1508:
771:
915:
158:
1350:
1046:
1120:
1645:
1438:
624:
412:
146:
1830:
1516:
665:
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1281:
277:
1705:
923:
701:
1100:
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24:
443:
213:. There are some indications that a catastrophic fire occurred around the beginning of the 5th century. However, the remains of the encampment were not deserted, and a small settlement remained. The streets and houses of early medieval Vienna followed the former Roman walls, which gives rise to the conclusion that parts of the fortification were still in place and used by the settlers.
1092:
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77:
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bridge), the only Danube bridge at that time, and convinced the
Austrian commander that the war was already over. In the meantime, the French army easily entered the city and was greeted by the population with interest rather than rejection. Napoleon allowed 10,000 men of the Vienna national guard to
1547:. Hitler's anti-Jewish policies fell on fertile soil in Vienna, where latent anti-Semitism had increased during the early 20th century. Immediately after the Anschluss the Jews of Vienna were subject to violence from the State as well as from Antisemites acting out of their own sadism. During the
1563:. On the whole, and despite some instances of anti-Semitism, the city of Vienna was less supportive of the Nazi regime than was the rest of Austria. This however did not reach any extent of an organised resistance. Hitler himself hated Vienna and was determined to build up
1844:
Espionage in
Austria is legal if the country itself is not the target. The city has about 17,000 diplomats, many assigned to international organizations. Because of their presence and Austria's neutrality, Vienna became an important center for espionage, as depicted in
1719:". The Austrian Parliament immediately amended the treaty to establish Austria's future neutrality and non-alignment (similar to that of Switzerland). This peace treaty was called a state treaty because Austria had temporarily ceased to exist in 1938.
1683:
6. In 1946, it was decided that the expansion of city territory of 1938 should be reversed, but this law was delayed by a veto of the occupying powers and was not put into practice until 1954. Two districts remained with Vienna, namely the 22nd one
396:). This meant that all traders passing through Vienna had to offer their goods in the city. This allowed the Viennese to act as middlemen in trade, so that Vienna soon created a network of far-reaching trade relations, particularly along the
350:
near Vienna, brought an enormous ransom of 50,000 Silver Marks (about 10 to 12 tons of silver, about a third of the emperor's claims against the
English. Richard had been extradited to him in March 1193). This allowed the creation of a
743:
was created around Vienna, a broad strip without any buildings, which allowed defenders to fire freely. These fortifications, which accounted for the major part of building activities well into the 17th century, became decisive in the
1196:
During that period, the population of Vienna increased sharply, mostly because of immigration. Censuses were conducted regularly from 1869 onwards, which showed an all-time high of population in 1910, with 2,031,000 inhabitants.
1613:
were constructed in Vienna as defensive structures against these bombers. These structures remain in place today, as they are so thick and their foundations so deep that to destroy them would damage surrounding buildings.
511:
The combination of the heraldic eagle with the city coat of arms showing a white cross in a red field is found on a seal dated 1327. This heraldic emblem was in use throughout the 14th century in different variants.
1268:, bringing fresh water from the mountains to Vienna and the creation of a belt of meadows and forests around the city). However, these positive aspects were coupled with his raving and rhetorically well presented
1303:. The skyrocketing costs of the war, mostly financed by borrowing, resulted in tremendous inflation that—as in Germany—wiped out the savings of many middle-class Viennese. One interesting quirk is that the 1916
1789:
1652:
Only a few days after the war, a provisional city government and administration was created. Also, the political parties were recreated. On April 29, 1945, the parliament building passed from the
1863:; Chinese, Iranian, Israeli, Saudi, American, British, and other European spies and counterspies are also in the country. Because of the tolerance of espionage the country is excluded from the
462:
rule. In Vienna, it took a relatively long time for the
Habsburgs to establish their control, because partisans of Ottokar remained strong for a long time. There were several uprisings against
1609:
Although originally out of range of Allied bombers operating from
England, by 1943 the city began being attacked by bombers based in Italy. As in other major cities of Nazi Germany, large
620:
led to the execution of leading members of the opposition within the city, and thus a destruction of the political structures. From then on, the city stood under direct imperial control.
533:
There was a period of inheritance disputes among the
Habsburgs resulting not only in confusion, but also in an economic decline and social unrest, with disputes between the parties of
1485:
in 1933, he extended the ban to the Social
Democratic Party in 1934 after the February Uprising. The only legal political organization was the new movement of his own creation, the
1187:
were removed, and a straight course was created away from the city centre. The branch near the central city was made narrower and has been known under the somewhat misleading name
1770:
996:
took place from
September 18, 1814 to June 9, 1815, in which the political map of Europe was redrawn. The congress members indulged in many social events, which induced the witty
1820:
1403:
However, the increasing economic difficulties resulted in a political radicalization and polarisation of the political parties. On the social democratic side, the left-wing
229:, indicating considerable trade activity. Graves from the 6th century were found during excavations next to the Berghof, in an area around Salvatorgasse. At that time, the
1373:
because of this; articles in the international press had doubts about the viability of Vienna as a major
European metropolis after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.
1625:
troops in April 1945 caused much destruction within the city. However, some historic buildings survived the bombardment; many more were reconstructed after the war.
1829:
34:
1805:
296:
1004:("The congress dances, but does not progress"). The events cost Austria a great deal of money, which was reflected in mockery about the major participants:
724:
2408:
Pirker, Peter, Johannes Kramer, and
Mathias Lichtenwagner. "Transnational memory spaces in the making: World War II and holocaust remembrance in Vienna."
1507:
1410:(Republican Protective Alliance) was formed in 1923/24, which was a well-organised and well-equipped paramilitary group. It was opposed by the right-wing
2865:
347:
859:, the population began to grow steadily. It is estimated that 150,000 people lived in Vienna in 1724, and 200,000 in 1790. At that time, the first
550:
2356:
Wasserman, Janek. "The Austro-Marxist struggle for 'intellectual workers': the lost debate on the question of intellectuals in interwar Vienna."
45:
1095:
Under the rule of Emperor Franz Joseph I the city experienced rapid growth and an unprecedented flowering of culture, the arts and architecture
1291:(1914–1918) did not result in an immediate threat to Vienna, but it led to a lack of supplies because of the economic embargo imposed by the
1065:
1766:
781:
The following period was characterised by extensive building activities. In the course of reconstruction, Vienna was largely turned into a
1859:, as of July 2023 there are more than 180 accredited Russian diplomats in Vienna, and reportedly more than one third are spies using
977:
arrived in Vienna from Frankfurt and sets up a bank named "Mayer von Rothschild und Söhne". The Emperor of Austria in 1823, made the five
674:
Panoramic view of Vienna after the city walls were reconstructed in 1548. In the middle is St Stephen's Cathedral, behind the medieval
1570:
In the course of the expansion of the city in 1938, 91 adjoining municipalities were incorporated into the city, from which the 22nd (
1511:
After the annexation by Germany, many Viennese Jews were forced to clean the sidewalks by the Nazis, with the support of many Viennese
2111:
756:. This was the turning point in the Turkish Wars, as the Ottoman Empire was pushed back more and more during the following decades.
2474:
488:
became the imperial residence and Vienna stood in its shadow. The early Habsburgs attempted to extend it in order to keep up. Duke
1341:
leaflets, written in Italian and German, asking the people of Vienna the end of the alliance between Austria-Hungary and Prussia.
875:
problems began to become noticeable: sewers and street cleaning began to develop. Also in this time, the first house numbers (the
3115:
2731:
748:
of 1683, as they allowed the city to maintain itself for two months, until the Turkish army was defeated by the army led by the
591:), as Frederick proved unable to maintain peace in the land vis-Ă -vis rampaging gangs of mercenaries (often remaining from the
2253:
530:
in the Stephansdom. The latter is connected to the creation of a metropolitan chapter, as a symbolic substitute for a bishop.
2022:
1660:
announced the reinstitution of the democratic Republic of Austria. Vienna was divided into five occupation zones between the
723:
and an early winter forced the Turks to retreat. The siege had shown that new fortifications were needed. Following plans by
2187:
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
2819:
2706:
1556:
1422:
1311:
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1307:
was never officially repealed; even today there are buildings where the 1916 rent—by now essentially meaningless—applies.
1103:
Old, small houses (in the foreground) that were destroyed and replaced during the big expansion under Emperor Franz Joseph
953:
However, the second occupation happened only after heavy fire. Shortly after, Napoleon suffered his first large defeat at
2686:
1603:
1555:, the Jewish centres of not only religious, but also social life, were destroyed. In August, the KZ Oberlanzendorf Wien (
2342:
Uhl, Heidemarie. "Museums as Engines of Identity: 'Vienna around 1900' and Exhibitionary Cultures in Vienna—A Comment."
1942:
1905:
Karl Lind, Mittheilungen der kaiserl. königl. Central-Commission zur Erforschung und Erhaltung der Baudenkmale 11, 1866.
2726:
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1590:) districts were created. With an area of 1,224 km, this made Vienna the city with the largest territory in the
1061:
580:
501:
304:
63:
369:, some remains of the city walls can still be seen today. Because he had abused a protected crusader, Leopold V was
1856:
1671:
The first municipal elections were held in November 1945. Of the 100 seats in the municipal council, the left-wing
1014:
546:
339:
1836:
1738:
997:
671:
610:
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Music, criticism, and the challenge of history: Shaping modern musical thought in late nineteenth century Vienna
1765:
on the left and right sides of the Danube. Furthermore, a complex of skyscrapers was planned at the site of the
896:
was created (More information about the Magistrate of the City of Vienna specifically can be found in German at
890:, the city administration was modernized in 1783: officials in charge of only the city were introduced, and the
654:
were brought to town and soon gained a large influence in court. The leader of the Counter-Reformation here was
2965:
2681:
1038:
1026:
1819:
not gaining enough votes, only four parties have been represented in the municipal council since then. In the
934:, Vienna was taken by the French twice, in 1805 and 1809. The first conquest happened without a battle. Three
2875:
2696:
1069:
887:
557:
1032:
719:), although unsuccessfully. The city, protected by medieval walls, only barely withstood the attacks, until
2855:
2772:
2594:
2467:
1414:("Home Guard"), which had been formed after the end of the war from local guards and similar combat units.
794:
542:
463:
1083:
population of these cities stands out for one of the first ones to develop a strictly Aromanian identity.
981:
brothers barons. The Rothschild family became famous as bankers in the major countries of Europe, and the
867:. Leopoldstadt also became a site where many Jews lived, as they had been driven out of their 50-year-old
2899:
2654:
1726:, there was an enormous economic boom, among other things because of the economic aid resulting from the
1708:
1482:
898:
1992:
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3044:
3039:
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2609:
1680:
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1450:
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was frequently considered. It was finally put into practice during the 1860s. The many branches of the
970:
606:
conquered the city and Vienna became the king's seat that served as the capital of Hungary until 1490.
422:
However, it was considered embarrassing that Vienna did not have its own bishop. It is known that Duke
1441:
The Justizpalast fire (here an image from 1881 prior to the fire) led to the end of the First Republic
2757:
2716:
2676:
1156:
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365:
2144:
969:. This second battle resulted in a victory for the French, and Austria soon surrendered, ending the
2701:
2624:
2039:
1762:
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deserves credit for his prudent economic policy, which raised the level of prosperity. His epithet
311:
for the first time, which indicates the existence of a well-ordered settlement. In 1155, Margrave
157:
2086:
38:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna: Origins of the Christian Social Movement, 1848-1897
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show where the encampment placed its walls and moats. The Romans stayed until the 5th century.
2012:
1392:, who had dominated since the end of the war, were now in charge of the city administration. "
2941:
2809:
2777:
2248:
Karnes, Kevin C. "Wagner, Klimt, and the Metaphysics of Creativity in fin-de-siècle Vienna."
1716:
1539:
was rapturously received in Vienna by large crowds of admirers and famously gave a speech at
1470:
1366:
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914:
603:
455:
431:
2401:
Jovanović, Miloš. "Whitewashed empire: Historical narrative and place marketing in Vienna."
1741:
treaty was signed in Vienna. During the 1970s, Vienna became the third official seat of the
1337:. He flew undisturbed for over 1,200 km in a roundtrip to Vienna to drop about 400,000
1075:
During the 19th century, Vienna, along with Budapest, became one of the main centers of the
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On May 15, 1955, the country regained its political independence and sovereignty with the "
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boulevard was built in their place. Many monumental buildings were built alongside it. The
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335:
41:
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A kingdom not of this world: Wagner, the arts, and utopian visions in fin-de-siècle Vienna
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houses UN agencies, making Vienna after New York and Geneva the third most important seat
1548:
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of the country, and finally the dissolution of parliament in 1933, marked the way to the
1119:
918:
The "Lion of Aspern" is a monument to the fallen Austrian soldiers of the Napoleonic Wars
565:
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remain armed and left the arsenal to them when he left, as complete as he had found it.
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1997:
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828:
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Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
2185:
Buklijas, Tatjana. "Surgery and national identity in late nineteenth-century Vienna."
1571:
1388:. However, it remained the nominal capital of Lower Austria until 1986. The left-wing
1349:
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2860:
2721:
2639:
2579:
2503:
2217:(2013) compares Vienna to 20 major world cities on the eve of World War I; pp 87–109.
2018:
1967:
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The Vienna School of Art History: Empire and the Politics of Scholarship, 1847-1918
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Eventually, in 1469, Vienna was given its own bishop, and the Stephansdom became a
300:
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The garden and the workshop: essays on the cultural history of Vienna and Budapest
1769:
railway station, which might have endangered the position of Vienna's centre as a
1617:
The U.S. bombings of 1944 and 1945 and the vicious fighting during the subsequent
209:
was located in the outskirts of the empire and thus fell prey to the chaos of the
3014:
2604:
2589:
2447:
1793:
1668:, France, and with the first district (city centre) being patrolled by all four.
1385:
1358:
1172:
In 1861, the Liberals won the first (relatively) free elections after the end of
1155:) characterises the architecture of Vienna to this day. The period peaked in the
931:
655:
616:
474:
411:
370:
253:
126:
122:
2363:
Wistrich, Robert S. "Karl Lueger and the Ambiguities of Viennese Antisemitism."
2109:
2011:
Ben-Gavriêl, Moshe Yaacov; Ben-Gavrîʾēl, Moše Yaʿaqov; Wallas, Armin A. (1999).
1801:
1758:
1437:
1353:
Karl-Marx-Hof is one of the best-known municipal tenement complexes of the 1920s
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2787:
2173:
Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897-1918
1742:
1723:
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1587:
1560:
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of the Holy Roman Empire. Albert's name is remembered for his expulsion of the
180:
1811:
In the municipal elections of 2001, the Social Democrats regained an absolute
1491:
1165:
446:
Duke Rudolf IV of Austria, known as "the Founder", did much to expand the city
175:, suggesting that the region must have been inhabited before Roman times. The
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1864:
1847:
1816:
1734:
1727:
1693:
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1377:
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1173:
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534:
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331:
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Duke Henry II of the Babenberg dynasty elevated Vienna to his capital in 1155
145:
1143:
80:
Old coat of arms of Vienna (1465–1925) with the imperial double-headed eagle
2557:
2520:
2087:""It's really the Wild West": Vienna's spying problem spins out of control"
1661:
1622:
1536:
1528:
1515:
1369:. The population was concentrated in the capital, which was often called a
1304:
1242:
1138:
864:
592:
295:
Vienna was an important site of trade as early as the 11th century. In the
265:
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199:
187:
176:
96:
92:
2316:
Vienna A Doctor’s Guide: 15 walking tours through Vienna’s medical history
1133:
799:
377:, and died (without having been absolved) after falling from a horse in a
225:
from the 6th century have been found several times in the area of today's
1754:
1737:
network, the first part of which was opened in 1978. In 1979, the second
1657:
1591:
1540:
1397:
1334:
1288:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1209:
1205:
1107:
860:
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389:
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130:
129:, it temporarily became one of Europe's biggest cities. Since the end of
1245:
was divided in 1900, with the northern part becoming the 20th district (
76:
2368:
2351:
A Sound Tradition: A Short History of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
2199:
Vienna in the age of uncertainty: science, liberalism, and private life
1733:
Public transport in Vienna was improved by the introduction of the new
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1338:
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made Vienna his capital. In 1156, Austria was raised to a duchy in the
195:
1855:
the city allegedly had more spies than Austrian soldiers. Despite the
1839:
Panoramic view of Vienna towards the east, seen from "Himmel" (Heaven)
1579:
1280:
1049:
Panorama from Leopoldsberge with topographic indications (around 1830)
2916:
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1704:
1575:
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thus became the 2nd to 9th districts, with the old city becoming the
1127:
The city was expanded in 1850, mostly to include the area within the
922:
903:
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576:
343:
289:
242:
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The Operetta Empire: Music Theater in Early Twentieth-Century Vienna
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2110:
Rabl, Sarah; Rollwagen, Joseph D.; Stadlober, Hannah (2010-09-01).
1852:
1812:
1746:
1567:, his childhood hometown, and relegate Vienna to backwater status.
1520:
1411:
1260:
was the leading figure of city politics. Neither his dedication to
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to be an important trading site in the 11th century. It became the
1804:. As Vienna was not a geographical part of Lower Austria it was a
1502:
1057:, with Vienna being the center of the railway network after 1837.
946:
807:
began to cover the surrounding land with garden palaces, known as
418:
with Vienna in the background (Babenberger family tree, 1489-1492)
276:
2525:
2483:
1750:
1689:
1583:
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1300:
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can be denied, nor other works for the municipality (such as the
1225:
938:
872:
782:
732:
651:
636:
632:
538:
427:
261:
134:
1091:
264:. However, it is unclear whether this refers to the city or the
2535:
2425:
1238:
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were incorporated into the town as the districts 11 to 19 (the
1184:
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868:
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740:
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401:
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219:
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118:
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1400:(low-cost residential estates) were built during that period.
1389:
1319:
1064:
of 1848 had an effect as far away as Vienna: on March 13, the
926:
The Congress of Vienna restored peace in Europe after Napoleon
2508:
2010:
1602:
During the war, the city housed 12 sub-camps of the infamous
1544:
1141:. In 1858, the fortifications were demolished, and the broad
1053:
The first half of the century was characterised by intensive
526:
in 1365, and second, he began the construction of the gothic
234:
222:
121:
cultural hubs. During the 19th century as the capital of the
1453:) in 1927 after violent demonstrations, the collapse of the
454:
took control over the Austrian lands after his victory over
442:
95:
created a military camp in the area now covered by Vienna's
2337:
Becoming Austrians: Jews and Culture between the World Wars
1699:
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1458:
1296:
957:, nearby. Less than two months later, his army crossed the
880:
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527:
385:
320:
35:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
2295:
The Jews of Nazi Vienna, 1938-1945: Rescue and Destruction
2004:
1943:"Aromanians in Greece: Minority or Vlach-speaking Greeks?"
1318:
in Russia in November 1917 inspired the youth wing of the
1823:, the Social Democrats further increased their majority.
1086:
2323:
The Jews of Vienna, 1867-1914: Assimilation and Identity
1322:
to organise meetings in November 1917 opposing the war.
404:, and to become one of the most important cities in the
2410:
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society
1531:
occupied and annexed Austria in a process known as the
1384:
of its own, with the mayor now equivalent in rank to a
1223:
In 1890, the city was expanded for a second time: the (
1523:
belonged to the aerial defense system during Nazi rule
1396:" was considered an international model. Many notable
1123:
Ball at Vienna city hall with mayor Karl Lueger (1904)
627:
Panorama of Vienna from the south, 1558 (reproduction)
583:, Vienna remained on the side of his opponents (first
477:
wrote the "FĂĽrstenbuch", a first history of the city.
2037:
989:
bank in Vienna was confiscated by the Nazis in 1938.
553:, an exponent of the patrician party, was executed.
504:
published his edict allowing the city to maintain an
1365:, or German-Austria, was proclaimed in front of the
248:
The first documented mention of the city during the
2054:
Hitler's Austria. Popular Sentiment in the Nazi Era
1495:and ruled without parliamentary approval (also see
1473:and foreign minister since 1932, had forbidden the
140:
1950:JahrbĂĽcher fĂĽr Geschichte und Kultur SĂĽdosteuropas
241:following later. Early Vienna was centred on the
2281:Vienna 1683: Christian Europe Repels the Ottomans
2215:1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War
2159:Vienna and the Jews 1867-1938: A Cultural History
1692:) in the south (some other districts gained some
1489:. DollfuĂź created an authoritarian regime called
639:having been added to the Habsburg realm in 1526.
99:. Vienna grew from the Roman settlement known as
3102:
2375:Theatre in Vienna: A Critical History, 1776-1995
2080:
2078:
1237:had been created in 1874 by the division of the
1002:Le congres danse beaucoup, mais il ne marche pas
1503:Annexation by Nazi Germany and Second World War
1376:In 1921, Vienna was separated from surrounding
292:family. Vienna lay at its border with Hungary.
194:. The settlement was raised to the status of a
319:, with Vienna becoming the seat of all future
2468:
2250:Journal of the American Musicological Society
2075:
1749:was built. At the end of the 20th century, a
1333:, was carried out on August 9, 1918, with 11
797:. Most construction happened in the suburbs (
579:. During the upheavals of the era of Emperor
91:has been long and varied, beginning when the
2381:
2229:Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship
1216:(after which the characteristic building on
731:in 1548. The city was furnished with eleven
522:is due to two things: first, he founded the
186:) during the 1st century on the site of the
2389:Belle Necropolis: Ghosts of Imperial Vienna
2325:(State University of New York Press, 1984).
1543:in which he welcomed his homeland into the
1329:propaganda flight, an air raid inspired by
1320:Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria
1284:Italian leaflets dropped on Vienna in 1918.
1200:Around 1900, Vienna became a centre of the
2475:
2461:
2330:Fin-de-siècle Vienna: politics and culture
2222:Karl Lueger: Mayor of Fin de Siècle Vienna
2103:
1806:capital outside of the territory it served
1779:Vienna was the capital of the surrounding
1417:In May 1923, in the presence of President
774:View of Vienna during the Baroque era, by
2166:Priest and Parish in Vienna, 1780 to 1880
1776:. The project has since been redesigned.
384:In 1221, Vienna received the rights of a
113:dynasty and subsequently of the Austrian
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
1703:
1700:Modern history since independence (1955)
1688:) north of the Danube and the 23rd one (
1643:
1606:, located in various parts of the city.
1514:
1506:
1436:
1361:. On November 12, 1918, the Republic of
1348:
1295:powers, which resulted in a shortage of
1279:
1253:became part of Vienna as 21st district.
1212:and the association of artists known as
1118:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1044:
921:
913:
835:). In 1704, an outer fortification, the
769:
699:
622:
441:
430:in Vienna, and the same is suspected of
410:
275:
156:
149:Overview of the Roman legion settlement
144:
75:
1357:The end of the war was also the end of
1068:, which forced long-serving chancellor
631:In 1556, Vienna became the seat of the
198:in 212. Even today, the streets of the
3103:
2145:Timeline of Vienna § Bibliography
1800:) until 1986, when it was replaced by
1628:
1087:Expansion under Emperor Franz Joseph I
2456:
2288:A Nervous Splendour: Vienna 1888-1889
2084:
2017:. Böhlau Verlag Wien. pp. 473–.
1344:
704:Siege of Vienna in 1683, painting by
179:created a military camp (occupied by
133:, Vienna has been the capital of the
2482:
2224:(Wayne State University Press, 1990)
1940:
1757:was created with, among others, the
1656:to the new Austrian government, and
1648:Zones of Allied occupation in Vienna
1633:
1557:Central Office for Jewish Emigration
1423:First World Congress of Jewish Women
1312:1918 Austro-Hungarian January Strike
983:Rothschild banking family of Austria
965:on the same terrain as the previous
711:In 1529, Vienna was besieged by the
642:During this time, the city was also
508:(iron book) listing its privileges.
338:was discovered and captured by Duke
17:
2339:(Oxford UP, 2012), focus on Vienna.
2314:Regal, Wolfgang and Michael Nanut.
1604:Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp
992:After Napoleon's final defeat, the
470:was foremost among the insurgents.
426:negotiated about the creation of a
13:
2727:Western European broadleaf forests
2377:(Cambridge University Press, 1996)
2238:(Princeton University Press, 2014)
2138:
879:) were issued, and the government
791:Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
14:
3127:
2419:
2274:Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph
1960:
1272:, which enjoyed popular support.
695:
572:population of Vienna in 1421/22.
541:. While the patricians supported
271:
2424:
2279:Millar, Simon and Peter Dennis.
2038:Christine O'Keefe (2007-02-02).
1857:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1828:
1722:After the war, as everywhere in
1432:
1310:These food shortages led to the
663:
437:
141:Beginnings and early Middle Ages
22:
2353:(Amalthea Signum Verlag, 2017).
2206:Historical Dictionary of Vienna
2059:
2056:. UNC Press, Chapel Hill, 2000.
1739:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
1597:
1179:After the great flood of 1830,
998:Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne
909:
765:
611:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
256:, dating to 881, when a battle
153:in the center of today's Vienna
3116:Holocaust locations in Austria
2682:Alps conifer and mixed forests
2444:operated by the city of Vienna
2154:(U of California Press, 2021).
2046:
2031:
1986:
1934:
1921:
1908:
1899:
1275:
941:crossed the strongly defended
678:complex. Right next to it the
658:, Bishop of Vienna from 1600.
117:, under whom it became one of
1:
2349:Wagner-Trenkwitz, Christoph.
1892:
1314:which started in Vienna. The
1266:Wiener Hochquellwasserleitung
985:remained prominent until the
906:within the city were closed.
650:rather quickly. In 1551, the
564:Albert II, Vienna became the
468:Paltrams vom Stephansfreithof
359:around the year 1200. At the
161:Roman ruins at Michaelerplatz
2448:The History of Jewish Vienna
2276:(U of Oklahoma Press, 1968).
1675:captured 58, the right-wing
1559:) was created. Its head was
1015:Frederick William of Prussia
795:Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt
598:In 1485, the Hungarian King
7:
2655:Military history of Austria
2645:Allied-administered Austria
2358:Modern Intellectual History
2201:(U of Chicago Press, 2008).
2182:(U of Chicago Press, 1981).
2175:(U of Chicago Press, 1995).
1916:Who's who in Jewish History
1870:
1709:Vienna International Centre
1193:(Danube Canal) ever since.
899:de:Magistrat der Stadt Wien
727:, Vienna was expanded to a
556:After the election of Duke
330:The events surrounding the
307:, Vienna is mentioned as a
10:
3132:
2302:Vienna: A Cultural History
2293:Offenberger, Ilana Fritz.
2142:
1637:
1316:Bolshevik seizure of power
1062:French February Revolution
1039:Emperor Francis of Austria
971:War of the Fifth Coalition
902:.). At the same time, the
758:
233:controlled the area, with
3062:
2980:
2907:
2898:
2841:
2832:
2753:
2744:
2672:
2663:
2494:
2438:Geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at
2382:Historiography and Memory
2344:Austrian History Yearbook
2311:(Penn State Press, 2013).
2085:Jones, Sam (2023-07-13).
2067:The Setting of the Pearl.
1664:, the United States, the
1551:on November 9, 1938, the
1229:) suburbs beyond the old
883:system began to develop.
811:. The best known are the
785:city. The most important
545:, the artisans supported
286:Margraviate of Ostarrîchi
2677:Administrative divisions
2625:Federal State of Austria
2403:History and Anthropology
2367:45.3/4 (1983): 251-262.
2208:(Scarecrow Press, 1999).
2014:TagebĂĽcher 1915 bis 1927
1465:in February 1934. After
1181:Regulation of the Danube
1157:World Exhibition of 1873
1033:Frederick of WĂĽrttemberg
975:Salomon Mayer Rothschild
863:were built, starting in
715:for the first time (the
355:and the construction of
323:. During that time, the
2712:Pannonian mixed forests
2615:First Austrian Republic
2070:Oxford University Press
1929:The House of Rothschild
1677:Austrian People's Party
1673:Social Democratic Party
1640:Allied-occupied Austria
1425:was inaugurated at the
841:, was built around the
492:, for example, had the
458:and began to establish
260:was fought against the
2585:Siege of Vienna (1529)
2565:Margraviate of Austria
2412:32.4 (2019): 439-458.
2396:Rethinking Vienna 1900
2391:(2014), art and memory
2290:(Little, Brown, 1979).
2252:62.3 (2009): 647-697.
2189:38.4 (2007): 756-774.
1797:
1753:consisting of several
1712:
1649:
1524:
1519:The flak tower in the
1512:
1442:
1354:
1285:
1161:the stock market crash
1124:
1116:
1115:with Parliament (1900)
1104:
1096:
1050:
927:
919:
833:Prince Eugene of Savoy
831:(the garden palais of
778:
761:Ottoman wars in Europe
708:
628:
502:Frederick the Handsome
447:
419:
340:Leopold V the Virtuous
281:
162:
154:
81:
44:by rewriting it in an
2433:at Wikimedia Commons
2405:30.4 (2019): 460-476.
2365:Jewish Social Studies
2052:See Evan Burr Bukey,
2040:"Concentration Camps"
1993:VIENNA AFTER THE WAR.
1717:Austrian State Treaty
1707:
1647:
1518:
1510:
1471:Chancellor of Austria
1440:
1352:
1283:
1159:, immediately before
1122:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1048:
1027:Maximilian of Bavaria
961:again and fought the
925:
917:
773:
703:
682:and to the far right
626:
604:Black Army of Hungary
549:. In 1408, the mayor
456:Ottokar II of Bohemia
445:
414:
336:Richard the Lionheart
279:
160:
148:
79:
2732:World Heritage Sites
2575:Archduchy of Austria
2360:9.2 (2012): 361-388.
2164:Bowman, William D.
2150:Baranello, Micaela.
1941:Kahl, Thede (2003).
1487:Vaterländische Front
1256:During those years,
1208:), most of all with
1169:("foundation era").
1111:The newly completed
1021:Frederick of Denmark
877:Konskriptionsnummern
848:After the extensive
825:Palais Schwarzenberg
813:Palais Liechtenstein
746:Second Turkish Siege
735:and surrounded by a
646:after having become
524:University of Vienna
516:Rudolf IV of Austria
466:. The family of the
334:, during which King
2966:freedom of religion
2553:Ostrogothic Kingdom
2442:Vienna History Wiki
2321:Rozenblit, Marsha.
2300:Parsons, Nicholas.
2001:, December 29, 1918
1968:"Jännerstreik-1918"
1887:Districts of Vienna
1774:World Heritage Site
1629:The Second Republic
1549:Reichskristallnacht
1331:Gabriele d'Annunzio
1009:Alexander of Russia
717:First Turkish Siege
313:Henry II of Austria
297:Exchange of Mautern
135:Republic of Austria
2876:Telecommunications
2620:Austrian Civil War
2600:Congress of Vienna
2595:March Constitution
2514:Kingdom of Noricum
2387:Arens, Katherine.
2346:46 (2015): 97-105.
2328:Schorske, Carl E.
2307:Rampley, Matthew.
2286:Morton, Frederik.
2269:(Oxford UP, 2013).
2262:(Oxford UP, 2008).
2227:Hamann, Brigette.
2220:Geehr, Richard S.
2213:Emerson, Charles.
2161:(Cambridge, 1989).
2122:on 27 October 2014
1998:The New York Times
1972:www.dasrotewien.at
1882:History of Austria
1877:Timeline of Vienna
1713:
1650:
1619:conquest of Vienna
1525:
1513:
1443:
1363:Deutsch-Ă–sterreich
1355:
1345:The First Republic
1327:Flight over Vienna
1286:
1163:, which ended the
1125:
1117:
1105:
1097:
1077:Aromanian diaspora
1051:
994:Congress of Vienna
928:
920:
779:
725:Sebastian Schrantz
709:
629:
615:Blood Judgment of
448:
420:
375:Pope Celestine III
282:
163:
155:
82:
46:encyclopedic style
33:is written like a
3111:History of Vienna
3098:
3097:
3058:
3057:
2894:
2893:
2828:
2827:
2820:Political parties
2773:Foreign relations
2740:
2739:
2650:History of Vienna
2580:Habsburg monarchy
2504:Hallstatt culture
2431:History of Vienna
2429:Media related to
2335:Silverman, Lisa.
2297:(Springer, 2017).
2231:(Oxford P, 1999).
2197:Coen, Deborah R.
2116:The Vienna Review
2065:See Thomas Weyr,
2024:978-3-205-99137-3
1634:Allied occupation
1467:Engelbert DollfuĂź
1451:Palace of Justice
1055:industrialization
1000:to famously say:
821:Schönbrunn Palace
776:Bernardo Bellotto
754:John III Sobieski
600:Matthias Corvinus
589:Matthias Corvinus
406:Holy Roman Empire
317:Privilegium Minus
288:was given to the
74:
73:
66:
3123:
3078:
3071:
2905:
2904:
2839:
2838:
2751:
2750:
2670:
2669:
2570:Duchy of Austria
2477:
2470:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2428:
2394:Beller, Steven.
2241:Healy, Maureen.
2204:Csendes, Peter.
2157:Beller, Steven.
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2118:. Archived from
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2082:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2035:
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2002:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1927:Niall Ferguson,
1925:
1919:
1918:(2001) pp 305-14
1912:
1906:
1903:
1861:diplomatic cover
1832:
1798:Niederösterreich
1792:
1763:Millennium Tower
1654:occupation force
1586:) and the 26th (
1445:The fire of the
1419:Michael Hainisch
1405:Republikanische
1390:Social Democrats
1214:Vienna Secession
1066:March Revolution
1029:: drinks for all
1023:: speaks for all
1017:: thinks for all
967:Battle of Aspern
963:Battle of Wagram
667:
500:built. In 1327,
342:two days before
301:Bishop of Passau
211:Migration Period
69:
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3045:Public holidays
3040:National anthem
2976:
2917:Austrian people
2890:
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2736:
2659:
2605:Austria-Hungary
2590:Austrian Empire
2543:Germanic tribes
2490:
2481:
2422:
2384:
2265:Karnes, Kevin.
2258:Karnes, Kevin.
2171:Boyer, John W.
2147:
2141:
2139:Further reading
2136:
2135:
2125:
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2108:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2091:Financial Times
2083:
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2064:
2060:
2051:
2047:
2036:
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1991:
1987:
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1788:
1759:Andromeda Tower
1702:
1642:
1636:
1631:
1600:
1572:GroĂź-Enzersdorf
1505:
1479:Communist Party
1469:, who had been
1435:
1359:Austria-Hungary
1347:
1278:
1089:
1011:: loves for all
932:Napoleonic Wars
912:
768:
763:
698:
693:
692:
691:
680:Minoritenkirche
673:
668:
656:Melchior Khlesl
617:Wiener Neustadt
609:In 1522, under
543:Ernest the Iron
475:Jans der Enikel
440:
432:Ottokar Přemysl
274:
254:Salzburg Annals
190:of present-day
173:Celtic language
171:derives from a
143:
127:Austria-Hungary
123:Austrian Empire
70:
59:
53:
50:
42:help improve it
39:
27:
23:
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2758:Climate change
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2610:German Austria
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2421:
2420:External links
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2283:(Osprey, 2008)
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1821:2005 elections
1743:United Nations
1724:Western Europe
1701:
1698:
1694:Lower Austrian
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1599:
1596:
1588:Klosterneuburg
1561:Adolf Eichmann
1527:In March 1938
1504:
1501:
1457:, the largest
1434:
1431:
1398:Gemeindebauten
1386:state governor
1346:
1343:
1277:
1274:
1088:
1085:
1043:
1042:
1041:: pays for all
1036:
1035:: eats for all
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1012:
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908:
886:Under Emperor
767:
764:
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696:Turkish sieges
694:
670:
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661:
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644:recatholicised
551:Konrad Vorlauf
439:
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371:excommunicated
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272:Babenberg rule
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200:First District
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2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2376:
2373:Yales, W. E.
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2178:Boyer, John.
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1931:(2 vol. 1998)
1930:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1865:Club de Berne
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:; during the
1850:
1849:
1848:The Third Man
1837:
1831:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:Liberal Forum
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1785:Lower Austria
1782:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1728:Marshall Plan
1725:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1641:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:), the 25th (
1581:
1578:), the 24th (
1577:
1574:), the 23rd (
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1497:Austrofascism
1494:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:Creditanstalt
1452:
1448:
1439:
1433:Austrofascism
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:and became a
1379:
1378:Lower Austria
1374:
1372:
1371:hydrocephalus
1368:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1270:anti-Semitism
1267:
1263:
1262:social policy
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:10th district
1232:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1174:neoabsolutism
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
987:Creditanstalt
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
924:
916:
907:
905:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:1679 and 1713
854:
851:
846:
844:
840:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:Palais Modena
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
777:
772:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:Ottoman Turks
707:
706:Frans Geffels
702:
689:
685:
684:Schottenstift
681:
677:
672:
666:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
625:
621:
619:
618:
612:
607:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Frederick III
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
507:
503:
499:
496:choir of the
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
444:
438:Habsburg rule
435:
433:
429:
425:
417:
413:
409:
407:
403:
400:basin and to
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Third Crusade
328:
327:was founded.
326:
325:Schottenstift
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:and Margrave
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
278:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:
178:
174:
170:
169:
159:
152:
147:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
90:
89:
78:
68:
65:
57:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
20:
19:
16:
3000:Coat of arms
2990:Architecture
2957:Prostitution
2927:Demographics
2805:Legal system
2783:Human rights
2763:Constitution
2649:
2558:East Francia
2423:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2374:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2198:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2124:. Retrieved
2120:the original
2115:
2112:"Spy vs. Sy"
2105:
2094:. Retrieved
2090:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2033:
2013:
2006:
1996:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1974:. SPĂ– Vienna
1971:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1914:Joan Comay,
1910:
1901:
1846:
1843:
1810:
1802:Sankt Pölten
1778:
1732:
1721:
1714:
1696:territory).
1679:36, and the
1670:
1662:Soviet Union
1651:
1616:
1608:
1601:
1598:World War II
1569:
1537:Adolf Hitler
1529:Nazi Germany
1526:
1490:
1447:Justizpalast
1446:
1444:
1416:
1404:
1402:
1375:
1362:
1356:
1324:
1309:
1305:Rent Control
1287:
1265:
1255:
1249:). In 1904,
1243:Leopoldstadt
1230:
1224:
1222:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1148:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1112:
1074:
1059:
1052:
1001:
991:
952:
942:
929:
910:19th century
897:
891:
885:
876:
865:Leopoldstadt
847:
842:
836:
808:
798:
780:
766:18th century
710:
687:
683:
679:
675:
641:
630:
614:
608:
597:
593:Hussite Wars
574:
555:
532:
519:
514:
510:
505:
479:
472:
467:
449:
424:Frederick II
421:
416:Frederick II
393:
383:
364:
329:
308:
299:between the
294:
284:In 976, the
283:
257:
247:
215:
206:
204:
182:
166:
164:
100:
93:Roman Empire
85:
83:
60:
51:
32:
15:
2952:Pornography
2942:Health care
2846:Agriculture
2800:LGBT rights
2793:enforcement
2126:21 November
1815:. With the
1755:skyscrapers
1658:Karl Renner
1611:flak towers
1592:Third Reich
1541:Heldenplatz
1492:Ständestaat
1335:Ansaldo SVA
1289:World War I
1276:World War I
1258:Karl Lueger
1251:Floridsdorf
1247:Brigittenau
1220:is named).
1210:Otto Wagner
1206:Art Nouveau
1166:GrĂĽnderzeit
1153:Historicism
1072:to resign.
973:. In 1810,
943:TaborbrĂĽcke
930:During the
688:Schottentor
562:German King
520:the Founder
498:Stephansdom
394:Stapelrecht
390:staple port
346:of 1192 in
258:apud Weniam
250:Middle Ages
227:city centre
188:city centre
131:World War I
97:city centre
86:history of
3105:Categories
3020:Literature
2815:Parliament
2778:Government
2697:Ecoregions
2272:May, A.J.
2143:See also:
2096:2023-07-14
1956:: 205–219.
1893:References
1781:Bundesland
1767:Wien Mitte
1745:, and the
1686:Donaustadt
1681:Communists
1638:See also:
1553:synagogues
1483:Schutzbund
1475:Nazi Party
1407:Schutzbund
1394:Red Vienna
1367:parliament
1339:propaganda
1231:Linienwall
1218:Karlsplatz
1202:Jugendstil
1190:Donaukanal
1149:RingstraĂźe
1144:RingstraĂźe
1129:Linienwall
1113:RingstraĂźe
1070:Metternich
979:Rothschild
904:graveyards
893:Magistrate
838:Linienwall
827:, and the
803:), as the
787:architects
759:See also:
648:Protestant
547:Leopold IV
535:patricians
484:emperors,
482:Luxembourg
379:tournament
357:city walls
305:Leopold IV
266:River Wien
196:municipium
125:and later
2947:Languages
2932:Education
2886:Transport
2856:Companies
2768:Elections
2707:Mountains
2692:Districts
2665:Geography
2635:Anschluss
2521:Roman Era
1790:‹See Tfd›
1576:Schwechat
1533:Anschluss
1463:Civil War
1134:Vorstädte
1081:Aromanian
888:Joseph II
871:in 1670.
861:factories
853:epidemics
843:Vorstädte
829:Belvedere
800:Vorstädte
721:epidemics
686:with the
585:Albert VI
577:cathedral
506:Eisenbuch
490:Albert II
480:With the
473:In 1280,
450:In 1278,
428:bishopric
388:and as a
366:Stubentor
344:Christmas
290:Babenberg
217:Byzantine
207:Vindobona
168:Vindobona
165:The name
151:Vindobona
115:Habsburgs
111:Babenberg
102:Vindobona
3085:Category
2962:Religion
2912:Abortion
2871:Taxation
2810:Military
2746:Politics
2548:Rugiland
2531:Pannonia
2488:articles
1871:See also
1853:Cold War
1813:majority
1747:UNO-City
1521:Augarten
1481:and the
1412:Heimwehr
939:marshals
873:Hygienic
805:nobility
733:bastions
729:fortress
602:and the
558:Albert V
539:artisans
464:Albert I
460:Habsburg
452:Rudolf I
363:station
231:Lombards
181:Legio X
119:Europe's
54:May 2021
3069:Outline
3030:Museums
3005:Cuisine
2982:Culture
2900:Society
2881:Tourism
2851:Banking
2834:Economy
2640:Ostmark
2526:Noricum
2496:History
2484:Austria
2304:(2008).
2245:(2004).
2168:(2000).
1978:10 July
1751:skyline
1690:Liesing
1584:Liesing
1580:Mödling
1427:Hofburg
1301:clothes
1293:Entente
1226:Vororte
1151:Style (
783:baroque
676:Hofburg
652:Jesuits
637:Bohemia
635:, with
633:Emperor
587:, then
566:capital
348:Erdberg
309:Civitas
262:Magyars
243:Berghof
109:of the
107:capital
40:Please
3090:Portal
2995:Cinema
2866:Mining
2861:Energy
2722:States
2717:Rivers
2687:Cities
2536:Raetia
2486:
2414:online
2398:(2001)
2369:online
2332:(1979)
2318:(2007)
2254:online
2191:online
2021:
1794:German
1771:UNESCO
1735:U-Bahn
1623:Soviet
1477:, the
1421:, the
1239:fourth
1185:Danube
1131:. The
1079:. The
959:Danube
955:Aspern
936:French
881:postal
869:ghetto
850:plague
809:Palais
750:Polish
741:glacis
570:Jewish
494:gothic
486:Prague
402:Venice
398:Danube
361:U-Bahn
220:copper
205:Roman
192:Vienna
183:Gemina
177:Romans
88:Vienna
3076:Index
3050:Sport
3035:Music
3025:Media
2972:Women
2922:Crime
2702:Lakes
2509:Celts
1946:(PDF)
1545:Reich
1382:state
1139:first
947:Tábor
789:were
752:King
690:gate.
321:dukes
239:Avars
235:Slavs
223:coins
3015:Flag
3009:wine
2128:2013
2019:ISBN
1980:2018
1761:and
1565:Linz
1459:bank
1325:The
1299:and
1297:food
1060:The
793:and
739:. A
737:moat
613:the
537:and
528:nave
386:city
353:mint
237:and
84:The
2788:Law
1783:of
1621:by
1499:).
1241:).
855:of
595:).
560:as
373:by
3107::
2440:-
2114:.
2089:.
2077:^
1995:,
1970:.
1952:.
1948:.
1867:.
1808:.
1796::
1730:.
1666:UK
1594:.
1535:.
1429:.
1176:.
845:.
823:,
819:,
815:,
434:.
408:.
381:.
268:.
245:.
137:.
3011:)
3007:(
2968:)
2964:(
2476:e
2469:t
2462:v
2130:.
2099:.
2042:.
2027:.
1982:.
1954:5
1787:(
1684:(
1449:(
1204:(
945:(
392:(
67:)
61:(
56:)
52:(
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
