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593:, plants, animals, and archaeological sites. Photographs and illustrations from the Powell expeditions greatly popularized the canyonland region of the southwest United States, especially the Grand Canyon (appreciating this, Powell added increasing resources to that aspect of his expeditions). Powell later used these photographs and illustrations in his lecture tours, making him a national figure. Rights to reproduce 650 of the expeditions' 1,400
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850:, and sitting room inside. Rates were $ 2.50 a day ($ 84.78 as of 2024), and the complex was 20 miles (30 km) west of the Grand Canyon Railway's Bass Station (Ash Fort). Bass also built the stage coach road that he used to carry his patrons from the train station to his hotel. A second Bass Camp was built along the Shinumo Creek drainage.
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the river. This shortened the expedition to one hundred days. Tired of being constantly cold, wet and hungry and not knowing they had already passed the worst rapids, three of Powell's men climbed out of the canyon in what is now called
Separation Canyon. Once out of the canyon, all three were reportedly killed by Shivwits band
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obstacle, the soldiers started searching for a way down to the canyon floor that would be passable for them along with their horses. After three full days, they still had not been successful, and it is speculated that the Hopi, who probably knew a way down to the canyon floor, were reluctant to lead them there.
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in 1911–12, they became the first to make a motion picture of a river trip through the canyon that itself was only the eighth such successful journey. From 1915 to 1975 the film they produced was shown twice a day to tourists with Emery Kolb at first narrating in person and later through tape (a feud
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down the
Colorado River and through the Grand Canyon. This first expedition was poorly funded and consequently no photographer or graphic artist was included. While in the Canyon of Lodore one of the group's four boats capsized, spilling most of their food and much of their scientific equipment into
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introduced a bill in 1887 to establish a national park at the Grand Canyon. The bill died in committee, but on
February 20, 1893, Harrison (then President of the United States) declared the Grand Canyon to be a National Forest Preserve. Mining and logging were allowed, but the designation did offer
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Closer to home, there is little disagreement that the most visible of the park's visibility problems stems from the park's popularity. On any given summer day the park is filled to capacity, or over-capacity. Basically the problem boils down to too many private automobiles vying for too few parking
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West Rim Drive was completed in 1912. In the late 1920s the first rim-to-rim access was established by the North Kaibab suspension bridge over the
Colorado River. Paved roads did not reach the less popular and more remote North Rim until 1926, and that area, being higher in elevation, is closed due
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As a last resort, Cárdenas finally commanded the three lightest and most agile men of his group to climb down by themselves (their names are given as Pablo de
Melgosa, Juan Galeras, and an unknown, third soldier). After several hours, the men returned, reporting that they had only made one third of
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guides and, assuming they took the most likely route, must have reached the canyon at the South Rim, probably between today's Desert View and Moran Point. According to Castañeda, he and his company came to a point "from whose brink it looked as if the opposite side must be more than three or four
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in addition to mud and poles to erect above-ground houses sometime around 800 CE. Thus the Pueblo period of
Ancestral Pueblo culture was initiated. In summer, the Puebloans migrated from the hot inner canyon to the cooler high plateaus and reversed the journey for winter. Large granaries and
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Two years later a much better-funded Powell-led party returned with redesigned boats and a chain of several supply stations along their route. This time, photographer E.O. Beaman and 17-year-old artist
Frederick Dellenbaugh were included. Beaman left the group in January 1872 over a dispute with
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Competition with the automobile forced the Santa Fe
Railroad to cease operation of the Grand Canyon Railway in 1968 (only three passengers were on the last run). The railway was restored and service reintroduced in 1989, and it has since carried hundreds of passengers a day. Trains remained the
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followed up on Powell's work in 1880–1881 with the first in-depth geological survey of the newly formed U.S. Geological Survey. Painters Thomas Moran and
William Henry Holmes accompanied Dutton, who was busy drafting detailed descriptions of the area's geology. The report that resulted from the
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to the
Colorado River. On September 19 near present-day National Canyon they came upon what May Humphreys Stacey described in his journal as "a wonderful canyon four thousand feet deep. Everyone (in the party) admitted that he never before saw anything to match or equal this astonishing natural
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An area of almost 310 square miles (800 km) adjacent to the park was designated as a second Grand Canyon National Monument on December 22, 1932. Marble Canyon National Monument was established on January 20, 1969, and covered about 41 square miles (105 km). An act signed by President
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The first automobile was driven to the Grand Canyon in January 1902. Oliver Lippincott from Los Angeles, drove his American Bicycle Company built Toledo steam car to the South Rim from Flagstaff. Lippincott, Al Doyle a guide from Flagstaff and two writers set out on the afternoon of January 2,
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A man of his time, Ives discounted his own impressions on the beauty of the canyon and declared it and the surrounding area as "altogether valueless", remarking that his expedition would be "the last party of whites to visit this profitless locality". Attached to Ives' expedition was geologist
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wide (13–16 km, 8–10 mi), which is quite accurate. At the same time, however, they believed that the river, which they could see from above, was only 2 m (6 ft) wide (in reality it is about a hundred times wider). Being in dire need of water, and wanting to cross the giant
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Air pollution from those vehicles and wind-blown pollution from Las Vegas, Nevada area has reduced visibility in the Grand Canyon and vicinity. During the past decade, various regional coal-fired electric utilities having little or no pollution control equipment were targeted as the primary
222:. Further refinement of agriculture and technology led to a more sedentary and stable lifestyle for the Ancestral Pueblo starting around 500 CE. Contemporary with the flourishing of Ancestral Pueblo culture, another group, called the Cohonina lived west of the current site of
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Large numbers of dated archaeological sites indicate that the Ancestral Pueblo and the Cohonina flourished until about 1200 CE. But something happened a hundred years later that forced both of these cultures to move away. Several lines of evidence led to a theory that
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rides down Bright Angel Trail were mass-marketed by the El Tovar Hotel. By the early 1990s, 20,000 people per year made the journey into the canyon by mule, 800,000 by hiking, 22,000 passed through the canyon by raft, and another 700,000 tourists fly over it in air tours
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in 1857. He was tried and executed for this crime in 1877. During his trial he played host to members of the Powell Expedition who were waiting for their photographer, Major James Fennemore, to arrive (Fennemore took the last photo of Lee sitting on his own
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Early residents soon realized that tourism was destined to be more profitable than mining, and by the turn of the 20th century the Grand Canyon was a well-known tourist destination. Most visitors made the gruelling trip from nearby towns to the South Rim by
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The Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie, of Kentucky: During an Expedition from St. Louis, Through the Vast Regions Between that Place and the Pacific Ocean, and Thence Back Through the City of Mexico to Vera Cruz, During Journeyings of Six Years,
725:(7 kW) auto. Winfield Hoggaboon, one of the writers on the trip, wrote an amusing and detailed three page article in the Los Angeles Herald Illustrated Magazine on February 2, 1902, "To the Grand Canyon by Automobile". A three-day drive from
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the distance down to the river, and that "what seemed easy from above was not so". Furthermore, they claimed that some of the boulders which they had seen from the rim, and estimated to be about as tall as a man, were in fact bigger than the
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Green, Mark; Farber, R; Lien, N; Gebhart, K; Molenar, J; Iyer, H; Eatough, D (November 1, 2005). "The effects of scrubber installation at the Navajo Generating Station on particulate sulfur and visibility levels in the Grand Canyon".
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was started in 1889 to survey the route for a "water-level" railroad line through the canyons of the Colorado River to the Gulf of California. The proposed Denver, Colorado Canyon, and Pacific Railway was to carry coal from mines in
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as they became less nomadic and more dependent on agriculture. A similar culture, the Cochimi also lived in the canyon area. Drought in the late 13th century likely caused both groups to move on. Other people followed, including the
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out of the canyon and its rock made the whole exercise not worth the effort. Most moved on, but some stayed to seek profit in the tourist trade. Their activities did improve pre-existing Indian trails, such as the
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Jacob Hamblin, a Narrative of His Personal Experience, as a Frontiersman, Missionary to the Indians and Explorer, Disclosing Interpositions of Providence, Severe Privations, Perilous Situations and Remarkable
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381:, at 104.1 m (342 ft). Cárdenas finally had to give up and returned to the main army. His report of an impassable barrier forestalled further visitation to the area for two hundred years.
400:. Also in 1776, Fray Francisco Garces, a Franciscan missionary, spent a week near Havasupai, unsuccessfully attempting to convert a band of Native Americans. He described the canyon as "profound".
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were found in the Redwall Limestone cliffs of the Inner Gorge that were dated in this range. These animal figurines are a few inches (7 to 8 cm) in height and made primarily from twigs of
214:(also called the Histatsinom, meaning "people who lived long ago") evolved from the Desert Culture sometime around 500 BCE. This group inhabited the rim and inner canyon and survived by
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Current archaeological evidence suggests that humans inhabited the Grand Canyon area as far back as 4,000 years ago and at least were passers-through for 6,500 years before that.
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along with some limited agriculture. Noted for their basketmaking skills (hence their name), they lived in small communal bands inside caves and circular mud structures called
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who thought they were miners that recently molested and killed a female Shivwit. All those who stayed with Powell survived and that group successfully ran most of the canyon.
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joined the expedition in the summer of 1873, after the river voyage and thus only viewed the canyon from the rim. His 1873 painting "Chasm of the Colorado" was bought by the
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opened within steps of the Grand Canyon Railway's terminus. El Tovar was named for Don Pedro de Tovar who tradition says is the Spaniard who learned about the canyon from
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preferred way to travel to the canyon until they were surpassed by the auto in the 1930s. By the early 1990s more than a million automobiles per year visited the park.
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near Grandview to tourists in 1886 only to sell it nine years later in order to start a long career as a Grand Canyon guide (in 1896 he also became local postmaster).
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guides to the Grand Canyon. More than 200 years passed before two Spanish priests became the second party of non-Native Americans to see the canyon. U.S. Army Major
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on January 3, 1975, doubled the size of Grand Canyon National Park by merging these adjacent national monuments and other federal land into it. That same act gave
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and a group of American trappers and mountain men were probably the next Europeans to reach the canyon in 1826, although there is little supporting documentation.
761:, (15 miles away) was identified as the primary source for anywhere from fifty percent to ninety percent of the Grand Canyon's air quality problems. In 1999, the
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visited the Grand Canyon in 1903. An avid outdoorsman and staunch conservationist, he established the Grand Canyon Game Preserve on November 28, 1906. Livestock
499:. After two months and 350 miles (560 km) of difficult navigation, his party reached Black Canyon some two months after George Johnson. In the process, the
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was incorporated in 1892 and charged with building services along the stage route to the canyon. In 1896 the same man who bought Hance's Grandview ranch opened
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anticipating a seven-hour journey. Two days later, the hungry and dehydrated party arrived at their destination; the countryside was just too rough for the ten-
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started to bring tourists from Flagstaff to the Grand Canyon the next year—an eleven-hour trip greatly reduced in 1901 when a spur of the Santa Fe Railroad to
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206:. This and other evidence suggests that these inner canyon dwellers were part of Desert Culture; a group of semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer Native American. The
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on the South Rim in 1905 and Phantom Ranch in the Inner Gorge in 1922. Although first afforded federal protection in 1893 as a forest reserve and later as a
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653:) on November 25 and traveled through the Grand Canyon. The expedition reached the Gulf of California on April 26, 1890 but the railroad was never built.
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With the advent of commercial flights, the Grand Canyon has been a popular site for aircraft overflights. However, a series of accidents resulted in the
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caused a severe drought in the region from 1276 to 1299, forcing these agriculture-dependent cultures to move on. Many Ancestral Pueblo relocated to the
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The report indicates that they greatly misjudged the proportions of the gorge. On the one hand, they estimated that the canyon was about three to four
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in the 1850s to locate easy river crossing sites in the canyon. Building good relations with local Native Americans and white settlers, he discovered
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Prospectors in the 1870s and 1880s staked mining claims in the canyon. They hoped that previously discovered deposits of asbestos, copper, lead, and
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for 11 years. Grand Canyon National Park was finally established as the 17th U.S. National Park by an Act of Congress signed into law by President
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to the GCR to bring back steam operations, the GCR decided to bring back steam operations, as they converted both of their operational steamers,
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from the east and Cerbat from the west were the first humans to reestablish settlements in and around the Grand Canyon. The Paiute settled the
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system spanning the Colorado went into operation at Rust's Camp, located near the mouth of Bright Angel Creek, in 1907. Former U.S. President
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and helped to advance that science. Both the Powell and Dutton expeditions helped to increase interest in the canyon and surrounding region.
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survive from this period. There are around 2,000 known Ancestral Pueblo archaeological sites in park boundaries. The most accessible site is
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157:. Today, Grand Canyon National Park receives about five million visitors each year, a far cry from the annual visitation of 44,173 in 1919.
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was the first person who catered to travelers to the canyon. In 1872 he established a ferry service at the confluence of the Colorado and
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2500:"Saving the Life Work of Two Daring Grand Canyon Photographers: The Emery Kolb Collection at Northern Arizona University's Cline Library"
992:. Much of the lodge was destroyed by fire in the winter of 1932, and a rebuilt lodge did not open until 1937. The facility is managed by
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to have their photos taken. The Kolb Brothers processed the prints before their customers returned to the rim. Using the newly invented
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to explore the region and document its scientific offerings. On May 24, 1869, the group of nine men set out from Green River Station in
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tribe. From that point, the park stretched along a 278-mile (447 km) segment of the Colorado River from the southern border of
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stretches back 10,500 years, when the first evidence of human presence in the area is found. Native Americans have inhabited the
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2074:. National Research Council, Water Science and Technology Board. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2007. p. 36.
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as the official photographer (nearly one ton of photographic equipment was needed on site to process each shot). Famed painter
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travel along the North Rim again, together with a group of Spanish soldiers, exploring southern Utah in search of a route from
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on January 11, 1908. Opponents, such as holders of land and mining claims, blocked efforts to reclassify the monument as a
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637:. Expedition leader Frank M. Brown, his chief engineer Robert Brewster Stanton, and 14 other men set out in six boats from
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2216:. Translated by George Parker Winship. Seville (orig.); Golden, Colorado (trans.): Fulcrum Publishing. pp. 115–117.
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opened a tent house campground in 1890. Bass Camp had a small central building with common facilities such as a kitchen,
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in the western part of the current park has been occupied for centuries. Adjacent to the eastern part of the park is the
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and dehydration while ascending from the canyon (normal exhaustion and injured ankles are also common in rescuees). An
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than an average diesel unit, hence they can also be more pricey to operate and maintain. However, after a variety of
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to winter weather from November to April. Construction of a road along part of the South Rim was completed in 1935.
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that a boat run through the Grand Canyon to complete the survey would be worth the risk. Powell was a major in the
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The first Europeans reached the Grand Canyon in September 1540. It was a group of about 13 Spanish soldiers led by
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and helped to advance that science. In the late 19th century, the promise of mineral resources—mainly copper and
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was launched in 1857 to investigate the area's potential for natural resources, to find railroad routes to the
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struck a rock and was abandoned. The group later traveled eastwards along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon.
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Powell and his replacement, James Fennemore, quit August that same year due to poor health, leaving boatman
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and local stone at a cost of $ 250,000 for the hotel ($ 8,480,000 as of 2024) and another $ 50,000 for the
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spaces. Emissions from all those automobiles and tour buses contributes greatly to air pollution problems.
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was completed. The first scheduled train with paying passengers of the Grand Canyon Railway arrived from
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New hiking trails, along old Indian trails, were established during this time as well. The world-famous
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who had a very different impression of the canyon. After returning, Newberry convinced fellow geologist
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stayed at the camp in 1913. That, along with the fact that while president he declared Grand Canyon a
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460:(later operated by, and named for, Harrison Pierce)—the only two sites suitable for ferry operation.
1685:. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
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north of the Colorado River and the Cerbat built their communities south of the river, on the
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Colorado River Basin water management: evaluating and adjusting to hydroclimatic variability
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were sold to help fund future Powell projects. In 1881 he became the second director of the
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These audio files were created from a revision of this article dated 22 July 2005
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Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company, Grand Canyon Tourism Promotional materials
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units, gave the environment more visible smoke. Not only that, but the steamers burn more
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in 1902 as company architect. She was responsible for five buildings at the Grand Canyon:
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declared the Fred Harvey Company to the official park concessionaire in 1920 and bought
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would be profitable to mine. Access to and from this remote region and problems getting
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was increasing national interest in preserving natural wonders like the Grand Canyon.
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In 1917 on the North Rim, W.W. Wylie built accommodations at Bright Angel Point. The
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are descended from the Cerbat and still live in the immediate area. The village of
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made the first geologic observations of the canyon and surrounding area in 1856.
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For approximately one hundred years the canyon area was uninhabited by humans.
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2292:(3rd ed.). North Palm Beach, Florida: National Photographic Collections.
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caves in the inner canyon indicate ages of 3,000 to 4,000 years. In the 1950s
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1654:. NPS contributors. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service. 1920. p. 9.
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opened in 1884 near Diamond Creek and was in operation until 1889. That year
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Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of Grand Canyon National Park
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theater just outside the park shows a reenactment of the Powell Expedition.
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and was published in 1882. This and later study by geologists uncovered the
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Canyon National Park
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as their main motive power for their trackage, since they felt that their
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in the Lt. Joseph Ives expedition up the Colorado River. Period engraving.
29:(1882). Artwork such as this was used to popularize the Grand Canyon area.
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1437:"A pre–21st century history of ideas on the origin of the Grand Canyon"
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Report Upon the Colorado River of the West: Explored in 1857 and 1858
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south of the canyon. Conservationists lost a battle to save upstream
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in 1908, led to the camp being renamed Roosevelt's Camp. In 1922 the
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2009:. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. pp. 79.7.7
1479:. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, pp. 54, 139–140.
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established another ferry service at the western end of the canyon.
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More than a decade after the Ives Expedition and with help from the
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developed many facilities at the Grand Canyon, including the luxury
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Edward Fitzgerald Beale, a Pioneer in the Path of Empire, 1822–1903
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was completed in 1966 to control flooding and to provide water and
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in Grand Canyon Village. The Cameron Hotel opened in 1903, and its
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stationary sources of Grand Canyon air pollution. In the 1980s the
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later commended the railroad for its limited environmental impact.
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Pattie, James Ohio; Thwaites, Reuben Gold; Flint, Timothy (1905).
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Secrets in The Grand Canyon, Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks
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growth to occur on the riverbed, giving the river a green color.
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caravans intent on descending down the canyon would stop at the
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in 1907 was required to reach the North Rim for the first time.
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were performed, mostly for unprepared hikers who suffered from
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opened on the North Rim in 1928. Built by a subsidiary of the
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rivers. Lee was in hiding, having been accused of leading the
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Ancestral Pueblo food storage building ruins at Tusayan Pueblo
2110:"The National Parks Overflight Act of 1987 Public Law 100-91"
1628:(1st ed.). University of New Mexico Press. p. 123.
1185:
1098:
896:-styled rustic hotel complex, which was built with logs from
686:
A group photo of passengers who rode on the first run of the
2231:
Harris, Ann G.; Tuttle, Esther; Tuttle, Sherwood D. (1997).
418:
in 1848 ceded the Grand Canyon region to the United States.
2469:
1298:
made the first geologic observations of the canyon in 1856.
1102:
1041:
1030:
1009:
885:
746:
726:
657:
619:
A Tertiary History of The Grand Canyon District, with Atlas
361:
274:
94:
1708:
2134:"Grand Canyon Railway | Grand Canyon Railway & Hotel"
1678:
1000:
and the Auto Camp Lodge opened in 1935 on the South Rim.
661:
229:
Ancestral Pueblo in the Grand Canyon area started to use
153:
status until 1919, three years after the creation of the
2319:
American Indians at Grand Canyon – Past and Present
2184:"Grand Canyon Railway Steam - Powered by WVO - YouTube"
1539:
2273:. Los Angeles: Perpetua Press. pp. 16–19, 30–32.
1877:
2343:
When and Why Did Grand Canyon Become a National Park?
1881:
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
589:
The Powell expeditions systematically cataloged rock
531:, a conflict that cost him his right forearm in the
2482:
usparks.about.com – Grand Canyon National Park
2230:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1702:
645:. The expedition was restarted by Stanton from the
109:. This and later study by geologists uncovered the
81:In September 1540, under direction by conquistador
2363:
1569:
1490:
1077:were established by the early 1890s. U.S. Senator
2254:(5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1651:Rules and Regulations, Grand Canyon National Park
3025:
2027:
2025:
2023:
1942:
1843:
1829:The Geologic Story of Colorado National Monument
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1529:. Vol. 18. Chicago: A.H. Clark. p. 14.
1184:. In addition, clearer water allows significant
335:, the largest reservation in the United States.
2235:(5th ed.). Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1679:Ives, Joseph C.; Newberry, John Strong (1861).
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1053:with Fred Harvey prevented pre-1915 showings).
565:from the second Powell Expedition, c. 1872
1988:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1153:. Grand Canyon National Park was designated a
467:led an expedition to survey a wagon road from
384:Only in 1776 did two Spanish Priests, Fathers
2531:
2020:
1930:"EPA Debates Controls For Grand Canyon Air".
1815:
1813:
1811:
1720:
1698:
1696:
693:A rail line to the largest city in the area,
2939:List of trails in Grand Canyon National Park
2268:
1982:
1970:
1957:
1862:
1777:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1488:
1403:
1397:
1350:
45:for at least the last 4,000 of those years.
2477:American Park Network: Grand Canyon History
2250:Kiver, Eugene P.; Harris, David V. (1999).
2249:
2031:
2003:"Records of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ"
1735:
1714:
1533:
1369:
1311:
2538:
2524:
2159:Grand Canyon Railway Steam Program Tribute
1831:. United States Department of the Interior
1808:
1693:
1105:were eradicated. Roosevelt added adjacent
785:John D.Lee (Utah State Historical Society)
745:The primary mobile source of Grand Canyon
300:, or the Diné, arrived in the area later.
2209:
1607:. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons. p.
1540:Hamblin, Jacob; Little, James A. (1971).
1482:
1460:
1420:
303:All three cultures were stable until the
2664:Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument
2437:
1873:
1871:
1625:The Road West: Saga of the 35th Parallel
1430:
1428:
959:
871:
834:
780:
681:
603:
557:
505:
491:. The group traveled in a stern wheeler
428:
273:drainages, where their descendants, the
251:
174:
17:
1109:lands and re-designated the preserve a
880:Things changed in 1905 when the luxury
338:
3026:
2451:, and do not reflect subsequent edits.
2210:Pedro de Castañeda of Najera (1990) .
1819:
1600:
1477:Coronado: Knight of Pueblos and Plains
1434:
2519:
2470:Grand Canyon Railway official website
2287:
2007:Records of the National Park Service
1868:
1802:
1621:
1425:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1344:
1056:
582:in 1874 and hung in the lobby of the
93:led a party of Spanish soldiers with
2908:Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869
2361:
1567:
1147:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
953:gave the facility its current name,
865:started to charge a toll to use the
2913:1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision
2212:The Journey of Coronado, 1540–1542
1969:Reference for the whole paragraph:
1572:The rough guide to the Grand Canyon
1093:was reduced, but predators such as
984:who was also the architect for the
149:, the Grand Canyon did not achieve
13:
3049:Native American history of Arizona
2355:
1375:
1151:Lake Mead National Recreation Area
433:The 54-foot (16 m) paddle wheeler
356:on its quest to find the fabulous
14:
3060:
2385:
2366:Grand Canyon The Continuing Story
776:
677:
242:, which was constructed sometime
78:by the United States Government.
3000:Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets
2934:Grand Canyon Backcountry Camping
2545:
2436:
2424:
2414:
2335: This article incorporates
2330:
2311: This article incorporates
2306:
2269:O'Connor, Letitia Burns (1992).
1547:. Ayer Publishing. p. 136.
740:
623:geology of the Grand Canyon area
160:
111:geology of the Grand Canyon area
35:history of the Grand Canyon area
2993:The Man Who Walked Through Time
2203:
2176:
2150:
2126:
2102:
2062:
2037:
1976:
1963:
1923:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1672:
1642:
1615:
1594:
1561:
1284:
1172:from becoming a reservoir. The
876:The El Tovar Hotel in the 1900s
697:, was completed in 1882 by the
74:, only to be later forced onto
53:and later as the more familiar
3044:History of Arizona by location
3007:Grand Canyon: A Different View
2918:Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6
2288:Tufts, Lorraine Salem (1998).
1901:10.1080/10473289.2005.10464759
1622:Dodge, Bertha Sanford (1980).
1515:
1469:
1391:
1061:By the late 19th century, the
563:Noon Day Rest in Marble Canyon
542:, Powell led the first of the
352:, dispatched from the army of
137:, increased dramatically. The
1:
2586:Grand Canyon Village, Arizona
1493:Grand Canyon, The Great Abyss
1305:
1003:
354:Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
243:
83:Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
23:Foot of Toroweap Looking East
2512:, U.S. National Park Service
2045:"Grand Canyon National Park"
1840:(adapted public domain text)
1435:Ranney, Wayne (April 2014).
980:, the lodge was designed by
403:
390:Silvestre VĂ©lez de Escalante
386:Francisco Atanasio DomĂnguez
249:and housed 30 or so people.
103:Powell Geographic Expedition
41:and the area now covered by
7:
2659:Grand Canyon Forest Reserve
2047:. About.com. Archived from
1272:Havasupai–Hualapai language
1265:
1149:to the eastern boundary of
416:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
196:split-twig animal figurines
10:
3065:
2576:Grand Canyon National Park
1475:Herbert E. Bolton (1964).
1262:by third-party suppliers.
1210:and their parent company,
1121:on February 26, 1919. The
912:Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter
855:Grand Canyon Hotel Company
672:
510:John Wesley Powell in 1869
343:
164:
105:through the canyon on the
43:Grand Canyon National Park
2926:
2898:
2877:
2846:
2798:
2614:
2553:
2252:Geology of U.S. Parklands
2233:Geology of National Parks
1576:. Rough Guides. pp.
1497:. HarperCollins. p.
982:Gilbert Stanley Underwood
820:opened a larger hotel at
798:Mountain Meadows massacre
763:Mohave Generating Station
755:Navajo Generating Station
617:team's effort was titled
527:and was a veteran of the
2949:Grand Canyon Conservancy
1703:Harris & Tuttle 1997
1601:Bonsal, Stephen (1912).
1277:
630:Brown-Stanton expedition
448:missionary) was sent by
350:GarcĂa LĂłpez de Cárdenas
279:19 Pueblos of New Mexico
91:GarcĂa LĂłpez de Cárdenas
47:Ancestral Pueblo peoples
2780:Uinkaret volcanic field
2669:Grand Canyon Supergroup
2561:Black Suspension Bridge
2032:Kiver & Harris 1999
1736:Kiver & Harris 1999
1715:Kiver & Harris 1999
1370:Kiver & Harris 1999
1296:Pacific Railroad Survey
1193:Overflights Act of 1987
540:Smithsonian Institution
465:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
424:Pacific Railroad Survey
360:. The group was led by
315:efforts that ended the
311:in 1882 as part of the
2987:(2017 children's book)
2494:Grand Canyon North Rim
2399:Listen to this article
2337:public domain material
2313:public domain material
2094:: CS1 maint: others (
1820:Lohman, S. W. (1981).
1664:: CS1 maint: others (
1258:collected from nearby
1214:, decided to use only
1197:United States Congress
1111:U.S. National Monument
994:TW Recreation Services
974:Union Pacific Railroad
965:
947:U.S. National Monument
928:Desert View Watchtower
877:
840:
786:
690:
609:
599:U.S. Geological Survey
580:United States Congress
566:
511:
469:Fort Defiance, Arizona
438:
379:Great Tower of Seville
365:leagues by air line."
257:
190:of artifacts found in
183:
147:U.S. National Monument
30:
3013:Grand Canyon Escalade
2977:A Bigger Grand Canyon
2833:Little Colorado River
2571:Grand Canyon Escalade
2362:Rudd, Connie (1990).
2348:National Park Service
2324:National Park Service
1938:(7/8): 11. July 1991.
1489:Page Stegner (1994).
1388:American Park Network
1157:on October 24, 1979.
1123:National Park Service
1063:conservation movement
963:
951:National Park Service
875:
838:
784:
685:
607:
561:
509:
432:
271:Little Colorado River
255:
216:hunting and gathering
182:from the Grand Canyon
178:
155:National Park Service
57:, developed from the
21:
3039:Grand Canyon history
2654:Grand Canyon Caverns
2644:Ericameria arizonica
2581:Grand Canyon Skywalk
2460:More spoken articles
2138:Grand Canyon Railway
1208:Grand Canyon Railway
1127:William Wallace Bass
844:William Wallace Bass
839:William Wallace Bass
707:Grand Canyon Village
688:Grand Canyon Railway
517:John Strong Newberry
398:Monterey, California
394:Santa Fe, New Mexico
358:Seven Cities of Gold
339:European exploration
224:Grand Canyon Village
135:Grand Canyon Village
127:Grand Canyon Railway
87:Seven Cities of Gold
2684:Sixtymile Formation
2679:Nankoweap Formation
2649:Esplanade Sandstone
1893:2005JAWMA..55.1675G
1568:Ward, Greg (2003).
1453:2014Geosp..10..233R
1256:waste vegetable oil
1254:, to burn recycled
1228:, as well as their
1178:hydroelectric power
1164:started to impound
1155:World Heritage Site
1015:fixed-wing aircraft
888:and told Coronado.
477:U.S. War Department
414:The signing of the
309:Indian reservations
212:Basketmaker III Era
180:Split-twig figurine
139:Fred Harvey Company
85:to find the fabled
51:Basketmaker culture
2955:Grand Canyon Suite
2838:Bright Angel Creek
2768:Bright Angel Shale
2624:Agave phillipsiana
2487:2006-04-17 at the
1462:10.1130/ges00960.1
1222:diesel locomotives
1087:Theodore Roosevelt
1057:Protection efforts
1023:search and rescues
998:Bright Angel Lodge
978:Utah Parks Company
970:Grand Canyon Lodge
966:
964:Grand Canyon Lodge
943:Theodore Roosevelt
932:Bright Angel Lodge
890:Charles Whittlesey
878:
867:Bright Angel Trail
859:Bright Angel Hotel
841:
787:
691:
667:Bright Angel Trail
610:
567:
544:Powell Expeditions
529:American Civil War
525:United States Army
521:John Wesley Powell
512:
489:Gulf of California
479:expedition led by
439:
305:United States Army
258:
188:Radiocarbon dating
184:
151:U.S. National Park
99:John Wesley Powell
31:
3034:American frontier
3021:
3020:
2962:Desert Wonderland
2748:Redwall Limestone
2723:Hyaloclastite Dam
2699:Shinumo Quartzite
2596:Marble Canyon Dam
2566:Bridge Canyon Dam
2429:
2419:
2370:. KC Publishing.
2081:978-0-309-10524-8
1985:, pp. 18, 32
1887:(11): 1675–1682.
1226:steam locomotives
1129:out of business.
1082:some protection.
1079:Benjamin Harrison
1050:Pathé Bray camera
711:Williams, Arizona
699:Santa Fe Railroad
647:Dirty Devil River
639:Green River, Utah
409:James Ohio Pattie
131:Williams, Arizona
27:William H. Holmes
3056:
2785:Vasey's Paradise
2718:Hermit Formation
2540:
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2309:
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2284:
2271:The Grand Canyon
2265:
2246:
2227:
2198:
2197:
2195:
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2180:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2162:, archived from
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1395:
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1299:
1288:
988:in California's
822:Dripping Springs
767:Laughlin, Nevada
649:(a tributary of
533:Battle of Shiloh
294:Coconino Plateau
248:
245:
208:Ancestral Pueblo
129:was opened from
33:The known human
3064:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
2980:(1998 painting)
2922:
2894:
2873:
2854:Harvey Butchart
2842:
2799:Bodies of water
2794:
2790:Vulcan's Throne
2708:Grand Staircase
2634:Cardenas Basalt
2610:
2549:
2544:
2506:, December 1998
2489:Wayback Machine
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2434:
2425:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2402:(2 parts,
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2398:
2388:
2378:
2358:
2356:Further reading
2340:
2331:
2316:
2307:
2300:
2281:
2262:
2243:
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2206:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2188:www.youtube.com
2182:
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2021:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1822:"Late Arrivals"
1818:
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1801:
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1302:
1289:
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1280:
1268:
1174:Glen Canyon Dam
1107:national forest
1075:Yosemite Valley
1059:
1027:heat exhaustion
1006:
990:Yosemite Valley
894:arts and crafts
807:Harrison Pierce
779:
743:
680:
675:
614:Clarence Dutton
608:Clarence Dutton
572:John K. Hillers
481:Lt. Joseph Ives
406:
346:
341:
246:
173:
163:
49:, first as the
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11:
5:
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2859:Colin Fletcher
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2806:Colorado River
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2775:Toroweap Fault
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2702:
2701:
2696:
2694:Bass Formation
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2387:
2386:External links
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1932:National Parks
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1717:, p. 396.
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1447:(2): 233–242.
1424:
1421:Castañeda 1596
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1119:Woodrow Wilson
1095:mountain lions
1067:National Parks
1058:
1055:
1005:
1002:
986:Ahwahnee Hotel
920:Lookout Studio
882:El Tovar Hotel
778:
777:Accommodations
775:
742:
739:
679:
678:Transportation
676:
674:
671:
405:
402:
345:
342:
340:
337:
307:moved them to
263:climate change
240:Tusayan Pueblo
162:
159:
143:El Tovar Hotel
125:. In 1901 the
107:Colorado River
59:Desert Culture
9:
6:
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2972:
2970:
2966:
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2957:
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2778:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Tanner Graben
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:Kanab Plateau
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Hakatai Shale
2711:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
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2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Dox Formation
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Bat Cave mine
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2606:Phantom Ranch
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
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2541:
2536:
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2527:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2497:
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2490:
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2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2377:0-88714-046-7
2373:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2299:0-9620255-3-4
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2280:0-88363-969-6
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2261:0-471-33218-6
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2242:0-7872-5353-7
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2223:1-55591-066-1
2219:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2166:on 2023-05-15
2165:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2111:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2051:on 2006-04-17
2050:
2046:
2040:
2034:, p. 395
2033:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:O'Connor 1992
1979:
1972:
1971:O'Connor 1992
1966:
1959:
1958:O'Connor 1992
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1863:O'Connor 1992
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1772:O'Connor 1992
1768:
1761:
1760:O'Connor 1992
1756:
1749:
1748:O'Connor 1992
1744:
1738:, p. 397
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1635:0-8263-0526-1
1631:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1587:1-84353-052-X
1583:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1556:
1554:0-8369-5899-3
1550:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1510:
1508:0-06-258564-9
1504:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:O'Connor 1992
1394:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1372:, p. 396
1371:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
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1339:
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1325:
1323:
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1317:
1315:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:In 2008, the
1204:
1202:
1201:noise problem
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Havasu Canyon
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:National Park
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Kolb Brothers
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
962:
958:
956:
955:Phantom Ranch
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
924:Hermit's Rest
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
892:designed the
891:
887:
883:
874:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
837:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:Louis Boucher
815:
812:The two-room
810:
808:
804:
799:
795:
791:
783:
774:
770:
768:
764:
760:
759:Page, Arizona
756:
750:
748:
741:Air pollution
738:
734:
730:
728:
724:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:Stage coaches
700:
696:
689:
684:
670:
668:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
643:Marble Canyon
640:
636:
631:
626:
624:
620:
615:
606:
602:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
564:
560:
556:
554:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
508:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:Brigham Young
447:
443:
442:Jacob Hamblin
436:
431:
427:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
374:
371:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
336:
334:
333:Navajo Nation
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
254:
250:
241:
237:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
181:
177:
172:
168:
161:Early history
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:led the 1869
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
56:
55:Pueblo people
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
28:
24:
20:
16:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2985:Grand Canyon
2984:
2975:
2969:Grand Canyon
2968:
2960:
2953:
2899:
2821:Havasu Falls
2816:Havasu Creek
2758:Temple Butte
2743:Prospect Dam
2738:Newton Butte
2601:Maswik Lodge
2547:Grand Canyon
2503:
2498:Diane Grua,
2365:
2342:
2318:
2289:
2270:
2251:
2232:
2214:
2211:
2204:Bibliography
2191:. Retrieved
2187:
2178:
2168:, retrieved
2164:the original
2158:
2152:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2117:. Retrieved
2104:
2070:
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:the original
2039:
2011:. Retrieved
2006:
1978:
1973:, p. 32
1965:
1960:, p. 31
1935:
1931:
1925:
1884:
1880:
1865:, p. 30
1833:. Retrieved
1828:
1805:, p. 13
1774:, p. 18
1767:
1762:, p. 19
1755:
1750:, p. 17
1743:
1710:
1681:
1674:
1650:
1644:
1624:
1617:
1603:
1596:
1571:
1563:
1542:
1535:
1524:
1517:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1444:
1440:
1400:, p. 16
1393:
1347:, p. 12
1292:Jules Marcou
1286:
1205:
1190:
1159:
1141:back to the
1131:
1084:
1060:
1035:
1007:
967:
936:
930:(1932), and
906:
879:
852:
842:
814:Farlee Hotel
811:
788:
771:
751:
744:
735:
731:
719:
692:
655:
627:
618:
611:
595:stereographs
588:
576:Thomas Moran
568:
562:
537:
513:
500:
496:
474:
472:curiosity."
462:
458:Pierce Ferry
456:in 1858 and
440:
434:
420:Jules Marcou
413:
407:
383:
375:
367:
347:
302:
283:
281:, now live.
259:
228:
185:
119:
80:
76:reservations
39:Grand Canyon
34:
32:
22:
15:
2971:(1958 film)
2864:Kenton Grua
2828:Kanab Creek
2763:Tonto Group
2728:Isis Temple
2689:Unkar Group
2674:Chuar Group
2591:Kolb Studio
1705:, p. 7
1260:restaurants
1170:Glen Canyon
1135:Gerald Ford
1073:and around
1071:Yellowstone
1046:Kolb Studio
976:called the
908:Fred Harvey
848:dining room
828:opened his
790:John D. Lee
651:Glen Canyon
454:Lee's Ferry
317:Indian Wars
247: 1185
234:multi-room
3028:Categories
2869:John Hance
2811:Deer Creek
2554:Facilities
2504:Annotation
2456:Audio help
2447:2005-07-22
2193:2021-02-12
2170:2021-02-12
2143:2021-02-12
2119:2009-03-22
2055:2006-12-31
2013:2009-03-22
1835:2009-05-03
1803:Tufts 1998
1345:Tufts 1998
1306:References
1290:Geologist
1162:Hoover Dam
1085:President
1019:helicopter
1004:Activities
916:Hopi House
826:John Hance
723:horsepower
612:Geologist
591:formations
485:west coast
267:Rio Grande
204:cottonwood
165:See also:
123:stagecoach
89:, Captain
70:, and the
2885:Havasupai
2090:cite book
1660:cite book
1441:Geosphere
1244:protested
1182:sand bars
1166:Lake Mead
1160:In 1935,
1143:Havasupai
939:cable car
715:John Muir
695:Flagstaff
493:steamboat
404:Americans
321:Havasupai
220:pithouses
192:limestone
167:Havasupai
2890:Hualapai
2485:Archived
2458: ·
1917:31615461
1909:16350365
1266:See also
1212:Xanterra
926:(1914),
922:(1914),
918:(1905),
635:Colorado
501:Explorer
497:Explorer
463:In 1857
435:Explorer
325:Hualapai
290:plateaus
277:and the
269:and the
171:Hualapai
115:asbestos
2927:Related
2616:Geology
2445: (
2407:minutes
1889:Bibcode
1580:, 251.
1544:Escapes
1449:Bibcode
1294:of the
1241:formers
1195:by the
1091:grazing
902:stables
673:Tourism
553:Paiutes
548:Wyoming
422:of the
370:leagues
344:Spanish
313:removal
236:pueblos
210:of the
2900:Events
2878:Tribes
2847:People
2374:
2296:
2277:
2258:
2239:
2220:
2115:. 1987
2078:
1915:
1907:
1632:
1584:
1551:
1505:
1103:wolves
1101:, and
1099:eagles
910:hired
898:Oregon
803:coffin
584:Senate
495:named
446:Mormon
319:. The
298:Navajo
296:. The
286:Paiute
200:willow
72:Navajo
68:Cerbat
64:Paiute
2339:from
2315:from
2113:(PDF)
1913:S2CID
1825:(PDF)
1278:Notes
1219:f40ph
1186:algae
886:Hopis
863:owner
830:ranch
794:Paria
329:Supai
231:stone
2372:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2275:ISBN
2256:ISBN
2237:ISBN
2218:ISBN
2096:link
2076:ISBN
1905:PMID
1666:link
1630:ISBN
1582:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1252:4960
1250:and
1230:Alco
1042:mule
1036:The
1031:IMAX
1017:and
1010:mule
853:The
747:haze
727:Utah
658:zinc
628:The
388:and
362:Hopi
323:and
275:Hopi
169:and
95:Hopi
1897:doi
1687:110
1609:208
1578:113
1526:Etc
1457:doi
1237:oil
1216:EMD
1069:in
765:in
757:at
662:ore
444:(a
396:to
202:or
25:by
3030::
2502:,
2405:31
2346:.
2322:.
2186:.
2136:.
2092:}}
2088:{{
2022:^
2005:.
1990:^
1944:^
1936:66
1934:.
1911:.
1903:.
1895:.
1885:55
1883:.
1870:^
1845:^
1827:.
1810:^
1779:^
1722:^
1695:^
1662:}}
1658:{{
1501:.
1499:25
1455:.
1445:10
1443:.
1439:.
1427:^
1405:^
1377:^
1352:^
1313:^
1248:29
1233:fa
1097:,
996:.
957:.
937:A
869:.
824:.
701:.
669:.
601:.
586:.
535:.
475:A
244:c.
226:.
66:,
2539:e
2532:t
2525:v
2462:)
2454:(
2449:)
2409:)
2380:.
2350:.
2326:.
2302:.
2283:.
2264:.
2245:.
2226:.
2196:.
2146:.
2122:.
2098:)
2084:.
2058:.
2016:.
1919:.
1899::
1891::
1838:.
1689:.
1668:)
1638:.
1611:.
1590:.
1557:.
1511:.
1465:.
1459::
1451::
1013:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
