1219:
691:
610:
4072:
1318:, Karume being the first holder of this office. This government used the success of the revolution to implement reforms across the island. Many of these involved the removal of power from Arabs. The Zanzibar civil service, for example, became an almost entirely African organisation, and land was redistributed from Arabs to Africans. The revolutionary government also instituted social reforms such as free healthcare and opening up the education system to African students (who had occupied only 12% of secondary school places before the revolution).
788:
1231:
828:
820:
936:
that there is no defect about the feet; after which, if the price is agreed to, they are stripped of their finery and delivered over to their future master. I have frequently counted twenty or thirty of these files in the market at one time...Women with children newly born hanging at their breasts and others so old they can scarcely walk, are sometimes seen dragged about in this manner. They had in general a very dejected look; some groups appeared so ill fed that their bones seemed as if ready to penetrate the skin.
1366:
539:
3343:
836:
44:
796:
1101:
931:
coconut oil, and forced to wear gold and silver bracelets bearing the name of the slave trader. At that point, the slaves were forced to march nude in a line down the streets of Stone Town guarded by loyal slaves of the slavers carrying swords or spears until someone would show interest in the procession. A captain from a ship owned by the East India
Company who visited Zanzibar in 1811 and witnessed these marches wrote about how a buyer examined the slaves:
274:
804:
486:
858:
land. Every year, hundreds of dhows would sail across the Indian Ocean from Arabia, Persia and India with the monsoon winds blowing in from the northeast, bringing iron, cloth, sugar and dates. When the monsoon winds shifted to the southwest in March or April, the traders would leave, with their ships packed full of tortoiseshell, copal, cloves, coir, coconuts, rice, ivory, and slaves. The Arabs established garrisons at
Zanzibar,
622:
1378:
1211:
946:
acceptable for family members to murder one another to gain land, wealth, titles, and slaves. Visitors to
Zanzibar often mentioned the "shocking brutality" which the Arab masters treated their slaves, who were so cowed into submission that there was never a slave revolt attempted on Zanzibar. The cruelty which the Arab masters treated their slaves during the period of
1605:(ACT-Wazalendo) came to be considered the main opposition political party of semi-autonomous Zanzibar. The constitution of Zanzibar requires the party that comes in second in the polls to join a coalition with the winning party. ACT-Wazalendo joined a coalition government with the islands’ ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi in December 2020 after Zanzibar disputed
584:. On Zanzibar, the evidence for the later farming and iron-working communities dating from the mid-first millennium AD is much stronger and indicates the beginning of urbanism there when settlements were built with mud-timber structures (Juma 2004). This is somewhat earlier than the existing evidence for towns in other parts of the
1196:). One of the more appreciated reforms brought in by the British were the establishment of a proper sewer, garbage disposal system and burial system so that the beaches of Zanzibar reeked no more of bodies, excrement and garbage, finally eliminating the foul smell of Stone Town, which had repulsed so many Western visitors.
1568:, the army and police shot into crowds of protestors, killing at least 35 and wounding more than 600. Those forces, accompanied by ruling party officials and militias, also went on a house-to-house rampage, indiscriminately arresting, beating, and sexually abusing residents. Approximately 2,000 temporarily fled to Kenya.
1047:
Zanzibar was famous worldwide for its spices and its slaves. During the 19th century, Zanzibar was known all over the world in the words of
Petterson as: "A fabled land of spices, a vile center of slavery, a place of origins of expeditions into the vast, mysterious continent, the island was all these
913:
described
Zanzibar in 1856 as: "Earth, sea and sky, all seemed wrapped in a soft and sensuous repose...The sea of purist sapphire, which had not parted with its blue rays to the atmosphere...lay looking...under a blaze of sunshine which touched every object with a dull burnish of gold". Adding to the
940:
Every year, about 40,000-50,000 slaves were taken to
Zanzibar. About a third went to work on clove and coconut plantations of Zanzibar and Pemba while the rest were exported to Persia, Arabia, the Ottoman Empire and Egypt. Conditions on the plantations were so harsh that about 30% of the male slaves
935:
The mouth and teeth are inspected, and afterwards every part of the body in succession, not even excepting the breasts, etc, of the girls, many of whom I have seen examined in the most indecent manner in the public market by the purchasers...The slave is then made to walk or run a little way to show
1578:
Following 2005, negotiations between the two parties aiming at the long-term resolution of the tensions and a power-sharing accord took place, but they suffered repeated setbacks. The most notable of these took place in April 2008, when the CUF walked away from the negotiating table following a CCM
930:
taken from the mainland. The slaves were brought to
Zanzibar in dhows, where many as possible were packed in with no regard for comfort or safety. Many did not survive the journey to Zanzibar. Upon reaching Zanzibar, the slaves were stripped completely naked, cleaned, had their bodies covered with
922:
when living in Stone Town in 1866 wrote in his diary: "The stench arising from a mile and a half or two square miles of exposed sea beach, which is the general depository of the filth of the town is quite horrible...It might be called
Stinkabar rather than Zanzibar". Besides for the pervasive foul
857:
centring on cloves. With an excellent harbor and no shortage of fresh water, Stone Town (capital of
Zanzibar) became one of the largest and wealthiest cities in East Africa. Under Omani rule, all of the most fertile land was handed over to Omani aristocrats who enslaved the farmers who worked the
1356:
Within
Zanzibar, the revolution is a key cultural event, marked by the release of 545 prisoners on its tenth anniversary and by a military parade on its 40th. Zanzibar Revolution Day has been designated as a public holiday by the government of Tanzania; it is celebrated on 12 January each year.
1180:
was declared 45 minutes after the action had begun, giving the bombardment the title of The Shortest War in History. Hamoud was declared the new ruler and peace was restored once more. Acquiescing to British demands, he brought an end in 1897 to Zanzibar's role as a centre for the centuries-old
945:
a "culture of violence", where brute force was the preferred solution to problems and outlandish cruelty was a virtue. The ruling al-Busaid family was characterized by fratricidal quarrels as it was common for brother to murder brother, and this was typical of the Arab aristocracy, where it was
1331:
in appointments to political and industrial offices, the new Tanzanian government being powerless to intervene. Dissatisfaction with the government came to a head with the assassination of Karume on 7 April 1972, which was followed by weeks of fighting between pro and anti-government forces. A
918:" fantasy brought to life. Those who got closer described Stone Town as an extremely foul-smelling city that reeked of human and animal excrement, garbage and rotting corpses as garbage, sewage and bodies of animals and slaves were all left out in the open to rot. The British explorer Dr.
1048:
things during its heyday in the last half of the 19th century. It was the main slave-trading port of the African Great Lakes region, and in the 19th century as many as 50,000 slaves were passed through the slave markets of Zanzibar each year. (
1321:
The government sought help from the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), and P. R. China for funding for several projects and military advice. The failure of several GDR-led projects including the New Zanzibar Project, a 1968
1068:. In 1822, the British signed the first of a series of treaties with Sultan Said to curb this trade. Under strong British pressure, the slave trade was officially abolished in 1876, but slavery itself remained legal in Zanzibar until 1897.
1347:
The revolution itself remains an event of interest for Zanzibaris and academics. Historians have analysed the revolution as having a racial and a social basis with some stating that the African revolutionaries represent the
1352:
rebelling against the ruling and trading classes, represented by the Arabs and South Asians. Others discount this theory and present it as a racial revolution that was exacerbated by economic disparity between races.
600:
ethnic groups from the mainland, and on Zanzibar they lived in small villages and failed to coalesce to form larger political units. Because they lacked central organization, they were easily subjugated by outsiders.
1590:
at the State House to discuss how to save Zanzibar from future political turmoil and to end the animosity between them. This move was welcomed by many, including the United States. It was the first time since the
1477:(CUF). Since the early 1990s, the politics of the archipelago have been marked by repeated clashes between these two parties. The results of the past elections held under the multiparty system are as follows:
1269:. Several thousand ethnic Arab (5,000-12,000 Zanzibaris of Arabic descent) and Indian civilians were murdered and thousands more detained or expelled, their property either confiscated or destroyed. The film
1326:
to provide new apartments for all Zanzibaris, led to Zanzibar focusing on Chinese aid. The post-revolution Zanzibar government was accused of draconian controls on personal freedoms and travel and exercised
1301:
One of the main impacts of the revolution in Zanzibar was to break the power of the Arab/Asian ruling class, who had held it for around 200 years. Despite the merger with Tanganyika, Zanzibar retained a
1175:
destroyed the Beit al Hukum Palace, having given Khalid a one-hour ultimatum to leave. He refused, and at 9 am the ships opened fire. Khalid's troops returned fire and he fled to the German consulate. A
1739:
1294:, the one locally owned bank in Zanzibar, closed. It was owned by Indians and although the revolutionary government of Zanzibar urged it to continue functioning, the loss of its customer base as
779:
when Captain Ruy Lourenço Ravasco Marques landed and demanded and received tribute from the sultan in exchange for peace. Zanzibar remained a possession of Portugal for almost two centuries.
1757:
969:. In November 1886, a German-British border commission established the Zanj as a ten-nautical mile (19 km) wide strip along most of the African Great Lakes coast, stretching from
683:. Although the islands had few resources of interest to the traders, they offered a good location from which to make contact and trade with the towns of the Swahili Coast. A phase of
853:. The Portuguese were expelled and a lucrative trade in slaves (started decades earlier by the Portuguese to supply the West Indies), and ivory thrived, along with an expanding
923:
odor of Stone Town, accounts by visitors described a city full of slaves on the brink of starvation and a place where cholera, malaria, and venereal diseases all flourished.
472:, of which Zanzibar remains a semi-autonomous region. Recent decades in Zanzibar have seen political violence related to contested elections, with a major massacre in 2001.
557:
in southeastern Zanzibar found heavy duty stone tools that showed occupation of the site at least 22,000 years ago. Archaeological discoveries of a limestone cave used
2495:"Karume: No elections next year in Zanzibar if…", Zanzibar Institute for Research and Public Policy, reported by Salma Said, reprinted from an original article in
1056:
was the most notorious slaver, under several sultans, and also a trader, plantation owner, and governor. Zanzibar's spices attracted ships from as far away as the
1787:
1598:
A proposal to amend Zanzibar's constitution to allow rival parties to form governments of national unity was adopted by 66.2 percent of voters on 31 July 2010.
3813:
2063:
1249:
under the Sultan. This state of affairs was short-lived, as the Sultan and the democratically elected government were overthrown on 12 January 1964 in the
914:
beauty were the gleaming white minarets of mosques and the sultan's palaces in Stone Town, making the city appear from the distance to Westerners as an "
3677:
2563:
2444:
687:
associated with the introduction of stone material to the construction industry of the African Great Lakes littoral began from the 10th century AD.
1733:
1720:
1120:, in which Germany pledged, among other things, not to interfere with British interests in Zanzibar. This treaty made Zanzibar and Pemba a British
1090:. One of the most famous palaces built by the Sultans was the House of Wonders, which is today one of Zanzibar's most popular tourist attractions.
5966:
5956:
3342:
3122:
2892:
1763:
675:
probably visited Zanzibar as early as the 1st century AD, followed by Somalis during the Middle Ages with the emergence of Islam. They used the
2333:
1708:
302:
374:
was the first European power to gain control of Zanzibar, and kept it for nearly 200 years. In 1698, Zanzibar fell under the control of the
4071:
941:
died every year, thus maintaining the demand for more slaves. The Omani Arabs who ruled Zanzibar had in the words of the American diplomat
903:
2814:
1420:
867:
4365:
3238:
464:, in which several thousand Arabs and Indians were killed and thousands more expelled and expropriated, led to the formation of the
3806:
4461:
4411:
3037:
319:
for 20,000 years. The earliest written accounts of Zanzibar began when the islands became a base for traders voyaging between the
5951:
3702:
2877:
2777:
5837:
926:
Of all the forms of economic activity on Zanzibar, slavery was the most profitable and all the blacks living on the island were
2135:
1836:
573:. It is a suggestion of early trans-oceanic trade networks, although some writers have expressed doubt about this possibility.
5847:
5747:
3483:
2598:
2039:
2010:
1922:
2897:
2546:
1602:
1307:
503:
1040:. The Italians eventually purchased the executive rights in 1905, and made Mogadishu the capital of the newly established
5014:
3799:
3682:
3510:
3385:
3282:
1295:
252:
201:
997:. However, from 1887 to 1892, all of these mainland possessions were lost to the colonial powers of the United Kingdom,
5941:
3493:
3473:
2494:
1575:
on 31 October 2005, with the CUF claiming that its rightful victory had been stolen from it. Nine people were killed.
5527:
3744:
3632:
1948:
1846:
1450:
525:
414:
mainland - a practice that is still in place to this day. The third pillar of the economy was slaves, which gave the
295:
5946:
5857:
1689:
1683:
1572:
1454:
1341:
1303:
1266:
465:
5936:
2807:
2510:
1659:
1606:
1152:
895:
5806:
1862:
Meyer, Carol; Joan Markley Todd; Curt W. Beck (1991). "From Zanzibar to Zagros: A Copal Pendant from Eshnunna".
1218:
588:, given as the 9th century AD. The first permanent residents of Zanzibar seem to have been the ancestors of the
3571:
2680:
1665:
1653:
1315:
690:
507:
191:
1104:
A Zanzibar marketplace, around 1910. A British colonist can be seen in the middle, wearing a linen suit and a
5760:
5721:
3548:
3458:
3400:
3332:
3267:
3231:
3148:
1677:
1641:
1635:
1076:
449:. The death of one sultan and the succession of another of whom the British did not approve later led to the
262:
51:
1595:
was introduced in Zanzibar that the CUF agreed to recognize Karume as the legitimate president of Zanzibar.
679:
winds to sail across the Indian Ocean and landed at the sheltered harbor located on the site of present-day
580:
farming and iron-working communities who lived on the islands (Zanzibar, Mafia) during the first millennium
5987:
5734:
5708:
3595:
3561:
3478:
2912:
1579:
call for a referendum to approve of what had been presented as a done deal on the power-sharing agreement.
1181:
eastern slave trade by banning slavery and freeing the slaves, compensating their owners. Hamoud's son and
1016:
and southern Somalia. However, power on the ground remained in the hands of a powerful Somali kingdom, the
994:
288:
23:
775:'s visit in 1499 marked the beginning of European influence. In 1503 or 1504, Zanzibar became part of the
3687:
3375:
3195:
3191:
2437:
1623:
1283:
596:, who began arriving from the African Great Lakes mainland around 1000 AD. They had belonged to various
3505:
3500:
3395:
3365:
3295:
2800:
1629:
1416:
1117:
909:
Accounts by visitors to Zanzibar often emphasize the outward beauty of the place. The British explorer
411:
227:
85:
468:. That April, the republic merged with the mainland Tanganyika, or more accurately, was subsumed into
3380:
3204:
1800:
1671:
1278:
The revolutionary government nationalized the local operations of the two foreign banks in Zanzibar,
1186:
886:, whom Said encouraged to settle on the island. After his death in 1856, his sons struggled over the
43:
3622:
3463:
3436:
3224:
2952:
2518:
2478:
2329:
1647:
1287:
1279:
1137:
419:
343:
offered a protected and defensible harbour, so although the archipelago had few products of value,
206:
166:
2339:
2271:
2245:
441:
Sometimes gradually, sometimes by fits and starts, control of Zanzibar came into the hands of the
3538:
3467:
3327:
3187:
3062:
3052:
2857:
1775:
1382:
1336:
was eventually established in 1992, but Zanzibar remains dogged by allegations of corruption and
1246:
1159:, take over the palace and declare himself the new ruler. This was contrary to the wishes of the
496:
457:
247:
878:. He established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations, using
609:
5816:
5261:
4907:
3642:
3447:
3441:
3290:
3067:
2957:
2887:
910:
257:
211:
1064:'s early interest in Zanzibar was motivated by both commerce and the determination to end the
5615:
4234:
4191:
4121:
3652:
3627:
3581:
3488:
3453:
3370:
3353:
3300:
3127:
3047:
3012:
2997:
2982:
2937:
2872:
2028:
1819:
1192:
From 1913 until independence in 1963, the British appointed their own residents (essentially
1156:
554:
543:
171:
3178:
1914:
1564:
Contested elections in October 2000 led to a massacre on 27 January 2001 when, according to
632:
Ancient pottery demonstrates existing trade routes with Zanzibar as far back as the ancient
5385:
4920:
4132:
3739:
3692:
3662:
3647:
3566:
3419:
3405:
3305:
3002:
1065:
808:
699:
415:
176:
2145:
8:
5783:
5405:
3766:
3759:
3617:
3576:
3526:
3431:
3390:
3312:
3277:
3259:
3251:
3102:
3077:
2927:
2922:
2902:
2867:
2852:
2553:, Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa, updated August 2010.
1966:
1781:
1507:
1470:
1458:
1410:
1250:
1223:
1205:
1164:
954:
947:
942:
887:
883:
879:
738:
461:
390:
general population. Plantations were developed to grow spices; hence, the moniker of the
336:
320:
232:
196:
181:
32:
2416:
1286:. These nationalized operations may have provided the foundation for the newly created
5316:
3897:
3657:
3553:
3317:
3272:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3087:
3057:
3042:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2972:
2967:
2917:
2862:
2837:
2744:
2736:
2707:
2660:
2631:
2623:
1887:
1879:
1592:
1583:
1565:
1524:
1474:
1432:
1390:
1370:
1333:
1262:
1261:
citizen who organized and led the revolution with his followers on the island. Sheikh
1168:
1160:
1148:
1041:
899:
854:
844:
698:
Traders began to settle in small numbers on Zanzibar in the late 11th or 12th century,
450:
431:
367:
186:
105:
75:
2074:
787:
5202:
4485:
4478:
4432:
4307:
4201:
3943:
3884:
3822:
3775:
3697:
3672:
3667:
3607:
3097:
3092:
3032:
2987:
2947:
2842:
2823:
2748:
2711:
2676:
2635:
2594:
2035:
2006:
1944:
1918:
1891:
1842:
1587:
1245:
On 10 December 1963, Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom as a
1049:
919:
776:
684:
375:
371:
328:
1431:, on 29 October 1964. After unification, local affairs were controlled by President
1230:
5961:
5451:
5427:
5395:
4847:
4442:
3637:
3543:
3152:
3072:
3022:
2977:
2962:
2942:
2932:
2907:
2847:
2782:
2728:
2699:
2652:
2615:
2568:
2543:
2395:
1910:
1871:
1469:
There are many political parties in Zanzibar, but the most popular parties are the
1398:
1072:
1017:
961:, as well as trading routes extending much further across the continent, as far as
870:(more fully, Sayyid Said bin Sultan al-Busaid), who in 1840 moved his capital from
863:
758:
625:
427:
324:
2719:
Triplett, George W. (1971), "Zanzibar: The Politics of Revolutionary Inequality",
1052:
estimated that 80,000 new slaves died each year before ever reaching the island.)
576:
No cave sites on Zanzibar have revealed pottery fragments used by early and later
5773:
5695:
5049:
4031:
3780:
3082:
2992:
2882:
2588:
2550:
2448:
2000:
1938:
1769:
1751:
1483:
1446:
as suggested by some scholars, and being recognized as the "African Hong Kong".
1373:
participating in a military parade to mark the 40th anniversary of the revolution
1311:
1025:
859:
727:
565:
to the year 1 AD (Chami 2006). Traces of the communities include objects such as
278:
135:
130:
100:
95:
2373:
2216:
1008:
In the late 1800s, the Omani Sultan of Zanzibar also briefly claimed to control
5326:
5165:
4608:
4568:
4264:
3992:
3871:
3611:
1365:
1113:
1061:
1013:
891:
850:
827:
819:
442:
237:
2732:
2703:
2619:
5981:
5175:
5131:
4762:
4649:
3930:
2772:
2267:
2241:
1745:
1714:
1702:
1457:
held both the executive and legislative functions for 16 years following the
1436:
1323:
1239:
1182:
1129:
1057:
990:
772:
680:
597:
585:
538:
387:
356:
352:
156:
70:
5526:
1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent
2762:
434:
controlled a substantial portion of the African Great Lakes coast, known as
5352:
4712:
4532:
4244:
3729:
2687:
2140:
1337:
1314:
and has power over domestic matters. The domestic government is led by the
1271:
1121:
970:
927:
882:. Zanzibar's commerce fell increasingly into the hands of traders from the
871:
835:
660:
577:
570:
446:
423:
395:
161:
2786:
702:
with the indigenous Africans. Eventually a hereditary ruler (known as the
5638:
5118:
5095:
5082:
4828:
4692:
4598:
1424:
1349:
1254:
1105:
1083:
1033:
1021:
966:
915:
795:
704:
558:
550:
407:
355:(Stone Town) as a convenient point from which to trade with towns on the
4144:
1824:, Paul Sinclair (Uppsala University), Abdurahman Juma, Felix Chami, 2006
1100:
950:
left behind a legacy of hate, which exploded in the revolution of 1964.
5906:
5880:
5482:
5432:
4772:
4732:
4355:
4287:
1402:
1291:
1235:
1177:
1172:
974:
875:
672:
566:
510: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
115:
80:
4155:
2740:
2664:
2627:
2522:
1883:
1275:
documents the violence and massacre of unarmed ethnic Arab civilians.
5141:
4951:
4005:
3979:
3907:
1443:
1053:
1009:
890:. On April 6, 1861, Zanzibar and Oman were divided into two separate
742:
403:
379:
3791:
3216:
2792:
2587:
Kalley, Jacqueline Audrey; Schoeman, Elna; Andor, Lydia Eve (1999),
2442:, reported by Chris Tomlinson, The Associated Press, 1 November 2005
485:
5628:
5375:
5238:
5215:
5192:
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5003:
4623:
4254:
4018:
3716:
3247:
2656:
2002:
A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa
1875:
1488:
1428:
1328:
1193:
1087:
803:
641:
621:
469:
456:
The islands gained independence from Britain in December 1963 as a
399:
316:
140:
90:
5893:
1861:
5576:
5505:
5462:
5339:
5072:
4966:
4669:
4618:
4398:
4329:
4277:
4224:
3920:
2643:
Myers, Garth A. (1994), "Making the Socialist City of Zanzibar",
2460:
1377:
1133:
1116:
gradually took over; the relationship was formalized by the 1890
1029:
998:
986:
723:
676:
637:
593:
562:
549:
Zanzibar has been inhabited, perhaps not continuously, since the
65:
2606:
Kuper, Leo (1971), "Theories of Revolution and Race Relations",
764:
Villages were also present in which lineage groups were common.
359:. They established garrisons on the islands and built the first
5590:
5365:
5059:
4892:
4871:
4722:
4627:
4588:
4578:
4376:
4318:
4178:
4111:
4044:
3966:
3734:
3322:
1435:, while foreign affairs were handled by the United Republic in
1258:
1141:
1125:
978:
812:
746:
734:
715:
710:
668:
652:
589:
360:
340:
242:
120:
4505:
2765:
Race, Revolution and the Struggle for Human Rights in Zanzibar
5472:
5108:
5029:
4979:
4858:
4752:
4742:
4659:
4639:
4555:
4545:
4471:
4297:
4165:
3861:
2688:"An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964."
1442:
The autonomous status of Zanzibar is viewed as comparable to
1086:
to haul his regal carriage from town to his summer palace at
1080:
1037:
1002:
982:
962:
750:
656:
645:
633:
383:
348:
125:
1210:
4702:
1394:
958:
664:
435:
344:
332:
5530:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.
2564:"Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government"
2479:"Tanzanian Affairs » ZANZIBAR – A BIG DISAPPOINTMENT"
866:. The height of Arab rule came during the reign of Sultan
4933:
1439:. Zanzibar remains a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania.
953:
The Sultan of Zanzibar controlled a large portion of the
2328:
1032:'s interior, was at its zenith). In 1892, Geledi ruler:
694:
The "Mwenyi Mkuu," the last of the old kings of Zanzibar
561:
techniques to prove more recent occupation, from around
726:. Neither had much power, but they helped solidify the
581:
1822:
The African Archaeology Network: Research in Progress
5547:
2217:"Thousand attend Karume memorial events in Zanzibar"
2673:
Revolution In Zanzibar: An American's Cold War Tale
2586:
2316:
1005:, with Britain gaining control of Mombasa in 1963.
2544:"Zanzibar: 2010 Constitutional referendum results"
2417:"Tanzania: Zanzibar Election Massacres Documented"
2088:Revolution In Zanzibar An American Cold War's Tale
2027:
1971:Revolution In Zanzibar An American's Cold War Tale
1582:In November 2009, the then-president of Zanzibar,
1171:, on the morning of 27 August, when ships of the
1071:Zanzibar had the distinction of having the first
410:, the tusks of elephants that were killed on the
5979:
1603:Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendois
1298:left the island made it impossible to continue.
849:In 1698, Zanzibar fell under the control of the
5967:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
5957:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago
5668:
1820:"Excavations at Kuumbi Cave on Zanzibar 2005",
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
1199:
438:, as well as extensive inland trading routes.
3807:
3232:
2808:
2771:
2438:"Nine killed in Zanzibar election violence",
2266:
2240:
2136:"Revert to single party system, CUF Reps say"
1222:Ceremony marking the 40th anniversary of the
1093:
1060:, which established a consulate in 1837. The
453:, also known as the shortest war in history.
296:
2692:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
2129:
2127:
1905:Fay, Robert (2005-04-07), "Swahili People",
1453:was established in 1980. Prior to this, the
1385:celebrating ten years since the revolution (
2196:
2184:
2172:
2093:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1344:was seen to be a considerable improvement.
1167:. This led to a showdown, later called the
644:dated ca. 2500-2400 BC. has been traced to
3814:
3800:
3239:
3225:
2815:
2801:
2608:Comparative Studies in Society and History
2286:
2034:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 28.
1423:; this lengthy name was compressed into a
1421:United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
378:, which developed an economy of trade and
303:
289:
5289:
2490:
2488:
2310:
2124:
1962:
1960:
1415:On 26 April 1964, the mainland colony of
1265:was named president of the newly created
898:(1834/5–1870), his sixth son, became the
815:to defend the island from the Portuguese.
526:Learn how and when to remove this message
2718:
2298:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2160:
2133:
2112:
2106:
2025:
1976:
1376:
1364:
1360:
1229:
1217:
1209:
1099:
1075:in the African Great Lakes region, when
834:
826:
818:
802:
794:
786:
689:
620:
608:
537:
5952:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
2685:
2234:
2118:
1936:
1834:
5980:
4084:
2781:(1st ed.), London: Charles Cull,
2485:
2208:
1992:
1957:
1617:
811:built in the late 17th century by the
157:Vasco da Gama and Portuguese expansion
5667:
5546:
5288:
4799:
4504:
4083:
3833:
3821:
3795:
3678:Natural resource and waste management
3246:
3220:
2822:
2796:
2721:The Journal of Modern African Studies
2642:
2605:
2304:
2292:
2166:
1998:
1915:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.43544
1487:
1482:
782:
640:. An ancient pendant discovered near
604:
445:. In 1890, Zanzibar became a British
5677:
5556:
5298:
4809:
4514:
4474:) and small temporary coastal bases.
4093:
3843:
2778:Some account of the town of Zanzibar
2214:
2134:Sadallah, Mwinyi (23 January 2006),
2075:Remembering East African slave raids
1973:. New York: Westview, 2002. pp. 6-8.
1940:Zanzibar: Its History and Its People
1838:Zanzibar, its history and its people
1727:
508:adding citations to reliable sources
479:
2515:United States Virtual Presence Post
2511:"Welcome to VPP Zanzibar, Tanzania"
2419:. Human Rights Watch. 10 April 2002
2376:. Zanzibar House of Representatives
2026:Hamilton, Janice (1 January 2007).
1904:
1155:, eldest son of the second sultan,
1020:(which, also holding sway over the
648:imported from the Zanzibar region.
363:in the African Great Lakes Region.
253:1998 United States embassy bombings
13:
5942:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
3341:
2590:Southern African Political History
2361:One country, two systems: Zanzibar
2090:, New York: Westview, 2002 page 7.
1612:
767:
718:, and a similar ruler, called the
14:
5999:
4366:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin
2756:
2317:Kalley, Schoeman & Andor 1999
1586:, met with CUF secretary-general
1451:Zanzibar House of Representatives
1419:united with Zanzibar to form the
1140:. British rule through a sultan (
5947:Portuguese colonial architecture
5548:North America and North Atlantic
4412:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
4070:
3834:
3123:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2893:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1835:Ingrams, William Harold (1967).
1310:which was, until 1992, run on a
904:Sayyid Thuwaini bin Said al-Said
484:
406:). Another major trade good was
272:
42:
5937:Armorial of Portuguese colonies
2556:
2537:
2503:
2471:
2453:
2431:
2409:
2388:
2366:
2353:
2322:
2273:Freedom in the World – Tanzania
2260:
2247:Freedom in the World – Tanzania
2080:
2068:
2057:
2048:
1907:African American Studies Center
1864:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1464:
896:Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid
791:Zanzibar's Sultanate circa 1875
733:The Yemenis built the earliest
495:needs additional citations for
426:equivalent of the better-known
4800:
2593:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
2461:"karelprinsloo karel prinsloo"
2019:
2005:. Westview Press. p. 38.
1937:Ingrams, W. H. (1 June 1967).
1930:
1898:
1855:
1828:
1813:
1234:DDR-built apartment blocks in
1144:) remained largely unchanged.
745:, the southernmost village in
1:
4967:Portuguese Paliacate outpost
1841:. Routledge. pp. 43–46.
1806:
1571:Violence erupted again after
1267:People's Republic of Zanzibar
906:, became the Sultan of Oman.
730:of their respective peoples.
553:period. A 2005 excavation at
542:Zanzibarians seen in 1685 by
475:
466:People's Republic of Zanzibar
263:COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania
5709:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
5502: • 1938–1941
5479: • 1890–1999
5469: • 1851–1999
5459: • 1864–1999
5359: • 1578–1650
5346: • 1576–1605
5333: • 1522–1575
5258: • 1779–1954
5235: • 1687–1749
5172: • 1598–1610
5162: • 1579–1632
5138: • 1568–1659
5128: • 1559–1961
5115: • 1548–1658
5105: • 1540–1612
5092: • 1536–1662
5079: • 1535–1739
5056: • 1534–1661
5046: • 1534–1601
5036: • 1531–1571
5026: • 1531–1571
5010: • 1528–1666
5000: • 1523–1662
4976: • 1521–1740
4963: • 1518–1619
4930: • 1510–1961
4917: • 1507–1657
4904: • 1502–1661
4882: • 1502–1658
4868: • 1501–1663
4855: • 1500–1663
2465:karelprinsloo karel prinsloo
2363:, Ming Pao Weekly, Sep 2016.
2215:Said, Salma (8 April 2009),
1555:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1518:
1515:
1512:
799:A carved door in Stone Town.
613:Zanzibar (left) in the 1528
460:. A month later, the bloody
7:
5669:South America and Caribbean
3703:Water supply and sanitation
2064:National Geographic article
1909:, Oxford University Press,
1794:
1624:List of Sultans of Zanzibar
1284:National and Grindlays Bank
1200:Independence and revolution
1189:, was educated in Britain.
81:Mumba Cave hunter-gatherers
10:
6004:
5817:Nova Colónia do Sacramento
4896:(Coulão / Kollam)
3967:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué
2580:
1703:Sir Lloyd William Matthews
1696:
1621:
1573:another contested election
1540:
1523:
1506:
1408:
1389:), with references to the
1324:urban redevelopment scheme
1203:
1151:on 25 August 1896 saw the
1118:Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty
1094:British influence and rule
842:
418:an important place in the
394:(a name also used for the
192:Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty
66:Oldowan stone tool culture
5932:
5674:
5663:
5553:
5542:
5295:
5284:
5018:(Porto Grande De Bengala)
4806:
4795:
4511:
4500:
4090:
4079:
4068:
3840:
3829:
3753:
3715:
3603:
3594:
3534:
3525:
3427:
3418:
3361:
3352:
3339:
3258:
3136:
3111:
2830:
2733:10.1017/S0022278X0005285X
2704:10.1080/03086530701337666
2620:10.1017/S0010417500006125
1953:– via Google Books.
1801:Timeline of Zanzibar City
1501:
1498:
1495:
1427:, the United Republic of
880:the island's slave labour
3745:House of Representatives
2878:Central African Republic
2519:U.S. Department of State
2330:Commonwealth Secretariat
1989:Petterson, pages 23-24.
1308:House of Representatives
1288:Peoples Bank of Zanzibar
1138:German South West Africa
420:Indian Ocean slave trade
167:East African slave trade
5848:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
5767: • 1621–1815
5754: • 1578–1607
5741: • 1572–1578
5728: • 1572–1578
5715: • 1549–1572
5702: • 1534–1549
5069: • 1535
4941: • 1512–1525
4609:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
2396:"Elections in Zanzibar"
1247:constitutional monarchy
1077:Sultan Bargash bin Said
993:, and several offshore
902:, while the third son,
722:, was set up among the
458:constitutional monarchy
351:settled in what became
5838:Grão-Pará and Maranhão
5262:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
3683:Persecution of Albinos
3346:
3283:East African Campaign
2675:, New York: Westview.
2447:6 October 2014 at the
1406:
1374:
1242:
1227:
1215:
1109:
938:
911:Richard Francis Burton
840:
832:
824:
816:
800:
792:
695:
629:
618:
546:
544:Alain Manesson Mallet
258:East African Community
5528:invasion by Indonesia
5290:East Asia and Oceania
4462:São Tomé and Príncipe
4235:Portuguese Mozambique
4192:Portuguese Gold Coast
3345:
3301:Sultanate of Zanzibar
3038:São Tomé and Príncipe
2898:Republic of the Congo
2686:Speller, Ian (2007),
2671:Petterson, D. (2002)
2374:"History of the ZHoR"
2221:The Citizen, Tanzania
1999:Lewis, I. M. (1988).
1788:Arthur George Mooring
1455:Revolutionary Council
1380:
1368:
1361:Union with Tanganyika
1342:2010 general election
1316:President of Zanzibar
1304:Revolutionary Council
1233:
1221:
1213:
1103:
933:
838:
831:Zanzibari woman, 1885
830:
822:
806:
798:
790:
714:), emerged among the
693:
624:
612:
541:
315:People have lived in
202:East African Campaign
172:Sultanate of Zanzibar
3306:Zanzibar slave trade
1943:. Psychology Press.
1690:Jamshid bin Abdullah
1684:Abdullah bin Khalifa
1674:(1902–11; abdicated)
1214:The Sultan's Palace.
1066:Zanzibar slave trade
995:Indian Ocean islands
809:Old Fort of Zanzibar
617:by Benedetto Bordone
504:improve this article
416:Zanzibar slave trade
212:Tanganyika Territory
177:Zanzibar slave trade
5988:History of Zanzibar
4181:(São Jorge da Mina)
4032:São João da Mamora
3874:(El Qsar es Seghir)
3328:Uganda–Tanzania War
3313:Zanzibar Revolution
3278:Maji Maji Rebellion
3113:States with limited
2645:Geographical Review
2030:Somalia in Pictures
1782:Henry Steven Potter
1660:Khalid bin Barghash
1618:Sultans of Zanzibar
1508:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
1471:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
1459:Zanzibar Revolution
1411:History of Tanzania
1251:Zanzibar Revolution
1224:Zanzibar Revolution
1206:Zanzibar Revolution
1165:Hamoud bin Mohammed
1036:leased the city to
955:African Great Lakes
948:slavery on Zanzibar
943:Donald K. Petterson
884:Indian subcontinent
839:Zanzibari man, 1880
761:500, i.e. 1107 AD.
753:inscription on its
739:southern hemisphere
628:: View from outside
462:Zanzibar Revolution
337:Indian subcontinent
321:African Great Lakes
279:Tanzania portal
248:Uganda–Tanzania War
233:Zanzibar Revolution
207:British East Africa
197:Maji Maji Rebellion
182:Scramble for Africa
111:History of Zanzibar
58:Pre-colonial period
5894:Portuguese Guiana
5858:Maranhão and Piauí
5506:Lapa and Montanha
5317:Portuguese Malacca
5203:Portuguese Ceylon
5157:(Portuguese India)
4995:(Portuguese India)
4626: •
4085:Sub-Saharan Africa
3658:List of Tanzanians
3572:Telecommunications
3347:
3318:Arusha Declaration
3273:German East Africa
2572:. 6 December 2020.
2549:2016-01-05 at the
2499:, 19 November 2009
2342:on 1 December 2008
2086:Petterson, Donald
1666:Hamud bin Muhammed
1654:Hamad bin Thuwaini
1593:multi-party system
1584:Amani Abeid Karume
1566:Human Rights Watch
1525:Civic United Front
1475:Civic United Front
1433:Abeid Amani Karume
1407:
1375:
1371:Amani Abeid Karume
1334:multi-party system
1263:Abeid Amani Karume
1243:
1228:
1216:
1169:Anglo-Zanzibar War
1161:British government
1157:Barghash ibn Sa'id
1153:Khalid bin Bargash
1149:Hamad bin Thuwaini
1110:
1042:Italian Somaliland
900:Sultan of Zanzibar
855:plantation economy
845:Zanzibar Sultanate
841:
833:
825:
817:
801:
793:
783:Zanzibar Sultanate
696:
630:
619:
605:Early Trade Routes
547:
451:Anglo-Zanzibar War
432:Sultan of Zanzibar
368:Age of Exploration
187:German East Africa
106:Indian Ocean trade
86:Cushitic expansion
76:Laetoli footprints
5975:
5974:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5863:
5862:
5822:
5821:
5789:
5788:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5652:
5644:
5643:
5598:
5597:
5538:
5537:
5521:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5496:Portuguese Macau
5488:
5487:
5441:
5440:
5411:
5410:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5252:Portuguese India
5244:
5243:
5229:Portuguese India
5221:
5220:
5184:
5183:
5147:
5146:
4985:
4984:
4839:
4838:
4829:Laccadive Islands
4791:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4675:
4674:
4496:
4495:
4486:Portuguese Angola
4479:Portuguese Guinea
4455:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4433:Portuguese Guinea
4417:
4416:
4383:
4382:
4338:
4337:
4308:Portuguese Angola
4207:
4206:
4202:Mascarene Islands
4066:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4052:
3949:
3948:
3917:1487–16th century
3823:Portuguese Empire
3789:
3788:
3711:
3710:
3590:
3589:
3521:
3520:
3484:Political parties
3459:Foreign relations
3414:
3413:
3333:COVID-19 pandemic
3214:
3213:
3140:other territories
2913:Equatorial Guinea
2824:History of Africa
2767:by Thomas Burgess
2600:978-0-313-30247-3
2054:Petterson, page 4
2041:978-0-8225-6586-4
2012:978-0-8133-7402-4
1967:Petterson, Donald
1924:978-0-19-530173-1
1728:British residents
1678:Khalifa bin Harub
1642:Khalifah bin Said
1636:Barghash bin Said
1588:Seif Sharif Hamad
1562:
1561:
1163:, which favoured
1050:David Livingstone
920:David Livingstone
777:Portuguese Empire
685:urban development
536:
535:
528:
376:Sultanate of Oman
372:Portuguese Empire
329:Arabian Peninsula
313:
312:
101:Nilotic expansion
5995:
5962:Portuguese India
5910:
5897:
5884:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5772:
5759:
5746:
5733:
5720:
5707:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5678:
5665:
5664:
5619:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5557:
5544:
5543:
5509:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5456:
5455:
5452:Portuguese Macau
5449:
5437:
5436:
5428:Portuguese Timor
5420:
5419:
5417:
5364:
5351:
5338:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5299:
5286:
5285:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5206:
5186:
5185:
5179:
5151:
5150:
5122:
5099:
5086:
5063:
5019:
4989:
4988:
4970:
4956:
4945:
4924:
4911:
4910:(Cochin de Cima)
4897:
4886:
4875:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4848:Portuguese India
4845:
4833:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4810:
4797:
4796:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4631:
4559:
4536:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4515:
4502:
4501:
4443:Portuguese Congo
4426:
4425:
4423:
4402:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4379:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4333:
4321:
4268:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4182:
4169:
4147:
4135:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4094:
4081:
4080:
4074:
4048:
4035:
4022:
4009:
3996:
3995:(Souira Guedima)
3983:
3970:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3934:
3911:
3888:
3875:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3844:
3831:
3830:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3769:
3762:
3601:
3600:
3557:
3532:
3531:
3425:
3424:
3359:
3358:
3286:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3201:
3200:(United Kingdom)
3196:Tristan da Cunha
3192:Ascension Island
3184:
3171:
3162:
3138:Dependencies and
2831:Sovereign states
2817:
2810:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2751:
2714:
2667:
2638:
2603:
2574:
2573:
2569:Associated Press
2560:
2554:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2521:. Archived from
2507:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2457:
2451:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2370:
2364:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2338:, archived from
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2295:, pp. 87–88
2290:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2148:on 2 August 2007
2144:, archived from
2131:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2016:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1832:
1826:
1817:
1480:
1479:
1399:House of Wonders
1312:one-party system
1132:(in what is now
1073:steam locomotive
1018:Geledi Sultanate
957:Coast, known as
823:Stone Town, 1885
626:Kizimkazi Mosque
569:from around the
531:
524:
520:
517:
511:
488:
480:
428:Triangular Trade
382:, with a ruling
325:Somali Peninsula
305:
298:
291:
277:
276:
275:
46:
36:
18:
17:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5924:
5923:
5908:
5895:
5882:
5867:
5824:
5793:
5770:
5757:
5744:
5731:
5718:
5705:
5682:
5670:
5655:
5654:
5617:
5602:
5561:
5549:
5534:
5533:
5522:
5507:
5495:
5490:
5450:
5445:
5430:
5426:
5413:
5362:
5349:
5336:
5303:
5291:
5276:
5275:
5251:
5246:
5228:
5223:
5204:
5178:(Machilipatnam)
5177:
5120:
5097:
5084:
5061:
5050:Salsette Island
5021:
5017:
5016:
4968:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4922:
4909:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4873:
4860:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4814:
4802:
4787:
4786:
4679:
4621:
4557:
4534:
4519:
4507:
4492:
4491:
4488:from the 1920s.
4456:
4419:
4400:
4385:
4375:
4342:
4331:
4317:
4266:
4211:
4180:
4167:
4143:
4131:
4098:
4086:
4075:
4062:
4061:
4046:
4033:
4020:
4007:
3994:
3981:
3968:
3953:
3932:
3909:
3886:
3873:
3872:Alcácer Ceguer
3848:
3836:
3825:
3820:
3790:
3785:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3749:
3707:
3688:Public holidays
3586:
3555:
3517:
3410:
3348:
3337:
3284:
3254:
3245:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3182:
3169:
3160:
3141:
3139:
3132:
3116:
3114:
3107:
2826:
2821:
2759:
2601:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2551:Wayback Machine
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2449:Wayback Machine
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2024:
2020:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1977:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1903:
1899:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1833:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1797:
1770:Vincent Glenday
1752:Richard Rankine
1730:
1699:
1626:
1620:
1615:
1613:Lists of rulers
1484:Political Party
1467:
1413:
1397:(museum of the
1363:
1208:
1202:
1096:
1079:ordered a tiny
847:
785:
770:
768:Portuguese rule
757:bears the date
728:ethnic identity
607:
532:
521:
515:
512:
501:
489:
478:
309:
273:
271:
149:Colonial period
136:Kilwa Sultanate
131:Swahili culture
96:Bantu expansion
34:
27:
12:
11:
5:
6001:
5991:
5990:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5878:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5748:Rio de Janeiro
5742:
5738:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5618:(Newfoundland)
5613:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5572:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5503:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5424:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4950:
4948:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4891:
4889:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4856:
4837:
4836:
4827:
4825:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4535:(Bandar Abbas)
4530:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4465:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4396:
4381:
4380:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3964:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:Stock Exchange
3559:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3506:Prime Minister
3503:
3501:Vice President
3498:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3386:National Parks
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:Western Sahara
3202:
3185:
3172:
3163:
3149:Canary Islands
3145:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2769:
2763:Excerpt from:
2758:
2757:External links
2755:
2754:
2753:
2727:(4): 612–617,
2716:
2683:
2669:
2657:10.2307/215759
2651:(4): 451–464,
2640:
2599:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2555:
2536:
2502:
2484:
2470:
2452:
2430:
2408:
2387:
2365:
2352:
2321:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2259:
2233:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2123:
2111:
2092:
2079:
2067:
2056:
2047:
2040:
2018:
2011:
1991:
1975:
1956:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1897:
1876:10.1086/373516
1870:(4): 289–298.
1854:
1847:
1827:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1790:(1959 to 1963)
1785:
1784:(1955 to 1959)
1779:
1778:(1952 to 1954)
1773:
1772:, 1946 to 1951
1767:
1766:(1940 to 1946)
1761:
1760:(1937 to 1940)
1755:
1754:(1929 to 1937)
1749:
1748:(1923 to 1929)
1743:
1742:(1922 to 1923)
1737:
1736:(1913 to 1922)
1734:Francis Pearce
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:(1906 to 1913)
1721:Francis Barton
1718:
1717:(1906 to 1908)
1712:
1711:(1901 to 1906)
1706:
1705:(1890 to 1901)
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1630:Majid bin Said
1622:Main article:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1537:
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1520:
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1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1473:(CCM) and the
1466:
1463:
1409:Main article:
1362:
1359:
1204:Main article:
1201:
1198:
1114:British Empire
1095:
1092:
1062:United Kingdom
892:principalities
851:Sultan of Oman
843:Main article:
784:
781:
769:
766:
606:
603:
534:
533:
492:
490:
483:
477:
474:
443:British Empire
402:, now part of
311:
310:
308:
307:
300:
293:
285:
282:
281:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
238:Julius Nyerere
235:
230:
222:
221:
220:Modern history
217:
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215:
214:
209:
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199:
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189:
184:
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38:
29:
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21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6000:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5983:
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5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
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5943:
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5931:
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5879:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5818:
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5812:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5775:
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5605:
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5524:
5517:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5434:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5400:
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5390:
5387:
5384:
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5380:
5377:
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5361:
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5357:
5354:
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5341:
5335:
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5328:
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5322:
5321:
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5311:
5308:
5306:
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5300:
5294:
5287:
5283:
5270:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5180:
5176:Masulipatnam
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:Daman and Diu
5130:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5121:(Thoothukudi)
5117:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5098:(Kodungallur)
5094:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5085:(Vasai-Virar)
5081:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4949:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4834:
4832:(Lakshadweep)
4826:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4812:
4811:
4805:
4798:
4794:
4781:
4774:
4773:Bandar-e Kong
4771:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:Dibba Al-Hisn
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4503:
4499:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4166:Fernando Poo
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4089:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4056:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Ethnic groups
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3285:(World War I)
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3206:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:Guinea-Bissau
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2773:Edward Steere
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2614:(1): 87–107,
2613:
2609:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2525:on 2011-02-03
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Seattle Times
2434:
2418:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2375:
2369:
2362:
2356:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2319:, p. 611
2318:
2313:
2307:, p. 104
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2268:Freedom House
2263:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2242:Freedom House
2237:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2205:, p. 616
2204:
2203:Triplett 1971
2199:
2193:, p. 614
2192:
2191:Triplett 1971
2187:
2181:, p. 613
2180:
2179:Triplett 1971
2175:
2169:, p. 453
2168:
2163:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2109:, p. 612
2108:
2107:Triplett 1971
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2060:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2014:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1950:9780714611020
1946:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1848:0-7146-1102-6
1844:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:Henry Pilling
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1746:Alfred Hollis
1744:
1741:
1740:John Sinclair
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:Arthur Raikes
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:Ali bin Hamud
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1526:
1522:
1509:
1505:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1437:Dar es Salaam
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1340:, though the
1339:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Standard Bank
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1240:Zanzibar City
1237:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1212:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:heir apparent
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:The death of
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Caprivi Strip
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:United States
1055:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Dar es Salaam
988:
985:), including
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
949:
944:
937:
932:
929:
924:
921:
917:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
852:
846:
837:
829:
821:
814:
810:
805:
797:
789:
780:
778:
774:
773:Vasco da Gama
765:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
707:
706:
701:
700:intermarrying
692:
688:
686:
682:
681:Zanzibar Town
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:Traders from
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
627:
623:
616:
611:
602:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Swahili Coast
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
545:
540:
530:
527:
519:
509:
505:
499:
498:
493:This section
491:
487:
482:
481:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:Spice Islands
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
357:Swahili Coast
354:
353:Zanzibar City
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
306:
301:
299:
294:
292:
287:
286:
284:
283:
280:
270:
269:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
224:
223:
219:
218:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
148:
147:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
126:Urewe culture
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
71:Olduvai Gorge
69:
67:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
31:
30:
25:
20:
19:
16:
5916:
5869:19th century
5868:
5866:
5826:18th century
5825:
5823:
5795:17th century
5794:
5792:
5684:16th century
5683:
5681:
5647:
5604:16th century
5603:
5601:
5589:
5588:
5575:
5574:
5563:15th century
5562:
5560:
5515:
5492:20th century
5491:
5489:
5447:19th century
5446:
5444:
5415:17th century
5414:
5412:
5305:16th century
5304:
5302:
5268:
5248:18th century
5247:
5245:
5225:17th century
5224:
5222:
4923:(Nagapatnam)
4843:16th century
4842:
4840:
4816:15th century
4815:
4813:
4779:
4681:17th century
4680:
4678:
4650:Tarut Island
4521:16th century
4520:
4518:
4506:Middle East
4472:Anosy Region
4449:
4421:19th century
4420:
4418:
4387:18th century
4386:
4384:
4344:17th century
4343:
4341:
4245:Saint Helena
4213:16th century
4212:
4210:
4100:15th century
4099:
4097:
4054:
3955:16th century
3954:
3952:
3850:15th century
3849:
3847:
3835:North Africa
3724:
3623:Demographics
3544:Central bank
3464:Human rights
3437:Constitution
3291:British rule
3188:Saint Helena
3159:
3063:South Africa
3053:Sierra Leone
2858:Burkina Faso
2776:
2764:
2724:
2720:
2695:
2691:
2672:
2648:
2644:
2611:
2607:
2589:
2567:
2558:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:the original
2514:
2505:
2496:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2439:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2368:
2360:
2359:Simon Shen,
2355:
2344:, retrieved
2340:the original
2334:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2277:, retrieved
2272:
2262:
2251:, retrieved
2246:
2236:
2224:, retrieved
2220:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:, retrieved
2146:the original
2141:The Guardian
2139:
2119:Speller 2007
2114:
2087:
2082:
2070:
2059:
2050:
2029:
2021:
2001:
1994:
1970:
1939:
1932:
1906:
1900:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1815:
1776:John Rankine
1648:Ali bin Said
1600:
1597:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1468:
1465:21st century
1448:
1441:
1414:
1386:
1355:
1346:
1338:vote-rigging
1320:
1300:
1277:
1272:Africa Addio
1270:
1244:
1191:
1146:
1122:protectorate
1111:
1097:
1070:
1046:
1007:
971:Cape Delgado
952:
939:
934:
928:Bantu people
925:
908:
872:Muscat, Oman
848:
771:
763:
754:
732:
719:
709:
703:
697:
667:(especially
661:Persian Gulf
650:
631:
614:
575:
571:Indian Ocean
548:
522:
513:
502:Please help
497:verification
494:
455:
447:protectorate
440:
430:. The Omani
424:Indian Ocean
396:Dutch colony
391:
386:elite and a
365:
314:
162:Omani Empire
110:
15:
5907:Upper Peru
5881:Cisplatina
5639:Nova Scotia
5616:Terra Nova
5205:(Sri Lanka)
5096:Cranganore
4955:(Kozhikode)
4908:Pallipuram
4693:Khor Fakkan
4646:1521?–1551?
4470:A factory (
4008:(El Jadida)
3982:(Essaouira)
3910:(El Jadida)
3740:Archipelago
3539:Agriculture
3468:LGBT rights
3115:recognition
3068:South Sudan
2958:Ivory Coast
2698:(2): 1–35,
2497:The Citizen
2401:15 November
2380:15 November
2346:10 February
2121:, p. 1
1709:A.S. Rogers
1668:(1896–1902)
1632:(1856–1870)
1425:portmanteau
1350:proletariat
1255:John Okello
1128:), and the
1106:Pith helmet
1084:tank engine
1034:Osman Ahmed
1022:Jubba River
967:Congo River
916:Orientalist
868:Seyyid Said
705:Mwenyi Mkuu
567:glass beads
559:radiocarbon
555:Kuumbi Cave
551:Paleolithic
366:During the
33:History of
5635:1516–1579?
5625:1500–1579?
5612:1500–1579?
5483:Ilha Verde
5433:East Timor
5119:Tuticorin
5015:Chittagong
4921:Negapatam
4872:Cannanore
4801:South Asia
4636:1521–1529?
4605:1515–1633?
4481:from 1879.
4464:from 1753.
4356:Ziguinchor
4288:Madagascar
4122:Cape Verde
4021:(Azemmour)
3663:Literature
3643:Healthcare
3556:(currency)
3479:Parliament
3448:High Court
3442:Corruption
3296:Tanganyika
3170:(Portugal)
3128:Somaliland
3048:Seychelles
3013:Mozambique
2998:Mauritania
2983:Madagascar
2938:The Gambia
2873:Cape Verde
2681:0813342686
2305:Kuper 1971
2293:Kuper 1971
2167:Myers 1994
1807:References
1417:Tanganyika
1403:Stone Town
1369:President
1292:Jetha Lila
1236:Michenzani
1178:cease fire
1173:Royal Navy
1136:) part of
1028:region in
975:Mozambique
888:succession
876:Stone Town
673:west India
663:region of
476:Prehistory
412:Tanganyika
380:cash crops
335:, and the
228:Tanganyika
116:Menouthias
5909:(Bolivia)
5890:1809–1817
5883:(Uruguay)
5877:1808–1822
5854:1772–1775
5844:1772–1775
5834:1751–1772
5813:1680–1777
5803:1621–1751
5780:1536–1620
5692:1500–1822
5508:(Hengqin)
5423:1642–1975
5402:1580–1586
5392:1557–1999
5386:Larantuka
5382:1515–1859
5372:1512–1665
5323:1512–1621
5313:1511–1641
5212:1558–1573
5199:1518–1658
5189:1518–1521
5142:Mangalore
4969:(Pulicat)
4887:1659–1661
4824:1498–1545
4759:1624–1648
4709:1621–1622
4666:1588–1648
4656:1550–1551
4615:1521–1602
4585:1515–1650
4565:1515–1648
4552:1515–1622
4542:1507–1643
4529:1506–1615
4439:1885–1974
4429:1879–1974
4408:1753–1975
4401:(Mombasa)
4399:Mombassa
4395:1728–1729
4372:1687–1974
4362:1680–1961
4352:1645–1888
4332:(Mombasa)
4330:Mombassa
4326:1593–1698
4314:1588–1974
4304:1575–1975
4294:1557–1578
4284:1508–1547
4274:1506–1511
4261:1505–1512
4251:1503–1698
4241:1502–1659
4231:1501–1975
4221:1500–1630
4198:1498–1540
4188:1482–1642
4175:1482–1637
4162:1478–1778
4152:1474–1778
4140:1471–1975
4128:1470–1975
4118:1462–1975
4108:1455–1633
4041:1577–1589
4028:1515–1541
4015:1513–1541
4002:1506–1769
3989:1506–1525
3976:1506–1525
3963:1505–1541
3927:1488–1541
3904:1485–1550
3894:1471–1662
3881:1471–1550
3868:1458–1550
3858:1415–1640
3653:Languages
3628:Education
3582:Transport
3554:Shilling
3549:Companies
3489:President
3454:Elections
3401:Volcanoes
3371:Districts
3354:Geography
3003:Mauritius
2787:Q19046291
2749:153484206
2712:159656717
2636:145769109
2529:27 August
2423:27 August
1892:161728895
1758:John Hall
1692:(1963–64)
1686:(1960–63)
1680:(1911–60)
1656:(1893–96)
1650:(1890–93)
1644:(1888–90)
1638:(1870–88)
1607:elections
1461:in 1964.
1444:Hong Kong
1387:mapinduzi
1194:governors
1054:Tippu Tip
1010:Mogadishu
743:Kizimkazi
516:July 2020
404:Indonesia
5982:Category
5807:Maranhão
5784:Barbados
5629:Labrador
5406:Nagasaki
5376:Makassar
5239:Mylapore
5216:Maldives
5193:Maldives
5062:(Mumbai)
5004:Mylapore
4874:(Kannur)
4624:Muharraq
4484:Part of
4477:Part of
4467:Or 1600.
4460:Part of
4255:Zanzibar
4145:Príncipe
4133:São Tomé
4047:(Asilah)
4034:(Mehdya)
4006:Mazagan
3980:Mogador
3969:(Agadir)
3944:Graciosa
3908:Mazagan
3887:(Asilah)
3776:Category
3717:Zanzibar
3693:Religion
3648:HIV/AIDS
3567:Taxation
3474:Military
3446:Courts (
3420:Politics
3406:Wildlife
3268:Timeline
3252:articles
3248:Tanzania
3194: /
3190: /
3183:(France)
3177: /
3155: /
3151: /
3103:Zimbabwe
3078:Tanzania
2928:Ethiopia
2923:Eswatini
2903:Djibouti
2868:Cameroon
2853:Botswana
2783:Wikidata
2775:(1869),
2547:Archived
2445:Archived
2335:Tanzania
2332:(2005),
2270:(2011),
2244:(2008),
2226:14 April
2152:14 April
1795:See also
1489:Election
1429:Tanzania
1329:nepotism
1226:in 2004.
1088:Chukwani
1026:Shebelle
981:(now in
973:(now in
655:(mostly
642:Eshnunna
615:Isolario
470:Tanzania
400:Moluccas
317:Zanzibar
141:Engaruka
91:Luxmanda
52:Timeline
35:Tanzania
24:a series
22:Part of
5896:(Amapá)
5577:Madeira
5463:Coloane
5340:Ternate
5083:Baçaím
5073:Ponnani
5060:Bombay
4952:Calicut
4861:(Kochi)
4859:Cochim
4769:1624?–?
4733:Libedia
4699:1621?–?
4619:Bahrain
4595:1515?–?
4569:Quriyat
4558:(Ormus)
4556:Hormuz
4278:Socotra
4267:(Kilwa)
4265:Quíloa
4225:Malindi
4179:Elmina
4168:(Bioko)
4156:Annobón
4045:Arzila
4019:Azamor
3921:Ouadane
3898:Tangier
3885:Arzila
3760:Outline
3725:History
3618:Culture
3608:Cuisine
3596:Society
3577:Tourism
3527:Economy
3432:Cabinet
3391:Regions
3376:Islands
3260:History
3179:Réunion
3175:Mayotte
3166:Madeira
3161:(Spain)
3157:Melilla
3088:Tunisia
3058:Somalia
3043:Senegal
3028:Nigeria
3018:Namibia
3008:Morocco
2973:Liberia
2968:Lesotho
2918:Eritrea
2888:Comoros
2863:Burundi
2838:Algeria
2581:Sources
2279:5 April
2253:5 April
1697:Viziers
1296:Indians
1259:Ugandan
1253:led by
1134:Namibia
1030:Somalia
1012:in the
999:Germany
987:Mombasa
965:on the
737:in the
724:Tumbatu
677:monsoon
671:), and
659:), the
638:Assyria
594:Tumbatu
563:2800 BC
361:mosques
349:Yemenis
5917:
5774:Brazil
5771:
5761:Brazil
5758:
5745:
5732:
5722:Brazil
5719:
5706:
5696:Brazil
5648:
5591:Azores
5516:
5366:Tidore
5363:
5350:
5337:
5327:Maluku
5269:
5154:
4992:
4944:
4893:Quilon
4885:
4780:
4749:1624–?
4739:1624–?
4729:1623–?
4723:Khasab
4719:1623–?
4703:As Sib
4689:1620–?
4670:Matrah
4628:Manama
4589:Muscat
4579:Qalhat
4575:1515–?
4533:Gamru
4450:
4377:Bissau
4319:Cacheu
4112:Arguim
4055:
3933:(Safi)
3931:Safim
3781:Portal
3735:Unguja
3396:Rivers
3366:Cities
3323:Ujamaa
3250:
3198:
3181:
3168:
3098:Zambia
3093:Uganda
3033:Rwanda
2988:Malawi
2948:Guinea
2843:Angola
2785:
2747:
2741:160218
2739:
2710:
2679:
2665:215759
2663:
2634:
2628:178199
2626:
2597:
2038:
2009:
1947:
1921:
1890:
1884:545490
1882:
1845:
1662:(1896)
1527:(CUF)
1510:(CCM)
1142:vizier
1126:colony
1001:, and
979:Kipini
862:, and
813:Omanis
755:mihrab
747:Unguja
735:mosque
716:Hadimu
669:Shiraz
653:Arabia
590:Hadimu
422:, the
370:, the
345:Omanis
341:Unguja
327:, the
323:, the
243:Ujamaa
121:Rhapta
26:on the
5735:Bahia
5473:Taipa
5396:Macau
5353:Ambon
5166:Hugli
5109:Surat
5040:Chalé
5030:Chaul
4980:Chaul
4753:Madha
4743:Kalba
4713:Qeshm
4660:Qatif
4640:Qatif
4599:Barka
4546:Sohar
4298:Accra
3993:Aguz
3862:Ceuta
3767:Index
3730:Pemba
3698:Sport
3673:Music
3668:Media
3381:Lakes
3153:Ceuta
3073:Sudan
3023:Niger
2978:Libya
2963:Kenya
2943:Ghana
2933:Gabon
2908:Egypt
2848:Benin
2745:S2CID
2737:JSTOR
2708:S2CID
2661:JSTOR
2632:S2CID
2624:JSTOR
1888:S2CID
1880:JSTOR
1542:Total
1502:2005
1499:2000
1496:1995
1491:Year
1383:kanga
1124:(not
1081:0-4-0
1038:Italy
1003:Italy
983:Kenya
977:) to
963:Kindu
874:, to
864:Kilwa
860:Pemba
751:kufic
720:Sheha
711:Jumbe
657:Yemen
646:copal
634:Sumer
598:Bantu
578:Bantu
408:ivory
388:Bantu
5903:1822
5585:1432
5571:1420
4946:1750
3940:1489
3638:Flag
3612:wine
3511:List
3494:List
3083:Togo
2993:Mali
2883:Chad
2677:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2531:2010
2425:2010
2403:2014
2382:2014
2348:2009
2281:2012
2255:2012
2228:2009
2154:2009
2036:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1601:The
1449:The
1395:TANU
1393:and
1306:and
1282:and
1257:, a
1112:The
1024:and
1014:Horn
989:and
959:Zanj
807:The
749:. A
665:Iran
636:and
592:and
436:Zanj
398:the
384:Arab
347:and
333:Iran
4934:Goa
2729:doi
2700:doi
2653:doi
2616:doi
2077:BBC
1911:doi
1872:doi
1536:19
1533:16
1530:24
1519:30
1516:34
1513:26
1391:ASP
1187:Ali
741:in
708:or
506:by
5984::
2743:,
2735:,
2723:,
2706:,
2696:35
2694:,
2690:,
2659:,
2649:84
2647:,
2630:,
2622:,
2612:13
2610:,
2604:.*
2566:.
2517:.
2513:.
2487:^
2463:.
2219:,
2138:,
2126:^
2095:^
1978:^
1969:,
1959:^
1917:,
1886:.
1878:.
1868:50
1866:.
1609:.
1557:50
1552:50
1547:50
1401:,
1381:A
1290:.
1238:,
1185:,
1044:.
894:.
759:AH
582:AD
339:.
331:,
5435:)
5431:(
4630:)
4622:(
3815:e
3808:t
3801:v
3614:)
3610:(
3470:)
3466:(
3450:)
3240:e
3233:t
3226:v
2816:e
2809:t
2802:v
2752:.
2731::
2725:9
2715:.
2702::
2668:.
2655::
2639:.
2618::
2533:.
2481:.
2467:.
2427:.
2405:.
2384:.
2231:.
2157:.
2044:.
2015:.
1913::
1894:.
1874::
1851:.
1405:)
1108:.
529:)
523:(
518:)
514:(
500:.
304:e
297:t
290:v
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