lezo 9705:Duke of Alba 9585:Spanish Road 9423:Buenos Aires 9332:Governorates 9101:Ayuntamiento 9094:Organization 8559:Carlist Wars 8407:Italian Wars 8292:Moctezuma II 8272:Eusebio Kino 8194:Peninsulares 8114:Architecture 7943:Lipan Apache 7880:Coahuiltecan 7862:Aridoamerica 7716:Guanahatabey 7623:Mesoamerican 7585:Cargo system 7563:Other events 7479:Eusebio Kino 7308:in New Spain 6344:Ferdinand VI 6131:Dutch Revolt 6010:Lachine Raid 5747:Maréchaussée 5745: 5669:Terre-Neuve 5574:Fort Detroit 5554:Fort Rouillé 5527:Terre-Neuve 5520: 5433:Ohio Country 5095:Universities 5093:Colleges and 5043:City Council 4962: 4933:Demographics 4923:Architecture 4830: 4812: 4804: 4796: 4769: 4763: 4736: 4726: 4707: 4688: 4669: 4650: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4611: 4592: 4573: 4553: 4543: 4524: 4503: 4491: 4473: 4453: 4433: 4424: 4420: 4401: 4391: 4371: 4352: 4333: 4314: 4304: 4283: 4273: 4253: 4232: 4212: 4203: 4184: 4164: 4139: 4103: 4092:. 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Long 2220: 2213: 2206: 2202: 2196:In 1923 the 2195: 2177:In 1917 the 2176: 2165: 2161:Philadelphia 2158: 2145:yellow fever 2142: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2100:20th century 2091: 2083: 2064: 2058: 2031:yellow fever 2024: 2020: 1994: 1983: 1972: 1957: 1932: 1925: 1902: 1894: 1886:World's Fair 1883: 1880: 1861: 1848: 1827:John McEnery 1819:White League 1816: 1805: 1801: 1761: 1738: 1713: 1699: 1659: 1643:Fort Jackson 1624: 1608: 1584: 1562: 1534: 1523: 1472: 1457: 1444:Canal Street 1433: 1369: 1350: 1340:, nephew of 1323: 1293: 1274:John Lambert 1253: 1249:Jean Lafitte 1230: 1205: 1199: 1187:firing squad 1163: 1154:German Coast 1147: 1137:. While the 1120: 1083: 1079: 1053: 1018: 990: 965:19th century 956: 938: 926:retrocession 910: 889:facilities. 876: 861: 844:another fire 833: 826: 819: 814: 805: 774: 739: 730: 720: 713: 706: 699: 687: 675:Please help 670:verification 667: 616: 605: 595: 594:) along the 587: 575: 565: 551: 524: 518:, replacing 496: 444: 438: 403: 276:Colonial era 254: 219: 157: 134: 55: 54: 32: 15: 10595:Philippines 10560:El Salvador 10180:Capo d'Orso 10064:St. Quentin 10039:Rome (1527) 9698:Strategists 9448:Guadalajara 9375:New Navarre 9370:New Castile 9355:La Luisiana 9307:Puerto Rico 9297:Philippines 9254:New Granada 8944:Philippines 8905:(Uruguay), 8901:(Bolivia), 8851:New Granada 8791:Puerto Rico 8737: [ 8607:Territories 8427:Encomiendas 8277:La Malinche 7650:P'urhépecha 7605:and culture 7449:Diego Durán 7291:Thomas Gage 7026:Other areas 6923:territories 6867:San Antonio 6852:Albuquerque 6827:Los Ángeles 6777:Guadalajara 6722:Mexico City 6537:Guadalajara 6492:New Orleans 6454:Puerto Rico 6449:Philippines 6401:Guadalajara 6349:Charles III 6245:Pima Revolt 6082:(1521–1821) 5864:Amerindians 5827:1666 census 5736:Officiality 5731:Provostship 5618:Governments 5599:Castle Hill 5521:New Orleans 5497:Île Royale 5476:Quebec City 5424:(1713–1763) 5412:(1662–1713) 5410:Terre-Neuve 5406:(1608–1763) 5400:(1604–1713) 5234:(Xavier LA) 5005:Skyscrapers 4136:New Orleans 3606:pp. 32–237. 3147:64 Parishes 2823:21 February 2681:declared a 2571:Storm surge 2416:Marc Morial 2109:Child labor 1951:in 1896 as 1696:Paul Poincy 1666:martial law 1513:coins, the 1501:, called a 1409:Baton Rouge 1372:natural gas 1330:Tallahassee 1304:Martial law 1285:Fort Bowyer 1256:Lake Borgne 1233:War of 1812 1231:During the 1221:War of 1812 1211:War of 1812 1197:and at the 1033:War of 1812 1029:martial law 947:. A French 853:the Cabildo 840:Good Friday 639:Lake Borgne 388:(1861–1862) 351:(1802–1803) 337:(1763–1802) 323:(1718–1763) 251:trade route 96:New England 84:New Orleans 76:War of 1812 10741:Categories 10265:Somosierra 10255:Manila Bay 10129:Nördlingen 10069:Gravelines 9549:Columnario 9521:Currencies 9438:Concepción 9410:Audiencias 9385:New Toledo 9350:La Florida 9183:Corregidor 9147:Papal bull 9052:Antarctica 8960:Micronesia 8417:Golden Age 8127:by country 7875:Chichimeca 7726:California 7613:Indigenous 7046:Explorers, 6971:New Mexico 6954:California 6935:La Florida 6797:Guanajuato 6747:Cuernavaca 6706:provinces, 6628:Encomienda 6608:Adelantado 6582:La Florida 6532:Valladolid 6527:Guanajuato 6479:Intendancy 6393:Audiencias 6354:Charles IV 6311:Charles II 6266:government 6191:Yaqui Wars 6185:Mixtón War 5937:Sulpicians 5894:card money 5822:Population 5716:Intendancy 5679:Louisiane 5584:Fort Condé 5507:Louisiane 5501:Louisbourg 5466:Port Royal 5422:Île Royale 5316:New France 5113:Holy Cross 5030:Government 5015:Streetcars 5000:Public art 4975:Mardi Gras 4958:Healthcare 4792:Grace King 4747:082031790X 4660:0520204417 4644:: 133–176. 4427:: 527–612. 4154:See also: 4094:2021-08-30 4067:2019-10-12 3962:2015-02-15 3758:(1): 7–29. 3543:2019-02-21 3192:: 292–331. 2944:2013-05-19 2874:tulane.edu 2780:2014-02-02 2756:References 2697:1031 Canal 2637:Since 2005 2551:evacuation 2547:Category 5 2500:at center. 2487:Gulf Coast 2368:Vic Schiro 2245:. General 2149:mosquitoes 2113:Lewis Hine 2094:subsidence 2053:See also: 2015:See also: 1990:Storyville 1785:U.S. state 1775:succeeded 1743:began the 1708:Henry Clay 1681:See also: 1407:. In 1849 1314:See also: 1289:Mobile Bay 1225:See also: 1195:River Road 1092:free black 1080:affranchis 1021:Aaron Burr 969:See also: 765:See also: 703:newspapers 543:alligators 461:Quinipissa 291:New France 18:See also: 10570:Nicaragua 10548:Guatemala 10458:Pichincha 10443:Chacabuco 10382:Pensacola 10327:Mataquito 10307:Cajamarca 10288:New World 10260:Trafalgar 10164:Alhucemas 10044:Landriano 10029:Comuneros 10015:Old World 9959:Joan Orpí 9679:Royalists 9453:Guatemala 9380:New Spain 9317:Venezuela 9292:Guatemala 9249:New Spain 9244:Columbian 9137:Exequatur 9037:Cape Juby 8891:Argentina 8714:New Spain 8648:Gibraltar 8412:Habsburgs 8026:Filipinos 8001:Pensacola 7981:Apalachee 7699:Caribbean 7675:Kaqchikel 7059:explorers 6930:Louisiana 6877:Pensacola 6862:Los Adaes 6842:San Diego 6812:Querétaro 6802:Zacatecas 6787:Monterrey 6542:Zacatecas 6512:Nicaragua 6507:Comayagua 6444:Guatemala 6306:Philip IV 6301:Philp III 6296:Philip II 6286:Charles I 6089:Conflicts 6080:New Spain 5932:Ursulines 5927:Grey Nuns 5922:Récollets 5839:Canadiens 5834:Habitants 5784:Voyageurs 5774:Fur trade 5753:Code Noir 5633:Intendant 5531:Plaisance 5453:Towns and 5416:Louisiana 5360:1663–1759 5355:1608–1662 5350:1534–1607 5242:Festivals 5179:(Dillard) 5173:(Delgado) 4953:Geography 4943:Education 4902:Louisiana 4756:In French 4024:USA Today 3883:April 14, 3777:April 20, 3406:April 14, 3313:145196808 3269:March 18, 3152:April 14, 3084:April 14, 2969:April 14, 2910:April 14, 2880:April 14, 2850:April 14, 2599:sea level 2466:Ray Nagin 2449:Riverwalk 2407:In 1986, 2340:mister go 2216:Milneburg 2143:In 1905, 2069:sea level 2027:epidemics 2011:Epidemics 2005:race riot 1921:the Mafia 1814:in 1874. 1781:Louisiana 1460:Pilfering 1413:St. Louis 1405:Civil War 1278:artillery 1178:John Shaw 619:estuaries 558:grid plan 554:hurricane 531:malarious 255:Bulbancha 100:Civil War 39:with the 10580:Colombia 10565:Honduras 10478:Asomante 10463:Ayacucho 10453:Carabobo 10428:Curalaba 10205:Ceresole 10099:Gembloux 10059:Mühlberg 9774:Mariners 9632:Military 9554:Doubloon 9539:Maravedí 9483:Santiago 9390:Paraguay 9116:Germania 8956:Caroline 8911:Malvinas 8895:Paraguay 8855:Colombia 8797:Trinidad 8664:Sardinia 8504:Bourbons 8324:Category 8287:Limahong 8142:Missions 8006:Seminole 7991:Muscogee 7938:Comanche 7910:Tepehuán 7900:La Junta 7822:Hualapai 7759:Kumeyaay 7739:Cahuilla 7017:Pampanga 6897:San Juan 6847:Santa Fe 6837:San José 6817:Saltillo 6767:Campeche 6762:Acapulco 6727:Veracruz 6637:Treaties 6591:Politics 6552:Veracruz 6517:Camagüey 6365:Joseph I 6329:Philip V 6038:Category 5889:Currency 5849:Acadians 5683:Governor 5673:Governor 5663:Governor 5486:Montreal 5455:villages 5391:Colonies 5228:(Tulane) 4968:Timeline 4772:(1): 1. 4088:NBC News 4043:CBS News 3929:Archived 3902:Archived 3517:18 March 3330:Archived 2934:fema.gov 2813:NOLA.com 2789:cite web 2714:See also 2688:In 2018 2589:and the 2583:ING 4727 2520:Gulfport 2275:Gentilly 2271:Lakeview 2262:Metairie 2062:nickname 2043:smallpox 1941:Jim Crow 1909:Italians 1843:monument 1616:colonial 1483:Southern 1463:Molasses 1396:quadroon 1068:Refugees 1037:polyglot 877:Through 868:commerce 612:Kerlerec 549:future. 547:imperial 503:John Law 167:Politics 156:Topics: 37:USA flag 10712:Asiento 10683:Mustang 10543:Yucatán 10538:Chiapas 10418:Tucapel 10250:Passaro 10200:Algiers 10190:Preveza 10159:Tetouan 10154:Vitoria 10144:Bitonto 10084:Antwerp 10079:Lepanto 10034:Bicocca 9510:Economy 9433:Charcas 9428:Caracas 9322:Yucatán 9193:Regidor 9178:Alcalde 9106:Cabildo 9013:Tripoli 8952:Mariana 8899:Charcas 8875:(Peru, 8859:Ecuador 8822:Bonaire 8817:Curazao 8802:Jamaica 8730:Florida 8221:Coyotes 8216:Castizo 8211:Mestizo 8201:Criollo 8079:Cebuano 8074:Tagalog 8044:Mangyan 8034:Negrito 8016:Yustaga 8011:Timucua 7958:Wichita 7953:Tonkawa 7890:Cocopah 7885:Cochimí 7837:Quechan 7784:Serrano 7764:Luiseño 7754:Juaneño 7744:Chumash 7711:Ciboney 7685:Poqomam 7680:Zapotec 7670:Kʼicheʼ 7655:Totonac 7640:Huastec 7615:peoples 7603:Society 7012:Bulacan 6939:Florida 6857:El Paso 6807:Pachuca 6782:Durango 6757:Morelia 6704:cities, 6702:Notable 6623:Cabildo 6598:Viceroy 6567:Durango 6502:Chiapas 6464:Yucatán 6339:Louis I 6264:Central 5884:Alcohol 5874:Plaçage 5869:Slavery 5815:Society 5762:Economy 5741:Bailiff 5659:Acadie 5624:Canada 5491:Détroit 5472:Canada 5462:Acadie 5323:History 5108:Dillard 5078:Airport 5020:Tourism 4963:History 4938:Economy 4928:Culture 4129:: 3737:4232448 3706:4232935 3615:Hearn, 3602:Hearn, 3226:Nov 16, 3221:4231333 3033:12 July 2857:region. 2604:billion 2585:). 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