History of literature

2482:, medieval literature focused more and more on faith and faith-related matters, in part because the works written by the Greeks had not been preserved in Europe, and therefore there were few models of classical literature to learn from and move beyond. Although much had been lost to the ravages of time (and to catastrophe, as in the burning of the Library of Alexandria), many Greek works remained extant: they were preserved and copied carefully by Muslim scribes. What little there was became changed and distorted, with new forms beginning to develop from the distortions. Some of these distorted beginnings of new styles can be seen in the literature generally described as 3351: 1178: 451: 2739: 1979: 4659: 2313: 1540: 1454:, and many elements of Sumerian literature were adopted in Akkadian literature. Many works of Akkadian literature were commissioned by kings that had scribes and scholars in their service. Some of these works served to celebrate the king or the divine, while others recorded information for religious practices or medicine. Poetry, proverbs, folktales, love lyrics, and accounts of disputes were all incorporated into Akkadian literature. 1383: 4148: 3118:, song, and rhapsody. The style of prose was not initially developed during the Tang dynasty. Parallel prose remained popular in the early Tang dynasty, though writers such as Li Bai moved away from strict form that was common at the time. Han Yu promoted the use of classical prose in the style of ancient Confucisionist works. Printing began in Tang dynasty China. A copy of the 3017: 1516:, the popularity of wisdom literature and educational works persisted, though the use of teachings and stories was prioritized over the use of discourses. Entertainment literature was popular among the nobility during this period, incorporating aspects of narrative myth and folklore, religious hymns, love songs, and praise for the king and the city. 6583: 5040:

Latin American literature diverged from European literature and began as its own literary tradition at the start of the 19th century. The primary change was in the subject matter and theme of the literature, while the form remained relatively European. It began with an individualist trend associated

3501:

was written in the 12th century, compiling roughly one thousand stories from different walks of life in Japan, China, and India. Japanese literature expanded beyond the aristocracy in the 13th century and became increasingly accessible to lower classes, often through the narration of religious texts

1761:

Centralism declined during the Six Dynasties period, and Confucianism lost influence as a predominating ideology. This caused the rise of many local traditions of philosophical literature, including that of Taoist and Buddhist ideas. Prose fiction during the Wei and Jin dynasties consisted mainly of

3170:

poetry that followed canonical literary forms and was used by scholars. Political pressures heavily influenced the poetry of scholars in the Northern Song, as proficiency in older styles was a requirement for scholars to enter into civil service. Politics and Confucianism in particular increasingly

1480:. These autobiographies were written to exemplify the virtues of their subjects and often incorporated a free flow style that blended prose and poetry. Kings were not written about beyond clerical recordings, but poetry was performed during the funerals of kings as part of a religious ritual. The 6091:

Altogether, the known Phoenician texts number nearly seven thousand. The majority of these were collected in three volumes constituting the first part of the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS), begun in 1867 under the editorial direction of the famous French scholar Ernest Renan (1823–1892),

2577:

languages proliferated during the 13th century as those who were not educated in Latin sought religious literature that they could understand. Women in particular were not permitted to learn Latin, and an extensive body of religious literature in many languages was written by women at this time.

3695:

encompassed much of European culture during the early modern period. This period saw a renewed interested in the classical works of Ancient Greece and Rome and a proliferation of artistic and scientific achievement. Literature, as with most forms of art in the early modern period, was financed

3627:

was closely related to oral tradition in which writing guided memorized passages that were often performed. It was highly symbolic and incorporated heavy use of wordplay. Metaphor and imagery involving the natural world was also common. Mayan literature was often religious in nature, including

1712:

were written at this time, though how they came about is the subject of debate. Poetry during this period abandoned tetrasyllabic verse in favor of pentasyllabic verse. The ballads of Chu spread through China and became widely popular, often focusing on concepts of inevitable destiny and fate.

2576:

in medieval Europe. Though it was also spoken, it was primarily learned and expressed through literature, and scientific literature was typically written in Latin. Christianity became increasingly prominent in medieval European literature, also written in Latin. Religious literature in other

5190:

was popular among adherents to typical Chinese poetry, styled after that of the Song dynasty. Chivalrous novels telling the tales of folk heroes, political novels that were critical of the falling Qing government, and genre fiction all became popular in the final years of the Qing dynasty.

1499:

as autobiographies became more intricate. The role of the king in literature expanded during this period; royal testaments were written from the perspective of the king to his successor, and celebrations of the king and advocacy of strong leadership were included in autobiographies and

3328:, first appeared in the Yuan dynasty. Poetry in the Yuan dynasty remained the primary form of expression for classical writers, though the Song tradition of intellectual poetry was replaced by poetry that expressed strong emotion. Northern Yuan poetry was influenced by the works of 3446:

were early prose works from the 10th century that realistically portrayed the lives of the aristocracy, and the former is sometimes considered to be the first full-length novel. At the same time, women of the aristocracy began keeping diaries that followed aristocratic life.

1930:

developed over roughly a millennium, with the oldest texts originating from about the eleventh or tenth centuries BCE. They are edited works, being collections of various sources intricately and carefully woven together. The Old Testament was compiled and edited by

1618:, one of the Six Classics, is the oldest existing anthology of Chinese poetry. It comprises 305 works by anonymous authors dating from the 12th to 7th centuries BC. Prior to the collection of these works, poetic tradition in Ancient China was primarily oral. The 7489: 2769:. The epic took form in the 10th century and reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. This epic has been influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by 3218:

Popular fiction was typically performed in the Song dynasty, made up primarily of small talk fiction and historical tales. Classical prose fiction in the Song dynasty often sacrificed linguistic quality and imagination for plain language and moral teaching.

4989:

was a prominent figure in early Canadian poetry, having published the first Canadian poetry anthology in 1864. He identified the formation of a Canadian literary body as a part of a conflict between colonial origins and a distinct Canadian identity.

6746:, Abrams, 1983, p. 27: "his tremendous poem, still after six and a half centuries the supreme work of Italian literature, remains – after the legacy of ancient Rome – the grandest single element in the Italian heritage;" and Robert Reinhold Ergang, 3899:

William Shakespeare was a famed playwright in the late-16th and early-17th centuries, and he is generally recognized as the greatest author in the English language. He is known for his comedies, his dramas, and his histories, as well as his use of

3105:

Fictional narrative became prominent in the Tang dynasty, written with looser restrictions on form and length. Fiction in the mid-Tang period focused primarily on social commentary and romantic love, and notable authors during this time included

1412:. Humans, gods, talking animals, and inanimate objects were all incorporated as characters. Suspense and humor were both incorporated into Sumerian stories. These stories were primarily shared orally, though they were also recorded by 4709:

is credited with establishing American feminism through her essays and poetry. The United States quickly achieved widespread literacy in the early-19th century, and many authors made fiction-writing their primary source of income.

4164:

in the beginning of the 16th century. By this time, urban areas were highly literate, assisted by the availability of paper in China. Written works were divided into four categories, including classics, histories, philosophy, and

1730:

was an essayist known for treatises that were meticulous rather than emotional. Confucianism continued to dictate philosophical works, though a movement of works criticizing contemporary application of Confucianism began with

1635:

Historical documents developed into an early form of literature during the Warring States period, as documentation was combined with narrative and sometimes with legendary accounts of history. Two of the Six Classics, the

5053:, and he is credited for popularizing Romanticism in the region. The balance of national and continental literary identities was a major issue in early Latin American literature, particularly within the Spanish language. 4266:, was a response to the Gong'an School that accepted the concept of "natural sensibility" but rejected the carefree style of Gong'an poetry. Novels became more common in the Late Ming period as book publishers emerged. 3708:. Religious literature in particular was affected by the printing press, as churches funded and involved themselves in the printing process. Literary criticism also developed as literary works became more accessible. 7453: 5244:

supported these shifts in literary tradition to challenge imperial institutions, and these works typically supported humanism and individualism. A refutation of individualism emerged in response at the onset of the

1560:, Chinese culture emphasized the community over the individual, discouraging mythological stories of great personages and characterization of the divine. Mythological literature was more common in the southern 3047:

dynasties, literature was supported by the various emperors, who commissioned many works and wrote some of their own. Poetry in this period followed the Palace Style until it diverged with the work of the

3453:

was the next major prose work in Japan, written in the 11th century. Its use of realism and romantic idealization inspired later works of Heian period prose fiction, including historical works such as

6750:, Van Nostrand, 1967, p. 103: "Many literary historians regard the Divine Comedy as the greatest work of Italian literature. In world literature it is ranked as an epic poem of the highest order." 4577:, perhaps the most famous novelist in the history of English literature, was active during this time and contributed to the novel's emergence as the leading literary genre of Victorian England. 4193:

stories, and it was one of the few works that maintained influence despite the suppression of literature. Variety plays were the most common type of drama in the Early Ming period, and Prince

2160:

is recognized as the originator of literature in the Latin language, and due to Rome's influence, the development of Latin literature often extended beyond the traditional boundaries of Rome.

1782:

developed from the literary tradition of Eastern Han, incorporating idiosyncrasies and strong demonstrations of emotion to express individualism. This movement was led by then-ruler of China

3612:

were divine hymns that were sung to praise the gods, while other Nahuatl poetry was sung in celebration of life and friendship, to honor warriors, or to pose philosophical questions. King

4985:, came about in the early-19th century with an emphasis on day-to-day experiences rather than grand narrative. Nature featured prominently in Canadian literature by the mid-19th century. 3773:

removed the Earth from its privileged position in the universe, which had far-reaching effects, not only in science, but in literature and its approach to humanity, hierarchy, and truth.

3369:

were eighth century records that were typically written in Chinese and documented both historical and mythological stories. Folk ballads were also common, including those recorded in the

1317:

is recognized as the pinnacle of ancient literature. These works are long narrative poems that recount the feats of mythic heroes, often said to take place in the nation's early history.

1206: 5109:. Song lyrics also reemerged as a popular poetic form as literary critics viewed the individual aria as unrefined. Heroic fiction was adapted to popular novels in the Early Qing period. 2558:

into a kind of science, in part because he was heavily influenced by Aristotle, whose works were returning to Europe in the 13th century. Playwriting essentially ceased, except for the

1794:

were influential poets in the Wei dynasty mid-3rd century, addressing political and philosophical concerns directly in their poetry. Chinese poetry developed significantly during the

5857: 6092:

continued by J.-B. Chabot and concluded in 1962 by James G. Février. The CIS corpus includes 176 "Phoenician" inscriptions and 5982 "Punic" inscriptions (see below on these labels).

4324:

Wood block printing became popular in the 17th century, and over a thousand books were sold annually by 1670. By the 17th century, increasing social divisions separated drama, with

2052:, the god of theater and wine. Greek plays came to be associated with "elaborate costumes, complex choreography, scenic architecture, and the mask". They were often structured as a 5045:

movements that were developing at the time. Within this movement developed the individual literature of each Latin American country as they formed their own national identities.

1313:

while also entertaining listeners. Myth can be expanded to include all use of patterns and stories to make sense of the world, and it may be psychologically intrinsic to humans.

3700:

by nobles. Fiction writing was not considered a profession in its own right and was typically undertaken by those who already possessed independent wealth. The invention of the

1596:, and they became the central texts by which other works were compared in Chinese literary scholarship. Confucianism dominated literary tastes in Ancient China starting in the 2714:

was published in 1351, and it influenced European literature over the following centuries. Its framing device of ten individuals each telling ten stories introduced the term

2435:

also emerged in the early historic period dating from 300 BC to 300 AD, and is the earliest secular literature of India, mainly dealing with themes such as love and war. The

5186:, though theatrical performances remained common entertainment for the public. In the Late Qing period, Western culture was a significant influence on Chinese society. The 5105: 1716:

Political and argumentative literature by government officials dominated Chinese prose during this period, though even these works often engaged in lyricism and metaphor.

1632:

was developed during the Zhou dynasty, establishing a governmental role for the collection of musical works and folk songs that would persist throughout Chinese history.

1400:. Types of literature were not clearly defined, and all Sumerian literature incorporated poetic aspects. Sumerian poems demonstrate basic elements of poetry, including 4283: 4197:

was the most influential playwright of the time. A literary revival took place in the Middle Ming period. The revival of poetry was led by literary groups such as the

3205:

was a Middle Southern Song poet that wrote on similar topics from a military perspective. Poetic style did not advance significantly in the Late Southern Song, though

1556:

played a notable role in the earliest Chinese literature, though it was less prominent compared to mythological literature in other civilizations. By the time of the

1762:

supernatural folklore, including those presented as historical. This tradition of supernatural fiction continued during the Northern and Southern dynasties with the

8251:

Gonzalez Echevarria, Roberto (1996). "A brief history of the history of Spanish American Literature". In Gonzalez Echvarria, Roberto; Pupo-Walker, Enrique (eds.).

4198: 1199: 6396: 4937:

sought to find a future identity for the United States. Counter-movements emerged in response to modernism, including traditionalism in the South and populism in

4202: 3060:

are recognized among the great poets of High Tang. Landscape poetry and frontier poetry were both influential during the Tang dynasty. Tang poetry also included

5010:. Victorian poetry remained prominent in Canada through the early-20th century, though international modernist movements such as Imagism gained influence after 3197:

was a poet in the Middle Southern Song that wrote extensively about political life in civil service and frustration with the dynasty's weakened position in the

1845:, and literature as art began to be recognized as distinct from political and philosophical literature. This resulted in the growth of literary criticism, with 3628:

information on religious practices, divination, and the gods. Much of this literature was later condemned as heretical and destroyed by Christian priests. The

3467: 2937:

Later Jewish poets in Spain, Provençal, and Italy wrote both religious and secular poems in Hebrew; particularly prominent poets were the Spanish Jewish poets

479: 5103:

led poetry trends in the Early Qing period through the expression of sentimentality through imagery and prosody rather than vocabulary, particularly with his

2026:. Notable writers of religious literature also held similar prominence at the time, but these works have since been lost. Notable among later Greek poets was 6885: 5100: 4251: 3704:

in the mid-15th century revolutionized European literature. The production of printed books allowed for more uniformity in literary works and the spread of

2680:

was largely ignored by the literary world during and a while after its publication, it gained further acclaim in the English-speaking world after British

2474:

After the fall of Rome (in roughly 476), many of the literary approaches and styles invented by the Greeks and Romans fell out of favor in Europe. In the

4247: 3128:

text, found sealed in a cave in China in the early 20th century, is the oldest known dated printed book, with a printed date of 868. The method used was

1192: 4347: 5187: 4206: 3870:, seeking to imitate the classical tastes of Ancient Greece and Rome. Augustan critics condemned metaphysical poetry for its frivolity and subversion. 1826:

were poets in later Western Jin. In Eastern Jin, philosophical poetry went through a period of abstraction that removed much of its literary elements.

6218:

Most estimates place it at around ten thousand texts. Texts that are either formulaic or extremely short constitute the vast majority of the evidence.

2225:. As the Roman Empire grew, Latin literature increasingly came from Spain and Northern Africa. Historical works of the early empire included the epic 6318: 5529: 4255: 2638:

is a narrative poem that is regarded as a preeminent work in Italian literature. It follows Dante's journey into three different realms of the dead,

3066:, a type of lyric poetry. Chinese poetry increased focus on politics, human suffering, and realism in the mid-Tang dynasty, such as in the works of 5636: 4303: 4298:. Dramas became more common in the Late Ming period as it became fashionable for the aristocracy to entertain guests with private theater troupes. 3385:

poetry became increasingly important in the Heian period as it became a necessary skill for the aristocracy in both social and courtship settings.

4816:

in the early-19th century was in conflict between retaining traditional elements and incorporating elements of contemporary American literature.

4677: 2926: 163: 3215:

was influential in poetic theory. Classical poetry in the Early Jin emphasized emotion, while elegance was emphasized later in the Jin dynasty.

3590:, though most surviving codices of pre-Columbian literature were written in the Latin alphabet to preserve oral tradition after colonization. 1865:

saw little cultural growth due to their instability, and Northern literature of this time was typically influenced by the Southern dynasties.

4217:

became an influential poet and prose writer after his death for his use of authenticity and his rejection of the preceding literary schools.

3176: 3032: 2990: 7546: 3110:

and Yuan Zhen. Collections of stories became more common in the Late Tang period, particularly those of chivalrous tales by authors such as

5849: 4194: 2542: 1847: 1767: 4861:

A movement of backlash against small-town and middle-class values emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, including authors such as

3812:

performers improvised in the streets of Italy and France. Some Commedia dell'arte plays were written down. Both the written plays and the

3759:

and used it to catalog his life and ideas. Perhaps the most controversial and important work of the time period was a treatise printed in

4714:

set precedent for comic literature and short stories, and he established the Knickerbocker School that wrote affectionately of New York.

4307: 4177:, and writers that did not comply with his rule were executed, beginning a decline in Chinese literature in the 14th and 15th centuries. 3107: 6247: 3111: 472: 6848: 3892:

and the restoration of the British monarchy. Under the restored monarchy, the arts were freer than they had been previously, and King

3723:

became established as a form there first had to be a transitional stage when "novelty" began to appear in the style of the epic poem.

4013:

in five parts throughout the mid-16th century. It was an early influence of the novel, using an informal style and subversive humor.

2526:

emphasis on scientific investigation and the preservation of the Greek philosophical writings would also affect European literature.

2112:

was the first person in recorded history to engage in Western philosophy. The Ancient Greek philosophical literature was advanced by

1648:, are historical documents. The latter inspired works of historical commentary that became a genre in their own right, including the 3289:

was developed as a genre of play at the same time, reflecting the unique political life of the Yuan dynasty in which civil service,

4790:

contributed to transcendentalist literature. Many works were written on the topic of slavery in the early United States, including

4242:

In the Late Ming period, literature increasingly focused on the role of individuals within a society, beginning with the works of

1309:, allowing early humans to share information with one another. Early storytelling provided opportunity to learn about dangers and 6296:, page 50: "With many other scholars, I conclude that the fixing of a canonical list was almost certainly the achievement of the 6129: 5158:

that emphasized direct language and emotional appeal over style. Performing arts of the Middle Qing period included the northern

2753: 1772: 1702:

diverged as several branches developed, including short length, paralleled exposition, rhymed exposition, and ancient style, and

2962: 1476:. Lists of offerings to the gods were rewritten as prayers, and statistical information about state officials was expanded into 6856: 5772:

Wang, C. H. (2000). "The Book of Songs: The Earliest Anthology of Chinese Poetry". In Minford, John; Lau, Joseph S. M. (eds.).

2330: 5448:

Sugiyama, Michelle Scalise (2017). "Literary Prehistory: The Origins and Psychology of Storytelling". In Evans, Robert (ed.).

1741:. Prose literature meant for entertainment also developed during this period. Historical literature was revolutionized by the 1612:

were common in Ancient China, and anthologizing was used as a means of literary criticism to determine literary classics. The

8443: 7716: 7606: 7532: 6700: 6390: 6363: 6277: 6211: 6184: 5666: 5622: 5584: 5559: 5091:

saw the return of prose literature as a vehicle primarily for Confucian teaching, and individualist literature declined. The

5042: 4855: 4346:. Writers typically dedicated themselves to the government, to a specific clan, to the commons, or to a reclusive lifestyle. 3313:

was a common type of poetry in the Yuan dynasty that was used both as a standalone work and part of the structure of a play.

1936: 465: 8449: 7612: 6706: 2546:—and others continue the faith-based historical tradition begun by Eusebius in the early 4th century. Between Augustine and 6441: 1336:

about 650 BC. Literature was not initially incorporated in writing, as it was primarily used for simpler purposes, such as

5115: 3765: 2946: 2684:

poet William Blake and other 19th century Romanticist writers "rediscovered" the poem, influencing later writers such as

2365:

Knowledge traditions in India handed down philosophical gleanings and theological concepts through the two traditions of

4730:

was highly influential in fiction writing, poetry, and essays, and he is particularly credited for his contributions to

3776:

Plays for entertainment (as opposed to religious enlightenment) returned to Europe's stages in the early modern period.

6380: 4246:. Chinese philosophy developed humanist elements that challenged subservience to community and imperial hierarchy. The 3816:

were influential upon literature of the time, particularly upon the work of Molière. Shakespeare drew upon the arts of

2169: 1904: 1878: 276: 4173:

and folk songs were common, often performed by entertainers. Literature was suppressed by the Ming dynasty's founding

221: 8586: 8567: 8548: 8520: 8501: 8482: 8260: 7579: 6835: 6815: 6789: 6241: 6115: 5781: 5496: 5457: 5195: 4809: 2352: 1585: 6805: 6104:

Parker, Heather Dana Davis; Rollston, Christopher A. (2019). "9". In Hamidović, D.; Clivaz, C.; Savant, S. (eds.).

4272:

is recognized as a great novel of the Late Ming period and the first novel to follow day-to-day life of commoners.

3479: 1628:. These poems were written as rhapsodies that were meant to be recited with a specific tone rather than sung. The 6668: 6141:

Of course, Donner and Röllig's three-volume handbook entitled KAI has been the gold standard for five decades now

4294: 4254:, produced literature of "natural sensibility" that favored delight and simplicity over reason and ambition. The 3780:

is the most notable of the early modern playwrights, but numerous others made important contributions, including

3225:

variety plays developed during the Song dynasty as a predecessor to drama. The scientist, statesman, and general

3049: 1932: 1791: 517: 5170:

strummed lyric, the latter of which was often written by women poets. Novels of the Middle Qing period included

3978:

style, and the original edition was marketed as a true autobiography without any mention of Defoe as an author.

3491: 2014:

is credited with developing a literary tradition of poetry derived from catalogues and genealogies, such as the

8617: 6079: 5428: 5150: 4830: 4664: 3820:

and strolling players in creating new style comedies. All the parts, even the female ones, were played by men (

3345: 3255: 2950: 2334: 1743: 1151: 5485:

Schmandt-Besserat, Denise; Erard, Michael (2008). "Origins and Forms of Writing". In Bazerman, Charles (ed.).

3183:

was a prominent literary scholar in Northern Song that refined the mainstream literary style of the time, and

306: 4969: 4229: 3318: 3271:

and made up much of the era's fictional works. Variety plays were influential in the Early Yuan period, with

2954: 2550:, religious authors had numerous aspects of Christianity that needed further explication and interpretation. 2420: 3793: 1907:(or "Northwest Semitic inscriptions") are the primary extra-Biblical source for the writings of the ancient 1263:) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above. 97: 7595:

Dondi, Cristina (2013). "The European Printing Revolution". In Suarez, F. J. F.; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).

5096: 4942: 3373:

and musical ballads. These ballads were written to be chanted and often had a syllabic structure, with the

3141: 2885: 115: 6310: 5521: 4780:

was refused to publish her poetry during her lifetime, but her works of this period were later acclaimed.

251: 246: 236: 4994:

led the French Canadian literature movement in the 1860s. Notable Canadian poets of this period included

4408: 4106: 3250: 2889: 2744: 1884: 1489: 1463: 1146: 1088: 573: 62: 19: 5604: 2124:, Plato's student, wrote dozens of works on many scientific disciplines. Aristotle also developed early 5413: 5335: 5237: 5215: 5092: 4999: 4813: 4480: 4476: 3675: 3671: 3667: 1770:. Another genre of prose was collections of short biographical or anecdotal impressions, of which only 1747:, the first general history of ancient times and the largest work of literature to that point in time. 1581: 1141: 439: 434: 415: 410: 394: 389: 384: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 266: 92: 8622: 5035: 3922: 3649: 3613: 3235:(1088), a large book of scientific literature that included the oldest description of the magnetized 2460: 2037: 1795: 1438:, from the third to first millennia BC. During this time, it spread to other areas, including Egypt, 1358: 1052: 957: 802: 686: 326: 187: 6159: 3279:, as the cultural center of variety plays. As the 14th century began, variety play writers moved to 2692:. The narrative reflects the medieval philosophy of the afterlife as it existed in the 14th century 2188:, political commentary declined and prose went out of favor to be replaced by poetry. Poets such as 5182:, both of which eschewed popular taste in favor of philosophy. Drama went out of fashion among the 5178: 5015: 4982: 4906: 4839: 4050:

was the starting point of what would become the European Renaissance over the following centuries.

4005: 3747: 3206: 2829: 2589:, which is not mutually intelligible with modern English. Works of this time include the epic poem 2101: 1973: 1644: 1529: 1116: 123: 87: 4392:

was a major collection of poems produced in the 1440s. Korean vernacular fiction was developed by

3826:) but that would change, first in France and then in England too, by the end of the 17th century. 3497: 158: 153: 54: 7514: 5550:

Black, Jeremy; Cunningham, Graham; Robson, Eleanor; Zólyomi, Gábor (2004-11-25). "Introduction".

5329: 5203: 4821: 4604: 4566: 4523: 4472: 3889: 3661: 3581: 3394:

is the oldest collection of Japanese poetry, written in Japanese with Chinese characters through

3149: 2323: 2273: 1496: 1342: 424: 374: 128: 6742:, 2006, Vol. 30. p. 605: "the greatest single work of Italian literature;" John Julius Norwich, 4889:. American poetry expanded significantly during the 20th century, introducing or incorporating 4843: 4218: 3880:

to create an English Christian epic that rivaled those of Homer and Virgil. During the rule of

3530:

was written by professional writers under the patronage of the court, temples, or local lords.

3485: 2479: 1799: 1624:

anthology is a volume of poems from the Warring States period written in Chu and attributed to

1473: 868: 713: 522: 261: 4929:

analyzed their own places in American society through modernist novels, while authors such as

4310:

was responsible for expanding upon drama as an artform with emphasis on its musical elements.

3640:

are the only surviving pre-Columbian Mayan codices. Notable surviving Mayan texts include the

3568: 3043:, with Yang moving away from the dominant traditions of Southern poetry. In the Sui and early 1420:

or contexts and may have been performed in specific settings. Sumerian literature did not use

6231: 6174: 5714: 5368: 5345: 5296: 5288: 4986: 4835: 4797: 4763: 4715: 4706: 4697: 4581: 4538:

retrospectively appeared as a "golden age" of European culture, cut short by the outbreak of

4499: 4435: 4188: 3987: 3893: 3809: 3504: 2786: 2236: 1823: 1803: 1790:

consisted of ensemble songs published through the Music Bureau and performed with music. The

1597: 1037: 941: 931: 863: 624: 271: 206: 5202:. Chinese literature broke away from classical tradition and literary restrictions with the 2204:

are recognized as bringing about the Golden Age of Latin literature. Virgil's epic poem the

1943:

was an additional collection of books that supplemented the Hebrew Bible, consisting of the

5423: 5348:

was written from roughly 1945 to 1980. Popular literature developed its own genres such as

5284: 5171: 5110: 4902: 4886: 4882: 4792: 4543: 4491: 4431: 4243: 4210: 3953: 3945: 2925:

in Hebrew flourished in Palestine in the seventh and eighth centuries with the writings of

2609: 2264: 2117: 1756: 1513: 1469: 1166: 1017: 982: 910: 826: 816: 811: 286: 211: 82: 72: 43: 4600: 4010: 3742: 3350: 2504:

began the tradition of allegorical tales. Poetry flourished, however, in the hands of the

2259:

was written in the later Empire and is possibly the world's oldest novel. The adoption of

8: 6877: 5262: 5241: 5233: 5007: 4978: 4974: 4962: 4918: 4787: 4739: 4672: 4653: 4641: 4319: 4235: 4153: 4098: 4075: 4047: 4021: 4017: 3913: 3863: 3801: 3777: 3770: 3752: 3716: 3637: 3617: 3442: 3429: 3341: 2938: 2464: 2302: 2134: 1896: 1892: 1680:

was an influential book on military strategy that is still referenced in the modern era.

1427: 1393: 1111: 1095: 1083: 1012: 997: 987: 972: 900: 854: 841: 793: 788: 783: 708: 671: 619: 335: 321: 256: 231: 226: 201: 173: 102: 67: 6605: 5609:. Vol. I: The Old and Middle Kingdoms. University of California Press. 2019-05-07. 2389:

are the earliest philosophical writings in Indian history, although linguistic works on

7538: 7513:

O'Connell, Joanna (1994). "Pre-Columbian Literatures". In Foster, David William (ed.).

7481: 6800: 6660: 6147: 6121: 5742: 5628: 5418: 5398: 5357: 5349: 5318: 5078: 5062: 4938: 4801: 4770:

is celebrated as defining the essence of America in his day with his poetry collection

4744: 4705:

was the first American novel, written in a realistic style with a clear moral message.

4702: 4558: 4461: 4138: 4122: 4110: 4087: 4041: 3855: 3835: 3732: 3686: 3246: 3006: 2879: 2801: 2797: 2733: 2711: 2673: 2294: 2268: 2218: 2125: 2105: 1991: 1862: 1842: 1708: 1421: 1417: 1364: 1321: 1272: 1244: 1156: 1121: 1065: 1022: 1007: 992: 926: 895: 836: 821: 658: 649: 639: 634: 614: 527: 316: 241: 39: 8475:

A History of European Literature: The West and the World from Antiquity to the Present

6523: 6125: 6105: 4991: 4101:

was published in the early-17th century and is recognized as an early novel. It was a

3363:

Japanese literature first diverged from Chinese literature around the eighth century.

281: 8582: 8563: 8544: 8516: 8497: 8478: 8439: 8256: 7712: 7602: 7575: 7542: 7528: 7485: 7473: 6831: 6811: 6785: 6696: 6652: 6386: 6359: 6297: 6273: 6237: 6207: 6180: 6111: 5777: 5746: 5734: 5662: 5632: 5618: 5580: 5555: 5502: 5492: 5453: 5408: 5374: 5307: 5273: 5246: 5019: 5003: 4977:

was a significant influence on Canadian literature in the 18th and 19th centuries as

4950: 4874: 4851: 4783: 4723: 4711: 4596: 4450: 4398: 4359: 3999: 3846: 3449: 3436: 3390: 3356: 3231: 3198: 3153: 2974: 2904: 2900: 2782: 2596: 2573: 2491: 2432: 2298: 2290: 2157: 2109: 1787: 1779: 1722: 1638: 1614: 1553: 1485: 1451: 1447: 1387: 1370: 1182: 1042: 1032: 1027: 977: 962: 905: 759: 734: 701: 644: 629: 455: 311: 216: 196: 178: 168: 3966:

is considered to be the first modern English novel, written as a celebration of the

3912:. Shakespeare's historical plays ignored historical accuracy and often contemplated 3844:, focus on England itself appeared in English literature. This tradition began with 2827:

culture the book which would, eventually, become the most famous in the west is the

1935:

over a period of centuries, with many scholars concluding that the Hebrew canon was

7520: 7465: 6644: 6531: 5726: 5610: 5393: 5250: 5145: 5050: 4995: 4926: 4922: 4914: 4890: 4878: 4877:. Civil rights literature of the early-20th century was written by authors such as 4862: 4817: 4682: 4519: 4416:

to reflect historical and philosophical changes of the time using dream structure.

4102: 4025: 3949: 3785: 3562: 3424: 3295: 3070:. Chinese poetry diverged into two schools in the early-9th century; poets such as 2981: 2701: 2660: 2604: 2510: 2487: 2286: 2240: 2147: 1858: 1525: 1348: 1298: 1161: 1002: 967: 877: 831: 754: 696: 681: 676: 537: 301: 148: 143: 8255:. Vol. 1: Discovery to Modernism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–32. 5144:

became popular among prose writers in the Middle Qing period in opposition to the

4534: 3940:, both published in the 1680s. Bunyan introduced into English literature ideas of 3406: 3396: 3283:, though variety plays declined and they did not achieve the same prominence. The 8433: 7706: 7596: 6690: 6556: 6201: 5488:

Handbook of research on writing : history, society, school, individual, text

5403: 5360:, these genres develop their own establishments and critical awards, such as the 5353: 5292: 5199: 4946: 4786:

evolved as a philosophical school in the early-19th century, and authors such as

4777: 4772: 4753: 4735: 4727: 4612: 4585: 4574: 4554: 4439: 4388: 4179: 3967: 3958: 3881: 3822: 3624: 3455: 3284: 3211: 3114:. Popular literature of the time included transformation text, vernacular story, 2930: 2851: 2820: 2770: 2640: 2627: 2444: 2222: 2214: 2173: 2165: 2129: 1912: 1900: 1866: 1811: 1571: 1278: 1047: 936: 594: 532: 291: 133: 77: 6433: 5046: 4528: 2838: 1670:

is considered to be the first large scale narrative work in Chinese literature.

8432:

Mian, Xie (2015-12-09). "Introduction: A Centenary of New Chinese Literature".

6535: 5845: 5388: 4934: 4870: 4805: 4731: 4589: 4174: 4166: 3979: 3975: 3867: 3851: 3701: 3473: 3428:

is a collection of loosely connected poems and narratives based on the life of

3241: 3129: 3053: 2834: 2824: 2762: 2697: 2693: 2551: 2533: 2483: 2440: 2251: 2164:

was an influential playwright known for his comedies that emphasized humor and

2153: 2085: 1815: 1672: 1656: 1282: 1260: 739: 691: 107: 7469: 6110:. Vol. 3. Alessandra Marguerat. LEIDEN; BOSTON: Brill. pp. 189–216. 5730: 5614: 4834:. Regionalism developed in which different literary traditions evolved in the 3239:. During the Song dynasty, there was also the enormous historical work of the 3061: 2945:. In addition to poetry and fiction, medieval Jewish literature also includes 8611: 7477: 6656: 5738: 5506: 5183: 5138:

each formed new trends in poetry in opposition to the style of Wang Shizhen.

5131: 4866: 4550: 4503: 4381: 4279: 4020:(Great Century). The most famous French authors, beside playwrights, include 3983: 3941: 3876: 3813: 3629: 3556:

poetry, and they often incorporated religious elements. The oldest surviving

3543: 3380: 3120: 3091: 3021: 2942: 2934: 2867: 2706: 2622: 2515: 2424: 2263:

in the Roman Empire became apparent in Latin literature, most notably in the

1940: 1662: 1509: 1477: 1401: 1353: 1329: 1248: 1236: 749: 729: 589: 3509: 2738: 1998:

is credited with the codification of epic poetry in Ancient Greece with the

5362: 5341: 5088: 4930: 4910: 4767: 4692: 4687: 4640:

in the turbulent period separating the end of the Napoleonic wars from the

4570: 4413: 4289: 4268: 4263: 4223: 4161: 3963: 3797: 3720: 3645: 3418:

was varied in the classes and professions of its writers, the poems of the

3324: 3268: 3165: 3087: 3086:

emphasized simplicity. The final years of the Tang dynasty saw the rise of

3044: 2986: 2918: 2843: 2766: 2563: 2559: 2500: 2436: 2428: 2260: 2185: 2077: 2041: 2031: 1956: 1927: 1838: 1831: 1818:

are recognized as the great poets that developed early Western Jin poetry.

1629: 1593: 1589: 1566: 1557: 1488:

that was popular during most of Ancient Egyptian history, taught maxims of

1294: 5486: 5340:

Contemporary literature is defined as literature written after the end of

4057:

in the sense the work is usually understood dates from around 1597. It is

3164:

developed the refined style. Lyric poetry contrasted with the more formal

5657:

Moers, Gerald (2010). "New Kingdom Literature". In Lloyd, Alan B. (ed.).

5127: 5120: 5082: 5011: 4945:

distinct from that of Europe. Popular genre fiction at the time included

4847: 4719: 4630: 4621: 4539: 4511: 4299: 4142: 4093: 4064: 3927: 3917: 3901: 3871: 3789: 3692: 3633: 3329: 3308: 3172: 3099: 3095: 3040: 2685: 2681: 2600: 2586: 2566:

that focused heavily on conveying Christian belief to the common people.

2529: 2399: 2090: 2016: 1908: 1699: 1695: 1561: 1333: 1325: 1314: 1310: 553: 4658: 4386:

are forms of lyric composition that were popular in the Joseon dynasty.

8515:. Translated by Sanderson, Don (New Abridged ed.). Japan Library. 7524: 5023: 4825: 4628:'s activity, covering the first third of the century. The conservative 4617: 4562: 4507: 4259: 3971: 3937: 3859: 3841: 3805: 3290: 3180: 3157: 2689: 2650: 2505: 2475: 2337: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2197: 2057: 1852: 1732: 1689: 1576:

are philosophical compilations that serve as the foundation of Taoism.

1337: 1252: 6664: 6632: 4973:

was the first Canadian novel, published in 1769. The aftermath of the

4636: 3781: 3461: 2979:

Sanskrit declines in the early 2nd millennium, late works such as the

2536:", were frequent among early medieval European texts. The writings of 2393:

existed earlier than 1000 BC. Puranic works such as the Indian epics:

5229: 4898: 4758: 3909: 3760: 3737: 3697: 3641: 3272: 3190: 3161: 3083: 3071: 2994: 2985:

dating to the 11th century, to the benefit of literature composed in

2855: 2811: 2655: 2514:

amused and entertained the upper classes who were their patrons. The

2227: 2156:, literature took the form of tragedy, comedy, epic, and historical. 2121: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2053: 1807: 1650: 1609: 1577: 1431: 1302: 1240: 744: 8513:

A History of Japanese Literature: From the Man'yōshū to Modern Times

6071: 4588:. During the same century, one of the most-known Romanian poets was 4580:

In Romania, the first novels were plublished in the 19th century by

4336: 4278:

stories were also common in this period, such as those collected by

3526: 2312: 2213:

Prominent Latin authors that lived during the early empire included

1720:

was an essayist known for his emotional political treatises such as

1539: 6648: 5135: 4749: 4495: 4393: 4071: 4068: 3932: 3885: 3724: 3705: 3553: 3300: 3280: 3226: 3202: 3125: 3079: 3028: 2958: 2806: 2555: 2416: 2394: 2390: 2256: 2081: 2049: 2022: 1978: 1916: 1727: 1703: 1602: 1545: 1409: 1306: 1290: 7454:"Traditions of Knowledge in Old Javanese Literature, c. 1000–1500" 6688: 4221:

were developed in the Middle Ming period, including works such as

2761:), which was a compilation of many earlier folk tales told by the 1382: 1324:

began independently in different parts of the world, including in

8435:

The Ideological Transformation of 20th Century Chinese Literature

5211: 5155: 5140: 4981:

was transferred to the British. Popular novels, such as those of

4894: 4418: 4326: 3916:, reflecting the concerns of his day regarding the succession of 3591: 3548: 3276: 3236: 3145: 3036: 2910: 2841:(1048–1122). "Rubaiyat" means "quatrains": verses of four lines. 2716: 2591: 2523: 2448: 2386: 2246: 2181: 2161: 2073: 2006: 1952: 1920: 1888: 1783: 1737: 1677: 1625: 1505: 1443: 1435: 1405: 1224: 138: 4147: 3179:

developed the style of poetry used in the Middle Northern Song.

2518:

in 1095 also affected literature. For instance the image of the

5221: 4625: 4515: 4370: 4365: 4342: 4274: 4214: 4184: 3905: 3817: 3728: 3365: 3194: 3184: 3075: 3057: 2922: 2914: 2863: 2669: 2665: 2519: 2408: 2370: 2366: 2206: 2193: 2189: 2177: 2045: 2027: 2011: 1944: 1827: 1819: 1717: 1620: 1439: 1413: 1232: 563: 296: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6692:

The Vernacular Spirit: Essays on Medieval Religious Literature

6415: 6413: 4824:

became popular in the United States in the late-19th century.

4762:, though his work did not become influential until the 1920s. 3652:

that describe the religious beliefs of Mesoamerican cultures.

3566:

from the 9th century, a Javanese localization of the Sanskrit

3552:

poetry. These were narrative poems based on the traditions of

7896: 6203:

The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean

5166: 4967:

Early Canadian novels adapted the literary trends of Europe.

4059: 4054: 4029: 3756: 3712: 3587: 3514: 3375: 3115: 3067: 2569: 2431:, roughly spanning the 2nd century BC to the 8th century AD. 2404: 2382: 2232: 2116:, who incorporated philosophical debates into dialogues with 2113: 2095: 2000: 1995: 1948: 1397: 1340:. Some of the earliest surviving works of literature include 1228: 568: 558: 7686: 7674: 5577:

An Introduction to Akkadian Literature: Contexts and Content

5549: 5249:, and revolutionary literature was spread in support of the 4917:

were influential in developing poetic form. Authors such as

4722:, novels of manners, political satire, dynastic novels, and 3606:, which included prose works of history and discourses. The 3267:

Drama was significantly developed as a literary form in the

2630:

was completed circa 1321. Organized into three parts called

2454: 2403:, have influenced countless other works, including Balinese 18:

For a more in-depth table of the history of literature, see

8602: 6753: 6720: 6689:

Blumenfeld-Kosinski, R.; Warren, N.; Robertson, D. (2002).

6410: 5323: 5160: 4376: 4170: 3854:, written through the 1590s in honor of Queen Elizabeth I. 3655: 3539: 3495:. While these stories typically portrayed the aristocracy, 3221: 2816: 2645: 2537: 2412: 2201: 1492:

that combined pragmatic thought and religious speculation.

1286: 1256: 7742: 7740: 7705:

Lu, Tina (2010). Chang, Kang-i Sun; Owen, Stephen (eds.).

5850:"'The Art of War': As relevant now as when it was written" 5774:

Classical Chinese Literature: An Anthology of Translations

4766:

was credited as the "founding father of American poetry",

4466: 4364:

Korean literature diverged from Chinese literature in the

8438:. Enrich Professional Publishing Limited. pp. 1–20. 7662: 7650: 7638: 7626: 7060: 7058: 6849:"The Almost Complete Lack of the Element of "Futureness"" 5466: 5236:

was a further cultural movement that promoted the use of

4858:

literature also evolved as distinct literary traditions.

4518:. In the later 19th century, Romanticism is countered by 3711:

The form of writing now commonplace across the world—the

3607: 3601: 3595: 3520: 3156:, and it became a popular pastime among the lower class. 8172: 8160: 8148: 8136: 8100: 8088: 8028: 7884: 5522:"10 Of The Most Ancient Pieces Of Literature Ever Found" 4510:. The second half of the century sees the beginnings of 3016: 1923:, ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts. 1600:. The sayings of Confucius were later compiled into the 1430:

developed in subsequent Mesopotamian societies, such as

8413: 8341: 8305: 8293: 8269: 8016: 7932: 7872: 7860: 7824: 7800: 7776: 7737: 3888:

ideals. This censorship contributed to the fall of the

3719:

and grew in popularity in the next century. Before the

2751:

The most well known fiction from the Islamic world was

2603:. Literature in the modern English language began with 8232: 8220: 8208: 8076: 8064: 8004: 7992: 7708:

The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature: From 1375

7385: 7349: 7337: 7313: 7241: 7178: 7166: 7142: 7055: 7043: 7031: 7019: 7007: 6983: 6959: 6935: 6911: 6899: 6744:

The Italians: History, Art, and the Genius of a People

6584:"Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature" 6503: 6479: 6455: 6039: 6015: 6003: 5967: 5931: 5919: 5895: 5883: 5484: 4808:

also wrote autobiographies that promoted the cause of

4302:

was an influential playwright of this period, and the

2913:, and was written in a variety of languages including 2773:. Many imitations were written, especially in France. 2554:, more than any other single person, was able to turn 2176:, which was primarily prose and included the works of 1495:

These literary traditions continued to develop in the

1424:, instead being referred to by the work's first line. 7207: 7205: 5072: 3332:

while Southern Yuan poetry was influenced by Yan Yu.

8532:

The Routledge Concise History of Canadian Literature

8184: 8124: 8112: 7433: 7421: 6358:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 7. 5826: 5814: 5790: 5687: 5198:

reflected the societal changes brought about by the

4756:

explored human contradiction in sea stories such as

4109:. The 16th and 17th centuries are recognized as the 3741:

made romance acceptable in prose as well as poetry;

3379:

being highly regarded in particular. The writing of

2585:

Early Medieval literature in England was written in

2415:

literature has an important position in the rise of

1883:

Ancient literature of the Levant was written in the

8401: 8389: 8377: 8365: 8353: 8329: 8317: 8281: 8250: 8196: 8052: 8040: 7980: 7968: 7956: 7944: 7920: 7908: 7848: 7836: 7812: 7788: 7764: 7752: 7725: 7409: 7397: 7373: 7361: 7325: 7301: 6491: 6467: 5049:is recognized as a founder of modern literature in 4941:. The early-20th century also saw the emergence of 3293:, and inter-clan politics all played a major role. 2894: 2210:closely followed the formula established by Homer. 1919:. These inscriptions occur on stone slabs, pottery 1266: 1255:. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of 8253:The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature 7570:Keenan, Siobhan (2008). "The Historical Context". 7289: 7277: 7265: 7253: 7229: 7217: 7202: 7190: 7154: 7130: 7118: 7106: 7094: 7082: 7070: 6995: 6971: 6947: 6923: 6076:A Companion to Ancient Phoenicia, ed. Mark Woolmer 6051: 6027: 5991: 5979: 5955: 5943: 5907: 5871: 5802: 5713:Chengxue, W. U.; Hongbing, S. H. A. (2007-01-01). 4549:In Britain, the 19th century was dominated by the 3586:Mesoamerican literature was typically recorded on 3171:influenced poetry in Northern Song. Poets such as 3160:developed the popular style of lyric poetry while 2478:or so that intervened between Rome's fall and the 2249:, which recorded the events of the first century. 5753: 4422:fiction was developed in the early 18th century. 3512:. In the 14th and 15th centuries, poetry such as 3245:, compiled into 294 volumes of 3 million written 3193:defined the style of Early Southern Song poetry. 2094:, which established an early example of literary 1472:developed directly from practical use during the 1277:Early literature is derived from stories told in 1243:to the reader, as well as the development of the 8609: 6633:"Orality, Literacy, and Medieval Textualization" 6286: 5712: 5450:Critical Approaches to Literature: Psychological 3990:, which was similarly marketed as a true story. 2407:and other performances such as shadow puppetry ( 1706:also became popular during the Han dynasty. The 6356:Sappho: A New Translation of the Complete Works 6272:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 37. 6236:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 41. 6233:The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Very Short Introduction 5675: 4678:A Summary View of the Rights of British America 3866:movement developed in the 18th century, led by 3414:poetry compiled by imperial command. While the 3404:poetry from the fifth to eighth centuries. The 2833:. The Rubáiyát is a collection of poems by the 2676:, Dante's idealized woman, guiding him. Though 1869:also became prominent in Six Dynasties poetry. 7711:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–64. 6820: 6379:Hart, Mary Louise; Walton, J. Michael (2010). 6353: 6176:Hebrew Inscriptions: A Classified Bibliography 6103: 6072:"Phoenician: A Companion to Ancient Phoenicia" 4616:period of the late 18th century merges into a 4425: 4160:Printing became prominent in China during the 3253:saw advances in popular literature, including 3144:. Northern Song lyric poetry was developed by 2909:Medieval Jewish fiction often drew on ancient 2720:and inspired later works, including Chaucer's 2048:in the 6th century BC as a tradition to honor 1512:also developed during this period. During the 7574:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–34. 7512: 6774: 5278: 4116: 3884:in the 1650s, the arts were restricted along 3422:were limited to those of aristocratic poets. 3335: 3078:wrote about the unusual, while poets such as 2823:and the longest epic poem ever written. From 1251:of these pieces. Not all writings constitute 1200: 473: 7519:. University of Texas Press. pp. 1–30. 6179:. Susquehanna University Press. p. 13. 5715:"The classics of ancient Chinese literature" 5056: 3986:to English literature, most notably through 3575: 2860:Opinions of the residents of a splendid city 2522:would take on a different significance. The 2088:. Sophocles is most well known for his play 2056:in which three tragedies were followed by a 1848:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 1806:, and emotional expression through scenery. 4828:saw wide acclaim for his novels, including 4599:produced prolific literary authors such as 4016:The 17th century in France is known as the 3102:were influential poets during this period. 2847:was also a popular mythical Persian story. 1416:. Some works were associated with specific 1396:is the oldest known literature, written in 1297:emerged as the human mind evolved to apply 8576: 7692: 7680: 7668: 7656: 7644: 7632: 6768: 6726: 6419: 6378: 5575:Lenzi, Alan (2020-01-10). "Introduction". 5472: 4396:at the beginning of the 17th century with 3862:, most well known for his love poems. The 1694:Poetry written in the brief period of the 1207: 1193: 480: 466: 6166: 5776:. Columbia University Press. p. 71. 5095:were the most prominent poets during the 4718:similarly set the precedent for American 4127: 3135: 3011: 2455:Post-classical (5th century–15th century) 2353:Learn how and when to remove this message 1580:was a defining figure in ancient Chinese 6581: 6206:. Oxford University Press. p. 223. 6193: 6069: 5844: 5491:. L. Erlbaum Associates. pp. 7–26. 5447: 5324:Contemporary (20th century–21st century) 5256: 5067: 4657: 4146: 3656:Early modern (15th century–18th century) 3349: 3140:Printing first became widespread in the 3015: 2819:, is a mythical and heroic retelling of 2737: 2030:, who contributed to the development of 1977: 1683: 1538: 1381: 8560:A Concise History of Chinese Literature 6846: 6521: 6354:Rayor, Diane; Lardinois, André (2014). 6063: 5603:"Literary Genres and Literary Styles". 4546:was written from roughly 1900 to 1940. 4467:Late modern (18th century–20th century) 2754:The Book of One Thousand and One Nights 1990:Early Greek literature was composed in 1773:A New Account of the Tales of the World 8610: 8494:A Brief History of American Literature 7569: 7565: 7563: 7508: 7506: 6338: 6267: 5719:Frontiers of Literary Studies in China 5267: 5206:in 1919, beginning with works such as 4624:period, epitomized by the long era of 4526:. The late 19th century, known as the 4455: 4350:was an influential 17th century poet. 4313: 3858:developed in the 17th century, led by 3680: 3600:, which included song and poetry, and 3489:; and short story collections such as 2543:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum 1962: 1837:The popularity of literary poetry and 1698:has been entirely lost. Poetry in the 1386:A stone tablet containing part of the 8472: 7594: 6509: 6497: 6485: 6473: 6461: 6341:A History of Ancient Greek Literature 6172: 6107:Teaching Epigraphy in the Digital Age 5708: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5661:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 685–708. 5656: 5574: 4553:, characterized by Romanticism, with 4485: 4444: 4187:was a collection of supernatural and 4081: 4035: 3829: 3229:(1031–1095 AD) was the author of the 3000: 2873: 2791: 2034:and was widely popular in antiquity. 1887:, a language group that contains the 8529: 8510: 8491: 8431: 8238: 8226: 8214: 8202: 8190: 8178: 8166: 8154: 8142: 8130: 8118: 8106: 8094: 8082: 8070: 8058: 8046: 8034: 8022: 8010: 7998: 7986: 7974: 7962: 7890: 7451: 7439: 7427: 7415: 7403: 7391: 7379: 7367: 7355: 7343: 7331: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7283: 6847:Khammas, Achmed A. W. (2006-10-10). 6270:The Bible: A Very Short Introduction 6199: 5771: 5598: 5596: 5301: 4406:was used to develop heroic fiction. 4353: 4205:and continued by groups such as the 3993: 3808:. From the 16th to the 18th century 3316:Two of the earliest Chinese novels, 2776: 2599:based on the legendary character of 2385:. It is generally believed that the 2335:adding citations to reliable sources 2306: 2168:. The late republic saw the rise of 1986:portrayed in an Ancient Roman mosaic 1955:written by notable figures of early 8557: 8538: 8419: 8407: 8395: 8383: 8371: 8359: 8347: 8335: 8323: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8275: 7950: 7938: 7926: 7914: 7902: 7878: 7866: 7854: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7806: 7794: 7782: 7770: 7758: 7746: 7731: 7560: 7503: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7235: 7223: 7211: 7196: 7184: 7172: 7160: 7148: 7136: 7124: 7112: 7100: 7088: 7076: 7064: 7049: 7037: 7025: 7013: 7001: 6989: 6977: 6965: 6953: 6941: 6929: 6917: 6905: 6630: 6438:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 6229: 6057: 6045: 6033: 6021: 6009: 5997: 5985: 5973: 5961: 5949: 5937: 5925: 5913: 5901: 5889: 5877: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5759: 5693: 5681: 5116:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio 4595:In Denmark, the early 19th century 4494:and its most important authors are 3766:De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium 3620:was a notable poet and songwriter. 2580: 2104:was developed as the foundation of 1834:were notable poets in Eastern Jin. 13: 7704: 7458:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 6431: 6097: 5699: 5519: 5312: 5073:Qing dynasty and Republic of China 3410:was a collection of ninth century 2866:society, and elements such as the 2469: 1905:Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions 1879:Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions 14: 8634: 8596: 8562:. Translated by Ye, Yang. Brill. 6385:. Getty Publications. p. 1. 5593: 5026:movement in the 1910s and 1920s. 4742:wrote moralistic stories such as 4634:style conflicts with the radical 3533: 3354:Illustrated 13th century copy of 2968: 2951:mystical (Kabbalistic) literature 2616: 1967: 1939:by about the 3rd century BC. The 1223:is the historical development of 8425: 8244: 7698: 7588: 7445: 6806:Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers 6382:The Art of Ancient Greek Theater 5029: 4647: 4067:for an elite circle of literate 4053:The earliest work considered an 3896:became a patron of the theater. 3039:were notable poets of the early 2895:Post-classical Hebrew literature 2850:Examples of early Persian proto- 2727: 2311: 2280: 1857:being written at this time. The 1750: 1519: 1457: 1267:Ancient (Bronze Age–5th century) 1176: 449: 8466: 8452:from the original on 2023-04-04 7615:from the original on 2023-04-04 7549:from the original on 2023-04-04 7492:from the original on 2022-08-27 6888:from the original on 2016-07-26 6870: 6859:from the original on 2006-10-25 6840: 6794: 6732: 6709:from the original on 2023-04-05 6682: 6671:from the original on 2022-08-26 6624: 6598: 6575: 6549: 6515: 6444:from the original on 2022-08-25 6425: 6399:from the original on 2023-04-05 6372: 6347: 6332: 6321:from the original on 2022-10-10 6303: 6261: 6250:from the original on 2022-09-14 6223: 6132:from the original on 2022-01-18 6082:from the original on 2022-01-17 5860:from the original on 2022-07-23 5838: 5765: 5639:from the original on 2022-08-25 5552:The Literature of Ancient Sumer 5532:from the original on 2015-10-03 5452:. Salem Press. pp. 67–83. 5113:also became popular, including 4295:Slapping the Table in Amazement 4132: 3920:. Early English novels include 3262: 2607:in the 14th century, known for 2439:in India sees the flowering of 2322:needs additional citations for 2141: 1792:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove 1534: 8579:A Little History of Literature 8543:. Cambridge University Press. 8541:A History of Korean Literature 6808:: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy 6582:Zvelebil, Kamil Veith (2021). 5650: 5568: 5543: 5513: 5478: 5441: 5151:Six Records of a Floating Life 4831:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 4665:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 3346:List of Japanese classic texts 3256:Romance of the Western Chamber 3187:is said to have perfected it. 1926:The books that constitute the 1744:Records of the Grand Historian 1377: 1: 6200:Doak, Brian R. (2019-08-26). 5435: 4970:The History of Emily Montague 4230:Romance of the Three Kingdoms 3755:single-handedly invented the 3480:Hamamatsu Chūnagon Monogatari 3319:Romance of the Three Kingdoms 2837:mathematician and astronomer 2508:, whose courtly romances and 2421:Classical Sanskrit literature 6882:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 5659:A Companion to Ancient Egypt 5164:drum lyric and the southern 5097:transition from Ming to Qing 3974:. The book was written in a 3840:As England grew to become a 3594:literature was divided into 3492:Tsutsumi Chūnagon Monogatari 2886:Poetry of the Ottoman Empire 2411:), and many European works. 2184:. Upon the formation of the 1301:and structure events into a 7: 8477:. Oxford University Press. 6830:, "Arabian fantasy", p. 52 6828:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 6826:John Grant and John Clute, 6784:, "Arabian fantasy", p. 51 6782:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 6780:John Grant and John Clute, 5606:Ancient Egyptian Literature 5381: 5126:In the Middle Qing period, 5043:Latin American independence 4426:Early modern Southeast Asia 4409:The Cloud Dream of the Nine 3948:. Behn used her writing as 2890:Prose of the Ottoman Empire 2745:One Thousand and One Nights 2696:as well as established the 2447:and the compilation of the 1885:Northwest Semitic languages 1490:Ancient Egyptian philosophy 1464:Ancient Egyptian literature 1147:List of years in literature 20:List of years in literature 10: 8639: 7598:The Book: A Global History 6695:. Springer. pp. 1–2. 6536:10.14324/111.9781787355156 6522:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 6434:"Ancient Greek Philosophy" 5414:History of science fiction 5336:21st century in literature 5333: 5327: 5316: 5305: 5282: 5279:Late modern Southeast Asia 5271: 5260: 5106:Autumn Willows: Four Poems 5093:Three Masters of Jiangdong 5076: 5060: 5033: 4960: 4814:Native American literature 4651: 4481:20th century in literature 4477:19th century in literature 4470: 4459: 4448: 4429: 4357: 4317: 4136: 4120: 4117:Early modern Islamic world 4085: 4039: 4028:known primarily for their 3997: 3833: 3794:Pedro Calderón de la Barca 3684: 3676:17th century in literature 3672:16th century in literature 3668:15th century in literature 3665: 3659: 3579: 3538:The literary tradition of 3465:; romantic novels such as 3339: 3336:Classical and feudal Japan 3020:Li Po Chanting a Poem, by 3004: 2972: 2955:ethical (musar) literature 2898: 2883: 2877: 2795: 2780: 2731: 2572:continued to be used as a 2458: 2433:Classical Tamil literature 2284: 2145: 1971: 1876: 1764:Records of Light and Shade 1754: 1687: 1523: 1461: 1270: 1142:History of science fiction 17: 8603:The Literary Encyclopedia 8581:. Yale University Press. 8577:Sutherland, John (2013). 8530:Lane, Richard J. (2011). 7905:, pp. 148, 168, 189. 7470:10.1017/S0022463405000019 7452:Hall, Kenneth R. (2005). 6173:Suder, Robert W. (1984). 5731:10.1007/s11702-007-0003-9 5615:10.1525/9780520973619-005 5057:Late modern Islamic world 5036:Latin American literature 4956: 4748:inspired by colonial-era 4169:. Among the lower class, 3650:Annals of the Cakchiquels 3576:Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica 3249:by the year 1084 AD. The 2963:commentaries on the Bible 2742:Arabic manuscript of the 2461:Early medieval literature 2379:that which is experienced 1872: 1359:Instructions of Shuruppak 1053:Indian writing in English 6339:Murray, Gilbert (1897). 6230:Lim, Timothy H. (2005). 5356:. Ignored by mainstream 5179:Dream of the Red Chamber 5154:was an autobiography by 4983:Julia Catherine Beckwith 4907:Edwin Arlington Robinson 4063:, (now lost) written by 4006:Gargantua and Pantagruel 3769:: in it, the astronomer 3748:Gargantua and Pantagruel 3745:rejuvenates satire with 2947:philosophical literature 2923:Liturgical Jewish poetry 2830:Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam 2102:Ancient Greek philosophy 1974:Ancient Greek literature 1645:Spring and Autumn Annals 1530:Classical Chinese poetry 1235:that attempt to provide 772:North and South American 6631:Ong, Walter J. (1984). 5330:Contemporary literature 5242:liberal reform in China 5204:New Literature Movement 4800:. Freed slaves such as 4605:Hans Christian Andersen 4569:and genres such as the 4567:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 4473:18th century literature 4151:An illustrated copy of 3890:Commonwealth of England 3662:Early Modern literature 3608: 3602: 3596: 3582:Mesoamerican literature 3546:is most well known for 2815:, the national epic of 2668:), with the Roman poet 1497:Middle Kingdom of Egypt 1343:The Maxims of Ptahhotep 8539:Lee, Peter H. (2003). 8511:Kato, Shuichi (1997). 8492:Gray, Richard (2011). 8473:Cohen, Walter (2017). 7572:Renaissance Literature 6740:Encyclopedia Americana 6126:10.1163/j.ctvrxk44t.14 4668: 4199:Four Talents of Suzhou 4157: 4128:Early modern East Asia 3923:The Pilgrim's Progress 3486:Torikaebaya Monogatari 3360: 3136:Song and Jin dynasties 3025: 3012:Sui and Tang dynasties 2748: 2480:Florentine Renaissance 1987: 1550: 1450:was influenced by the 1390: 1368:from Mesopotamia, and 1332:about 1250 BC, and in 8618:History of literature 6268:Riches, John (2000). 5429:Literature by country 5369:British Fantasy Award 5346:Postmodern literature 5334:Further information: 5317:Further information: 5306:Further information: 5297:Philippine literature 5289:Vietnamese literature 5283:Further information: 5272:Further information: 5261:Further information: 5077:Further information: 5068:Late modern East Asia 5061:Further information: 5034:Further information: 4987:Edward Hartley Dewart 4961:Further information: 4798:Harriet Beecher Stowe 4764:William Cullen Bryant 4716:James Fenimore Cooper 4707:Judith Sargent Murray 4698:The Power of Sympathy 4661: 4652:Further information: 4582:Dimitrie Bolintineanu 4500:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 4490:The 18th century was 4471:Further information: 4460:Further information: 4449:Further information: 4436:Vietnamese literature 4430:Further information: 4358:Further information: 4318:Further information: 4203:Earlier Seven Masters 4150: 4137:Further information: 4121:Further information: 4086:Further information: 4074:who gathered as the " 4040:Further information: 3998:Further information: 3834:Further information: 3715:—originated from the 3666:Further information: 3580:Further information: 3505:The Tale of the Heike 3498:Konjaku Monogatarishū 3353: 3019: 3005:Further information: 2973:Further information: 2899:Further information: 2787:Literature of Morocco 2741: 2381:, which included the 2285:Further information: 2084:were known for their 2072:were known for their 1981: 1755:Further information: 1688:Further information: 1684:Qin and Han dynasties 1598:Warring States period 1592:as founding texts of 1542: 1385: 1221:history of literature 1183:Literature portal 1152:Literature by country 496:History of literature 456:Literature portal 29:History of literature 8558:Luo, Yuming (2011). 6637:New Literary History 6524:"Rewriting Buddhism" 6292:Philip R. Davies in 6070:Mark Woolmer (ed.). 5579:. Penn State Press. 5424:Intellectual history 5372:(since 1971) or the 5285:Cambodian literature 5111:Supernatural fiction 4887:James Weldon Johnson 4883:Booker T. Washington 4544:Modernist literature 4492:Age of Enlightenment 4432:Cambodian literature 4219:Early Chinese novels 4211:Latter Seven Masters 3954:Atlantic slave trade 3946:personal fulfillment 3874:wrote the epic poem 3468:The Tale of Sagoromo 2989:vernaculars such as 2610:The Canterbury Tales 2375:that which is learnt 2331:improve this article 2265:confessional writing 2118:Socratic questioning 1757:Six Dynasties poetry 1514:New Kingdom of Egypt 1470:Old Kingdom of Egypt 1374:from Ancient China. 1167:Intellectual history 500:by region or country 8496:. Wiley-Blackwell. 8422:, pp. 882–886. 8350:, pp. 810–811. 8314:, pp. 845–848. 8302:, pp. 778–781. 8278:, pp. 787–788. 8181:, pp. 206–207. 8169:, pp. 211–218. 8157:, pp. 223–226. 8145:, pp. 196–206. 8109:, pp. 167–169. 8097:, pp. 115–130. 8037:, pp. 106–114. 7941:, pp. 276–277. 7893:, pp. 128–129. 7881:, pp. 753–754. 7869:, pp. 745–750. 7833:, pp. 697–698. 7809:, pp. 684–685. 7785:, pp. 667–681. 7749:, pp. 654–655. 7250:, pp. 598–600. 7187:, pp. 557–562. 7175:, pp. 563–564. 7151:, pp. 525–533. 7067:, pp. 428–429. 7052:, pp. 376–379. 7040:, pp. 305–308. 7028:, pp. 403–405. 7016:, pp. 396–397. 6992:, pp. 361–365. 6968:, pp. 310–311. 6944:, pp. 285–294. 6920:, pp. 268–275. 6908:, pp. 251–253. 6878:"Jewish Literature" 6048:, pp. 197–201. 6024:, pp. 181–184. 6012:, pp. 178–180. 5976:, pp. 152–154. 5940:, pp. 189–190. 5928:, pp. 149–150. 5904:, pp. 101–105. 5892:, pp. 125–127. 5263:Japanese literature 5257:Japanese literature 5234:May Fourth Movement 5008:Confederation Poets 5000:Alexander McLachlan 4963:Canadian literature 4919:F. Scott Fitzgerald 4893:traditions such as 4788:Ralph Waldo Emerson 4740:Nathaniel Hawthorne 4673:American Revolution 4654:American literature 4642:Revolutions of 1848 4456:Pre-colonial Africa 4402:. The structure of 4320:Japanese literature 4314:Japanese literature 4252:Three Yuan Brothers 4236:Journey to the West 4154:Journey to the West 4099:Miguel de Cervantes 4048:Italian Renaissance 4022:Jean de La Fontaine 3864:Augustan literature 3856:Metaphysical poetry 3802:Christopher Marlowe 3778:William Shakespeare 3771:Nicolaus Copernicus 3753:Michel de Montaigne 3717:early modern period 3681:Early modern Europe 3443:Ochikubo Monogatari 3430:Ariwara no Narihira 3342:Japanese literature 3303:was an influential 2939:Solomon ibn Gabirol 2532:, or "lives of the 2497:Around 400 AD, the 2465:Medieval literature 2303:Sanskrit literature 2170:Augustan literature 2040:originate from the 2038:Ancient Greek plays 1963:Classical antiquity 1893:Canaanite languages 1588:. He collected the 1428:Akkadian literature 1418:musical instruments 1394:Sumerian literature 1245:literary techniques 257:Old Church Slavonic 247:Maharashtri Prakrit 8025:, pp. 93–101. 7525:10.7560/724822-002 7516:Mexican Literature 6801:L. Sprague de Camp 6606:"HISTORY OF TAMIL" 5419:History of theater 5399:History of fantasy 5366:(since 1965), the 5358:literary criticism 5319:African literature 5238:vernacular Chinese 5194:Literature in the 5079:Chinese literature 5063:Islamic literature 4939:Chicago literature 4802:Frederick Douglass 4745:The Scarlet Letter 4703:William Hill Brown 4671:Literature of the 4669: 4559:William Wordsworth 4486:Late modern Europe 4462:African literature 4445:Early modern India 4158: 4139:Chinese literature 4123:Islamic literature 4111:Spanish Golden Age 4088:Spanish literature 4082:Spanish literature 4042:Italian literature 4036:Italian literature 3988:Gulliver's Travels 3836:British literature 3830:British literature 3810:Commedia dell'arte 3733:Giovanni Boccaccio 3731:as a poetic form; 3687:Western literature 3623:Literature in the 3518:and drama such as 3361: 3247:Chinese characters 3026: 3007:Chinese literature 3001:Mid-imperial China 2880:Ottoman literature 2874:Ottoman literature 2802:Pahlavi literature 2798:Persian literature 2792:Persian literature 2749: 2734:Islamic literature 2712:Giovanni Boccaccio 2295:Kannada literature 2269:Augustine of Hippo 2237:Caesar's civil war 2219:Seneca the Younger 2126:literary criticism 2106:Western philosophy 1992:dactylic hexameter 1988: 1863:Northern dynasties 1843:Southern dynasties 1709:Nineteen Old Poems 1551: 1468:Literature of the 1391: 1365:Poor Man of Nippur 1328:about 3200 BC, in 1322:history of writing 1273:Ancient literature 1157:History of theatre 252:Pre-Proto-Mongolic 8445:978-1-62320-079-4 8241:, pp. 94–96. 8229:, pp. 21–26. 8217:, pp. 57–61. 8085:, pp. 71–72. 8073:, pp. 66–69. 8013:, pp. 54–57. 8001:, pp. 47–49. 7718:978-0-521-85559-4 7695:, pp. 82–87. 7683:, pp. 40–44. 7608:978-0-19-166875-3 7534:978-0-292-73397-8 7394:, pp. 72–73. 7358:, pp. 48–49. 7346:, pp. 50–51. 7322:, pp. 57–58. 6771:, pp. 75–81. 6729:, pp. 26–28. 6702:978-0-230-10719-9 6563:. August 29, 2024 6512:, pp. 70–71. 6488:, pp. 57–63. 6464:, pp. 45–48. 6432:Graham, Jacob N. 6422:, pp. 21–25. 6392:978-1-60606-037-7 6365:978-1-107-02359-8 6298:Hasmonean dynasty 6279:978-0-19-285343-1 6213:978-0-19-049934-1 6186:978-0-941664-01-1 5835:, pp. 51–55. 5823:, pp. 11–12. 5799:, pp. 31–35. 5696:, pp. 62–63. 5668:978-1-405-15598-4 5624:978-0-520-97361-9 5586:978-1-64602-030-0 5561:978-0-19-155572-5 5409:History of poetry 5375:Mythopoeic Awards 5308:Indian literature 5302:Late modern India 5274:Korean literature 5268:Korean literature 5247:Chinese Civil War 5217:Diary of a Madman 5196:Republic of China 5020:Frank Oliver Call 5004:Charles Heavysege 4951:detective fiction 4875:Sherwood Anderson 4793:Uncle Tom's Cabin 4784:Transcendentalism 4712:Washington Irving 4601:Søren Kierkegaard 4451:Indian literature 4404:Hong Gildong jeon 4399:Hong Gildong jeon 4360:Korean literature 4354:Korean literature 4107:chivalric romance 4011:François Rabelais 4000:French literature 3994:French literature 3944:and the quest of 3847:The Faerie Queene 3743:François Rabelais 3450:The Tale of Genji 3437:Utsubo Monogatari 3357:The Tale of Genji 3232:Dream Pool Essays 2975:Indian literature 2905:Hebrew literature 2901:Jewish literature 2783:Arabic literature 2777:Arabic literature 2623:The Divine Comedy 2597:Arthurian fantasy 2574:literary language 2492:Matter of Britain 2363: 2362: 2355: 2299:Telugu literature 2291:Indian literature 2235:, which followed 2158:Livius Andronicus 2110:Thales of Miletus 1982:A scene from the 1891:, as well as the 1854:Ranking of Poetry 1788:poetry of Cao Cao 1723:The Faults of Qin 1639:Book of Documents 1615:Classic of Poetry 1606:by his students. 1554:Chinese mythology 1486:wisdom literature 1452:Sumerian language 1448:Akkadian language 1388:Epic of Gilgamesh 1371:Classic of Poetry 1217: 1216: 1129: 1128: 1060: 1059: 849: 848: 767: 766: 735:Poststructuralism 702:Matter of Britain 602: 601: 490: 489: 403:Modern by century 144:Classical Chinese 8630: 8623:History by topic 8592: 8573: 8554: 8535: 8526: 8507: 8488: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8457: 8429: 8423: 8417: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8248: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8194: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8170: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8098: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8056: 8050: 8044: 8038: 8032: 8026: 8020: 8014: 8008: 8002: 7996: 7990: 7984: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7744: 7735: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7672: 7666: 7660: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7620: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7567: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7510: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7200: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7140: 7134: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7092: 7086: 7080: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6993: 6987: 6981: 6975: 6969: 6963: 6957: 6951: 6945: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6921: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6844: 6838: 6824: 6818: 6798: 6792: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6751: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6714: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6519: 6513: 6507: 6501: 6495: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6307: 6301: 6294:The Canon Debate 6290: 6284: 6283: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6157: 6153: 6151: 6143: 6138: 6137: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5710: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5482: 5476: 5475:, pp. 7–16. 5470: 5464: 5463: 5445: 5394:History of books 5251:Chinese Red Army 5188:Tongguang school 5146:Tongcheng school 5051:Hispanic America 5014:. Poets such as 4996:Charles Sangster 4975:Seven Years' War 4927:William Faulkner 4923:Ernest Hemingway 4915:Robinson Jeffers 4905:. Poets such as 4891:modernist poetry 4879:W. E. B. Du Bois 4863:Theodore Dreiser 4852:African American 4683:Thomas Jefferson 4610:In Germany, the 4207:Tang-Song School 4103:picaresque novel 4026:Charles Perrault 3952:to question the 3950:social criticism 3914:royal succession 3786:Pierre Corneille 3727:popularized the 3611: 3605: 3599: 3563:Kakawin Ramayana 3425:The Tales of Ise 3296:Tale of the Pipa 2982:Kathasaritsagara 2961:literature, and 2959:legal (halakhic) 2722:Canterbury Tales 2702:Italian language 2700:as the standard 2605:Geoffrey Chaucer 2581:Medieval England 2511:chanson de geste 2488:Matter of France 2358: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2315: 2307: 2287:Tamil literature 2148:Latin literature 1889:Aramaic language 1859:Sixteen Kingdoms 1841:grew during the 1798:, incorporating 1526:Chinese classics 1508:and analysis of 1349:Story of Wenamun 1299:causal reasoning 1209: 1202: 1195: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1162:History of ideas 1089:Ancient Egyptian 1073: 1072: 885: 884: 778: 777: 755:Post-colonialism 697:Matter of France 666: 665: 538:World literature 512: 511: 501: 492: 491: 482: 475: 468: 454: 453: 452: 222:Gandhari Prakrit 63:Ancient Egyptian 34: 25: 24: 8638: 8637: 8633: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8627: 8608: 8607: 8599: 8589: 8570: 8551: 8523: 8504: 8485: 8469: 8464: 8455: 8453: 8446: 8430: 8426: 8418: 8414: 8406: 8402: 8394: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8358: 8354: 8346: 8342: 8334: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8286: 8282: 8274: 8270: 8263: 8249: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8225: 8221: 8213: 8209: 8201: 8197: 8189: 8185: 8177: 8173: 8165: 8161: 8153: 8149: 8141: 8137: 8129: 8125: 8117: 8113: 8105: 8101: 8093: 8089: 8081: 8077: 8069: 8065: 8057: 8053: 8045: 8041: 8033: 8029: 8021: 8017: 8009: 8005: 7997: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7961: 7957: 7949: 7945: 7937: 7933: 7925: 7921: 7913: 7909: 7901: 7897: 7889: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7853: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7829: 7825: 7817: 7813: 7805: 7801: 7793: 7789: 7781: 7777: 7769: 7765: 7757: 7753: 7745: 7738: 7730: 7726: 7719: 7703: 7699: 7693:Sutherland 2013 7691: 7687: 7681:Sutherland 2013 7679: 7675: 7669:Sutherland 2013 7667: 7663: 7657:Sutherland 2013 7655: 7651: 7645:Sutherland 2013 7643: 7639: 7633:Sutherland 2013 7631: 7627: 7618: 7616: 7609: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7568: 7561: 7552: 7550: 7535: 7511: 7504: 7495: 7493: 7450: 7446: 7438: 7434: 7426: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7378: 7374: 7366: 7362: 7354: 7350: 7342: 7338: 7330: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7306: 7302: 7294: 7290: 7282: 7278: 7270: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7230: 7222: 7218: 7210: 7203: 7195: 7191: 7183: 7179: 7171: 7167: 7159: 7155: 7147: 7143: 7135: 7131: 7123: 7119: 7111: 7107: 7099: 7095: 7087: 7083: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7036: 7032: 7024: 7020: 7012: 7008: 7000: 6996: 6988: 6984: 6976: 6972: 6964: 6960: 6952: 6948: 6940: 6936: 6928: 6924: 6916: 6912: 6904: 6900: 6891: 6889: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6862: 6860: 6845: 6841: 6825: 6821: 6799: 6795: 6779: 6775: 6769:Sutherland 2013 6767: 6754: 6748:The Renaissance 6737: 6733: 6727:Sutherland 2013 6725: 6721: 6712: 6710: 6703: 6687: 6683: 6674: 6672: 6629: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6580: 6576: 6566: 6564: 6557:"Pāli language" 6555: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6520: 6516: 6508: 6504: 6496: 6492: 6484: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6460: 6456: 6447: 6445: 6430: 6426: 6420:Sutherland 2013 6418: 6411: 6402: 6400: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6366: 6352: 6348: 6343:. pp. 4–5. 6337: 6333: 6324: 6322: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6291: 6287: 6280: 6266: 6262: 6253: 6251: 6244: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6198: 6194: 6187: 6171: 6167: 6155: 6154: 6145: 6144: 6135: 6133: 6118: 6102: 6098: 6085: 6083: 6068: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6044: 6040: 6032: 6028: 6020: 6016: 6008: 6004: 5996: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5936: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5863: 5861: 5854:The Irish Times 5846:Petraeus, David 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5770: 5766: 5758: 5754: 5711: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5680: 5676: 5669: 5655: 5651: 5642: 5640: 5625: 5602: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5548: 5544: 5535: 5533: 5518: 5514: 5499: 5483: 5479: 5473:Sutherland 2013 5471: 5467: 5460: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5404:History of film 5384: 5354:science fiction 5338: 5332: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5313:Colonial Africa 5310: 5304: 5299: 5293:Thai literature 5281: 5276: 5270: 5265: 5259: 5240:. Advocates of 5200:1911 Revolution 5085: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5059: 5038: 5032: 5016:Arthur Stringer 4992:Octave Crémazie 4965: 4959: 4856:Native American 4778:Emily Dickinson 4773:Leaves of Grass 4754:Herman Melville 4736:mystery fiction 4728:Edgar Allan Poe 4656: 4650: 4613:Sturm und Drang 4586:Nicolae Filimon 4575:Charles Dickens 4488: 4483: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4442: 4440:Thai literature 4428: 4412:was written by 4389:Yongbieocheonga 4362: 4356: 4322: 4316: 4256:Jingling School 4180:Jiandeng Xinhua 4145: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4090: 4084: 4044: 4038: 4009:was written by 4002: 3996: 3982:introduced the 3968:social mobility 3959:Robinson Crusoe 3882:Oliver Cromwell 3838: 3832: 3689: 3683: 3678: 3664: 3658: 3625:Mayan languages 3584: 3578: 3536: 3456:Eiga Monogatari 3348: 3340:Main articles: 3338: 3265: 3212:Canglang Shihua 3138: 3014: 3009: 3003: 2977: 2971: 2907: 2897: 2892: 2882: 2876: 2852:science fiction 2821:Persian history 2804: 2796:Main articles: 2794: 2789: 2781:Main articles: 2779: 2771:Antoine Galland 2736: 2730: 2698:Tuscan language 2628:Dante Alighieri 2619: 2583: 2472: 2470:Medieval Europe 2467: 2459:Main articles: 2457: 2445:Sanskrit poetry 2423:flowers in the 2359: 2348: 2342: 2339: 2328: 2316: 2305: 2283: 2223:Marcus Aurelius 2215:Pliny the Elder 2174:Classical Latin 2166:popular culture 2150: 2144: 2130:literary theory 1976: 1970: 1965: 1947:that described 1933:various authors 1881: 1875: 1867:Shanshui poetry 1759: 1753: 1692: 1686: 1537: 1532: 1524:Main articles: 1522: 1478:autobiographies 1466: 1460: 1380: 1279:hunter-gatherer 1275: 1269: 1213: 1177: 1175: 499: 498: 486: 450: 448: 212:Byzantine Greek 149:Classical Latin 134:Ancient Prakrit 32: 31: 23: 12: 11: 5: 8636: 8626: 8625: 8620: 8606: 8605: 8598: 8597:External links 8595: 8594: 8593: 8587: 8574: 8568: 8555: 8549: 8536: 8527: 8521: 8508: 8502: 8489: 8483: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8462: 8444: 8424: 8412: 8410:, p. 827. 8400: 8398:, p. 823. 8388: 8386:, p. 839. 8376: 8374:, p. 861. 8364: 8362:, p. 819. 8352: 8340: 8338:, p. 805. 8328: 8326:, p. 793. 8316: 8304: 8292: 8290:, p. 773. 8280: 8268: 8261: 8243: 8231: 8219: 8207: 8195: 8193:, p. 242. 8183: 8171: 8159: 8147: 8135: 8133:, p. 171. 8123: 8121:, p. 159. 8111: 8099: 8087: 8075: 8063: 8051: 8039: 8027: 8015: 8003: 7991: 7979: 7967: 7955: 7953:, p. 284. 7943: 7931: 7929:, p. 273. 7919: 7917:, p. 151. 7907: 7895: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7857:, p. 733. 7847: 7845:, p. 743. 7835: 7823: 7821:, p. 687. 7811: 7799: 7797:, p. 728. 7787: 7775: 7773:, p. 721. 7763: 7761:, p. 719. 7751: 7736: 7734:, p. 704. 7724: 7717: 7697: 7685: 7673: 7661: 7649: 7637: 7625: 7607: 7601:. OUP Oxford. 7587: 7580: 7559: 7533: 7502: 7444: 7442:, p. 112. 7432: 7430:, p. 100. 7420: 7408: 7396: 7384: 7372: 7360: 7348: 7336: 7324: 7312: 7300: 7288: 7276: 7274:, p. 639. 7264: 7262:, p. 605. 7252: 7240: 7238:, p. 593. 7228: 7226:, p. 575. 7216: 7214:, p. 617. 7201: 7199:, p. 507. 7189: 7177: 7165: 7163:, p. 539. 7153: 7141: 7139:, p. 508. 7129: 7127:, p. 490. 7117: 7115:, p. 480. 7105: 7103:, p. 474. 7093: 7091:, p. 461. 7081: 7079:, p. 439. 7069: 7054: 7042: 7030: 7018: 7006: 7004:, p. 391. 6994: 6982: 6980:, p. 334. 6970: 6958: 6956:, p. 411. 6946: 6934: 6932:, p. 282. 6922: 6910: 6898: 6869: 6839: 6819: 6793: 6773: 6752: 6731: 6719: 6701: 6681: 6649:10.2307/468772 6623: 6597: 6574: 6548: 6514: 6502: 6490: 6478: 6466: 6454: 6424: 6409: 6391: 6371: 6364: 6346: 6331: 6302: 6285: 6278: 6260: 6242: 6222: 6212: 6192: 6185: 6165: 6116: 6096: 6062: 6060:, p. 233. 6050: 6038: 6036:, p. 194. 6026: 6014: 6002: 6000:, p. 173. 5990: 5988:, p. 167. 5978: 5966: 5964:, p. 263. 5954: 5952:, p. 261. 5942: 5930: 5918: 5916:, p. 113. 5906: 5894: 5882: 5880:, p. 131. 5870: 5848:(2018-03-26). 5837: 5825: 5813: 5811:, p. 137. 5801: 5789: 5782: 5764: 5752: 5698: 5686: 5674: 5667: 5649: 5623: 5592: 5585: 5567: 5560: 5554:. OUP Oxford. 5542: 5512: 5497: 5477: 5465: 5458: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5389:History of art 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378:(since 1971). 5328:Main article: 5325: 5322: 5314: 5311: 5303: 5300: 5280: 5277: 5269: 5266: 5258: 5255: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5058: 5055: 5031: 5028: 4958: 4955: 4943:American drama 4935:John Steinbeck 4871:Sinclair Lewis 4806:Harriet Jacobs 4732:Gothic fiction 4662:1884 cover of 4649: 4646: 4590:Mihai Eminescu 4555:Romantic poets 4487: 4484: 4468: 4465: 4457: 4454: 4446: 4443: 4427: 4424: 4355: 4352: 4348:Ishikawa Jōzan 4315: 4312: 4304:Wujiang School 4248:Gong'an School 4175:Hongwu Emperor 4167:belles-lettres 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4118: 4115: 4105:that parodied 4083: 4080: 4037: 4034: 3995: 3992: 3980:Jonathan Swift 3970:introduced by 3868:Samuel Johnson 3852:Edmund Spenser 3831: 3828: 3702:printing press 3685:Main article: 3682: 3679: 3660:Main article: 3657: 3654: 3614:Nezahualcoyotl 3577: 3574: 3535: 3534:Southeast Asia 3532: 3474:Yoru no Nezame 3400:and compiling 3337: 3334: 3275:, present-day 3264: 3261: 3242:Zizhi Tongjian 3137: 3134: 3130:block printing 3054:Wang Changling 3024:(13th century) 3013: 3010: 3002: 2999: 2970: 2969:Medieval India 2967: 2911:Jewish legends 2896: 2893: 2878:Main article: 2875: 2872: 2793: 2790: 2778: 2775: 2759:Arabian Nights 2729: 2726: 2694:Western Church 2618: 2617:Medieval Italy 2615: 2582: 2579: 2552:Thomas Aquinas 2484:Matter of Rome 2471: 2468: 2456: 2453: 2441:Sanskrit drama 2361: 2360: 2343:September 2022 2319: 2317: 2310: 2282: 2279: 2271:, such as the 2252:The Golden Ass 2221:, and Emperor 2154:Roman Republic 2146:Main article: 2143: 2140: 1972:Main article: 1969: 1968:Ancient Greece 1966: 1964: 1961: 1903:. A corpus of 1877:Main article: 1874: 1871: 1780:Jian'an poetry 1766:attributed to 1752: 1749: 1685: 1682: 1673:The Art of War 1657:Gongyang Zhuan 1536: 1533: 1521: 1518: 1462:Main article: 1459: 1456: 1379: 1376: 1283:oral tradition 1281:bands through 1271:Main article: 1268: 1265: 1261:check register 1215: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1136: 1135: 1134:Related topics 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1078: 1077: 1069: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 958:Ancient Meitei 952: 951: 947: 946: 945: 944: 939: 934: 929: 921: 920: 916: 915: 914: 913: 908: 903: 898: 890: 889: 881: 880: 874: 873: 872: 871: 866: 858: 857: 851: 850: 847: 846: 845: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 806: 805: 803:Latin American 799: 798: 797: 796: 791: 786: 774: 773: 769: 768: 765: 764: 763: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 740:Deconstruction 737: 732: 724: 723: 719: 718: 717: 716: 711: 706: 705: 704: 699: 694: 692:Matter of Rome 687:Early Medieval 684: 679: 674: 662: 661: 655: 654: 653: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 609: 608: 607:Middle Eastern 604: 603: 600: 599: 598: 597: 592: 584: 583: 579: 578: 577: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 548: 547: 543: 542: 541: 540: 535: 530: 525: 523:Literary terms 520: 508: 507: 506:General topics 503: 502: 488: 487: 485: 484: 477: 470: 462: 459: 458: 445: 444: 443: 442: 437: 429: 428: 421: 420: 419: 418: 413: 405: 404: 400: 399: 398: 397: 392: 387: 379: 378: 371: 370: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 340: 339: 332: 331: 330: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 191: 190: 188:Early medieval 184: 183: 182: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 129:Ancient Hebrew 126: 120: 119: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 88:Hurro-Urartian 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 59: 58: 48: 47: 36: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8635: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8590: 8588:9780300188363 8584: 8580: 8575: 8571: 8569:9789004203662 8565: 8561: 8556: 8552: 8550:9781139440868 8546: 8542: 8537: 8533: 8528: 8524: 8522:1-873410-48-4 8518: 8514: 8509: 8505: 8503:9781405192316 8499: 8495: 8490: 8486: 8484:9780198732679 8480: 8476: 8471: 8470: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8437: 8436: 8428: 8421: 8416: 8409: 8404: 8397: 8392: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8368: 8361: 8356: 8349: 8344: 8337: 8332: 8325: 8320: 8313: 8308: 8301: 8296: 8289: 8284: 8277: 8272: 8264: 8262:9780521340694 8258: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8235: 8228: 8223: 8216: 8211: 8205:, p. 38. 8204: 8199: 8192: 8187: 8180: 8175: 8168: 8163: 8156: 8151: 8144: 8139: 8132: 8127: 8120: 8115: 8108: 8103: 8096: 8091: 8084: 8079: 8072: 8067: 8061:, p. 81. 8060: 8055: 8049:, p. 59. 8048: 8043: 8036: 8031: 8024: 8019: 8012: 8007: 8000: 7995: 7989:, p. 32. 7988: 7983: 7977:, p. 41. 7976: 7971: 7965:, p. 28. 7964: 7959: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7935: 7928: 7923: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7899: 7892: 7887: 7880: 7875: 7868: 7863: 7856: 7851: 7844: 7839: 7832: 7827: 7820: 7815: 7808: 7803: 7796: 7791: 7784: 7779: 7772: 7767: 7760: 7755: 7748: 7743: 7741: 7733: 7728: 7720: 7714: 7710: 7709: 7701: 7694: 7689: 7682: 7677: 7671:, p. 64. 7670: 7665: 7659:, p. 57. 7658: 7653: 7647:, p. 54. 7646: 7641: 7635:, p. 61. 7634: 7629: 7614: 7610: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7591: 7583: 7581:9780748631216 7577: 7573: 7566: 7564: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7509: 7507: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7448: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7418:, p. 84. 7417: 7412: 7406:, p. 78. 7405: 7400: 7393: 7388: 7382:, p. 68. 7381: 7376: 7370:, p. 62. 7369: 7364: 7357: 7352: 7345: 7340: 7334:, p. 24. 7333: 7328: 7321: 7316: 7310:, p. 21. 7309: 7304: 7298:, p. 18. 7297: 7292: 7286:, p. 12. 7285: 7280: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7256: 7249: 7244: 7237: 7232: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7208: 7206: 7198: 7193: 7186: 7181: 7174: 7169: 7162: 7157: 7150: 7145: 7138: 7133: 7126: 7121: 7114: 7109: 7102: 7097: 7090: 7085: 7078: 7073: 7066: 7061: 7059: 7051: 7046: 7039: 7034: 7027: 7022: 7015: 7010: 7003: 6998: 6991: 6986: 6979: 6974: 6967: 6962: 6955: 6950: 6943: 6938: 6931: 6926: 6919: 6914: 6907: 6902: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6837: 6836:0-312-19869-8 6833: 6829: 6823: 6817: 6816:0-87054-076-9 6813: 6809: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6791: 6790:0-312-19869-8 6787: 6783: 6777: 6770: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6738:For example, 6735: 6728: 6723: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6694: 6693: 6685: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6627: 6616:September 25, 6611: 6607: 6601: 6590:September 25, 6585: 6578: 6567:September 25, 6562: 6558: 6552: 6541:September 25, 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6506: 6500:, p. 65. 6499: 6494: 6487: 6482: 6476:, p. 54. 6475: 6470: 6463: 6458: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6416: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6375: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6342: 6335: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6281: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6249: 6245: 6243:9780192806598 6239: 6235: 6234: 6226: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6196: 6188: 6182: 6178: 6177: 6169: 6161: 6149: 6142: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6117:9789004346734 6113: 6109: 6108: 6100: 6093: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6054: 6047: 6042: 6035: 6030: 6023: 6018: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5994: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5970: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5915: 5910: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5886: 5879: 5874: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5834: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5810: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5785: 5783:9789629960483 5779: 5775: 5768: 5762:, p. 64. 5761: 5756: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5695: 5690: 5683: 5678: 5670: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5599: 5597: 5588: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5557: 5553: 5546: 5531: 5527: 5526:History Daily 5523: 5520:Street, Deb. 5516: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5498:9781410616470 5494: 5490: 5489: 5481: 5474: 5469: 5461: 5459:9781682172728 5455: 5451: 5444: 5440: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5320: 5309: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5275: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5184:Qing literati 5181: 5180: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5132:Weng Fanggang 5129: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5080: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5030:Latin America 5027: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4979:French Canada 4976: 4972: 4971: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4867:H. L. Mencken 4864: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4667: 4666: 4660: 4655: 4648:United States 4645: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4551:Victorian era 4547: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4535:Fin de siècle 4531: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4504:Immanuel Kant 4501: 4497: 4493: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4463: 4452: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4368:dynasty. The 4367: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4328: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4280:Feng Menglong 4277: 4276: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4250:, led by the 4249: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4156: 4155: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4089: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3984:fantasy novel 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3942:individualism 3939: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3877:Paradise Lost 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3814:improvisation 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3688: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3630:Dresden Codex 3626: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3544:Kawi language 3541: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3510:blind priests 3507: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3421: 3420:Kokin Wakashū 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3407:Kokin Wakashū 3403: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3320: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3216: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3199:Jin–Song Wars 3196: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3142:Northern Song 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3121:Diamond Sutra 3117: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092:erotic poetry 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3050:Four Paragons 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3023: 3018: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2943:Yehuda Halevi 2940: 2936: 2935:Eleazar Kalir 2932: 2928: 2927:Yose ben Yose 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2902: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2868:flying carpet 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2747: 2746: 2740: 2735: 2728:Islamic world 2725: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2707:The Decameron 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2678:Divine Comedy 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2636:Divine Comedy 2633: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2564:passion plays 2561: 2560:mystery plays 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2530:Hagiographies 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2516:First Crusade 2513: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2429:Gupta periods 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2357: 2354: 2346: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2320:This section 2318: 2314: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2281:Ancient India 2278: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2149: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1941:New Testament 1938: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1758: 1751:Six Dynasties 1748: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1663:Guliang Zhuan 1659: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1548: 1547: 1541: 1531: 1527: 1520:Ancient China 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510:good and evil 1507: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1474:Fifth Dynasty 1471: 1465: 1458:Ancient Egypt 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1384: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1354:Ancient Egypt 1351: 1350: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330:Ancient China 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1274: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:communication 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237:entertainment 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1132: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1117:South African 1115: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1028:Modern Meitei 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 955: 954: 953: 949: 948: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 924: 923: 922: 918: 917: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 893: 892: 891: 887: 886: 883: 882: 879: 876: 875: 870: 867: 865: 862: 861: 860: 859: 856: 853: 852: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 809: 808: 807: 804: 801: 800: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 781: 780: 779: 776: 775: 771: 770: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 750:Postmodernism 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 730:Structuralism 728: 727: 726: 725: 721: 720: 715: 712: 710: 707: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 669: 668: 667: 664: 663: 660: 657: 656: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 612: 611: 610: 606: 605: 596: 593: 591: 588: 587: 586: 585: 581: 580: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 551: 550: 549: 545: 544: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 515: 514: 513: 510: 509: 505: 504: 497: 494: 493: 483: 478: 476: 471: 469: 464: 463: 461: 460: 457: 447: 446: 441: 438: 436: 433: 432: 431: 430: 426: 423: 422: 417: 414: 412: 409: 408: 407: 406: 402: 401: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 382: 381: 380: 376: 373: 372: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 343: 342: 341: 337: 334: 333: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 194: 193: 192: 189: 186: 185: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 124:Ancient Greek 122: 121: 118: 117: 113: 112: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 66: 64: 61: 60: 57: 56: 52: 51: 50: 49: 45: 41: 38: 37: 30: 27: 26: 21: 16: 8578: 8559: 8540: 8534:. Routledge. 8531: 8512: 8493: 8474: 8467:Bibliography 8454:. Retrieved 8434: 8427: 8415: 8403: 8391: 8379: 8367: 8355: 8343: 8331: 8319: 8307: 8295: 8283: 8271: 8252: 8246: 8234: 8222: 8210: 8198: 8186: 8174: 8162: 8150: 8138: 8126: 8114: 8102: 8090: 8078: 8066: 8054: 8042: 8030: 8018: 8006: 7994: 7982: 7970: 7958: 7946: 7934: 7922: 7910: 7898: 7886: 7874: 7862: 7850: 7838: 7826: 7814: 7802: 7790: 7778: 7766: 7754: 7727: 7707: 7700: 7688: 7676: 7664: 7652: 7640: 7628: 7617:. Retrieved 7597: 7590: 7571: 7551:. Retrieved 7515: 7494:. Retrieved 7461: 7457: 7447: 7435: 7423: 7411: 7399: 7387: 7375: 7363: 7351: 7339: 7327: 7315: 7303: 7291: 7279: 7267: 7255: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7192: 7180: 7168: 7156: 7144: 7132: 7120: 7108: 7096: 7084: 7072: 7045: 7033: 7021: 7009: 6997: 6985: 6973: 6961: 6949: 6937: 6925: 6913: 6901: 6890:. Retrieved 6881: 6872: 6861:. Retrieved 6852: 6842: 6827: 6822: 6804: 6796: 6781: 6776: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6722: 6711:. Retrieved 6691: 6684: 6673:. Retrieved 6640: 6636: 6626: 6614:. Retrieved 6609: 6600: 6588:. Retrieved 6586:. p. 24 6577: 6565:. Retrieved 6560: 6551: 6539:. Retrieved 6527: 6517: 6505: 6493: 6481: 6469: 6457: 6446:. Retrieved 6437: 6427: 6401:. Retrieved 6381: 6374: 6355: 6349: 6340: 6334: 6323:. Retrieved 6314: 6305: 6293: 6288: 6269: 6263: 6252:. Retrieved 6232: 6225: 6217: 6202: 6195: 6175: 6168: 6140: 6134:. Retrieved 6106: 6099: 6090: 6084:. Retrieved 6075: 6065: 6053: 6041: 6029: 6017: 6005: 5993: 5981: 5969: 5957: 5945: 5933: 5921: 5909: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5862:. Retrieved 5853: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5804: 5792: 5773: 5767: 5755: 5725:(1): 50–79. 5722: 5718: 5689: 5684:, p. 7. 5677: 5658: 5652: 5641:. Retrieved 5605: 5576: 5570: 5551: 5545: 5534:. Retrieved 5525: 5515: 5487: 5480: 5468: 5449: 5443: 5373: 5367: 5363:Nebula Award 5361: 5342:World War II 5339: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5193: 5177: 5173:The Scholars 5172: 5165: 5159: 5149: 5139: 5125: 5114: 5104: 5101:Wang Shizhen 5089:Qing dynasty 5086: 5047:Andrés Bello 5039: 4968: 4966: 4931:Thomas Wolfe 4911:Robert Frost 4860: 4829: 4810:abolitionism 4791: 4782: 4771: 4768:Walt Whitman 4757: 4752:literature. 4743: 4696: 4693:Thomas Paine 4688:Common Sense 4686: 4676: 4670: 4663: 4635: 4629: 4611: 4609: 4594: 4579: 4571:gothic novel 4548: 4533: 4529:Belle Époque 4527: 4489: 4417: 4414:Kim Man-jung 4407: 4403: 4397: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4341: 4335: 4331: 4325: 4323: 4293: 4290:Ling Mengchu 4284: 4273: 4269:Jin Ping Mei 4267: 4264:Tan Yuanchun 4241: 4234: 4228: 4224:Water Margin 4222: 4189: 4178: 4162:Ming dynasty 4159: 4152: 4133:Qing dynasty 4092: 4091: 4058: 4052: 4045: 4018:Grand Siècle 4015: 4004: 4003: 3964:Daniel Defoe 3957: 3931: 3921: 3898: 3875: 3845: 3839: 3821: 3798:Lope de Vega 3775: 3764: 3746: 3736: 3721:modern novel 3710: 3690: 3646:Chilam Balam 3638:Madrid Codex 3622: 3585: 3567: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3537: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3503: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3387: 3381: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3355: 3325:Water Margin 3323: 3317: 3315: 3309: 3304: 3294: 3285: 3269:Yuan dynasty 3266: 3263:Yuan dynasty 3254: 3240: 3230: 3220: 3217: 3210: 3189: 3166: 3139: 3119: 3104: 3088:lyric poetry 3062: 3027: 2987:Middle Indic 2980: 2978: 2919:Judeo-Arabic 2908: 2859: 2849: 2844:Amir Arsalan 2842: 2839:Omar Khayyám 2828: 2810: 2805: 2767:Scheherazade 2758: 2752: 2750: 2743: 2721: 2715: 2705: 2677: 2659: 2649: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2620: 2608: 2590: 2584: 2568: 2547: 2541: 2528: 2509: 2501:Psychomachia 2498: 2496: 2473: 2443:, classical 2437:Gupta period 2398: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2349: 2340: 2329:Please help 2324:verification 2321: 2272: 2261:Christianity 2250: 2241: 2226: 2212: 2205: 2186:Roman Empire 2151: 2142:Ancient Rome 2133: 2100: 2089: 2078:Aristophanes 2042:chorus plays 2036: 2032:lyric poetry 2021: 2015: 2005: 1999: 1989: 1983: 1957:Christianity 1928:Hebrew Bible 1925: 1882: 1853: 1846: 1839:aestheticism 1836: 1832:Tao Yuanming 1778: 1771: 1763: 1760: 1742: 1736: 1721: 1715: 1707: 1693: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1630:Music Bureau 1619: 1613: 1608: 1601: 1594:Confucianism 1590:Six Classics 1572: 1567:Tao Te Ching 1565: 1564:nation. The 1558:Zhou dynasty 1552: 1549:of Confucius 1544: 1535:Zhou dynasty 1502:Instructions 1501: 1494: 1484:, a form of 1482:Instructions 1481: 1467: 1426: 1392: 1369: 1363: 1357: 1347: 1341: 1319: 1311:social norms 1295:Storytelling 1285:, including 1276: 1247:used in the 1220: 1218: 518:Basic topics 495: 425:Contemporary 375:Early modern 114: 53: 28: 15: 7464:(1): 1–27. 6643:(1): 1–12. 6311:"The Bible" 6156:|work= 5226:The Goddess 5208:Experiments 5128:Shen Deqian 5121:Pu Songling 5083:Qing poetry 5012:World War I 4903:Objectivism 4848:New England 4738:as genres. 4720:sea stories 4631:Biedermeier 4540:World War I 4532:, with its 4512:Romanticism 4300:Tang Xianzu 4285:Three Words 4143:Ming poetry 4094:Don Quixote 4065:Jacopo Peri 3928:John Bunyan 3918:Elizabeth I 3902:blank verse 3872:John Milton 3842:world power 3823:en travesti 3790:Jean Racine 3763:, entitled 3693:Renaissance 3634:Paris Codex 3569:Bhaṭṭikāvya 3330:Yuan Haowen 3251:Jin dynasty 3177:Su Shunquin 3173:Mei Yaochen 3100:Wen Tingyun 3096:Li Shangyin 3041:Sui dynasty 3033:Xue Daoheng 2991:Old Bengali 2682:Romanticist 2601:King Arthur 2587:Old English 2506:troubadours 2400:Mahabharata 2274:Confessions 2091:Oedipus Rex 2017:Megala Erga 1909:Phoenicians 1800:parallelism 1796:Jin dynasty 1700:Han dynasty 1696:Qin dynasty 1610:Anthologies 1378:Mesopotamia 1334:Mesoamerica 1326:Mesopotamia 1315:Epic poetry 1104:Sub-Saharan 869:New Zealand 714:Renaissance 262:Old English 164:Old Persian 8612:Categories 8456:2022-09-21 7619:2022-08-26 7553:2022-08-26 7496:2022-08-27 6892:2022-02-02 6863:2022-08-26 6713:2022-08-26 6675:2022-08-26 6561:Britannica 6510:Cohen 2017 6498:Cohen 2017 6486:Cohen 2017 6474:Cohen 2017 6462:Cohen 2017 6448:2022-08-25 6403:2022-09-03 6325:2022-09-14 6254:2022-09-14 6136:2022-01-17 6086:2022-01-17 5864:2022-09-14 5643:2022-08-25 5536:2022-08-24 5436:References 5024:free verse 5006:, and the 4826:Mark Twain 4822:naturalism 4618:Classicist 4597:Golden Age 4563:Lord Byron 4524:Naturalism 4508:Adam Smith 4380:, and the 4260:Zhong Xing 4195:Zhu Youdun 4069:Florentine 3972:capitalism 3938:Aphra Behn 3894:Charles II 3860:John Donne 3806:Ben Jonson 3648:, and the 3636:, and the 3609:teocuícatl 3397:Man'yōgana 3291:infidelity 3181:Ouyang Xiu 3158:Ouyang Xiu 3154:Zhang Xian 3022:Liang K'ai 2884:See also: 2732:See also: 2690:Ezra Pound 2686:T.S. Eliot 2651:Purgatorio 2476:millennium 2373:, meaning 2239:, and the 2198:Propertius 2058:satyr play 1937:solidified 1897:Phoenician 1776:survives. 1768:Liu Yiqing 1733:Wang Chong 1690:Han poetry 1660:, and the 1582:philosophy 1338:accounting 1253:literature 1038:Rajasthani 942:Vietnamese 932:Philippine 864:Australian 760:Hypertexts 625:Babylonian 427:by century 377:by century 338:by century 282:Old Turkic 267:Old German 55:Bronze Age 8239:Lane 2011 8227:Lane 2011 8215:Lane 2011 8203:Lane 2011 8191:Gray 2011 8179:Gray 2011 8167:Gray 2011 8155:Gray 2011 8143:Gray 2011 8131:Gray 2011 8119:Gray 2011 8107:Gray 2011 8095:Gray 2011 8083:Gray 2011 8071:Gray 2011 8059:Gray 2011 8047:Gray 2011 8035:Gray 2011 8023:Gray 2011 8011:Gray 2011 7999:Gray 2011 7987:Gray 2011 7975:Gray 2011 7963:Gray 2011 7891:Kato 1997 7543:244159599 7486:161351530 7478:1474-0680 7440:Kato 1997 7428:Kato 1997 7416:Kato 1997 7404:Kato 1997 7392:Kato 1997 7380:Kato 1997 7368:Kato 1997 7356:Kato 1997 7344:Kato 1997 7332:Kato 1997 7320:Kato 1997 7308:Kato 1997 7296:Kato 1997 7284:Kato 1997 6657:0028-6087 6158:ignored ( 6148:cite book 5747:195069499 5739:1673-7423 5633:240659212 5507:418043692 5344:in 1945. 5230:Guo Moruo 5041:with the 4899:Vorticism 4759:Moby-Dick 4726:stories. 4675:included 4542:in 1914. 4340:watching 4330:watching 4308:Shen Jing 4258:, led by 4072:humanists 3976:realistic 3910:soliloquy 3761:Nuremberg 3738:Decameron 3698:patronage 3642:Popol Vuh 3603:tlahtolli 3416:Man'yōshū 3391:Man'yōshū 3273:Khanbaliq 3191:Chen Yuyi 3162:Yan Jidao 3108:Shen Jiji 3084:Yuan Zhen 3072:Meng Jiao 2995:Old Hindi 2856:Al-Farabi 2812:Shahnameh 2656:Purgatory 2548:The Bible 2499:Prudenti 2228:Pharsalia 2122:Aristotle 2074:tragedies 2070:Euripides 2066:Sophocles 2062:Aeschylus 2054:tetralogy 1808:Zhang Hua 1668:Zuo Zhuan 1651:Zuo Zhuan 1578:Confucius 1432:Babylonia 1303:narrative 1259:(e.g., a 1241:education 1018:Malayalam 983:Pakistani 919:Southeast 911:Mongolian 827:Colombian 817:Brazilian 812:Argentine 745:Modernism 528:Criticism 322:Tocharian 277:Old Malay 272:Old Khmer 169:Old Tamil 116:Classical 8450:Archived 8420:Luo 2011 8408:Luo 2011 8396:Luo 2011 8384:Luo 2011 8372:Luo 2011 8360:Luo 2011 8348:Luo 2011 8336:Luo 2011 8324:Luo 2011 8312:Luo 2011 8300:Luo 2011 8288:Luo 2011 8276:Luo 2011 7951:Lee 2003 7939:Lee 2003 7927:Lee 2003 7915:Lee 2003 7903:Lee 2003 7879:Luo 2011 7867:Luo 2011 7855:Luo 2011 7843:Luo 2011 7831:Luo 2011 7819:Luo 2011 7807:Luo 2011 7795:Luo 2011 7783:Luo 2011 7771:Luo 2011 7759:Luo 2011 7747:Luo 2011 7732:Luo 2011 7613:Archived 7547:Archived 7490:Archived 7272:Luo 2011 7260:Luo 2011 7248:Luo 2011 7236:Luo 2011 7224:Luo 2011 7212:Luo 2011 7197:Luo 2011 7185:Luo 2011 7173:Luo 2011 7161:Luo 2011 7149:Luo 2011 7137:Luo 2011 7125:Luo 2011 7113:Luo 2011 7101:Luo 2011 7089:Luo 2011 7077:Luo 2011 7065:Luo 2011 7050:Luo 2011 7038:Luo 2011 7026:Luo 2011 7014:Luo 2011 7002:Luo 2011 6990:Luo 2011 6978:Luo 2011 6966:Luo 2011 6954:Luo 2011 6942:Luo 2011 6930:Luo 2011 6918:Luo 2011 6906:Luo 2011 6886:Archived 6857:Archived 6853:heise.de 6810:, p. 10 6707:Archived 6669:Archived 6442:Archived 6397:Archived 6319:Archived 6248:Archived 6130:Archived 6080:Archived 6058:Luo 2011 6046:Luo 2011 6034:Luo 2011 6022:Luo 2011 6010:Luo 2011 5998:Luo 2011 5986:Luo 2011 5974:Luo 2011 5962:Luo 2011 5950:Luo 2011 5938:Luo 2011 5926:Luo 2011 5914:Luo 2011 5902:Luo 2011 5890:Luo 2011 5878:Luo 2011 5858:Archived 5833:Luo 2011 5821:Luo 2011 5809:Luo 2011 5797:Luo 2011 5760:Luo 2011 5694:Luo 2011 5682:Luo 2011 5637:Archived 5530:Archived 5382:See also 5136:Yuan Mei 4947:westerns 4724:frontier 4622:Romantic 4557:such as 4496:Voltaire 4394:Heo Gyun 4209:and the 4201:and the 4076:Camerata 3933:Oroonoko 3725:Petrarch 3706:literacy 3696:through 3618:Tetzcoco 3554:Sanskrit 3542:and the 3502:such as 3301:Gao Ming 3281:Hangzhou 3227:Shen Kuo 3203:Xin Qiji 3201:, while 3150:Liu Yong 3126:Buddhist 3124:, a key 3112:Pei Xing 3080:Bai Juyi 3029:Lu Sidao 2862:about a 2854:include 2807:Ferdowsi 2674:Beatrice 2666:Paradise 2661:Paradiso 2632:cantiche 2562:and the 2556:theology 2417:Buddhism 2395:Ramayana 2391:Sanskrit 2257:Apuleius 2086:comedies 2082:Menander 2076:, while 2050:Dionysus 2023:Theogony 2020:and the 2004:and the 1953:epistles 1951:and the 1917:Arameans 1895:such as 1728:Chao Cuo 1704:idealism 1642:and the 1603:Analects 1586:politics 1573:Zhuangzi 1570:and the 1546:Analects 1410:metaphor 1346:and the 1307:language 1291:folklore 1225:writings 1112:Nigerian 1096:Moroccan 1084:Egyptian 1013:Kashmiri 998:Gujarati 988:Assamese 973:Sanskrit 901:Japanese 855:Oceanian 842:Peruvian 794:Jamaican 789:Canadian 784:American 709:Medieval 672:Armenian 659:European 620:Sumerian 336:Medieval 237:Japanese 232:Georgian 207:Bactrian 202:Armenian 174:Sanskrit 159:Phrygian 154:Parthian 103:Sumerian 68:Akkadian 5350:fantasy 5212:Hu Shih 5156:Shen Fu 5141:Pianwen 5022:lead a 4895:Imagism 4840:Midwest 4818:Realism 4750:Puritan 4637:Vormärz 4520:Realism 4419:Pansori 4327:samurai 4306:led by 4288:and by 4282:in the 4190:chuanqi 3886:Puritan 3818:jesters 3782:Molière 3597:cuícatl 3592:Nahuatl 3588:codices 3558:kakawin 3549:kakawin 3462:Ōkagami 3307:drama. 3277:Beijing 3237:compass 3146:Yan Shu 3037:Yang Su 2864:utopian 2835:Persian 2825:Persian 2763:Persian 2717:novella 2658:), and 2641:Inferno 2592:Beowulf 2524:Islamic 2449:Puranas 2387:Puranas 2247:Tacitus 2182:Sallust 2162:Plautus 2152:In the 2135:Poetics 2132:in his 2007:Odyssey 1984:Odyssey 1945:gospels 1921:ostraca 1913:Hebrews 1861:of the 1824:Liu Kun 1816:Pan Yue 1804:prosody 1784:Cao Cao 1738:Lunheng 1735:in his 1678:Sun Tzu 1626:Qu Yuan 1506:Fiction 1444:Hattusa 1436:Assyria 1414:scribes 1406:imagery 1122:Swahili 1066:African 1023:Marathi 1008:Kannada 993:Bengali 927:Burmese 896:Chinese 837:Mexican 822:Chilean 650:Israeli 640:Persian 635:Pahlavi 615:Ancient 595:Authors 574:Romance 317:Tibetan 307:Sogdian 242:Kannada 139:Aramaic 83:Hittite 73:Elamite 44:corpora 40:Ancient 8585: 8566: 8547: 8519: 8500: 8481: 8442: 8259: 7715: 7605: 7578: 7541: 7531: 7484: 7476: 6834: 6814: 6788: 6699: 6665:468772 6663: 6655: 6612:. 2024 6389: 6362: 6276: 6240: 6210: 6183: 6124: 6114: 5780: 5745: 5737: 5665: 5631: 5621: 5583: 5558: 5505: 5495: 5456: 5295:, and 5232:. The 5224:, and 5222:Lu Xun 5134:, and 4957:Canada 4925:, and 4913:, and 4901:, and 4885:, and 4873:, and 4846:, and 4842:, the 4838:, the 4626:Goethe 4516:Goethe 4479:, and 4438:, and 4374:, the 4371:akjang 4366:Joseon 4343:kabuki 4337:chōnin 4275:Huaben 4244:Li Zhi 4233:, and 4215:Xu Wei 4185:Qu You 4030:fables 3908:, and 3906:sonnet 3804:, and 3729:sonnet 3674:, and 3644:, the 3632:, the 3527:kyōgen 3483:, and 3371:fudoki 3366:Fudoki 3207:Yan Yu 3195:Lu You 3185:Su Shi 3152:, and 3076:Han Yu 3058:Li Bai 3035:, and 2933:, and 2915:Hebrew 2765:Queen 2670:Virgil 2534:saints 2520:knight 2425:Maurya 2409:wayang 2371:Smriti 2367:Shruti 2301:, and 2242:Annals 2207:Aeneid 2200:, and 2194:Horace 2190:Virgil 2178:Cicero 2068:, and 2046:Athens 2028:Sappho 2012:Hesiod 1901:Hebrew 1873:Levant 1828:Guo Pu 1820:Zuo Si 1814:, and 1786:. The 1718:Jia Yi 1666:. The 1654:, the 1621:Chu Ci 1446:. The 1442:, and 1440:Ugarit 1422:titles 1408:, and 1233:poetry 1043:Sindhi 1033:Nepali 978:Indian 963:Telugu 906:Korean 722:Modern 645:Arabic 630:Hebrew 564:Poetry 533:Theory 312:Telugu 297:Sabaic 217:Coptic 197:Arabic 179:Syriac 108:Ugarit 98:Lydian 93:Luwian 78:Hattic 33:by era 7539:S2CID 7482:S2CID 6661:JSTOR 6610:Vocal 6528:OAPEN 6122:JSTOR 6078:: 4. 5743:S2CID 5629:S2CID 5167:tanci 4844:South 4514:with 4060:Dafne 4055:opera 3757:essay 3713:novel 3515:renga 3376:tanka 3305:nanxi 3286:nanxi 3116:sutra 3068:Du Fu 2931:Yanai 2570:Latin 2405:Kecak 2383:Vedas 2233:Lucan 2114:Plato 2096:irony 2001:Iliad 1996:Homer 1949:Jesus 1812:Lu Ji 1402:lines 1398:Sumer 1352:from 1229:prose 1076:North 1003:Hindi 968:Tamil 950:South 878:Asian 832:Cuban 682:Latin 677:Greek 590:Books 582:Lists 569:Prose 559:Novel 546:Types 327:Welsh 287:Norse 227:Geʽez 8583:ISBN 8564:ISBN 8545:ISBN 8517:ISBN 8498:ISBN 8479:ISBN 8440:ISBN 8257:ISBN 7713:ISBN 7603:ISBN 7576:ISBN 7529:ISBN 7474:ISSN 6832:ISBN 6812:ISBN 6786:ISBN 6697:ISBN 6653:ISSN 6618:2024 6592:2024 6569:2024 6543:2024 6387:ISBN 6360:ISBN 6274:ISBN 6238:ISBN 6208:ISBN 6181:ISBN 6160:help 6112:ISBN 5778:ISBN 5735:ISSN 5663:ISBN 5619:ISBN 5581:ISBN 5556:ISBN 5503:OCLC 5493:ISBN 5454:ISBN 5352:and 5176:and 5161:guci 5087:The 5081:and 5018:and 4949:and 4933:and 4854:and 4836:West 4820:and 4804:and 4734:and 4685:and 4620:and 4603:and 4584:and 4522:and 4506:and 4383:gasa 4377:sijo 4334:and 4262:and 4171:aria 4141:and 4046:The 4024:and 3930:and 3691:The 3540:Java 3524:and 3459:and 3440:and 3412:waka 3402:waka 3388:The 3382:waka 3344:and 3322:and 3222:Zaju 3175:and 3098:and 3090:and 3082:and 3074:and 3056:and 3045:Tang 2941:and 2917:and 2903:and 2888:and 2817:Iran 2800:and 2785:and 2688:and 2672:and 2646:Hell 2595:and 2538:Bede 2490:and 2463:and 2427:and 2413:Pali 2397:and 2377:and 2369:and 2202:Ovid 2180:and 2172:and 2128:and 2080:and 1915:and 1899:and 1851:and 1830:and 1822:and 1584:and 1543:The 1528:and 1434:and 1362:and 1320:The 1305:and 1289:and 1287:myth 1257:data 1219:The 1048:Urdu 937:Thai 888:East 554:Epic 440:21st 435:20th 416:19th 411:18th 395:17th 390:16th 385:15th 366:14th 361:13th 356:12th 351:11th 346:10th 302:Saka 292:Pali 7521:doi 7466:doi 6645:doi 6532:doi 6315:BBC 5727:doi 5611:doi 5228:by 5220:by 5210:by 5119:by 4796:by 4701:by 4691:by 4681:by 4565:or 4332:noh 4292:in 4183:by 4097:by 4078:". 3962:by 3936:by 3926:by 3850:by 3735:'s 3616:of 3560:is 3521:noh 3508:by 3299:by 3209:'s 3167:shi 2858:'s 2809:'s 2710:by 2648:), 2626:by 2333:by 2267:of 2255:by 2245:of 2231:by 2044:of 1676:by 1562:Chu 1239:or 1231:or 1227:in 8614:: 8448:. 7739:^ 7611:. 7562:^ 7545:. 7537:. 7527:. 7505:^ 7488:. 7480:. 7472:. 7462:36 7460:. 7456:. 7204:^ 7057:^ 6884:. 6880:. 6855:. 6851:. 6803:, 6755:^ 6705:. 6667:. 6659:. 6651:. 6641:16 6639:. 6635:. 6608:. 6559:. 6530:. 6526:. 6440:. 6436:. 6412:^ 6395:. 6317:. 6313:. 6300:." 6246:. 6216:. 6152:: 6150:}} 6146:{{ 6139:. 6128:. 6120:. 6089:. 6074:. 5856:. 5852:. 5741:. 5733:. 5721:. 5717:. 5701:^ 5635:. 5627:. 5617:. 5595:^ 5528:. 5524:. 5501:. 5291:, 5287:, 5253:. 5214:, 5148:. 5130:, 5123:. 5099:. 5002:, 4998:, 4953:. 4921:, 4909:, 4897:, 4881:, 4869:, 4865:, 4850:. 4812:. 4776:. 4695:. 4644:. 4607:. 4592:. 4573:. 4561:, 4502:, 4498:, 4475:, 4434:, 4239:. 4227:, 4213:. 4113:. 4032:. 3956:. 3904:, 3800:, 3796:, 3792:, 3788:, 3784:, 3751:; 3670:, 3572:. 3477:, 3471:, 3432:. 3310:Qu 3259:. 3148:, 3132:. 3094:. 3063:cí 3052:. 3031:, 2997:. 2993:, 2965:. 2957:, 2953:, 2949:, 2929:, 2921:. 2870:. 2724:. 2704:. 2634:, 2613:. 2494:. 2486:, 2451:. 2419:. 2297:, 2293:, 2289:, 2277:. 2217:, 2196:, 2192:, 2120:. 2108:. 2098:. 2064:, 2060:. 1994:. 1959:. 1911:, 1810:, 1802:, 1726:. 1504:. 1404:, 1356:, 1293:. 8591:. 8572:. 8553:. 8525:. 8506:. 8487:. 8459:. 8265:. 7721:. 7622:. 7584:. 7556:. 7523:: 7499:. 7468:: 6895:. 6866:. 6716:. 6678:. 6647:: 6620:. 6594:. 6571:. 6545:. 6534:: 6451:. 6406:. 6368:. 6328:. 6282:. 6257:. 6189:. 6162:) 5867:. 5786:. 5749:. 5729:: 5723:1 5671:. 5646:. 5613:: 5589:. 5564:. 5539:. 5509:. 5462:. 2757:( 2664:( 2654:( 2644:( 2540:— 2356:) 2350:( 2345:) 2341:( 2327:. 2137:. 2009:. 1208:e 1201:t 1194:v 481:e 474:t 467:v 46:) 42:( 22:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index