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Spanish. Chenggong directly addressed the
Chinese leaders in Taiwan rather than Dutch authorities, stating that he would withhold his junks from trading in Taiwan if the Dutch would not guarantee their safety. Chenggong had increased foreign trade by sending junks to various regions and Batavia was wary of this competition. Batavia sent a small fleet to Southeast Asian ports to intercept Chenggong's junks. One junk was captured but another junk managed to escape. The Taiwanese trade slowed and for several months in late 1655 and early 1656 not a single Chinese vessel arrived in Tayouan. Even low-cost goods grew scarce and the value of aboriginal products fell. The system of selling Chinese merchants the right to trade in aboriginal villages fell apart. On 9 July 1656, a junk flying Chenggong's flag arrived at Fort Zeelandia. Chenggong wrote that he was angry with the Dutch but since Chinese people lived in Taiwan, he would allow them to trade on the Chinese coast for 100 days so long as only Taiwanese products were sold. Chinese merchants began leaving. Chenggong confiscated a Chinese junk from Tayouan trading pepper in Xiamen, causing Chinese merchants to abort their trade voyages. Chinese merchants refused to buy the company's foreign wares and even sold their own foreign wares, causing prices to collapse.
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expedition was paid for by the
Chinese populace. When peace negotiations failed, the Dutch blamed a group of Chinese at Favorolang. The Favorolangers continued their attacks until 1638. In 1640 an incident involving the capture of a Favorolang leader and the ensuing death of three Dutch hunters near Favorolang resulted in the banning of Chinese hunters from Favorolang territory. The Dutch blamed the Chinese and orders were given to restrict Chinese residency and travel. No Chinese vessel was allowed around Taiwan unless it carried a license. An expedition was ordered to chase away the Chinese from the land and to subjugate the natives to the north. In November 1642, an expedition set out northward, killing 19 natives and 11 Chinese. A policy banning any Chinese from living north of Mattau was implemented. Later the Chinese were allowed to conduct trade in Favorolang with a permit. The Favorolangers were told to capture any Chinese who did not possess a permit.
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1357:. Most of the Dutch were able to find refuge but others were captured and executed. Over the next two days, natives and Dutch killed around 500 Chinese. On 11 September, four or five thousand Chinese rebels clashed with the company soldiers and their native allies. The rebels fled; some 4,000 Chinese were killed. The rebellion and its ensuing massacre destroyed the rural labor force. Although the crops survived almost unscathed, there was a below average harvest for 1653. However thousands of Chinese migrated to Taiwan due to war on the mainland and a modest recovery of agriculture occurred. Anti-Chinese measures increased. Natives were reminded to watch the Chinese and not to engage with them. However, in terms of military preparations, little was done. In May 1654, Fort Zeelandia was afflicted by locusts, a plague, and an earthquake.
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3510:. From 1937 to 1945, over 207,000 Taiwanese were employed by the Japanese military. Roughly 50,000 went missing in action or died, another 2,000 were disabled, 21 were executed for war crimes, and 147 were sentenced to imprisonment for two or three years. Some Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldiers claim they were coerced and did not choose to join the army. Racial discrimination was commonplace despite rare occasions of camaraderie. After Japan's surrender, the Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldiers were abandoned by Japan and no transportation back to Taiwan or Japan was provided. Many of them faced difficulties in mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan. An organization of Taiwanese ex-Japanese soldiers tried to get the Japanese government to pay their unpaid wages several decades later. They failed.
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again for a short period. Starting in 1771, Qing restrictions on cross-strait migration relaxed as they realized that the policies were unenforceable. Even during periods of legal migration, more individuals chose to hire illegal ferry service than to deal with official procedures. After lifting restrictions on family crossings in 1760, only 277 people requested permits after a year, the majority of them being government employees. In comparison, within a ten-month period in 1758–1759, nearly 60,000 people were arrested for illegal crossings. In 1790, an office was set up to manage civilian travel between Taiwan and the mainland, and the Qing government ceased to actively interfere in cross-strait migration. In 1875, all restrictions on entering Taiwan were repealed.
1701:. Political turmoil, heavy taxes, an epidemic in the north, a large fire that caused the destruction of more than a thousand houses, and suspicion of collusion with the Qing caused more Zheng followers to defect to the Qing. Zheng's deputy Commander Liu Bingzhong surrendered with his ships and men from Penghu. Orders from the Kangxi Emperor to invade Taiwan reached Yao Qisheng and Shi Lang on 6 June 1682. The invasion fleet met with unfavorable winds and was forced to turn back. Conflict between Yao and Shi led to Yao's removal in November. On 18 November 1682, Shi Lang was authorized to assume the role of supreme commander and Yao was relegated to logistics. Two attempts to sail to Penghu in February 1683 failed due to a shift in winds.
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1404:. The Qing deployed a large army to the area and Chenggong decided to ferry his army along the coast but a storm hindered his movements. The Qing launched a surprise attack on Xiamen, forcing him to return to protect it. From 1656 to 1658 he planned to take Nanjing. Chenggong encircled Nanjing on 24 August 1659. Qing reinforcements arrived and broke Chenggong's army, forcing them to retreat to Xiamen. In 1660 the Qing embarked on a coastal evacuation policy to starve Chenggong of his source of livelihood. Some of the rebels during the Guo Huaiyi rebellion had expected aid from Chenggong and some company officials believed that the rebellion had been incited by him.
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women from low income families were also part of the comfort women system. Some were pressured into it by financial reasons while others were sold by their families. However some women from well to do families also ended up as comfort women. More than half were minors with some as young as 14. Very few women who were sent overseas understood what the true purpose of their journey was. Some of the women believed they would be serving as nurses. Taiwanese women were told to provide sexual services to the
Japanese military "in the name of patriotism to the country." By 1940, brothels were set up in Taiwan to service Japanese males.
2500:, the leader of the Tiandihui led his forces to defeat the Qing troops. Many of the rebel army's troops came from new arrivals from mainland China who could not find land. Lin attacked Changhua County, killing 2,000 civilians. In early 1787, 50,000 Qing troops under Li Shiyao were sent to put down the rebellion. Lin tried to enlist the support of the Hakka people but they sent their troops to support the Qing. Despite the Tiandihui's ostensibly anti-Qing stance, its members were generally anti-government and were not motivated by ethnic or national interest, resulting in social discord. In 1788, 10,000 Qing troops led by
2341:) resulted in its continued status as a forbidden area. Six aboriginal villages occupied the flat and fertile basin area of Shuishalian. The aboriginals had submitted as early as 1693 but they remained non-acculturated. In 1814, some settlers obtained reclamation permits through fabricating land lease requests. In 1816, government troops evicted the settlers. Multiple officials recommended opening up Shuishalian between 1823 and 1848, but these recommendations were ignored. The subject of land reclamation continued to be a topic of discussion and the Tamsui subprefecture gazetteer in 1871 openly called for colonization.
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1649:. The Qing established a naval force in Fujian in 1662 and appointed Shi Lang as the commander. Shi advocated for more aggressive action against the Zhengs. On 15 May 1663, Shi attacked the Zheng fleet and succeeded in killing and capturing Zheng forces. From 18 to 20 November, the Dutch fought sea battles against Zheng forces while Shi took Xiamen. In 1664, Shi assembled a fleet of 240 ships, and in conjunction with 16,500 troops, chased remaining Zheng forces south. They failed to dislodge the last Zheng stronghold. After the defection of Zheng commander Zhou Quanbin,
2376:, recommended subjugating the aborigines and populating their territory with Chinese settlers to prevent Japanese encroachment. The administration of Taiwan was expanded and campaigns against the aborigines were launched. Starting in 1874, mountain roads were built and aborigines were brought into formal submission. In 1875, the ban on entering Taiwan was lifted. In 1877, 21 guidelines on subjugating aborigines and opening the mountains were issued. Agencies for recruiting settlers were established. Efforts to promote settlement in Taiwan petered out soon after.
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from traders for safe passage through the Taiwan Strait. Zheng Taiwan held a monopoly on certain commodities such as deer skin and sugarcane, which sold at a high price in Japan. Zheng Taiwan achieved greater economic diversification than the profit-driven Dutch colony and cultivated more types of grain, vegetables, fruits, and seafood. By the end of Zheng rule in 1683, the government was extracting over 30% more annual income in silver than under the Dutch in 1655. Sugar exports exceeded Dutch figures in 1658 while deerskin output remained the same.
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1529:'s succession was contested by Zheng Miao, Zheng Chenggong's fifth son. Zheng Jing arrived in Taiwan in December 1662 and defeated his enemies. The infighting caused some followers to defect to the Qing. By 1663, some 3,985 officials and officers, 40,962 soldiers, 64,230 civilians, and 900 ships in Fujian had defected from Zheng territory. To combat population decline, Zheng Jing promoted migration to Taiwan. Between 1665 and 1669 a large number of Fujianese moved to Taiwan. Some 9,000 Chinese were brought to Taiwan by Zheng Jing.
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3240:" imperial Japanization project was implemented to ensure the Taiwanese would remain subjects of the Japanese Emperor rather than support a Chinese victory. The goal was to make sure the Taiwanese people did not develop a sense of national identity. Although the stated goal was to assimilate the Taiwanese, in practice the process segregated the Japanese into their discrete areas, despite co-opting Taiwanese leaders. The organization was responsible for increasing war propaganda, donation drives, and regimenting Taiwanese life.
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Liuqiu Island. The Dutch and their allies chased about 300 inhabitants into caves, sealed the entrances, and killed them with poisonous fumes. The native population of 1100 was removed from the island. They were enslaved with the men sent to
Batavia while the women and children became servants and wives for the Dutch officers. The Dutch planned to depopulate the outlying islands. The villages of Taccariang, Soulang, and Tevorang were also pacified. In 1642, the Dutch massacred the people of Liuqiu island again.
515:. Over two centuries of Qing rule, Taiwan's population increased by over two million and became majority Han Chinese due to illegal cross-strait migrations from mainland China and encroachment on Taiwanese indigenous territory. Due to the continued expansion of Chinese settlements, Qing-governed territory eventually encompassed the entire western plains and the northeast. This process accelerated in the later stages of Qing rule when settler colonalization of Taiwan was actively encouraged. The Qing
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camps with no intention of withdrawing, but in August and
September 600 soldiers fell ill. The death toll rose to 561. Negotiations with Qing China began on 10 September. The Western Powers pressured China not to cause bloodshed with Japan as it would negatively impact the coastal trade. The resulting Peking Agreement was signed on 30 October. Japan gained the recognition of Ryukyu as its vassal and an indemnity payment of 500,000 taels. Japanese troops withdrew from Taiwan on 3 December.
1716:. The Zheng garrison fired at the Qing ships and then set sail from the harbor with about 100 ships to meet the Qing forces. Shi concentrated fire on one big enemy ship at a time until all of Zheng's battle ships were sunk by the end of 17 July. Approximately 12,000 Zheng forces perished. Liu escaped to Taiwan while the garrison commanders surrendered. The Qing captured Penghu on 18 July. Shi Lang arrived in Taiwan on 5 October 1683 to supervise the surrender, which went smoothly.
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small percentage of the
Taiwanese population and Japanese children attended their own primary schools. Post-elementary education was rare for Taiwanese people and a portion of the population continued to enroll in Qing-style private schools due to limited access to government educational institutions. Most boys attended Chinese schools while a smaller portion trained at religious schools. Elementary education was offered to those Taiwanese who could afford it.
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and Taiwan were developed. Construction of large scale irrigation facilities and power plants followed. Agricultural development was the goal of colonial projects and the objective was for Taiwan to provide Japan with food and raw materials. Fertilizer and production facilities were imported from Japan. Textile and paper industries were developed near the end of
Japanese rule for self-sufficiency. All modern and large enterprises were owned by the Japanese.
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with mixed results. The telegraph line only functioned in bursts of a week due to a difficult overland connection and the railway required an overhaul, serviced small rolling stock, and carried little freight. Taiwan attracted few laborers and few settlers went to Taiwan due to the aborigines and harsh climate. Governor Liu was criticized for the high cost and little gain of colonization activities. Liu resigned in 1891 and the colonization efforts ceased.
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Quanzhou and tried to retake the city in August 1678 but they were forced to retreat when Qing reinforcements arrived. Zheng forces suffered heavy casualties in a battle in
January 1679. On 20 March 1680, the Qing fleet led by Wan Zhengse defeated Zheng naval forces near Quanzhou. Many Zheng commanders and soldiers defected to the Qing. Xiamen was abandoned. On 10 April, Zheng Jing's war on the mainland came to a close. Zheng Jing died in early 1681.
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3355:. Offspring of intermarriage were considered Japanese if their Taiwanese mother chose Japanese citizenship or if their Taiwanese father did not apply for ROC citizenship. As many as half the Japanese who left Taiwan after 1945 were born in Taiwan. The Taiwanese seized or attempted to occupy property they believed were unfairly obtained in previous decades. Japanese assets were collected and the ROC government retained most of it for their use.
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of marking settler boundaries and segregating them from aboriginal territories became official policy in 1722. Fifty-four stelae were used to mark crucial points along the boundary. Settlers were forbidden from crossing into aboriginal territory but settler encroachment continued, and the boundaries were rebuilt in 1750, 1760, 1784, and 1790. Settlers were forbidden from marrying aborigines as marriage was one way to obtain land.
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Chinese to plant sugarcane in Sakam. In the spring of 1635, 300 Chinese laborers arrived. The
Chinese initially cultivated rice but lost interest in the crop by 1639 due to lack of access to water. This was addressed in the early 1640s and rice production resumed. Various industries sprung up and in the 1640s the Dutch began to tax them, causing some discontent. After 1648, nearly all company revenue came from the Chinese.
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2716:(Toketok), explained that a long time ago the white men came and almost exterminated the Koaluts tribe and their ancestors passed down their desire for revenge. They agreed that the mountain aborigines would help the castaways. It was later discovered that Tanketok did not have absolute control over the tribes. Le Gendre castigated China as a semi-civilized power for not seizing the territory of a "wild race".
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Taiwan's four electrical power plants, three were destroyed. Damage to agriculture was relatively contained but most developments came to a halt and irrigation facilities were abandoned. Since all key positions were held by
Japanese, their departure left Taiwan with a severe lack of trained personnel. Inflation was rampant as a result of the war. Taiwan's standards of living did not recover until the 1960s.
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planned a rebellion against the Japanese with 500 fighters, resulting in the execution of more than 1,000 Taiwanese by Japanese police. Luo was killed on 3 March 1914. In 1915, Yu Qingfang organized a religious group that defied Japanese authority. In the Tapani incident, 1,413 members of Yu's group were captured. Yu and 200 of his followers were executed. After the Tapani rebels were defeated,
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completely effective. French ships around mainland China's coast attacked any junk they could find and captured its occupants to be shipped to Keelung for constructing defensive works. However, for every junk the French captured, another five junks arrived with supplies at Takau and Anping. The immediate effect of the blockade was a sharp in decline of legal trade and income.
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these island. But the future title is not determined by the Japanese peace treaty, nor is it determined by the peace treaty which was concluded between the Republic of China and Japan. Therefore, the juridical status of these islands, Formosa and the Pescadores, is different from the juridical status of the offshore islands which have always been Chinese territory.
3637:'s statement on the status of Taiwan in 1950, lack of specificity on the transfer of Taiwan in the 1951 San Francisco peace treaty, and the absence of explicit provisions on the return of Taiwan to China in the 1952 Treaty of Taipei. The Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan is supported by some politicians and jurists to this day, such as the
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allotted land was taken away and it was discovered that the aboriginal population was bigger than the estimated 80,000. The allotted land was reduced but they were not adhered to anyways. In 1930, the government relocated aborigines to the foothills. They were given less than half the originally promised land, or one-eighth of their ancestral lands.
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warships transported civilians to Taiwan. By 1711, illegal migrants amounted to tens of thousands yearly. Individuals such as Lin Qianguang, a native of Fujian Province, entered Taiwan. He held office in Taiwan from 1687 to 1691 but lived in Taiwan for several years beforehand. He wrote one of the first accounts of aboriginal life in Taiwan in 1685.
3707:. Between the Japanese surrender of Taiwan in 1945 and April 25, 1946, the Republic of China forces repatriated 90% of the Japanese living in Taiwan to Japan. During the immediate postwar period, the Kuomintang (KMT) administration on Taiwan was repressive and corrupt compared to the preceding Japanese rule, leading to local discontent. Anti-
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Japanese to a conversational level. A name-changing campaign was launched in 1940 to replace Chinese names with Japanese ones. Seven percent of the Taiwanese had done so by the end of the war. Characteristics of Taiwanese culture considered "un-Japanese" or undesirable were banned or discouraged. The Taiwanese were encouraged to pray at
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and paid village chiefs monthly allowances. Not all the aborigines were under effective control and land reclamation in eastern Taiwan occurred at a slow pace. From 1884 to 1891, Liu launched more than 40 military campaigns against the aborigines with 17,500 soldiers. A third of the invasion force was killed or disabled in the conflict.
1541:. The remaining Zheng forces fled southward and completely evacuated from the mainland coast in the spring of 1664. Qing-Dutch forces attempted to invade Taiwan twice in December 1664 and again in 1666 but were impacted by adverse weather. The Dutch continued to attack Zheng ships occasionally but were unable to take back the island.
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small minority brought Chinese plants with them and grew crops such as apples, oranges, bananas, watermelons. Some estimates of the Chinese population put it at 2,000 over two villages, one of which would become Tainan. There was also a significant population of Chinese living in an aboriginal village where the villagers spoke a
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control was mainly limited to the western plain of the island, the Dutch systems were adopted by succeeding occupiers. The Dutch originally sought to use their castle Zeelandia at Tayowan as a trading base between Japan and China, but soon realized the potential of the huge deer populations that roamed Taiwan's western regions.
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began protesting the residency tax, that the Dutch harassed them for pay. The Dutch thought the Chinese were exploiting the natives by selling at high prices. The sale of rights to trade with aborigines was not just a way to raise profits but to keep track of the Chinese and prevent them from mingling with the natives.
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3101:. He saw Taiwanese people as Japanese nationals of Han Chinese ethnicity and wished to position the TCA as an intermediary between China and Japan. The TCA also aimed to establish independence for Taiwan. Statements of self determination were possible at the time due to the relatively progressive era of
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p5. "The United States position on the status of Taiwan is, as stated by the late Secretary of State Dulles in a press conference held on December 1, 1954, "that technical sovereignty over Formosa and the Pescadores has never been settled" and that "the future title is not determined by the Japanese
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system. Aboriginal women served Japanese military personnel in the mountainous region of Taiwan. They were first recruited as housecleaning and laundry workers for soldiers, then they were coerced into providing sex. They were gang-raped and served as comfort women in the evening hours. Han Taiwanese
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Taiwan's real GDP per capita peaked in 1942 at $ 1,522 and declined to $ 693 by 1944. Wartime bombing caused significant damage to cities and harbors. The railways and factories were either badly damaged or destroyed. Only 40 percent of the railroads were usable and over 200 factories were bombed. Of
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Under the colonial government, Taiwan was introduced to a unified system of weights and measures, a centralized bank, education facilities to increase skilled labor, farmers' associations, and other institutions. Transportation and communications systems as well as facilities for travel between Japan
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As part of the policies, Chinese language in newspapers and education were removed. China and Taiwan's history were erased from the curriculum. Chinese language use was discouraged. However even some members of model "national language" families from well-educated Taiwanese households failed to learn
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The gentry was urged to promote the "new learning" and those invested in the Chinese education style were resentful of the proposal. Younger Taiwanese started participating in community affairs in the 1910s. Many were concerned about obtaining modern educational facilities and the discrimination they
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Electric lighting, modern weaponry, a railway, cable and telegraph lines, a local steamship service, and industrial machinery were introduced to Taiwan. A telegraph line from Tainan to Tamsui was constructed in 1886–88 and a railway connecting Keelung, Taipei, and Hsinchu was built. These efforts met
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In 1787, a Chinese settler named Wu Sha tried to colonize Gamalan but was defeated. The next year, the Taiwan prefect, Yang Tingli, was convinced to support Wu Sha. Yang recommended colonization of Gamalan to the Fujian governor but the governor refused. In 1797, a new Tamsui sub-prefect supported Wu
1830:
Migrant families were allowed to enter Taiwan legally for a period between 1732 and 1740. In 1739, opposition to family migrations claimed that vagrants and undesirables were taking advantage of the system. Families were barred again from 1740 to 1746. In 1760, family crossings to Taiwan became legal
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Shi Lang was instructed to arrange a peace mission to Taiwan but he did not believe Zheng Jing would accept the terms. He warned that if the Zhengs built up their strength, they would pose a serious danger. Shi detailed his plans to invade Taiwan; he argued that securing Taiwan would render garrisons
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In 1625, Batavia ordered the governor of Taiwan to prevent the Japanese from trading because they paid more for silk. The Dutch also restricted Japanese trade with the Ming dynasty. The loss of Japanese trade made trade in Taiwan far less profitable. After 1635, the shogun forbade Japanese from going
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But in the view of our State Department, no agreement has 'purported to transfer the sovereignty of Formosa to (the Republic of) China. At the present time, we accept the exercise of Chinese authority over Formosa, and recognize the Government of the Republic of China (the Nationalist Government) as
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p8. "the principles of prescription and occupation that may justify the ROC's claim to Taiwan certainly are not applicable to the PRC because the application of these two principles to the Taiwan situation presupposes the validity of the two peace treaties by which Japan renounce its claim to Taiwan
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is that Japan did not in the Treaty of Taipei express that Taiwan and Penghu belong to the ROC, that the Treaty of Taipei could not make any disposition which is in violation of Japan's renouncing Taiwan and Penghu in the San Francisco Peace Treaty, and that the status of Taiwan and Penghu remain to
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on April 28, 1952, which some consider to be legal support for the ROC's claim to Taiwan as "de jure" territory. The treaty states that all treaties, conventions, and agreements between China and Japan prior to 9 December 1941 were null and void. This is supported by Japanese court decisions such as
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A system of elementary common schools taught Japanese language and culture, Classical Chinese, Confucian ethics, and practical subjects like science. The emphasis was on Japanese language and ethics while Classical Chinese was included to mollify upper-class Taiwanese parents. These schools served a
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of 1915. The Beipu uprising occurred on 14 November 1907 when a group of Hakka insurgents killed 57 Japanese officers and members of their family. In response, 100 Hakka men and boys were killed in the village of Neidaping. Luo Fuxing was an overseas Taiwanese Hakka involved with the Tongmenghui. He
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before escaping as Japanese forces closed in. Between 200,000 and 300,000 people fled Taiwan in 1895. Chinese residents in Taiwan were given the option of selling their property and leaving by May 1897, or become Japanese citizens. From 1895 to 1897, an estimated 6,400 people sold their property and
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led the main force, 3,600 strong, aboard four warships. They invaded indigenous territory in southern Taiwan. On 3 June, they burnt all the villages that had been occupied. On 1 July, the new leader of the Mudan tribe and the chief of Kuskus surrendered. The Japanese settled in and established large
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villages remained stable throughout the Qianlong period. Two aboriginal affairs sub-prefects were appointed to manage aboriginal affairs in 1766. One in charge of the north and the other in charge of the south. Boundaries were built to keep the mountain aborigines out of settlement areas. The policy
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were aborigines who paid taxes and had adopted Han Chinese culture. When the Qing annexed Taiwan, there were 46 aboriginal villages under government control, likely inherited from the Zheng regime. In the Yongzheng period, 108 aboriginal villages submitted as a result of enticement from the regional
1800:
The first recorded regulation on the permit system was made in 1712 but it probably existed as early as 1684. Its purpose was to reduce population pressure on Taiwan. The government believed that Taiwan was unable to support a larger population before leading to conflict. Regulations banned migrants
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Shi opposed abandoning Taiwan, arguing that this would leave it open to other enemies. He assured that defending Taiwan would only take 10,000 men and reduce garrison forces on the coast. Shi convinced all the attendees at the Fujian conference, with the exception of Subai, that it was in their best
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Zheng dispatched teachers to aboriginal tribes to provide them with supplies and teach them more advanced farming techniques. Schools were set up to teach the aboriginal people the Chinese language and those who refused were punished. The expansion of Chinese settlements often came at the expense of
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were established, however oversight of all affairs was given to military leaders. Zheng's family and officers remained at the top of the administration. They enacted programs of agricultural and infrastructural development. By 1666, grain harvests were more than capable of sustaining the population.
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in 1674. After Geng and other rebels surrendered to the Qing in 1676 and 1677, the tide turned against the Zheng forces. Quanzhou was lost to the Qing on 12 March 1677 and then Zhangzhou and Haicheng on 5 April. Zheng forces counterattacked and retook Haicheng in August. Zheng naval forces blockaded
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The VOC encouraged Chinese migration to Taiwan and provided a military and administrative structure for Chinese immigration. It advertised to the Chinese a number of economic benefits and even paid them to move to Taiwan. Thousands of Chinese, mostly young single men, became rice and sugar planters.
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When a Portuguese ship sailed past southwestern Taiwan in 1596, several of its crew members who had been shipwrecked there in 1582 noticed that the land had become cultivated, presumably by settlers from Fujian. When the Dutch arrived in 1623, they found about 1,500 Chinese visitors and residents. A
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The legal position is different, as I think I pointed out in my last press conference, by virtue of the fact that technical sovereignty over Formosa and the Pescadores has never been settled. That is because the Japanese peace treaty merely involves a renunciation by Japan of its right and title to
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acculturated aborigine villages never rebelled and over 200 non-acculturated aboriginal villages submitted. During the 200 years of Qing rule in Taiwan, the plains aborigines rarely rebelled against the government and the mountain aborigines were left to their own devices until the last 20 years of
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In 1723, aborigines along the central coastal plain rebelled. Troops from southern Taiwan were sent to put down this revolt, but in their absence, Han settlers in Fengshan County rose up in revolt. By 1732, five different ethnic groups were in revolt but the rebellion was defeated by the end of the
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A Taiwan Pacification and Reclamation Head Office was established. By 1887, roughly 90,000 aborigines had formally submitted to Qing rule. This number increased to 148,479 aborigines over the following years. However the cost of getting them to submit was exorbitant. The Qing offered them materials
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was built up as a temporary capital and then became the permanent capital in 1893. Liu's efforts to increase revenues were mixed due to foreign pressure to reduce levies. A cadastral reform survey was undertaken from June 1886 to January 1890 that met with opposition in the south. The receipts from
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From 1661 to 1796, the Qing restricted expansion of territory in Taiwan. Taiwan was garrisoned with 8,000 soldiers at key ports and civil administration was kept to a minimum. Three prefectures nominally covered the entire western plains but effective administration covered a smaller area. A permit
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After Zheng Jing was ejected from the mainland, the Qing tried to settle the conflict through negotiation. In 1669 the Qing offered Zheng significant autonomy in Taiwan if they shaved their heads in the Manchu style. Zheng Jing declined and insisted on a relationship with the Qing similar to Korea.
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The Chinese were allowed to own property in a limited area. The Dutch attempted to prevent the Chinese from mingling with the natives. The natives traded meat and hides for salt, iron, and clothing from Chinese traders. In 1634 the Dutch ordered the Chinese to sell deerskins to only the company. By
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In 1625, the company started advertising Provintia as a site of settlement. The next year the town caught fire and both the Chinese and company personnel left. In 1629, the natives of Mattau and Soulang attacked Sakam and chased away the inhabitants of Provintia. In 1632, the company encouraged the
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According to Salvador Diaz, initially there were only 320 Dutch soldiers and they were "short, miserable, and very dirty." Dutch ships wrecked at Liuqiu in 1624 and 1631; their crews were killed by the inhabitants. In 1633, an expedition consisting of 250 Dutch soldiers, 40 Chinese pirates, and 250
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Initially Chinese merchants arrived in northern Taiwan and sold iron and textiles to the aboriginal peoples in return for coal, sulfur, gold, and venison. Later the southwest became the primary destination for its mullet fish. Some fishing junks camped on Taiwan's shores and many began trading with
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topic. The Memorial Foundation of 228 was established to provide compensation for the victims of the crackdown. From 1995 to 2006, the foundation approved compensation in 2,264 cases. Being controlled by the Republic of China, Taiwan inherited the international pronouncement of the ROC government
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languages. Police officers who passed language examinations received allowances and promotions. By the late 1930s, Japanese people made up about 5.4 percent of Taiwan's population but owned a disproportionate amount of high quality land (20–25 percent of cultivated land) as well as the majority of
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Japanese commoners started arriving in Taiwan in April 1896. Japanese migrants were encouraged to move to Taiwan but few did during the colony's early years. Concern that Japanese children born in Taiwan would not be able to understand Japan resulted in primary schools conducting trips to Japan in
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briefly led a Taiwan assimilation movement as a response to appeals from influential Taiwanese spokesmen. In December 1914, Itagaki formally inaugurated the Taiwan Dōkakai, an assimilation society. Within a week, over 3,000 Taiwanese and 45 Japanese residents joined the society. After Itagaki left
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By the start of 1684, a year after the end of Zheng rule, areas under cultivation in Taiwan had tripled in size since the end of the Dutch era in 1660. Zheng merchant fleets continued to operate between Japan and Southeast Asian countries, reaping profits as a center of trade. They extracted a tax
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became pirate chief in 1625 and pillaged under the Dutch flag, selling them the spoils. Chinese officials asked the Dutch for help against Zheng in return for trading rights. The Dutch failed and Zheng attacked the city of Xiamen. In 1628, Chinese authorities awarded him with an official title and
1127:
The Europeans worked with and also fought against Chinese pirates. The pirate Li Dan mediated between Ming Chinese forces and the Dutch at Penghu. Chinese fishermen paid 10 percent of their catch to the pirates for a document guaranteeing their safety. The VOC also entered the protection business;
802:
abruptly appeared and quickly spread around the coast. Their sites are characterised by corded-ware pottery, polished stone adzes and slate points. The inhabitants cultivated rice and millet, but were also heavily reliant on marine shells and fish. Most scholars believe this culture is not derived
3206:
In 1922, an integrated school system was introduced opening common and primary schools to both Taiwanese and Japanese based on Japanese language proficiency. Few Taiwanese children could speak fluent Japanese and only the children of wealthy Taiwanese families with close ties to Japanese settlers
2329:
In 1806 a pirate, Cai Qian, was within the vicinity of Gamalan. Taiwan Prefect Yang argued that abandoning Gamalan would cause trouble on the frontier. Later another pirate band tried to occupy Gamalan. Yang recommended establishing administration and land surveys in Gamalan. In 1809, the emperor
1704:
Shi's fleet of 238 ships and over 21,000 men set sail on 8 July 1683.The next day, Shi's fleet approached small islands to the northwest of Penghu. The Qing forces were met by 200 Zheng ships. Following an exchange of gunfire, the Qing were forced to retreat with Zheng forces in pursuit. The Qing
1536:
enacted a sea-ban to starve out the Zheng forces. In 1663, the writer Xia Lin testified that the Zhengs were short on supplies and the people suffered tremendous hardship. The Dutch attacked Zheng ships in Xiamen but failed to take the town. The Dutch assisted the Qing in combat against the Zheng
1345:
In the late 1630s, Batavia started pressuring the authority in Taiwan to increase revenues. The Dutch started collecting voluntary donations from the Chinese. In addition to a 10 percent tax on numerous products and real estate sales, they also implemented a residency-permit tax. Chinese settlers
1304:
The Dutch levied a tax on all imports and exports. A tax was also levied on every non-Dutch person above the age of six. This poll tax was highly unpopular and the cause the major insurrections in 1640 and 1652. A tax was imposed on hunting through licenses for pit-traps and snaring. Although its
1276:
The Dutch estimated in 1650 that there were around 50,000 natives in the western plains region; the Dutch Formosa ruled around "315 tribal villages with a total population of around 68,600, estimated 40–50% of the entire indigenes of the island". The Dutch tried to convince the natives to give up
1272:
In 1635, 475 soldiers from Batavia arrived in Taiwan. By this point even Sinkan was on bad terms with the Dutch. Soldiers were sent into the village and arrested those who plotted rebellion. In the winter of 1635 the Dutch defeated Mattau and Baccluan. In 1636, a large expedition was sent against
1263:
for Dutch and Chinese merchants. Initially the other villages maintained peace with the Dutch. In 1625, the Dutch attacked 170 Chinese pirates in Wankan but were driven off. Encouraged by the Dutch failure, Mattau warriors raided Sinkan. The Dutch returned and drove off the pirates. The people of
3329:
attacked police stations and the Musha Public School. Approximately 350 students, 134 Japanese, and 2 Han Chinese were killed. The armed conflict ended in December when the Seediq leaders committed suicide. According to a 1933-year book, wounded people in the war against the aboriginals numbered
3300:
Initially the Japanese spent most of their time fighting Chinese insurgents and the government took on a more conciliatory approach towards aborigines. In 1903, the government implemented harsher policies. It expanded guard lines to restrict the aborigines' living space. Sakuma Samata launched a
3112:
which was published in Tokyo and then shipped to Taiwan. It was subjected to censorship and seven or eight issues were banned. Chiang and others applied to set up a parliament for Taiwan that was deemed illegal. In 1923, 99 Alliance members were arrested and 18 were tried in court. Thirteen were
2662:
pointing out "China's benign rule over Taiwan and the strategic and commercial importance of the island." He suggested that Taiwan could be occupied with only a warship and less than 1,500 troops, and the English would be able to spread Christianity among the natives as well as develop trade. In
2423:
By the end of the Qing period, the western plains were developed farmland areas with about 2.5 million Chinese inhabitants. The mountainous areas were still largely autonomous and aboriginal land loss occurred at a relatively slow pace. However, by the last years of Qing rule, most of the plains
1341:
In 1636, Favorolang, the largest aboriginal village north of Mattau, killed three Chinese and wounded several others. From August to November, Favrolangers appeared near Fort Zeelandia and captured a Chinese fishing vessel. The next year the Dutch and their native allies defeated Favorolang. The
4539:
Soares, Pedro A.; Trejaut, Jean A.; Rito, Teresa; Cavadas, Bruno; Hill, Catherine; Eng, Ken Khong; Mormina, Maru; Brandão, Andreia; Fraser, Ross M.; Wang, Tse-Yi; Loo, Jun-Hun; Snell, Christopher; Ko, Tsang-Ming; Amorim, António; Pala, Maria; Macaulay, Vincent; Bulbeck, David; Wilson, James F.;
3625:
in 1955, who said there was a difference of opinion on which Chinese authority to hand it over to. In 1954 and 1960, the United States denied that the issue of sovereignty over Taiwan and the Penghu islands had been settled, although it accepted that they were under ROC control, the exercise of
2784:
on 28 March. Penghu surrendered on 31 March but many of the French soon grew ill and 1,100 soldiers and later 600 more were debilitated. An agreement was reached on 15 April 1885 and an end to hostilities was announced. The French evacuation from Keelung was completed on 21 June 1885 and Penghu
1407:
In the spring of 1655 no silk junks arrived in Taiwan. Some company officials suspected that this was a plan by Chenggong to harm them. In 1655, the governor of Taiwan received a letter from Chenggong referring to the Chinese in Taiwan as his subjects. He commanded them to stop trading with the
8806:... That Taiwan's status is still undetermined is a peculiar argument to forestall PRC's claim over Taiwan. However, it is also an insignificant one, since the ROC can still ascertain its control over Taiwan through the principle of effective control and occupation (for a long period of time)."
3304:
A small portion of land was set aside for aboriginal use. From 1919 to 1934, aborigines were relocated to out of the way areas. A small compensation for land use was initially given out but discontinued later on. In 1928, each aborigine was allotted three hectares of reserve land. Some of the
2775:
failed. The French shelled Tamsui, destroying not only the forts but also foreign buildings. Some 800 French troops landed on Shalin beach near Tamsui but they were repelled by Chinese forces. The French imposed a blockade Taiwan from 23 October 1884 until April 1885 but the execution was not
2715:
captured and killed them. Two rescue attempts failed. Le Gendre, the US Consul, demanded that the Qing send troops to help him negotiate with the aborigines. On 10 September, Garrison Commander Liu Mingcheng led 500 Qing troops to southern Taiwan with Le Gendre. The aboriginal chief, Tanketok
2488:
leader Lin Junying from the south also joined the rebellion. In March 1720, Zhu and Lin attacked Taiwan County. In less than two weeks, the rebels had defeated Qing forces across Taiwan. The Hakka troops left Zhu to follow Lin north. The Qing sent a fleet under the command of Shi Shibian; the
1804:
Over the 18th century, regulations on migration remained largely consistent. Early regulations focused on the character of permit receivers while later regulations reiterated measures such as patrolling and punishment. The only changes were to the status of families. Families were barred from
1796:
The Qing initially forbade mainlanders from moving to Taiwan and sent most of the people back to the mainland, after which the official population of Taiwan was only 50,000. Manpower shortage compelled local officials to solicit migrants from the mainland despite restrictions. Sometimes even
1268:
visited Sinkan with 60 musketeers. After Nuyts left, the musketeers were killed in an ambush by Mattau and Soulang warriors. On 23 November 1629, an expedition set out and burned most of Baccluan, killing many of its people, who the Dutch believed harbored proponents of the previous massacre.
3296:
declared all unreclaimed and forest land in Taiwan as government property, forbidding any new use of forest land. The Japanese authority denied aboriginal rights to their property and land. Han and acculturated aborigines were forbidden from any contractual relationships with aborigines. The
3162:
Japanese colonial policy sought to strictly segregate the Japanese and Taiwanese population until 1922. Taiwanese students who moved to Japan for their studies were able to associate more freely with Japanese and took to Japanese ways more readily than their island counterparts. However full
1753:
Shi Lang remained in Taiwan for 98 days before returning to Fujian on 29 December 1683. In Fujian, some officials from the central government advocated for transporting all of Taiwan's inhabitants to the mainland and abandoning the island. One argued that defending Taiwan was impossible and
996:
the indigenous people for deer products. The southwestern Taiwanese trade was of minor importance until after 1567 when it was used as a way to circumvent the ban on Sino-Japanese trade. The Chinese bought deerskins from the aborigines and sold them to the Japanese for a large profit.
1709:. On 16 July, reinforcements arrived. Shi divided the main striking force into eight squadrons of seven ships with himself leading from the middle. Two flotillas of 50 small ships sailed in different directions as a diversion. The remaining vessels served as rear reinforcements.
2735:, sent a reward to Chinese officials in Fuzhou for the return of the 12 survivors. The Mudan incident did not immediately cause any concern in Japan; it was not until April 1874 that it became an international concern. The Imperial Japanese Army started urging the government to
1915:
in 1786, Qianlong agreed that leaving fertile lands to unproductive aborigines only attracted illegal settlers. The Qing did little to administer the aborigines and rarely tried to impose control over them. Aborigines were classified into two categories: acculturated aborigines
4057:
changed Taiwanese public perceptions of the Chinese threat and what could be done to counter it. The invasion led to a quickening of Taiwan's post-authoritarian military reform, new weapons acquisitions, and significantly higher military spending, as well as public and private
3359:, who was in charge of Taiwan, removed Japanese bureaucrats and police officers from their posts. A survey found that 180,000 Japanese civilians wished to leave for Japan while 140,000 wished to stay. From February to May, the vast majority of Japanese left Taiwan for Japan.
1411:
Chinese merchants in aboriginal villages ran out of goods to trade for aboriginal products. Chinese farmers also suffered due to the exodus of Chinese. By the end of 1656, Chinese farmers were asking for relief from debts and many could barely find food for themselves.
3499:. As the war turned against Japan in 1943, Taiwan suffered due to Allied submarine attacks on Japanese shipping. In the latter part of 1944, Taiwan was bombed in U.S. air raids. An estimated 16,000–30,000 civilians were killed. By 1945, Taiwan was isolated from Japan.
3037:, was arrested and executed along with 200 others in 1913. In June 1896, 6,000 Taiwanese were slaughtered in the Yunlin Massacre. From 1898 to 1902, some 12,000 "bandit-rebels" were killed in addition to the 6,000–14,000 killed in the initial resistance war of 1895.
10465:
Hill, Catherine; Soares, Pedro; Mormina, Maru; Macaulay, Vincent; Clarke, Dougie; Blumbach, Petya B.; Vizuete-Forster, Matthieu; Forster, Peter; Bulbeck, David; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Richards, Martin (2007), "A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia",
3403:
3383:
connecting the south and the north and the Kīrun and Takao ports were completed to facilitate transport and shipping of raw material and agricultural products. Exports increased fourfold. Fifty-five percent of agricultural land was covered by dam-supported
2657:
decided it no longer wanted to trade with the Chinese on their terms and planned more aggressive measures. Given the strategic and commercial value of Taiwan, there were British suggestions in 1840 and 1841 to seize the island. William Huttman wrote to
2779:
In late January 1885, Chinese forces suffered a serious defeat around Keelung. Although the French captured Keelung they were unable to move beyond its perimeters. In March the French tried to take Tamsui again and failed. At sea, the French bombarded
8431:, decided by the Tokyo High Court on December 24, 1956, it was stated that 'Formosa and the Pescadores came to belong to the Republic of China, at any rate on August 5, 1952, when the Treaty between Japan and the Republic of China came into force…'"
3770:
as a temporary one; Chiang Kai-shek said, "Prepare for one year, counter-attack in two years, sweep out the enemy in three years and succeed within five years." This led them to prioritize military armament and preparation over economic development.
2958:
and partisan attacks continued until 1902. For the first two years the colonial authority relied mainly on military force. On 20 May, Qing officials were ordered to leave their posts. General mayhem and destruction ensued in the following months.
11809:
8720:
peace treaty, nor is it determined by the peace treaty which was concluded between the Republic of China and Japan. On the other hand, the United States also recognizes that the Republic of China "effectively controls" Taiwan and the Pescadores."
1899:(r. 1722–1735), the Qing extended control over the entire western plains to better control settlers and maintain security. This was not an active colonization policy but a reflection of continued illegal crossings and land reclamation. After the
1128:
this was one of the first taxes levied on the colony. In July 1626, the Council of Formosa ordered all Chinese living or trading in Taiwan to obtain a residence permit. This eventually became a head tax and major source of income for the Dutch.
8835:
The United States has its own "one China" policy (vs. the PRC's "one China" principle) and position on Taiwan's status. Not recognizing the PRC's claim over Taiwan nor Taiwan as a sovereign state, U.S. policy has considered Taiwan's status as
4526:
The Liangdao Man skeletal remains were discovered on the Liang Island of the Matsu archipelago in December 2011 and transported to the Matsu Folklore Museum. Matsu is located on the Min River estuary, 24 km from Fujian and 180 km northwest of
3308:
Aboriginal resistance lasted until the early 1930s. By 1903, indigenous rebellions had resulted in the deaths of 1,900 Japanese. In 1911, an army invaded Taiwan's mountainous areas and by 1915, many aboriginal villages had been destroyed. The
3211:. In 1943, primary education became compulsory, and by the next year nearly three out of four children were enrolled in primary school. By 1922, around 2,000 Taiwanese students were enrolled in metropolitan Japan, increasing to 7,000 by 1942.
1903:
uprising in 1721, Lan Dingyuan, an advisor to Lan Tingzhen, who led forces against the rebellion, advocated for land reclamation to strengthen government control over Chinese settlers and to incorporate aboriginals under their administration.
3616:
that had as one of its main clauses the restoration of territories taken from the Chinese by Japan to the Republic of China (Manchuria, Formosa, Pescadores), was not a binding declaration. The Cairo Declaration was considered outdated by
3006:
to Keelung to invite the advancing Japanese forces to proceed to Taipei and restore order. The Republic, established on 25 May, disappeared 12 days later when its leaders left for the mainland. Liu Yongfu formed a temporary government in
3997:. In the end, the government agreed to put on hold the ratification of an agreement with China which they had pushed through without proper debate. This event had far reaching consequences, and changed the mood of the electorate. In the
8506:
From the legal standpoint, Taiwan is not part of the Republic of China. Pending a Japanese peace treaty, the island remains occupied territory......neither the US, or any other power, has formally recognized the annexation by China of
1705:
vanguard led by Lan Li provided cover fire for a withdrawal. The Zheng side also suffered heavy losses, making Liu reluctant to pursue the disarrayed Qing forces. On 11 July, Shi regrouped his squadrons and requested reinforcements at
2513:
2290:
1801:
from bringing their families. To prevent undesirables from entering Taiwan, the government recommended only allowing those who had property or relatives in Taiwan to enter Taiwan. A regulation to this effect was implemented in 1730.
3865:, Chiang Ching-kuo recognized that gaining foreign support to secure the ROC's future security required reform. His administration saw a gradual loosening of political controls, a transition towards democracy, and moves toward the
2688:
also shipwrecked in March 1842. The commanders of Taiwan, Dahonga and Yao Ying, filed a disingenuous report to the emperor, claiming to have defended against an attack from the Keelung fort. Most of the survivors—over 130 from the
1216:
with a larger and better equipped force succeeded in capturing the forts. The Spanish as well as Filipinos plus Hispanic-Americans, who had manned the fortresses, dispersed to live with the natives or retreated to the Philippines.
3174:
movement was generally unsuccessful and few Taiwanese became "true Japanese" due to the short time period and large population. In terms of acculturation under controlled circumstances, it can be considered relatively effective.
1338:
1636, Chinese hunters were entering previously native lands cleared by the Dutch. Commercial hunters replaced the natives and by 1638 the future of the deer population was in question. Restrictions on hunting were implemented.
1641:. He had a falling out with Chenggong. After escaping imprisonment by Chenggong, Shi Lang defected to the Qing dynasty and participated in a successful assault on a Zheng stronghold. In 1658, Shi was made Deputy Commander of
3506:, initially in noncombatant positions. Taiwanese people were not recruited for combat until late in the war. In 1942, the Special Volunteer System was implemented, allowing even aborigines to be recruited as part of the
3207:
were allowed to study alongside Japanese children. The number of Taiwanese at formerly Japanese-only elementary schools was limited to 10 percent. Some Taiwanese sought secondary education and opportunities in Japan and
3914:, President Chen was re-elected to a second four-year term after an assassination attempt which occurred the day before the election. Police investigators have said that the most likely suspect is believed to have been
1135:
imperial rank. Zheng became the "Patrolling Admiral" responsible for clearing the coast of pirates, and eliminated his competitors. In the summer of 1633, a Dutch fleet and the pirate Liu Xiang carried out a successful
3392:
production increased 15-fold between 1895 and 1925. Taiwan became a major foodbasket serving Japan's economy. A health care system was established. The average lifespan for a Taiwanese resident was 60 years by 1945.
3105:. "Taiwan is Taiwan people's Taiwan" became a common position for all anti-Japanese groups. In December 1920, Lin Hsien-tang and 178 Taiwanese residents filed a petition seeking self-determination. It was rejected.
2683:
survivors, but after Captain Joseph Pearse found out that they were sent south for imprisonment, he ordered the bombardment of the harbour and destroyed 27 sets of cannon before returning to Hong Kong. The brig
3065:
lured out anti-Japanese militants with a pardon. They were told to line up in a field, dig holes, and were then executed by firearm. According to oral tradition, some 5,000–6,000 people died in this incident.
4005:, of the DPP won with 56% of the vote, and the opposition DPP was catapulted into an outright majority in the parliament. The election marked the first time a non-KMT party won a majority in the legislature.
3937:. The reception of this proposed policy in Taiwanese general public was unclear. It, however, was met with a cold reception by both the PRC and the United States. The PRC Foreign Minister emphasised that the
1277:
hunting and adopt sedentary farming but their efforts were unsuccessful. The VOC administered the island and its predominantly aboriginal population until 1662. They set up a tax system and schools to teach
972:. The people of Fujian sailed closer to Taiwan in the mid-16th century to trade with Japan while evading Ming authorities. Chinese who traded in Southeast Asia also began taking an East Sea Compass Course (
6343:
2767:'s harbor and destroyed the gun placements. The next day, the French attempted to take Keelung but failed to defeat the larger Chinese force led by Liu Mingchuan and were forced to withdraw. On 1 October,
1437:
with a fleet carrying around 25,000 soldiers and sailors. The fleet arrived at Tayouan on 2 April. Zheng's forces routed 240 Dutch soldiers at Baxemboy Island in the Bay of Taiwan and landed at the bay of
952:
in 1292 to demand its loyalty, but the officials ended up in Taiwan and mistook it for Ryukyu. After three soldiers were killed, the delegation immediately retreated. Another expedition was sent in 1297.
3873:
was established as the first opposition party in 1986, President Chiang decided against dissolving the group or persecuting its leaders. Its candidates officially ran in elections as independents in the
2314:
Qing quarantine policies were maintained in the early 19th century but attitudes towards aboriginal territory shifted. Local officials repeatedly advocated for colonization, especially in the cases of
8468:
p4. "On October 25, 1945, the government of the Republic of China took over Taiwan and the P'eng-hu Islands from the Japanese and on the next day announced that Taiwan had become a province of China."
3925:, which in substance states that Taiwan wants independence; Taiwan wants the rectification of its name; Taiwan wants a new constitution; Taiwan wants development; and Taiwanese politics is without
3022:
villagers broke out in the south. A series of attacks led by "local bandits" or "rebels" lasted throughout the next seven years. After 1897, uprisings by Chinese nationalists were commonplace.
1442:. Three Dutch ships attacked the Chinese junks and destroyed several until their main warship exploded. The remaining ships were unable to keep Zheng from controlling the waters around Taiwan.
3288:
were both treated as Taiwanese by the Japanese. Below them were the semi-acculturated and non-acculturated "barbarians" outside normal administrative units and Japanese law. According to the
1682:
recommended Shi Lang to be the coordinator of the invasion force. Shi was reappointed as naval chief of Fujian on 10 September 1681. Shi's plan was to take Penghu first. The Governor-general
4589:
Matsumura, Hirofumi; Xie, Guangmao; Nguyen, Lan Cuong; Hanihara, Tsunehiko; Li, Zhen; Nguyen6, Khanh Trung Kien; Ho, Xuan Tinh; Nguyen, Thi Nga; Huang, Shih‑Chiang; Hung, Hsiao‑chun (2021).
3472:
1313:
50:
9917:
Paths of Origins: The Austronesian Heritage in the Collections of the National Museum of the Philippines, the Museum Nasional Indonesia, and the Netherlands Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde
8376:
From the legal standpoint, Taiwan is not part of the Republic of China. Pending a Japanese peace treaty, the island remains occupied territory in which the US has proprietary interests.
3621:
in 1952, who denied that Taiwan was under Chinese sovereignty or that the Chinese Nationalists represented China and that they only occupied Taiwan militarily. It was not recognized by
3592:. On 26 October, the government of the Republic of China declared that Taiwan had become a province of China, however the Allied Powers did not recognize this unilateral declaration.
1212:
manned by a small Spanish-Kampanpagan-Cagayano force but abandoned the attempt when the commander realised they had insufficient cannon to mount a successful siege. In August 1642, a
12233:
1940:
The Qianlong administration forbade enticing aborigines to submit due to fear of conflict. In the early Qianlong period, there were 299 named aboriginal villages. Records show 93
8423:
p7. "In any case, there appears to be strong legal ground to support the view that since the entry into force of the 1952 ROC-Japan bilateral peace treaty, Taiwan has become the
2943:
10329:
The Island of Formosa, Past and Present: History, people, resources, and commercial prospects: Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions
1805:
entering Taiwan to ensure that migrants would return to their families. The overwhelmingly male migrants had few prospects and thus married locally, resulting in the idiom "has
3975:, the Supreme Prosecutor's Office announced that they were launching an inquiry into corruption charges regarding Chen. Later in 2008, members of his administration, including
3743:. When the Communists gained complete control of mainland China in 1949, two million refugees, predominantly from the Nationalist government, military, and business community,
1758:
interests to annex Taiwan. On 6 March 1684, Kangxi accepted Shi's proposal to set up permanent military establishments in Penghu and Taiwan and authorized the establishment of
1201:) in 1629 but abandoned it by 1638 due to conflicts with the local population. The small colony was plagued by disease, faced hostile locals, and received little support from
3330:
around 4,160, with 4,422 civilians dead and 2,660 military personnel killed. After the Musha Incident, the government took a more conciliatory stance towards the aborigines.
3108:
The TCA had over 1,000 members of various backgrounds from across Taiwan except in indigenous areas. The TCA promoted vernacular Chinese language. In 1923 the TCA co-founded
4039:
the global leader in high end semiconductor fabrication. The industry became so important that it was seen by many as a "silicon shield" protecting the country from China.
3348:
large land holdings. The government assisted them in acquiring land and coerced Chinese land owners to sell. Japanese sugar companies owned 8.2 percent of the arable land.
2326:
in his colonization efforts despite the ban. Wu's successors were unable to register their land on government registers. Local officials could not officially recognize it.
11579:
Kang, Peter (2003), "A Brief Note on the Possible Factors Contributing to the Large Village Size of the Siraya in the Early Seventeenth Century", in Leonard Blusse (ed.),
3869:
of the regime. Opponents of the Nationalists were no longer forbidden to hold meetings or publish papers. Though opposition political parties were still illegal, when the
8802:
p95. "A minor issue pertains to whether the ROC controls Taiwan. A minority of scholars of scholars and politicians argue that the international status of Taiwan remains
8406:
4016:
resignation as leader of the party. The DPP lost a total of nine legislative seats, giving the KMT control of the majority of the 22 seats. KMT mayoral candidates won in
2424:
aborigines had been acculturated to Han culture, around 20–30% could speak their mother tongues, and they gradually lost their land ownership and rent collection rights.
1690:
and Penghu at the same time. Shi thought the proposal was unrealistic and requested to be put in total control over the entire invasion force. Kangxi denied the request.
8491:
3979:, a former National Security Council secretary-general, and Yeh Sheng-mao, former director-general of the Ministry of Justice's Investigation Bureau, were arrested on
9552:
8573:"台湾の帰属の問題につきましては、御指摘のように、カイロ宣言では、中華民国に返させるというカイロ宣言の当事国の意思の表明がありました。これはポツダム宣言で確認されておりますが、最終的な領有権の問題については、日本の平和条約で、日本から放棄されるだけであって、将来の連合国間の決定にまかされておるというのが連合国の見解でございます。"
1259:
The Dutch allied with Sinkan, a small village that provided them with firewood, venison and fish. In 1625, they bought land from the Sinkanders and built the town of
9396:
1506:
Koxinga died on 23 June 1662. Chinese nationalists in the 20th century invoked Koxinga for his patriotism and political loyalty against Qing and foreign influence.
815:
are now spoken across a huge area, but form only one branch of the Austronesian family, the rest of whose branches are found only on Taiwan. Trade links with the
19:
3577:
3170:
period (1937–45). The reasoning was that only as fully assimilated subjects could Taiwan's inhabitants fully commit to Japan's war and national aspirations. The
737:, dated 450,000 to 190,000 years ago. The oldest evidence of modern human presence on Taiwan consists of fragments and a tooth found at Chouqu and Gangzilin, in
558:(KMT), took control of Taiwan. The legality and nature of its control of Taiwan, including transfer of sovereignty, is debated. In 1949, after losing control of
12299:
3804:
2723:
vessel shipwrecked on the southeastern tip of Taiwan and 54 sailors were killed by aborigines. The shipwreck and murder of the sailors came to be known as the
964:
By the early 16th century, increasing numbers of Chinese fishermen, traders and pirates were visiting the southwestern part of the island. Some merchants from
8785:
1006:
pirates. The pirates were defeated and they met a native chieftain who presented them with gifts. Chen recorded these events in an account of Taiwan known as
11130:
2322:
in northeastern Taiwan. The Kavalan people had started paying taxes as early as the Kangxi period (r. 1661–1722), but they were non-acculturated aborigines.
9351:
3604:
in 1956 stating that Taiwan and the Penghu islands came to belong to the ROC on the date the Treaty of Taipei came into force. The official position of the
3124:
and the only organization advocating Taiwanese independence. The TPP brought forth issues such as Japanese opium trafficking, the inhumane treatment of the
2568:
2554:
7319:
Ching, Leo T. S. (2001). Becoming "Japanese": Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 93–95.
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2971:
2938:
1827:). Marrying aboriginal women was prohibited in 1737 on the grounds that it interfered in aboriginal life and was used as a means to claim aboriginal land.
3751:(P.R.C.) was founded in mainland China by the victorious communists; several months earlier, Chiang Kai-shek had established a provisional ROC capital in
3159:
later that month, leaders of the society were arrested and its Taiwanese members detained or harassed. In January 1915, the Taiwan Dōkakai was disbanded.
2496:
society were arrested for failing to make tax payments. The Tiandihui broke into the jail and rescued their members. When Qing troops were sent to arrest
9638:
9662:
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territory of the ROC. This interpretation of the legal status of Taiwan is confirmed by several Japanese court decisions. For instance, in the case of
3795:
The KMT took control of Taiwan's monopolies, which had been owned by the Japanese before World War II. They nationalized approximately 17% of Taiwan's
2825:
2330:
ordered for Gamalan to be incorporated. An imperial decree for the formal incorporation of Gamalan was issued and a Gamalan sub-prefect was appointed.
1645:
and continued to participate in campaigns against Zheng forces. Shi relayed information about Zheng internal conflict between Chenggong and his son to
1433:
in Taiwan in the hope of establishing a strategic base to marshal his troops to retake his base at Amoy. On 23 March 1661, Zheng's fleet set sail from
745:
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1772:
1607:
were killed. The Chinese population in Taiwan more than doubled under Zheng rule. Zheng disbanded the troops and turned them into military colonies.
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9369:
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Oriental Enlightenment: The Problematic Military Experiences and Cultural Claims of Count Maurice Auguste comte de Benyowsky in Formosa during 1771
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11225:
Wills, John E. Jr. (2006), "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime", in Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.),
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3572:) to the Republic of China. The Cairo Declaration was never signed and is not legally binding. In 1945, Japan surrendered with the signing of the
4648:
4149:
3800:
2857:, the minister of foreign affairs, stipulated that Penghu and Taiwan must be ceded to Japan. These conditions were met during the signing of the
11662:
Matsuda, Kyoko (2003), "Ino Kanori's 'History' of Taiwan: Colonial ethnology, the civilizing mission and struggles for survival in East Asia.",
10630:
9462:
9370:"Taiwan Opposition Party Wins Presidency and Legislative Majority in Historic Elections | U.S.- CHINA | ECONOMIC and SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION"
8767:"William P. Rogers, Attorney General of the United States, Appellant v. Cheng Fu Sheng and Lin Fu Mei, Appellees, 280 F.2d 663 (D.C. Cir. 1960)"
1269:
Baccluan, Mattau, and Soulang people continued to harass company employees until late 1633 when Mattau and Soulang went to war with each other.
12504:
11734:
11636:
11594:
10855:
A century of struggle over Taiwan's cultural self-consciousness: the life and afterlife of Chiang Wei-shui and the Taiwan Cultural Association
9005:
1603:
aboriginal tribes, causing rebellions flared up over the course of Zheng rule. In one campaign, several hundred Shalu tribes people in modern
13506:
8333:
4067:
2816:
12929:
4327:
Chang, Chun-Hsiang; Kaifu, Yousuke; Takai, Masanaru; Kono, Reiko T.; Grün, Rainer; Matsu'ura, Shuji; Kinsley, Les; Lin, Liang-Kong (2015).
3957:
3612:
Some scholars argue that no post-World War II treaties ceded the territories to any specific state. According to Taiwan Civil Society, the
3023:
925:
produced little iron, had no writing system, taxation, or penal code, and was ruled by a king. The natives used stone blades and practiced
595:
3301:
five-year plan for aboriginal management, attacking aborigines and using landmines and electrified fences to force them into submission.
12033:
11547:
11089:
6350:
4486:
Ko, Albert Min-Shan; Chen, Chung-Yu; Fu, Qiaomei; Delfin, Frederick; Li, Mingkun; Chiu, Hung-Lin; Stoneking, Mark; Ko, Ying-Chin (2014).
3953:
3767:
3744:
3630:
2864:
The period of Japanese rule in Taiwan has been divided into three periods under according to policies: military suppression (1895–1915),
567:
282:
10514:
Hsu, Wen-hsiung (1980), "From Aboriginal Island to Chinese Frontier: The Development of Taiwan before 1683", in Knapp, Ronald G. (ed.),
10044:(1999), "Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics", in E. Zeitoun; P.J.K Li (eds.),
4780:
3532:
1595:
and local Fujianese deities to be constructed. An Imperial Academy and Confucian Shrine were established in 1665 and 1666 while regular
933:") referred to the island chain to the northeast of Taiwan, but some scholars believe it may have referred to Taiwan in the Sui period.
12358:
12013:
4085:
for the first time since 2004, meaning 51 seats for the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), 52 seats for the Kuomintang (KMT), and the
3599:, the Japanese formally renounced the territorial sovereignty of Taiwan and Penghu islands. The Republic of China and Japan signed the
1738:
The Qing Empire in 1820, with provinces in yellow, military governorates and protectorates in light yellow, tributary states in orange.
11330:
10534:
988:
from which the name "Taiwan" is derived. By the late 16th century, Chinese from Fujian were settling in southwestern Taiwan. In 1593,
424:
dates back tens of thousands of years to the earliest known evidence of human habitation. The sudden appearance of a culture based on
13180:
8892:[⟨International Law Perspective⟩ Scholar: Taiwan Has Been Occupied by the Government of the Republic of China for 70 Years].
3297:
aborigines could not enjoy property ownership and acculturated aborigines lost their rent holder rights under the new property laws.
1301:
were considered sinful. The Bible was translated into the native languages. This was the first entrance of Christianity into Taiwan.
9990:
The Formosan Encounter: Notes on Formosa's Aboriginal Society – A selection of Documents from Dutch Archival Sources Vol. I & II
4066:
resulted in increased tensions between Taiwan and China while reinforcing US-Taiwan ties. In response to the trip the PLA conducted
3886:
to be his vice president. The move followed other reforms giving more power to native born citizens and calmed anti-KMT sentiments.
2841:
1901 map with red line marking approximate boundary separating territory under actual Japanese administration from "Savage District"
1839:
12681:
12661:
11482:
Hsiau, A-chin (1997), "Language Ideology in Taiwan: The KMT's language policy, the Tai-yü language movement, and ethnic politics",
8744:
3799:
and voided Japanese bond certificates held by Taiwanese investors. These real estate holdings, as well as American aid such as the
1586:
Zheng Jing never relinquished the trappings of a Ming government, enabling him to draw support from Ming loyalists. In Taiwan, the
532:
11473:(2001), "Changing Nationalities, Changing Ethnicities: Taiwan Indigenous Villages in the Years after 1946", in David Faure (ed.),
9909:
8949:
3128:, and revealed the colonial authority's use of poisonous gas. In February 1931, the TPP was terminated. Chiang died on 23 August.
13455:
12686:
12304:
12138:
11914:
10861:
Singh, Gunjan (2010), "Kuomintang, Democratization and the One-China Principle", in Sharma, Anita; Chakrabarti, Sreemati (eds.),
10717:
Morris, Andrew (2002), "The Taiwan Republic of 1895 and the Failure of the Qing Modernizing Project", in Stephane Corcuff (ed.),
8234:
3998:
3483:
in February 1939. A joint planning and logistical center was established in Taiwan to assist Japan's southward advance after the
1396:
and he was bestowed the title Guoxingye (Lord of the Imperial surname). Chenggong continued the resistance against the Qing from
811:. Some of these people later migrated from Taiwan to the islands of Southeast Asia and throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
11843:
9388:
2617:
992:
officials started issuing licenses for Chinese junks to trade in northern Taiwan, acknowledging already existing illegal trade.
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9993:
9943:
8316:
2369:). For six months Japanese soldiers occupied southern Taiwan until the Qinga paid an indemnity in return for their withdrawal.
1250:
242:
5384:
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1445:
On 4 April, Fort Provintia surrendered to Zheng's forces. Following a nine-month siege, Chenggong captured the Dutch fortress
1139:, destroying Zheng's fleet. On 22 October 1633, Zheng forces lured the Dutch fleet and their pirate allies into an ambush and
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10578:
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10313:
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10062:
9890:
9352:"Taiwan's 2012 Presidential and Legislative Elections: Winners, Losers, and Implications - Foreign Policy Research Institute"
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8484:
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abroad and eliminated the Japanese threat to the company. The VOC expanded into previous Japanese markets in Southeast Asia.
976:) that passed southwestern and southern Taiwan. Some of them traded with the Taiwanese aborigines. Taiwan was referred to as
18:
This article is about the history of the island of Taiwan. For the history of the polity which currently governs Taiwan, see
11877:
2954:
The colonial authorities encountered violent opposition in Taiwan. Five months of sustained warfare occurred after the 1895
629:
527:
in 1895. Taiwan experienced industrial growth and became a productive rice- and sugar-exporting Japanese colony. During the
12721:
12439:
12363:
12008:
11168:
van Veen, Ernst (2003). "How the Dutch Ran a Seventeenth-Century Colony: The Occupation and Loss of Formosa 1624–1662". In
10294:
5042:
4078:
4063:
4043:
3650:
1483:
Koxinga renamed Zeelandia to Anping and Provintia to Chikan. On 29 May 1662, Chikan was renamed to "Ming Eastern Capital" (
598:
was held in 1996. During the post-war period, Taiwan experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth known as the "
139:
7485:"The turtle woman's voices: Multilingual strategies of resistance and assimilation in Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule"
3552:
In 1942, after the United States entered the war against Japan and on the side of China, the Chinese government under the
3459:
Protest outside the Japan-Taiwan Exchange Association with banner text: "Comfort women never be forgotten", 14 August 2018
2387:
in northern Taiwan in 1884. The French army withdrew in 1885. Efforts to colonize aboriginal territory were renewed under
13430:
12516:
12316:
12311:
12192:
12170:
12103:
11859:
11743:
4098:
4082:
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President Tsai's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) won majority 61 out of 113 seats. The Kuomintang (KMT) won 38 seats.
4047:
3711:
violence flared on 28 February 1947. During the ensuing crackdown by the KMT administration, in what became known as the
3503:
3432:
3134:
2820:
2297:
706:
175:
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4662:
4390:
1143:. The Dutch reconciled with Zheng and he arranged for more Chinese trade in Taiwan. In 1637, Liu was defeated by Zheng.
12336:
12289:
10275:
9872:
8702:
5717:
5624:
3964:
ran on a platform supporting friendlier relations with mainland China and economic reforms, and defeated DPP candidate
3850:
2955:
2934:
2736:
2366:
1779:
1557:
In 1670 and 1673, Zheng forces seized vessels on their way to the mainland. In 1671, Zheng forces raided the coast of
1449:
and established a base in Taiwan. The Dutch held out at Keelung until 1668 when they withdrew from Taiwan completely.
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12257:
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11709:
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11512:
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11181:
11158:
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10792:
10162:
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10123:
Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island
10086:
Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island
10031:
10012:
10001:
9932:
9292:"Taiwan's 2008 Elections: A New Direction for the 'Other China'? | Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective"
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8244:
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7519:
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4166:
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Major armed resistance was largely crushed by 1902 but minor rebellions started occurring again in 1907, such as the
886:
551:
10661:
Leung, Edwin Pak-Wah (1983), "The Quasi-War in East Asia: Japan's Expedition to Taiwan and the Ryūkyū Controversy",
8451:
7509:
7484:
3183:
2801:. The loss of Taiwan would become a rallying point for the Chinese nationalist movement in the years that followed.
891:
Early Chinese histories refer to visits to eastern islands that some historians identify with Taiwan. Troops of the
727:
fossils has been found in the channel between the Penghu Islands and Taiwan, including a partial jawbone designated
12566:
12419:
12294:
12211:
11927:
9291:
4032:
3827:
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3573:
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in 1921, continued after most violent means were exhausted. Chiang joined the "Chinese United Alliance" founded by
2771:
landed with 2,250 French forces and defeated a smaller Chinese force, capturing Keelung. French efforts to capture
1140:
1136:
516:
8858:: Theory of the Undetermined Sovereignty of Taiwan Is a General Knowledge in the Japanese Diplomatic Circle].
5172:
Theories and Methods in Japanese Studies: Current State and Future Developments (Papers in Honor of Josef Kreiner)
3826:. In 1965, when Taiwan had established a solid financial base, all American aid ceased. Having accomplished that,
1151:
The Japanese had been trading for Chinese products in Taiwan since before the Dutch arrived in 1624. In 1609, the
4161:
3838:
3638:
3556:
renounced all treaties signed with Japan and made Taiwan's return to China one of the wartime objectives. In the
1562:
1549:
784:
10,000 years ago, sea levels rose, forming the Taiwan Strait and cutting off the island from the Asian mainland.
275:
190:
9151:
4031:
In May 2019, Taiwan became the first country in Asia to legalise same-sex marriage. By the end of the 2010s the
1293:
but the effort was abandoned after failing to produce good results. The native Taiwanese religion was primarily
12949:
12272:
12143:
10946:
10459:
Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c. 1620-1720
10074:
Japanese colonial citizenship in treaty port China: the location of Koreans and Taiwanese in the imperial order
8830:
7535:
6355:
5659:
Blussé, Leonard (1 January 1989). "Pioneers or cattle for the slaughterhouse? A rejoinder to A.R.T. Kemasang".
4009:
3903:
3807:, helped to ensure that Taiwan would recover quickly from war. The Kuomintang government also moved the entire
3090:
1810:
307:
170:
11644:
Lamley, Harry J (1981), "Subethnic Rivalry in the Ch'ing Period", in Emily Martin Ahern and Hill Gates (ed.),
5709:
Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia: The Zheng Family and the Shaping of the Modern World, c.1620–1720
1186:
13173:
12671:
12556:
12489:
12341:
12094:
11951:
11534:
Hsu, Wen-hsiung (1980), "Frontier Organization and Social Disorder in Ch'ing Taiwan", in Ronald Knapp (ed.),
11475:
In Search of the Hunters and Their Tribes: Studies in the History and Culture of the Taiwan Indigenous People
10148:
10118:
10080:
9437:
5808:
4859:
4108:
3748:
1880:
was required for settlers to go beyond the mid-point of the western plains. In 1715, the governor-general of
1213:
1209:
232:
58:
8748:
3861:
succeeded to the leadership of the Kuomintang and became president in 1978. Formerly the head of the feared
2793:
As part of the settlement for losing the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing empire ceded the islands of Taiwan and
1115:
on the islet of Tayowan off the southwest coast. On the adjacent mainland, they built a smaller brick fort,
741:, estimated to be between 20,000 and 30,000 years old. The oldest artefacts are chipped-pebble tools of the
13265:
12716:
12586:
12454:
11389:
Table 1. Statistics of Indigenous Population in Taiwan and Fukien Areas for Townships, Cities and Districts
9046:
8766:
5487:
Huang, C 2011, 'Taiwan under the Dutch' in A new history of Taiwan, The Central News Agency, Taipei, p. 71.
4171:
3983:. Chiou I-jen was found not guilty, while Yeh Sheng-mao was convicted and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
3934:
3870:
3696:
3281:
2711:
off of southern Taiwan. The captain, his wife, and some men escaped. The Koaluts (Guizaijiao) tribe of the
1720:
and other leaders shaved their head in the Manchu style. The use of the Ming calendar in Taiwan was ended.
429:
10412:
Everts, Natalie (2000), "Jacob Lamay van Taywan: An Indigenous Formosan Who Became an Amsterdam Citizen",
10228:
10114:
9418:
3822:
From 1950 to 1965, Taiwan received a total of $ 1.5 billion in economic aid and $ 2.4 billion in military
3235:
3203:
campaigned for the inauguration of the Taichū Middle School but faced opposition from Japanese officials.
719:, sea levels were about 140 metres (460 ft) lower than at present, exposing the floor of the shallow
13511:
12511:
12414:
12148:
12123:
11907:
11828:
10893:
9580:
5263:
4123:
4054:
3476:
3268:
3117:
3079:
812:
473:
359:
8564:
8542:
8520:
5185:
2894:: Japanization (1937–45). A separate policy for aborigines was implemented. The matter of assimilation,
1099:(VOC) came to the area in search of an Asian trade and military base. Defeated by the Portuguese at the
13609:
13567:
13470:
13375:
13007:
12959:
12591:
12541:
12528:
12434:
12277:
12003:
9333:
9113:
8360:
6956:
4113:
3994:
3922:
3660:
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and ended its rule in Taiwan. The territory was put under the administration of the ROC in 1945 by the
3527:
3464:
3231:
2810:
2300:
Painting of Taiwan (note the architectural difference between indigenous and Chinese inhabited areas),
268:
185:
165:
160:
129:
30:
8334:"UNHCR | Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Taiwan: Overview"
3479:. Taiwan was used as a launchpad for the invasion of Guangdong in late 1938 and for the occupation of
2743:
by Japan and preparations for an invasion of Taiwan were undertaken in the same year. On 17 May 1874,
2456:
776:
agriculture started in the area 11,000 years ago, and ended 4,200 years ago, when abundant remains of
12939:
12912:
12907:
12267:
12113:
12074:
10636:
3823:
3721:
3699:
in September 1945 and proclaimed October 25 1945, the day on which the Japanese surrendered, "Taiwan
3121:
1851:
9319:
4276:
The Cairo declaration manifested our intention. It did not itself constitute a cession of territory.
1503:, Koxinga's son. One prefecture and two counties (Tianxing and Wannian) were established in Taiwan.
13480:
13197:
13166:
12675:
12601:
12424:
12351:
12133:
12128:
12079:
9165:
Li, Shih-hui (2005). "The Currency Conversion in Postwar Taiwan: Gold Standard from 1949 to 1950".
9009:
4086:
3380:
1108:
1096:
903:
in the spring of 230. Some scholars have identified this island as Taiwan while others do not. The
528:
237:
11767:
Brown, Melissa J. (2001), "Reconstructing ethnicity: recorded and remembered identity in Taiwan",
8337:
5634:
4300:
The position in law is that an armistice or the cessation of fighting does not affect sovereignty.
830:
The Dapenkeng culture was succeeded by a variety of cultures throughout the island, including the
13425:
13390:
13345:
13047:
12872:
12606:
12499:
12223:
12118:
12089:
12084:
10899:
4475:(1969): ...traces of slash-and-burn agriculture since 9,000BC... remains of rice cultivation]
4059:
4012:
held on November 24, 2018, resulted in a major setback for the DPP majority and led to President
3736:
3484:
2850:
2740:
2437:
1912:
1446:
1419:
1238:
1112:
824:
524:
461:
10268:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
9526:"Taiwan's government boosts military reservists training as Ukraine war underlines China threat"
3292:(Office of the Governor-General), mountain aborigines were animals under international law. The
1661:
1010:(An Account of the Eastern Barbarians) and described the natives of Taiwan and their lifestyle.
13315:
13310:
13205:
12934:
12897:
12703:
12482:
12384:
12379:
12245:
11993:
11900:
10571:
The neolithic of southeast China: cultural transformation and regional interaction on the coast
10180:
Chan (1997), "Taiwan as an Emerging Foreign Aid Donor: Developments, Problems, and Prospects",
3808:
3613:
3561:
3557:
3468:
3219:
1729:
1297:. Practices like mandatory abortion, marital infidelity, nakedness, and non-observation of the
808:
547:
512:
180:
109:
11555:
11109:
10022:(2003). "Bull in a China Shop: Pieter Nuyts in China and Japan (1627–1636)". In Blussé (ed.).
7537:
Place and Spirit in Taiwan: Tudi Gong in the Stories, Strategies and Memories of Everyday Life
5707:
4966:
4540:
Gusmão, Leonor; Pereira, Luísa; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Lin, Marie; Richards, Martin B. (2016).
984:("the country of Dahui"), a corruption of Tayouan, a tribe that lived on an islet near modern
13435:
13410:
13325:
13305:
13255:
13225:
13215:
13092:
13057:
12571:
12477:
12472:
12449:
12250:
12108:
12028:
12023:
11050:
Thompson, Lawrence G. (1964). "The earliest eyewitness accounts of the Formosan aborigines".
9944:"Populating PEP II: the dispersal of humans and agriculture through Austral-Asia and Oceania"
8787:
The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations
8735:(December 13, 1954). "News Conference Statements: Purpose of treaty with Republic of China".
8704:
The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations
8453:
The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations
8408:
The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations
7030:
7003:
4777:
4642:
4145:
3675:
3541:
3248:
shrines. Some officials removed religious idols and artifacts from native places of worship.
3086:
2858:
2798:
2760:
2724:
1911:(r. 1735–1796), the administrative structure of Taiwan remained largely unchanged. After the
1596:
1030:
Taiwan in the 17th century, showing Dutch (magenta) and Spanish (green) possessions, and the
11201:
Legal Reform in Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945: The Reception of Western law
10971:
10421:
Gates, Hill (1981), "Ethnicity and Social Class", in Emily Martin Ahern; Hill Gates (eds.),
10405:
Some Did it for Civilisation, Some Did it for Their Country: A Revised View of the Boxer War
10157:, London, Edinburgh, New York: Marshall Brothers Ltd. reprinted by SMC Publishing Inc 1996,
8887:
3074:
2701:
in August 1842. The false report was later discovered and the officials in Taiwan punished.
2480:
In 1720, there was an upset among in Taiwan due to increased taxation. They gathered around
13521:
13400:
13395:
13275:
13052:
13027:
12924:
12218:
11956:
11692:
11336:
10987:
10549:
10365:
9954:
9849:
4602:
4344:
4132:
3712:
3671:
3589:
3428:
3367:
3356:
3015:
2432:
2319:
1354:
804:
621:
615:
206:
69:
10746:
9854:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9841:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9828:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9815:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9802:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9789:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9776:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9763:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9750:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9737:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9724:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9711:
How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century
9553:"'Ukrainian strategy has become a model': Taiwanese beef up military to face China threat"
4591:"Female craniometrics support the 'two‑layer model' of human dispersal in Eastern Eurasia"
3993:
In March and April 2014, students protesting against undemocratic methods used by the KMT
3629:
Scholars and politicians have argued over the international status of Taiwan based on the
3467:
in 1937, it began expanding Taiwan's industrial capacity to manufacture war material. The
8:
13495:
13465:
13415:
13370:
13350:
13340:
13240:
12982:
12944:
12919:
12783:
12755:
12394:
12389:
12240:
12057:
11998:
11988:
11840:
11744:"Formosa's First Nations and the Japanese: from Colonial Rule to Postcolonial Resistance"
10152:
8732:
4175:
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from the Chinese mainland to Taiwan, and used this reserve to stabilize the newly issued
3605:
3507:
3441:
3256:
2991:
2987:
2768:
2338:
1642:
1633:
led the Qing conquest of Zheng Taiwan. He was originally a military leader working under
1591:
Zheng also advised commoners to improve their dwellings and for temples dedicated to the
1473:
1466:
1182:
1077:
910:
803:
from the Changbin culture, but was brought across the Strait by the ancestors of today's
504:
119:
99:
11602:
Knapp, Ronald G (1980), "Settlement and Frontier Land Tenure", in Ronald G.Knapp (ed.),
11451:
Ebrey, Patricia (1996), "Surnames and Han Chinese Identity", in Melissa J. Brown (ed.),
10991:
10975:
10369:
9958:
9883:
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
5165:"Recent Trends in Scholarship on the History of Ryukyu's Relations with China and Japan"
4606:
4348:
3688:
After Japan's surrender, most of Taiwan's approximately 300,000 Japanese residents were
3102:
2948:
The Imperial Guard Defeats the Enemy in Hard Fighting at Keelung on the Island of Taiwan
13440:
13355:
13335:
13220:
13210:
13062:
13017:
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12763:
12581:
12551:
12197:
12175:
11784:
11679:
11470:
11067:
11003:
10678:
10488:
10391:
10197:
9585:
9182:
8987:
8946:
8678:
5676:
5259:"Convicts or Conquistadores ? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific"
4948:
4625:
4590:
4566:
4541:
4512:
4487:
4365:
4328:
3938:
3763:. Under Nationalist rule, the mainlanders dominated the government and civil services.
3028:
2654:
1282:
1194:
1152:
1049:
969:
792:
591:
10347:
Closing a Colony: The Meanings of Japanese Deportation from Taiwan aft er World War II
9966:
9308:
9067:
Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique; Sutcliffe, H.L.; McDonald, M. (2000-01-01). "Annex 10".
8650:
4927:"Chen Di's Record of Formosa (1603) and an Alternative Chinese Imaginary of Otherness"
2744:
1818:
397:
13550:
13420:
13385:
13320:
13300:
13290:
13250:
13235:
13230:
13146:
13129:
13067:
12997:
12974:
12877:
12855:
12845:
12818:
12813:
12642:
12596:
12533:
12494:
12464:
12327:
12180:
11973:
11728:
11705:
11683:
11630:
11607:
11588:
11508:
11456:
11422:
11363:
11360:
Is Taiwan Chinese?: The Impact of Culture, Power and Migration on Changing Identities
11306:
11275:
11230:
11177:
11154:
11124:
11036:
11011:
10942:
10903:
10874:
10835:
10824:
10788:
10722:
10682:
10612:
10593:
10574:
10519:
10493:
10426:
10383:
10327:
10323:
10309:
10290:
10271:
10252:
10158:
10136:
10126:
10090:
10058:
10027:
10008:
9997:
9928:
9886:
9868:
9174:
9080:
8927:
8791:
8708:
8628:
8457:
8412:
8240:
7541:
7515:
7320:
7036:
7009:
6374:
5813:
5713:
5278:
5175:
5038:
4952:
4630:
4571:
4517:
4458:
4370:
4288:
3812:
3788:
3784:
3728:
3618:
3545:
2698:
1896:
1759:
1748:
1298:
1264:
Sinkan then attacked Mattau and Baccluan, and sought protection from Japan. In 1629,
1065:
1062:
1031:
918:
799:
603:
563:
449:
216:
211:
11169:
11146:
11033:
Taiwan's Imagined Geography: Chinese Colonial Travel Writing and Pictures, 1683–1895
10046:
Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics
10019:
9970:
9910:"Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction"
9836:
9823:
9810:
9797:
9784:
9771:
9758:
9745:
9732:
9719:
5680:
4264:
2727:, although it did not take place in Mudan (J. Botan), but at Kuskus (Gaoshifo). The
1806:
444:
people started settling there by the early 17th century. The island became known by
13526:
13445:
13405:
13380:
13360:
13295:
13270:
13260:
13245:
13072:
12992:
12788:
12711:
12666:
12653:
12561:
12546:
12284:
11776:
11671:
11491:
11344:
11246:
The Seventeenth-Century Transformation: Taiwan Under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime
11101:
11063:
11059:
10995:
10866:
10758:
10670:
10483:
10475:
10414:
Ed. David Blundell; Austronesian Taiwan:Linguistics' History, Ethnology, Prehistory
10395:
10373:
10209:
10189:
10110:
9962:
9920:
9216:
9072:
8979:
8826:
8740:
5668:
5388:
5268:
4938:
4620:
4610:
4561:
4553:
4507:
4499:
4472:
4410:
4387:
4360:
4352:
4140:
4136:
3987:
3875:
3858:
3830:
3700:
3634:
3626:
Chinese authority over Taiwan, and that the ROC was the legal government of China.
3600:
3120:, which both Chiang and Lin left for. The New TCA later became a subsidiary of the
3062:
2914:
2756:
2731:
did not ask Japanese officials for help regarding the shipwreck. Instead its king,
2622:
2531:
2469:
1908:
1672:
1415:
1389:
1233:
879:
839:
777:
738:
716:
421:
338:
11443:
11393:
3724:
to France, where China declared that its southernmost territory was the Paracels.
1156:
752:, Taitung, dated 15,000 to 5,000 years ago. The same culture is found at sites at
480:
was seized by the Dutch. These European settlements were followed by an influx of
13365:
13330:
13285:
13280:
13189:
13122:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13012:
12964:
12902:
12860:
12823:
12808:
12798:
12793:
12773:
12738:
12733:
12409:
12346:
11983:
11881:
11874:
11847:
11835:
11572:
Japanese Colonialism in Taiwan:Land Tenure, Development and Dependency, 1895–1945
11187:
11019:
10936:
10888:
10870:
10798:
10507:
Economic Development of Emerging East Asia: Catching Up of Taiwan and South Korea
10333:
10168:
9862:
8953:
8921:
8849:
8236:
Economic Development of Emerging East Asia: Catching up of Taiwan and South Korea
6373:(Chinese-English bilingual ed.). Nantou City: Taiwan Historica. p. 52.
4784:
4417:
4128:
4017:
3841:, which provided the infrastructure for building a strong export-driven economy.
3834:
3732:
3715:, tens of thousands of people were killed or arrested, and the incident became a
3581:
3565:
3537:
3414:
3155:
3094:
3058:
3049:
3045:
2975:
2917:. Conceptually this colonial ideal conveyed the idea that metropolitan Japanese (
2854:
2830:
2752:
2720:
2664:
2659:
2392:
2380:
1763:
1638:
1381:
1325:
Depiction of a Chinese man, woman, and soldier, by Georg Franz Müller (1646–1723)
1172:
1100:
1015:
900:
571:
469:
89:
11675:
10719:
Memories of the Future: National Identity issues and the Search for a New Taiwan
9706:
8586:
4028:, the latter of which has been a political stronghold for the DPP for 20 years.
3894:
3585:
2846:
2444:
957:
visited Taiwan in 1349 and mentioned the presence of Chuhou pottery from modern
13581:
13082:
13022:
13001:
12954:
12803:
12778:
12576:
12399:
12206:
10626:
10084:
9746:"Chapter 4: La Isla Hermosa: The Rise of the Spanish Colony in Northern Taiwan"
9680:
9507:
9481:
4615:
4503:
4155:
3972:
3946:
3915:
3907:
3879:
3878:. In the following year, Chiang ended martial law and allowed family visits to
3816:
3344:
3318:
3041:
3003:
2728:
2708:
2675:
became shipwrecked near Keelung Harbour due to a typhoon. In October 1841, HMS
2523:
2504:
and Hailanqa were sent to Taiwan and defeated the rebellion; Lin was executed.
2362:
2334:
2315:
2301:
1889:
1856:
1783:
1717:
1706:
1694:
1665:
1587:
1566:
1290:
1260:
1256:
Taiwanese natives were sent against Liuqiu Island but met with little success.
1178:
1116:
1069:
1054:
949:
926:
892:
835:
773:
599:
559:
465:
373:
11886:
11751:
11495:
11105:
10738:
Language, Society, and the State: From Colonization to Globalization in Taiwan
10674:
10609:
Out of China or Yu Yonghe's Tales of Formosa: A History of 17th Century Taiwan
9438:"Taiwan's President Quits as Party Chief After Stinging Losses in Local Races"
9076:
5672:
4943:
4926:
4557:
929:
agriculture. Later the name Liuqiu (whose characters are read in Japanese as "
428:
around 3000 BC is believed to reflect the arrival of the ancestors of today's
13603:
13593:
13544:
13134:
13087:
12987:
12865:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12768:
12728:
12262:
12018:
11978:
10353:
10094:
9702:
9178:
8894:
8860:
5817:
5282:
5028:
4394:
4118:
3942:
3866:
3862:
3684:
Woodcut of the mass killings which took place during the February 28 Incident
3514:
3322:
3310:
3273:
3125:
2983:
2712:
2602:
2588:
2574:
2560:
2546:
2501:
2497:
2461:
2449:
2388:
1844:
1634:
1537:
fleet in October 1663, resulting in the capture of Zheng bases in Xiamen and
1430:
1392:
in 1644 to rebels, Chenggong and his followers declared their loyalty to the
1242:
1131:
1044:
769:
756:
on the southern tip of Taiwan, persisting until 5,000 years ago. Analysis of
720:
710:
Taiwan, with early sites, and the 130 km-wide (81 mi) Taiwan Strait
587:
583:
457:
445:
258:
79:
11690:
Reuters, "Taiwan election shooting suspect dead," (2005)|reference=Reuters.
11191:
10535:"Taiwan's geopolitics and Chiang Ching-Kuo's decision to democratize Taiwan"
10249:
Becoming "Japanese" – Colonial Taiwan and The Politics of Identity Formation
8607:
3351:
There were almost 350,000 Japanese civilians living in Taiwan by the end of
3054:
1569:
in Fujian. They fell afoul of each other not long afterward. Zheng captured
1084:"). In 1582, the survivors of a Portuguese shipwreck spent 45 days battling
11798:
Under An Imperial Sun: Japanese Colonial Literature of Taiwan and The South
11543:
11525:(1980), "The Chinese Settlement of the Ilan Plain", in Ronald Knapp (ed.),
11254:
China's Conquest of Taiwan in the Seventeenth Century: Victory at Full Moon
11023:
10986:(3), London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and co.: 324,
10802:
10781:
10590:
When The Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Ta-pa-ni Incident in Colonial Taiwan
10497:
10387:
10337:
10172:
10041:
9681:"No party gets majority in Legislature; KMT wins most seats - Focus Taiwan"
9663:"Photos: Taiwan holds closely watched presidential and parliamentary polls"
9557:
9042:
5273:
5258:
5174:. Göttingen: Bonn University Press via V&R Unipress. pp. 215–228.
4809:
Tanaka Fumio 田中史生 (2008). "Kodai no Amami Okinawa shotō to kokusai shakai"
4634:
4575:
4521:
4374:
4074:
4013:
4002:
3961:
3883:
3854:
3787:
led to severe inflation. Currency was issued in denominations of 1 million
3622:
3437:
3352:
3340:
3314:
3019:
2527:
2485:
2407:
2373:
1698:
1533:
1393:
1278:
1265:
1026:
989:
937:
862:
843:
831:
788:
540:
508:
485:
481:
437:
387:
345:
11015:
10692:
Global Competitiveness and Industrial Growth in Taiwan and the Philippines
9864:
Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West
9581:"After Pelosi's arrival, China announced military drills in nearby waters"
6781:
6450:
6436:
2637:
Japanese painting of the expedition forces attacking the Mudan tribe, 1874
1565:
and recaptured Xiamen. He imported war material and made an alliance with
1365:
13554:
12743:
11804:
Ts' ai, Hui-yu Caroline. "Diaries and Everyday Life in Colonial Taiwan."
11522:
3976:
3965:
3708:
3492:
3223:
3199:
faced in obtaining spots at the few government schools. Local leaders in
3098:
3034:
2995:
2861:
on 17 April 1895. Taiwan and Penghu were transferred to Japan on 2 June.
1683:
1653:
pulled out from the remaining mainland stronghold in the spring of 1664.
1496:
1159:
sent 13 vessels to conquer Taiwan. The fleet was dispersed by a typhoon.
954:
945:
941:
914:
905:
851:
816:
742:
575:
536:
441:
425:
11071:
9186:
8819:
3284:. Acculturated aborigines lost their aboriginal status. Han Chinese and
2641:
1384:, known in Dutch sources as Koxinga, studied at the Imperial Academy in
12444:
11788:
11007:
10762:
10227:, translated by W. Tsao, ed. by B. Gordon: 541–550, 569, archived from
10201:
9901:
Outcasts of Empire: Japan's Rule on Taiwan's "Savage Border," 1874-1945
9639:"China military 'completes tasks' around Taiwan, plans regular patrols"
8991:
8855:
4720:
4356:
3740:
3569:
3553:
3385:
3326:
2979:
2739:
in 1872 with the Mudan incident as casus belli. The king of Ryukyu was
1679:
1650:
1526:
1519:
1500:
1377:
or "Kok seng ia" in southern Fujianese), "Lord of the Imperial Surname"
1350:
1286:
896:
724:
555:
11822:
11604:
China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan
11536:
China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan
11527:
China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan
10654:
China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan
10516:
China's Island Frontier: Studies in the historical geography of Taiwan
9924:
5037:(Project Gutenberg ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 116.
5032:
3166:
An attempt to fully Japanize the Taiwanese people was made during the
2732:
842:. The earliest metal artifacts were trade goods, but by around 400 AD
594:
for forty years until democratic reforms in the 1980s. The first-ever
10378:
8584:
5799:
4696:
4025:
3389:
3371:
Bank of Taiwan established in 1897 headquartered in Taihoku (Taipei).
3208:
2837:
2493:
2481:
1900:
1574:
1514:
1401:
1225:
493:
11780:
11419:
A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology
10999:
10193:
9066:
8983:
8967:
8652:
There was no transfer of the sovereignty of Taiwan to China in 1945.
2845:
The acquisition of Taiwan by Japan was the result of Prime Minister
1933:
who paid taxes but did not practice Han Chinese culture were called
1734:
1544:
1457:
968:
were familiar enough with the indigenous peoples of Taiwan to speak
961:, suggesting that Chinese merchants had already visited the island.
870:
13077:
12404:
11149:(2000). "The Cave of the Black Spirits". In Blundell, David (ed.).
10479:
4021:
3200:
2396:
1885:
1630:
1623:
1604:
1570:
1558:
847:
791:. The only Paleolithic burial that has been found on Taiwan was in
781:
765:
749:
728:
13158:
11892:
10821:
Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier, 1600–1800
9213:"Ten Major Construction Projects - 台灣大百科全書 Encyclopedia of Taiwan"
7032:
Confrontation Over Taiwan: Nineteenth-Century China and the Powers
3849:
After Chiang Kai-shek died in April 1975, he was succeeded to the
2391:, the Taiwan defense commissioner. In 1887, Taiwan became its own
11865:
8217:
8215:
7723:
7721:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7005:
Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West
4232:
4230:
3779:
3760:
3756:
3496:
3339:
the 1910s. Japanese police officers were encouraged to learn the
2999:
2963:
2764:
2668:
2646:
2626:
2384:
1646:
1462:
1385:
1370:
1294:
1190:
1085:
999:
875:
866:
Original geographic distributions of Taiwanese aboriginal peoples
819:
continued from the early 2nd millennium BC, including the use of
753:
500:
477:
453:
394:
10772:
The Dutch in the Early Modern World: A History of a Global Power
10140:
10104:
On the Origins and Transformation of Taiwanese National Identity
8551:"日華条約におきましても、これを、サンフランシスコできめた、日本が放棄したということに反するようなことはできないのであります。"
4081:. However, no party won a majority in the simultaneous Taiwan's
3971:
On the same day President Chen left office, losing presidential
3680:
3487:. Taiwan served as a base for Japanese naval and air attacks on
2921:) imparted their superior culture to the subordinate islanders (
2633:
787:
In 2011, the ~8,000-year-old Liangdao Man skeleton was found on
731:, apparently belonging to a previously unknown species of genus
11923:
11825:, from "Taiwan, Ilha Formosa" (a pro-independence organization)
9613:"China Says Taiwan Military Drills Over, Plans Regular Patrols"
8899:
8865:
8817:
7217:
6404:
6402:
5238:
3752:
3704:
3495:
in May 1942. It served as a rear staging ground for attacks on
3480:
3317:
resisted the hardest. The last major aboriginal rebellion, the
3245:
3008:
2986:
attempted to carry out anti-Japanese resistance efforts as the
2967:
2794:
2781:
2772:
2400:
1881:
1713:
1687:
1592:
1538:
1434:
1426:
1397:
1317:
Map of Taiwan with the western coast pointed downwards, c. 1640
1202:
1198:
1104:
985:
965:
958:
930:
761:
579:
546:
In 1945, following the end of hostilities in World War II, the
520:
489:
11439:
Statistics of Indigenous Population in Taiwan and Fukien Areas
9811:"Chapter 9: Lord and Vassal: Company Rule over the Aborigines"
8212:
7966:
7840:
7816:
7779:
7777:
7750:
7718:
7662:
7342:
7330:
6824:
5226:
4227:
2667:, the British tried to scale the heights around the harbor of
2395:. During Liu's tenure, Taiwan's capital was shifted to modern
2349:
2344:
2333:
Unlike Gamalan, debates on Shuishalian (upstream areas of the
1871:
1863:
11721:
Marriage and Mandatory Abortion among the 17th Century Siraya
11081:
Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and West
10287:
The Colonial 'Civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa, 1624–1662
9908:
Bellwood, Peter; Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki (2011),
9508:"Taiwan election: Tsai Ing-wen wins second presidential term"
8043:
8041:
7696:
7694:
7692:
7679:
7677:
7376:
7374:
6841:
6839:
6644:
6642:
6605:
6603:
6554:
6552:
4542:"Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations"
4449:
The Ethnic Groups and Dispersal of the Austronesian in Taiwan
3716:
3488:
2909:, was tied to the admonition "impartiality and equal favor" (
2358:
2353:
Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty by 1894
1892:
was worried that this would cause instability and conflicts.
1875:
Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty in 1734
1867:
Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty in 1685
1089:
1003:
757:
433:
402:
11272:
Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy
9463:"Taiwan becomes first in Asia to legalise same-sex marriage"
8317:"The Origins and Implementation of the Comfort Women System"
6970:
6968:
6966:
6895:
6893:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6399:
6308:
3986:
Ma was re-elected, and the KMT retained its majority in the
3325:
launched the last headhunting party. Seediq warriors led by
1321:
8587:"Resolving Cross-Strait Relations Between China and Taiwan"
7774:
6957:"Taiwan in Time: Rebels of heaven and earth - Taipei Times"
6878:
5640:
5354:
5352:
4997:
4036:
3906:
marked the end of the Kuomintang (KMT) rule. DPP candidate
2436:
Depiction of Qing ships crossing the ocean to suppress the
1205:, who viewed the fortresses as a drain on their resources.
820:
733:
436:
gradually came into contact with Taiwan by the time of the
11379:
Taiwan at the end of The 20th Century:The Gains and Losses
11347:(1996), "On Becoming Chinese", in Melissa J. Brown (ed.),
11210:
China and the Taiwan Issue: Impending War at Taiwan Strait
10938:
Voices from the Ming-Qing cataclysm: China in tigers' jaws
8777:
8529:"従って日華条約によりまして日本が台湾及び澎湖島を中華民国に帰属せしめたという意思表示はしていないのでございます。"
8200:
8101:
8038:
7828:
7789:
7762:
7706:
7689:
7674:
7650:
7410:
7371:
7277:
7241:
7229:
7193:
6836:
6666:
6639:
6600:
5731:
5729:
5144:
5051:
4778:
http://www.strongwindpress.com/pdfs/HKFax/No_HK2013-41.pdf
4708:
4588:
3002:
took to looting and pillaging. Taipei's gentry elite sent
2797:
to Japan on April 17, 1895, according to the terms of the
10847:
Economic Development in Taiwan after the Second World War
10464:
8480:
7990:
7205:
7133:
6963:
6890:
6866:
6529:
6267:
5364:
5289:
4702:
3796:
3513:
Between 1,000 and 2,000 Taiwanese women were part of the
1021:
12629:
9942:
Bird, Michael I.; Hope, Geoffrey; Taylor, David (2004),
9281:
Reuters, "Taiwan election shooting suspect dead," (2005)
9023:
8277:
8265:
8113:
7638:
7614:
7602:
7398:
7289:
7181:
7169:
7145:
7097:
7085:
6654:
6588:
6576:
6255:
6243:
6216:
6204:
6192:
6180:
6168:
6156:
6144:
6132:
6120:
6096:
6084:
6072:
6036:
5588:
5490:
5349:
5098:
4538:
4077:
of the ruling Democratic Progressive Party won Taiwan's
3952:
The KMT also retained control of the legislature in the
3588:
handed over the administration of Taiwan and Penghu to
2477:
Qing rule. Most rebellions were caused by Han settlers.
921:" early in the 7th century. The Liuqiu described by the
11090:"Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan"
9798:"Chapter 8: "The Only Bees on Formosa That Give Honey""
9272:
Asia Society, "Opposition Wins Taiwan Election," (2000)
8923:
Japanese Taiwan: Colonial Rule and its Contested Legacy
8674:"Cairo Formosa Declaration Out of Date, Says Churchill"
8296:
8294:
8292:
8166:
8164:
7978:
7806:
7804:
7740:
7738:
7736:
7451:
7449:
7359:
7049:
6934:
6932:
6419:
6417:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6233:
6231:
6026:
6024:
5932:
5920:
5908:
5896:
5872:
5860:
5780:
5768:
5756:
5726:
5612:
5600:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5534:
5532:
5519:
5517:
5433:
5408:
5406:
5337:
5313:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5078:
4985:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4247:
4245:
4217:
4215:
3578:
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
3548:
met at the Cairo Conference in Cairo, 25 November 1943.
2309:
11862:
Exhibition in Tamsui about the Dutch history of Taiwan
11436:
Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan (2006),
10270:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
8818:
Shirley A. Kan; Wayne M. Morrison (11 December 2014).
8125:
8089:
8077:
8065:
8053:
7930:
7903:
7852:
7578:
7422:
7253:
7121:
7109:
7061:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5746:
5744:
5687:
5325:
5120:
5063:
4732:
3805:
Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction
3595:
In accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of the
3113:
convicted. Chiang was imprisoned more than ten times.
1678:
unnecessary and reduce the defense spending. In 1681,
1181:, viewing the Dutch presence on Taiwan as a threat to
531:
it served as a base for invasions of China, and later
13565:
11693:"Taiwan election shooting suspect dead," 7 March 2005
11484:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
10646:
Kenkoku University and the Experience of Pan-Asianism
10306:
Pirate King: Coxinga and the Fall of the Ming Dynasty
9152:"How Chiang spirited China's gold away from the Reds"
8820:"U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues"
8188:
8149:
7954:
7920:
7918:
7869:
7867:
7434:
7265:
5502:
5457:
5423:
5421:
4761:
4759:
4042:
In January, 2020, Tsai Ing-wen was re-elected in the
3580:. Japanese forces in China and Taiwan surrendered to
456:. Between 1624 and 1662, the south of the island was
378:
364:
350:
10823:, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.,
10451:
Between Trade and Legitimacy, Maritime and Continent
9867:(illustrated ed.), Princeton University Press,
9532:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 12 March 2022
9254:
9242:
9230:
9132:
8381:
8289:
8253:
8161:
7801:
7733:
7626:
7590:
7566:
7554:
7466:
7464:
7446:
7301:
7157:
7073:
7028:
7001:
6929:
6856:
6854:
6812:
6788:
6762:
6750:
6726:
6702:
6493:
6469:
6457:
6414:
6325:
6323:
6291:
6279:
6228:
6108:
6060:
6048:
6021:
6009:
5565:
5544:
5529:
5514:
5445:
5403:
5214:
5075:
4901:
4889:
4877:
4824:
4790:
4242:
4212:
2939:
Taiwanese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion (1895)
1499:: Tungning), which means "Eastern Pacification," by
1155:
sent an exploratory mission to the island. In 1616,
1002:
visited Taiwan in 1603 on an expedition against the
507:
on the island. His descendants were defeated by the
11554:. ROC Government Information Office. Archived from
11219:
The Comfort Women Controversy - Lessons from Taiwan
11094:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
10744:
8731:
7386:
5992:
5980:
5968:
5956:
5944:
5884:
5848:
5836:
5824:
5741:
5202:
5009:
4684:
4326:
4310:
4308:
4236:
4070:, included missile launches which overflew Taiwan.
3644:
3264:, a 1926 government report on tribal life in Taiwan
2671:three times but failed. The British transport ship
10780:
9907:
9093:
8589:. American Journal of International Law, July 2000
8400:
8398:
8396:
8176:
8026:
8014:
7915:
7891:
7879:
7864:
6917:
5418:
5301:
5108:
4756:
4726:
3609:be determined by the Allied Powers in the future.
3116:The TCA split in 1927 to form the New TCA and the
2833:including Taiwan ("barbarian land" in red) in 1895
1843:Section of a painting depicting daily life of the
1762:, divided into three counties, as a prefecture of
1693:In Taiwan, Zheng Jing's death resulted in a coup.
1452:
1208:In August 1641, the Dutch and their native allies
578:. The KMT ruled Taiwan (along with the islands of
452:explorers discovered in 16th century and named it
11856:China Taiwan Information Center (PRC perspective)
11648:, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 283–88.
11129:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
10965:The Discourse of Intermarriage in Colonial Taiwan
9785:"Chapter 7: The Challenges of a Chinese Frontier"
9482:"The secret sauce for Taiwan's chip superstardom"
9193:
8137:
7461:
6980:
6905:
6851:
6800:
6738:
6714:
6678:
6627:
6615:
6564:
6517:
6505:
6481:
6387:
6320:
5469:
5132:
4808:
4787:title夷洲问题再辨析 (PDF). . (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015-09-28)}.
4744:
4672:
3502:Starting in July 1937, Taiwanese began to play a
1754:increasing defense expenditures was unfavorable.
1425:Chenggong retreated from his stronghold in Amoy (
944:people started visiting Taiwan. The Yuan emperor
857:
13601:
11455:, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press,
9069:Sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands
9006:"Taiwan history: Chronology of important events"
8956:publisher: 麥田出版社, author: 黃英哲, December 19, 2007
8694:
8443:
7942:
6690:
4305:
3388:systems. Food production increased fourfold and
2404:the land tax reform fell short of expectations.
2361:invaded southern Taiwan in what is known as the
1834:
11410:Taiwan:Nation-State or Province? Fourth Edition
11351:, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
11263:Approaching Sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands
10635:, London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, archived from
10416:, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
10308:, United Kingdom: Muramasa Industries Limited,
9637:Pollard, Martin Quin; Lee, Yimou (2022-08-11).
9479:
9334:"Yeh Sheng-mao sentenced to 10 years in prison"
8393:
2895:
2880:
2865:
2411:Map of Asia showing the "Chinese Empire" (1892)
1888:recommended land reclamation in Taiwan but the
1686:disagreed and proposed a two pronged attack on
1193:), building Fort San Salvador. They also built
10787:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
9941:
9707:"Chapter 1: Taiwan on the Eve of Colonization"
8571:
8562:
8549:
8540:
8527:
8518:
5387:. Council for Cultural Affairs. Archived from
4714:
4485:
2902:
2887:
2872:
2804:
1289:. They tried to teach the native children the
1061:The name Formosa (福爾摩沙) dates from 1542, when
13174:
12166:
11908:
10745:Olsen, John W.; Miller-Antonio, Sari (1992),
10518:, University Press of Hawaii, pp. 3–29,
10251:, Berkeley: University of California Press.,
9518:
8328:
8326:
7482:
5385:"荷西時期總論 (Dutch and Spanish period of Taiwan)"
4488:"Early Austronesians: into and out of Taiwan"
4452:
4434:
3945:, while the US Department of State spokesman
3921:In 2007, President Chen proposed a policy of
3417:including Taiwan, Korea, and Manchukuo, 1934.
3226:, one of many Shinto shrines built in Taiwan.
2489:rebellion was defeated and Zhu was executed.
2484:and supported him in an anti-Qing rebellion.
795:in the southeast, dating from about 4000 BC.
312:
276:
11800:, Honolulu, HA: University of Hawaii Press..
11760:
11421:, Berkeley: University of California Press,
11362:, Berkeley: University of California Press,
10592:, Honolulu, HA: University of Hawaii Press,
9987:
9480:Wingfield-Hayes, Rupert (17 December 2023).
9419:"The Global Taiwan Brief Volume 3, Issue 23"
6997:
6995:
5661:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
5358:
5244:
4443:[1. Origins of Taiwan Aborigines].
2970:on 7 June, local militia and partisan bands
1400:. In 1650 he planned a major offensive from
1038:
850:, a technology possibly introduced from the
11850:from FAPA (a pro-independence organization)
11623:Art and Cultural Politics in Postwar Taiwan
11505:Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism
11453:Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan
11349:Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan
10332:. London and New York: Macmillan & Co.
10052:
9060:
8947:「去日本化」「再中國化」:戰後台灣文化重建(1945–1947),Chapter 1.
8926:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 115–118.
8585:Jonathan I. Charney and J. R. V. Prescott.
8311:
8309:
7022:
6351:Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan
5712:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
5232:
5057:
4647:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3703:". By 1938 about 309,000 Japanese lived in
3665:
3631:Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan
3280:Japan continued the Qing classification of
2345:Expansion in reaction to crises (1875–1895)
1723:
1561:and Fujian. In 1674, Zheng Jing joined the
13181:
13167:
11915:
11901:
11733:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
11635:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
11593:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
11035:, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press,
10834:. Reprinted 1995, SMC Publishing, Taipei.
10809:
10265:
10048:, Taipei: Academia Sinica, pp. 31–94.
9919:, Singapore: ArtPostAsia, pp. 31–41,
9636:
8965:
8783:
8700:
8449:
8404:
8323:
8221:
8206:
7972:
7846:
7834:
7822:
7795:
7768:
7756:
7727:
7712:
7700:
7683:
7668:
7656:
7416:
7380:
7353:
7336:
7283:
6845:
6830:
6672:
6648:
6609:
6558:
5594:
5376:
4802:
3954:Legislative Yuan elections in January 2008
2849:'s "southern strategy" adopted during the
917:sent three expeditions to a place called "
511:in 1683 and their territory in Taiwan was
283:
269:
11291:The Colonisation and Settlement of Taiwan
11140:The Cambridge History of China 9 Volume 1
11137:
10970:
10925:
10487:
10377:
9988:Blusse, Leonard; Everts, Natalie (2000),
9772:"Chapter 6: The Birth of Co-colonization"
8790:. Kluwer Law International. p. 337.
8707:. Kluwer Law International. p. 337.
8671:
8456:. Kluwer Law International. p. 337.
8411:. Kluwer Law International. p. 337.
8131:
7511:Lesser Dragons: Minority Peoples of China
6992:
6974:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6899:
6273:
5272:
4942:
4624:
4614:
4565:
4511:
4364:
3990:, in combined elections in January 2012.
3584:and on 25 October 1945, Governor-General
3069:
2817:Political divisions of Taiwan (1895–1945)
2383:broke on in 1883 and the French occupied
1937:(submitted non-acculturated aborigines).
899:are recorded visiting an island known as
11829:Reed Institute's Formosa Digital Library
11606:, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
11167:
11153:. California: University of California.
11049:
10818:
10769:
10322:
10303:
10147:
10125:. London: Kegan Paul. pp. 412–459.
10079:
9915:, in Benitez-Johannot, Purissima (ed.),
9860:
9847:
9834:
9821:
9808:
9795:
9782:
9769:
9756:
9743:
9730:
9717:
9701:
9578:
8841:
8745:United States Government Printing Office
8306:
7404:
7295:
6660:
6594:
6582:
6408:
6314:
5774:
5646:
5630:
5618:
5606:
5582:
5559:
5538:
5523:
5496:
5451:
5439:
5412:
5343:
5331:
5319:
5220:
5126:
5102:
5003:
4991:
4912:
4895:
4845:
4265:"Foreign Relations of the United States"
4001:the opposition candidate for president,
3949:described Chen's policy as "unhelpful".
3898:Population density map of Taiwan in 2019
3893:
3778:
3679:
3531:
3447:
3436:
3366:
3267:
3255:
3218:
3182:
3149:
3073:
2942:
2925:), who would share the common benefits.
2836:
2824:
2649:by the French forces, image created 1887
2640:
2632:
2616:
2455:
2443:
2431:
2406:
2348:
1870:
1862:
1850:
1838:
1791:
1733:
1660:
1618:
1543:
1513:
1456:
1414:
1364:
1320:
1312:
1232:
1224:
1048:
1025:
869:
861:
838:. Iron appeared in such cultures as the
11386:Council of Indigenous Peoples. (2004),
10928:The Chinese Gazette in European Sources
10707:
10643:
10606:
10559:
10402:
10352:
9898:
9880:
9759:"Chapter 5: The Fall of Spanish Taiwan"
9579:Qin, Amy; Mozur, Paul (2 August 2022).
9550:
9320:High Court finds Chiou I-jen not guilty
8358:
7984:
7783:
7744:
7139:
7127:
7115:
7067:
7055:
5693:
5508:
5027:
4690:
4427:
3774:
3731:was underway in mainland China between
3633:, with talking points revolving around
3521:
3057:ordered a massacre. Military police in
2962:Japanese forces landed on the coast of
2755:, the French invaded Taiwan during the
1626:(1621–1696) in an 18th-century painting
1349:On 8 September 1652, a Chinese farmer,
13602:
11868:Taiwan old photos digital museum plan
11145:
10934:
10887:
10716:
10542:Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs
10468:The American Journal of Human Genetics
10439:
10411:
10356:(2000), "Taiwan's gift to the world",
10344:
10109:
10071:
10018:
9994:Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines
9837:"Chapter 11: The Fall of Dutch Taiwan"
9824:"Chapter 10: The Beginning of the End"
9435:
9331:
8968:"Formosa (Taiwan) Under Japanese Rule"
8919:
8227:
8107:
8095:
8083:
8071:
8059:
8047:
7428:
7365:
7259:
7247:
7235:
7223:
7211:
7199:
6944:
5762:
5658:
5463:
5370:
5307:
5295:
5256:
4860:"A factual review of Taiwan's history"
4492:The American Journal of Human Genetics
4479:
3759:-based government there after fleeing
3695:The Republic of China established the
3251:
2913:) for all imperial subjects under the
2704:On 12 March 1867, the American barque
2372:The imperial commissioner for Taiwan,
1251:Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa
1022:Dutch and Spanish colonies (1624–1668)
13162:
12628:
12430:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
12165:
12052:
11938:
11896:
11655:Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan
11646:The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society
11542:
11321:
11297:
11269:
11243:
11224:
11176:. Taipei: Southern Materials Center.
11108:(inactive 2024-09-12), archived from
11087:
10860:
10735:
10660:
10651:
10504:
10423:The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society
10420:
10246:
10208:
10101:
10055:Spaniards in Taiwan Vol. II:1642–1682
10040:
10026:. Taipei: Southern Materials Center.
9720:"Chapter 2: A Scramble for Influence"
9416:
9389:"Taiwan's local elections, explained"
9138:
9111:
9099:
8194:
8155:
7996:
7960:
7455:
7440:
7271:
6015:
5481:
5208:
5162:
5150:
5138:
5069:
5015:
4924:
4883:
4796:
4765:
4750:
4678:
4314:
3844:
3837:) started state projects such as the
3471:operated heavily out of Taiwan. The "
3333:
3321:occurred on 27 October 1930 when the
1220:
723:as a land bridge. A concentration of
503:defeated the Dutch and established a
12440:Special non-state-to-state relations
11260:
11251:
11216:
11207:
11198:
11078:
11030:
10941:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
10852:
10844:
10747:"The Palaeolithic in Southern China"
10625:
10587:
10568:
10456:
10448:
10284:
10238:
10179:
9387:Bush, Richard C. (5 December 2018).
9386:
9199:
9029:
8387:
8300:
8283:
8271:
8259:
8170:
8143:
8119:
7810:
7644:
7632:
7620:
7608:
7596:
7572:
7560:
7470:
7392:
7307:
7187:
7175:
7163:
7151:
7103:
7091:
7079:
6302:
6285:
6261:
6249:
6237:
6222:
6210:
6198:
6186:
6174:
6162:
6150:
6138:
6126:
6114:
6102:
6090:
6078:
6066:
6054:
6042:
6030:
6003:
5986:
5974:
5962:
5950:
5938:
5926:
5914:
5902:
5890:
5878:
5866:
5854:
5842:
5830:
5798:
5786:
5750:
5735:
5705:
5257:Mawson, Stephanie J. (August 2016).
5170:. In Ölschleger, Hans Dieter (ed.).
5114:
4738:
4267:. US Dept. of State. January 6, 1951
4251:
4221:
4064:2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan
3889:
3641:and the Japanese diplomatic circle.
3362:
3048:in 1907, Luo Fuxing in 1913 and the
2982:delayed Japanese landings. Governor
2679:sailed to Keelung to search for the
2310:Administrative expansion (1796–1874)
1859:period painting of Taiwan, 1684–1722
1712:The battle took place in the bay of
1656:
1509:
1360:
1210:tried to take the Spanish fortresses
780:were found. At the beginning of the
636:
13188:
11922:
10962:
10778:
10689:
10513:
9630:
9605:
9572:
9417:Hsiao, Russell (28 November 2018).
9114:"Exploring Hsinchu's military past"
8885:
8847:
8672:Middleton, Drew (2 February 1955).
8479:
8239:. Anthem Press. 27 September 2017.
8182:
8020:
6368:
5475:
5427:
4857:
4099:History of Taiwanese historiography
3433:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
2928:
2821:List of Governors-General of Taiwan
2788:
1920:) and non-acculturated aborigines (
1308:
1088:and aborigines before returning to
566:, the ROC government under the KMT
472:, which lasted until 1642 when the
13:
11866:Taiwan Memory-Digital Photo Museum
11305:, Taipei, Taiwan: Lian jing (聯經),
11288:
10916:
10698:
10532:
10053:Borao Mateo, Jose Eugenio (2002),
9593:from the original on 7 August 2022
9436:Horton, Chris (24 November 2018).
9260:
9248:
9236:
9164:
9112:Crook, Steven (3 September 2022).
8920:Morris, Andrew D. (30 July 2015).
8361:"CIA report shows Taiwan concerns"
8032:
7948:
7936:
7924:
7909:
7897:
7885:
7873:
7858:
7584:
6986:
6938:
6923:
6911:
6884:
6872:
6860:
6818:
6806:
6794:
6768:
6756:
6744:
6732:
6720:
6708:
6696:
6684:
6633:
6621:
6570:
6523:
6511:
6499:
6487:
6475:
6463:
6423:
6393:
6329:
4727:Bellwood, Hung & Iizuka (2011)
4469:根據張光直(1969)...9,000BC起...大量種植稻米的遺跡
4451:] (Revised ed.). Taipei:
4035:had become globally dominant with
3999:combined elections in January 2016
2935:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
2367:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1229:The villages around Fort Zeelandia
1166:
1109:driven off by the Ming authorities
1103:in 1622, they attempted to occupy
1018:incorporating many Chinese words.
14:
13621:
11816:
11538:, HA: University of Hawaii Press.
11529:, HA: University of Hawaii Press.
10710:Liminality of the Japanese Empire
9309:Taiwan ex-leader faces graft case
8485:"Probable Developments in Taiwan"
6354:]. (in Chinese and Hokkien).
4858:Lai, Fu-shun (October 26, 2015).
4237:Olsen & Miller-Antonio (1992)
4167:Politics of the Republic of China
3958:presidential election in May 2008
3144:Japanese painting of Taiwan, 1928
3082:, 2 January 1929 – 6 October 1929
1824:Ū Tn̂g-soaⁿ kong, bô Tn̂g-soaⁿ má
1146:
887:Early Chinese contact with Taiwan
846:was being produced locally using
692:
13587:
13575:
13549:
13540:
13539:
13140:
13128:
13117:
13116:
12359:List of administrative divisions
11229:, M.E. Sharpe, pp. 84–106,
11203:, University of Washington Press
10865:, Anthem Press, pp. 42–65,
10694:, University of Pittsburgh Press
10115:"Arrival and Victory of Koxinga"
9903:, University of California Press
9694:
9673:
9655:
9544:
9500:
9473:
9455:
9429:
9410:
9380:
9362:
9344:
9325:
9313:
9302:
9284:
9275:
9266:
9205:
9158:
9144:
9105:
9035:
8998:
8959:
8940:
8913:
8879:
8811:
8759:
8739:. Vol. XXXI, no. 807.
8725:
8665:
8643:
8621:
8610:. Taiwan Documents Project. 2002
8600:
8578:
8556:
8534:
8512:
8473:
8352:
8002:
7528:
7502:
7476:
7313:
6774:
6443:
6429:
6362:
6335:
4188:
4068:military exercises around Taiwan
4053:The February 2022 full military
4033:semiconductor industry in Taiwan
3995:occupied the parliament building
3657:History of the Republic of China
3651:History of Taiwan (1945–present)
3645:Republic of China (1945–present)
3402:
3133:
2785:remained under Chinese control.
2595:
2581:
2567:
2553:
2539:
2512:
2289:
1771:
691:
677:
664:
663:
649:
635:
628:
252:
49:
20:History of the Republic of China
13141:
11742:Simon, Scott (4 January 2006),
11574:, Boulder, CO: Westview Press..
11332:Opposition Wins Taiwan Election
9685:Focus Taiwan - CNA English News
8784:Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996).
8701:Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996).
8608:"The Japanese Act of Surrender"
8497:from the original on 2014-12-22
8450:Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996).
8405:Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996).
8359:Lowther, William (9 Jun 2013).
7514:. Reaktion Books. 15 May 2018.
7035:. Lexington Books. p. 32.
5792:
5699:
5652:
5382:
5250:
5156:
5021:
4959:
4918:
4851:
4771:
4656:
4582:
4532:
3839:Ten Major Construction Projects
3639:Government of the United States
3422:
3214:
1823:
1581:
1563:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1550:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1453:Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683)
1189:on the northeast coast (modern
1183:their colony in the Philippines
798:Around 3,000 BC, the Neolithic
678:
650:
403:
13507:British Indian Ocean Territory
11719:Shepherd, John Robert (1995),
11704:, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc,
11700:Rubinstein, Murray A. (1999),
11417:Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1999),
11412:, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
11381:, Taipei: Tonsan Publications.
11329:Asia Society (14 March 2000),
11079:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2009),
11064:10.1080/02549948.1964.11731044
10810:Rubinstein, Murray A. (1999),
10024:Around and About Dutch Formosa
9885:, Princeton University Press,
8831:Congressional Research Service
8772:the legal Government of China.
4715:Bird, Hope & Taylor (2004)
4404:
4381:
4320:
4281:
4257:
3091:Taiwanese Cultural Association
3087:Nonviolent means of resistance
2879:: assimilation (1915–37), and
1814:
1185:, established a settlement at
980:("little eastern island") and
858:Chinese contact and settlement
379:
365:
351:
313:
1:
12053:
11952:Timeline of Taiwanese history
11875:America and Taiwan, 1943–2004
11823:Taiwan's 400 years of history
11270:Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2012),
11212:, University Press of America
10935:Struve, Lynn A., ed. (1993).
10921:, Paradise Culture Associates
10644:Kishida, Yuka Hiruma (2021),
10440:Gordon, Leonard H.D. (2007),
10425:, Stanford University Press,
10214:"The Neolithic Taiwan Strait"
9967:10.1016/s1040-6182(03)00135-6
7540:. Routledge. 29 August 2003.
7029:Leonard H. D. Gordon (2007).
7008:. Routledge. pp. 66–67.
7002:Shih-Shan Henry Tsai (2009).
6371:The Concise History of Taiwan
6356:Ministry of Education, R.O.C.
5809:The General History of Taiwan
4815:Kodai chūsei no kyōkai ryōiki
4201:
4109:Timeline of Taiwanese history
3927:the question of left or right
2966:on 29 May. After the fall of
2427:
1835:Settler expansion (1684–1795)
1809:father, no Tangshan mother" (
1742:
1522:(1642–1681), possibly 17th c.
1369:Mid-17th century portrait of
1053:Chinese depiction of Chikan (
609:
12717:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
12455:Taiwan independence movement
11653:Manthorpe, Jonathan (2008),
10871:10.7135/UPO9781843313847.006
10774:, Cambridge University Press
10712:, University of Hawi'i Press
10564:, Taiwan Historical Research
9551:Hawkins, Amy (9 July 2023).
9332:Chuang, Jimmy (5 Dec 2008).
9047:National 228 Memorial Museum
8737:Department of State Bulletin
4973:(in Chinese). pp. 21–29
4813:. In Ikeda Yoshifumi (ed.).
4453:
4435:
4433:
4206:
4172:Taiwan independence movement
4162:Military dependents' village
3918:, who was later found dead.
3871:Democratic Progressive Party
3697:Taiwan Provincial Government
3178:
2612:
1487:). Later "Eastern Capital" (
596:direct presidential election
468:whilst the Spanish built an
430:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
7:
12612:Water supply and sanitation
11939:
11796:Kleeman, Faye Yuan (2003),
11676:10.1080/0275720032000129938
10926:Standaert, Nicolas (2022),
10894:The Search for Modern China
10783:Taiwan: A Political History
10304:Clements, Jonathan (2004),
10072:Brooks, Barbara J. (2000),
9856:, Columbia University Press
9843:, Columbia University Press
9830:, Columbia University Press
9817:, Columbia University Press
9804:, Columbia University Press
9791:, Columbia University Press
9778:, Columbia University Press
9765:, Columbia University Press
9752:, Columbia University Press
9739:, Columbia University Press
9733:"Chapter 3: Pax Hollandica"
9726:, Columbia University Press
9713:, Columbia University Press
8543:衆議院会議録情報 第046回国会 予算委員会 第17号
4124:Foreign relations of Taiwan
4092:
4089:(TPP) secured eight seats.
4060:investment in civil defense
4055:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3929:, but only the question of
3491:until the surrender of the
3477:Taihoku Imperial University
2896:
2881:
2866:
2805:Japanese Empire (1895–1945)
2759:in 1884. On 5 August 1884,
2472:period (1735–1796), the 93
1614:
1478:
823:from eastern Taiwan in the
813:Malayo-Polynesian languages
513:annexed by the Qing dynasty
10:
13626:
12930:Inventions and discoveries
12435:Political status of Taiwan
12004:Taiwan under Japanese rule
11031:Teng, Emma Jinhua (2004),
10976:"Japanese rule in Formosa"
10845:Shih, Chien-sheng (1968),
10819:Shepherd, John R. (1993),
10656:, The University of Hawaii
10611:, Taipei: SMC Publishing,
10548:(1): 26–44, archived from
10505:Hsiao, Frank S.T. (2017),
10407:, Chinese University Press
10057:, Taipei: SMC Publishing,
8966:Grajdanzev, A. J. (1942).
8565:衆議院会議録情報 第046回国会 外務委員会 第1号
8521:衆議院会議録情報 第038回国会 外務委員会 第2号
8434:and thus makes the island
5359:Blusse & Everts (2000)
5245:Blusse & Everts (2000)
4616:10.1038/s41598-021-00295-6
4504:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.003
4114:Economic history of Taiwan
3923:Four Wants and One Without
3904:2000 presidential election
3824:aid from the United States
3749:People's Republic of China
3735:'s ROC government and the
3727:From the 1930s onward the
3669:
3661:Political status of Taiwan
3654:
3648:
3597:San Francisco Peace Treaty
3528:Political Status of Taiwan
3525:
3426:
2932:
2814:
2811:Taiwan under Japanese rule
2808:
2318:and Shuishalian in modern
1746:
1727:
1670:
1597:civil service examinations
1471:
1353:, and an army of peasants
1248:
1170:
1042:
884:
619:
613:
523:to Japan after losing the
17:
13535:
13494:
13454:
13196:
13112:
12973:
12890:
12754:
12702:
12695:
12652:
12624:
12463:
12372:
12325:
12190:
12161:
12067:
12048:
11947:
11934:
11860:Museum Fort Santo Domingo
11761:Historiography and memory
11552:A Brief History of Taiwan
11496:10.1080/01434639708666322
11477:, Taipei: SMC Publishing.
11358:Brown, Melissa J (2004),
11138:Twitchett, Denis (2002),
11106:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751
11088:Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2000),
10721:, New York: M.E. Sharpe,
10675:10.1017/s0026749x00015638
10652:Knapp, Ronald G. (1980),
10442:Confrontation Over Taiwan
10403:Elliott, Jane E. (2002),
9899:Barclay, Paul D. (2018),
9167:The Kyoto Economic Review
9077:10.1163/9789004479425_008
8572:
8567:. 6 February 1964. p. 11.
8563:
8550:
8545:. 2 February 1964. p. 24.
8541:
8528:
8523:. 2 February 1961. p. 23.
8519:
5673:10.1163/22134379-90003260
5034:How Taiwan Became Chinese
4944:10.1017/S0018246X1900061X
4558:10.1007/s00439-015-1620-z
4194:Tangshan means "Chinese".
3968:with 58.48% of the vote.
3943:unenforceable legislation
3747:. On October 1 1949, the
3465:full-scale war with China
3232:full-scale war with China
3122:Taiwanese Communist Party
3078:The original flag of the
2903:
2888:
2873:
1197:in the northwest (modern
1122:
1111:in 1624. They then built
1039:Contact and establishment
414:
393:
386:
372:
358:
344:
337:
332:
328:
320:
306:
302:
297:
13256:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
12425:One Country on Each Side
12337:Administrative divisions
11664:History and Anthropology
11581:Around and About Formosa
11408:Copper, John F. (2003),
11302:
11252:Wong, Young-tsu (2017),
11217:Ward, Thomas J. (2018),
11199:Wang, Tay-sheng (2000),
11174:Around and About Formosa
10980:The Geographical Journal
10853:Shih, Fang-long (2022),
10770:Onnekink, David (2019),
10708:Matsuda, Hiroko (2019),
10690:Kuo, Cheng-Tian (1995),
10607:Keliher, Macabe (2003),
10345:Dawley, Evan N. (2015),
10247:Ching, Leo T.S. (2001),
10102:Chang, Mau-kuei (2003),
9951:Quaternary International
9861:Andrade, Tonio (2011a),
9848:Andrade, Tonio (2008l),
9835:Andrade, Tonio (2008k),
9822:Andrade, Tonio (2008j),
9809:Andrade, Tonio (2008i),
9796:Andrade, Tonio (2008h),
9783:Andrade, Tonio (2008g),
9770:Andrade, Tonio (2008f),
9757:Andrade, Tonio (2008e),
9744:Andrade, Tonio (2008d),
9731:Andrade, Tonio (2008c),
9718:Andrade, Tonio (2008b),
8888:
8850:
8009:The Japan Year Book 1933
6887:, pp. 174–175, 166.
6344:
5803:
4971:National Central Library
4925:Jenco, Leigh K. (2020).
4817:
4810:
4468:
4444:
4440:
4181:
3666:Taiwan under martial law
3118:Taiwanese People's Party
3080:Taiwanese People's Party
2974:. In the south, a small
2972:continued the resistance
2625:ship bearing tribute to
2492:In 1786, members of the
1948:villages. The number of
1724:Qing dynasty (1683–1895)
1461:Territory controlled by
1097:Dutch East India Company
772:suggests that traces of
529:Second Sino-Japanese War
308:Traditional Chinese
13517:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
12607:Uniform Invoice lottery
12522:State-owned enterprises
12295:Office of the President
11244:Wills, John E. (2015),
10900:W.W. Norton and Company
10569:Jiao, Tianlong (2007),
10324:Davidson, James Wheeler
10285:Chiu, Hsin-hui (2008),
10266:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
10239:Chen, Yingzhen (2001),
9881:Andrade, Tonio (2016),
9423:Global Taiwan Institute
9397:Brookings Institutution
8889:國際法觀點 學者:台灣被中華民國政府佔領70年
8886:林良昇 (24 October 2015).
7226:, p. 149–151, 154.
5163:Smits, Gregory (2007).
3737:Chinese Communist Party
3574:instrument of surrender
3564:declared the return of
3504:role on the battlefield
3485:bombing of Pearl Harbor
3475:" was based out of the
3163:assimilation was rare.
2851:First Sino-Japanese War
2448:Conquest of Douliumen (
2438:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1959:Taiwan Population Data
1913:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1907:Under the reign of the
1895:Under the reign of the
1429:city) and attacked the
1420:Siege of Fort Zeelandia
1287:evangelize Christianity
825:Philippine jade culture
602:", and was one of the "
525:First Sino-Japanese War
12567:Semiconductor industry
12385:Cross-Strait relations
12342:Special municipalities
11994:Taiwan under Qing rule
11621:Kuo, Jason C. (2000),
11570:Ka, Chih-ming (1995),
11503:Hsiau, A-chin (2000),
11300:Zhonghua Minguo shigao
11208:Wang, Gabe T. (2006),
10736:Price, Gareth (2019),
10533:Hu, Ching-fen (2005),
10241:Imperial Army Betrayed
10149:Campbell, Rev. William
10089:. London: Kegan Paul.
8429:Japan v. Lai Chin Jung
7483:Huang-wen lai (2015).
6369:Tai, Pao-tsun (2007).
4931:The Historical Journal
4667:Encyclopedia of Taiwan
4422:Encyclopedia of Taiwan
4399:Encyclopedia of Taiwan
4291:. Hansard. Feb 7, 1955
4150:Taiwanese opium policy
4079:presidential elections
4048:parliamentary election
3910:won a three-way race.
3899:
3792:
3685:
3549:
3469:Imperial Japanese Navy
3460:
3445:
3372:
3319:Musha (Wushe) Uprising
3277:
3265:
3227:
3191:
3188:Taichung Middle School
3083:
3070:Non-violent resistance
2951:
2842:
2834:
2650:
2638:
2630:
2464:
2453:
2441:
2412:
2354:
1929:commander, Lin Liang.
1876:
1868:
1860:
1848:
1739:
1730:Taiwan under Qing rule
1668:
1627:
1553:
1523:
1469:
1422:
1378:
1326:
1318:
1246:
1230:
1058:
1035:
948:sent officials to the
882:
867:
817:Philippine archipelago
809:Austronesian languages
548:nationalist government
458:colonized by the Dutch
140:Republic of China rule
12450:Taiwanese nationalism
11969:Early Chinese contact
11702:Taiwan: A New History
11657:, Palgrave Macmillan.
11507:, London: Routledge,
11377:Chu, Jou-juo (2001),
11227:Taiwan: A New History
10812:Taiwan: A New History
10701:The History of Taiwan
10699:Li, Xiaobing (2019),
10560:Inkster, Ian (2010),
6875:, p. 1, 10, 174.
4729:, pp. 35–37, 41.
4337:Nature Communications
4146:Japanese expansionism
4087:Taiwan People's Party
4044:presidential election
3897:
3782:
3766:The KMT viewed their
3683:
3676:White Terror (Taiwan)
3544:, and Prime Minister
3542:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3535:
3463:As Japan embarked on
3458:
3440:
3413:Panoramic map of the
3370:
3271:
3259:
3222:
3186:
3150:Assimilation movement
3077:
2946:
2859:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2840:
2828:
2799:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2644:
2636:
2620:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2410:
2352:
1874:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1792:Taiwan administration
1737:
1697:murdered his brother
1664:
1622:
1547:
1517:
1460:
1418:
1368:
1324:
1316:
1236:
1228:
1214:second Dutch invasion
1052:
1029:
873:
865:
13431:United Arab Emirates
11962:archaeological sites
11298:Zhang, Yufa (1998),
11289:Ye, Ruiping (2019),
10663:Modern Asian Studies
9953:, 118–119: 145–163,
9173:(2 (157)): 191–203.
7488:(pdf published=2007)
5812:] (in Chinese).
5274:10.1093/pastj/gtw008
4083:legislative election
4075:William Lai Ching-te
3775:Economic development
3713:February 28 Incident
3672:February 28 Incident
3522:End of Japanese rule
3429:Taiwan Army of Japan
3110:Taiwan People's News
2853:in 1894–95. Itō and
2719:In December 1871, a
2709:shipwrecked offshore
1782:Painting of Taiwan,
805:Taiwanese aborigines
707:class=notpageimage|
622:Austronesian peoples
616:Prehistory of Taiwan
470:outpost in the north
243:Archaeological sites
13458:limited recognition
13100:Tourist attractions
12557:Maritime industries
12490:Automotive industry
12395:Chinese nationalism
12390:Chinese unification
12234:Additional Articles
11999:Republic of Formosa
11989:Kingdom of Tungning
11887:Time Mapping Taiwan
11756:Accessed 3/16/2007.
11471:Harrison, Henrietta
11151:Austronesian Taiwan
11083:, M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
10992:1907GeogJ..30..324G
10972:Takekoshi, Yosaburō
10889:Spence, Jonathan D.
10779:Roy, Denny (2003).
10588:Katz, Paul (2005),
10457:Hang, Xing (2015),
10449:Hang, Xing (2010),
10370:2000Natur.403..709D
10154:Sketches of Formosa
9959:2004QuInt.118..145B
9071:. Brill | Nijhoff.
9032:, pp. 254–255.
8851:台灣主權未定論 許世楷:日本外交界常識
8733:Department of State
8319:. 14 December 2018.
7999:, pp. 137–140.
6252:, pp. 187–188.
5706:Hang, Xing (2016).
5649:, pp. 188–201.
5391:on December 3, 2013
5373:, pp. 151–155.
5247:, pp. 300–309.
5235:, pp. 329–333.
4607:2021NatSR..1120830M
4457:. pp. 46, 48.
4349:2015NatCo...6.6037C
4329:"The first archaic
4176:Chinese unification
4104:Geography of Taiwan
3941:was not a piece of
3720:including the 1932
3606:Government of Japan
3508:Takasago Volunteers
3442:Takasago Volunteers
3252:Aboriginal policies
2992:Green Standard Army
2988:Republic of Formosa
1474:Kingdom of Tungning
1467:Kingdom of Tungning
1245:in the 17th-century
1237:Bird's eye view of
420:The history of the
120:Republic of Formosa
100:Kingdom of Tungning
12764:Formosan languages
12587:Telecommunications
12420:North–South divide
12364:Metropolitan areas
11880:2008-11-20 at the
11846:2007-06-13 at the
11834:2011-04-13 at the
11322:General references
11261:Wong, Tin (2022),
10963:Tai, Eika (2014),
10751:Asian Perspectives
9687:. 13 January 2024.
9586:The New York Times
9514:. 11 January 2020.
9442:The New York Times
8952:2011-07-22 at the
8848:曾韋禎 (3 May 2009).
8679:The New York Times
8655:, February 7, 1955
8286:, p. 192–195.
8274:, p. 183–184.
8224:, p. 235–236.
8122:, p. 115–116.
8110:, p. 120–122.
8050:, p. 115–117.
7975:, p. 211–212.
7939:, p. 204–205.
7912:, p. 195–197.
7861:, p. 189–190.
7849:, p. 241–242.
7825:, p. 238–239.
7786:, p. 103–104.
7759:, p. 217–218.
7730:, p. 210–211.
7671:, p. 220–221.
7647:, p. 335–336.
7623:, p. 331–333.
7611:, p. 330–331.
7587:, p. 447–448.
7356:, p. 205–206.
7339:, p. 203–204.
7250:, p. 161–162.
7238:, p. 149–151.
7202:, p. 142–145.
7190:, p. 141–143.
7178:, p. 137–138.
7154:, p. 124–126.
7106:, p. 121–122.
7094:, p. 119–120.
6833:, p. 187–190.
6411:, p. 150–154.
6317:, p. 178–179.
6264:, p. 189–190.
6225:, p. 181–182.
6213:, p. 170–171.
6201:, p. 169–170.
6189:, p. 168–169.
6177:, p. 165–166.
6165:, p. 162–163.
6153:, p. 166–167.
6141:, p. 160–161.
6129:, p. 155–159.
6105:, p. 148–150.
6093:, p. 147–148.
6081:, p. 160–161.
6045:, p. 195–196.
5941:, p. 124–125.
5929:, p. 118–122.
5917:, p. 139–140.
5905:, p. 138–139.
5881:, p. 113–114.
5869:, p. 111–113.
5789:, p. 106–107.
5738:, p. 105–106.
5298:, p. 144–145.
5264:Past & Present
5233:Borao Mateo (2002)
5058:Borao Mateo (2002)
5006:, p. 170–171.
4783:2015-09-28 at the
4741:, pp. 94–103.
4703:Hill et al. (2007)
4595:Scientific Reports
4416:2014-05-03 at the
4357:10.1038/ncomms7037
3981:corruption charges
3939:Anti-Secession Law
3900:
3882:. Chiang selected
3845:Democratic reforms
3815:and put a stop to
3793:
3789:Old Taiwan dollars
3686:
3550:
3473:South Strike Group
3461:
3446:
3381:Taiwan rail system
3373:
3334:Japanese colonists
3278:
3266:
3262:Savages of Formosa
3228:
3192:
3093:(TCA), founded by
3084:
3033:, a member of the
2952:
2843:
2835:
2699:executed in Tainan
2655:East India Company
2651:
2639:
2631:
2534:period (1735–1796)
2465:
2454:
2442:
2413:
2355:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1849:
1740:
1669:
1628:
1599:were implemented.
1554:
1524:
1470:
1423:
1379:
1327:
1319:
1283:Formosan languages
1247:
1231:
1221:Dutch colonization
1195:Fort Santo Domingo
1187:Santísima Trinidad
1153:Tokugawa shogunate
1068:noted it on their
1059:
1036:
970:Formosan languages
883:
868:
592:single-party state
568:withdrew to Taiwan
554:(ROC), led by the
505:base of operations
13610:History of Taiwan
13563:
13562:
13500:other territories
13156:
13155:
13108:
13107:
12886:
12885:
12856:Taiwanese Hokkien
12620:
12619:
12415:Foreign relations
12328:Regions of Taiwan
12312:Political parties
12300:Secretary-General
12157:
12156:
12104:Protected species
12044:
12043:
12014:Retreat to Taiwan
12009:Republic of China
11974:Kingdom of Middag
11841:History of Taiwan
11808:(2013): 145–168.
11754:on 13 March 2007.
11345:Brown, Melissa J.
11281:978-0-7914-8268-1
11236:978-0-7656-1495-7
11042:978-0-674-01451-0
10917:Su, Beng (1980),
10909:978-0-393-97351-8
10880:978-0-85728-966-7
10830:978-0-8047-2066-3
10814:, East Gate Books
10728:978-0-7656-0791-1
10639:on March 9, 2007.
10618:978-957-638-608-4
10599:978-0-8248-2915-5
10580:978-1-934043-16-5
10573:, Cambria Press,
10525:978-0-8248-0743-6
10444:, Lexington Books
10432:978-0-8047-1043-5
10364:(6771): 709–710,
10354:Diamond, Jared M.
10315:978-0-7509-3269-1
10258:978-0-520-22551-0
10119:Campbell, William
10111:Coyett, Frederick
10081:Campbell, William
10064:978-957-638-589-6
9892:978-0-691-13597-7
9263:, pp. 33–34.
9251:, pp. 32–43.
9239:, pp. 26–27.
9086:978-90-411-1381-8
8933:978-1-4725-7674-3
7214:, p. 146–49.
7042:978-0-7391-1869-6
7015:978-1-317-46517-1
5765:, pp. 51–57.
5595:Clodfelter (2017)
5181:978-3-89971-355-8
5072:, pp. 88–89.
4820:. pp. 49–70.
4473:Chang, Kwang-chih
4464:978-957-801-660-6
4254:, pp. 91–94.
4224:, pp. 89–90.
4073:In January 2024,
3890:Democratic period
3813:New Taiwan dollar
3785:Chinese Civil War
3768:retreat to Taiwan
3729:Chinese Civil War
3619:Winston Churchill
3614:Cairo Declaration
3558:Cairo Declaration
3546:Winston Churchill
3456:
3363:Industrialization
3272:Severed heads of
2663:1841, during the
2519:Depiction of the
2468:year. During the
2304:period, 1684–1722
2285:
2284:
1897:Yongzheng Emperor
1786:period, 1684–1722
1760:Taiwan Prefecture
1749:Taiwan Prefecture
1657:End of Zheng rule
1510:Retreat to Taiwan
1465:, founder of the
1361:End of Dutch rule
1299:Christian Sabbath
1032:Kingdom of Middag
807:, speaking early
800:Dapenkeng culture
604:Four Asian Tigers
564:Chinese Civil War
552:Republic of China
460:headquartered in
418:
417:
410:
409:
339:Standard Mandarin
324:Taiwanese history
298:History of Taiwan
293:
292:
259:Taiwan portal
217:Kingdom of Middag
148:
147:
13617:
13592:
13591:
13590:
13580:
13579:
13578:
13571:
13553:
13543:
13542:
13512:Christmas Island
13198:Sovereign states
13183:
13176:
13169:
13160:
13159:
13144:
13143:
13132:
13120:
13119:
13008:Cultural history
12960:Waste management
12712:Taiwanese people
12700:
12699:
12654:National symbols
12633:National Symbols
12626:
12625:
12542:Economic history
12537:
12529:Defense industry
12373:Political issues
12278:Military history
12163:
12162:
12050:
12049:
11936:
11935:
11917:
11910:
11903:
11894:
11893:
11871:
11801:
11792:
11755:
11750:, archived from
11738:
11732:
11724:
11715:
11687:
11658:
11649:
11640:
11634:
11626:
11617:
11598:
11592:
11584:
11575:
11566:
11564:
11563:
11539:
11530:
11518:
11499:
11478:
11466:
11447:
11442:, archived from
11432:
11413:
11404:
11402:
11401:
11392:, archived from
11382:
11373:
11352:
11340:
11339:on 15 June 2000.
11335:, archived from
11316:
11294:
11285:
11266:
11257:
11248:
11240:
11221:
11213:
11204:
11195:
11164:
11142:
11134:
11128:
11120:
11118:
11117:
11084:
11075:
11052:Monumenta Serica
11046:
11027:
10967:
10959:
10957:
10955:
10931:
10922:
10913:
10896:(Second Edition)
10884:
10857:
10849:
10833:
10815:
10806:
10786:
10775:
10766:
10741:
10732:
10713:
10704:
10695:
10686:
10657:
10648:
10640:
10632:Formosa Betrayed
10622:
10603:
10584:
10565:
10556:
10554:
10539:
10529:
10510:
10501:
10491:
10461:
10453:
10445:
10436:
10417:
10408:
10399:
10381:
10379:10.1038/35001685
10349:
10341:
10319:
10300:
10296:978-90-0416507-6
10281:
10262:
10243:
10235:
10233:
10218:
10205:
10176:
10144:
10106:
10098:
10076:
10068:
10049:
10037:
10006:
9984:
9982:
9981:
9975:
9969:, archived from
9948:
9938:
9914:
9904:
9895:
9877:
9857:
9844:
9831:
9818:
9805:
9792:
9779:
9766:
9753:
9740:
9727:
9714:
9689:
9688:
9677:
9671:
9670:
9659:
9653:
9652:
9650:
9649:
9634:
9628:
9627:
9625:
9624:
9609:
9603:
9602:
9600:
9598:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9548:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9537:
9522:
9516:
9515:
9504:
9498:
9497:
9495:
9493:
9477:
9471:
9470:
9459:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9448:
9433:
9427:
9426:
9414:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9403:
9384:
9378:
9377:
9366:
9360:
9359:
9348:
9342:
9341:
9329:
9323:
9317:
9311:
9306:
9300:
9299:
9288:
9282:
9279:
9273:
9270:
9264:
9258:
9252:
9246:
9240:
9234:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9224:
9215:. Archived from
9209:
9203:
9197:
9191:
9190:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9148:
9142:
9136:
9130:
9129:
9127:
9125:
9109:
9103:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9064:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9054:
9039:
9033:
9027:
9021:
9020:
9018:
9017:
9008:. Archived from
9002:
8996:
8995:
8963:
8957:
8944:
8938:
8937:
8917:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8883:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8845:
8839:
8838:
8827:Washington, D.C.
8824:
8815:
8809:
8808:
8781:
8775:
8774:
8763:
8757:
8756:
8741:Washington, D.C.
8729:
8723:
8722:
8698:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8687:
8669:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8660:
8647:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8638:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8615:
8604:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8594:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8569:
8568:
8560:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8547:
8546:
8538:
8532:
8531:
8530:
8525:
8524:
8516:
8510:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8496:
8490:. pp. 1–3.
8489:
8477:
8471:
8470:
8447:
8441:
8440:
8402:
8391:
8385:
8379:
8378:
8373:
8372:
8356:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8336:. Archived from
8330:
8321:
8320:
8313:
8304:
8298:
8287:
8281:
8275:
8269:
8263:
8257:
8251:
8250:
8231:
8225:
8219:
8210:
8204:
8198:
8192:
8186:
8180:
8174:
8168:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8141:
8135:
8132:Takekoshi (1907)
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8105:
8099:
8093:
8087:
8081:
8075:
8069:
8063:
8057:
8051:
8045:
8036:
8030:
8024:
8018:
8012:
8006:
8000:
7994:
7988:
7982:
7976:
7970:
7964:
7958:
7952:
7946:
7940:
7934:
7928:
7922:
7913:
7907:
7901:
7895:
7889:
7883:
7877:
7871:
7862:
7856:
7850:
7844:
7838:
7832:
7826:
7820:
7814:
7808:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7772:
7766:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7731:
7725:
7716:
7710:
7704:
7698:
7687:
7681:
7672:
7666:
7660:
7654:
7648:
7642:
7636:
7630:
7624:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7576:
7570:
7564:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7506:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7489:
7480:
7474:
7468:
7459:
7453:
7444:
7438:
7432:
7426:
7420:
7414:
7408:
7402:
7396:
7390:
7384:
7378:
7369:
7368:, pp. 4–18.
7363:
7357:
7351:
7340:
7334:
7328:
7317:
7311:
7305:
7299:
7293:
7287:
7281:
7275:
7269:
7263:
7257:
7251:
7245:
7239:
7233:
7227:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7203:
7197:
7191:
7185:
7179:
7173:
7167:
7161:
7155:
7149:
7143:
7142:, p. 53–54.
7137:
7131:
7125:
7119:
7113:
7107:
7101:
7095:
7089:
7083:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7026:
7020:
7019:
6999:
6990:
6984:
6978:
6972:
6961:
6960:
6959:. 17 April 2016.
6953:
6942:
6941:, p. 82–83.
6936:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6897:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6849:
6843:
6834:
6828:
6822:
6821:, p. 63–64.
6816:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6797:, p. 61–62.
6792:
6786:
6785:
6778:
6772:
6771:, p. 60–61.
6766:
6760:
6759:, p. 59–60.
6754:
6748:
6742:
6736:
6735:, p. 56–57.
6730:
6724:
6718:
6712:
6711:, p. 55–56.
6706:
6700:
6694:
6688:
6682:
6676:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6652:
6646:
6637:
6631:
6625:
6619:
6613:
6607:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6503:
6502:, p. 49–50.
6497:
6491:
6485:
6479:
6478:, p. 47–49.
6473:
6467:
6466:, p. 46–47.
6461:
6455:
6454:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6433:
6427:
6426:, p. 50–55.
6421:
6412:
6406:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6366:
6360:
6359:
6342:"Entry #60161".
6339:
6333:
6327:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6289:
6283:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6226:
6220:
6214:
6208:
6202:
6196:
6190:
6184:
6178:
6172:
6166:
6160:
6154:
6148:
6142:
6136:
6130:
6124:
6118:
6112:
6106:
6100:
6094:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5930:
5924:
5918:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5739:
5733:
5724:
5723:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5563:
5557:
5542:
5536:
5527:
5521:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5499:, pp. 1–29.
5494:
5488:
5485:
5479:
5473:
5467:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5425:
5416:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5347:
5341:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5276:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5190:
5184:. Archived from
5169:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5136:
5130:
5124:
5118:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5044:978-0-23112855-1
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4946:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4822:
4821:
4806:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4638:
4628:
4618:
4601:(20830): 20830.
4586:
4580:
4579:
4569:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4515:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4456:
4455:
4438:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4411:Changbin Culture
4408:
4402:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4240:
4234:
4225:
4219:
4195:
4192:
3988:Legislative Yuan
3960:, KMT candidate
3876:Tangwai movement
3859:Chiang Ching-kuo
3857:, while his son
3831:Chiang Ching-kuo
3701:Retrocession Day
3635:President Truman
3601:Treaty of Taipei
3457:
3406:
3137:
3103:Taishō Democracy
3032:
3016:Armed resistance
2929:Armed resistance
2915:Japanese Emperor
2908:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2789:End of Qing rule
2761:Sébastien Lespès
2757:Keelung Campaign
2693:and 54 from the
2599:
2585:
2571:
2557:
2543:
2516:
2293:
1956:
1955:
1944:villages and 61
1924:). To the Qing,
1909:Qianlong Emperor
1825:
1816:
1775:
1673:Battle of Penghu
1637:, the father of
1548:Map showing the
1309:Chinese settlers
1279:romanized script
1082:beautiful island
880:Lianjiang County
840:Niaosung Culture
778:rice cultivation
746:Changbin culture
739:Zuojhen District
717:Late Pleistocene
695:
694:
681:
680:
667:
666:
653:
652:
639:
638:
632:
488:immigrants from
474:Spanish fortress
440:(1271–1368) and
422:island of Taiwan
406:
405:
382:
381:
380:T'ai-wan li-shih
368:
367:
366:Tair'uan lihshyy
354:
353:
330:
329:
316:
315:
295:
294:
285:
278:
271:
257:
256:
255:
66:
65:
53:
43:
25:
24:
13625:
13624:
13620:
13619:
13618:
13616:
13615:
13614:
13600:
13599:
13598:
13588:
13586:
13576:
13574:
13566:
13564:
13559:
13531:
13499:
13490:
13471:Northern Cyprus
13457:
13450:
13192:
13190:History of Asia
13187:
13157:
13152:
13104:
12969:
12940:Public holidays
12913:Sex trafficking
12908:Organized crime
12882:
12750:
12691:
12648:
12647:
12616:
12535:
12459:
12410:De-Sinicization
12368:
12330:
12321:
12268:Law enforcement
12200:
12195:
12186:
12185:
12153:
12100:Endemic species
12063:
12062:
12040:
12034:Mandarin policy
11984:Spanish Formosa
11943:
11930:
11921:
11882:Wayback Machine
11869:
11848:Wayback Machine
11836:Wayback Machine
11819:
11814:
11795:
11781:10.2307/3773928
11766:
11763:
11741:
11726:
11725:
11723:, Arlington VA.
11718:
11712:
11699:
11661:
11652:
11643:
11628:
11627:
11620:
11614:
11601:
11586:
11585:
11578:
11569:
11561:
11559:
11533:
11521:
11515:
11502:
11481:
11469:
11463:
11450:
11435:
11429:
11416:
11407:
11399:
11397:
11385:
11376:
11370:
11357:
11343:
11328:
11324:
11319:
11313:
11304:
11282:
11237:
11184:
11170:Blussé, Leonard
11161:
11147:Blussé, Leonard
11122:
11121:
11115:
11113:
11043:
11000:10.2307/1775915
10953:
10951:
10949:
10910:
10881:
10831:
10795:
10729:
10619:
10600:
10581:
10552:
10537:
10526:
10433:
10316:
10297:
10278:
10259:
10231:
10216:
10194:10.2307/2761227
10182:Pacific Affairs
10165:
10133:
10065:
10034:
10020:Blussé, Leonard
10004:
9979:
9977:
9973:
9946:
9935:
9912:
9893:
9875:
9697:
9692:
9679:
9678:
9674:
9661:
9660:
9656:
9647:
9645:
9635:
9631:
9622:
9620:
9611:
9610:
9606:
9596:
9594:
9577:
9573:
9563:
9561:
9549:
9545:
9535:
9533:
9524:
9523:
9519:
9506:
9505:
9501:
9491:
9489:
9478:
9474:
9461:
9460:
9456:
9446:
9444:
9434:
9430:
9415:
9411:
9401:
9399:
9385:
9381:
9368:
9367:
9363:
9350:
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9298:. 13 June 2008.
9296:origins.osu.edu
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9013:
9004:
9003:
8999:
8984:10.2307/2752241
8972:Pacific Affairs
8964:
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8954:Wayback Machine
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8290:
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8266:
8258:
8254:
8247:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8222:Rubinstein 1999
8220:
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8207:Rubinstein 1999
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7983:
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7973:Rubinstein 1999
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7865:
7857:
7853:
7847:Rubinstein 1999
7845:
7841:
7835:Rubinstein 1999
7833:
7829:
7823:Rubinstein 1999
7821:
7817:
7809:
7802:
7796:Rubinstein 1999
7794:
7790:
7782:
7775:
7769:Rubinstein 1999
7767:
7763:
7757:Rubinstein 1999
7755:
7751:
7743:
7734:
7728:Rubinstein 1999
7726:
7719:
7713:Rubinstein 1999
7711:
7707:
7701:Rubinstein 1999
7699:
7690:
7684:Rubinstein 1999
7682:
7675:
7669:Rubinstein 1999
7667:
7663:
7657:Rubinstein 1999
7655:
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7487:
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7462:
7454:
7447:
7439:
7435:
7427:
7423:
7417:Rubinstein 1999
7415:
7411:
7403:
7399:
7391:
7387:
7381:Rubinstein 1999
7379:
7372:
7364:
7360:
7354:Rubinstein 1999
7352:
7343:
7337:Rubinstein 1999
7335:
7331:
7318:
7314:
7306:
7302:
7296:Davidson (1903)
7294:
7290:
7284:Rubinstein 1999
7282:
7278:
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6993:
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6918:
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6898:
6891:
6883:
6879:
6871:
6867:
6859:
6852:
6846:Rubinstein 1999
6844:
6837:
6831:Rubinstein 1999
6829:
6825:
6817:
6813:
6805:
6801:
6793:
6789:
6780:
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6739:
6731:
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6715:
6707:
6703:
6695:
6691:
6683:
6679:
6673:Rubinstein 1999
6671:
6667:
6659:
6655:
6649:Rubinstein 1999
6647:
6640:
6632:
6628:
6620:
6616:
6610:Rubinstein 1999
6608:
6601:
6593:
6589:
6581:
6577:
6569:
6565:
6559:Rubinstein 1999
6557:
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5985:
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5949:
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5909:
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5885:
5877:
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5865:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5805:
5797:
5793:
5785:
5781:
5775:Clements (2004)
5773:
5769:
5761:
5757:
5749:
5742:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5704:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5657:
5653:
5647:Clements (2004)
5645:
5641:
5631:Campbell (1903)
5629:
5625:
5617:
5613:
5607:Campbell (1903)
5605:
5601:
5593:
5589:
5581:
5566:
5558:
5545:
5537:
5530:
5522:
5515:
5507:
5503:
5497:Shepherd (1993)
5495:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5474:
5470:
5462:
5458:
5452:Campbell (1915)
5450:
5446:
5440:Shepherd (1993)
5438:
5434:
5426:
5419:
5413:Shepherd (1993)
5411:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5365:
5357:
5350:
5344:van Veen (2003)
5342:
5338:
5332:Shepherd (1993)
5330:
5326:
5320:van Veen (2003)
5318:
5314:
5306:
5302:
5294:
5290:
5267:(232): 87–125.
5255:
5251:
5243:
5239:
5231:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5207:
5203:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5167:
5161:
5157:
5149:
5145:
5137:
5133:
5125:
5121:
5113:
5109:
5101:
5076:
5068:
5064:
5060:, pp. 2–9.
5056:
5052:
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5014:
5010:
5002:
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4990:
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4894:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4868:
4866:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4825:
4819:
4812:
4811:古代の奄美・沖縄諸島と国際社会
4807:
4803:
4795:
4791:
4785:Wayback Machine
4776:
4772:
4764:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
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4713:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4685:
4677:
4673:
4661:
4657:
4640:
4639:
4587:
4583:
4537:
4533:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4465:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4428:
4418:Wayback Machine
4409:
4405:
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4325:
4321:
4313:
4306:
4294:
4292:
4289:"UK Parliament"
4287:
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4270:
4268:
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4250:
4243:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4129:History of Asia
4095:
4018:New Taipei City
3892:
3847:
3835:Chiang Kai-shek
3777:
3733:Chiang Kai-shek
3678:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3647:
3582:Chiang Kai-shek
3568:(including the
3538:Chiang Kai-shek
3530:
3524:
3448:
3444:in October 1944
3435:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:Japanese Empire
3412:
3407:
3365:
3336:
3254:
3217:
3181:
3156:Itagaki Taisuke
3152:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3095:Chiang Wei-shui
3072:
3050:Tapani Incident
3046:Saisiyat people
3026:
2941:
2933:Main articles:
2931:
2900:
2885:
2870:
2855:Mutsu Munemitsu
2831:Empire of Japan
2823:
2813:
2807:
2791:
2753:Sino-French War
2665:First Opium War
2660:Lord Palmerston
2621:Departure of a
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2591:
2586:
2577:
2572:
2563:
2558:
2549:
2544:
2535:
2517:
2460:The Capture of
2430:
2381:Sino-French War
2347:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2294:
1946:guihua shengfan
1935:guihua shengfan
1837:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1776:
1764:Fujian Province
1751:
1745:
1732:
1726:
1675:
1659:
1639:Zheng Chenggong
1617:
1584:
1512:
1485:Dongdu Mingjing
1481:
1476:
1455:
1382:Zheng Chenggong
1363:
1311:
1253:
1223:
1175:
1173:Spanish Formosa
1169:
1167:Spanish Formosa
1149:
1125:
1101:Battle of Macau
1047:
1041:
1024:
1016:creole language
974:dongyang zhenlu
889:
860:
713:
712:
711:
709:
703:
702:
701:
700:
696:
688:
687:
686:
682:
674:
673:
672:
668:
660:
659:
658:
654:
646:
645:
644:
640:
624:
618:
612:
572:Chiang Kai-shek
464:in present-day
404:Tâi-oân le̍k-sú
360:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
321:Literal meaning
289:
253:
251:
90:Spanish Formosa
41:
34:
23:
12:
11:
5:
13623:
13613:
13612:
13597:
13596:
13584:
13561:
13560:
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13530:
13529:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
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13501:
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13488:
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13438:
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13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
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13323:
13318:
13313:
13308:
13303:
13298:
13293:
13288:
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13278:
13273:
13268:
13263:
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13218:
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13194:
13193:
13186:
13185:
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13151:
13150:
13138:
13126:
13113:
13110:
13109:
13106:
13105:
13103:
13102:
13097:
13096:
13095:
13085:
13083:Taiwanese wave
13080:
13075:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13050:
13045:
13040:
13035:
13030:
13025:
13023:Glove puppetry
13020:
13015:
13010:
13005:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12979:
12977:
12971:
12970:
12968:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12955:Taiwan studies
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12916:
12915:
12910:
12900:
12894:
12892:
12888:
12887:
12884:
12883:
12881:
12880:
12875:
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12869:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12843:
12842:
12841:
12836:
12831:
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12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
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12771:
12760:
12758:
12752:
12751:
12749:
12748:
12747:
12746:
12741:
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12714:
12708:
12706:
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12679:
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12650:
12649:
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12645:
12640:
12637:
12634:
12630:
12622:
12621:
12618:
12617:
12615:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12602:Transportation
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12579:
12577:Taiwan Miracle
12574:
12572:Stock exchange
12569:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12531:
12526:
12525:
12524:
12519:
12509:
12508:
12507:
12502:
12492:
12487:
12486:
12485:
12480:
12469:
12467:
12461:
12460:
12458:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12400:Chinese Taipei
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12376:
12374:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12355:
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12333:
12331:
12326:
12323:
12322:
12320:
12319:
12314:
12309:
12308:
12307:
12305:Vice President
12302:
12297:
12287:
12282:
12281:
12280:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12254:
12253:
12243:
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12237:
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12226:
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12216:
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12214:
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12188:
12187:
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12173:
12167:
12159:
12158:
12155:
12154:
12152:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12129:National parks
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12097:
12092:
12087:
12082:
12077:
12071:
12069:
12065:
12064:
12061:
12060:
12054:
12046:
12045:
12042:
12041:
12039:
12038:
12037:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11965:
11964:
11954:
11948:
11945:
11944:
11932:
11931:
11920:
11919:
11912:
11905:
11897:
11891:
11890:
11884:
11872:
11863:
11857:
11854:Taiwan History
11851:
11838:
11826:
11818:
11817:External links
11815:
11813:
11812:
11802:
11793:
11775:(2): 153–164,
11762:
11759:
11758:
11757:
11739:
11716:
11710:
11697:
11688:
11670:(2): 179–196,
11659:
11650:
11641:
11625:, Seattle, WA.
11618:
11612:
11599:
11576:
11567:
11540:
11531:
11519:
11513:
11500:
11490:(4): 302–315,
11479:
11467:
11461:
11448:
11446:on 2006-08-30.
11433:
11427:
11414:
11405:
11383:
11374:
11368:
11354:
11353:
11341:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11317:
11311:
11295:
11286:
11280:
11274:, SUNY Press,
11267:
11258:
11249:
11241:
11235:
11222:
11214:
11205:
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11182:
11165:
11159:
11143:
11135:
11085:
11076:
11047:
11041:
11028:
10968:
10960:
10947:
10932:
10923:
10914:
10908:
10885:
10879:
10858:
10850:
10842:
10829:
10816:
10807:
10793:
10776:
10767:
10757:(2): 129–160,
10742:
10733:
10727:
10714:
10705:
10696:
10687:
10669:(2): 257–281,
10658:
10649:
10641:
10627:Kerr, George H
10623:
10617:
10604:
10598:
10585:
10579:
10566:
10557:
10555:on 2012-10-15.
10530:
10524:
10511:
10509:, Anthem Press
10502:
10480:10.1086/510412
10462:
10454:
10446:
10437:
10431:
10418:
10409:
10400:
10350:
10342:
10320:
10314:
10301:
10295:
10282:
10277:978-0786474707
10276:
10263:
10257:
10244:
10236:
10234:on 2012-04-18.
10206:
10177:
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10145:
10131:
10107:
10099:
10077:
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10038:
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9939:
9933:
9905:
9896:
9891:
9878:
9874:978-0691144559
9873:
9858:
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9832:
9819:
9806:
9793:
9780:
9767:
9754:
9741:
9728:
9715:
9703:Andrade, Tonio
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9690:
9672:
9654:
9629:
9604:
9571:
9543:
9517:
9499:
9472:
9469:. 17 May 2019.
9454:
9428:
9409:
9379:
9361:
9343:
9324:
9312:
9301:
9283:
9274:
9265:
9253:
9241:
9229:
9204:
9192:
9157:
9154:. 6 June 2010.
9143:
9131:
9120:. Taipei Times
9104:
9092:
9085:
9059:
9034:
9022:
8997:
8978:(3): 311–324.
8958:
8939:
8932:
8912:
8898:(in Chinese).
8878:
8864:(in Chinese).
8840:
8810:
8796:
8776:
8758:
8724:
8713:
8693:
8664:
8642:
8620:
8599:
8577:
8570:(in Japanese)
8555:
8548:(in Japanese)
8533:
8526:(in Japanese)
8511:
8483:(1949-03-14).
8472:
8462:
8442:
8417:
8392:
8390:, p. 173.
8380:
8351:
8322:
8305:
8303:, p. 2–4.
8288:
8276:
8264:
8262:, p. 182.
8252:
8245:
8226:
8211:
8209:, p. 235.
8199:
8197:, p. 195.
8187:
8175:
8173:, p. 116.
8160:
8158:, p. 197.
8148:
8136:
8124:
8112:
8100:
8098:, p. 119.
8088:
8086:, p. 129.
8076:
8074:, p. 118.
8064:
8062:, p. 122.
8052:
8037:
8035:, p. 201.
8025:
8013:
8001:
7989:
7987:, p. 106.
7977:
7965:
7963:, p. 115.
7953:
7941:
7929:
7927:, p. 193.
7914:
7902:
7900:, p. 191.
7890:
7888:, p. 183.
7878:
7876:, p. 192.
7863:
7851:
7839:
7837:, p. 239.
7827:
7815:
7813:, p. 181.
7800:
7798:, p. 243.
7788:
7773:
7771:, p. 221.
7761:
7749:
7732:
7717:
7715:, p. 242.
7705:
7703:, p. 240.
7688:
7686:, p. 230.
7673:
7661:
7659:, p. 219.
7649:
7637:
7635:, p. 333.
7625:
7613:
7601:
7599:, p. 329.
7589:
7577:
7575:, p. 113.
7565:
7563:, p. 134.
7553:
7546:
7527:
7520:
7501:
7475:
7460:
7445:
7443:, p. 515.
7433:
7431:, p. 110.
7421:
7419:, p. 208.
7409:
7407:, p. 561.
7397:
7385:
7383:, p. 207.
7370:
7358:
7341:
7329:
7312:
7310:, p. 327.
7300:
7298:, p. 293.
7288:
7286:, p. 203.
7276:
7274:, p. 514.
7264:
7262:, p. 162.
7252:
7240:
7228:
7216:
7204:
7192:
7180:
7168:
7166:, p. 132.
7156:
7144:
7132:
7120:
7108:
7096:
7084:
7082:, p. 119.
7072:
7060:
7058:, p. 197.
7048:
7041:
7021:
7014:
6991:
6979:
6977:, p. 225.
6975:Standaert 2022
6962:
6943:
6928:
6926:, p. 106.
6916:
6904:
6902:, p. 228.
6900:Twitchett 2002
6889:
6877:
6865:
6850:
6848:, p. 191.
6835:
6823:
6811:
6799:
6787:
6773:
6761:
6749:
6737:
6725:
6713:
6701:
6689:
6677:
6675:, p. 331.
6665:
6663:, p. 161.
6653:
6651:, p. 177.
6638:
6626:
6614:
6612:, p. 136.
6599:
6597:, p. 156.
6587:
6585:, p. 155.
6575:
6563:
6528:
6516:
6504:
6492:
6480:
6468:
6456:
6442:
6428:
6413:
6398:
6386:
6379:
6361:
6334:
6319:
6307:
6305:, p. 194.
6290:
6288:, p. 193.
6278:
6276:, p. 146.
6274:Twitchett 2002
6266:
6254:
6242:
6240:, p. 187.
6227:
6215:
6203:
6191:
6179:
6167:
6155:
6143:
6131:
6119:
6117:, p. 152.
6107:
6095:
6083:
6071:
6069:, p. 116.
6059:
6057:, p. 211.
6047:
6035:
6033:, p. 160.
6020:
6008:
6006:, p. 210.
5991:
5989:, p. 115.
5979:
5977:, p. 196.
5967:
5965:, p. 208.
5955:
5953:, p. 157.
5943:
5931:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5893:, p. 138.
5883:
5871:
5859:
5857:, p. 109.
5847:
5845:, p. 106.
5835:
5833:, p. 110.
5823:
5791:
5779:
5777:, p. 215.
5767:
5755:
5753:, p. 209.
5740:
5725:
5719:978-1316453841
5718:
5698:
5696:, p. 207.
5686:
5651:
5639:
5623:
5621:, p. 138.
5611:
5609:, p. 544.
5599:
5587:
5564:
5543:
5528:
5513:
5509:Keliher (2003)
5501:
5489:
5480:
5468:
5466:, p. 151.
5456:
5444:
5442:, p. 366.
5432:
5430:, p. 246.
5417:
5402:
5383:Lee, Yuchung.
5375:
5363:
5348:
5346:, p. 149.
5336:
5324:
5322:, p. 142.
5312:
5300:
5288:
5249:
5237:
5225:
5213:
5201:
5180:
5155:
5143:
5131:
5119:
5107:
5074:
5062:
5050:
5043:
5029:Andrade, Tonio
5020:
5008:
4996:
4994:, p. 178.
4984:
4958:
4917:
4900:
4888:
4886:, p. 7–8.
4876:
4850:
4823:
4801:
4799:, p. 201.
4789:
4770:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4691:Diamond (2000)
4683:
4671:
4663:Tapenkeng Site
4655:
4581:
4552:(3): 309–326.
4546:Human Genetics
4531:
4498:(3): 426–436.
4478:
4463:
4426:
4403:
4393:2012-07-15 at
4380:
4343:(6037): 6037.
4319:
4304:
4280:
4256:
4241:
4226:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4156:Knowing Taiwan
4152:
4143:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4094:
4091:
3947:Sean McCormack
3916:Chen Yi-hsiung
3908:Chen Shui-bian
3891:
3888:
3880:mainland China
3846:
3843:
3817:hyperinflation
3776:
3773:
3755:and moved his
3745:fled to Taiwan
3667:
3664:
3649:Main article:
3646:
3643:
3536:Generalissimo
3526:Main article:
3523:
3520:
3424:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3364:
3361:
3335:
3332:
3253:
3250:
3234:in 1937, the "
3216:
3213:
3180:
3177:
3151:
3148:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3071:
3068:
3042:Beipu uprising
3004:Koo Hsien-jung
2998:soldiers from
2930:
2927:
2809:Main article:
2806:
2803:
2790:
2787:
2769:Amédée Courbet
2729:Ryukyu Kingdom
2725:Mudan incident
2645:Evacuation of
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2524:Makatao people
2518:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2429:
2426:
2363:Mudan Incident
2346:
2343:
2335:Zhuoshui River
2311:
2308:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
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2255:
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2241:
2239:
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2231:
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2211:
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2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
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2191:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2167:
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2159:
2157:
2155:
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2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2125:
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2120:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2105:
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2100:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1890:Kangxi Emperor
1836:
1833:
1793:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1744:
1741:
1728:Main article:
1725:
1722:
1718:Zheng Keshuang
1695:Zheng Keshuang
1671:Main article:
1666:Zheng Keshuang
1658:
1655:
1616:
1613:
1588:Six Ministries
1583:
1580:
1567:Geng Jingzhong
1511:
1508:
1491:) was renamed
1480:
1477:
1472:Main article:
1454:
1451:
1362:
1359:
1355:attacked Sakam
1310:
1307:
1291:Dutch language
1239:Fort Zeelandia
1222:
1219:
1179:Spanish Empire
1171:Main article:
1168:
1165:
1148:
1147:Japanese trade
1145:
1124:
1121:
1117:Fort Provintia
1113:Fort Zeelandia
1055:Fort Provintia
1043:Main article:
1040:
1037:
1023:
1020:
950:Ryukyu Kingdom
927:slash-and-burn
893:Three Kingdoms
885:Main article:
859:
856:
774:slash-and-burn
705:
704:
698:
697:
690:
689:
684:
683:
676:
675:
670:
669:
662:
661:
656:
655:
648:
647:
642:
641:
634:
633:
627:
626:
625:
614:Main article:
611:
608:
600:Taiwan Miracle
560:mainland China
533:Southeast Asia
466:Anping, Tainan
432:. People from
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
400:
391:
390:
384:
383:
376:
370:
369:
362:
356:
355:
348:
342:
341:
335:
334:
333:Transcriptions
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300:
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291:
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221:
220:
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194:
193:
188:
183:
178:
176:Historiography
173:
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150:
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146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
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106:
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95:
92:
86:
85:
82:
76:
75:
72:
62:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
36:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13622:
13611:
13608:
13607:
13605:
13595:
13585:
13583:
13573:
13572:
13569:
13556:
13552:
13548:
13546:
13538:
13537:
13534:
13528:
13525:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13504:
13502:
13497:
13493:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13481:South Ossetia
13479:
13477:
13474:
13472:
13469:
13467:
13464:
13463:
13461:
13459:
13453:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13203:
13201:
13199:
13195:
13191:
13184:
13179:
13177:
13172:
13170:
13165:
13164:
13161:
13149:
13148:
13139:
13137:
13136:
13131:
13127:
13125:
13124:
13115:
13114:
13111:
13101:
13098:
13094:
13091:
13090:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13048:Night markets
13046:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13003:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12980:
12978:
12976:
12972:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12905:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12895:
12893:
12889:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12873:Sign Language
12871:
12867:
12866:Matsu dialect
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12848:
12847:
12844:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12766:
12765:
12762:
12761:
12759:
12757:
12753:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12731:
12730:
12727:
12723:
12722:Ethnic groups
12720:
12719:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12709:
12707:
12705:
12701:
12698:
12694:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12677:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12655:
12651:
12644:
12641:
12638:
12635:
12632:
12631:
12627:
12623:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12514:
12513:
12510:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12500:List of banks
12498:
12497:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12484:
12481:
12479:
12476:
12475:
12474:
12471:
12470:
12468:
12466:
12462:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
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12431:
12428:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12377:
12375:
12371:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12339:
12338:
12335:
12334:
12332:
12329:
12324:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12293:
12292:
12291:
12288:
12286:
12283:
12279:
12276:
12275:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12252:
12249:
12248:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12235:
12232:
12231:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12224:Civil defense
12222:
12220:
12217:
12213:
12210:
12209:
12208:
12205:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12168:
12164:
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12150:
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12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12091:
12090:Deforestation
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12072:
12070:
12066:
12059:
12056:
12055:
12051:
12047:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12019:Guanbi policy
12017:
12015:
12012:
12011:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
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11982:
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11979:Dutch Formosa
11977:
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11713:
11711:1-56324-816-6
11707:
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11638:
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11624:
11619:
11615:
11613:957-638-334-X
11609:
11605:
11600:
11596:
11590:
11582:
11577:
11573:
11568:
11558:on 2007-08-01
11557:
11553:
11549:
11545:
11544:Huang, Fu-san
11541:
11537:
11532:
11528:
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11520:
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11514:9780415226486
11510:
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11468:
11464:
11462:1-55729-048-2
11458:
11454:
11449:
11445:
11441:
11440:
11434:
11430:
11428:0-520-23424-3
11424:
11420:
11415:
11411:
11406:
11396:on 2007-09-27
11395:
11391:
11390:
11384:
11380:
11375:
11371:
11369:0-520-23182-1
11365:
11361:
11356:
11355:
11350:
11346:
11342:
11338:
11334:
11333:
11327:
11326:
11314:
11312:957-08-1826-3
11308:
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11183:9789867602008
11179:
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11162:
11160:0-936127-09-0
11156:
11152:
11148:
11144:
11141:
11136:
11132:
11126:
11112:on 2012-03-25
11111:
11107:
11103:
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10848:
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10840:957-638-311-0
10837:
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10794:9780801488054
10790:
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10170:
10166:
10164:957-638-377-3
10160:
10156:
10155:
10150:
10146:
10142:
10138:
10134:
10132:9789576380839
10128:
10124:
10120:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10105:
10100:
10096:
10092:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10078:
10075:
10070:
10066:
10060:
10056:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10042:Blust, Robert
10039:
10035:
10033:9789867602008
10029:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10014:
10013:957-99767-7-5
10010:
10005:
10003:957-99767-2-4
9999:
9995:
9991:
9986:
9976:on 2014-02-12
9972:
9968:
9964:
9960:
9956:
9952:
9945:
9940:
9936:
9934:9789719429203
9930:
9926:
9922:
9918:
9911:
9906:
9902:
9897:
9894:
9888:
9884:
9879:
9876:
9870:
9866:
9865:
9859:
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9851:
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9842:
9838:
9833:
9829:
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9816:
9812:
9807:
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9799:
9794:
9790:
9786:
9781:
9777:
9773:
9768:
9764:
9760:
9755:
9751:
9747:
9742:
9738:
9734:
9729:
9725:
9721:
9716:
9712:
9708:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9695:Cited sources
9686:
9682:
9676:
9668:
9664:
9658:
9644:
9640:
9633:
9618:
9617:Bloomberg.com
9614:
9608:
9592:
9588:
9587:
9582:
9575:
9560:
9559:
9554:
9547:
9531:
9527:
9521:
9513:
9509:
9503:
9487:
9483:
9476:
9468:
9464:
9458:
9443:
9439:
9432:
9424:
9420:
9413:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9383:
9375:
9371:
9365:
9357:
9353:
9347:
9339:
9335:
9328:
9321:
9316:
9310:
9305:
9297:
9293:
9287:
9278:
9269:
9262:
9257:
9250:
9245:
9238:
9233:
9219:on 2013-04-19
9218:
9214:
9208:
9201:
9196:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9161:
9153:
9147:
9141:, p. 50.
9140:
9135:
9119:
9115:
9108:
9101:
9096:
9088:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9063:
9048:
9044:
9038:
9031:
9026:
9012:on 2016-04-16
9011:
9007:
9001:
8993:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8973:
8969:
8962:
8955:
8951:
8948:
8943:
8935:
8929:
8925:
8924:
8916:
8901:
8897:
8896:
8895:Liberty Times
8891:
8882:
8867:
8863:
8862:
8861:Liberty Times
8857:
8853:
8844:
8837:
8833:. p. 4.
8832:
8828:
8821:
8814:
8807:
8805:
8799:
8797:90-411-0929-3
8793:
8789:
8788:
8780:
8773:
8768:
8762:
8755:
8750:
8746:
8742:
8738:
8734:
8728:
8721:
8716:
8714:90-411-0929-3
8710:
8706:
8705:
8697:
8681:
8680:
8675:
8668:
8654:
8653:
8646:
8632:
8631:
8630:UK Parliament
8624:
8609:
8603:
8588:
8581:
8566:
8559:
8544:
8537:
8522:
8515:
8508:
8493:
8486:
8482:
8476:
8469:
8465:
8463:90-411-0929-3
8459:
8455:
8454:
8446:
8439:
8437:
8436:terra nullius
8430:
8426:
8420:
8418:90-411-0929-3
8414:
8410:
8409:
8401:
8399:
8397:
8389:
8384:
8377:
8366:
8362:
8355:
8340:on 2011-07-28
8339:
8335:
8329:
8327:
8318:
8312:
8310:
8302:
8297:
8295:
8293:
8285:
8280:
8273:
8268:
8261:
8256:
8248:
8246:9781783086887
8242:
8238:
8237:
8230:
8223:
8218:
8216:
8208:
8203:
8196:
8191:
8185:, p. 54.
8184:
8179:
8172:
8167:
8165:
8157:
8152:
8145:
8140:
8133:
8128:
8121:
8116:
8109:
8104:
8097:
8092:
8085:
8080:
8073:
8068:
8061:
8056:
8049:
8044:
8042:
8034:
8029:
8023:, p. 90.
8022:
8017:
8010:
8005:
7998:
7993:
7986:
7981:
7974:
7969:
7962:
7957:
7950:
7945:
7938:
7933:
7926:
7921:
7919:
7911:
7906:
7899:
7894:
7887:
7882:
7875:
7870:
7868:
7860:
7855:
7848:
7843:
7836:
7831:
7824:
7819:
7812:
7807:
7805:
7797:
7792:
7785:
7780:
7778:
7770:
7765:
7758:
7753:
7746:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7729:
7724:
7722:
7714:
7709:
7702:
7697:
7695:
7693:
7685:
7680:
7678:
7670:
7665:
7658:
7653:
7646:
7641:
7634:
7629:
7622:
7617:
7610:
7605:
7598:
7593:
7586:
7581:
7574:
7569:
7562:
7557:
7549:
7547:9781135790394
7543:
7539:
7538:
7531:
7523:
7521:9781780239521
7517:
7513:
7512:
7505:
7490:. p. 113
7486:
7479:
7472:
7467:
7465:
7458:, p. 56.
7457:
7452:
7450:
7442:
7437:
7430:
7425:
7418:
7413:
7406:
7405:Davidson 1903
7401:
7395:, p. 95.
7394:
7389:
7382:
7377:
7375:
7367:
7366:Morris (2002)
7362:
7355:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7338:
7333:
7326:
7325:0-520-22553-8
7322:
7316:
7309:
7304:
7297:
7292:
7285:
7280:
7273:
7268:
7261:
7256:
7249:
7244:
7237:
7232:
7225:
7220:
7213:
7208:
7201:
7196:
7189:
7184:
7177:
7172:
7165:
7160:
7153:
7148:
7141:
7136:
7130:, p. 52.
7129:
7124:
7118:, p. 50.
7117:
7112:
7105:
7100:
7093:
7088:
7081:
7076:
7070:, p. 56.
7069:
7064:
7057:
7052:
7044:
7038:
7034:
7033:
7025:
7017:
7011:
7007:
7006:
6998:
6996:
6989:, p. 83.
6988:
6983:
6976:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6958:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6940:
6935:
6933:
6925:
6920:
6914:, p. 91.
6913:
6908:
6901:
6896:
6894:
6886:
6881:
6874:
6869:
6863:, p. 65.
6862:
6857:
6855:
6847:
6842:
6840:
6832:
6827:
6820:
6815:
6809:, p. 62.
6808:
6803:
6796:
6791:
6783:
6777:
6770:
6765:
6758:
6753:
6747:, p. 58.
6746:
6741:
6734:
6729:
6723:, p. 56.
6722:
6717:
6710:
6705:
6698:
6693:
6687:, p. 13.
6686:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6662:
6661:Shepherd 1993
6657:
6650:
6645:
6643:
6636:, p. 57.
6635:
6630:
6624:, p. 34.
6623:
6618:
6611:
6606:
6604:
6596:
6595:Shepherd 1993
6591:
6584:
6583:Shepherd 1993
6579:
6573:, p. 29.
6572:
6567:
6561:, p. 10.
6560:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6533:
6526:, p. 27.
6525:
6520:
6514:, p. 21.
6513:
6508:
6501:
6496:
6490:, p. 49.
6489:
6484:
6477:
6472:
6465:
6460:
6452:
6446:
6438:
6432:
6425:
6420:
6418:
6410:
6409:Shepherd 1993
6405:
6403:
6396:, p. 54.
6395:
6390:
6382:
6380:9789860109504
6376:
6372:
6365:
6357:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6338:
6332:, p. 51.
6331:
6326:
6324:
6316:
6315:Thompson 1964
6311:
6304:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6287:
6282:
6275:
6270:
6263:
6258:
6251:
6246:
6239:
6234:
6232:
6224:
6219:
6212:
6207:
6200:
6195:
6188:
6183:
6176:
6171:
6164:
6159:
6152:
6147:
6140:
6135:
6128:
6123:
6116:
6111:
6104:
6099:
6092:
6087:
6080:
6075:
6068:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6044:
6039:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6018:, p. 99.
6017:
6012:
6005:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5988:
5983:
5976:
5971:
5964:
5959:
5952:
5947:
5940:
5935:
5928:
5923:
5916:
5911:
5904:
5899:
5892:
5887:
5880:
5875:
5868:
5863:
5856:
5851:
5844:
5839:
5832:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5801:
5795:
5788:
5783:
5776:
5771:
5764:
5763:Spence (1999)
5759:
5752:
5747:
5745:
5737:
5732:
5730:
5721:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5702:
5695:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5643:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5620:
5619:Andrade 2011a
5615:
5608:
5603:
5597:, p. 63.
5596:
5591:
5584:
5583:Andrade 2008j
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5561:
5560:Andrade 2008h
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5540:
5539:Andrade 2008g
5535:
5533:
5525:
5524:Andrade 2008i
5520:
5518:
5511:, p. 32.
5510:
5505:
5498:
5493:
5484:
5478:, p. 16.
5477:
5472:
5465:
5464:Everts (2000)
5460:
5453:
5448:
5441:
5436:
5429:
5424:
5422:
5414:
5409:
5407:
5395:September 29,
5390:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5371:Everts (2000)
5367:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5345:
5340:
5334:, p. 37.
5333:
5328:
5321:
5316:
5309:
5304:
5297:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5234:
5229:
5222:
5221:Andrade 2008e
5217:
5211:, p. 91.
5210:
5205:
5191:on 2012-03-02
5187:
5183:
5177:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5147:
5140:
5135:
5129:, p. 79.
5128:
5127:Onnekink 2019
5123:
5117:, p. 50.
5116:
5111:
5104:
5103:Andrade 2008b
5099:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5071:
5066:
5059:
5054:
5046:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5018:, p. 10.
5017:
5012:
5005:
5004:Thompson 1964
5000:
4993:
4992:Thompson 1964
4988:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4913:Andrade 2008a
4909:
4907:
4905:
4897:
4896:Andrade 2008d
4892:
4885:
4880:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4846:Andrade 2008f
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4816:
4805:
4798:
4793:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4774:
4767:
4762:
4760:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4704:
4699:
4692:
4687:
4680:
4675:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4650:
4644:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4573:
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4509:
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4489:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4450:
4439:(Jan 2011).
4430:
4423:
4419:
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4412:
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4400:
4396:
4395:archive.today
4392:
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4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4119:Han Taiwanese
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4062:. The August
4061:
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4045:
4040:
4038:
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4029:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
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3909:
3905:
3896:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3867:Taiwanization
3864:
3863:secret police
3860:
3856:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3801:China Aid Act
3798:
3790:
3786:
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3772:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
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3607:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3562:Allied Powers
3560:of 1943, the
3559:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3519:
3516:
3515:comfort women
3511:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3443:
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3434:
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3416:
3411:
3405:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3369:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3323:Seediq people
3320:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3189:
3185:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3126:Seediq people
3123:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3044:by Hakka and
3043:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:left Taiwan.
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2984:Tang Jingsong
2981:
2978:force led by
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2898:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2832:
2829:A map of the
2827:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2737:invade Taiwan
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2713:Paiwan people
2710:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2653:By 1831, the
2648:
2643:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2604:
2603:Taokas people
2598:
2593:
2590:
2589:Babuza people
2584:
2579:
2576:
2575:Papora people
2570:
2565:
2562:
2561:Siraya people
2556:
2551:
2548:
2547:Hoanya people
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:Lin Shuangwen
2495:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2462:Lin Shuangwen
2458:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2389:Liu Mingchuan
2386:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1845:Taokas people
1841:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1750:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:Zheng Zhilong
1632:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1243:Dutch Formosa
1240:
1235:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1177:In 1626, the
1174:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:Murayama Tōan
1154:
1144:
1142:
1141:defeated them
1138:
1133:
1132:Zheng Zhilong
1129:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1045:Dutch Formosa
1033:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
956:
951:
947:
943:
940:(1271–1368),
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:relates that
908:
907:
902:
898:
894:
888:
881:
877:
872:
864:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
796:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:Sun Moon Lake
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
740:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
721:Taiwan Strait
718:
708:
631:
623:
617:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
413:
401:
399:
396:
392:
389:
385:
377:
375:
371:
363:
361:
357:
349:
347:
343:
340:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
311:
309:
305:
301:
296:
286:
281:
279:
274:
272:
267:
266:
264:
263:
260:
250:
249:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
224:
223:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
203:
202:
198:
197:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
157:
156:
152:
151:
143:
141:
138:
137:
133:
131:
130:Japanese rule
128:
127:
123:
121:
118:
117:
113:
111:
108:
107:
103:
101:
98:
97:
93:
91:
88:
87:
83:
81:
80:Dutch Formosa
78:
77:
73:
71:
68:
67:
64:
63:
60:
59:Chronological
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
38:
37:
32:
27:
26:
21:
16:
13496:Dependencies
13485:
13426:Turkmenistan
13391:Saudi Arabia
13145:
13133:
13121:
12950:Superlatives
12935:Prostitution
12898:Architecture
12704:Demographics
12505:Central bank
12483:Floriculture
12380:Conscription
12258:Intelligence
12246:Human rights
12229:Constitution
12144:Superlatives
12139:Scenic areas
12024:White Terror
11940:
11870:(in Chinese)
11806:Japan Review
11805:
11797:
11772:
11768:
11752:the original
11747:
11720:
11701:
11691:
11667:
11663:
11654:
11645:
11622:
11603:
11580:
11571:
11560:. Retrieved
11556:the original
11551:
11535:
11526:
11523:Hsu, Cho-yun
11504:
11487:
11483:
11474:
11452:
11444:the original
11438:
11418:
11409:
11398:, retrieved
11394:the original
11388:
11378:
11359:
11348:
11337:the original
11331:
11299:
11290:
11271:
11262:
11253:
11245:
11226:
11218:
11209:
11200:
11173:
11150:
11139:
11114:, retrieved
11110:the original
11097:
11093:
11080:
11055:
11051:
11032:
10983:
10979:
10964:
10952:. Retrieved
10937:
10927:
10918:
10892:
10863:Taiwan Today
10862:
10854:
10846:
10820:
10811:
10782:
10771:
10754:
10750:
10740:, De Gruyter
10737:
10718:
10709:
10700:
10691:
10666:
10662:
10653:
10645:
10637:the original
10631:
10608:
10589:
10570:
10561:
10550:the original
10545:
10541:
10515:
10506:
10474:(1): 29–43,
10471:
10467:
10458:
10450:
10441:
10422:
10413:
10404:
10361:
10357:
10346:
10328:
10305:
10286:
10267:
10248:
10240:
10229:the original
10224:
10220:
10188:(1): 37–56,
10185:
10181:
10153:
10122:
10103:
10085:
10073:
10054:
10045:
10023:
9989:
9978:, retrieved
9971:the original
9950:
9916:
9900:
9882:
9863:
9853:
9850:"Conclusion"
9840:
9827:
9814:
9801:
9788:
9775:
9762:
9749:
9736:
9723:
9710:
9684:
9675:
9666:
9657:
9646:. Retrieved
9642:
9632:
9621:. Retrieved
9619:. 2022-08-10
9616:
9607:
9595:. Retrieved
9584:
9574:
9562:. Retrieved
9558:The Guardian
9556:
9546:
9534:. Retrieved
9529:
9520:
9511:
9502:
9490:. Retrieved
9485:
9475:
9467:The Guardian
9466:
9457:
9445:. Retrieved
9441:
9431:
9422:
9412:
9400:. Retrieved
9392:
9382:
9374:www.uscc.gov
9373:
9364:
9356:www.fpri.org
9355:
9346:
9340:. p. 1.
9338:Taipei Times
9337:
9327:
9322:Taipei Times
9315:
9304:
9295:
9286:
9277:
9268:
9256:
9244:
9232:
9221:. Retrieved
9217:the original
9207:
9195:
9170:
9166:
9160:
9146:
9139:Singh (2010)
9134:
9122:. Retrieved
9117:
9107:
9100:Gates (1981)
9095:
9068:
9062:
9051:. Retrieved
9049:. 1995-04-07
9037:
9025:
9014:. Retrieved
9010:the original
9000:
8975:
8971:
8961:
8942:
8922:
8915:
8903:. Retrieved
8893:
8881:
8869:. Retrieved
8859:
8843:
8834:
8813:
8803:
8801:
8786:
8779:
8770:
8761:
8752:
8736:
8727:
8718:
8703:
8696:
8684:. Retrieved
8677:
8667:
8657:, retrieved
8651:
8645:
8635:, retrieved
8633:, 4 May 1955
8629:
8623:
8612:. Retrieved
8602:
8591:. Retrieved
8580:
8558:
8536:
8514:
8507:Taiwan......
8505:
8499:. Retrieved
8475:
8467:
8452:
8445:
8435:
8428:
8424:
8422:
8407:
8383:
8375:
8369:. Retrieved
8365:Taipei Times
8364:
8354:
8342:. Retrieved
8338:the original
8279:
8267:
8255:
8235:
8229:
8202:
8190:
8178:
8151:
8139:
8127:
8115:
8103:
8091:
8079:
8067:
8055:
8028:
8016:
8004:
7997:Ching (2001)
7992:
7985:Matsuda 2019
7980:
7968:
7956:
7951:, p. 1.
7944:
7932:
7905:
7893:
7881:
7854:
7842:
7830:
7818:
7791:
7784:Matsuda 2019
7764:
7752:
7745:Kishida 2021
7708:
7664:
7652:
7640:
7628:
7616:
7604:
7592:
7580:
7568:
7556:
7536:
7530:
7510:
7504:
7492:. Retrieved
7478:
7441:Zhang (1998)
7436:
7424:
7412:
7400:
7388:
7361:
7332:
7315:
7303:
7291:
7279:
7272:Zhang (1998)
7267:
7255:
7243:
7231:
7219:
7207:
7195:
7183:
7171:
7159:
7147:
7140:Barclay 2018
7135:
7128:Barclay 2018
7123:
7116:Barclay 2018
7111:
7099:
7087:
7075:
7068:Barclay 2018
7063:
7056:Elliott 2002
7051:
7031:
7024:
7004:
6982:
6919:
6907:
6880:
6868:
6826:
6814:
6802:
6790:
6782:"清代臺灣行政區劃沿革"
6776:
6764:
6752:
6740:
6728:
6716:
6704:
6699:, p. 5.
6692:
6680:
6668:
6656:
6629:
6617:
6590:
6578:
6566:
6519:
6507:
6495:
6483:
6471:
6459:
6451:"清代臺灣行政區劃沿革"
6445:
6437:"清代臺灣行政區劃沿革"
6431:
6389:
6370:
6364:
6349:
6337:
6310:
6281:
6269:
6257:
6245:
6218:
6206:
6194:
6182:
6170:
6158:
6146:
6134:
6122:
6110:
6098:
6086:
6074:
6062:
6050:
6038:
6011:
5982:
5970:
5958:
5946:
5934:
5922:
5910:
5898:
5886:
5874:
5862:
5850:
5838:
5826:
5807:
5794:
5782:
5770:
5758:
5708:
5701:
5694:Andrade 2016
5689:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5642:
5626:
5614:
5602:
5590:
5504:
5492:
5483:
5471:
5459:
5447:
5435:
5393:. Retrieved
5389:the original
5378:
5366:
5339:
5327:
5315:
5303:
5291:
5262:
5252:
5240:
5228:
5216:
5209:Wills (2006)
5204:
5193:. Retrieved
5186:the original
5171:
5158:
5153:, Chapter 3.
5151:Huang (2005)
5146:
5139:Wills (2006)
5134:
5122:
5110:
5070:Wills (2006)
5065:
5053:
5033:
5023:
5011:
4999:
4987:
4975:. Retrieved
4970:
4961:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4891:
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4864:Taipei Times
4863:
4853:
4814:
4804:
4797:Xiong (2012)
4792:
4773:
4768:, p. 5.
4751:Tsang (2000)
4746:
4734:
4722:
4710:
4698:
4686:
4679:Blust (1999)
4674:
4666:
4658:
4643:cite journal
4598:
4594:
4584:
4549:
4545:
4534:
4525:
4495:
4491:
4481:
4448:
4445:台灣南島民族的族群與遷徙
4441:1. 台灣土著民族的來源
4429:
4421:
4406:
4398:
4383:
4340:
4336:
4333:from Taiwan"
4330:
4322:
4315:Chang (1989)
4299:
4293:. Retrieved
4283:
4275:
4269:. Retrieved
4259:
4190:
4154:
4072:
4052:
4041:
4030:
4014:Tsai Ing-wen
4007:
4003:Tsai Ing-wen
3992:
3985:
3970:
3962:Ma Ying-jeou
3951:
3935:independence
3920:
3901:
3884:Lee Teng-hui
3855:Yen Chia-kan
3848:
3833:(the son of
3821:
3809:gold reserve
3794:
3765:
3726:
3722:Note Verbale
3694:
3687:
3628:
3623:Anthony Eden
3611:
3594:
3586:Rikichi Andō
3551:
3540:, President
3512:
3501:
3462:
3423:World War II
3395:
3378:
3374:
3353:World War II
3350:
3337:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3261:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3215:Japanization
3205:
3197:
3193:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3089:such as the
3085:
3039:
3014:
2961:
2953:
2947:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2863:
2847:Itō Hirobumi
2844:
2792:
2778:
2750:
2718:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2652:
2528:Qing dynasty
2520:
2491:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2378:
2374:Shen Baozhen
2371:
2356:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:Yilan County
2313:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1906:
1894:
1878:
1829:
1822:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1756:
1752:
1711:
1703:
1699:Zheng Kezang
1692:
1676:
1629:
1609:
1601:
1585:
1582:Sinicization
1555:
1534:Qing dynasty
1531:
1525:
1518:Portrait of
1505:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1444:
1439:
1431:Dutch colony
1424:
1410:
1406:
1394:Ming dynasty
1390:Beijing fell
1380:
1374:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1303:
1275:
1271:
1266:Pieter Nuyts
1258:
1254:
1207:
1176:
1161:
1150:
1137:sneak attack
1130:
1126:
1094:
1081:
1074:Ilha Formosa
1073:
1060:
1012:
1007:
998:
994:
981:
978:Xiaodong dao
977:
973:
963:
938:Yuan dynasty
935:
922:
911:Emperor Yang
904:
890:
844:wrought iron
829:
797:
789:Liang Island
786:
732:
714:
643:Liang Island
545:
541:World War II
517:ceded Taiwan
509:Qing dynasty
498:
438:Yuan dynasty
419:
388:Southern Min
352:Táiwān lìshǐ
346:Hanyu Pinyin
144:1945–present
39:
15:
13555:Asia portal
13456:States with
13376:Philippines
13316:South Korea
13311:North Korea
13206:Afghanistan
13093:tea culture
13058:Photography
12744:Waishengren
12478:Aquaculture
12473:Agriculture
12251:LGBT rights
12109:Hot springs
12095:Earthquakes
12029:Martial law
11748:Japan Focus
11548:"Chapter 3"
11293:, Routledge
11100:: 153–158,
11058:: 163–204.
10763:10125/17011
10703:, Greenwood
10210:Chang, K.C.
9200:Chan (1997)
9124:3 September
9043:"Operation"
9030:Kerr (1966)
8905:12 December
8682:. p. 1
8367:. p. 1
8144:Kerr (1966)
8108:Dawley 2015
8096:Dawley 2015
8084:Dawley 2015
8072:Dawley 2015
8060:Dawley 2015
8048:Dawley 2015
7494:11 November
7471:Katz (2005)
7429:Brooks 2000
7260:Gordon 2007
7248:Gordon 2007
7236:Gordon 2007
7224:Gordon 2007
7212:Gordon 2007
7200:Gordon 2007
5308:Blussé 2000
5296:Blussé 2000
4739:Jiao (2007)
4388:Zuozhen Man
4252:Jiao (2007)
4222:Jiao (2007)
3977:Chiou I-jen
3966:Frank Hsieh
3931:unification
3828:ROC premier
3493:Philippines
3260:Photo from
3224:Kagi Shrine
3099:Sun Yat-sen
3035:Tongmenghui
3027: [
2911:isshi dōjin
2751:During the
2440:, 1787–1788
2281:23,550,000
2257:21,300,000
2245:19,258,000
2233:16,150,000
2221:12,628,000
2209:10,000,000
1855:Section of
1847:, 1684–1722
1684:Yao Qisheng
1552:(1673–1681)
1497:Wades Giles
1107:, but were
955:Wang Dayuan
946:Kublai Khan
942:Han Chinese
936:During the
923:Book of Sui
915:Sui dynasty
906:Book of Sui
852:Philippines
743:Paleolithic
576:martial law
537:the Pacific
442:Han Chinese
426:agriculture
171:Educational
40:History of
13436:Uzbekistan
13411:Tajikistan
13326:Kyrgyzstan
13306:Kazakhstan
13226:Bangladesh
13216:Azerbaijan
13053:Philosophy
13028:Literature
12925:Healthcare
12784:Kanakanavu
12536:(currency)
12445:Two Chinas
12317:Propaganda
12285:Parliament
12219:Censorship
12193:Government
12171:Government
11957:Prehistory
11562:2006-07-18
11400:2007-03-18
11265:, Springer
11256:, Springer
11116:2012-06-07
10948:0300075537
9992:, Taipei:
9980:2007-04-12
9925:1885/32545
9667:Al Jazeera
9648:2022-08-14
9623:2022-08-14
9447:8 December
9402:8 December
9223:2012-07-19
9053:2022-03-03
9016:2016-04-20
8871:24 January
8856:Koh Se-kai
8836:unsettled.
8747:. p.
8659:2022-09-02
8637:2010-02-27
8614:2010-09-01
8593:2011-01-30
8501:2015-03-08
8371:2015-09-28
8344:2010-03-14
8195:Hsiao 2017
8156:Hsiao 2017
8011:, p. 1139.
7961:Price 2019
7456:Chang 2003
6345:臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典
6016:Wills 2015
5800:Lian, Heng
5667:(2): 357.
5633:, p.
5476:Roy (2003)
5428:Tai (2007)
5195:2012-04-04
5016:Knapp 1980
4884:Knapp 1980
4766:Knapp 1980
4295:2022-01-07
4271:2022-01-07
4202:References
4008:The local
3851:presidency
3741:Mao Zedong
3709:mainlander
3670:See also:
3655:See also:
3570:Pescadores
3554:Kuomintang
3427:See also:
3390:sugar cane
3386:irrigation
3327:Mona Rudao
3282:aborigines
3055:Andō Teibi
3024:Luo Fuxing
2980:Liu Yongfu
2976:Black Flag
2815:See also:
2763:bombarded
2745:Saigō Jūdō
2530:painting,
2502:Fuk'anggan
2428:Rebellions
2197:9,078,000
2185:6,560,000
2173:5,212,426
2161:3,993,408
2149:3,325,755
2137:3,039,751
1970:Aboriginal
1819:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1747:See also:
1743:Annexation
1680:Li Guangdi
1651:Zheng Jing
1527:Zheng Jing
1520:Zheng Jing
1501:Zheng Jing
1351:Guo Huaiyi
1249:See also:
1078:Portuguese
1063:Portuguese
897:Eastern Wu
874:Statue of
848:bloomeries
764:grains in
725:vertebrate
620:See also:
610:Prehistory
556:Kuomintang
450:Portuguese
374:Wade–Giles
191:Television
70:Prehistory
13522:Hong Kong
13476:Palestine
13401:Sri Lanka
13396:Singapore
13276:Indonesia
12983:Animation
12945:Squatting
12920:Education
12756:Languages
12512:Companies
12290:President
12241:Elections
12149:Volcanoes
12124:Mountains
12068:Overviews
12058:Geography
11889:– YouTube
11769:Ethnology
11684:162750246
11583:, Taipei.
11192:14547859M
10683:144573801
10289:, BRILL,
10113:(1903) .
10095:644323041
9705:(2008a),
9393:Brookings
9261:Hu (2005)
9249:Hu (2005)
9237:Hu (2005)
9179:1349-6786
8804:undecided
8388:Tsai 2009
8301:Ward 2018
8284:Chen 2001
8272:Chen 2001
8260:Chen 2001
8171:Shih 1968
8120:Shih 1968
7811:Chen 2001
7645:Shih 2022
7633:Shih 2022
7621:Shih 2022
7609:Shih 2022
7597:Shih 2022
7573:Wang 2000
7561:Tsai 2009
7393:Wang 2006
7308:Shih 2022
7188:Wong 2022
7176:Wong 2022
7164:Wong 2022
7152:Wong 2022
7104:Wong 2022
7092:Wong 2022
7080:Wong 2022
6303:Wong 2017
6286:Wong 2017
6262:Wong 2017
6250:Wong 2017
6238:Wong 2017
6223:Wong 2017
6211:Wong 2017
6199:Wong 2017
6187:Wong 2017
6175:Wong 2017
6163:Wong 2017
6151:Wong 2017
6139:Wong 2017
6127:Wong 2017
6115:Wong 2017
6103:Wong 2017
6091:Wong 2017
6079:Hang 2015
6067:Wong 2017
6055:Hang 2010
6043:Hang 2010
6031:Hang 2015
6004:Hang 2010
5987:Wong 2017
5975:Hang 2010
5963:Hang 2010
5951:Wong 2017
5939:Wong 2017
5927:Wong 2017
5915:Wong 2017
5903:Wong 2017
5891:Wong 2017
5879:Wong 2017
5867:Wong 2017
5855:Wong 2017
5843:Wong 2017
5831:Wong 2017
5818:123362609
5802:(1920).
5787:Wong 2017
5751:Hang 2010
5736:Wong 2017
5283:0031-2746
5115:Wong 2017
4953:225283565
4937:: 17–42.
4869:April 24,
4818:古代中世の境界領域
4207:Citations
4133:East Asia
4046:. In the
4026:Kaohsiung
4010:elections
3956:. In the
3209:Manchukuo
3179:Education
3154:In 1914,
2919:naichijin
2741:dethroned
2613:Invasions
2494:Tiandihui
2482:Zhu Yigui
2357:In 1874,
2131:2,492,784
2119:2,545,000
2107:1,786,883
2095:1,944,747
1901:Zhu Yigui
1815:有唐山公,無唐山媽
1575:Zhangzhou
1447:Zeelandia
1402:Guangdong
1375:Guoxingye
1008:Dongfanji
982:Dahui guo
895:state of
793:Chenggong
748:found in
699:Dapenkeng
574:declared
499:In 1662,
494:Guangdong
462:Zeelandia
207:Kaohsiung
134:1895–1945
114:1683–1895
110:Qing rule
104:1662–1683
94:1626–1642
84:1624–1662
13604:Category
13545:Category
13466:Abkhazia
13416:Thailand
13371:Pakistan
13351:Mongolia
13346:Maldives
13341:Malaysia
13241:Cambodia
13123:Category
13078:T-Beauty
13063:Religion
13018:Gambling
12851:Mandarin
12819:Sakizaya
12814:Saisiyat
12676:proposed
12582:Taxation
12552:Forestry
12405:Dang Guo
12347:Counties
12273:Military
12198:politics
12176:Politics
11928:articles
11878:Archived
11844:Archived
11832:Archived
11729:citation
11631:citation
11589:citation
11546:(2005).
11125:citation
11072:40726116
11024:6986981M
10974:(1907),
10919:台灣人四百年史
10891:(1999),
10803:7849250M
10629:(1966),
10498:17160892
10388:10693781
10338:6931635M
10326:(1903).
10212:(1989),
10173:7051071M
10151:(1915),
10141:04007338
10083:(1903).
9597:8 August
9591:Archived
9536:13 March
9530:ABC News
9512:BBC News
9187:43213319
8950:Archived
8769:. 1960.
8686:14 April
8492:Archived
8183:Kuo 1995
8021:Tai 2014
5681:57527820
5031:(2007).
4781:Archived
4653:pp. 5–9.
4635:34675295
4576:26781090
4522:24607387
4414:Archived
4391:Archived
4375:25625212
4139:, &
4093:See also
4022:Taichung
3973:immunity
3803:and the
3690:expelled
3294:Sōtokufu
3290:Sōtokufu
3201:Taichung
2956:invasion
2923:hontōjin
2721:Ryukyuan
2691:Nerbudda
2681:Nerbudda
2673:Nerbudda
2623:Ryukyuan
2532:Qianlong
2470:Qianlong
2397:Taichung
2393:province
2339:Wu River
1931:Shengfan
1922:shengfan
1886:Zhejiang
1807:Tangshan
1631:Shi Lang
1624:Shi Lang
1615:Shi Lang
1605:Taichung
1571:Quanzhou
1559:Zhejiang
1493:Dongning
1479:Conquest
1034:(orange)
782:Holocene
766:sediment
750:Changbin
729:Penghu 1
671:Changbin
586:and the
446:the West
233:Timeline
186:Military
166:Economic
161:Cultural
31:a series
29:Part of
13582:History
13568:Portals
13441:Vietnam
13356:Myanmar
13336:Lebanon
13266:Georgia
13221:Bahrain
13211:Armenia
13147:Outline
13068:Smoking
12998:Cuisine
12975:Culture
12891:Society
12878:Braille
12846:Sinitic
12789:Kavalan
12643:Culture
12639:Society
12597:Tourism
12592:Textile
12534:Dollar
12517:Largest
12495:Banking
12465:Economy
12212:Premier
12207:Cabinet
12181:Economy
12114:Islands
12085:Climate
12075:Beaches
11941:History
11789:3773928
11172:(ed.).
11008:1775915
10988:Bibcode
10954:28 June
10930:, Brill
10898:, USA:
10489:1876738
10396:4379227
10366:Bibcode
10202:2761227
10121:(ed.).
9955:Bibcode
9643:Reuters
9564:10 July
9492:18 July
9486:bbc.com
8992:2752241
8425:de jure
8033:Ye 2019
7949:Ye 2019
7937:Ye 2019
7925:Ye 2019
7910:Ye 2019
7898:Ye 2019
7886:Ye 2019
7874:Ye 2019
7859:Ye 2019
7585:Su 1980
6987:Li 2019
6939:Li 2019
6924:Ye 2019
6912:Ye 2019
6885:Ye 2019
6873:Ye 2019
6861:Ye 2019
6819:Ye 2019
6807:Ye 2019
6795:Ye 2019
6769:Ye 2019
6757:Ye 2019
6745:Ye 2019
6733:Ye 2019
6721:Ye 2019
6709:Ye 2019
6697:Li 2019
6685:Ye 2019
6634:Ye 2019
6622:Ye 2019
6571:Ye 2019
6524:Ye 2019
6512:Ye 2019
6500:Ye 2019
6488:Ye 2019
6476:Ye 2019
6464:Ye 2019
6424:Ye 2019
6394:Ye 2019
6330:Ye 2019
4977:16 July
4626:8531373
4603:Bibcode
4567:4757630
4513:3951936
4366:4316746
4345:Bibcode
3912:In 2004
3761:Chengdu
3757:Nanjing
3739:led by
3590:Chen Yi
3497:Myanmar
3357:Chen Yi
3237:kōminka
3190:in 1919
3172:kōminka
3168:kōminka
3063:Jiasian
3000:Guangxi
2964:Keelung
2882:kōminka
2765:Keelung
2733:Shō Tai
2669:Keelung
2647:Keelung
2627:Beijing
2385:Keelung
2316:Gamalan
2267:546,700
2083:950,000
2071:912,000
2059:839,803
2047:660,147
2035:120,000
2003:100,000
1967:Chinese
1811:Chinese
1647:Beijing
1463:Koxinga
1440:Luermen
1388:. When
1386:Nanjing
1371:Koxinga
1295:animist
1191:Keelung
1086:malaria
1066:sailors
1057:), 1752
1000:Chen Di
913:of the
876:Chen Di
754:Eluanbi
715:In the
685:Eluanbi
657:Zuojhen
590:) as a
562:in the
550:of the
539:during
501:Koxinga
478:Keelung
454:Formosa
395:Hokkien
153:Topical
74:to 1624
13594:Taiwan
13486:Taiwan
13421:Turkey
13386:Russia
13321:Kuwait
13301:Jordan
13291:Israel
13251:Cyprus
13236:Brunei
13231:Bhutan
13135:Portal
13073:Sports
12993:Cinema
12824:Seediq
12809:Saaroa
12799:Puyuma
12794:Paiwan
12774:Atayal
12739:Hakkas
12734:Hoklos
12696:People
12682:Flower
12667:Emblem
12662:Anthem
12636:People
12562:Mining
12547:Energy
12352:Cities
12134:Rivers
12080:Cities
11926:
11924:Taiwan
11810:online
11787:
11708:
11682:
11610:
11511:
11459:
11425:
11366:
11309:
11303:中華民國史稿
11278:
11233:
11190:
11180:
11157:
11070:
11039:
11022:
11016:753129
11014:
11006:
10945:
10906:
10877:
10838:
10827:
10801:
10791:
10725:
10681:
10615:
10596:
10577:
10522:
10496:
10486:
10429:
10394:
10386:
10358:Nature
10336:
10312:
10293:
10274:
10255:
10200:
10171:
10161:
10139:
10129:
10093:
10061:
10030:
10011:
10000:
9931:
9889:
9871:
9185:
9177:
9083:
8990:
8930:
8900:Taipei
8866:Taipei
8794:
8711:
8460:
8415:
8243:
7544:
7518:
7323:
7039:
7012:
6377:
5816:
5716:
5679:
5281:
5178:
5041:
4967:"閩海贈言"
4951:
4633:
4623:
4574:
4564:
4527:Taiwan
4520:
4510:
4461:
4373:
4363:
4174:&
4148:&
3753:Taipei
3705:Taiwan
3566:Taiwan
3481:Hainan
3341:Minnan
3311:Atayal
3286:shufan
3276:rebels
3274:Seediq
3246:Shinto
3230:After
3059:Tapani
3009:Tainan
2990:. The
2968:Taipei
2950:, 1895
2795:Penghu
2782:Penghu
2773:Tamsui
2697:—were
2677:Nimrod
2629:, 1831
2521:shufan
2474:shufan
2450:Zhuluo
2401:Taipei
2302:Kangxi
2134:82,795
2025:50,000
2013:35,000
1991:25,000
1973:Total
1950:shufan
1942:shufan
1926:shufan
1918:shufan
1882:Fujian
1857:Kangxi
1821::
1813::
1784:Kangxi
1714:Magong
1707:Bazhao
1688:Tamsui
1643:Tongan
1593:Buddha
1539:Kinmen
1489:Dongdu
1435:Kinmen
1427:Xiamen
1398:Xiamen
1203:Manila
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