Vatican City - Knowledge

3212: 17556: 2685: 122: 4406: 4355: 1954: 1687: 17209: 15934: 14998: 11767: 11245: 5244: 3009: 3498: 3603: 1601: 1272: 818: 136: 2766: 241: 1655:, but said that "they could not stop the British from bombing Rome if the British so decided". The US military even exempted Catholic servicemembers from air raids on Rome and other areas with a significant Catholic presence, unless they voluntarily agreed to participate. Notably, with the exception of Rome, and presumably the possibility of the Vatican, no Catholic US servicemember refused a mission within German-held Italy. On the other hand, the British insisted "they would bomb Rome whenever the needs of the war demanded". 3349: 738: 3440: 5057: 3716: 4309:, namely on the grounds of appointment to work in a certain capacity in the service of the Holy See. It usually ceases upon cessation of the appointment. Citizenship is also extended to the spouse and children of a citizen, provided they are living together in the city. Some individuals are also authorized to reside in the city but do not qualify or choose not to request citizenship. Anyone who loses Vatican citizenship and does not possess other citizenship automatically becomes an 250: 4261: 1788: 17861: 13862: 11369: 10051: 1147: 1760:, adjacent to St Peter's Basilica was criticized by Italian environmental groups, backed by Italian politicians. They claimed the new building would block views of the Basilica from nearby Italian apartments. For a short while the plans strained the relations between the Vatican and the Italian government. The head of the Vatican's Department of Technical Services robustly rejected challenges to the Vatican State's right to build within its borders. 17873: 1871: 4972: 17221: 15946: 15010: 13851: 11779: 11257: 2912: 5155: 1288: 5258: 5272: 10041: 1455: 1648:, claiming that the few which landed within the Vatican City violated its neutrality. The British government's policy towards the Vatican, as expressed in the minutes of a Cabinet meeting, was "that we should on no account molest the Vatican City, but that our action as regards the rest of Rome would depend upon how far the Italian government observed the rules of war". 1674:, targeting the city's railway hub in particular. Approximately 1,500 people were killed, and Pius XII, who had been described in the previous month as "worried sick" about the possibility of Rome being bombed, toured the affected areas. Another Allied bombing raid took place on 13 August 1943, after Mussolini had been 3712:, medals and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by publications sales. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. Other industries include printing, the production of mosaics, and the manufacture of staff uniforms. 3414:, and other general police duties in Vatican City including providing security for the Pope outside of Vatican City. The corps has 130 personnel and is a part of the Directorate for Security Services and Civil Defence (which also includes the Vatican Fire Brigade), an organ of the Governorate of Vatican City. 184: 5635:

The Holy See's budget, which is distinct from that of Vatican City State, is supported financially by a variety of sources, including investments, real estate income, and donations from Catholic individuals, dioceses, and institutions; these help fund the Roman Curia (Vatican bureaucracy), diplomatic

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or per area metrics, Vatican City is often an outlier—these can stem from the state's small size and ecclesiastical function. For example, as most of the roles which would confer citizenship are reserved for men, the gender ratio of the citizenship is several men per woman. Further oddities are petty

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for the authoritative version of its official documents, Vatican City uses only Italian in its legislation and official communications. Italian is also the everyday language used by most of those who work in the state. In the Swiss Guard, Swiss German is the language used for giving commands, but the

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of 1929 that gave the state its form was being prepared, the boundaries of the proposed territory were influenced by the fact that much of it was all but enclosed by this loop. For some tracts of the frontier, there was no wall, but the line of certain buildings supplied part of the boundary, and for

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Italy made no attempt to interfere with the Holy See within the Vatican walls. However, it confiscated church property in many places. In 1871, the Quirinal Palace was confiscated by the King of Italy and became the royal palace. Thereafter, the popes resided undisturbed within the Vatican walls, and

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Because of space limitations, Vatican City is one of the few countries in the world that is unable to host embassies. Foreign embassies to the Holy See are located in the city of Rome; only during the Second World War were the staff of some embassies accredited to the Holy See given what hospitality

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There are no passport controls for visitors entering Vatican City from the surrounding Italian territory. There is free public access to Saint Peter's Square and Basilica and, on the occasion of papal general audiences, to the hall in which they are held. For these audiences and for major ceremonies

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However, Vatican City State itself participates in some international organizations whose functions relate to the state as a geographical entity, distinct from the non-territorial legal persona of the Holy See. These organizations are much less numerous than those in which the Holy See participates

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with money laundering offences. Pope Francis also appointed an auditor-general authorized to carry out random audits of any agency at any time and engaged a US financial services company to review the Vatican's 19,000 accounts to ensure compliance with international money laundering practices. The

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is delegated to the President of the Governorate of Vatican City, who is also the President of the Pontificial Commission. In addition, the Governorate include two immediate collaborators of the President: the General Secretary and the Deputy General Secretary, members of the General Secretariat,

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Vatican City State, created in 1929 by the Lateran Pacts, provides the Holy See with a temporal jurisdiction and independence within a small territory. It is distinct from the Holy See. The state can thus be deemed a significant but not essential instrument of the Holy See. The Holy See itself has

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with mild, rainy winters from October to mid-May and hot, dry summers from May to September. Some minor local features, principally mists and dews, are caused by the anomalous bulk of St Peter's Basilica, the elevation, the fountains, and the size of the large paved square. The highest temperature

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The population is composed of clergy, other religious members, laypeople serving the state (such as the Swiss Guard) and their family members. In 2013 there were 13 families of the employees of the Holy See living in Vatican City, in 2019 there were 20 children of the Swiss Guards living at the

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Under the terms of article 22 of the Lateran Treaty, Italy will, at the request of the Holy See, punish individuals for crimes committed within Vatican City and will itself proceed against the person who committed the offence, if that person takes refuge in Italian territory. Persons accused of

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under "Holy See", not under "State of Vatican City". At the end of 2005, the Guard had 134 members. Recruitment is arranged by a special agreement between the Holy See and Switzerland. All recruits must be Catholic, unmarried males with Swiss citizenship who have completed their

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missions, and media outlets. Moreover, an annual collection taken up in dioceses and direct donations go to a non-budgetary fund known as Peter's Pence, which is used directly by the Pope for charity, disaster relief and aid to churches in developing nations.

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is one of the main locations for pickpockets in Vatican City. If crimes are committed in Saint Peter's Square, the perpetrators may be arrested and tried by the Italian authorities, since that area is normally patrolled by Italian police.

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crimes recognised as such both in Italy and in Vatican City that are committed in Italian territory will be handed over to the Italian authorities if they take refuge in Vatican City or in buildings that enjoy immunity under the treaty.

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The government of Vatican City has a unique structure. As governed by the Holy See, the Pope is the sovereign of the state, but he is supported by different bodies. While legislative authority is also managed, in the Pope's name, by the

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Vatican City has a reasonably well-developed transport network considering its size (consisting mostly of a piazza and walkways). As a state that is 1.05 kilometres (1,150 yards) long and 0.85 km (930 yd) wide, it has a small

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As of 2023, Vatican City had a population of 764 residents, regardless of citizenship. There were also 372 Vatican citizens residing elsewhere, consisting of diplomats of the Holy See to other countries and cardinals residing in Rome.

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On 24 February 2014, the Vatican announced it was establishing a secretariat for the economy, to be responsible for all economic, financial, and administrative activities of the Holy See and the Vatican City State, headed by Cardinal

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is the multilingual semi-official newspaper of the Holy See. It is published by a private corporation under the direction of Catholic laymen, but reports on official information. However, the official texts of documents are in the

5737: 1662:, a suggestion that the Holy See took more seriously than was probably meant by the envoy, who did not want Rome to be an open city, but Mussolini rejected the suggestion when the Holy See put it to him. In connection with the 4504: 3303: 8844: 9229: 2853:

The nobility that was closely associated with the Holy See at the time of the Papal States continued to be associated with the Papal Court after the loss of these territories, generally with merely nominal duties (see

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is a military corps of the Holy See responsible for the personal security of the Pope, and residents in the state. Soldiers of the Swiss Guard are entitled to hold Vatican City State passports and nationality. Swiss

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and FM frequencies and on the Internet. Its main transmission antennae are located in Italian territory, and exceed Italian environmental protection levels of emission. For this reason, the Vatican Radio has been

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Vatican City State is a recognised national territory under international law, but it is the Holy See that conducts diplomatic relations on its behalf, in addition to the Holy See's own diplomacy, entering into

2723:, in which the head of the Catholic Church holds power. The Pope exercises principal legislative, executive, and judicial power over the State of Vatican City, which is a rare case of a non-hereditary monarchy. 819: 8285: 9543: 5405:

listed the area of Vatican City as 44 ha in its 1930 edition but corrected it to 49 ha in its 1945–1946 edition. The figure of 44 ha is still widely cited by many sources despite its inaccuracy.

1943:, incorporating the Sistine Chapel, usually charge an entrance fee. There is no general public access to the gardens, but guided tours for small groups can be arranged to the gardens and excavations under the 1711: 6330: 7583: 8207: 7663: 3683:, has also not been signed. The Vatican City State has been criticized for money laundering practises in the past decades. The only other country in Europe that has not agreed to sign the CRS is Belarus. 1748:

between the Holy See and Italy modified certain provisions of the earlier treaty, including the position of Catholic Christianity as the Italian state religion, a position given to it by a statute of the

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to power arrived in Rome, "a large proportion camped in the unhealthy districts of the Vatican, which resulted in many deaths among the common soldiery; and the Tiber being close by, the inability of the

8361: 6391: 5665: 3367:. Dating its origins to the early nineteenth century, the Corps in its present form was established in 1941. It is responsible for fire fighting, as well as a range of civil defence scenarios including 175: 6418: 5526: 7689: 8749: 6754: 4348:. A jocular illustration of these anomalies is sometimes made by calculating a "Popes per km" statistic, which is greater than two because the country is less than half a square kilometre in area. 20483: 2986:. Since 2001, the president of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State also has the title of president of the Governorate of the State of Vatican City. The president is Spanish Cardinal 8234: 7304: 7069: 6795: 3150:) are exercised by four bodies: a Supreme Court, a Court of Appeal, a Tribunal and a Sole Judge, whose roles are established by the Vatican codes of criminal and civil procedure, and the 2013 " 3776:, placing it in the middle category, which includes countries such as Ireland, but not among the most vulnerable countries, which include the United States itself, Germany, Italy, and Russia. 8133: 2785:(who is consequently also the President of the Governorate), assisted by the General Secretary and the Deputy General Secretary. The state's foreign relations are entrusted to the Holy See's 5450: 8959: 6544: 3754:. Issuance of euro-denominated coins is strictly limited by treaty, though somewhat more than usual is allowed in a year in which there is a change in the papacy. Because of their rarity, 3533: 1644:. One of the main diplomatic priorities of Pius XII was to prevent the bombing of the city; a high level of sensitivity led him to protest even the dropping of pamphlets over Rome by the 1387:. Funeral monuments and mausoleums, and small tombs, as well as altars to pagan gods of all kinds of polytheistic religions, were constructed lasting until before the construction of the 8380: 5741: 9487: 14296: 12538: 12375: 9727: 5883: 14759: 5426:

assigned code 379 to Vatican City. However, Vatican City is included in the Italian telephone numbering plan and uses the Italian country code 39, followed by 06 (for Rome) and 698.

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From then on, the land mass became more populated in connection with activity at the basilica. A palace was constructed nearby as early as the 5th century during the pontificate of

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Visitors and tourists are not permitted to drive inside Vatican City without specific permission, which is normally granted only to those on official business in Vatican City.

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until 1929. Being separated from the city, on the west bank of the river Tiber, the area was an outcrop of the city that was protected by being included within the walls of

426: 9757: 1586:. The treaty, which became effective on 7 June 1929, established the independent state of Vatican City and reaffirmed the special status of Catholic Christianity in Italy. 17280: 7733: 5045: 9457: 8598: 8107: 5618:

The Holy See is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City and a sovereign entity recognised by international law, consisting of the Pope and the

14310: 9104: 9074: 8282: 14452: 11049: 10515: 5171: 1935:. According to the Lateran Treaty (Art. 3) St. Peter's Square, up to but not including the steps leading to the basilica, is normally patrolled by the Italian police. 9539: 9509: 5380:. The Swiss Guard has three command languages: German, French and Italian; the chaplain of the guard reads aloud the full oath of allegiance in these three languages. 4281:. The official websites of the Holy See and of Vatican City are primarily in Italian, with versions of their pages in a large number of languages to varying extents. 2878:

were entrusted to some of them, including that of delegate for the State of Vatican City (now denominated president of the Commission for Vatican City). But with the

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On the Jurisdiction of Judicial Authorities of Vatican City State in Criminal Matters". At the Vatican's request, sentences imposed can be served in Italy (see the

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Nevertheless, the Pope has absolute power in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches over Vatican City, and is thus the only absolute monarch in Europe.

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existed continuously as a juridical entity since Roman Imperial times and has been internationally recognised as a powerful and independent sovereign entity since

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The Vatican City State is also one of few countries in the world that does not provide any publicly available financial data to the International Monetary Fund.

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Vatican City has no prison system, apart from a few detention cells for pre-trial detention. People convicted of committing crimes in the Vatican serve terms in

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Vatican City State, which employs nearly 2,000 people, had a surplus of 6.7 million euros in 2007 but ran a deficit in 2008 of over 15 million euros.

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and Germans to bear the heat and the consequent greed with which they drank from the stream weakened their bodies, which were already an easy prey to disease".

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Vatican Radio, the Vatican Television Center, and L'Osservatore Romano are organs not of the Vatican State but of the Holy See, and are listed as such in the

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In 2012, the US Department of State's International Narcotics Control Strategy Report listed Vatican City for the first time among the nations of concern for

14803: 14729: 14386: 7684: 9424: 6527: 5763: 5232:. It is estimated that 50–55% of Vatican City's municipal solid waste is properly sorted and recycled, with the goal of reaching the EU standard of 70–75%. 3259:

with certificates of good conduct, be between the ages of 19 and 30, and be at least 174 cm (5 ft 9 in) in height. Members are equipped with

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As the entire territory of Vatican City has been listed on the International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection and, in 1984, among

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The Governorate is organized into central offices (one for law and another for personnel matters) and directorates with roles in the following matters:

1924:. These properties, scattered all over Rome and Italy, house essential offices and institutions necessary to the character and mission of the Holy See. 20380: 16537: 16017: 14835: 14462: 8534: 8230: 7161: 7065: 6787: 4831: 4344:

crimes against tourists resulting in a very high per-capita crime rate, and the city-state leading the world in per-capita wine consumption due to its

3551: 2691: 7301: 5142:, which places them in the section "Institutions linked with the Holy See", ahead of the sections on the Holy See's diplomatic service abroad and the 17904: 16912: 15334: 14528: 13030: 10908: 9628: 8689: 8339: 7331: 7030: 6249: 5800: 5315: 3705: 14396: 8137: 5695: 16987: 15684: 14457: 11816: 9574: 8874: 6653: 3735:), also known as the Vatican Bank, is a financial agency situated in the Vatican that conducts worldwide financial activities. It has multilingual 935: 924: 536: 6540: 15847: 14950: 14259: 14058: 13351: 10857: 8955: 8397: 6636: 3360: 3206: 8184: 5471: 1678:. On the following day, the new Italian government declared Rome an open city, after consulting the Holy See on the wording of the declaration. 14467: 11223: 8377: 3746:

Vatican City issues its own coins and stamps. It has used the euro as its currency since 1 January 1999, owing to a special agreement with the

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After the United States entered into the war, US officials were against bombing the Vatican City, fearful of offending Catholic members of the

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The size of Vatican City is thus unrelated to the large global reach exercised by the Holy See as an entity quite distinct from the state.

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creek. The territory of Vatican City is part of the Vatican Hill, and of the adjacent former Vatican Fields. It is in this territory that

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and other important issues. The President of the Governorate can convoke the members of the Council of Directors, together with external

2952:. The term "Holy See" refers not to the Vatican state but to the Pope's spiritual and pastoral governance, largely exercised through the 8466: 7833: 7807: 5930: 5855: 1530:, after a nominal resistance by the papal forces. Between 1861 and 1929 the status of the Pope was referred to as the "Roman Question". 16952: 16251: 15146: 13738: 12767: 12670: 11665: 10273: 10195: 10184: 10098: 8814:. The report quoted deals mainly with the revenues and expenses of the Holy See and mentions only briefly the finances of Vatican City. 8310: 6821: 6611: 3338: 1715: 931: 920: 515: 9675: 8059: 7911: 20370: 13703: 13565: 12483: 11464: 11343: 10627: 8940: 7286: 3062:

Important actions of the Governorate must be confirmed by the Pontifical Commission and by the Pope through the Secretariat of State.

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either as a member or with observer status. They include the following eight, in each of which Vatican City State holds membership:

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only by a white line along the limit of the square, where it touches Piazza Pio XII. St. Peter's Square is reached through the

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were brought to light sporadically during renovations by various popes throughout the centuries, increasing in frequency during the

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within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.

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In 2008, the Vatican began an "ecological island" for renewable waste and has continued the initiative throughout the papacy of

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was possible within the narrow confines of Vatican City—embassies such as that of the United Kingdom while Rome was held by the

3211: 16399: 16341: 15735: 11978: 11973: 9449: 8803: 8590: 8111: 5295: 5170:) was created on 13 February 1929. On 1 August, the state started to release its own postal stamps, under the authority of the 2863: 2859: 1311:(31 August AD 12–24 January AD 41; r. 37–41) built in her gardens a circus for charioteers (AD 40) that was later completed by 20404: 9604: 9375: 3656:. Among European states, Belarus is also not a member, while Russia has ceased to be part of it after being expelled from the 1470:, for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when all the territory belonging to the papacy was seized by the 14305: 13682: 13630: 12262: 10981: 10748: 9953: 9930: 9903: 9884: 9863: 9842: 9823: 8005: 6943: 6738: 5871: 4811: 4666: 4656: 4499:; it is the only one to consist of an entire state. Furthermore, it is the only site to date registered with the UNESCO as a 3557: 3048:

Most of the content of this appendix consists of routine executive decrees, such as approval for a new set of postage stamps.

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and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications. Vatican City has no taxes, and items are duty-free.

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The Vatican Diaries: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Power, Personalities and Politics at the Heart of the Catholic Church

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are highly sought by collectors. Until the adoption of the Euro, Vatican coinage and stamps were denominated in their own

1484:, on the opposite side of Rome, was their habitual residence for about a thousand years. From 1309 to 1377, they lived at 20488: 17257: 17071: 16969: 16856: 15679: 15339: 14914: 14513: 14495: 14080: 13660: 13490: 12398: 12145: 11217: 11064: 10883: 8981: 7133: 6705: 6469: 5174:. The city's postal service is sometimes said to be "the best in the world", and faster than the postal service in Rome. 5004: 4941: 3068:

and the President of the Governorate of Vatican City can be assisted by the Councilors of Vatican City State in drafting

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Tabelle climatiche 1971–2000 della stazione meteorologica di Roma-Ciampino Ponente dall'Atlante Climatico 1971–2000

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The particularly low quality of Vatican wine, even after the reclamation of the area, was commented on by the poet

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and people. The Governorate oversees the central governmental functions through several departments and offices.

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on 22 January 1506 as the Pope's personal bodyguard and continues to fulfill that function. It is listed in the

20533: 20528: 20029: 16746: 16365: 16012: 16004: 15992: 15896: 15344: 14423: 14034: 13763: 13475: 13162: 13132: 13112: 13052: 12842: 12558: 12096: 12088: 12000: 11861: 11841: 10976: 10733: 10437: 10233: 7510:[Origins and nature] (in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 5347: 4976: 4528: 4328: 3653: 3630:(ICJ). It does, however, engage with various UN specialized agencies through its observer status including the 3627: 896: 8824: 6008: 2606:

On 26 November 2008, the Vatican itself put into effect a plan announced in May 2007 to cover the roof of the

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would be the Vatican's central bank, with responsibilities similar to other central banks around the world.

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Operationally, there are departments that deal with health, security, telecommunications and other matters.

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on 13 March 2013. His principal subordinate government official for Vatican City as well as the country's

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to the present, without interruption even at times when it was deprived of territory (e.g. 1870 to 1929).

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Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.

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between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger

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by an 852-metre-long (932 yd) spur, 300 metres (330 yd) of which is within Vatican territory.

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Vatican City is one of the few widely recognised independent states that has not become a member of the

20364: 19653: 19360: 19143: 18998: 17055: 16080: 15795: 15756: 15382: 15184: 14909: 14714: 14576: 14228: 14141: 13645: 13443: 13097: 12749: 12715: 12674: 11660: 10821: 10651: 10638: 10520: 10377: 10210: 10135: 5220:. These innovations included, for example, the installation of a solar power system on the roof of the 4858: 4405: 3182: 2781:, a body of cardinals appointed by the Pope for five-year periods, executive power is exercised by the 2654:

The gardens date back to medieval times when orchards and vineyards extended to the north of the Papal

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remained active long after the ancient Basilica of St. Peter was built nearby. Remains of this ancient

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World History: A Dictionary of Important People, Places, and Events, from Ancient Times to the Present

5079:). Broadband service is widely provided within Vatican City. Vatican City has also been given a radio 2823:. Acting with three other cardinals chosen by lot every three days, one from each order of cardinals ( 1307:

33) drained the area and laid out her gardens in the early 1st century AD. In AD 40, her son, Emperor

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are of the highest historical, scientific and cultural importance. In 1984, the Vatican was added by

4255: 3672: 3585: 3315: 2647:

The gardens cover approximately 23 hectares (57 acres). The highest point is 60 metres (197 ft)

1782: 1663: 1256: 994: 502: 38: 10525: 9346: 7179:"Visualizzazione tabella CLINO della stazione / CLINO Averages Listed for the station Roma Ciampino" 4503:

in the "International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection" according to the 1954

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as its official language and Italian as its main working and diplomatic language; in addition, its

4621: 4441: 3736: 3626:. Since it is not a member of the UN, the Vatican City is not subjected to the jurisdiction of the 3422: 3194: 3147: 2999: 2983: 2707: 1932: 1722: 772: 355: 14702: 8492:"Jurisdictions participating in the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters" 5206: 16565: 16421: 16148: 15891: 15499: 15265: 15150: 14724: 14624: 14052: 14041: 13786: 13418: 13379: 13346: 12792: 12772: 12640: 12518: 12468: 12247: 12048: 11988: 11280: 11133: 10922: 10871: 10661: 10622: 10595: 10555: 10342: 10257: 10200: 6569: 6126: 6095: 5723: 5310: 5118: 4808: 4785: 4781: 4417: 4409: 4370: 4366: 3695: 3008: 2629: 2623: 1898: 1830: 1769:

that due to the terms of the Lateran Treaty, Vatican City's status as a sovereign state, and the

1686: 1613: 1565: 1543: 1217: 1029: 1013: 564: 10361: 8651: 7454: 7363: 6935: 5976: 5954: 4277:

individual guards take their oath of loyalty in their own languages: German, French, Italian or

3497: 1415:

from 1939 to 1941. The Constantinian basilica was built in 326 over what was believed to be the

20192: 20102: 19668: 17335: 17036: 16922: 16635: 15950: 15413: 15387: 14970: 14944: 14358: 13891: 13855: 13796: 13791: 13425: 13231: 13152: 13077: 12957: 12635: 12523: 12463: 12140: 12028: 11741: 11433: 11422: 11117: 11010: 10480: 9987:, vol. LXXI, no. 2 (8 February 2024), pp. 32, 34–35. "n Walton's view, there was scarcely a US 9835:

The Lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: The Catholic Church and the Division of Europe, 1943–1950

9007: 7997:

Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood

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Popes gradually came to have a secular role as governors of regions near Rome. They ruled the

20443: 17818: 17681: 17652: 16932: 16917: 16630: 16487: 16394: 16194: 16177: 16090: 16034: 15857: 15778: 15601: 15440: 15435: 15324: 14798: 14769: 14434: 14211: 13964: 13560: 13387: 12812: 12593: 12458: 12304: 12010: 11948: 11907: 11892: 11072: 11037: 10943: 10804: 10743: 10656: 10632: 10588: 10583: 10465: 10372: 10285: 10251: 9874: 9767: 8459: 8307: 6817: 5852: 5221: 5107: 5008: 4996: 4885: 4800: 4682: 4540: 4385: 3809: 3476: 3460: 3444: 3434: 3418: 3288: 2607: 1980: 1890: 1848: 1841:, and museums were built, along with various other buildings. The area was part of the Roman 1757: 1449: 1416: 1221: 1213: 1155: 1132: 1063: 625: 16982: 9671: 6608: 5146:

accredited to the Holy See, after which is placed the section on the State of Vatican City.

930:

With an area of 49 hectares (121 acres) and as of 2023 a population of about 764, it is the

883:

under "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" of the

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that was a long-term strategic success, with the possible exception of intervention in the

6504:, II, 93, translation by Clifford H. Moore (The Loeb Classical Library, first printed 1925) 6242:"Europe :: Holy See (Vatican City) — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency" 5458: 4917: 4866: 4862: 4750: 4746: 4686: 4516: 4453: 3407: 3220: 3078:

The directors and officials of these offices are appointed by the Pope for five-year terms.

2971: 2836: 2648: 1609: 635: 127: 20043: 7554: 7387: 7278: 7204: 6271: 3602: 1939:

in Saint Peter's Basilica and Square, tickets free of charge must be obtained beforehand.

1901:

which runs from close to the Tiber to St. Peter's. This grand approach was constructed by

8: 20303: 19698: 19340: 19007: 18511: 17928: 17774: 17607: 17405: 17213: 16937: 16927: 16876: 16734: 16720: 16580: 16322: 16085: 15938: 15423: 15408: 15362: 15181: 15002: 14975: 14583: 14414: 13753: 13655: 13448: 13432: 12952: 12862: 12313: 12257: 12205: 12106: 12068: 11771: 11725: 11408: 11249: 11124: 10986: 10738: 10540: 10510: 10068: 9195: 7707: 6960: 5579: 5373: 5300: 5249: 5138: 4907: 4873: 4796: 4765: 4726: 4614: 4496: 4429: 4317: 4310: 3330: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3246: 3003: 2748: 1600: 1572: 1527: 1488:

in France. On their return to Rome, they chose to live at the Vatican. They moved to the

1471: 1404: 1300: 864: 17753: 8427: 1271: 18486: 18223: 17673: 17249: 17225: 17002: 16771: 16695: 16663: 16482: 16451: 16288: 16276: 16137: 16075: 15852: 15790: 15715: 15521: 15479: 15473: 15014: 14821: 14744: 14223: 13773: 13590: 12448: 12440: 12183: 11884: 11851: 11783: 11261: 10888: 10816: 10605: 10550: 10367: 10300: 10087: 9645: 9324: 8159: 6928: 5926: 5888: 5225: 4933: 4911: 4835: 4804: 4670: 4592: 4505:

Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict

3755: 3709: 3623: 3411: 3304:

Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict

3267:(also called the Swiss voulge), and trained in bodyguarding tactics. Together with the 3256: 3174: 3136: 3095: 2975: 2883: 2636:), which account for about half of this territory. The gardens, established during the 1947:. Other places are open to only those individuals who have business to transact there. 1921: 1658:

In December 1942, the British envoy to the Holy See suggested that Rome be declared an

1369: 1361: 846: 16791: 9378:[New headquarters from 1 March 2024] (in Italian). Pontifical Academy for Life 9302: 8982:"Raising Children Within the Vatican: Life of a Swiss Guard Familydate =5 August 2019" 7618: 7421: 7103: 3236:

were historically recruited by Popes as part of an army for the Papal States, and the

2662:(Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1277–1280) moved his residence back to the Vatican from the 2571:

https://weatherspark.com/h/y/71896/2022/Historical-Weather-during-2022-in-Vatican-City

20323: 20162: 19858: 19260: 18825: 17872: 17380: 17171: 17076: 16851: 16837: 16811: 16796: 16700: 16685: 16615: 16605: 16474: 16406: 16307: 16271: 16167: 15516: 15461: 14749: 14505: 14482: 14099: 14019: 14014: 13954: 13884: 13733: 12969: 12294: 12174: 11941: 11897: 11710: 11229: 11177: 10646: 10610: 10421: 10382: 9992: 9949: 9926: 9899: 9880: 9859: 9853: 9838: 9819: 9165: 8269: 8001: 7623: 7478:"UN News – FEATURE: Diplomacy of the conscience – The Holy See at the United Nations" 6992: 6987: 6939: 6734: 6728: 6688: 6367: 5915: 5867: 5835: 5338:

Many other languages are used by institutions situated within the state, such as the

5228:

as soon as its supply was depleted, well before the 2021 deadline established by the

5094: 5034: 4985: 4854: 4718: 4659: 4633: 4457: 4325: 4305:(birth within the territory of the state), citizenship of Vatican City is granted on 4269: 3657: 3342: 3126: 2936: 2716: 2713: 2659: 2588: 2520: 1976: 1641: 1620:

The Holy See, which governed the Vatican City, pursued a policy of neutrality during

1535: 1500:

in 1870 retired to the Vatican, and what had been their residence became that of the

1467: 1458:

The Italian peninsula in 1796. The Papal States in central Italy are coloured purple.

1244:, the Romans considered this originally uninhabited part of Rome dismal and ominous. 892: 474: 368: 365: 310: 157: 62:

This article is about the city-state in Europe. For the city-state's government, see

8800: 4610: 3219:

As Vatican City is an enclave within Italy, its military defence is provided by the

1698:

during the war. By the end of World War II, there were several prominent vacancies:

1046: 1028:. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique 240: 20182: 19637: 19564: 18755: 18722: 18541: 17960: 17810: 17061: 16866: 16846: 16766: 16751: 16650: 16552: 16426: 16266: 16224: 16219: 16199: 16182: 16095: 15773: 15656: 15511: 15506: 15329: 15299: 15219: 15214: 15065: 14960: 14206: 13977: 13595: 13369: 13331: 13289: 13217: 13212: 13179: 12986: 12919: 12882: 12877: 12857: 12852: 12777: 12630: 12620: 12580: 12111: 11929: 11912: 11643: 11582: 11106: 10799: 10693: 10455: 10445: 10431: 10408: 10389: 10116: 9988: 9596: 8293: 7613: 6982: 6972: 5594: 5445: 5377: 5361: 5343: 5202: 5143: 5072: 4603: 4564: 4536: 4321: 4278: 3773: 3680: 3372: 2916: 2811:, to which is entrusted the administration of the property and protection of other 2808: 2655: 2568:

https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/noaa-earth-had-its-third-warmest-year-record-2017

1902: 1834: 1640:

forces pushing them out in 1944, both sides respected the Vatican City's status as

1568: 1474: 1377: 1088: 971: 947: 830: 787: 460: 315: 303: 211: 165: 89: 20132: 12835: 10107: 9404:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 8231:"Inter Sanctam Sedem et Italiae Regnum Conventiones* Initae Die 11 Februarii 1929" 8040:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7975:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7944:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7918:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7892:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7866:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7840:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7814:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 7788:(in Italian). Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services 6788:"Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri" 6755:"Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 – Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri" 4898:, though it has participated in some international sporting events, including the 3622:

in 1968; the only other country in a similar position is the partially recognised

3348: 2944:

of Vatican City, a function dependent on his primordial function as bishop of the

2765: 1054:, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city-state named after 737: 20242: 19554: 19404: 19217: 18120: 17865: 17778: 17586: 17465: 17292: 17119: 17086: 17030: 17024: 16881: 16786: 16690: 16502: 15996: 15961: 15812: 15710: 15703: 15671: 15309: 15117: 15033: 14955: 14350: 13936: 13830: 13713: 13570: 13535: 13341: 13336: 13261: 13256: 13197: 13122: 12872: 12802: 12334: 12275: 11825: 11736: 11731: 11715: 11705: 11161: 11025: 10948: 10568: 10497: 10426: 9764: 9632: 9128: 9111: 9056: 8831: 8807: 8384: 8365: 8343: 8314: 8289: 8211: 8191: 7755: 7693: 7587: 7370: 7335: 7308: 7290: 7267: 7165: 6685: 6628: 6615: 6582: 6565: 6182: 6060: 5983: 5961: 5859: 5831: 5558: 5530: 5510: 5369: 5365: 5224:. In July 2019, it was announced that Vatican City would ban the use and sale of 5030: 5018: 4823: 4777: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4625: 4488: 4484: 4400: 3820: 3701: 3649:

are signatory states that have not ratified and Russia withdrew from it in 2016.

3439: 3334: 3104: 2949: 2945: 2927:

is at the window marked by a maroon banner hanging from the windowsill at centre.

2832: 2828: 2824: 2600: 2579:

In July 2007, the Vatican accepted a proposal by two firms based respectively in

1940: 1864: 1645: 1579: 1523: 1497: 1489: 1329: 1151: 1025: 1021: 975: 959: 849: 18680: 10031: 9974: 9942:

Un destino di marginalità: storia e topografia dell'area vaticana nell'antichità

8742:"Agreements on monetary relations (Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican and Andorra)" 6152: 6122: 6091: 5133:

of the Holy See, which has an appendix for documents of the Vatican City State.

5056: 3715: 18424: 17843: 17540: 17355: 17182: 17007: 16801: 16776: 16740: 16680: 16673: 16668: 16658: 16512: 16497: 16436: 16312: 16302: 16058: 15916: 15869: 15839: 15833: 15618: 15611: 15494: 15377: 15304: 15252: 15224: 15172: 15095: 14656: 14616: 14418: 14362: 14181: 14136: 14068: 14024: 14002: 13997: 13748: 13677: 13525: 13460: 13246: 13236: 13222: 13207: 12887: 12782: 12666: 12645: 12179: 12058: 12033: 12005: 11936: 11757: 11329: 11304: 10903: 10776: 10723: 10470: 10333: 10295: 10263: 10055: 9979:

Spying Through a Glass Darkly: The Ethics of Espionage and Counter-Intelligence

8319: 5486: 5476: 5229: 5167: 5015: 4600: 4552: 4445: 3751: 3747: 3720: 3615: 3607: 3403: 3284: 3280: 3252: 3241: 3178: 3090: 3086: 2867: 2848: 2740: 2733: 2663: 1917: 1882: 1875: 1838: 1801: 1796: 1561: 1555: 1513: 1481: 1423: 1333: 1322: 1176: 1171: 1080: 1051: 1017: 998: 967: 955: 876: 838: 487: 417: 335: 225: 104: 18955: 16375: 10064: 6713: 5717: 3223:. However, there is no formal defence treaty with Italy, as Vatican City is a 1855:(847–855), and later expanded by the current fortification walls, built under 1718:, having announced his intention to do so in his preceding Christmas message. 1032:

is supported financially by donations from Catholic believers, by the sale of

20437: 20419: 20406: 20212: 20047: 20039: 19454: 18364: 18056: 17877: 17625: 17591: 17425: 17066: 16992: 16958: 16942: 16902: 16585: 16560: 16336: 16246: 16231: 16153: 15122: 14887: 14367: 14009: 13972: 13921: 13918: 13640: 13600: 13485: 13407: 13392: 13241: 13202: 13008: 12892: 12689: 12358: 12073: 11675: 11596: 11589: 11575: 11094: 11084: 10573: 10485: 10450: 10059: 9811: 9169: 9020: 8621: 7230: 6996: 5277: 5090: 5084: 4895: 4769: 4617: 4607: 4532: 4465: 4433: 4295: 3452: 3224: 3108: 2941: 2580: 2399: 1856: 1822: 1625: 1501: 1412: 1373: 1197: 1033: 1006: 982: 684: 283: 270: 18865: 11272: 6219: 3035:

Acts of the commission must be approved by the Pope, through the Holy See's

2819:(papal vacancy). Those of the Vatican State remain under the control of the 1208:

is attested until the 1st century AD: afterwards, another toponym appeared,

985:

of the Catholic Church, which has approximately 1.329 billion baptised

19838: 19688: 19524: 19237: 19117: 18566: 17630: 17596: 17176: 17051: 16907: 16871: 16610: 16532: 16376: 16122: 16117: 16100: 15661: 15571: 15538: 15486: 15285: 15108: 15081: 14764: 14666: 14128: 14029: 13928: 13615: 13550: 13480: 13470: 13397: 13297: 13266: 13042: 12991: 12701: 12598: 12369: 12286: 12242: 12237: 12227: 12038: 11965: 11746: 11603: 11089: 10768: 10698: 10280: 10221: 9996: 9280: 8771: 8715: 7255: 6632: 5454: 5263: 5217: 5025:, mainly used to transport freight, connected to Italy's network at Rome's 4678: 4588: 4584: 4572: 4524: 4520: 4477: 4469: 4425: 3759: 3399: 3364: 3292: 3162: 3151: 3033:. Its members are cardinals appointed by the Pope for terms of five years. 2967: 2963: 2924: 2879: 2816: 2769: 1860: 1814: 1791:

Map of Vatican City, highlighting notable buildings and the Vatican gardens

1770: 1730: 1629: 1621: 1583: 1546:". Forced to give up secular power, the popes focused on spiritual issues. 1539: 1463: 1443: 1384: 1357: 1353: 1296: 1189: 1136: 1055: 1002: 990: 974:

within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the

402: 19818: 18199: 9701: 9105:"Behind The Walls: What It's Like To Live Inside The Vatican, For A Woman" 9075:"Vatican City drinks more wine per person than anywhere else in the world" 8956:"Behind The Walls: What It's Like To Live Inside The Vatican, For A Woman" 6977: 915:, the city-state's and worldwide Catholic Church government Holy See, and 249: 19320: 19270: 19181: 19171: 19087: 17708: 17525: 17460: 16977: 16806: 16781: 16756: 16729: 16716: 16625: 16527: 16214: 15881: 15768: 15688: 15623: 15606: 15566: 15372: 14982: 14201: 14090: 13941: 13811: 13667: 13540: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13495: 12797: 12732: 12588: 12513: 12491: 12339: 12101: 12063: 10851: 10794: 5619: 5102: 4843: 4714: 4690: 4596: 4290: 3781: 3676: 3519: 3456: 3391: 3272: 3228: 3069: 3018: 2953: 2871: 2760: 2637: 2611: 1852: 1818: 1726: 1493: 1408: 1365: 1341: 1304: 1275:

An early interpretation of the relative locations of the circus, and the

1193: 916: 888: 381: 330: 19738: 18576: 11368: 10149: 8205:"Man seriously injured after setting self on fire in St. Peter's Square" 5064:

The City is served by an independent, modern telephone system named the

3819:

Vatican. All citizens, residents, and places of worship in the city are

1360:. The circus became the site of martyrdom for many Christians after the 20343: 20232: 20094: 19888: 19748: 19718: 19647: 19204: 19137: 19017: 18792: 18650: 18620: 18404: 18064: 18024: 17495: 17455: 17435: 17415: 17320: 16761: 16346: 15651: 15526: 15430: 15418: 15392: 15290: 14965: 14163: 13505: 13500: 13324: 13251: 12867: 12787: 12418: 7347:"Going green: Vatican expands mission to saving planet, not just souls" 6620: 5080: 5041: 4929: 4851: 4734: 4722: 4340: 4260: 3514:

in its regard. Vatican City thus has no diplomatic service of its own.

3326: 3260: 1542:(1846–1878), the last ruler of the Papal States, was referred to as a " 1146: 860: 856: 261: 20112: 7302:"Carbon offsets: How a Vatican forest failed to reduce global warming" 4932:

and police and museum guard teams. The association also organizes the

3823:. The city also receives thousands of tourists and workers every day. 1787: 20313: 20084: 19868: 19604: 19574: 19544: 19280: 19247: 19227: 19151: 19027: 18985: 18975: 18915: 18640: 18531: 18521: 18453: 18255: 18183: 18104: 18040: 17952: 17837:

Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.

17658: 17430: 15800: 15635: 15576: 15445: 14871: 14686: 14334: 14233: 13610: 13605: 13575: 13271: 13034: 13018: 13003: 12847: 12737: 12615: 12605: 12473: 12252: 10826: 9626:

On call 24/7: Vatican phone system directs thousands of call each day

9425:"Vatican sends holy rouleur Down Under on world road cycling mission" 9254: 8716:"A Glimpse Inside the Vatican & Msgr. Robert Deeley's Guest Post" 8136:. Office of the President of Vatican City State. 2007. Archived from 8110:. Office of the President of Vatican City State. 2007. Archived from 5290: 5098: 4870: 4819: 4761: 4742: 4730: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4560: 4548: 3785: 3291:, the last armed forces of the Vatican City State, were disbanded by 3233: 3143: 2982:, who since 1952 exercises the functions previously belonging to the 1870: 1810: 1745: 1659: 1392: 1260: 1185: 986: 880: 761: 603: 361: 17236: 8845:"Vatican financial system restructuring begins with new secretariat" 4971: 3534:

European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations

1927:

Castel Gandolfo and the named basilicas are patrolled internally by

942:

in the world. As governed by the Holy See, Vatican City State is an

20333: 20252: 20222: 20172: 20020: 19963: 19788: 19758: 19594: 19504: 19474: 19414: 19394: 19350: 19290: 18965: 18812: 18670: 18394: 18374: 18295: 18231: 18080: 18048: 18032: 18000: 17850: 17800: 17770: 17691: 17686: 17576: 17510: 17505: 17480: 17340: 17220: 16575: 16329: 16317: 15945: 15911: 15886: 15591: 15241: 15159: 15090: 15073: 15009: 14117: 13907: 13850: 13758: 13585: 12684: 12053: 11778: 11256: 11139: 10205: 10139: 10120: 8561:"Vatican should bring money-laundering cases to trial, watchdog..." 8401: 6301: 5504: 5339: 4992: 4773: 4674: 4637: 4580: 4568: 4449: 4421: 4301: 3569: 3539: 3166: 2932: 2911: 2874:. In the first decades of the existence of the Vatican City State, 2720: 2584: 1345: 1308: 1212:, denoting an area much more restricted: the Vatican Hill, today's 1163: 1116: 981:

The Holy See dates back to early Christianity and is the principal

951: 884: 679: 607: 387: 63: 18802: 17745: 11794: 10019: 8358:"Vatican City State: Participation in International Organizations" 6034: 4416:

Vatican City is home to some of the most famous art in the world.

4373:(centre) and out into Rome, showing Vatican City in all directions 1480:

For most of this time, the popes did not live at the Vatican. The

20273: 20202: 20057: 20003: 19973: 19808: 19798: 19778: 19584: 19494: 19384: 19310: 19300: 19127: 19107: 19057: 18945: 18895: 18885: 18855: 18703: 18610: 18473: 18463: 18384: 18334: 18318: 18271: 18263: 18159: 17795: 17535: 17485: 17445: 17400: 17395: 17385: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17345: 17330: 17325: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17300: 16832: 16446: 16068: 15596: 15556: 13555: 12393: 12267: 12210: 11751: 10071: 5623: 5305: 5154: 5130: 4847: 4815: 4706: 4576: 4556: 4473: 4437: 4299:(birth from a citizen, even outside the state's territory) or on 3642: 3264: 3117: 2641: 2603:

to do more to safeguard the planet. Nothing came of the project.

1989:

ever recorded was 40.8 °C (105.4 °F), on 28 June 2022.

1964:

St. Peter's Square, the basilica and obelisk, from Piazza Pio XII

1826: 1485: 1287: 1252: 1248: 1201: 908: 852: 456: 343: 9773: 7726:"In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook?" 6961:"The International Legal Status of the Vatican/Holy See Complex" 2747:, with all the rights of a full member except for a vote in the 1391:

in the first half of the 4th century. A shrine dedicated to the

1372:. In 1586, the obelisk was relocated to its current position by 20484:

Countries and territories where Italian is an official language

20293: 20283: 20152: 20142: 20122: 19983: 19918: 19898: 19848: 19828: 19768: 19627: 19514: 19484: 19464: 19364: 19330: 19097: 19047: 19037: 18935: 18875: 18845: 18835: 18690: 18443: 18342: 18326: 18310: 18279: 18239: 18191: 18151: 18144: 18128: 18112: 18096: 18072: 18008: 17984: 17976: 17968: 17919: 17703: 17581: 17555: 17530: 17520: 17500: 17490: 17475: 17470: 17450: 17420: 17390: 17375: 17350: 17284: 16998:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

16441: 16351: 16256: 15354: 14322: 13708: 13013: 12998: 12942: 12909: 11378: 10111: 10004: 9049: 7581:

Learning with the Times: 7 Nation Still Under Absolute Monarchy

7364:"Vatican wins award for creating rooftop solar-power generator" 7134:"Vatican City 2022 Past Weather (Vatican City) - Weather Spark" 5110:. Television services are provided through another entity, the 4492: 4264:

The Seal of Vatican City. Note the use of the Italian language.

3784:. This followed the charging of two senior clerics including a 3646: 3511: 3319: 3122: 3113: 3073: 2743:. The Holy See, which is distinct from Vatican City State, has 1738: 1522:, the Pope's holdings were left in an uncertain situation when 1396: 710: 9855:

Vatican Diplomacy and the Jews During the Holocaust, 1939–1943

9472: 5158:

The Vatican's post office was established on 11 February 1929.

4928:, with eight teams, including, for example, the Swiss Guard's 2712:

The politics of Vatican City takes place in the context of an

1690:

View of St. Peter's Square from the top of Michelangelo's dome

808: 20074: 19993: 19944: 19878: 19708: 19678: 19444: 19434: 19424: 19374: 19077: 19067: 18925: 18765: 18732: 18287: 18247: 18175: 18136: 17805: 17515: 17440: 17410: 15586: 15561: 15231: 15167: 13806: 12974: 12938: 11313: 9597:"The Vatican Museums & St Peter's, Rome; getting there -" 7656:"Universi Dominici Gregis (February 22, 1996) | John Paul II" 5680: 5423: 5353: 5003:, and is served by the airports that serve the city of Rome, 4472:. Artists who decorated the interiors of the Vatican include 4273: 3740: 3472: 3368: 3276: 3170: 3031:

President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

2980:

President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

2901:

President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

1894: 1843: 1806: 1454: 1400: 1265: 1241: 1181: 1159: 1104: 872: 14715:

Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

10341: 9969:

Shaw, Tamsin, "Ethical Espionage" (review of Calder Walton,

8871:"The Vatican Will Create a NFT Gallery to 'Democratize Art'" 8084:(in Italian). Stato della Città del Vaticano. Archived from 4772:, but they have progressively become useless or limited for 3704:

and post office and is supported financially by the sale of

3645:

is also a non-party, non-signatory state, while Ukraine and

3634:, to which it contributed US$ 20,000 between 2006 and 2022. 3421:

is part of Vatican territory, it is normally safeguarded by

3227:. Vatican City has no armed forces of its own, although the 2651:. Stone walls bound the area in the north, south, and west. 1886:

a small part of the frontier a modern wall was constructed.

1564:

between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy was signed by

19728: 19534: 18905: 18660: 18630: 18215: 18207: 18167: 18088: 18016: 17992: 17696: 15581: 15163: 15140: 15105: 15056: 14597: 14125: 13925: 13876: 12979: 12698: 10765: 10217: 10131: 9782:"Vatican City State set to end sale of single-use plastics" 8837: 7279:

Climate forest makes Vatican the first carbon-neutral state

6515:

Outline of St. Peter's, Old St. Peter's, and Circus of Nero

5163: 4949: 4945: 3763: 3668: 3451:

Crime in Vatican City consists largely of purse snatching,

3139:, disciplinary, personnel and personnel selection matters. 3022: 2896: 1998:(data of Aeroporto Roma-Ciampino "Giovan Battista Pastine") 1920:, enjoy extraterritorial status similar to that of foreign 1519: 1364:

in AD 64. Tradition states that it was in this circus that

1332:

in St. Peter's Square is the last visible remnant from the

1312: 1225: 1120: 1059: 1012:

Vatican City contains religious and cultural sites such as

912: 868: 599: 396: 8746:

Activities of the European Union: Summaries of legislation

6366:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 405. 5726:

from the original on 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.

5658:"Pope ditches Latin as official language of Vatican synod" 5172:

Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State

2666:

and enclosed this area with walls. He planted an orchard (

1560:

This situation was resolved on 11 February 1929, when the

1058:, the geographic location of the state within the city of 19908: 19161: 16887:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

15025: 10898: 10143: 9450:"Vatican runner to compete in half marathon at Med Games" 8591:"Top 5 financial transgressions committed by the Vatican" 7594:, published 10 November 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2020. 5507:(except English and Italian as already mentioned above): 5076: 4710: 3797: 3307: 2815:

of the Holy See during the period of the empty throne or

1795:

The name "Vatican" was already in use in the time of the

1431: 1427: 1170:

The name "Vatican" was already in use in the time of the

802: 796: 696: 17279: 14832:

House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul

7606:"The Pope's Household And Court In The Early Modern Age" 7476:

Section, United Nations News Service (7 February 2017).

7168: – Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare 6470:"Damien Martin, "Wine and Drunkenness in Roman Society"" 6298:"Catholics increasing worldwide, reaching 1.329 billion" 3743:, possibly the only ATM in the world with this feature. 3394:, or police and security force, of Vatican City and the 2695:

Panorama of the gardens viewed from St. Peter's Basilica

1912:

that are located in Italian territory, most notably the

15089: 8825:"U.S. adds Vatican to money-laundering 'concern' list." 4869:

thanks to its extensive library, which also includes a

3564:

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization

9971:

Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East and West

9946:

La Spina: dall'Agro vaticano a via della Conciliazione

9923:

La Spina: dall'Agro vaticano a via della Conciliazione

8847:. The Italy News.Net. 25 February 2014. Archived from 7330:

published 19 September 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2012

7152: 2599:

in Hungary, as a purely symbolic gesture to encourage

16918:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

9944:". In Claudio Parisi Presicce; Laura Petacco (eds.). 9921:". In Claudio Parisi Presicce; Laura Petacco (eds.). 8958:. NET TV – Catholic TV from the Diocese of Brooklyn. 8710: 4955: 3173:

territory, but they are granted the same immunity as

3040:, and must be published in a special appendix of the 1733:, as expressed in a letter of 14 September 1970. The 1005:(756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of 805: 14725:

Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches

8907:(in Italian). Vatican City State. 22 February 2011. 5239: 5051: 4924:, which holds the national championship, called the 4412:, the most renowned work of Renaissance architecture 3791:

Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

2956:. His official title with regard to Vatican City is 1383:

Opposite the circus was a cemetery separated by the

1348:. The obelisk originally stood at the centre of the 875:. It became independent from Italy in 1929 with the 799: 793: 14900: 14782: 10601:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

9816:

Britain and the Vatican During the Second World War

6440: 6438: 6436: 1526:by Italian forces, thus bringing to completion the 1411:until it was systematically excavated by orders of 1220:. Because of its vicinity to Rome's archenemy, the 790: 15991: 9728:"Hail Marys Not Needed: Vatican Mail Will Deliver" 9155: 8931: 8929: 8185:"Vatican surpasses all nations... in pickpockets?" 7453:. Uffici di Presidenza S.C.V. 2007. Archived from 7285:, published 23 July 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2007 7262:, published 13 July 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2007 6927: 4832:International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics 4448:is famous for its frescos, which include works by 3597: 3552:International Institute of Administrative Sciences 3540:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization 2644:era, are decorated with fountains and sculptures. 1809:across from the city of Rome, located between the 1534:certain papal prerogatives were recognised by the 1184:across from the city of Rome, located between the 20028: 19952: 15335:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province 9770:– General Information. Retrieved 23 October 2009. 8674: 8353: 8351: 7029:, Central Intelligence Agency, 28 December 2022, 6011:(in Italian). Vatican City State. 16 March 2024. 5914: 5316:Timeline of fictional stories set in Vatican City 4910:. The country has its own athletics association, 4272:, but, unlike the Holy See which most often uses 1874:Territory of Vatican City State according to the 1507: 970:(1309–1377) the popes have mainly resided at the 20435: 16988:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 9154:Miller, Anne; Mitchinson, John (14 March 2013). 9153: 8939:(in Italian). Vatican City State. Archived from 8126: 7207:. The Global Warming Policy Forum. 26 May 2010. 6892: 6890: 6635:, translated and edited with an introduction by 6433: 5587: 3306:provides international legal protection against 1975:Vatican City's climate is the same as Rome's: a 1240:), and for being subjected to the floods of the 1078:, located in the general area the Romans called 20369: Also the seat of the European Union, see 9480:"Promoting solidarity and peace through sports" 9196:"History, Architects, Relics, Art, & Facts" 8926: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8258:"Researching the Law of the Vatican City State" 7549: 7547: 7353:, published 25 May 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007 5033:was the first Pope to make use of the railway; 4677:located in Vatican City, which deals also with 4316:The Holy See, not being a country, issues only 3522:and Germany's when the Allies controlled Rome. 3361:Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State 3322:", which was inaugurated in 1980, a two-storey 3207:Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State 3188: 3013:Palace of the Governorate of Vatican City State 1773:'s status as a head of state, are problematic. 11488:The Fall and Expulsion from the Garden of Eden 9157:"QI: some quite interesting facts about Popes" 8348: 7604:Visceglia, Maria Antonietta (1 January 2011). 7089: 7087: 6921: 6919: 6639:(New York, London: Harper & brothers 1926) 3652:The Vatican City State is not a member of the 3637:The Vatican City State is not a member of the 3058:each appointed by the Pope for five-year terms 1632:troops occupied Rome after the September 1943 1492:in 1583, after work on it was completed under 897:the city-state's temporal power and governance 18727:, Flemish Community and French Community 17905: 17265: 15977: 15041: 14883:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide 13892: 11810: 11302: 11288: 10165: 10127:The Vatican: spirit and art of Christian Rome 9837:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. 9255:"Vatican City – UNESCO World Heritage Centre" 8622:"The Vatican Bank is rocked by scandal again" 6887: 6720: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5864:International Encyclopedia of Human Geography 5655: 5602: 5435: 4999:. Vatican City is one of the few independent 4339:In statistics comparing countries in various 3618:(UN), but was granted observer status to the 3161:Due to obvious territorial constraints, many 2923:), the official residence of the Pope. Here, 2628:Within the territory of Vatican City are the 1098: 1092: 203: 155: 81: 17631:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark 9700:. Vatican Philatelic Society. Archived from 9416: 8889: 8323:. 19 January 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2010. 7810:[Executive and legislative bodies]. 7808:"Organi del potere legislativo ed esecutivo" 7705:One of the titles of the Pope listed in the 7544: 7233:. United Press International. 13 July 2007. 6841: 6839: 6412: 6364:New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome 5970: 5572: 5566: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5518: 4859:Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences 3762:currency, which was on par with the Italian 3066:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State 3027:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State 2907:List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State 2821:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State 2779:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State 1905:after the conclusion of the Lateran Treaty. 1376:using a method devised by Italian architect 1299:, many villas were constructed there, after 1115:; this is used in official documents by the 205:Sigillo dello Stato della Città del Vaticano 18817:, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 18760:, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders 17920:Capitals of European states and territories 14311:Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe 9981:, Oxford University Press, 251 pp., 2024), 9327:. The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 8801:Holy See's budget shortfall shrinks in 2008 8225: 8223: 8152: 8000:. Cambridge University Press. p. 396. 7610:Royal Courts in Dynastic States and Empires 7256:Vatican signs up for a carbon offset forest 7084: 6916: 6712:(Sixth ed.). 2001–2005. Archived from 6325: 6323: 5474:, and therefore official, pronunciation is 5446:[ˈstaːtodellatʃitˈtaddelvatiˈkaːno] 5071:The Vatican also controls its own Internet 4904:Championships of the Small States of Europe 3700:The Vatican City State budget includes the 3493:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See 3396:extraterritorial properties of the Holy See 3359:Civil defence is the responsibility of the 1756:Construction in 1995 of a new guest house, 1316: 1109: 1073: 1067: 1062:. "Vatican" is derived from the name of an 217: 96: 23: 20449:States and territories established in 1929 17912: 17898: 17272: 17258: 17003:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 16953:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 15984: 15970: 15048: 15034: 13899: 13885: 13739:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 11817: 11803: 11666:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 11295: 11281: 10172: 10158: 10078:Vatican Chief of State and Cabinet Members 9999:) and perhaps support for the anti-Soviet 9893: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9442: 9249: 9247: 8953: 8902:"Law on citizenship, residence and access" 8283:How Does Vatican City Deal With Criminals? 7441: 7439: 7406: 7380: 6782: 6780: 6361: 6210: 6208: 6145: 5992: 5787: 5785: 5487:[ˈstatʊskiːwɪˈtaːtɪswaːtɪˈkaːnae̯] 4293:of other states, which is based either on 3459:by outsiders. The tourist foot-traffic in 2958:Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City 962:. The highest state functionaries are all 736: 248: 59:Enclaved Holy See's independent city-state 24: 20371:Institutional seats of the European Union 20278:, Corsica Collectivité (France) 11465:The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 10628:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri 10179: 9973:, Simon and Schuster, 2023, 672 pp.; and 9818:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8100: 7617: 7603: 7060: 7058: 7056: 6986: 6976: 6900:. Vatican City Government. Archived from 6836: 5688:"What language is spoken at the Vatican?" 3398:. The corps is responsible for security, 2993: 1908:According to the Lateran Treaty, certain 514:0.49 km (0.19 sq mi) ( 17853:which has sovereignty over Vatican City. 15276:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 14640:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 9939: 9894:Ricci, Corrado; Begni, Ernesto (2003) . 9810: 8772:"Benedict Vatican euros set for release" 8558: 8220: 7756:"Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT" 7249: 6881: 6726: 6444: 6320: 5179:international postal country code prefix 5153: 5055: 4970: 4404: 4259: 3958:Vatican City population on 1 March 2011 3828:Vatican City population on 26 June 2023 3796:In 2022, the Vatican planned to release 3714: 3614:The Vatican City is not a member of the 3601: 3591:World Intellectual Property Organization 3505:, an entrance to Vatican City from Italy 3496: 3438: 3347: 3215:A guard of the Vatican at his sentry box 3210: 3007: 2910: 2764: 1869: 1805:, a marshy area on the west bank of the 1786: 1685: 1599: 1453: 1286: 1270: 1180:, a marshy area on the west bank of the 1145: 932:smallest state in the world both by area 32:This is an accepted version of this page 15320:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church 15315:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles 9912: 9896:The Vatican: Its History, Its Treasures 9879:. London: New Holland. pp. 85–96. 9756:"International postal code: SCV-00120." 9721: 9719: 9558: 9244: 8588: 8297:. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2013. 7993: 7475: 7436: 6777: 6456: 6205: 6120: 5920:"Fundamental Law of Vatican City State" 5782: 5764:"Internet Portal of Vatican City State" 5719:Solemn oath of the Vatican Swiss guards 5397: 5395: 5046:Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani 4334: 4324:passports, whereas Vatican City issues 2990:, who was appointed on 1 October 2021. 1466:, which covered a large portion of the 14: 20436: 12198: 9995:(a disastrous military fiasco for the 9851: 9540:"Holy See – State of the Vatican City" 9422: 9069: 9067: 8954:MrowiÅ„ska, Alina (26 February 2013). 8782:from the original on 11 September 2014 8704: 8619: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7447:"Official Vatican City State Website: 7093:Lateran Treaty of 1929, Articles 13–16 7053: 6925: 6589:from the original on 15 September 2019 6482:from the original on 18 September 2014 6394:from the original on 12 September 2020 5738:"Vatican City :: Italy Explained" 5296:Index of Vatican City-related articles 4780:in their locations: Vatican City (the 4760:Some of the Vatican telescopes of the 4420:, whose successive architects include 3719:Vatican Museums' "New Wing", built by 3479:), with costs covered by the Vatican. 2864:Hereditary officers of the Roman Curia 2860:Prefecture of the Pontifical Household 1893:, distinguished from the territory of 1259:, when the northern army that brought 20379: Continental placement may vary 17893: 17253: 17241: 17240: 15965: 15029: 14377: 13880: 11798: 11458:The Separation of Light from Darkness 11276: 10153: 9725: 9261:from the original on 25 December 2017 9188: 8962:from the original on 13 November 2022 8662:from the original on 15 December 2019 8378:"Bilateral Relations of the Holy See" 8134:"Administrations and Central Offices" 7666:from the original on 22 November 2019 7636:from the original on 24 February 2023 7140:from the original on 11 December 2023 7114:from the original on 21 November 2019 6965:European Journal of International Law 6958: 6824:from the original on 15 December 2013 6650:"Altar dedicated to Cybele and Attis" 6601: 6264: 5485: 5477:[ˈstatustʃiviˈtatisvatiˈkane] 5475: 5444: 5389:All powers delegated by the sovereign 4850:. In addition, it has contributed to 4812:Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope 4667:Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 4657:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 4268:Vatican City has no formally enacted 3558:International Telecommunication Union 3135:There are also subsidiary bodies for 2726: 1766:European Journal of International Law 1694:Pius XII had refrained from creating 1566:Prime Minister and Head of Government 20217:, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto) 17933:states whose sovereignty is disputed 11063: 9832: 9716: 9577:from the original on 10 October 2017 9423:Pender, Kieran (23 September 2022). 9176:from the original on 10 January 2022 9135:from the original on 5 February 2019 9031:from the original on 6 February 2015 8722:from the original on 20 October 2007 8692:from the original on 26 January 2022 8589:Perryer, Sophie (20 November 2018). 8559:Pullella, Philip (8 December 2017). 8255: 8237:from the original on 19 January 2021 7488:from the original on 2 February 2018 7394:from the original on 4 November 2021 7324:"Dangers lurk in offset investments" 7237:from the original on 12 January 2009 7072:from the original on 19 January 2021 7033:from the original on 26 January 2022 7003:from the original on 22 January 2021 6798:from the original on 19 January 2021 6765:from the original on 19 January 2021 6656:from the original on 24 January 2012 6252:from the original on 26 January 2022 6216:"Text of the Lateran Treaty of 1929" 6071:from the original on 8 December 2021 6041:from the original on 19 January 2020 5803:from the original on 26 January 2022 5766:. Vatican City State. Archived from 5698:from the original on 5 November 2023 5392: 5083:, HV, and this is sometimes used by 4920:in Vatican City is organized by the 4890:Vatican City is not a member of the 4390: 3482: 3269:Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City 3203:Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City 2587:, whereby it would become the first 1103:, meaning 'Vatican City State'. Its 954:state ruled by the Pope, who is the 20454:1929 establishments in Vatican City 20328:, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan) 20318:, Åland Islands (Finland) 19988:, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 18580:, Faroe Islands (Denmark) 16857:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 15340:Sovereign of the Vatican City State 14915:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 11824: 11351:The Punishment of the Sons of Korah 10893: 9738:from the original on 1 January 2008 9672:"Vatican Television Center – Index" 9064: 9006:Vatican City State appendix to the 8166:from the original on 8 January 2008 7956: 7762:from the original on 9 October 2020 7211:from the original on 2 January 2015 7185:from the original on 19 August 2011 6583:"St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles" 6193:from the original on 25 August 2018 6089: 5824:Encyclopedia of World Constitutions 5005:Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport 4944:, which is neither affiliated with 4942:Vatican City national football team 4591:issues, with interests also in the 4313:as provided in the Lateran Treaty. 2870:). They also formed the ceremonial 1929:police agents of Vatican City State 1681: 1549: 1389:Constantinian Basilica of St. Peter 549:1,559/km (4,037.8/sq mi) ( 219:Sigillum Status Civitatis Vaticanae 56: 20381:depending on geographic convention 20237:, Castile and León (de facto) 16412:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 15261:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 15238:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 14920:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua 14630:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 9963: 9460:from the original on 17 March 2024 9232:from the original on 22 April 2022 8752:from the original on 27 March 2010 8682:"Holy See (Vatican City): Economy" 8601:from the original on 27 March 2019 8440:from the original on 7 August 2022 8014:from the original on 14 April 2021 7231:"The Vatican to go carbon neutral" 6952: 6421:from the original on 18 April 2015 6308:from the original on 14 April 2021 6278:from the original on 22 March 2019 6163:from the original on 18 March 2015 6102:from the original on 18 March 2015 5884:"Legislative and Executive Bodies" 4956:Infrastructure and public services 4922:Vatican Amateur Sports Association 4515:Following in the footsteps of the 3733:Istituto per le Opere di Religione 3021:functions are administered by the 2931:As the Vatican is governed by the 1716:created 32 cardinals in early 1946 1291:One possible modern interpretation 172: 57: 20550: 18797:(de facto), Republika Srpska 14698:Pontifical North American College 14260:Section for Relations with States 11015: 10909:Postage stamps and postal history 10011: 9788:from the original on 16 July 2019 9779: 9607:from the original on 5 March 2018 9490:from the original on 5 April 2024 9376:"Nuova sede dal Primo marzo 2024" 9085:from the original on 27 July 2018 8988:from the original on 7 March 2023 8914:from the original on 17 July 2022 8823:Pullella, Philip (8 March 2012). 8632:from the original on 29 June 2019 8540:from the original on 29 June 2019 8508:from the original on 29 June 2019 8472:from the original on 29 June 2019 8266:New York University School of Law 8194:. Rome Reports, 14 February 2011. 7619:10.1163/ej.9789004206229.i-444.57 7050:Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 3 6733:. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 6413:Pope Francis (8 September 2014). 5668:from the original on 4 April 2023 5642: 5149: 5052:Telecommunications and mass media 4834:, it deals also with research on 4365:360-degree view from the dome of 3489:Foreign relations of the Holy See 2842: 20308:, Mount Athos (Greece) 20247:, Basque Country (de facto) 18737:, German-speaking Community 17871: 17860: 17859: 17554: 17219: 17207: 16538:Fourth Council of Constantinople 16493:Second Council of Constantinople 15944: 15932: 15008: 14996: 14392:Extraordinary general assemblies 13861: 13860: 13849: 13817:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 13365:Criticism of the Catholic Church 11777: 11765: 11471:The Separation of Land and Water 11367: 11255: 11243: 11050:Philatelic and Numismatic Office 10049: 10039: 9750: 9690: 9664: 9648:. Vatican.va. 2 September 2005. 9638: 9619: 9589: 9546:from the original on 29 May 2010 9532: 9502: 9390: 9368: 9339: 9317: 9305:. Pontifical Academy of Sciences 9295: 9283:. Pontifical Academy of Sciences 9273: 9214: 9147: 9121: 9097: 9043: 9013: 9000: 8974: 8947: 8863: 8817: 8794: 8764: 8734: 8644: 8613: 8582: 8570:from the original on 2 June 2019 8552: 8520: 8484: 8452: 8420: 8390: 8370: 8326: 8300: 8276: 8262:Hauser Global Law School Program 8249: 8203:Glatz, Carol (19 December 2013) 8197: 8178: 8074: 8052: 8026: 7987: 7836:[Council of Directors]. 7715:" (page 23* in recent editions). 7362:Glatz, Carol (26 November 2008) 7205:"Vatican footprint wrong-footed" 6547:from the original on 28 May 2019 6415:"Letter to John Cardinal Lajolo" 6331:"Preamble of the Lateran Treaty" 6133:from the original on 17 May 2023 6121:Duignan, Brian (31 March 2023). 6035:"Stato della Città del Vaticano" 6015:from the original on 17 May 2020 5656:Reuters Staff (6 October 2014). 5629: 5604:Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano 5270: 5256: 5242: 4995:facility in Vatican City is the 4977:shortest national railway system 4828:International Astronomical Union 4517:Pontifical Academy of New Lincei 4353: 3662:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2966:, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in 2890: 2813:papal temporal powers and rights 2683: 1952: 1825:and up to the confluence of the 1737:was transformed into a civilian 1200:and up to the confluence of the 1141: 927:, with 764 citizens as of 2023. 786: 239: 134: 120: 20375:Brussels and the European Union 19369:, Moscow Oblast (de facto) 16508:Third Council of Constantinople 16432:First Council of Constantinople 14860:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo 14760:Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo 14740:Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary 14539:Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno 11984:First seven ecumenical councils 10045:Wikimedia Atlas of Vatican City 9804: 9678:from the original on 3 May 2009 9652:from the original on 3 May 2009 9400:[Vatican Observatory]. 8877:from the original on 5 May 2022 8433:Central Emergency Response Fund 8398:"Membership Vatican City State" 8337:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 8036:[Extraterritoriality]. 7938:"Organi del potere giudiziario" 7930: 7904: 7878: 7852: 7826: 7800: 7784:[General Secretariat]. 7774: 7748: 7736:from the original on 7 May 2022 7718: 7713:Sovereign of Vatican City State 7699: 7678: 7648: 7597: 7573: 7561:from the original on 4 May 2007 7522: 7500: 7469: 7356: 7340: 7317: 7295: 7272: 7223: 7197: 7171: 7126: 7096: 7044: 7015: 6875: 6866: 6857: 6848: 6810: 6747: 6698: 6668: 6642: 6575: 6559: 6533: 6520: 6507: 6494: 6462: 6450: 6406: 6380: 6362:Richardson, L. (October 1992). 6355: 6290: 6234: 6175: 6114: 6083: 6053: 6027: 5948: 5908: 5876: 5612: 5493: 5464: 5429: 5417: 5408: 5383: 5027:Roma San Pietro railway station 4892:International Olympic Committee 4826:" projects. As a member of the 4531:in 1936, which, located in the 3803: 3729:Institute for Works of Religion 3632:Central Emergency Response Fund 3620:United Nations General Assembly 3598:Non-party, non-signatory policy 2798: 1914:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo 1729:, was disbanded by the will of 1589: 1437: 1251:(40 – between AD 102 and 104). 989:in the world as of 2018 in the 493:11 February 1929 (95 years ago) 20459:World Heritage Sites in Europe 20363: Also the capital of the 20338:, Vojvodina (Serbia) 20298:, Gagauzia (Moldova) 16747:Dissolution of the monasteries 16013:History of the Catholic Church 15345:Servant of the servants of God 14549:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo 12559:Separation of church and state 10438:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena 10234:Vicar General for Vatican City 10136:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 9872: 8620:Willey, David (18 July 2013). 7449:A Visit to the Vatican Gardens 6677:Gardner's Art through the Ages 5845: 5815: 5756: 5730: 5710: 5649: 5437:Stato della Città del Vaticano 5348:Pontifical Academy of Sciences 5332: 5185:, and the only postal code is 4988:with no airports or highways. 4529:Pontifical Academy of Sciences 4284: 3789:pontiff also ordered that the 3675:" (CRS), aiming at preventing 3654:European Court of Human Rights 3628:International Court of Justice 1996:Climate data for Vatican City 1712:Congregation for the Religious 1508:Under Italian rule (1871–1929) 1321:, usually called, simply, the 1100:Stato della Città del Vaticano 966:of various origins. After the 940:second-least populated capital 919:. The country has the world's 835:Stato della Città del Vaticano 83:Stato della Città del Vaticano 13: 1: 19843:, Canton of Schaffhausen 19783:, Appenzell Ausserrhoden 19409:, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 18970:, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 18870:, North Rhine-Westphalia 18570:, Svalbard (Norway) 18235:, Bosnia and Herzegovina 17815:country of the United Kingdom 16621:Fourth Council of the Lateran 16596:Second Council of the Lateran 16205:Apostles in the New Testament 14812:Pontifical Oriental Institute 10395:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 10291:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 9858:. New York: Ktav Pub. House. 8460:"AEOI: STATUS OF COMMITMENTS" 8308:Is the Vatican a Rogue State? 7914:[Subsidiary bodies]. 7313:The Christian Science Monitor 5626:referred to as "The Vatican". 5499:In the languages used by the 5321: 5196: 5060:Pay phone in the Vatican City 4768:participated in creating the 4369:, looking over the Vatican's 3610:member state borders on a map 3447:are a target for pickpockets. 3181:and are commonly defined as " 2701: 1668:United States Army Air Forces 235:National Seal of Vatican City 171:"Pontifical Anthem and March" 20348:, Crimea (Ukraine) 20288:, Adjara (Georgia) 20008:, Friuli Venezia Giulia 19703:, Appenzell Innerrhoden 18516:, Akrotiri and Dhekelia 16735:Catholic Counter-Reformation 16601:Third Council of the Lateran 16591:First Council of the Lateran 16047:Catholic ecumenical councils 15368:Coat of arms of the Holy See 15271:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 14635:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 13906: 11402:The Vocation of the Apostles 11358:Testament and Death of Moses 11344:The Descent from Mount Sinai 10964: 10689:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 10243: 9984:The New York Review of Books 9129:"Vatican crime rate 'soars'" 8376:See also appendix at end of 8333:"The Holy See and Diplomacy" 8160:"Vatican crime rate 'soars'" 7940:[Judiciary bodies]. 6090:Ray, Michael (20 May 2023). 5589:Estado da Cidade do Vaticano 5459:the state's official website 5326: 5286:Architecture of Vatican City 5211: 5023:Vatican City railway station 5001:countries without an airport 4960: 4894:and does not compete in the 4397:Architecture of Vatican City 4249: 3639:International Criminal Court 3546:International Grains Council 3339:climate and humidity control 3333:, equipped with systems for 3189:National and public security 2783:president of that commission 2754: 1776: 1763:John R. Morss writes in the 1596:Vatican City in World War II 427:President of the Governorate 7: 19893:, Canton of St. Gallen 19176:, North Ossetia–Alania 18930:, Rhineland-Palatinate 15870:Pontifical colleges in Rome 14817:Pontifical Lombard Seminary 14693:Pontifical Urban University 14387:Ordinary general assemblies 14134:Cardinal Secretary of State 11337:The Crossing of the Red Sea 11078:Vatican Information Service 10918:Secretariat for the Economy 10774:Cardinal Secretary of State 10516:Modern and Contemporary Art 10093:Central Intelligence Agency 10054:Geographic data related to 9355:Dicastery for Communication 9116:Gazeta Wyborcza/Worldcrunch 8062:. Vatican Apostolic Archive 7862:[Central offices]. 7612:. BRILL. pp. 237–264. 7390:. saintpetersbasilica.org. 6872:Chadwick, 1988, pp. 244–245 6863:Chadwick, 1988, pp. 236–244 6854:Chadwick, 1988, pp. 232–236 6845:Chadwick, 1988, pp. 222–232 5235: 4900:World Cycling Championships 4739:Pontifical Academy for Life 4501:centre containing monuments 4487:and the collections of the 2472:Average precipitation days 2258:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2118:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1700:Cardinal Secretary of State 1672:bombed Rome on 19 July 1943 1577:Cardinal Secretary of State 1419:, buried in that cemetery. 10: 20555: 20489:Properties of the Holy See 20365:Kingdom of the Netherlands 20227:, Valencian Community 20127:, Community of Madrid 19873:, Canton of Solothurn 19823:, Canton of Neuchâtel 19032:, Karachay-Cherkessia 17663:British Overseas Territory 17281:Countries and dependencies 16081:History of the Roman Curia 15951:Catholic Church portal 15185:properties of the Holy See 15055: 14910:Basilica of the Holy House 14534:Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino 13942:Sovereignty and government 13856:Catholic Church portal 11661:Art patronage of Julius II 11208:Amateur Sports Association 10652:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 10579:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 9726:Baker, Al (27 June 2004). 9542:. Vatican Papal Conclave. 8233:(in Italian). Vatican.va. 7994:Duursma, Jorri C. (1996). 7414:"Al Pellegrino Cattolico: 6541:"Vatican City in the Past" 6526:Lanciani, Rodolfo (1892). 5977:De Agostini Atlas Calendar 5955:De Agostini Atlas Calendar 5520:État de la Cité du Vatican 5403:De Agostini Atlas Calendar 5200: 5075:, which is registered as ( 4964: 4883: 4510: 4394: 4383: 4379: 4253: 3807: 3800:of its museum collection. 3693: 3689: 3486: 3443:The crowds of tourists in 3432: 3192: 3155: 3025:but also delegated to the 2997: 2904: 2894: 2846: 2758: 2719:and being governed by the 2705: 2621: 2617: 2565: 1995: 1970: 1910:properties of the Holy See 1780: 1593: 1553: 1511: 1447: 1441: 1130: 1126: 1111:Status Civitatis Vaticanae 843:Status Civitatis Vaticanae 729:UNESCO World Heritage Site 98:Status Civitatis Vaticanae 61: 20524:Duty-free zones of Europe 20499:Catholic Church in Europe 20474:Catholic pilgrimage sites 20359: 20264: 20073: 20019: 19943: 19934: 19763:, Canton of Fribourg 19667: 19616: 19325:, Kaliningrad Oblast 19275:, Arkhangelsk Oblast 19259: 19216: 19193: 19112:, Kabardino-Balkaria 19006: 18997: 18910:, Schleswig-Holstein 18824: 18781: 18744: 18711: 18702: 18599: 18592: 18557: 18485: 18432: 18423: 18416: 18353: 17944: 17925: 17832: 17788: 17763: 17738: 17725: 17672: 17648: 17641: 17618: 17605: 17563: 17552: 17291: 17247: 17202: 17102: 16968: 16895: 16830: 16817:European wars of religion 16714: 16649: 16551: 16473: 16364: 16287: 16147: 16136: 16128:Eastern Catholic Churches 16003: 15927: 15826: 15744: 15670: 15644: 15547: 15454: 15401: 15353: 15284: 15251: 15201: 15080: 15063: 14991: 14936: 14867:Gardens of the Villa Cybo 14850: 14720:Palace of the Holy Office 14710:Palazzo della Cancelleria 14682:Palace of Saint Callixtus 14652: 14615: 14605: 14594: 14575: 14504: 14481: 14433: 14405: 14349: 14244: 14192: 14162: 14116: 14089: 13963: 13951:Sovereign judicial entity 13914: 13844: 13782:Aid to the Church in Need 13772: 13629: 13442: 13403:Vatican Television Center 13378: 13288: 13178: 13048:Eastern Catholic Churches 13029: 12918: 12811: 12758: 12683: 12654: 12579: 12504: 12439: 12384: 12303: 12173: 12087: 12019: 11964: 11883: 11860: 11832: 11697: 11687:The Agony and the Ecstasy 11653: 11635: 11617: 11567: 11511: 11447: 11432: 11395:The Temptations of Christ 11376: 11365: 11311: 11238: 11200: 11170: 11152: 11100:Vatican Television Center 10972: 10963: 10931: 10879: 10870: 10837: 10785: 10758: 10720: 10711: 10618:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery 10496: 10407: 10332: 10328: 10319: 10242: 10191: 9940:Liverani, Paolo (2016). " 8082:"Corpo della Gendarmeria" 7834:"Consiglio dei Direttori" 7283:Western Catholic Reporter 7023:"Holy See (Vatican City)" 6684:12 September 2015 at the 6585:. Catholic Encyclopedia. 6417:(in Latin). The Vatican. 6183:"Vatican country profile" 5793:"Holy See (Vatican City)" 5112:Vatican Television Center 5093:, which was organized by 5066:Vatican Telephone Service 4967:Transport in Vatican City 4926:Vatican City Championship 4793:Palace of Castel Gandolfo 4755:extraterritorial property 4641:Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza 4485:Vatican Apostolic Library 4256:Languages of Vatican City 4241: 4238: 4235: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3948: 3943: 3935: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3857: 3843: 3835: 3673:Common Reporting Standard 3586:World Medical Association 3581:It also participates in: 3316:Vatican Apostolic Archive 2856:Papal Master of the Horse 2745:permanent observer status 2518: 2471: 2397: 2327: 2257: 2187: 2117: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1783:Geography of Vatican City 1723:Pontifical Military Corps 1664:Allied invasion of Sicily 1257:Year of the Four Emperors 1255:wrote that in AD 69, the 1158:was brought to Rome from 1022:Vatican Apostolic Library 995:Eastern Catholic Churches 767: 757: 747: 735: 726: 702: 690: 678: 666: 656: 632: 614: 595: 585: 575: 557: 543: 529: 522: 508: 501: 497: 484: 471: 467: 452: 442: 438: 423: 408: 393: 378: 374: 354: 342: 326: 309: 299: 256: 247: 195: 158:Inno e Marcia Pontificale 150: 116: 73: 20504:Catholic Church in Italy 19813:, Canton of Lucerne 18980:, Baden-Württemberg 16948:Mary of the Divine Heart 16571:Clash against the empire 16523:Second Council of Nicaea 16417:Old St. Peter's Basilica 14808:Archaeological Institute 13993:Old St. Peter's Basilica 13988:Patrimony of Saint Peter 13983:History of papal primacy 13724:Communion and Liberation 13188:Eastern Catholic liturgy 12353:Mystici Corporis Christi 12281:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 11416:The Delivery of the Keys 11112:Vatican Publishing House 10417:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 10269:Old St. Peter's Basilica 10138:(fully available on the 9913:Petacco, Laura (2016). " 9898:. Kessinger Publishing. 9852:Morley, John F. (1980). 9631:19 December 2012 at the 8686:CIA – The World Factbook 8428:"Contributions by donor" 8190:15 November 2012 at the 7888:[Directorates]. 7586:12 December 2023 at the 6727:Wetterau, Bruce (1994). 6528:Pagan and Christian Rome 6388:"Apostolic Constitution" 6151: 5821:Robbers, Gerhard (2006) 4879: 4622:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 4599:, there are or were the 4442:Renaissance architecture 4440:, is a renowned work of 3512:international agreements 3428: 3195:Military in Vatican City 3000:Politics of Vatican City 2984:Governor of Vatican City 2789:and diplomatic service. 2708:Politics of Vatican City 2593:carbon dioxide emissions 2591:state by offsetting its 1624:under the leadership of 1496:(1605–1621), but on the 1228:(another naming for the 907:. The Vatican is also a 39:latest accepted revision 20167:, Balearic Islands 20147:, Region of Murcia 19923:, Canton of Zürich 19903:, Canton of Glarus 19853:, Canton of Schwyz 19803:, Basel-Landschaft 19773:, Canton of Geneva 19642:, Saint Petersburg 19609:, Yaroslavl Oblast 19579:, Volgograd Oblast 19549:, Ulyanovsk Oblast 19479:, Leningrad Oblast 19285:, Astrakhan Oblast 18478:, Northern Ireland 17819:British-Irish Agreement 17214:Vatican City portal 16566:Investiture Controversy 16422:First Council of Nicaea 15939:Vatican City portal 15003:Vatican City portal 14735:Palace of the Vicariate 14529:Civitavecchia-Tarquinia 14053:Prisoner in the Vatican 14042:Investiture Controversy 12539:Philosophy of canon law 12469:Mariology of the saints 12049:Investiture Controversy 11772:Vatican City portal 11503:The Drunkenness of Noah 11409:The Sermon on the Mount 11323:Moses Leaving for Egypt 11250:Vatican City portal 10662:Via della Conciliazione 10258:Prisoner in the Vatican 10099:Holy See (Vatican City) 10083:Holy See (Vatican City) 9873:Nichols, Fiona (2006). 9833:Kent, Peter C. (2002). 9698:"The Early Definitives" 9646:"Vatican Radio – Index" 9571:"Railways of the World" 9200:Encyclopedia Britannica 9055:11 October 2019 at the 9010:is entirely in Italian. 8984:. Pew Research Center. 8162:. BBC. 8 January 2003. 8060:"Bunker and storerooms" 7730:www.theconversation.com 7692:12 January 2014 at the 7482:UN News Service Section 7369:10 October 2017 at the 7164:10 January 2019 at the 6959:Morss, John R. (2015). 6934:. NY: Viking. pp. 6625:The Broadway Travellers 6157:Encyclopedia Britannica 6127:Encyclopedia Britannica 6096:Encyclopedia Britannica 5834:. Infobase Publishing. 5311:Outline of Vatican City 5007:and to a lesser extent 4782:Gardens of Vatican City 3696:Economy of Vatican City 3641:(ICC). In Europe, only 3388:Corpo della Gendarmeria 2624:Gardens of Vatican City 2595:with the creation of a 1899:Via della Conciliazione 1889:The territory includes 1544:prisoner in the Vatican 1524:Rome itself was annexed 1218:Via della Conciliazione 1216:, and possibly today's 1137:Holy See § History 1084:, "Vatican territory". 1039: 1030:economy of Vatican City 879:, and it is a distinct 753:Cultural: i, ii, iv, vi 300:Official languages 18:History of Vatican City 20193:Santiago de Compostela 20103:Santa Cruz de Tenerife 19599:, Voronezh Oblast 19569:, Vladimir Oblast 19559:, Novgorod Oblast 19509:, Smolensk Oblast 19419:, Orenburg Oblast 19399:, Murmansk Oblast 19355:, Kostroma Oblast 19295:, Belgorod Oblast 18783:Bosnia and Herzegovina 18368:, Northern Cyprus 18243:, North Macedonia 17655:(Sovereign Base Areas) 17336:Bosnia and Herzegovina 17226:Catholicism portal 17037:Second Vatican Council 16923:Our Lady of La Salette 16730:Protestant Reformation 16717:Protestant Reformation 16636:Second Council of Lyon 16025:Ecclesiastical history 15784:for Vatican City State 15414:Apostolic constitution 15015:Catholicism portal 14971:Apostolic Penitentiary 14945:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 14892:Santa Maria di Galeria 14217:For Vatican City State 13792:Catholic Charities USA 13426:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 13414:Vatican Polyglot Press 12464:Mariology of the popes 12102:Protestant Reformation 11784:Catholicism portal 11742:Bartolomeo della Gatta 11262:Catholicism portal 11224:National football team 11218:National football team 11118:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 10810:For Vatican City State 9514:Pontifical Swiss Guard 9347:"Pontifical academies" 9110:1 January 2016 at the 9008:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 8830:16 August 2021 at the 8360:. Vatican City State. 8288:24 August 2018 at the 7557:. Catholic-Pages.com. 6679:(Cengage Learning 2012 6627:series, edited by Sir 6609:Travels and Adventures 6274:. Catholic-Pages.com. 5797:CIA—The World Factbook 5603: 5598: 5588: 5583: 5573: 5567: 5562: 5552:Staat der Vatikanstadt 5551: 5545: 5539: 5534: 5519: 5514: 5449:) is the name used in 5442:Italian pronunciation: 5436: 5344:Pontifical Swiss Guard 5159: 5126:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 5061: 4980: 4840:stellar classification 4818:, and to astronomical 4630:Emmanuelle Charpentier 4413: 4265: 3724: 3611: 3575:Universal Postal Union 3506: 3448: 3412:criminal investigation 3377:mass casualty incident 3356: 3314:of the very extensive 3310:. A large part of the 3238:Pontifical Swiss Guard 3216: 3199:Pontifical Swiss Guard 3043:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 3015: 2994:Government and justice 2988:Fernando Vérgez Alzaga 2928: 2773: 2633: 2597:Vatican Climate Forest 1878: 1792: 1710:, and Prefect for the 1691: 1634:Armistice of Cassibile 1617: 1459: 1336:. It was brought from 1318:Circus Gaii et Neronis 1317: 1292: 1284: 1283:Basilicas of St. Peter 1167: 1110: 1099: 1093: 1074: 1068: 1050:was first used in the 978:in Rome or elsewhere. 867:originally located in 842: 834: 433:Fernando Vérgez Alzaga 218: 204: 190: 156: 97: 82: 20534:Religion and politics 20529:Enclaves and exclaves 20420:41.90250°N 12.45250°E 20107:, Canary Islands 19589:, Vologda Oblast 19499:, Saratov Oblast 19389:, Lipetsk Oblast 19315:, Ivanovo Oblast 19305:, Bryansk Oblast 19252:, Stavropol Krai 19232:, Krasnodar Krai 18807:, Brčko District 18434:Constituent countries 18195:, Czech Republic 18116:, United Kingdom 17929:dependent territories 17682:Bailiwick of Guernsey 17653:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 16933:First Vatican Council 16631:First Council of Lyon 16395:Constantine the Great 16091:Christian monasticism 15907:Sexually active popes 15858:Pontifical university 15602:Ring of the Fisherman 15441:Ecclesiastical letter 15436:Apostolic exhortation 15325:Patriarch of the West 15310:Vicar of Jesus Christ 14799:San Carlo ai Catinari 14770:Paul VI Audience Hall 14756:Benedictine monastery 14703:Bambino Gesù Hospital 14473:Sabina-Poggio Mirteto 13546:Good Shepherd Sisters 13388:Holy See Press Office 12626:Doctors of the Church 12459:Immaculate Conception 12414:Anointing of the Sick 11949:History of the papacy 11493:The Sacrifice of Noah 11388:The Baptism of Christ 11073:Holy See Press Office 10858:Corps of Firefighters 10633:Paul VI Audience Hall 10584:Domus Sanctae Marthae 10356:St. Peter's Baldachin 10286:Cortile del Belvedere 10252:History of the papacy 10103:UCB Libraries GovPubs 9768:Holy See Press Office 8714:(28 September 2006). 8256:Shea, Alison (2009). 8216:Catholic News Service 8034:"Extraterritorialità" 7971:[Geography]. 7912:"Organismi ausiliari" 7782:"Segreteria Generale" 7388:"Map of Vatican City" 7375:Catholic News Service 7351:Catholic News Service 7334:27 April 2012 at the 7307:1 August 2020 at the 7260:Catholic News Service 6988:10536/DRO/DU:30081648 6926:Thavis, John (2013). 6710:Columbia Encyclopedia 6248:. 22 September 2021. 5986:, 1945–1946, p. 128. 5858:4 August 2020 at the 5830:29 April 2016 at the 5799:. 22 September 2021. 5222:Paul VI Audience Hall 5207:Bambino Gesù Hospital 5157: 5059: 4997:Vatican City Heliport 4986:transportation system 4974: 4886:Sport in Vatican City 4801:University of Arizona 4683:communication studies 4615:theoretical physicist 4408: 4386:Music of Vatican City 4263: 4254:Further information: 3810:Women in Vatican City 3739:with instructions in 3718: 3605: 3503:Ingresso di Sant'Anna 3500: 3477:Polizia Penitenziaria 3442: 3435:Crime in Vatican City 3423:Italian police forces 3351: 3214: 3011: 2914: 2772:in Vatican City, 2021 2768: 2608:Paul VI Audience Hall 1981:Mediterranean climate 1873: 1790: 1758:Domus Sanctae Marthae 1714:among them. Pius XII 1689: 1603: 1457: 1450:History of the Papacy 1370:crucified upside-down 1290: 1274: 1149: 1133:History of the Papacy 1131:Further information: 1119:, the Church and the 457:Kingdom of the Franks 447:Pontifical Commission 188: 20519:Landlocked countries 20494:Monarchies of Europe 19913:, Canton of Zug 19519:, Tambov Oblast 19489:, Samara Oblast 19469:, Ryazan Oblast 19459:, Rostov Oblast 19335:, Kaluga Oblast 19166:, Bashkortostan 18920:, Saxony-Anhalt 18685:, Lower Austria 18665:, Upper Austria 18492:Overseas Territories 18408:, South Ossetia 18291:, Liechtenstein 17110:Sexual abuse scandal 17019:Mit brennender Sorge 16862:Age of Enlightenment 16641:Bernard of Clairvaux 16518:Byzantine Iconoclasm 16457:Council of Chalcedon 16237:Council of Jerusalem 16106:Role in civilization 16086:Religious institutes 16018:By country or region 15902:Popes by nationality 15818:Sistine Chapel Choir 15752:College of Cardinals 15383:Regalia and insignia 15266:St. Peter's Basilica 14625:St. Peter's Basilica 14318:Apostolic nunciature 14177:College of Cardinals 14172:Secretariat of State 13419:L'Osservatore Romano 13357:Role in civilisation 13083:Croatian and Serbian 12831:Episcopal conference 12793:St. Peter's Basilica 12151:Sexual abuse scandal 12107:Catholic Reformation 11721:Domenico Ghirlandaio 11671:Sistine Chapel Choir 11477:The Creation of Adam 11134:L'Osservatore Romano 11043:Sistine Chapel Choir 10847:Corps of Gendarmerie 10672:Porta San Pellegrino 10623:Sant'Egidio in Borgo 10351:Chair of Saint Peter 10343:St. Peter's Basilica 10311:Piazza Scossacavalli 9948:(in Italian). Rome. 9925:(in Italian). Rome. 9876:Rome and the Vatican 9486:. 10 November 2023. 9484:L'Osservatore Romano 9081:. 25 February 2014. 8806:22 July 2011 at the 8364:10 July 2010 at the 8313:6 April 2012 at the 8210:21 June 2019 at the 7530:"Organi dello Stato" 7289:4 March 2008 at the 7104:"Useful Information" 6898:"Vatican City Today" 6614:29 June 2011 at the 5918:(26 November 2000). 5866:, vol. 11, Elsevier 5851:Nick Megoran (2009) 5692:Visiting The Vatican 5501:Secretariat of State 5358:Secretariat of State 5119:L'Osservatore Romano 4867:history of astronomy 4865:and research on the 4863:Berkeley, California 4786:St. Peter's Basilica 4751:San Callisto complex 4747:ethics of technology 4741:, whose domains are 4687:information sciences 4497:World Heritage Sites 4454:Domenico Ghirlandaio 4418:St. Peter's Basilica 4410:St. Peter's Basilica 4371:Saint Peter's Square 4367:St. Peter's Basilica 4335:Statistical oddities 3312:historical documents 3300:World Heritage Sites 3263:and the traditional 3221:Italian Armed Forces 3142:In the Pope's name, 3037:Secretariat of State 2837:College of Cardinals 2787:Secretariat of State 2649:above mean sea level 2048:Record high °C (°F) 1831:St. Peter's Basilica 1741:and security force. 1614:St. Peter's Basilica 1612:playing in front of 1610:38th (Irish) Brigade 1091:name of the city is 1014:St. Peter's Basilica 634:• Summer ( 531:• 2023 estimate 480:754 (1270 years ago) 20464:Countries in Europe 20416: / 19998:, Aosta Valley 19652:, Sevastopol ( 19449:, Pskov Oblast 19439:, Penza Oblast 19429:, Oryol Oblast 19379:, Kursk Oblast 19345:, Kirov Oblast 18900:, Lower Saxony 18512:Episkopi Cantonment 18398:, Transnistria 18356:limited recognition 17775:unincorporated area 17704:Bailiwick of Jersey 17566:States with limited 16938:Papal infallibility 16928:Our Lady of Lourdes 16877:Shimabara Rebellion 16721:Counter-Reformation 14976:Apostolic Signatura 14804:Collegio Bellarmino 14676:Adjoining buildings 14251:Multilateral policy 13754:Neocatechumenal Way 13719:Charismatic Renewal 13433:Annuario Pontificio 13031:Particular churches 12707:Ecumenical councils 12479:Perpetual virginity 12314:Communitas perfecta 12258:Sermon on the Mount 11483:The Creation of Eve 11125:Annuario Pontificio 10977:Academy of Sciences 10536:Gregoriano Egiziano 10069:National Geographic 10001:Solidarity movement 9919:Terebinthus Neronis 9763:29 May 2010 at the 9704:on 11 December 2007 9601:www.rometoolkit.com 9510:"Life in the Guard" 9162:The Daily Telegraph 9118:, 26 February 2013. 8812:Christian Telegraph 8383:9 July 2014 at the 8342:21 May 2009 at the 8272:on 17 October 2013. 8088:on 25 December 2012 7732:. 27 October 2021. 7708:Annuario Pontificio 7416:The Vatican Gardens 7328:Ethical Corporation 7266:5 July 2008 at the 7066:"Patti Lateranensi" 6978:10.1093/ejil/chv062 6904:on 11 December 2007 6716:on 7 February 2006. 6652:. Vatican Museums. 6222:on 25 February 2021 5982:3 June 2020 at the 5960:3 June 2020 at the 5936:on 26 February 2008 5599:Ciudad del Vaticano 5574:Państwo Watykańskie 5368:, German, Italian, 5301:Law of Vatican City 5250:Vatican City portal 5226:single-use plastics 5139:Annuario Pontificio 4908:Mediterranean Games 4836:cosmological models 4797:Vatican Observatory 4766:Vatican Observatory 4727:behavioral sciences 4430:Giacomo della Porta 3959: 3829: 3331:Cortile della Pigna 3324:reinforced concrete 3247:Annuario Pontificio 3175:diplomatic missions 3165:and offices of the 3053:Executive authority 3004:Law of Vatican City 2876:executive functions 2805:Cardinal Camerlengo 2749:UN General Assembly 2328:Record low °C (°F) 2188:Daily mean °C (°F) 1941:The Vatican Museums 1751:Kingdom of Sardinia 1573:Victor Emmanuel III 1528:Italian unification 1417:tomb of Saint Peter 1301:Agrippina the Elder 1204:creek. The toponym 1097:or, more formally, 925:smallest population 723: 284:41.9033°N 12.4533°E 280: / 29:Page version status 20514:Enclaved countries 20425:41.90250; 12.45250 20386: A city-state 20137:, Extremadura 20030:Autonomous regions 19954:Autonomous regions 19713:, Basel-Stadt 19539:, Tver Oblast 19529:, Tula Oblast 18950:, Brandenburg 18506:, Isle of Man 18487:Crown Dependencies 18020:, Switzerland 17956:, Netherlands 17674:Crown Dependencies 16983:Our Lady of Fátima 16772:Ignatius of Loyola 16696:Catherine of Siena 16664:Pope Boniface VIII 16483:Benedict of Nursia 16452:Council of Ephesus 16289:Ante-Nicene period 16242:Split with Judaism 16076:Crusading movement 15853:Pontifical academy 15848:Orders of chivalry 14745:Collegio Teutonico 14662:Lateran University 14506:Suffragan dioceses 14483:Territorial abbeys 14453:Porto-Santa Rufina 14435:Suburbicarian sees 14397:Special assemblies 14292:Permanent Observer 13591:Premonstratensians 11974:Ante-Nicene period 11852:Lists of Catholics 11330:The Youth of Moses 10889:Vatican euro coins 10684:Saint John's Tower 10657:St. Peter's Square 10606:Collegio Teutonico 10589:Holy Spirit Chapel 10551:Bramante Staircase 10531:Gregoriano Etrusco 10373:Saint Peter's tomb 10368:Vatican Necropolis 10227:List of sovereigns 10088:The World Factbook 10065:Inside the Vatican 9732:The New York Times 9520:on 4 February 2019 9398:"Specola vaticana" 9228:. 6 January 2020. 9131:. 8 January 2003. 9103:Mrowińska, Alina. 9050:Vatican City State 8408:on 10 October 2017 8140:on 23 October 2007 8114:on 23 October 2007 7686:Pontificalis Domus 7592:The Times of India 7508:"Origini e nature" 7457:on 8 November 2008 7027:The World Factbook 6530:Houghton, Mifflin. 6343:on 10 October 2017 5927:Vatican City State 5889:Vatican City State 5584:Cidade do Vaticano 5563:Miasto Watykańskie 5546:Staat Vatikanstadt 5352:The Holy See uses 5160: 5062: 4981: 4940:. It controls the 4938:Vatican Supercoppa 4934:Coppa Sergio Valci 4912:Athletica Vaticana 4788:) and the Vatican 4764:institution named 4737:. The seat of the 4671:pontifical academy 4593:history of science 4527:gave birth to the 4414: 4331:for its citizens. 4266: 3957: 3827: 3756:Vatican euro coins 3725: 3624:State of Palestine 3612: 3507: 3461:St. Peter's Square 3449: 3445:St. Peter's Square 3419:St. Peter's Square 3357: 3318:is stored in the " 3275:have roles in the 3257:Swiss Armed Forces 3217: 3096:Telecommunications 3016: 2976:head of government 2929: 2921:Palazzo Apostolico 2887:of 28 March 1968, 2884:Pontificalis Domus 2807:presides over the 2774: 2727:State and Holy See 1891:St. Peter's Square 1879: 1793: 1692: 1618: 1571:on behalf of King 1460: 1362:Great Fire of Rome 1303:(14 BC–18 October 1293: 1285: 1214:St. Peter's Square 1168: 1156:St. Peter's Square 1094:Città del Vaticano 921:smallest land area 895:, which maintains 827:Vatican City State 825:), officially the 721: 571:2021 estimate 453:Independence 412:Secretary of State 350:Vatican (de facto) 191: 75:Vatican City State 35: 20399: 20398: 20393: 20392: 20355: 20354: 20163:Palma de Mallorca 20069: 20068: 20044:Angra do Heroísmo 20015: 20014: 19930: 19929: 19663: 19662: 19195:Autonomous okrugs 19082:, Ingushetia 18777: 18776: 18625:, Burgenland 18615:, Vorarlberg 18588: 18587: 18553: 18552: 18227:, San Marino 18187:, Montenegro 18124:, Luxembourg 17996:, Azerbaijan 17980:, Kazakhstan 17887: 17886: 17828: 17827: 17750:autonomous region 17721: 17720: 17717: 17716: 17242:Geographic locale 17234: 17233: 17194:COVID-19 pandemic 17172:Pope Benedict XVI 17077:Pope John Paul II 16852:Pope Benedict XIV 16838:French Revolution 16822:Thirty Years' War 16812:Robert Bellarmine 16797:John of the Cross 16701:Pope Alexander VI 16686:Council of Vienne 16616:Francis of Assisi 16606:Pope Innocent III 16475:Early Middle Ages 16469: 16468: 16465: 16464: 16407:Arian controversy 16360: 16359: 16308:Apostolic Fathers 15959: 15958: 15726:Prelate of Honour 15293: 15197: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15023: 15022: 14932: 14931: 14928: 14927: 14890:antennae area of 14881:Summer estate of 14846: 14845: 14778: 14777: 14750:Teutonic Cemetery 14648: 14647: 14611: 14610: 14607: 14588: 14571: 14570: 14567: 14566: 14524:Civita Castellana 14427: 14371: 14345: 14344: 14110: 14047:Age of Revolution 14020:Donation of Pepin 14015:Donation of Sutri 13955:international law 13874: 13873: 13284: 13283: 12677: 12500: 12499: 12192: 12169: 12168: 12161:COVID-19 pandemic 12131:French Revolution 12121:Thirty Years' War 12029:Islamic conquests 11942:Apostolic fathers 11877: 11792: 11791: 11711:Sandro Botticelli 11626:The Last Judgment 11613: 11612: 11270: 11269: 11230:Vatican Athletics 11196: 11195: 11148: 11147: 11004:Apostolic Archive 10959: 10958: 10866: 10865: 10729:Foreign relations 10707: 10706: 10679:Ricciolo d'Italia 10647:Passetto di Borgo 10611:Teutonic Cemetery 10564: 10563: 10422:Borgia Apartments 10403: 10402: 10383:Tomb of the Julii 9993:Soviet-Afghan War 9955:978-88-492-3320-9 9932:978-88-492-3320-9 9905:978-0-7661-3941-1 9886:978-1-84537-500-3 9865:978-0-87068-701-3 9844:978-0-7735-2326-5 9825:978-0-521-36825-4 8943:on 14 April 2019. 8778:. 21 April 2006. 8712:O'Malley, Seán P. 8007:978-0-521-56360-4 7860:"Uffici centrali" 6945:978-0-670-02671-5 6740:978-0-8050-2350-3 6675:Fred S. Kleiner, 6623:, digitized from 6304:. 26 March 2020. 5916:Pope John Paul II 5872:978-0-08-044911-1 5694:. 13 April 2023. 5095:Guglielmo Marconi 5035:Pope John Paul II 4855:interdisciplinary 4719:political science 4660:Alexander Fleming 4634:Ernest Rutherford 4539:to contribute to 4391:Cultural heritage 4270:official language 4246: 4245: 3953: 3952: 3658:Council of Europe 3483:Foreign relations 3384:Gendarmerie Corps 3343:physical security 3148:Vatican judiciary 3131:Pontifical Villas 3127:cultural heritage 3105:Security services 3100:computer services 2970:, Argentina, was 2717:elective monarchy 2674:), and a garden ( 2660:Pope Nicholas III 2634:Giardini Vaticani 2576: 2575: 1863:(1559–1565), and 1735:Gendarmerie Corps 1725:, except for the 1676:ousted from power 1653:American military 1642:neutral territory 1604:Musicians of the 1536:Law of Guarantees 1468:Italian peninsula 938:. It is also the 893:international law 779: 778: 719: 718: 587:• Per capita 475:Donation of Pepin 369:absolute monarchy 311:National language 186: 47:29 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 20546: 20469:Christian states 20431: 20430: 20428: 20427: 20426: 20421: 20417: 20414: 20413: 20412: 20409: 20207:, Andalusia 20187:, Cantabria 20089:, Catalonia 20026: 20025: 19950: 19949: 19941: 19940: 19883:, Nidwalden 19638:Saint Petersburg 19242:, Perm Krai 19072:, Tatarstan 19022:, Chuvashia 19004: 19003: 18880:, Thuringia 18709: 18708: 18655:, Carinthia 18597: 18596: 18542:Saint Peter Port 18526:, Gibraltar 18430: 18429: 18421: 18420: 18322:, Lithuania 17961:Andorra la Vella 17945:Sovereign states 17914: 17907: 17900: 17891: 17890: 17875: 17863: 17862: 17849:Governed by the 17811:Northern Ireland 17754:Åland convention 17736: 17735: 17646: 17645: 17616: 17615: 17558: 17293:Sovereign states 17274: 17267: 17260: 17251: 17250: 17238: 17237: 17224: 17223: 17212: 17211: 17210: 17189:Patriarch Kirill 17062:Pope John Paul I 16867:Anti-clericalism 16847:Pope Innocent XI 16767:Society of Jesus 16752:Council of Trent 16706:Age of Discovery 16651:Late Middle Ages 16553:High Middle Ages 16543:East–West Schism 16427:Pope Sylvester I 16373: 16372: 16362: 16361: 16272:General epistles 16267:Pauline epistles 16200:John the Baptist 16183:Great Commission 16145: 16144: 16096:Catholic culture 15986: 15979: 15972: 15963: 15962: 15949: 15948: 15937: 15936: 15935: 15774:Apostolic Camera 15731:Prince assistant 15657:Sedia gestatoria 15330:Primate of Italy 15289: 15220:Papal apartments 15215:Apostolic Palace 15182:extraterritorial 15138: 15137: 15087: 15086: 15050: 15043: 15036: 15027: 15026: 15013: 15012: 15001: 15000: 14999: 14903:extraterritorial 14898: 14897: 14876:Adjacent gardens 14836:Nympheum of Nero 14785:extraterritorial 14780: 14779: 14672:Sancta Sanctorum 14650: 14649: 14613: 14612: 14606: 14603: 14602: 14592: 14591: 14580: 14431: 14430: 14412: 14409:province of Rome 14375: 14374: 14356: 14207:Apostolic Camera 14114: 14113: 14096: 13978:Primacy of Peter 13901: 13894: 13887: 13878: 13877: 13864: 13863: 13854: 13853: 13596:Redemptoristines 13444:Religious orders 13370:Anti-Catholicism 13320:Church buildings 13180:Catholic liturgy 12920:Consecrated life 12778:Apostolic Palace 12745:Synod of Bishops 12681: 12680: 12657: 12263:Ten Commandments 12196: 12195: 12178: 12079:Age of Discovery 11913:Great Commission 11881: 11880: 11865: 11819: 11812: 11805: 11796: 11795: 11782: 11781: 11770: 11769: 11768: 11726:Biagio d'Antonio 11644:Raphael Cartoons 11583:Erythraean Sibyl 11445: 11444: 11371: 11297: 11290: 11283: 11274: 11273: 11260: 11259: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11107:Vatican News App 11061: 11060: 10970: 10969: 10877: 10876: 10800:Apostolic Camera 10718: 10717: 10694:Vatican Pharmacy 10639:The Resurrection 10456:Niccoline Chapel 10446:Cappella Paolina 10432:Papal apartments 10409:Apostolic Palace 10390:Vatican Grottoes 10339: 10338: 10330: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10174: 10167: 10160: 10151: 10150: 10053: 10052: 10043: 10042: 10035: 10034: 10032:Official website 10026: 10023: 10022: 10020:Official website 9959: 9936: 9909: 9890: 9869: 9848: 9829: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9777: 9771: 9754: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9723: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9694: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9668: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9642: 9636: 9623: 9617: 9616: 9614: 9612: 9593: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9567: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9536: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9516:. Archived from 9506: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9456:. 28 June 2022. 9446: 9440: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9372: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9321: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9277: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9266: 9251: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9159: 9151: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9125: 9119: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9071: 9062: 9061: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9017: 9011: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8933: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8913: 8906: 8898: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8841: 8835: 8821: 8815: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8678: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8539: 8532: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8507: 8496: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8471: 8464: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8404:. Archived from 8394: 8388: 8374: 8368: 8355: 8346: 8330: 8324: 8304: 8298: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8268:. Archived from 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8227: 8218: 8201: 8195: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8145: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8108:"Gendarme Corps" 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7965: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7722: 7716: 7703: 7697: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7621: 7601: 7595: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7551: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7504: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7473: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7424:on 13 April 2008 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7384: 7378: 7360: 7354: 7344: 7338: 7321: 7315: 7299: 7293: 7276: 7270: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7175: 7169: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7062: 7051: 7048: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7008: 6990: 6980: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6933: 6923: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6894: 6885: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6864: 6861: 6855: 6852: 6846: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6784: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6702: 6696: 6693:978-1-13395479-8 6672: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6646: 6640: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6579: 6573: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6537: 6531: 6524: 6518: 6511: 6505: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6481: 6474: 6466: 6460: 6454: 6448: 6442: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6342: 6336:. Archived from 6335: 6327: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6218:. Archived from 6212: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6005: 5990: 5989: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5935: 5929:. Archived from 5924: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5892:. Archived from 5880: 5874: 5849: 5843: 5840:978-0-81606078-8 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5789: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5740:. Archived from 5734: 5728: 5727: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5653: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5616: 5610: 5606: 5591: 5576: 5570: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5529: 5522: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5479: 5468: 5462: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5406: 5399: 5390: 5387: 5381: 5336: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5203:Vatican Pharmacy 5144:diplomatic corps 5131:official gazette 5097:, broadcasts on 5073:top-level domain 5037:rarely used it. 5009:Ciampino Airport 4790:extraterritorial 4776:purposes due to 4604:Martin John Rees 4587:), and confront 4565:natural sciences 4537:academic freedom 4357: 3960: 3956: 3830: 3826: 3774:money-laundering 3681:money laundering 3373:natural disaster 3183:extraterritorial 3156:section on crime 3109:civil protection 3079: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3039: 2948:and head of the 2917:Apostolic Palace 2809:Apostolic Camera 2687: 2656:Apostolic Palace 2475: 1993: 1992: 1956: 1903:Benito Mussolini 1835:Apostolic Palace 1682:Post-war history 1569:Benito Mussolini 1550:Lateran treaties 1475:Kingdom of Italy 1399:and her consort 1378:Domenico Fontana 1320: 1113: 1102: 1096: 1077: 1071: 972:Apostolic Palace 958:and head of the 903:, and spiritual 889:sovereign entity 824: 823: 822: 821: 814: 811: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 740: 730: 724: 720: 714: 713: 711:Official website 647: 623: 568: 382:Sovereign entity 295: 294: 292: 291: 290: 289:41.9033; 12.4533 285: 281: 278: 277: 276: 273: 252: 243: 237: 229: 221: 215: 207: 187: 169: 161: 138: 124: 108: 100: 93: 85: 71: 70: 21: 20554: 20553: 20549: 20548: 20547: 20545: 20544: 20543: 20434: 20433: 20424: 20422: 20418: 20415: 20410: 20407: 20405: 20403: 20402: 20400: 20395: 20394: 20389: 20351: 20260: 20243:Vitoria-Gasteiz 20157:, Asturias 20117:, La Rioja 20065: 20011: 19968:, Sardinia 19936: 19926: 19833:, Obwalden 19659: 19612: 19555:Veliky Novgorod 19405:Nizhny Novgorod 19255: 19212: 19189: 19142:, Crimea ( 19132:, Mordovia 19092:, Dagestan 19062:, Udmurtia 19052:, Chechnya 19042:, Kalmykia 18993: 18960:, Saarland 18820: 18773: 18770:, Wallonia 18740: 18698: 18675:, Salzburg 18584: 18549: 18546:, Guernsey 18490: 18481: 18458:, Scotland 18412: 18388:, Abkhazia 18355: 18349: 18251:, Bulgaria 18108:, Slovenia 18100:, Portugal 18028:, Slovakia 17940: 17921: 17918: 17888: 17883: 17856: 17844:Oceanic islands 17824: 17817:subject to the 17784: 17779:Svalbard Treaty 17777:subject to the 17759: 17752:subject to the 17732: 17730: 17728: 17713: 17668: 17637: 17612: 17609: 17601: 17587:Northern Cyprus 17570: 17567: 17559: 17550: 17466:North Macedonia 17287: 17278: 17243: 17235: 17230: 17218: 17208: 17206: 17198: 17120:World Youth Day 17098: 17087:World Youth Day 17031:Pacem in terris 17025:Pope John XXIII 16964: 16891: 16882:Edict of Nantes 16840: 16836: 16826: 16792:Teresa of Ávila 16787:Tridentine Mass 16723: 16719: 16710: 16691:Knights Templar 16645: 16547: 16503:Gregorian chant 16461: 16387: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16368: 16356: 16283: 16152: 16140: 16132: 15999: 15997:Catholic Church 15990: 15960: 15955: 15943: 15933: 15931: 15923: 15892:Canonised popes 15822: 15813:Cappella Giulia 15740: 15704:Papal majordomo 15666: 15640: 15543: 15450: 15397: 15349: 15288: 15280: 15253:Major basilicas 15247: 15189: 15144: 15136: 15118:Diocese of Rome 15093: 15076: 15059: 15054: 15024: 15019: 15007: 14997: 14995: 14987: 14956:Papal household 14924: 14902: 14896: 14852: 14842: 14828:Sant'Apollinare 14826:Two Palaces of 14822:Russian College 14784: 14774: 14644: 14617:Major basilicas 14596: 14585: 14582: 14579: 14563: 14500: 14477: 14422: 14411: 14408: 14401: 14365: 14361: 14355: 14352: 14341: 14270:Of the Holy See 14265:To the Holy See 14248: 14246:Foreign affairs 14240: 14188: 14158: 14104: 14101: 14098: 14095: 14093:judicial entity 14092: 14085: 13959: 13937:Diocese of Rome 13910: 13905: 13875: 13870: 13848: 13840: 13819: 13802:Relief Services 13768: 13714:Catholic Action 13704:Military orders 13641:Confraternities 13633:of the faithful 13632: 13625: 13447: 13438: 13374: 13280: 13174: 13033: 13025: 12958:Prior, Prioress 12914: 12807: 12803:Vatican Museums 12754: 12687: 12673: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12656: 12650: 12575: 12529:Social teaching 12496: 12435: 12380: 12335:One true church 12299: 12276:Sixtine Vulgate 12272:Official Bible 12186: 12182: 12177: 12165: 12083: 12015: 11960: 11930:Petrine primacy 11873: 11869: 11864: 11856: 11828: 11826:Catholic Church 11823: 11793: 11788: 11776: 11766: 11764: 11754: 11737:Luca Signorelli 11732:Piero di Cosimo 11728: 11716:Cosimo Rosselli 11706:Pietro Perugino 11693: 11649: 11631: 11609: 11563: 11507: 11449: 11436: 11428: 11423:The Last Supper 11372: 11363: 11307: 11301: 11271: 11266: 11254: 11244: 11242: 11234: 11192: 11166: 11162:Catholic Church 11144: 11059: 11055:Public holidays 10955: 10927: 10862: 10833: 10781: 10754: 10749:Fundamental Law 10703: 10569:Gregorian Tower 10560: 10498:Vatican Museums 10492: 10427:Clementine Hall 10399: 10315: 10238: 10187: 10178: 10050: 10040: 10036:of the Holy See 10030: 10029: 10024: 10018: 10017: 10014: 9966: 9964:Further reading 9956: 9933: 9906: 9887: 9866: 9845: 9826: 9807: 9802: 9801: 9791: 9789: 9778: 9774: 9765:Wayback Machine 9755: 9751: 9741: 9739: 9724: 9717: 9707: 9705: 9696: 9695: 9691: 9681: 9679: 9670: 9669: 9665: 9655: 9653: 9644: 9643: 9639: 9635:, 24 July 2006. 9633:Wayback Machine 9624: 9620: 9610: 9608: 9595: 9594: 9590: 9580: 9578: 9569: 9568: 9559: 9549: 9547: 9538: 9537: 9533: 9523: 9521: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9478: 9477: 9473: 9463: 9461: 9448: 9447: 9443: 9433: 9431: 9421: 9417: 9407: 9405: 9402:vaticanstate.va 9396: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9374: 9373: 9369: 9359: 9357: 9345: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9323: 9322: 9318: 9308: 9306: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9279: 9278: 9274: 9264: 9262: 9253: 9252: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9220: 9219: 9215: 9205: 9203: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9152: 9148: 9138: 9136: 9127: 9126: 9122: 9112:Wayback Machine 9102: 9098: 9088: 9086: 9079:The Independent 9073: 9072: 9065: 9059: 9057:Wayback Machine 9048: 9044: 9034: 9032: 9019: 9018: 9014: 9005: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8980: 8979: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8952: 8948: 8935: 8934: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8911: 8904: 8900: 8899: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8851:on 20 July 2014 8843: 8842: 8838: 8832:Wayback Machine 8822: 8818: 8808:Wayback Machine 8799: 8795: 8785: 8783: 8770: 8769: 8765: 8755: 8753: 8740: 8739: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8709: 8705: 8695: 8693: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8665: 8663: 8650: 8649: 8645: 8635: 8633: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8587: 8583: 8573: 8571: 8557: 8553: 8543: 8541: 8537: 8530: 8526: 8525: 8521: 8511: 8509: 8505: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8485: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8426: 8425: 8421: 8411: 8409: 8396: 8395: 8391: 8385:Wayback Machine 8375: 8371: 8366:Wayback Machine 8356: 8349: 8344:Wayback Machine 8331: 8327: 8315:Wayback Machine 8305: 8301: 8290:Wayback Machine 8281: 8277: 8254: 8250: 8240: 8238: 8229: 8228: 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OUP: 927. 6957: 6953: 6946: 6924: 6917: 6907: 6905: 6896: 6895: 6888: 6880: 6876: 6871: 6867: 6862: 6858: 6853: 6849: 6844: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6786: 6785: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6686:Wayback Machine 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6629:E. Denison Ross 6616:Wayback Machine 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6570:Natural History 6566:Pliny the Elder 6564: 6560: 6550: 6548: 6539: 6538: 6534: 6525: 6521: 6512: 6508: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6463: 6455: 6451: 6443: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6374: 6360: 6356: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6321: 6311: 6309: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6225: 6223: 6214: 6213: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6166: 6164: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6061:"La Santa Sede" 6059: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6018: 6016: 6007: 6006: 5993: 5987: 5984:Wayback Machine 5975: 5971: 5965: 5964:, 1930, p. 99. 5962:Wayback Machine 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5922: 5913: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5860:Wayback Machine 5850: 5846: 5832:Wayback Machine 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5791: 5790: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5701: 5699: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5654: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5630: 5617: 5613: 5525: 5515:Cité du Vatican 5498: 5494: 5469: 5465: 5455:Fundamental Law 5453:of the state's 5441: 5434: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5400: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5351: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5262: 5257: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5214: 5209: 5199: 5152: 5054: 5031:Pope John XXIII 5019:Vatican Railway 4969: 4963: 4958: 4888: 4882: 4857:studies at the 4824:popular science 4795:. However, the 4778:light pollution 4653:Robert J. White 4649:head transplant 4645:Francis Collins 4626:Jennifer Doudna 4589:epistemological 4513: 4495:to the List of 4489:Vatican Museums 4460:as well as the 4403: 4401:Vatican Museums 4393: 4388: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4363: 4358: 4346:sacramental use 4337: 4311:Italian citizen 4287: 4258: 4252: 4247: 4125:Other religious 3954: 3812: 3806: 3702:Vatican Museums 3698: 3692: 3600: 3495: 3485: 3437: 3431: 3408:traffic control 3363:, the national 3335:fire protection 3308:armed conflicts 3240:was founded by 3209: 3193:Main articles: 3191: 3169:are located on 3087:Infrastructures 3077: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3034: 3006: 2996: 2950:Catholic Church 2946:diocese of Rome 2909: 2903: 2895:Main articles: 2893: 2851: 2845: 2833:cardinal deacon 2829:cardinal priest 2825:cardinal bishop 2801: 2763: 2757: 2729: 2710: 2704: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2630:Vatican Gardens 2626: 2620: 2577: 2473: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1918:major basilicas 1785: 1779: 1744:In 1984, a new 1684: 1646:Royal Air Force 1598: 1592: 1580:Pietro Gasparri 1558: 1552: 1516: 1510: 1498:capture of Rome 1490:Quirinal Palace 1452: 1446: 1440: 1330:Vatican obelisk 1152:Vatican obelisk 1144: 1139: 1129: 1042: 1026:Vatican Museums 976:Quirinal Palace 964:Catholic clergy 960:Catholic Church 817: 816: 789: 785: 743: 728: 715: 709: 708: 707: 642: 639: 618: 588: 578: 562: 546: 532: 511: 490: 477: 463: 429: 414: 399: 384: 349: 333: 288: 286: 282: 279: 274: 271: 269: 267: 266: 265: 238: 233: 232: 223: 216: 209: 199: 173: 170: 163: 146: 145: 144: 139: 131: 130: 125: 112: 111: 102: 87: 76: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20552: 20542: 20541: 20536: 20531: 20526: 20521: 20516: 20511: 20506: 20501: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20466: 20461: 20456: 20451: 20446: 20397: 20396: 20391: 20390: 20388: 20387: 20384: 20383:being followed 20377: 20367: 20360: 20357: 20356: 20353: 20352: 20350: 20349: 20339: 20329: 20319: 20309: 20299: 20289: 20279: 20268: 20266: 20262: 20261: 20259: 20258: 20248: 20238: 20228: 20218: 20208: 20198: 20197:, Galicia 20188: 20178: 20177:, Navarre 20168: 20158: 20148: 20138: 20128: 20118: 20108: 20090: 20079: 20077: 20071: 20070: 20067: 20066: 20064: 20063: 20062:, Madeira 20053: 20034: 20032: 20023: 20017: 20016: 20013: 20012: 20010: 20009: 19999: 19989: 19979: 19969: 19958: 19956: 19947: 19938: 19932: 19931: 19928: 19927: 19925: 19924: 19914: 19904: 19894: 19884: 19874: 19864: 19854: 19844: 19834: 19824: 19814: 19804: 19794: 19784: 19774: 19764: 19754: 19753:, Thurgau 19744: 19734: 19733:, Grisons 19724: 19714: 19704: 19694: 19684: 19673: 19671: 19665: 19664: 19661: 19660: 19658: 19657: 19643: 19633: 19622: 19620: 19618:Federal cities 19614: 19613: 19611: 19610: 19600: 19590: 19580: 19570: 19560: 19550: 19540: 19530: 19520: 19510: 19500: 19490: 19480: 19470: 19460: 19450: 19440: 19430: 19420: 19410: 19400: 19390: 19380: 19370: 19356: 19346: 19336: 19326: 19316: 19306: 19296: 19286: 19276: 19265: 19263: 19257: 19256: 19254: 19253: 19243: 19233: 19222: 19220: 19214: 19213: 19211: 19210: 19199: 19197: 19191: 19190: 19188: 19187: 19186:, Mari El 19177: 19167: 19157: 19147: 19133: 19123: 19122:, Karelia 19113: 19103: 19093: 19083: 19073: 19063: 19053: 19043: 19033: 19023: 19012: 19010: 19001: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18991: 18981: 18971: 18961: 18951: 18941: 18940:, Bavaria 18931: 18921: 18911: 18901: 18891: 18890:, Hamburg 18881: 18871: 18861: 18851: 18841: 18830: 18828: 18822: 18821: 18819: 18818: 18808: 18798: 18787: 18785: 18779: 18778: 18775: 18774: 18772: 18771: 18761: 18750: 18748: 18742: 18741: 18739: 18738: 18728: 18717: 18715: 18706: 18700: 18699: 18697: 18696: 18686: 18676: 18666: 18656: 18646: 18636: 18626: 18616: 18605: 18603: 18594: 18593:Federal states 18590: 18589: 18586: 18585: 18583: 18582: 18572: 18561: 18559: 18555: 18554: 18551: 18550: 18548: 18547: 18537: 18527: 18517: 18507: 18496: 18494: 18483: 18482: 18480: 18479: 18469: 18459: 18449: 18448:, England 18438: 18436: 18427: 18425:United Kingdom 18418: 18414: 18413: 18411: 18410: 18400: 18390: 18380: 18370: 18359: 18357: 18351: 18350: 18348: 18347: 18346:, Croatia 18339: 18338:, Armenia 18331: 18323: 18315: 18314:, Austria 18307: 18300: 18292: 18284: 18283:, Albania 18276: 18275:, Georgia 18268: 18267:, Estonia 18260: 18252: 18244: 18236: 18228: 18220: 18212: 18204: 18203:, Iceland 18196: 18188: 18180: 18172: 18164: 18156: 18148: 18141: 18140:, Belarus 18133: 18125: 18117: 18109: 18101: 18093: 18092:, Ukraine 18085: 18084:, Finland 18077: 18076:, Ireland 18069: 18068:, Denmark 18061: 18060:, Moldova 18053: 18052:, Hungary 18045: 18044:, Romania 18037: 18036:, Belgium 18029: 18021: 18013: 18012:, Germany 18005: 17997: 17989: 17981: 17973: 17965: 17964:, Andorra 17957: 17948: 17946: 17942: 17941: 17926: 17923: 17922: 17917: 17916: 17909: 17902: 17894: 17885: 17884: 17882: 17881: 17869: 17855: 17854: 17847: 17841: 17838: 17834: 17833: 17830: 17829: 17826: 17825: 17823: 17822: 17808: 17803: 17798: 17792: 17790: 17789:United Kingdom 17786: 17785: 17783: 17782: 17767: 17765: 17761: 17760: 17758: 17757: 17742: 17740: 17733: 17726: 17723: 17722: 17719: 17718: 17715: 17714: 17712: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17700: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17678: 17676: 17670: 17669: 17667: 17666: 17656: 17649: 17643: 17642:United Kingdom 17639: 17638: 17636: 17635: 17634: 17633: 17622: 17620: 17613: 17606: 17603: 17602: 17600: 17599: 17594: 17589: 17584: 17579: 17573: 17571: 17564: 17561: 17560: 17553: 17551: 17549: 17548: 17543: 17541:United Kingdom 17538: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17356:Czech Republic 17353: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17303: 17297: 17295: 17289: 17288: 17277: 17276: 17269: 17262: 17254: 17248: 17245: 17244: 17232: 17231: 17229: 17228: 17216: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17197: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17168: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17117: 17112: 17106: 17104: 17100: 17099: 17097: 17096: 17095: 17094: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17049: 17044: 17039: 17034: 17027: 17022: 17015: 17010: 17008:Lateran Treaty 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16974: 16972: 16966: 16965: 16963: 16962: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16899: 16897: 16893: 16892: 16890: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16864: 16859: 16854: 16849: 16843: 16841: 16833:Baroque period 16831: 16828: 16827: 16825: 16824: 16819: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16802:Peter Canisius 16799: 16794: 16789: 16784: 16779: 16777:Francis Xavier 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16744: 16741:Exsurge Domine 16737: 16732: 16726: 16724: 16715: 16712: 16711: 16709: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16683: 16681:Pope Clement V 16678: 16677: 16676: 16674:Avignon Papacy 16669:Western Schism 16666: 16661: 16659:Thomas Aquinas 16655: 16653: 16647: 16646: 16644: 16643: 16638: 16633: 16628: 16623: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16598: 16593: 16588: 16583: 16578: 16573: 16568: 16563: 16557: 16555: 16549: 16548: 16546: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16513:Saint Boniface 16510: 16505: 16500: 16498:Pope Gregory I 16495: 16490: 16485: 16479: 16477: 16471: 16470: 16467: 16466: 16463: 16462: 16460: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16437:Biblical canon 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16403: 16402: 16391: 16389: 16370: 16366:Late antiquity 16358: 16357: 16355: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16333: 16332: 16327: 16326: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16313:Pope Clement I 16303:Church Fathers 16300: 16294: 16292: 16285: 16284: 16282: 16281: 16280: 16279: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16244: 16239: 16234: 16229: 16228: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16186: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16159: 16157: 16142: 16134: 16133: 16131: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16109: 16108: 16103: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16072: 16071: 16066: 16064:Biblical canon 16059:Catholic Bible 16056: 16055: 16054: 16044: 16043: 16042: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16021: 16020: 16009: 16007: 16001: 16000: 15989: 15988: 15981: 15974: 15966: 15957: 15956: 15954: 15953: 15941: 15928: 15925: 15924: 15922: 15921: 15920: 15919: 15917:Western Schism 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15878: 15877: 15875:Major Seminary 15867: 15866: 15865: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15844: 15843: 15834:Papal nobility 15830: 15828: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15804: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15787: 15786: 15776: 15766: 15765: 15764: 15759: 15748: 15746: 15742: 15741: 15739: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15707: 15706: 15696: 15691: 15682: 15676: 15674: 15668: 15667: 15665: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15648: 15646: 15645:Transportation 15642: 15641: 15639: 15638: 15633: 15632: 15631: 15621: 15619:Sub-cinctorium 15616: 15615: 15614: 15604: 15599: 15594: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15553: 15551: 15545: 15544: 15542: 15541: 15536: 15535: 15534: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15503: 15502: 15492: 15491: 15490: 15483: 15471: 15470: 15469: 15458: 15456: 15452: 15451: 15449: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15427: 15426: 15416: 15411: 15405: 15403: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15378:Keys of Heaven 15375: 15370: 15365: 15359: 15357: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15305:Bishop of Rome 15302: 15296: 15294: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15257: 15255: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15245: 15235: 15229: 15228: 15227: 15225:Sistine Chapel 15222: 15212: 15205: 15203: 15199: 15198: 15195: 15194: 15191: 15190: 15188: 15187: 15178: 15177: 15176: 15173:Lateran Treaty 15156: 15154: 15135: 15134: 15133: 15132: 15131: 15130: 15101: 15099: 15096:Full communion 15084: 15078: 15077: 15064: 15061: 15060: 15053: 15052: 15045: 15038: 15030: 15021: 15020: 15018: 15017: 15005: 14992: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14985: 14980: 14979: 14978: 14973: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14940: 14938: 14934: 14933: 14930: 14929: 14926: 14925: 14923: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14906: 14904: 14895: 14894: 14885: 14879: 14878: 14877: 14874: 14868: 14865: 14856: 14854: 14848: 14847: 14844: 14843: 14841: 14840: 14839: 14838: 14830: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14806: 14801: 14795: 14791:Palace of the 14788: 14786: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14754: 14753: 14752: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14706: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14684: 14679: 14678: 14677: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14657:Lateran Palace 14653: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14621: 14619: 14609: 14608: 14600: 14589: 14586:territoriality 14573: 14572: 14569: 14568: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14510: 14508: 14502: 14501: 14499: 14498: 14493: 14487: 14485: 14479: 14478: 14476: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14448:Velletri-Segni 14445: 14439: 14437: 14428: 14407:Ecclesiastical 14403: 14402: 14400: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14383: 14381: 14372: 14363:full communion 14347: 14346: 14343: 14342: 14340: 14339: 14338: 14337: 14327: 14326: 14325: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14306:European Union 14303: 14302: 14301: 14300: 14299: 14287:United Nations 14284: 14279: 14278: 14277: 14267: 14262: 14256: 14254: 14242: 14241: 14239: 14238: 14237: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14220: 14219: 14209: 14198: 14196: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14186: 14185: 14184: 14182:Papal conclave 14174: 14168: 14166: 14160: 14159: 14157: 14156: 14155: 14154: 14149: 14139: 14137:Pietro Parolin 14131: 14122: 14120: 14111: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14072: 14071: 14069:Lateran Treaty 14061: 14056: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14038: 14037: 14035:Temporal power 14027: 14025:Avignon Papacy 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14006: 14005: 13998:Lateran Palace 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13969: 13967: 13961: 13960: 13958: 13957: 13948: 13939: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13904: 13903: 13896: 13889: 13881: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13868: 13858: 13845: 13842: 13841: 13839: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13820: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13778: 13776: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13749:Legion of Mary 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13700: 13699: 13698: 13697: 13687: 13686: 13685: 13678:Lay Carmelites 13675: 13665: 13664: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13637: 13635: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13526:Conceptionists 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13461:Assumptionists 13457: 13455: 13440: 13439: 13437: 13436: 13429: 13422: 13415: 13412: 13411: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13390: 13384: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13328: 13327: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13306: 13305: 13294: 13292: 13286: 13285: 13282: 13281: 13279: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13275: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13229: 13228: 13227: 13226: 13225: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13184: 13182: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13172: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13163:Syro-Malankara 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13113:Italo-Albanian 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13045: 13039: 13037: 13027: 13026: 13024: 13023: 13022: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13001: 12996: 12995: 12994: 12984: 12983: 12982: 12977: 12967: 12962: 12961: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12931: 12924: 12922: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12896: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12840: 12839: 12838: 12833: 12822: 12820: 12809: 12808: 12806: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12783:Lateran Treaty 12780: 12775: 12770: 12764: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12741: 12740: 12730: 12729: 12728: 12723: 12709: 12704: 12695: 12693: 12678: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12602: 12601: 12596: 12585: 12583: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12573: 12572: 12571: 12566: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12544: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12519:Moral theology 12516: 12510: 12508: 12502: 12501: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12494: 12489: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12445: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12422: 12421: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12390: 12388: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12378: 12373: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12349: 12344: 12343: 12342: 12337: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12309: 12307: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12297: 12292: 12291: 12290: 12283: 12278: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12219: 12218: 12213: 12202: 12200: 12193: 12171: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12117: 12116: 12115: 12114: 12104: 12093: 12091: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12034:Pope Gregory I 12031: 12025: 12023: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12013: 12008: 12006:Biblical canon 12003: 12001:Late antiquity 11998: 11997: 11996: 11991: 11981: 11976: 11970: 11968: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11958: 11957: 11956: 11946: 11945: 11944: 11937:Church fathers 11934: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11917: 11916: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11889: 11887: 11878: 11871:Ecclesiastical 11858: 11857: 11855: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11833: 11830: 11829: 11822: 11821: 11814: 11807: 11799: 11790: 11789: 11787: 11786: 11774: 11761: 11760: 11758:Pope Sixtus IV 11755: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11698: 11695: 11694: 11692: 11691: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11657: 11655: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11647: 11639: 11637: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11629: 11621: 11619: 11615: 11614: 11611: 11610: 11608: 11607: 11600: 11593: 11586: 11579: 11571: 11569: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11561: 11554: 11547: 11542: 11535: 11530: 11523: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11508: 11506: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11473: 11468: 11461: 11453: 11451: 11442: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11426: 11419: 11412: 11405: 11398: 11391: 11383: 11381: 11374: 11373: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11361: 11354: 11347: 11340: 11333: 11326: 11318: 11316: 11309: 11308: 11305:Sistine Chapel 11300: 11299: 11292: 11285: 11277: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11264: 11252: 11239: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11232: 11227: 11221: 11215: 11210: 11204: 11202: 11198: 11197: 11194: 11193: 11191: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11174: 11172: 11168: 11167: 11165: 11164: 11158: 11156: 11150: 11149: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11142: 11137: 11130: 11129: 11128: 11121: 11109: 11104: 11103: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11082: 11081: 11080: 11069: 11067: 11058: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11046: 11045: 11035: 11034: 11033: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11011:Climate Forest 11008: 11007: 11006: 10996: 10991: 10990: 10989: 10984: 10973: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10953: 10952: 10951: 10946: 10935: 10933: 10932:Infrastructure 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10914: 10913: 10912: 10911: 10904:Poste Vaticane 10901: 10894:Communications 10891: 10886: 10880: 10874: 10868: 10867: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10860: 10854: 10849: 10843: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10831: 10830: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10813: 10812: 10802: 10791: 10789: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10777:Pietro Parolin 10771: 10762: 10760: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10751: 10746: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10715: 10709: 10708: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10643: 10642: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10598: 10593: 10592: 10591: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10565: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10521:Pio-Clementino 10518: 10513: 10508: 10502: 10500: 10494: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10471:Sistine Chapel 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10413: 10411: 10405: 10404: 10401: 10400: 10398: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10386: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10365: 10358: 10353: 10347: 10345: 10336: 10334:Major basilica 10323: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10296:Lateran Treaty 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10266: 10264:Circus of Nero 10261: 10254: 10248: 10246: 10240: 10239: 10237: 10236: 10231: 10230: 10229: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10203: 10198: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10177: 10176: 10169: 10162: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10123: 10114: 10105: 10096: 10080: 10075: 10062: 10047: 10037: 10027: 10013: 10012:External links 10010: 10009: 10008: 9965: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9954: 9937: 9931: 9915:La Meta Romuli 9910: 9904: 9891: 9885: 9870: 9864: 9849: 9843: 9830: 9824: 9812:Chadwick, Owen 9806: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9780:Glatz, Carol. 9772: 9758:www.vatican.va 9749: 9715: 9689: 9674:. Vatican.va. 9663: 9637: 9618: 9588: 9573:. Sinfin.net. 9557: 9531: 9501: 9471: 9441: 9415: 9389: 9367: 9338: 9316: 9294: 9272: 9243: 9213: 9202:. 20 July 1998 9187: 9146: 9120: 9096: 9063: 9042: 9012: 8999: 8973: 8946: 8925: 8888: 8873:. 2 May 2022. 8862: 8836: 8816: 8793: 8763: 8733: 8703: 8673: 8643: 8612: 8581: 8551: 8519: 8483: 8451: 8419: 8389: 8369: 8347: 8325: 8320:Spiegel Online 8299: 8275: 8248: 8219: 8196: 8177: 8151: 8125: 8099: 8073: 8051: 8025: 8006: 7986: 7955: 7929: 7903: 7877: 7851: 7825: 7799: 7773: 7747: 7717: 7698: 7677: 7647: 7628: 7596: 7572: 7555:"Vatican City" 7543: 7521: 7499: 7468: 7435: 7405: 7379: 7355: 7339: 7316: 7294: 7271: 7248: 7222: 7196: 7170: 7151: 7125: 7095: 7083: 7068:. vatican.va. 7052: 7043: 7014: 6951: 6944: 6915: 6886: 6874: 6865: 6856: 6847: 6835: 6809: 6776: 6746: 6739: 6719: 6697: 6667: 6641: 6600: 6574: 6558: 6532: 6519: 6506: 6493: 6461: 6449: 6432: 6405: 6379: 6372: 6354: 6319: 6289: 6272:"Vatican City" 6263: 6233: 6204: 6174: 6153:"Vatican City" 6144: 6123:"nation-state" 6113: 6092:"Vatican City" 6082: 6052: 6026: 5991: 5969: 5947: 5907: 5896:on 24 May 2011 5875: 5844: 5814: 5781: 5770:on 24 May 2011 5755: 5744:on 29 May 2023 5729: 5722:. 6 May 2014. 5709: 5679: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5643:Citation notes 5641: 5639: 5638: 5628: 5611: 5609: 5608: 5592: 5577: 5556: 5523: 5492: 5472:ecclesiastical 5463: 5428: 5416: 5407: 5391: 5382: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5267: 5253: 5237: 5234: 5230:European Union 5213: 5210: 5198: 5195: 5168:Poste Vaticane 5151: 5150:Postal service 5148: 5053: 5050: 5016:standard gauge 4965:Main article: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4884:Main article: 4881: 4878: 4611:Cédric Villani 4601:astrophysicist 4553:Earth sciences 4512: 4509: 4446:Sistine Chapel 4392: 4389: 4381: 4378: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4336: 4333: 4286: 4283: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3825: 3805: 3802: 3752:euro banknotes 3748:European Union 3721:Raffaele Stern 3694:Main article: 3691: 3688: 3660:following the 3616:United Nations 3608:United Nations 3599: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3588: 3579: 3578: 3572: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3542:(Eutelsat IGO) 3537: 3484: 3481: 3433:Main article: 3430: 3427: 3404:border control 3285:Palatine Guard 3281:border control 3253:basic training 3242:Pope Julius II 3190: 3187: 3179:Lateran Treaty 3177:thanks to the 3133: 3132: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3102: 3093: 2995: 2992: 2935:, the Pope is 2892: 2889: 2868:Black Nobility 2849:Papal nobility 2847:Main article: 2844: 2843:Papal nobility 2841: 2800: 2797: 2756: 2753: 2741:United Nations 2734:Late Antiquity 2728: 2725: 2706:Main article: 2703: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2664:Lateran Palace 2622:Main article: 2619: 2616: 2589:carbon neutral 2574: 2573: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2521:sunshine hours 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2395: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1991: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1933:Italian police 1883:Lateran Treaty 1876:Lateran Treaty 1839:Sistine Chapel 1821:, down to the 1802:Ager Vaticanus 1797:Roman Republic 1781:Main article: 1778: 1775: 1683: 1680: 1594:Main article: 1591: 1588: 1562:Lateran Treaty 1556:Lateran Treaty 1554:Main article: 1551: 1548: 1514:Roman Question 1512:Main article: 1509: 1506: 1482:Lateran Palace 1442:Main article: 1439: 1436: 1424:Pope Symmachus 1334:Circus of Nero 1323:Circus of Nero 1234:Ripa Veientana 1230:Ager Vaticanus 1206:Ager Vaticanus 1196:, down to the 1177:Ager Vaticanus 1172:Roman Republic 1143: 1140: 1128: 1125: 1081:Ager Vaticanus 1052:Lateran Treaty 1041: 1038: 1034:postage stamps 1018:Sistine Chapel 999:Lateran Treaty 968:Avignon Papacy 956:bishop of Rome 944:ecclesiastical 877:Lateran Treaty 777: 776: 769: 765: 764: 759: 755: 754: 751: 745: 744: 741: 733: 732: 717: 716: 703: 700: 699: 694: 688: 687: 682: 676: 675: 670: 664: 663: 660: 654: 653: 640: 633: 630: 629: 616: 612: 611: 597: 593: 592: 589: 586: 583: 582: 579: 576: 573: 572: 569: 555: 554: 547: 545:• Density 544: 541: 540: 533: 530: 527: 526: 520: 519: 512: 509: 506: 505: 499: 498: 495: 494: 491: 488:Lateran Treaty 485: 482: 481: 478: 472: 469: 468: 465: 464: 454: 450: 449: 444: 440: 439: 436: 435: 430: 424: 421: 420: 418:Pietro Parolin 415: 409: 406: 405: 400: 394: 391: 390: 385: 379: 376: 375: 372: 371: 358: 352: 351: 348:None (de jure) 346: 340: 339: 336:state religion 328: 324: 323: 313: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296: 260:Vatican City ( 258: 254: 253: 245: 244: 231: 230: 200: 193: 192: 148: 147: 140: 133: 132: 126: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 110: 109: 94: 78: 77: 74: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20551: 20540: 20537: 20535: 20532: 20530: 20527: 20525: 20522: 20520: 20517: 20515: 20512: 20510: 20507: 20505: 20502: 20500: 20497: 20495: 20492: 20490: 20487: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20462: 20460: 20457: 20455: 20452: 20450: 20447: 20445: 20442: 20441: 20439: 20432: 20429: 20385: 20382: 20378: 20376: 20372: 20368: 20366: 20362: 20361: 20358: 20347: 20346: 20345: 20340: 20337: 20336: 20335: 20330: 20327: 20326: 20325: 20320: 20317: 20316: 20315: 20310: 20307: 20306: 20305: 20300: 20297: 20296: 20295: 20290: 20287: 20286: 20285: 20280: 20277: 20276: 20275: 20270: 20269: 20267: 20263: 20257:, Aragon 20256: 20255: 20254: 20249: 20246: 20245: 20244: 20239: 20236: 20235: 20234: 20229: 20226: 20225: 20224: 20219: 20216: 20215: 20214: 20209: 20206: 20205: 20204: 20199: 20196: 20195: 20194: 20189: 20186: 20185: 20184: 20179: 20176: 20175: 20174: 20169: 20166: 20165: 20164: 20159: 20156: 20155: 20154: 20149: 20146: 20145: 20144: 20139: 20136: 20135: 20134: 20129: 20126: 20125: 20124: 20119: 20116: 20115: 20114: 20109: 20106: 20105: 20104: 20098: 20097: 20096: 20091: 20088: 20087: 20086: 20081: 20080: 20078: 20076: 20072: 20061: 20060: 20059: 20054: 20052:, Azores 20051: 20050: 20049: 20045: 20041: 20040:Ponta Delgada 20036: 20035: 20033: 20031: 20027: 20024: 20022: 20018: 20007: 20006: 20005: 20000: 19997: 19996: 19995: 19990: 19987: 19986: 19985: 19980: 19978:, Sicily 19977: 19976: 19975: 19970: 19967: 19966: 19965: 19960: 19959: 19957: 19955: 19951: 19948: 19946: 19942: 19939: 19933: 19922: 19921: 19920: 19915: 19912: 19911: 19910: 19905: 19902: 19901: 19900: 19895: 19892: 19891: 19890: 19885: 19882: 19881: 19880: 19875: 19872: 19871: 19870: 19865: 19863:, Valais 19862: 19861: 19860: 19855: 19852: 19851: 19850: 19845: 19842: 19841: 19840: 19835: 19832: 19831: 19830: 19825: 19822: 19821: 19820: 19815: 19812: 19811: 19810: 19805: 19802: 19801: 19800: 19795: 19792: 19791: 19790: 19785: 19782: 19781: 19780: 19775: 19772: 19771: 19770: 19765: 19762: 19761: 19760: 19755: 19752: 19751: 19750: 19745: 19742: 19741: 19740: 19735: 19732: 19731: 19730: 19725: 19723:, Ticino 19722: 19721: 19720: 19715: 19712: 19711: 19710: 19705: 19702: 19701: 19700: 19695: 19692: 19691: 19690: 19685: 19683:, Aargau 19682: 19681: 19680: 19675: 19674: 19672: 19670: 19666: 19655: 19651: 19650: 19649: 19644: 19641: 19640: 19639: 19634: 19632:, Moscow 19631: 19630: 19629: 19624: 19623: 19621: 19619: 19615: 19608: 19607: 19606: 19601: 19598: 19597: 19596: 19591: 19588: 19587: 19586: 19581: 19578: 19577: 19576: 19571: 19568: 19567: 19566: 19561: 19558: 19557: 19556: 19551: 19548: 19547: 19546: 19541: 19538: 19537: 19536: 19531: 19528: 19527: 19526: 19521: 19518: 19517: 19516: 19511: 19508: 19507: 19506: 19501: 19498: 19497: 19496: 19491: 19488: 19487: 19486: 19481: 19478: 19477: 19476: 19471: 19468: 19467: 19466: 19461: 19458: 19457: 19456: 19455:Rostov-on-Don 19451: 19448: 19447: 19446: 19441: 19438: 19437: 19436: 19431: 19428: 19427: 19426: 19421: 19418: 19417: 19416: 19411: 19408: 19407: 19406: 19401: 19398: 19397: 19396: 19391: 19388: 19387: 19386: 19381: 19378: 19377: 19376: 19371: 19368: 19367: 19366: 19362: 19357: 19354: 19353: 19352: 19347: 19344: 19343: 19342: 19337: 19334: 19333: 19332: 19327: 19324: 19323: 19322: 19317: 19314: 19313: 19312: 19307: 19304: 19303: 19302: 19297: 19294: 19293: 19292: 19287: 19284: 19283: 19282: 19277: 19274: 19273: 19272: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19262: 19258: 19251: 19250: 19249: 19244: 19241: 19240: 19239: 19234: 19231: 19230: 19229: 19224: 19223: 19221: 19219: 19215: 19209:, Nenets 19208: 19207: 19206: 19201: 19200: 19198: 19196: 19192: 19185: 19184: 19183: 19178: 19175: 19174: 19173: 19168: 19165: 19164: 19163: 19158: 19155: 19154: 19153: 19148: 19145: 19141: 19140: 19139: 19134: 19131: 19130: 19129: 19124: 19121: 19120: 19119: 19114: 19111: 19110: 19109: 19104: 19102:, Adygea 19101: 19100: 19099: 19094: 19091: 19090: 19089: 19084: 19081: 19080: 19079: 19074: 19071: 19070: 19069: 19064: 19061: 19060: 19059: 19054: 19051: 19050: 19049: 19044: 19041: 19040: 19039: 19034: 19031: 19030: 19029: 19024: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19014: 19013: 19011: 19009: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18996: 18989: 18988: 18987: 18982: 18979: 18978: 18977: 18972: 18969: 18968: 18967: 18962: 18959: 18958: 18957: 18952: 18949: 18948: 18947: 18942: 18939: 18938: 18937: 18932: 18929: 18928: 18927: 18922: 18919: 18918: 18917: 18912: 18909: 18908: 18907: 18902: 18899: 18898: 18897: 18892: 18889: 18888: 18887: 18882: 18879: 18878: 18877: 18872: 18869: 18868: 18867: 18862: 18860:, Saxony 18859: 18858: 18857: 18852: 18850:, Bremen 18849: 18848: 18847: 18842: 18840:, Berlin 18839: 18838: 18837: 18832: 18831: 18829: 18827: 18823: 18816: 18815: 18814: 18809: 18806: 18805: 18804: 18799: 18796: 18795: 18794: 18789: 18788: 18786: 18784: 18780: 18769: 18768: 18767: 18762: 18759: 18758: 18757: 18752: 18751: 18749: 18747: 18743: 18736: 18735: 18734: 18729: 18726: 18725: 18724: 18719: 18718: 18716: 18714: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18701: 18695:, Vienna 18694: 18693: 18692: 18687: 18684: 18683: 18682: 18677: 18674: 18673: 18672: 18667: 18664: 18663: 18662: 18657: 18654: 18653: 18652: 18647: 18644: 18643: 18642: 18637: 18635:, Styria 18634: 18633: 18632: 18627: 18624: 18623: 18622: 18617: 18614: 18613: 18612: 18607: 18606: 18604: 18602: 18598: 18595: 18591: 18581: 18579: 18578: 18573: 18571: 18569: 18568: 18563: 18562: 18560: 18556: 18545: 18544: 18543: 18538: 18536:, Jersey 18535: 18534: 18533: 18528: 18525: 18524: 18523: 18518: 18515: 18514: 18513: 18508: 18505: 18504: 18503: 18498: 18497: 18495: 18493: 18488: 18484: 18477: 18476: 18475: 18470: 18467: 18466: 18465: 18460: 18457: 18456: 18455: 18450: 18447: 18446: 18445: 18440: 18439: 18437: 18435: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18422: 18419: 18415: 18409: 18407: 18406: 18401: 18399: 18397: 18396: 18391: 18389: 18387: 18386: 18381: 18379: 18378:, Kosovo 18377: 18376: 18371: 18369: 18367: 18366: 18365:North Nicosia 18361: 18360: 18358: 18352: 18345: 18344: 18340: 18337: 18336: 18332: 18330:, Poland 18329: 18328: 18324: 18321: 18320: 18316: 18313: 18312: 18308: 18306: 18305: 18301: 18298: 18297: 18293: 18290: 18289: 18285: 18282: 18281: 18277: 18274: 18273: 18269: 18266: 18265: 18261: 18259:, Sweden 18258: 18257: 18253: 18250: 18249: 18245: 18242: 18241: 18237: 18234: 18233: 18229: 18226: 18225: 18221: 18218: 18217: 18213: 18211:, Latvia 18210: 18209: 18205: 18202: 18201: 18197: 18194: 18193: 18189: 18186: 18185: 18181: 18179:, France 18178: 18177: 18173: 18171:, Norway 18170: 18169: 18165: 18163:, Cyprus 18162: 18161: 18157: 18155:, Russia 18154: 18153: 18149: 18147: 18146: 18142: 18139: 18138: 18134: 18131: 18130: 18126: 18123: 18122: 18118: 18115: 18114: 18110: 18107: 18106: 18102: 18099: 18098: 18094: 18091: 18090: 18086: 18083: 18082: 18078: 18075: 18074: 18070: 18067: 18066: 18062: 18059: 18058: 18054: 18051: 18050: 18046: 18043: 18042: 18038: 18035: 18034: 18030: 18027: 18026: 18022: 18019: 18018: 18014: 18011: 18010: 18006: 18004:, Serbia 18003: 18002: 17998: 17995: 17994: 17990: 17988:, Greece 17987: 17986: 17982: 17979: 17978: 17974: 17972:, Turkey 17971: 17970: 17966: 17963: 17962: 17958: 17955: 17954: 17950: 17949: 17947: 17943: 17938: 17934: 17930: 17924: 17915: 17910: 17908: 17903: 17901: 17896: 17895: 17892: 17880: 17879: 17878:Europe portal 17874: 17870: 17868: 17867: 17858: 17857: 17852: 17848: 17845: 17842: 17839: 17836: 17835: 17831: 17820: 17816: 17812: 17809: 17807: 17804: 17802: 17799: 17797: 17794: 17793: 17791: 17787: 17780: 17776: 17772: 17769: 17768: 17766: 17762: 17755: 17751: 17747: 17744: 17743: 17741: 17737: 17734: 17727:Special areas 17724: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17684: 17683: 17680: 17679: 17677: 17675: 17671: 17664: 17660: 17657: 17654: 17651: 17650: 17647: 17644: 17640: 17632: 17629: 17628: 17627: 17626:Faroe Islands 17624: 17623: 17621: 17617: 17614: 17611: 17604: 17598: 17595: 17593: 17592:South Ossetia 17590: 17588: 17585: 17583: 17580: 17578: 17575: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17562: 17557: 17547: 17544: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17426:Liechtenstein 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17298: 17296: 17294: 17290: 17286: 17282: 17275: 17270: 17268: 17263: 17261: 17256: 17255: 17252: 17246: 17239: 17227: 17222: 17217: 17215: 17205: 17204: 17201: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17184: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17122: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17107: 17105: 17101: 17093: 17090: 17089: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17067:Mother Teresa 17065: 17063: 17060: 17057: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17032: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17020: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16993:Pope Pius XII 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16975: 16973: 16971: 16967: 16961: 16960: 16959:Rerum novarum 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16943:Pope Leo XIII 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16913:United States 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16903:Pope Pius VII 16901: 16900: 16898: 16894: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16848: 16845: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16742: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16718: 16713: 16707: 16704: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16675: 16672: 16671: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16656: 16654: 16652: 16648: 16642: 16639: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16586:Scholasticism 16584: 16582: 16579: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16567: 16564: 16562: 16561:Pope Urban II 16559: 16558: 16556: 16554: 16550: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16484: 16481: 16480: 16478: 16476: 16472: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16401: 16398: 16397: 16396: 16393: 16392: 16390: 16386: 16378: 16374: 16371: 16367: 16363: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16337:Justin Martyr 16335: 16331: 16328: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16310: 16309: 16306: 16305: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16295: 16293: 16290: 16286: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16249: 16248: 16247:New Testament 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16233: 16230: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16210:Commissioning 16208: 16207: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16165: 16164: 16161: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16154:Apostolic Age 16150: 16146: 16143: 16139: 16135: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16098: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16061: 16060: 16057: 16053: 16050: 16049: 16048: 16045: 16041: 16040:Papal primacy 16038: 16037: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16019: 16016: 16015: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16006: 16002: 15998: 15994: 15987: 15982: 15980: 15975: 15973: 15968: 15967: 15964: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15940: 15930: 15929: 15926: 15918: 15915: 15914: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15876: 15873: 15872: 15871: 15868: 15864: 15861: 15860: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15841: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15832: 15831: 15829: 15825: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15796:Congregations 15794: 15792: 15789: 15785: 15782: 15781: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15770: 15767: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15754: 15753: 15750: 15749: 15747: 15743: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15705: 15702: 15701: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15677: 15675: 15673: 15669: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15649: 15647: 15643: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15626: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15590: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15554: 15552: 15550: 15546: 15540: 15537: 15533: 15530: 15529: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15501: 15498: 15497: 15496: 15493: 15489: 15488: 15484: 15481: 15477: 15476: 15475: 15472: 15468: 15465: 15464: 15463: 15460: 15459: 15457: 15453: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15422: 15421: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15409:Infallibility 15407: 15406: 15404: 15402:Proclamations 15400: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15363:Coats of arms 15361: 15360: 15358: 15356: 15352: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15287: 15283: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15258: 15256: 15254: 15250: 15243: 15239: 15236: 15233: 15230: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15217: 15216: 15213: 15210: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15200: 15186: 15183: 15179: 15174: 15171: 15170: 15169: 15165: 15161: 15158: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15148: 15143: 15139: 15129: 15126: 15125: 15124: 15121: 15120: 15119: 15115: 15111: 15110: 15107: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15092: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15079: 15075: 15071: 15067: 15062: 15058: 15051: 15046: 15044: 15039: 15037: 15032: 15031: 15028: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15004: 14994: 14993: 14990: 14984: 14981: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14968: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14961:Peter's Pence 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14946: 14942: 14941: 14939: 14935: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14907: 14905: 14899: 14893: 14889: 14888:Vatican Radio 14886: 14884: 14880: 14875: 14873: 14869: 14866: 14863: 14862: 14861: 14858: 14857: 14855: 14849: 14837: 14834: 14833: 14831: 14829: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14796: 14794: 14793:Holy Apostles 14790: 14789: 14787: 14781: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14755: 14751: 14748: 14747: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14659: 14658: 14655: 14654: 14651: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14622: 14620: 14618: 14614: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14593: 14590: 14587: 14578: 14574: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14519:Anagni-Alatri 14517: 14515: 14512: 14511: 14509: 14507: 14503: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14488: 14486: 14484: 14480: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14440: 14438: 14436: 14432: 14429: 14425: 14420: 14416: 14410: 14404: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14384: 14382: 14380: 14376: 14373: 14369: 14368:Papal primacy 14364: 14360: 14354: 14348: 14336: 14333: 14332: 14331: 14328: 14324: 14321: 14320: 14319: 14316: 14312: 14309: 14308: 14307: 14304: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14293: 14290: 14289: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14276: 14273: 14272: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14247: 14243: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14229:Congregations 14227: 14225: 14222: 14218: 14215: 14214: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14204: 14203: 14200: 14199: 14197: 14195: 14191: 14183: 14180: 14179: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14161: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14144: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14119: 14115: 14112: 14108: 14103: 14100:international 14094: 14088: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14070: 14067: 14066: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14054: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14036: 14033: 14032: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14010:Duchy of Rome 14008: 14004: 14001: 14000: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13973:Apostolic see 13971: 13970: 13968: 13966: 13962: 13956: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13934: 13930: 13927: 13923: 13922:episcopal see 13920: 13917: 13916: 13913: 13909: 13902: 13897: 13895: 13890: 13888: 13883: 13882: 13879: 13867: 13859: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13846: 13843: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13821: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13797:Home Missions 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13779: 13777: 13775: 13771: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13696: 13693: 13692: 13691: 13690:Saint Francis 13688: 13684: 13681: 13680: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13673:Saint Dominic 13671: 13670: 13669: 13666: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13642: 13639: 13638: 13636: 13634: 13628: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13486:Bethlehemites 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13458: 13456: 13454: 13450: 13445: 13441: 13435: 13434: 13430: 13428: 13427: 13423: 13421: 13420: 13416: 13413: 13409: 13408:Vatican Radio 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13395: 13394: 13393:Vatican Media 13391: 13389: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13381: 13377: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13304: 13301: 13300: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13291: 13287: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13254: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13230: 13224: 13221: 13220: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13181: 13177: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13040: 13038: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13006: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12993: 12990: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12972: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12932: 12929: 12926: 12925: 12923: 12921: 12917: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12845: 12844: 12841: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12828: 12827: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12765: 12763: 12761: 12757: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12739: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12731: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12717: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12690:List of popes 12686: 12682: 12679: 12676: 12672: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12653: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12582: 12578: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12560: 12557: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12509: 12507: 12503: 12493: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12474:Mother of God 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12442: 12438: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12420: 12417: 12416: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12387: 12383: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12371: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12359:People of God 12357: 12355: 12354: 12350: 12348: 12347:Infallibility 12345: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12315: 12311: 12310: 12308: 12306: 12302: 12296: 12293: 12289: 12288: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12223:Body and soul 12221: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12207: 12204: 12203: 12201: 12197: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12185: 12181: 12176: 12172: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12126:Enlightenment 12124: 12122: 12119: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12099: 12098: 12097:Protestantism 12095: 12094: 12092: 12090: 12086: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12074:Scholasticism 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12059:Schism (1378) 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12044:Schism (1054) 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12022: 12018: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11986: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11963: 11955: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11947: 11943: 11940: 11939: 11938: 11935: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11922: 11921: 11918: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11895: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11886: 11882: 11879: 11876: 11872: 11868: 11863: 11859: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11834: 11831: 11827: 11820: 11815: 11813: 11808: 11806: 11801: 11800: 11797: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11773: 11763: 11762: 11759: 11756: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11696: 11689: 11688: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11676:Room of Tears 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11656: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11641: 11640: 11638: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11616: 11606: 11605: 11601: 11599: 11598: 11597:Cumaean Sibyl 11594: 11592: 11591: 11590:Delphic Sibyl 11587: 11585: 11584: 11580: 11578: 11577: 11576:Persian Sibyl 11573: 11572: 11570: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11555: 11553: 11552: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11540: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11528: 11524: 11522: 11521: 11517: 11516: 11514: 11510: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11466: 11462: 11460: 11459: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11446: 11443: 11440: 11435: 11431: 11425: 11424: 11420: 11418: 11417: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11406: 11404: 11403: 11399: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11390: 11389: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11360: 11359: 11355: 11353: 11352: 11348: 11346: 11345: 11341: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11332: 11331: 11327: 11325: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11315: 11310: 11306: 11298: 11293: 11291: 11286: 11284: 11279: 11278: 11275: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11251: 11241: 11240: 11237: 11231: 11228: 11225: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11199: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11169: 11163: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11151: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11126: 11122: 11120: 11119: 11115: 11114: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11095:Vatican Radio 11093: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11085:Vatican Media 11083: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11062: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11044: 11041: 11040: 11039: 11036: 11032: 11029: 11028: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11005: 11002: 11001: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10979: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10962: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10930: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10910: 10907: 10906: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10896: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10869: 10859: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10836: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10822:Congregations 10820: 10818: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10807: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10784: 10778: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10757: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10734:Vicar General 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10710: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10590: 10587: 10586: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10574:Casina Pio IV 10572: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10541:Pio Cristiano 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10495: 10487: 10486:Room of Tears 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10473: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10451:Raphael Rooms 10449: 10447: 10444: 10440: 10439: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10414: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10370: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10363: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10318: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10306:Borgo Vecchio 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10259: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10241: 10235: 10232: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10223: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10209: 10208: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10175: 10170: 10168: 10163: 10161: 10156: 10155: 10152: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10129: 10128: 10124: 10122: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10100: 10097: 10094: 10090: 10089: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10073: 10070: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10060:OpenStreetMap 10057: 10048: 10046: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10021: 10016: 10015: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9989:covert action 9986: 9985: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9957: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9938: 9934: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9911: 9907: 9901: 9897: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9878: 9877: 9871: 9867: 9861: 9857: 9856: 9850: 9846: 9840: 9836: 9831: 9827: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9808: 9787: 9783: 9776: 9769: 9766: 9762: 9759: 9753: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9722: 9720: 9703: 9699: 9693: 9677: 9673: 9667: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9634: 9630: 9627: 9622: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9576: 9572: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9545: 9541: 9535: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9445: 9430: 9426: 9419: 9403: 9399: 9393: 9377: 9371: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9342: 9326: 9325:"Disciplines" 9320: 9304: 9303:"Disciplines" 9298: 9282: 9276: 9260: 9256: 9250: 9248: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9217: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9158: 9150: 9134: 9130: 9124: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9100: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9070: 9068: 9058: 9054: 9051: 9046: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9016: 9009: 9003: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8961: 8957: 8950: 8942: 8938: 8932: 8930: 8910: 8903: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8876: 8872: 8866: 8850: 8846: 8840: 8833: 8829: 8826: 8820: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8802: 8797: 8781: 8777: 8776:Catholic News 8773: 8767: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8737: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8707: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8677: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8647: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8585: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8555: 8536: 8529: 8523: 8504: 8500: 8493: 8487: 8468: 8461: 8455: 8439: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8423: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8393: 8386: 8382: 8379: 8373: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8354: 8352: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8329: 8322: 8321: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8303: 8296: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8284: 8279: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8236: 8232: 8226: 8224: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8206: 8200: 8193: 8189: 8186: 8181: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8139: 8135: 8129: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8061: 8055: 8039: 8035: 8029: 8013: 8009: 8003: 7999: 7998: 7990: 7974: 7970: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7917: 7913: 7907: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7839: 7835: 7829: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7721: 7714: 7710: 7709: 7702: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7681: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7635: 7631: 7629:9789004206236 7625: 7620: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7600: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7576: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7548: 7531: 7525: 7509: 7503: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7472: 7456: 7452: 7450: 7442: 7440: 7423: 7419: 7417: 7409: 7393: 7389: 7383: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7365: 7359: 7352: 7348: 7343: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7298: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7275: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7155: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7099: 7090: 7088: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7047: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6955: 6947: 6941: 6937: 6932: 6931: 6922: 6920: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6891: 6884:, p. 304 6883: 6882:Chadwick 1988 6878: 6869: 6860: 6851: 6842: 6840: 6823: 6820:. Ushmm.org. 6819: 6813: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6750: 6742: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6694: 6690: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6638: 6637:Malcolm Letts 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6619:, Chapter 3, 6618: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6604: 6588: 6584: 6578: 6571: 6567: 6562: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6529: 6523: 6516: 6510: 6503: 6502:The Histories 6497: 6478: 6471: 6465: 6458: 6453: 6446: 6445:Liverani 2016 6441: 6439: 6437: 6420: 6416: 6409: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6375: 6373:0-8018-4300-6 6369: 6365: 6358: 6339: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6237: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6086: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6014: 6010: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5973: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5951: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5848: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5818: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5713: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5683: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5648: 5632: 5625: 5624:metonymically 5622:. It is also 5621: 5615: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5569: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5549:(in Austria: 5547: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5467: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5438: 5432: 5425: 5420: 5411: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5386: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5331: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5278:Cities portal 5268: 5265: 5254: 5251: 5240: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5189:– altogether 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5164:postal system 5156: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5091:Vatican Radio 5088: 5086: 5085:amateur radio 5082: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5058: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5012: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4953: 4951: 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4362: 4356: 4349: 4347: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4297: 4296:jus sanguinis 4292: 4282: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4262: 4257: 4234: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4018:Vatican City 4014: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3962: 3961: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3858:Vatican City 3854: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3832: 3831: 3824: 3822: 3816: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3606:Image of the 3604: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3515: 3513: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3453:pickpocketing 3446: 3441: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3225:neutral state 3222: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3138: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3029:, led by the 3028: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2942:head of state 2940: 2939: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2891:Head of state 2888: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2709: 2692: 2686: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2581:San Francisco 2572: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519:Mean monthly 2517: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 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1752: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1688: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1626:Pope Pius XII 1623: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1502:King of Italy 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472:newly created 1469: 1465: 1456: 1451: 1445: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1413:Pope Pius XII 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1374:Pope Sixtus V 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1289: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198:Aventine Hill 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1142:Early history 1138: 1134: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1112: 1106: 1101: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1007:Central Italy 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 983:episcopal see 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936:by population 933: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 851: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 820: 813: 783: 774: 770: 766: 763: 760: 756: 752: 750: 746: 739: 734: 731: 725: 712: 706: 701: 698: 695: 693: 689: 686: 683: 681: 680:ISO 3166 code 677: 674: 671: 669: 665: 661: 659: 655: 651: 645: 641: 637: 631: 627: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 598: 594: 590: 584: 580: 574: 570: 566: 560: 556: 552: 548: 542: 538: 534: 528: 525: 521: 517: 513: 507: 504: 500: 496: 492: 489: 483: 479: 476: 470: 466: 462: 458: 451: 448: 445: 441: 437: 434: 431: 428: 422: 419: 416: 413: 407: 404: 401: 398: 392: 389: 386: 383: 377: 373: 370: 367: 363: 359: 357: 353: 347: 345: 341: 337: 332: 329: 325: 321: 317: 314: 312: 308: 305: 302: 298: 293: 263: 259: 255: 251: 246: 242: 236: 227: 220: 213: 206: 202: 201: 198: 197:National Seal 194: 167: 160: 159: 153: 149: 143: 137: 129: 123: 115: 106: 99: 95: 91: 84: 80: 79: 72: 69: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 20444:Vatican City 20401: 20342: 20341: 20332: 20331: 20322: 20321: 20312: 20311: 20302: 20301: 20292: 20291: 20282: 20281: 20272: 20271: 20251: 20250: 20241: 20240: 20231: 20230: 20221: 20220: 20211: 20210: 20201: 20200: 20191: 20190: 20181: 20180: 20171: 20170: 20161: 20160: 20151: 20150: 20141: 20140: 20131: 20130: 20121: 20120: 20111: 20110: 20101: 20100: 20093: 20092: 20083: 20082: 20056: 20055: 20038: 20037: 20002: 20001: 19992: 19991: 19982: 19981: 19972: 19971: 19962: 19961: 19917: 19916: 19907: 19906: 19897: 19896: 19887: 19886: 19877: 19876: 19867: 19866: 19857: 19856: 19847: 19846: 19839:Schaffhausen 19837: 19836: 19827: 19826: 19817: 19816: 19807: 19806: 19797: 19796: 19787: 19786: 19777: 19776: 19767: 19766: 19757: 19756: 19747: 19746: 19737: 19736: 19727: 19726: 19717: 19716: 19707: 19706: 19697: 19696: 19687: 19686: 19677: 19676: 19646: 19645: 19636: 19635: 19626: 19625: 19603: 19602: 19593: 19592: 19583: 19582: 19573: 19572: 19563: 19562: 19553: 19552: 19543: 19542: 19533: 19532: 19523: 19522: 19513: 19512: 19503: 19502: 19493: 19492: 19483: 19482: 19473: 19472: 19463: 19462: 19453: 19452: 19443: 19442: 19433: 19432: 19423: 19422: 19413: 19412: 19403: 19402: 19393: 19392: 19383: 19382: 19373: 19372: 19359: 19358: 19349: 19348: 19339: 19338: 19329: 19328: 19319: 19318: 19309: 19308: 19299: 19298: 19289: 19288: 19279: 19278: 19269: 19268: 19246: 19245: 19236: 19235: 19226: 19225: 19203: 19202: 19180: 19179: 19170: 19169: 19160: 19159: 19150: 19149: 19136: 19135: 19126: 19125: 19118:Petrozavodsk 19116: 19115: 19106: 19105: 19096: 19095: 19086: 19085: 19076: 19075: 19066: 19065: 19056: 19055: 19046: 19045: 19036: 19035: 19026: 19025: 19016: 19015: 18990:, Hesse 18984: 18983: 18974: 18973: 18964: 18963: 18954: 18953: 18944: 18943: 18934: 18933: 18924: 18923: 18914: 18913: 18904: 18903: 18894: 18893: 18884: 18883: 18874: 18873: 18864: 18863: 18854: 18853: 18844: 18843: 18834: 18833: 18811: 18810: 18801: 18800: 18791: 18790: 18764: 18763: 18754: 18753: 18731: 18730: 18721: 18720: 18689: 18688: 18681:Sankt Pölten 18679: 18678: 18669: 18668: 18659: 18658: 18649: 18648: 18645:, Tyrol 18639: 18638: 18629: 18628: 18619: 18618: 18609: 18608: 18575: 18574: 18567:Longyearbyen 18565: 18564: 18540: 18539: 18530: 18529: 18520: 18519: 18510: 18509: 18500: 18499: 18472: 18471: 18468:, Wales 18462: 18461: 18452: 18451: 18442: 18441: 18417:Dependencies 18403: 18402: 18393: 18392: 18383: 18382: 18373: 18372: 18363: 18362: 18341: 18333: 18325: 18317: 18309: 18304:Vatican City 18303: 18302: 18299:, Malta 18294: 18286: 18278: 18270: 18262: 18254: 18246: 18238: 18230: 18222: 18219:, Italy 18214: 18206: 18198: 18190: 18182: 18174: 18166: 18158: 18150: 18143: 18135: 18132:, Spain 18127: 18119: 18111: 18103: 18095: 18087: 18079: 18071: 18063: 18055: 18047: 18039: 18031: 18023: 18015: 18007: 17999: 17991: 17983: 17975: 17967: 17959: 17951: 17936: 17927:Capitals of 17876: 17864: 17597:Transnistria 17546:Vatican City 17545: 17181: 17177:Pope Francis 17103:21st century 17052:Pope Paul VI 17029: 17017: 16970:20th century 16957: 16908:Pope Pius IX 16896:19th century 16872:Pope Pius VI 16739: 16611:Latin Empire 16581:Universities 16533:Pope Leo III 16400:Christianity 16385:state church 16377:Great Church 16178:Resurrection 16141:(30–325/476) 16138:Early Church 16123:Latin Church 16118:Papal States 16113:Vatican City 16112: 15662:Shepherd One 15522:Inauguration 15487:Urbi et Orbi 15485: 15300:His Holiness 15209:Vatican City 15208: 15202:Headquarters 15142:Vatican City 15141: 15104: 15082:Jurisdiction 14943: 14765:Beda College 14667:Scala Sancta 14491:Montecassino 14424:Vatican City 14107:Legal status 14076:World War II 14064:Vatican City 14063: 14059:Savoyard era 14030:Papal States 13946:Vatican City 13945: 13836:Universities 13668:Third orders 13631:Associations 13621:Visitandines 13616:Trinitarians 13566:Mercedarians 13551:Hieronymites 13496:Camaldoleses 13481:Benedictines 13471:Augustinians 13431: 13424: 13417: 13398:Vatican News 13352:Distinctions 13158:Syro-Malabar 13043:Latin Church 12965:Grand master 12863:Metropolitan 12760:Vatican City 12759: 12655:Organisation 12534:Philosophers 12399:Confirmation 12376:In canon law 12370:Subsistit in 12368: 12364:Three states 12351: 12312: 12305:Ecclesiology 12287:Nova Vulgata 12285: 12243:Original sin 12238:Nicene Creed 12228:Divine grace 12187: 12069:Universities 12039:Papal States 11966:Great Church 11908:Resurrection 11885:Early Church 11747:Michelangelo 11701: 11685: 11681:Vatican City 11680: 11642: 11624: 11604:Libyan Sibyl 11602: 11595: 11588: 11581: 11574: 11556: 11549: 11544: 11537: 11532: 11525: 11518: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11475: 11470: 11463: 11456: 11421: 11414: 11407: 11400: 11393: 11386: 11356: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11328: 11321: 11213:Cricket team 11183:Coat of arms 11132: 11123: 11116: 11090:Vatican News 11016:Demographics 10994:Architecture 10982:AT telescope 10699:Vatican Hill 10637: 10546:Ethnographic 10436: 10360: 10281:Leonine City 10181:Vatican City 10180: 10126: 10108:Vatican City 10102: 10086: 10056:Vatican City 10025:(in Italian) 9982: 9978: 9975:Cécile Fabre 9970: 9945: 9941: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9895: 9875: 9854: 9834: 9815: 9805:Bibliography 9790:. Retrieved 9775: 9752: 9740:. Retrieved 9731: 9706:. Retrieved 9702:the original 9692: 9680:. Retrieved 9666: 9654:. Retrieved 9640: 9621: 9609:. Retrieved 9600: 9591: 9579:. Retrieved 9548:. Retrieved 9534: 9524:10 September 9522:. Retrieved 9518:the original 9513: 9504: 9492:. Retrieved 9483: 9474: 9462:. Retrieved 9453: 9444: 9432:. Retrieved 9429:the Guardian 9428: 9418: 9406:. Retrieved 9401: 9392: 9380:. Retrieved 9370: 9358:. Retrieved 9350: 9341: 9329:. Retrieved 9319: 9307:. Retrieved 9297: 9285:. Retrieved 9275: 9263:. Retrieved 9234:. Retrieved 9226:Open Culture 9225: 9216: 9204:. Retrieved 9199: 9190: 9178:. Retrieved 9161: 9149: 9137:. Retrieved 9123: 9115: 9099: 9087:. Retrieved 9078: 9060:(in Italian) 9045: 9033:. Retrieved 9025:The Holy See 9024: 9015: 9002: 8990:. Retrieved 8976: 8964:. Retrieved 8949: 8941:the original 8937:"Population" 8916:. Retrieved 8879:. Retrieved 8865: 8853:. Retrieved 8849:the original 8839: 8819: 8811: 8796: 8786:25 September 8784:. Retrieved 8775: 8766: 8754:. Retrieved 8745: 8736: 8724:. Retrieved 8706: 8694:. Retrieved 8685: 8676: 8664:. Retrieved 8655: 8646: 8634:. Retrieved 8625: 8615: 8603:. Retrieved 8595:European CEO 8594: 8584: 8572:. Retrieved 8563: 8554: 8542:. Retrieved 8522: 8510:. Retrieved 8498: 8486: 8474:. Retrieved 8454: 8442:. Retrieved 8431: 8422: 8410:. Retrieved 8406:the original 8392: 8387:. vatican.va 8372: 8328: 8318: 8302: 8292: 8278: 8270:the original 8261: 8251: 8239:. Retrieved 8215: 8199: 8180: 8168:. Retrieved 8154: 8142:. Retrieved 8138:the original 8128: 8116:. Retrieved 8112:the original 8102: 8090:. Retrieved 8086:the original 8076: 8064:. Retrieved 8054: 8042:. Retrieved 8037: 8028: 8016:. Retrieved 7996: 7989: 7977:. Retrieved 7972: 7946:. Retrieved 7941: 7932: 7920:. Retrieved 7915: 7906: 7894:. Retrieved 7889: 7880: 7868:. Retrieved 7863: 7854: 7842:. Retrieved 7837: 7828: 7816:. Retrieved 7811: 7802: 7790:. Retrieved 7785: 7776: 7764:. Retrieved 7750: 7738:. Retrieved 7729: 7720: 7706: 7701: 7685: 7680: 7668:. Retrieved 7660:The Holy See 7659: 7650: 7638:. Retrieved 7609: 7599: 7591: 7575: 7563:. Retrieved 7534:. Retrieved 7524: 7512:. Retrieved 7502: 7490:. Retrieved 7481: 7471: 7459:. Retrieved 7455:the original 7448: 7426:. Retrieved 7422:the original 7415: 7408: 7396:. Retrieved 7382: 7374: 7358: 7350: 7342: 7327: 7319: 7312: 7297: 7282: 7274: 7259: 7251: 7241:12 September 7239:. Retrieved 7225: 7213:. Retrieved 7199: 7187:. Retrieved 7173: 7154: 7142:. Retrieved 7128: 7116:. Retrieved 7108:The Holy See 7107: 7098: 7074:. Retrieved 7046: 7035:, retrieved 7026: 7017: 7005:. Retrieved 6968: 6964: 6954: 6929: 6906:. Retrieved 6902:the original 6877: 6868: 6859: 6850: 6826:. Retrieved 6812: 6800:. Retrieved 6791: 6767:. Retrieved 6759:The Holy See 6758: 6749: 6729: 6722: 6714:the original 6709: 6700: 6676: 6670: 6658:. Retrieved 6644: 6633:Eileen Power 6607: 6603: 6591:. Retrieved 6577: 6561: 6549:. Retrieved 6535: 6522: 6509: 6501: 6496: 6484:. Retrieved 6464: 6459:, p. 11 6457:Petacco 2016 6452: 6447:, p. 21 6423:. Retrieved 6408: 6396:. Retrieved 6390:(in Latin). 6382: 6363: 6357: 6345:. Retrieved 6338:the original 6310:. Retrieved 6292: 6280:. Retrieved 6266: 6254:. Retrieved 6245: 6236: 6224:. Retrieved 6220:the original 6195:. Retrieved 6186: 6177: 6165:. Retrieved 6156: 6147: 6135:. Retrieved 6116: 6104:. Retrieved 6085: 6073:. Retrieved 6064: 6055: 6043:. Retrieved 6029: 6017:. Retrieved 6009:"Population" 5988:(in Italian) 5972: 5966:(in Italian) 5950: 5938:. Retrieved 5931:the original 5910: 5898:. Retrieved 5894:the original 5887: 5878: 5863: 5862:, p. 226 in 5847: 5823: 5817: 5805:. Retrieved 5796: 5772:. Retrieved 5768:the original 5758: 5746:. Retrieved 5742:the original 5732: 5718: 5712: 5700:. Retrieved 5691: 5682: 5670:. 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