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Gandhi. Their organizational strength, achieved through leading the clashes with the government, was undisputed and proven when despite winning the 1939 election, Bose resigned from the
Congress presidency because of the lack of confidence he enjoyed amongst national leaders. A year earlier, in the 1938 election, however, Bose had been elected with the support of Gandhi. Differences arose in 1939 on whether Bose should have a second term. Jawaharlal Nehru, who Gandhi had always preferred to Bose, had had a second term earlier. Bose's own differences centred on the place to be accorded to non-violent as against revolutionary methods. When he set up his Indian National Army in South-east Asia during the Second World War, he invoked Gandhi's name and hailed him as the Father of The Nation. It would be wrong to suggest that the so-called traditionalist leaders looked merely to the ancient heritage of Indian, Asian or, in the case of Maulana Azad and
748:, Islamic civilization for inspiration. They believed, along with educationists like Zakir Husain and E W Aryanayakam, that education should be imparted in a manner that enables the learners also to be able to make things with their own hands and learn skills that would make them self-supporting. This method of education was also adopted in some areas in Egypt. (See Reginald Reynolds, Beware of Africans). Zakir Husain was inspired by some European educationists and was able, with Gandhi's support, to dovetail this approach to the one favoured by the Basic Education method introduced by the Indian freedom movement. They believed that the education system, economy and social justice model for a future nation should be designed to suit the specific local requirements. While most were open to the benefits of Western influences and the socio-economic egalitarianism of socialism, they were opposed to being defined by either model.
1462:
941:
1303:
19:
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1247:"India might be an ancient country but was a young democracy and as such should remain vigilant against the domination of few over the social, economic or political systems. Banks should be publicly owned so that they catered to not just large industries and big businesses but also agriculturists, small industries and entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the private banks had been functioning erratically with hundreds of them failing and causing loss to the depositors who were given no guarantee against such loss."
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724:. It performed extraordinarily well, coming to power in eight of the eleven provinces where elections were held. Its internal organization bloomed in the diversity of political attitudes and ideologies. The focus would change slightly from the single-minded devotion to complete independence, to also entertaining excitement and theorizing about the future governance of the nation. However, when the Viceroy Lord Linlithgow declared India a belligerent in
27:
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government survived the trust vote that followed. In the Lok Sabha elections held soon after, Congress won 207 seats, the highest tally of any party since 1991. The UPA as a whole won 262, enabling it to form a government for the second time. The social welfare policies of the first UPA government, and the perceived divisiveness of the BJP, are broadly credited with the victory.
1604:" campaign. The Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) won 222 seats in the new parliament, defeating the NDA by a substantial margin. With the subsequent support of the communist front, Congress won a majority and formed a new government. Despite massive support from within the party, Gandhi declined the post of prime minister, choosing to appoint
1683:, due to the party's dismal performance. Following Gandhi's resignation, party leaders began deliberations for a suitable candidate to replace him. The Congress Working Committee met on 10 August to make a final decision on the matter and passed a resolution asking Sonia Gandhi to take over as interim president until a consensus candidate could be picked.
130:, or just the Raj, worked to try to support and justify its governance of India with the aid of English-educated Indians, who tended to be more familiar with and friendly to British culture and political thinking. Ironically, a few of the reasons that the Congress grew and survived, particularly in the 19th century era of undisputed British dominance or
1454:. He was campaigning in Tamil Nadu for upcoming parliamentary elections. In 1998, an Indian court convicted 26 people in the conspiracy to assassinate Gandhi. The conspirators, who consisted of Tamil militants from Sri Lanka and their Indian allies, had sought revenge against Gandhi because the Indian troops he sent to Sri Lanka in 1987 to help enforce
975:. He believed the establishment of basic and heavy industries was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy. The Nehru government directed investment primarily into key public sector industries—steel, iron, coal, and power—promoting their development with subsidies and protectionist policies. Nehru embraced secularism,
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1352:. On 2 January 1978, she and her followers seceded and formed a new opposition party, popularly called Congress (I)—the "I" signifying Indira. During the next year, her new party attracted enough members of the legislature to become the official opposition. In November 1978, Gandhi regained a parliamentary seat. In January 1980, following a
154:'s approval to create an "Indian National Union", which would be affiliated with the government and act as a platform to voice Indian public opinion. Hume and a group of educated Indians came together on 12 October and published "An Appeal from the People of India to the Electors of Great Britain and Ireland" which asked British voters in the
1473:, who was elected prime minister in June 1991. His rise to the prime ministership was politically significant because he was the first holder of the office from South India. After the election, he formed minority government. Rao himself not contested elections in 1991, but after he was sworn in a prime minister, he won in a by-election from
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larger share in the management of your own affairs, then we, your friends, are wrong and our adversaries right, then are Lord Ripon's noble aspirations for your good fruitless and visionary, then, at present at any rate all hopes of progress are at an end and India truly neither desires nor deserves any better
Government than she enjoys.
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Rajiv Gandhi's attempts to discourage separatist movements in Punjab and
Kashmir backfired. After his government became embroiled in several financial scandals, his leadership became increasingly ineffectual. Gandhi was regarded as a non-abrasive person who consulted other party members and refrained from hasty decisions. The
1566:, Rajiv Gandhi's widow, to assume leadership of the party. She had previously declined offers to become actively involved in party affairs and had stayed away from politics. After her election as party leader, a section of the party that objected to the choice because of her Italian ethnicity broke away and formed the
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became nominal head of
Congress, and went on to become prime minister upon her assassination. In December, he led Congress to a landslide victory, where it secured 401 seats in the legislature. His administration took measures to reform the government bureaucracy and liberalise the country's economy.
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of India's 14 largest banks. The 1969 attempt by Indira Gandhi government to abolish privy purse and the official recognition of the titles did not meet with success. The constitutional
Amendment bill to this effect was passed in Lok Sabha, but it failed to get the required two-thirds majority in the
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In the
Assembly and Constitution debates, the Congress attitude was marked by inclusiveness and liberalism. The Government appointed some prominent Indians who were Raj loyalists and liberals to important offices, and did not adopt any punitive control over the Indian civil servants who had aided the
1578:(NDA) government in 1999, Congress's tally further plummeted to just 114 seats. Although the leadership structure was unaltered as the party campaigned strongly in the assembly elections that followed, Gandhi began to make such strategic changes as abandoning the party's 1998 Pachmarhi resolution of
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had the support of only 65 MPs. In the All India
Congress Committee, 446 of its 705 members walked over to Indira's side. This created a belief among Indians that Indira's Congress was the Real Congress (INC-R). The "Old Congress" retained the party symbol of a pair of bullocks carrying a yoke while
925:
However, with Patel's death in 1950, the balance shifted permanently in Nehru's favor. Kripalani, C. Rajagopalachari and Tandon were marginalized, and the
Congress Party's election fortunes began depending solely on Nehru's leadership and popularity. With the 1952 election sweep, the Congress became
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According to one approach, the traditionalist point of view, though not in a political sense, was represented in
Congressmen like Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, C. Rajagopalachari, Purushottam Das Tandon, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Maulana Azad, who were also associates and followers of
445:
Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi, who later on became more popular as Mahatma Gandhi, had success in defeating the British in Champaran and Kheda, giving India its first victory in the struggle for freedom. Then Indian National Congress had supported that movement; Indians gained confidence in the working
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as the destiny of the nation. Tilak deeply opposed the British colonial education system in India which he thought ignored and defamed India's culture, history, and values, defying and disgracing the Indian culture. He resented the denial of freedom of expression for nationalists and the lack of any
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The ordinary people of India were not informed of or concerned about its existence on the whole, for Congress never attempted to address the issues of poverty, lack of health care, social oppression, and the prejudiced negligence of the people's concerns by the British government. The perception of
158:
to support candidates sympathetic to the positions of Indians. These included opposition to taxation of India to finance British campaigns in Afghanistan, and support for legislative reform in India. The appeal however, was a failure, and was interpreted by many Indians as "a rude shock, but a true
145:
Every nation secures precisely as good a Government as it merits. If you the picked men, the most highly educated of the nation, cannot, scorning personal ease and selfish objects, make a resolute struggle to secure greater freedom for yourselves and your country, a more impartial administration, a
201:
c) Constitutional: The humble demand made by the early Congress leaders in respect to constitutional matters were: to increase the power of legislative councils; to include elected Indian representatives. It must be mentioned here that the British government of India paid scant regard to the above
190:
Between 1885 and 1905, the Indian National Congress passed several resolutions in its annual sessions. Through the resolutions, the humble demands made by Congress included civil rights, administrative, constitutional and economic policies. A look at the resolution passed on these methods would be
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was appointed as the interim prime minister on 27 May 1964, pending the election of a new parliamentary leader of the Congress party who would then become prime minister. During the leadership contest to succeed Nehru, the preference was between Morarji Desai and Lal Bahadur Shashtri. Eventually,
197:
b) Administrative: The Congress leaders urged the government to remove certain administrative abuses and run public welfare measures. They put emphasis on the appointment of Indians in the government services. Specific proposals are made to open agricultural banks for the relief of peasantry. The
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was a lawyer who had successfully led the struggle of Indians in South Africa against South African discriminatory laws. Returning to India in 1915, Gandhi looked to Indian culture and history, the values and lifestyle of its people to empower a new revolution, with the concept of non-violence,
205:
d) Economic: In the economic sphere, Congress blamed the economic policies of the British government that resulted in rising property prices and other economic issues which affected the Indian people. The Congress also put forward certain specific suggestions for the economic improvement of the
1522:
By 1996, the party's image was suffering from allegations of corruption, and in elections that year, Congress was reduced to 140 seats, its lowest number in the Lok Sabha to that point. Rao later resigned as prime minister and, in September, as party president. He was succeeded as president by
296:
The first spurts of nationalistic sentiment that rose amongst Congress members were when the desire to be represented in the bodies of government, to have a say, a vote in the lawmaking and issues of administration of India. Congressmen saw themselves as loyalists, but wanted an active role in
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that supported the government from the outside, were widely seen as being the driving force behind such legislation. The Left Front withdrew its support of the government over disagreements about the U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement. Despite the effective loss of 62 seats in parliament, the
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and Manmohan Singh continued the economic reform policies begun by Rao's government. Rao accelerated the dismantling of the Licence Raj, reversing the socialist policies of previous governments. He employed Manmohan Singh as his finance minister to begin a historic economic change. With Rao's
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a senior party member, proposed a non-official resolution asking for the nationalisation of private banks stating that nationalisation would help in mobilising resources for development. In July 1969, Indira Gandhi through the ordinance nationalised fourteen major private banks. After being
366:
473:
In a series of sessions in 1918, 1919 and 1920, where the old and the new generations clashed in famous and important debates, Gandhi and his young supporters imbued the Congress rank-and-file with passion and energy to combat British rule directly. With the tragedy of the 1919
510:
Gandhiji dominated the Indian freedom struggle from 1919 to 1948. That is why this period is known as the Gandhian era in Indian history. During this time, Mahatma Gandhi dominated the Indian National Congress, which in turn was at the forefront of the Indian freedom struggle.
353:, and Dadabhai Naoroji, held firm to calls for negotiations and political dialogue. Gokhale criticized Tilak for encouraging acts of violence and disorder. The Congress of 1906 did not have public membership, and thus Tilak and his supporters were forced to leave the party.
2105:, and Dadabhai Naoroji, held firm to calls for negotiations and political dialogue. Gokhale criticized Tilak for encouraging acts of violence and disorder. The Congress of 1906 did not have public membership, and thus Tilak and his supporters were forced to leave the party.
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By the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, the party had lost much of its popular support, mainly because of several years of poor economic conditions in the country, and growing discontent over a series of corruption allegations involving government officials, including the
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of 1962, and the formation of military ties between China and Pakistan, Shastri's government expanded the defence budget of India's armed forces. He also promoted the White Revolution—a national campaign to increase the production and supply of milk by creating the
304:, considered by many as the eldest Indian statesman. Naoroji went as far as contesting, successfully, an election to the British House of Commons, becoming its first Indian member. That he was aided in his campaign by young, aspiring Indian student activists like
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re-elected in 1971 on a campaign that endorsed nationalisation, Indira Gandhi went on to nationalise the coal, steel, copper, refining, cotton textiles and insurance industries. The main reason was to protect employment and the interest of the organised labour.
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since 2014. According to the report, a total of 222 electoral candidates have left the Congress to join other parties during polls held between 2014 and 2021, whereas 177 MPs and MLAs quit the party. Defection resulted loss of its established governments in
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and the riots in Punjab, Indian anger and passions were palpable and radical. With the election of Mohandas K. Gandhi to the presidency of the Indian National Congress, the battle of the party's soul was won, and a new path to India's destiny was forged.
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for nine years. Kamaraj had also been a member of "the syndicate", a group of right wing leaders within Congress. In 1963 the Congress lost popularity following the defeat in the Indo-Chinese war of 1962. To revitalise the party, Kamaraj proposed the
621:
During the 1920s, M.K. Gandhi encouraged tens of thousands of Congress volunteers to embrace a wide variety of organized tasks to address major social problems across India. Under the guidance of Congress committees and Gandhi's network of ashrams in
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1962, India faced a huge budgetary deficit resulting in its treasury being almost empty, high inflation, and dwindling forex reserves. The brief War of 1962 exposed weaknesses in the economy and shifted the focus towards the defence industry and the
260:, "Right after the establishment of the Indian National Congress, it started articulating its views on foreign affairs. In its first session in 1885, the Indian National Congress deplored the annexation of upper Burma by British Indian Government ."
608:
Leadership posts and offices at all levels would be filled by elections, and not by appointments. This introduction of democracy was vital in rejuvenating the party, giving voice to ordinary members as well as valuable practice for Indians in
522:
Few years after the World War, the Congress expanded considerably, owing to public excitement after Gandhi's success in Champaran and Kheda. A whole new generation of leaders arose from different parts of India, who were committed Gandhians
887:
The Congress stood firm on its fundamental promises and delivered a Constitution that abolished untouchability and discrimination based on caste, religion or gender. Primary education was made a right, and Congress governments made the
325:
as the natural and only solution: the abandonment of all things British, which would protect the Indian economy from economic exploitation and gradually lead to eventual Indian independence. He was backed by rising public leaders like
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356:
With Tilak's arrest, all hopes for an Indian offensive were stalled. The Congress lost credit with the people. Muslims formed the All India Muslim League in 1906, considering the Congress as completely unsuitable for Indian Muslims.
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country and her people. These included the introduction of modern industry, Indianization of public services, etc. The Congress also demanded the abolition of salt tax for the benefit particularly of the poor section of the people
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in 1956. The fourth was a failed bombing attempt on railway tracks in Maharashtra in 1961. Despite threats to his life, Nehru despised having excess security personnel around him and did not like his movements to disrupt traffic.
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damaged his reputation as an honest politician, but he was posthumously cleared of bribery allegations in 2004. On 21 May 1991, Gandhi was killed by a bomb concealed in a basket of flowers carried by a woman associated with the
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held in March, the Janata alliance of anti-Indira opposition parties won a landslide victory over Congress, winning 295 seats in the Lok Sabha against Congress's 153. Gandhi lost her seat to her Janata opponent
4400:
1582:(go it alone) policy, and formed alliances with other like-minded parties. In the intervening years, the party was successful at various legislative assembly elections; at one point, Congress ruled 15 states.
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1653:, compared to the 336 of the BJP and its allies The UPA suffered heavy defeat, which was its worst-ever performance in a national election with its vote share dipping below 20 per cent for the first time.
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and his close associates occurred. Implemented on 25 June 1975, the Emergency officially ended on 21 March 1977. All political prisoners were released and fresh elections for the Lok Sabha were called. In
4746:
1574:. Sonia Gandhi struggled to revive the party in her early years as its president; she was under continuous scrutiny for her foreign birth and lack of political acumen. In the snap elections called by the
1139:
was instrumental in achieving this result. The differences among the top leadership of the Congress regarding the future of the party during resulted in the formation of several breakaway parties such as
388:
session in 1916, with the efforts of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Tilak had considerably moderated his views and now favoured political dialogue with the British. He, along with the young
1539:
1237:. Indira Gandhi, on the other side, wanted to use a populist agenda in order to mobilise popular support for the party. Her faction, called Congress (R), was supported by most of the Congress MPs while
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This profound work by M. K. Gandhi impressed the people of India particularly, formations of ashrams, that in later period he was mentioned as Mahatma, Great soul, by way of honor, by people of India.
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and some other stalwarts backed Gandhi as they were not sure that they can lead the people like Tilak and Gokhale. Thus it was now entirely up to Gandhi's Congress to show the way for the nation.
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1221:, expelled her from the party for indiscipline. Mrs. Gandhi as a counter-move launched her own faction of the INC. It was also known as Congress (R). The original party then came to be known as
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959:
was the paramount leader of the party. Congress gained power in landslide victories in the general elections of 1951–52, 1957, and 1962. During his tenure, Nehru implemented policies based on
162:
On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary, and
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1594:. The party's campaign emphasised social inclusion and the welfare of the common masses—an ideology that Gandhi herself endorsed for Congress during her presidency—with slogans such as
1257:
In the mid-term parliamentary elections held in 1971, the Gandhi-led Congress (R) won a landslide victory on a platform of progressive policies such as the elimination of poverty (
2810:
Arvind Panagariya Professor of Economics and Jagdish Bhagwati Professor of Indian Political Economy Columbia University School of International & Public Affairs (1 February 2008).
1205:
started moving toward the political left. In mid-1969, she was involved in a dispute with senior party leaders on several issues. Notably — Her support for the independent candidate,
1403:
with their service weapons in the garden of the prime minister's residence in response to her authorisation of Operation Blue Star. Gandhi was due to be interviewed by British actor
907:
However, a tug of war began between Nehru and his socialist wing, and Patel and Congress traditionalists broke out in 1950's race. Nehru lobbied intensely to oppose the candidacy of
4497:
904:, a veteran Gandhian and ally of both Nehru and Patel. India's duumvirate expressed neutrality and full support to the elected winner of the 1947, 1948 and 1949 presidential races.
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saw Congress win 141 seats in the Lok Sabha, its lowest tally until then. To boost its popularity and improve its performance in the forthcoming election, Congress leaders urged
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who held the same point of view. Under them, India's four great states – Madras, Bombay, Bengal, and Punjab region shaped the demand of the people and India's nationalism.
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leader. During the tenure of both Rao and Kesri, the two leaders conducted internal elections to the Congress working committees and their own posts as party presidents.
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of that organization that the British could be thwarted through that organization, and millions of young people from across the country flooded into Congress membership.
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for Congress (I), she was again elected prime minister. The national election commission declared Congress (I) to be the real Indian National Congress for the
998:
During his period in office, there were four known assassination attempts on Nehru. The first attempt on his life was during partition in 1947 while he was visiting the
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922:, where due to Patel's work, Kripalani received not one vote) Tandon won a tight contest, and Nehru threatened to resign. With Patel's convincing, Nehru did not quit.
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1318:, the lower house of India's parliament, void on the grounds of electoral malpractice. However, Gandhi rejected calls to resign and announced plans to appeal to the
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revivalist with "problematic" views on Hindu-Muslim relations. Nehru openly backed Kripalani to oppose Tandon, but neglected courtesy to Patel upon the question.
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194:
a) Civil Rights: The Congress leaders realized the value of freedom of speech and press, the right to organize processions, meetings and similar other rights.
134:, was through the patronage of British authorities and the rising class of Indians and Anglo-Indians educated in the English language-based British tradition.
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Shashtri was selected as the next parliamentary leader thus the Prime Minister. Kamaraj was widely credited as the "kingmaker" in for ensuring the victory of
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from the southern tip of India at Kanyakumari to the northernmost territory of Kashmir, led by Rahul Gandhi. In October, the working committee held the
1127:, Shastri died in Tashkent, reportedly of a heart attack; but the circumstances of his death remain mysterious. After Shastri's death, Congress elected
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of Calcutta was elected president. Besides Hume, two additional British members (both Scottish civil servants) were members of the founding group,
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The last important episodes in the Congress involved the final step to independence, and the division of the country on the basis of religions.
381:, it provoked the first definitive, nationwide political debate of its kind in India. Voices calling for political independence grew in number.
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government. The committee declared the formation of the Congress's defence team for the INA and included famous lawyers of the time, including
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All former practices distinguishing Congressmen on basis of caste, ethnicity, religion and sex were eliminated – all-India unity was stressed.
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to Nehru that encouraged six Congress chief ministers (including himself) and six senior cabinet ministers to resign to take up party work.
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Eligibility for leadership would be determined by how much social work and service a member had done, not by his wealth or social standing.
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all criticized the idea of civil disobedience. But Gandhi had the backing of the people and a whole new generation of Indian nationalists.
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Encyclopaedia of Indian War of Independence, 1857–1947: Birth of Indian National Congress : establishment of Indian National Congress
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to enter the Golden Temple to establish control over the complex and remove Bhindranwale and his armed followers. This event is known as
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Indira's breakaway faction was given a new symbol of a cow with a suckling calf by the Election Commission as the party election symbol.
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1493:, which came under the purview of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. He is often called the "father of Indian economic reforms".
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1338:. During the nineteen-month emergency, widespread oppression and abuse of power by Gandhi's unelected younger son and political heir
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1661:. Sonia Gandhi retired as party president in December 2017, having served for a record nineteen years. She was succeeded by her son
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founded the Indian National Congress in order to form a platform for civil and political dialogue among educated Indians. After the
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735:, believers in socialism and active revolution would ascend in the hierarchy with Bose's 1938 election to the Congress presidency.
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and non-confrontational foreign policy that became typical of the modern Congress Party. The policy of non-alignment during the
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for his ability to push tough economic and political legislation through the parliament while he headed a minority government.
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emerged as the main contenders. Kharge secured 84.14% of the votes, becoming the first non-Gandhi president in 24 years.
1123:" ("Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer"), became very popular during the war. On 11 January 1966, a day after signing the
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is whip. Based on an analysis of the candidates' poll affidavits, a report by the National Election Watch (NEW) and the
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and Gandhi's abrupt nationalisation of the 14 biggest banks in India. Later in the year, the Congress party president,
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community and religious leaders were also averse, seeing the Congress as supportive of European cultural invasion.
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1265:). The policies of the Congress (R) under Gandhi before the 1971 elections included proposals to abolish the
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in a car. The second was by a knife-wielding rickshaw-puller in Maharashtra in 1955. A third attempt happened in
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Hume embarked on an endeavor to get an organization started. He began by reaching-out to selected alumni of the
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Gandhi transformed the Congress from an elitist party based in the cities, to an organization of the people:
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Congress leaders also raised the voice of protest against the discriminatory laws enacted by the government.
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and his militant followers. In 1983, Bhindranwale with his armed followers headquartered themselves in the
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resigned from the Congress to actively advocate supporting the British war effort. It was started in 1942.
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without any consultation with the elected representatives of the people, the Congress ministries resigned.
717:
4721:"Sonia Gandhi's Legacy: She Reinvented Herself to Fight Off Challenges but also Had Her Share of Failures"
1615:
During its first term in office, the UPA government passed several social reform bills. These included an
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For the 2004 general election, Congress forged alliances with regional parties including the NCP and the
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In July 2023, the congress, along with 25 political parties made an opposition unity alliance named the
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who stood for a more right-wing agenda. The split occurred when a united opposition under the banner of
506:
Mohandas Gandhi gave rise to a whole new generation of nationalists, and a whole new form of revolution.
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in principle, but did not wish to impede the national leadership; preferred to stay with Indian side.
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and started accumulating weapons. In June 1984, after several futile negotiations, Gandhi ordered the
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4862:"Sonia Gandhi's 19 years as Congress president: From husband Rajiv's death to son Rahul's elevation"
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voice or role for ordinary Indians in the affairs of their nation. For these reasons, he considered
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1322:. In response to increasing disorder and lawlessness, Gandhi's ministry recommended that President
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569:– based on its own configuration of India's states on basis of linguistic groups. PCCs emerged for
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But another Indian man with another way was destined to lead the Congress and the Indian struggle.
339:
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90:, a former British civil servant, was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
47:
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against the NDA government. The alliance includes major national and regional parties such as the
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and experienced several home incidents that affected India's national security. Rao, who held the
1436:
addressing the Special Session of the United Nations on Disarmament, in New York City in June 1988
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bodies like the Congress was that of an elitist, then educated and wealthy people's institution.
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Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India
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system illegal, created minimum wages and authorized the right to strike and form labor unions.
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in 1963 during the last year of Nehru's life. Prior to that, he had been the chief minister of
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was a march led by Rahul Gandhi from the southern tip of India, to its northernmost territory.
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4747:"Sonia Gandhi's 19 years as Congress president: From husband death to son Rahul's elevation"
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3327:"'We simply don't have time': Read Indira Gandhi's letters defending bank nationalisation"
2023:"On the Origins of the Indian National Congress: A Case Study of Cross-Cultural Synthesis"
8:
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4680:"Sonia Gandhi emerges as cynosure of all eyes, could play pivotal role in party politics"
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2433:
2135:"The Tilak-Jinnah pact embodied communal harmony that is much needed in modern-day India"
1696:
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583:– states that did not yet exist and were spread over hundreds of princely states outside
548:
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459:
409:. The All India Home Rule League was formed to demand dominion status within the Empire.
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5655:
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5483:
5243:"Congress has lost six governments to BJP since PM Narendra Modi assumed power in 2014"
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79:
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369:
Annie Besant was by far the most prominently involved European in the Indian struggle.
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5630:
5513:
5503:
5375:
5339:
5305:
5268:
5216:"Congress appoints Gaurav Gogoi as deputy leader in Lok Sabha, Ravneet Bittu as whip"
4612:
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3305:
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1998:
1971:
1947:
1921:
1747:
1739:
1709:
1407:, who was filming a documentary for Irish television. Her assassination prompted the
1294:. The government found itself short of resources to fund the Third Plan (1961–1966).
1036:
1003:
593:
Native tongues were given official use and respect in Congress meetings – especially
475:
455:
350:
327:
272:, viewed the Congress negatively, owing to its membership being dominated by Hindus.
179:
175:
67:
4401:"Narasimha Rao led India at crucial juncture, was father of economic reform: Pranab"
4327:
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7247:
6853:
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6239:
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4920:
4393:
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4071:
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1302:
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and Congressmen from the provinces that would inevitably become parts of Pakistan.
806:
544:
440:
301:
63:
55:
502:
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9381:
9341:
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9256:
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5508:
5398:
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4356:
4307:
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3199:
2160:
1941:
1915:
1782:
1376:
1286:
1274:
1270:
1218:
1145:
1104:
881:
821:. However, they withdrew support at the critical juncture, as the mutiny failed.
798:
528:
491:
413:
335:
331:
269:
218:
Resetting economic policies to reiterate the advantages of an open market economy
6899:
6864:
876:, a fierce Congress critic as the chairman of the Constitution draft committee.
18:
9542:
9376:
9361:
9331:
9291:
9175:
9170:
9069:
9049:
9034:
9029:
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8867:
8707:
8693:
8562:
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7874:
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7447:
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1763:
1713:
1605:
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1478:
1446:
1295:
1149:
972:
844:
646:
536:
245:
151:
123:
71:
4551:
4154:
3607:
2897:
Narayan Agrawal Narayan; Lal Bahadur Shastri; Vivek Misra; Subha Ravi (2006).
1878:
The Encyclopaedia of Indian National Congress: 1885–1890, The founding fathers
543:– as well as hot-blooded nationalists aroused by Gandhi's active leadership –
227:
Accelerating growth driven by the private and viable public sector enterprises
9702:
9618:
9603:
9588:
9371:
9366:
9235:
9185:
9180:
8969:
8964:
8908:
8888:
8764:
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8181:
7979:
7884:
7859:
7703:
7693:
7635:
7587:
7572:
7567:
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7412:
6579:
6504:
6469:
6429:
6344:
6314:
6304:
6289:
6176:
6146:
6126:
5855:
5343:
5309:
2936:
2235:
1654:
1601:
1524:
1502:
1404:
1392:
1368:
1339:
1202:
1190:
1186:
1132:
1128:
1080:
968:
964:
873:
631:
595:
584:
540:
487:
4942:
4604:
1112:. The Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965 occurred during Shastri's tenure.
1039:, raising questions about the party's future. Following the death of Nehru,
1027:
405:– Indian participation in the affairs of their own country – a precursor to
9401:
9386:
9346:
9240:
9136:
9074:
8949:
8481:
8446:
8102:
7974:
7864:
7854:
7844:
7794:
7743:
7728:
7723:
7708:
7640:
7597:
7592:
7577:
7557:
7532:
7397:
7272:
6782:
6669:
6299:
6264:
6254:
6196:
5996:
5900:
5810:
5800:
5565:
5493:
5478:
4530:
3397:
1692:
1662:
1600:("Congress hand in hand with the common man"), contrasting with the NDA's "
1571:
1563:
1441:
1433:
1260:
1222:
1100:
1068:
1021:
992:
988:
848:
725:
565:
Congress established a large number of state units across India – known as
463:
394:
4802:"Sonia Gandhi retires as Congress president, to remain active in politics"
4275:
2273:"Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, the barrister who founded Bharatiya Janta Party"
869:
Raj in its governance of India and suppression of nationalist activities.
9653:
9316:
9311:
9230:
8979:
8924:
8813:
8803:
8757:
8713:
8655:
7849:
7287:
6389:
6269:
5961:
5740:
5488:
5407:
3594:
Dasgupta, Swapan (July 1985). "The Life of Indira Gandhi". Book Reviews.
3218:
3028:
1490:
1384:
1291:
1226:
976:
817:
Some members of the Congress initially supported the sailors who led the
627:
571:
378:
127:
50:
was established when 72 representatives from all over the country met at
5332:"India's Congress party appoints first non-Gandhi president in 24 years"
5298:"Why Is This Man With the Famous Name Walking 2,000 Miles Across India?"
2875:
2038:
292:
First session of Indian National Congress, Bombay, 28–31, December, 1885
9391:
9205:
9105:
8944:
8660:
8640:
8530:
8493:
7547:
6639:
6414:
6364:
6279:
5931:
5815:
5650:
5084:
4778:
4150:
3627:
3006:
2022:
1816:
1349:
1234:
1206:
1136:
1016:
1008:
786:
774:
639:
423:
8010:
3995:
3160:
224:
Reducing inequality between the rich, the middle classes, and the poor
8873:
8635:
8630:
8525:
6619:
6514:
6474:
6449:
6384:
6046:
6036:
5936:
3963:"Jagdish Tytler's role in 1984 anti-Sikh riots to be re-investigated"
3059:
1751:
1735:
1721:
1704:
1650:
1315:
1225:. Its principal leaders were Kamraj, Morarji Desai, Nijalingappa and
794:
575:
514:
Gandhi joined in 1915 and left the Indian National Congress in 1923.
486:
died in 1920, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale had died four years earlier.
31:
26:
5162:"Rahul had said 'no Gandhi', but Congress goes back to Sonia Gandhi"
4240:"SC refers Rajiv Gandhi killers' release case to Constitution Bench"
2998:
2116:"World War I: Role of Indian Army in Britain's victory over Germany"
308:, describes where the imagination of the new Indian generation lay.
9014:
8836:
8793:
8613:
8577:
8187:
7919:
5981:
5625:
4379:
4332:
3879:
3851:
3178:
Hardgrave, R. L., 1970. "The Congress in India: Crisis and Split".
2764:
2592:
2310:. School of Social and Political Science, Edinburgh. Archived from
1821:
1665:, who was elected unopposed in the 2017 INC presidential election.
1515:
1380:
1182:
987:
meant Nehru received financial and technical support from both the
984:
889:
802:
131:
5371:
Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969
4375:"PV Narasimha Rao Remembered as Father of Indian Economic Reforms"
2224:"Opinion | The Massacre That Led to the End of the British Empire"
979:
economic practices based on state-driven industrialisation, and a
667:
Illiteracy, with the organization of national schools and colleges
8788:
8394:
6141:
5052:
1729:
1528:
919:
623:
579:
385:
268:
Many Muslim community leaders, like the prominent educationalist
3623:"What Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's Emergency proved for India"
2985:
Forrester, Duncan B. (1966). "The Madras anti-Hindi agitation".
2085:"The Grand Old Man of India who became Britain's first Asian MP"
918:
With Patel's tacit support (especially in Patel's home state of
605:, which was adopted for use by the All India Congress Committee.
8831:
8753:
8650:
8128:
8097:
5665:
5269:"Bharat Jodo Yatra: Rahul Gandhi's unity march ends in Kashmir"
4299:"Nandyal bypoll: It was P V Narasimha Rao's backyard when he ."
3932:"Delhi to reopen inquiry in to massacre of Sikhs in 1984 riots"
2932:
2205:"Gandhi fought the British with weapons of truth, non-violence"
1282:
to the Constitution of India, the privy purses were abolished.
1051:
As prime minister, Shastri retained most of members of Nehru's
706:
698:
661:
365:
316:
191:
given an idea the directions of Congress programs were taking.
51:
4212:
D. R. Kaarthikenyan, Radhavinod Raju; Radhavinod Raju (2008).
1758:. Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi both declined to contest, and
288:
8798:
3214:"1969: S. Nijalingappa expelled Indira Gandhi from the Party"
2786:
Debacle to Revival: Y. B. Chavan as Defence Minister, 1962–65
1252:—Gandhi's remarks after the nationalisation of private banks.
912:
702:
694:
671:
635:
273:
38:
4018:"India General or the 8th Lok Sabha Election Results – 1984"
1773:(known by its backronym as the I.N.D.I.A. alliance) for the
793:, which forcefully defended the case of the soldiers of the
42:
Mahatma Gandhi with Congress activists during the Salt March
8107:
5404:
My Autobiography, or The Story of My Experiments with Truth
5080:"Congress Vote Share Dips Below 20 Per Cent for First Time"
2782:
2641:
The Congress Party in India: Policies, Culture, Performance
1635:
297:
governing their own country, albeit as part of the Empire.
98:
1994:
Discovery of Prehistory Ancient India: Krishna & Radha
1970:. New Delhi: Paragon International Publishers. p. 5.
1083:, Jawaharlal Nehru's daughter and former party president,
454:
A whole class of political leaders disagreed with Gandhi.
5273:
4605:
Subrata Kumar Mitra; Mike Enskat; Clemens Spiess (2004).
3903:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives
3874:
3587:
3570:"Emergency 'propagandist' who banned Kishore Kumar songs"
3192:"March to socialism under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi".
2728:
2699:
2404:
1717:
689:
159:
realization that they had to fight their battles alone."
5190:"Chowdhury to stay as leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha"
4890:"Sonia Gandhi keeps Congress hopes alive in India polls"
1608:
instead. She remained as party president and headed the
1489:, was personally responsible for the dismantling of the
1115:
Shastri became a national hero following victory in the
5134:"CWC chooses Sonia Gandhi as interim chief of Congress"
3301:
Comparative Economics in Transforming the World Economy
1891:
1554:
to form the next Government in New Delhi on 19 May 2004
1414:
1278:
Rajya Sabha. However, in 1971, with the passage of the
360:
93:
3456:. Arihant Publications (India) Ltd. 2017. p. 20.
5367:
3393:"Economic Milestone: Nationalisation of Banks (1969)"
3166:
2770:
2598:
1657:
succeeded Singh as prime minister as the head of the
1367:
Gandhi's premiership witnessed increasing turmoil in
1209:, rather than the official Congress party candidate,
186:
Policies of Indian National Congress during 1885–1905
4067:"Rajiv Gandhi and the story of Indian modernization"
4010:
3567:
3537:"Cong blames Sanjay Gandhi for Emergency 'excesses'"
3353:"General Elections, India, 1971: Statistical report"
2993:(1/2). Digital library of academic journals: 19–36.
2957:
2397:"Nehru: Founding member of The non-aligned movement"
929:
4348:Arvind Kumar, Arun Narendhranath (3 October 2001).
3781:
3779:
720:, the Congress first tasted political power in the
314:was among the first Indian nationalists to embrace
3930:
3786:
2890:
2844:. UCLA Division of Social Sciences. Archived from
2776:
2547:. The Perun Thalaivar organization. Archived from
2334:
2332:
1943:Emergence of nationalism, Congress, and separatism
1391:. On 31 October 1984, two of Gandhi's bodyguards,
835:Within the Congress, the Partition was opposed by
684:
6894:
5108:"Rahul Gandhi has resigned. For real. What next?"
4916:"Hands-on influence for Sonia Gandhi as NAC head"
3484:. UCLA Division of Social Science. Archived from
3202:. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. 24 August 2011.
3144:. UCLA Division of Social Science. Archived from
3104:
3062:. Ananda Bazar Patrika (ABP) Group. 26 March 2013
1458:there had fought with Tamil Militant guerrillas.
9700:
5451:
4598:
4218:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 89–91.
3776:
2783:R. D. Pradhan; Madhav Godbole (1 January 1999).
2512:
2485:
2458:
2187:"The making of Gandhi in South Africa and after"
2020:
1827:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
1771:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
1411:, during which 3,000–17,000 people were killed.
517:
174:. The other members were mostly Hindus from the
5126:
4453:
4350:"India must embrace unfettered free enterprise"
3988:"Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, complete profile"
3917:around 17,000 Sikhs were burned alive or killed
3385:
2964:. University of California Press. p. 237.
2426:"History and Evolution of Non-Aligned Movement"
2329:
1913:
1898:, Working Committee of the Congress, p. 12
1421:Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
995:to build India's industrial base from nothing.
4855:
4853:
4661:"ANOTHER GANDHI COMES TO CONGRESS PARTY'S AID"
4611:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 42–43.
4143:
3706:
3704:
3620:
3298:Rosser, J. Barkley; Rosser, Marina V. (2004).
3250:. New Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 77.
2610:
2506:
2479:
1679:Rahul Gandhi resigned from his post after the
1585:
1469:Rajiv Gandhi was succeeded as party leader by
780:
384:The divided Congress re-united in the pivotal
8410:
8026:
6880:
5437:
4495:
4461:"Foreign Policies of India's Prime Ministers"
4344:
4342:
3839:
2813:India: The Emerging Giant: The Emerging Giant
2721:"1964: Light goes out in India as Nehru dies"
2644:. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 180.
2604:
2454:
2452:
2450:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1874:
1854:The "O" stands for organisation/Old Congress.
1197:In 1967, following a poor performance in the
900:In 1947, the Congress presidency passed upon
283:
5040:
4699:"Congress Party Expels 3 Who Opposed Gandhi"
4205:
3712:"Statistical report general elections, 1980"
3687:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–.
3297:
2951:
2860:
2637:
1939:
1509:(IMF) policies to prevent India's impending
858:
655:Unhygienic conditions and lack of sanitation
118:, control of India was transferred from the
4850:
4425:
4336:(23 December 2004). Retrieved 2 March 2007.
3701:
3676:
3674:
3418:
3416:
3345:
3074:
2803:
2684:
2516:Jawaharlal Nehru: Civilizing a Savage World
2489:Jawaharlal Nehru: Civilizing a Savage World
2462:Jawaharlal Nehru: Civilizing a Savage World
2418:
2060:Freedom Fighters of India (in Four Volumes)
1895:The History of the Indian National Congress
1885:
1595:
1258:
812:
8417:
8403:
8033:
8019:
6887:
6873:
5952:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
5444:
5430:
4860:Naqshbandi, Aurangzeb (16 December 2017).
4859:
4744:
4339:
4290:
2917:
2742:
2713:
2631:
2563:
2447:
1917:The History of British India: a chronology
1902:
1746:In September 2022, the party launched the
1703:(ADR) says that, the Congress has highest
1031:Congress party election symbol (1952–1969)
562:Membership fees were considerably reduced.
7388:Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha
5234:
4828:
4489:
4321:
4059:
3994:. Prime Minister's Office. Archived from
3922:
3813:
3744:
3534:
3470:
3185:
3112:"Lal Bahadur Shastri's death in Tashkent"
2984:
2874:. Prime Minister's Office. Archived from
2614:Kamaraj: The Life and Times of K. Kamaraj
2295:
2293:
1991:Motwani, Dr Jagat K. (22 February 2018).
1550:authorizing the Prime Minister designate
1314:declared Indira Gandhi's election to the
1233:, won control over several states in the
1159:
884:leader became the Minister for Industry.
789:of 1946, the Congress helped to form the
497:
126:. British-controlled India, known as the
30:The flag adopted in 1931 and used by the
7183:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
5182:
4714:
4712:
4633:"India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha"
4296:
3980:
3867:
3671:
3593:
3413:
3206:
3130:
2978:
2900:Lal Bahadur Shastri, Churn of Conscience
2830:
2389:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
1933:
1734:
1667:
1636:Defeats at national level (2014–present)
1538:
1460:
1428:
1301:
1181:
1085:Minister of Information and Broadcasting
1026:
939:
809:. QUIT INDIA BILL passed on 8 Aug 1942.
688:
501:
364:
287:
97:
37:
25:
17:
9729:History of organisations based in India
9714:History of the Indian National Congress
8040:
6937:Indian National Congress (Organisation)
6917:History of the Indian National Congress
5329:
5072:
4887:
4570:
4543:
4087:
3847:"1984: Indian prime minister shot dead"
3270:
3243:
3239:
3237:
2816:. Oxford University Press. p. 27.
2340:"Economic Ideology of Jawaharlal Nehru"
2221:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2048:
1990:
1968:India's Foreign Policy: An Introduction
1845:The "R" stood for Requisition or Ruling
482:Lokmanya Tilak, whom Gandhi had called
9701:
9649:Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale
8701:The Story of My Experiments with Truth
8365:
8160:Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce
8068:Indian National Congress - Freedom Era
7962:
4913:
4829:Chowdhary, Neerja (16 December 2017).
4745:Naqshbandi, Aurangzeb (4 March 2018).
4696:
4677:
4659:Cooper, Kenneth J. (31 January 1998).
4658:
4498:"Obituary: A scholar and a politician"
4272:Website of the Prime Minister of India
4232:
4149:
4031:
3928:
3900:
3614:
3535:Ghildiyal, Subodh (29 December 2010).
3291:
3042:
2290:
2016:
2014:
1965:
1099:, but built closer relations with the
1095:, Shastri continued Nehru's policy of
872:A Congress-dominated Assembly adopted
449:
430:
54:in 1885. Prominent delegates included
8398:
8014:
6868:
5425:
5295:
5012:
4709:
4558:from the original on 11 December 2021
4177:
4165:from the original on 11 December 2021
3642:
3568:Express News Service (11 June 2013).
3478:"The Emergency, and Indian democracy"
3324:
3318:
2658:
2617:. Rupa Publications. pp. 55–56.
2158:
2145:
1689:Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha
1597:Congress ka haath, aam aadmi ke saath
1534:
961:import substitution industrialisation
824:
616:
214:The INC's economic policies include:
8353:
7940:Indian National Trade Union Congress
4718:
4552:"Atal Bihari Vajpayee's 13-day govt"
4549:
4095:"Rajiv Gandhi, History and Politics"
3943:from the original on 12 January 2022
3894:
3801:from the original on 10 January 2022
3680:
3274:The Congress, Indira to Sonia Gandhi
3234:
2729:The British Broadcasting Corporation
2700:The British Broadcasting Corporation
2571:"The Syndicate: Kingmakers of India"
2533:
2405:The British Broadcasting Corporation
2361:
2132:
2045:
1649:. Congress won only 44 seats in the
1415:Rajiv Gandhi and Rao era (1984–1998)
1371:, with demands for Sikh autonomy by
1087:. Gulzarilal Nanda continued as the
895:
831:Opposition to the partition of India
751:
361:World War I: the battle for the soul
141:. In an 1883 letter, he wrote that,
94:Formation and early days (1885–1905)
32:Provisional Government of Free India
9644:Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
5240:
4986:
4496:V. Venkatesan (1–14 January 2005).
4433:"PV Narasimha Rao reinvented India"
4297:Lakshman, Ganesh (22 August 2017).
4260:
4155:"The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi"
4125:"Rajiv Gandhi cleared over bribery"
3325:Menon, Vandana (16 November 2017).
3247:The Congress, Indira to Sonia Gandh
3013:
2925:"The White Revolution: A beginning"
2672:. The Guardian archive. 28 May 2013
2611:Bala Jeyaraman (2 September 2013).
2519:. Penguin Books India. p. 61.
2513:Nayantara Sahgal (1 January 2010).
2492:. Penguin Books India. p. 60.
2486:Nayantara Sahgal (1 January 2010).
2465:. Penguin Books India. p. 58.
2459:Nayantara Sahgal (1 January 2010).
2369:"History of Indian Economy Part II"
2011:
1505:reforms that involved implementing
1481:. His administration oversaw major
955:From 1951 until his death in 1964,
658:Lack of health care and medical aid
13:
8424:
5389:
5330:Dhillon, Amrit (19 October 2022).
4966:
4409:. 31 December 2012. Archived from
1701:Association for Democratic Reforms
1465:Visit of Narasimha Rao, to the CEC
1035:In 1964, Nehru died because of an
936:Premiership of Lal Bahadur Shastri
738:
263:
209:
14:
9740:
9548:International Day of Non-Violence
9445:National Salt Satyagraha Memorial
7935:National Students' Union of India
5296:Yasir, Sameer (3 December 2022).
4185:"Rajiv Gandhi assassination case"
4099:UCLA, Division of Social Sciences
3875:"Violence follows Gandhi killing"
3088:. Wikileaks Forum. Archived from
930:Nehru and Shastri era (1952–1966)
231:
8819:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
8376:
8364:
8352:
8341:
8340:
7995:
7994:
7945:All India Professionals Congress
6898:
5646:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
5323:
5289:
5261:
5241:Joy, Shemin (23 February 2021).
5208:
5154:
5100:
4960:
4935:
4907:
4881:
4822:
4794:
4766:
4738:
4719:Negi, Saroj (16 December 2017).
4697:Dugger, Celia W. (21 May 1999).
4690:
4671:
4652:
4625:
4524:
4328:"Narasimha Rao – a Reforming PM"
3929:Nelson, Dean (30 January 2014).
3901:Joseph, Paul (11 October 2016).
3271:Sanghvi, Vijay (21 March 2006).
3082:"Controversial death of Shastri"
2789:. Orient Blackswan. p. 17.
2432:. Ministry of External Affairs,
2301:"Nehru Years in Indian Politics"
1892:B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya (1935),
1501:mandate, Singh launched India's
1425:Economic liberalisation in India
1306:Congress Loksabha seats all time
1110:National Dairy Development Board
967:where the government-controlled
401:to put forth Indian demands for
9614:Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai
9131:Indian currency (Gandhi Series,
5886:Provisional Government of India
4888:Chandra, Rina (14 April 2009).
4608:Political Parties in South Asia
4368:
4117:
3955:
3650:"Indian general election, 1977"
3621:Inder Malhotra (23 June 2010).
3561:
3528:
3500:
3444:
3304:. MIT Press. pp. 468–470.
3264:
3172:
3021:"The Indo-Pakistan war of 1965"
2868:"Biography of Gulzarilal Nanda"
2838:"History and Politics of India"
2349:. Economic and Political Weekly
2265:
2249:
2222:Prakash, Gyan (13 April 2019).
2215:
2197:
2179:
2126:
2108:
2091:
2057:Agrawal, M. G. (31 July 2008).
1848:
1839:
1695:is deputy leader in Lok Sabha,
1675:, INC's leader of the Lok Sabha
863:
685:Ascendance to power (1937–1942)
9126:Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith
8687:Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)
8093:Nationalist Movements in India
7518:Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya
5368:Mahendra Prasad Singh (1981).
5361:
4943:"Manmohan survives trust vote"
4678:Rahman, M. (31 January 1995).
4531:"PV Narasimha Rao Passes Away"
2903:. Eternal Gandhi. p. 88.
2692:"Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964)"
2077:
1984:
1959:
1920:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1868:
1756:2022 INC Presidential Election
1513:. Rao was also referred to as
1170:Assassination of Indira Gandhi
926:India's main political party.
150:In May 1885, Hume secured the
1:
9143:Indian 10 Rupee postage stamp
8519:Second Round Table Conference
8296:Shrimadh Bhagvad Gita Rahasya
7373:Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar
5056:. 17 May 2014. Archived from
5020:"Coal Block Allocations Scam"
4914:Mathew, Liz (30 March 2010).
4774:"The mathematics of politics"
4533:. Retrieved 7 October 2007.
3050:"Life of Lal Bahadur Shastri"
2958:Jyotirindra Dasgupta (1970).
1966:Laskar, Rejaul Karim (2013).
1861:
1440:In 1984, Indira Gandhi's son
1330:, based on the provisions of
1213:, for the vacant post of the
1174:Indian general election, 1977
851:, an Indian Islamic scholar,
759:
518:Expansion and re-organization
373:When the British entered the
156:1885 British general election
22:The present flag of the party
9709:Indian independence movement
8553:Gujarat Vidyapith University
8467:Indian independence movement
8282:The Arctic Home in the Vedas
8245:Tilak Maharashtra University
8058:Indian Independence Movement
7704:Chembakassery Mathai Stephen
6973:All India Congress Committee
6947:Indian National Congress (I)
6942:Indian National Congress (R)
6495:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
5771:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
5453:Indian independence movement
4268:"PV Narasimha Rao Biography"
3723:Election Commission of India
3364:Election Commission of India
2577:. Press Information Bureau:
2261:. Meenakshi Prakashan. 1984.
1812:Indian independence movement
1681:2019 Indian general election
1659:National Democratic Alliance
1576:National Democratic Alliance
1223:Indian National Congress (O)
1199:1967 Indian general election
1013:All India Congress Committee
1011:became the president of the
1000:North-West Frontier Province
773:, the prominent leader from
771:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari
722:provincial elections of 1937
718:Government of India Act 1935
670:Poverty, with proliferating
7:
9659:Mohandas Gandhi High School
9241:Leela (great-granddaughter)
9040:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
8165:Kirti M. Doongursee College
7378:Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur
6685:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
6072:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
4831:"As Sonia Gandhi makes way"
3788:"1984: Operation Blue Star"
3659:. Inter-Parliamentary Union
2541:"K. Kamaraj – Life History"
1800:
1647:Indian coal allocation scam
1586:UPA governments (2004–2014)
1507:International Monetary Fund
1360:. However, the designation
781:Indian National Army Trials
664:and the oppression of women
567:Pradesh Congress Committees
533:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
248:positions. In the words of
34:during the Second World War
10:
9745:
9724:Political history of India
9719:History by political party
9161:Karamchand Gandhi (father)
8882:Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram
8088:Kesari (Marathi newspaper)
8073:All India Home Rule League
7188:Dadra and Nagar Haveli Diu
6978:Congress Working Committee
6420:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
5972:Indian Independence League
5689:Partition of Bengal (1947)
5684:Partition of Bengal (1905)
5048:"List of Congress winners"
4468:Transnational Organization
4215:Rajiv Gandhi Assassination
3752:"Operation Blue Star 1984"
3333:. Printline Media Pvt. Ltd
3222:. Aroon Purie. 2 July 2007
3167:Mahendra Prasad Singh 1981
2771:Mahendra Prasad Singh 1981
2599:Mahendra Prasad Singh 1981
1568:Nationalist Congress Party
1418:
1373:Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
1364:was dropped only in 1996.
1163:
1117:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
1103:. In the aftermath of the
1063:, as was Defence Minister
933:
828:
763:
484:The Father of Modern India
434:
284:Rise of Indian nationalism
221:Supporting wealth creation
202:demands made by Congress.
9566:
9535:
9424:
9415:
9249:
9151:
9093:
8917:
8739:
8669:
8596:
8432:
8336:
8305:
8273:
8265:Tilak Smarak Ranga Mandir
8255:Tilak Nagar metro station
8237:
8196:
8173:
8137:
8116:
8048:
7992:
7953:
7925:All India Mahila Congress
7912:
7752:
7666:
7659:
7611:
7233:
7213:
7165:
6999:
6986:
6960:
6907:
6811:
6710:
6595:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
6395:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
6215:
6092:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
6012:
5967:Indian Home Rule movement
5909:
5806:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
5746:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
5674:
5611:
5459:
4638:Inter-Parliamentary Union
3608:10.1080/01436598508419863
3287:– via Google Books.
3277:. Gyan Publishing House.
2073:– via Google Books.
2063:. Gyan Publishing House.
2021:Hanes, W. Travis (1993).
2007:– via Google Books.
1627:act. The NAC, as well as
1610:National Advisory Council
1592:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1073:External Affairs Minister
1061:Finance Minister of India
911:, whom he perceived as a
859:1947–1952: transformation
731:The radical followers of
642:, the Congress attacked:
170:and Justice (later, Sir)
9674:Roads named after Gandhi
8990:Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri
8472:Non-cooperation movement
8313:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
8229:Vishnushastri Chiplunkar
8214:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
8145:Deccan Education Society
8063:Indian National Congress
7278:Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
7243:Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
6896:Indian National Congress
6834:Indian annexation of Goa
6680:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
6192:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
5957:Indian National Congress
5756:Non-cooperation movement
5413:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
5374:. Abhinav Publications.
4578:"The Sitaram Kesri case"
4441:. Abu Dhabi. 19 May 2012
3684:The Rhetoric of Hindutva
3508:"Emergency papers found"
3142:socialsciences.ucla.edu/
2750:"Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda"
2258:Indian Political Parties
2087:. BBC News. 4 July 2020.
2027:Journal of World History
1914:John F. Riddick (2006),
1832:
1621:Right to Information Act
1527:, the party's first non-
1269:to former rulers of the
1089:Minister of Home Affairs
819:Royal Indian Navy Mutiny
813:Royal Indian Navy Mutiny
649:and caste discrimination
525:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
340:V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
300:This was personified by
258:Indian National Congress
242:Indian National Congress
164:Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
116:Indian Rebellion of 1857
48:Indian National Congress
9302:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
9236:Tushar (great-grandson)
9216:Gopalkrishna (grandson)
9116:Gandhi Peace Foundation
8955:Brij Krishna Chandiwala
8260:Lokmanya Tilak Terminus
7760:N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar
7423:C. Vijayaraghavachariar
6839:Indian Independence Act
6425:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
6400:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
6370:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
6107:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
6087:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
5922:All-India Muslim League
5876:Royal Air Force strikes
5841:Round table conferences
5831:Chittagong armoury raid
5721:Hindu–German Conspiracy
5704:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
5474:Porto Grande de Bengala
5025:Daily News and Analysis
4583:Daily News and Analysis
4537:1 November 2007 at the
4387:29 January 2009 at the
4362:Daily News and Analysis
4044:Daily News and Analysis
3757:Daily News and Analysis
3244:Sanghvi, Vijay (2006).
2842:socialsciences.ucla.edu
2374:Daily News and Analysis
1496:Future prime ministers
1345:parliamentary elections
1312:High Court of Allahabad
837:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
746:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
9664:National Gandhi Museum
9639:Mahatma Gandhi College
9624:Gandhi Temple, Bhatara
9558:Season for Nonviolence
9357:Maria Lacerda de Moura
9352:Martin Luther King Jr.
8731:Gandhi Heritage Portal
8563:India ashrams (Kochrab
8477:Chauri Chaura incident
8442:Indian Ambulance Corps
8219:Vasudev Balwant Phadke
8083:Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav
7970:Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
7523:Purushottam Das Tandon
7393:Ambica Charan Mazumdar
6625:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
6530:Purushottam Das Tandon
5896:Praja Mandala movement
5710:The Indian Sociologist
5249:. The Printers, Mysore
4075:(Opinion). 19 May 2013
3681:Basu, Manisha (2016).
2545:www.perunthalaivar.org
2165:. Anmol Publications.
2133:Kulkarni, Sudheendra.
2097:The moderates, led by
1875:A. Moin Zaidi (1976).
1743:
1685:Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury
1676:
1673:Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury
1596:
1560:1998 general elections
1555:
1466:
1437:
1307:
1280:Twenty-sixth Amendment
1259:
1249:
1194:
1160:Indira era (1966–1984)
1032:
952:
909:Purushottam Das Tandon
878:Syama Prasad Mookerjee
713:
507:
498:The Mahatma Gandhi era
370:
345:The moderates, led by
293:
148:
139:University of Calcutta
103:
43:
35:
23:
9221:Ramchandra (grandson)
9065:Rettamalai Srinivasan
9055:Anugrah Narayan Sinha
8825:The Masque of Anarchy
8609:Composite nationalism
8604:Practices and beliefs
8536:Natal Indian Congress
7980:Anumula Revanth Reddy
7930:Indian Youth Congress
7805:Kodardas Kalidas Shah
7780:Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
7343:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
7328:Surendranath Banerjee
7293:Surendranath Banerjee
6849:Political integration
6590:Shyamji Krishna Varma
6375:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
6320:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
6152:Rettamalai Srinivasan
6112:Mahadev Govind Ranade
5917:All India Kisan Sabha
5881:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
5781:Qissa Khwani massacre
5766:Coolie-Begar movement
5581:Second Anglo-Sikh War
4969:"Reading the Verdict"
4355:12 March 2013 at the
3905:. SAGE. p. 433.
3821:"Operation Blue Star"
3596:Third World Quarterly
3431:Reserve Bank of India
3182:, 10(3), pp. 256–262.
3138:"Lal Bahadur Shastri"
2638:N. S. Gehlot (1991).
2099:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1940:Madhvi Yasin (1996),
1775:2024 general election
1738:
1671:
1542:
1464:
1432:
1358:1984 general election
1310:On 12 June 1975, the
1305:
1245:
1185:
1166:The Emergency (India)
1030:
943:
791:INA Defence Committee
692:
599:renamed by Gandhi as
505:
368:
347:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
291:
254:Indian foreign policy
244:had well articulated
238:independence of India
143:
101:
76:S. Ramaswami Mudaliar
60:Surendranath Banerjee
41:
29:
21:
9085:Kishorlal Mashruwala
8874:Gandhi's translation
8499:Dharasana Satyagraha
8457:Champaran Satyagraha
8323:Subhash Chandra Bose
8250:Tilak Maidan Stadium
8224:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
7563:Shankar Dayal Sharma
7543:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
7483:Madan Mohan Malaviya
7463:Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari
7458:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
7403:Madan Mohan Malaviya
7358:Madan Mohan Malaviya
7323:Dinshaw Edulji Wacha
7298:Rahimtulla M. Sayani
6675:Veeran Sundaralingam
6630:Tara Rani Srivastava
6565:Sahajanand Saraswati
6455:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
6340:Chandra Shekhar Azad
6245:Alluri Sitarama Raju
6202:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
6157:Sahajanand Saraswati
6077:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
5977:Indian National Army
5821:Dharasana Satyagraha
5726:Champaran Satyagraha
5576:First Anglo-Sikh War
4383:(23 December 2004).
3424:"The Defining Event"
2666:"The death of Nehru"
2317:on 24 September 2015
2159:Singh, M.K. (2009).
1946:, Raj Publications,
1617:employment guarantee
1548:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
1498:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1487:Industries portfolio
1409:1984 anti-Sikh riots
1324:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
1231:Samyukt Vidhayak Dal
1211:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
1189:with U.S. President
1178:1984 anti-Sikh riots
1154:Bharatiya Kranti Dal
1142:Orissa Jana Congress
1125:Tashkent Declaration
1067:. Shastri appointed
1057:T. T. Krishnamachari
1053:Council of Ministers
1048:over Morarji Desai.
971:co-existed with the
437:Champaran Satyagraha
421:, he coined a term,
256:and an ideologue of
108:Indian Civil Service
9629:Kaba Gandhi No Delo
9337:Lal Bahadur Shastri
9307:Govind Vallabh Pant
9211:Rajmohan (grandson)
9206:Ela (granddaughter)
9101:Artistic depictions
8960:Sudhakar Chaturvedi
8857:Henry Stephens Salt
8842:Sermon on the Mount
8771:Henry David Thoreau
8748:A Letter to a Hindu
8558:Harijan Sevak Sangh
8042:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
7830:Narayan Dutt Tiwari
7815:Kamalapati Tripathi
7810:Uma Shankar Dikshit
7770:Lal Bahadur Shastri
7719:P. V. Narasimha Rao
7684:Lal Bahadur Shastri
7646:P. V. Narasimha Rao
7626:Lal Bahadur Shastri
7583:P. V. Narasimha Rao
7503:Subhas Chandra Bose
7438:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
7383:Bhupendra Nath Bose
7313:Romesh Chunder Dutt
7173:Andaman and Nicobar
6927:Nehru–Gandhi family
6660:V. K. Krishna Menon
6605:Subhas Chandra Bose
6490:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
6485:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
6380:Govind Ballabh Pant
6360:Dayananda Saraswati
6285:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
6082:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
6062:Dhondo Keshav Karve
6057:Dayananda Saraswati
6052:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
6027:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
5540:Anglo-Maratha Wars
4665:The Washington Post
4508:(1). Archived from
4278:on 27 December 2012
4105:on 26 February 2000
3998:on 1 September 2012
3937:The Daily Telegraph
3794:The Daily Telegraph
3488:on 12 November 1999
3401:. 17 September 2015
3086:wikileaks-forum.com
2848:on 12 November 1999
2579:Government of India
2434:Government of India
2377:. DNA. 11 July 2011
1705:political defection
1697:Ravneet Singh Bittu
1471:P. V. Narasimha Rao
1389:Operation Blue Star
1121:Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
1046:Lal Bahadur Shastri
949:Indian Constitution
766:Quit India Movement
733:Subhas Chandra Bose
711:Subhas Chandra Bose
693:An old building in
549:Subhas Chandra Bose
468:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
460:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
450:Battle for the soul
431:Champaran and Kheda
391:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
375:British Indian Army
312:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
306:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
250:Rejaul Karim Laskar
180:Madras Presidencies
112:Allan Octavian Hume
102:Allan Octavian Hume
88:Allan Octavian Hume
84:Romesh Chunder Dutt
9282:C. Rajagopalachari
9277:Brajkishore Prasad
9272:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
9231:Kanu (grandnephew)
9134:Gandhi New Series,
9121:Gandhi Peace Prize
9111:Gandhi Peace Award
9005:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
9000:Hermann Kallenbach
8975:Dada Dharmadhikari
8852:Shrimad Rajchandra
8784:Civil disobedience
8776:Civil Disobedience
8452:Bardoli Satyagraha
8155:Willingdon College
7900:Mallikarjun Kharge
7785:Yashwantrao Chavan
7739:Sushilkumar Shinde
7699:Yashwantrao Chavan
7603:Mallikarjun Kharge
7368:Bishan Narayan Dar
7363:William Wedderburn
7318:N. G. Chandavarkar
7263:William Wedderburn
6844:Partition of India
6690:Yashwantrao Holkar
6655:V. O. Chidamabaram
6610:Subramania Bharati
6540:Rahul Sankrityayan
6525:Pritilata Waddedar
6435:Shri Krishna Singh
6335:C. Rajagopalachari
6325:Bidhan Chandra Roy
6310:Bhavabhushan Mitra
6295:Begum Hazrat Mahal
6250:Annapurna Maharana
6122:Muthulakshmi Reddy
6067:G. Subramania Iyer
5761:Christmas Day Plot
5636:Indian nationalism
5586:Sannyasi rebellion
5484:East India Company
5302:The New York Times
5167:The Times of India
4994:"2G spectrum scam"
4836:The Indian Express
4810:. 15 December 2017
4807:The Indian Express
4703:The New York Times
4406:The Times of India
4303:The Times of India
4245:The Indian Express
4193:. 27 February 2014
4190:The Times of India
3542:The Times of India
3513:The Times of India
3195:The Economic Times
2228:The New York Times
2041:– via JSTOR.
1807:Indian nationalism
1779:Trinamool Congress
1760:Mallikarjun Kharge
1744:
1677:
1625:right to education
1556:
1545:President of India
1535:INC (1998–present)
1467:
1438:
1328:State of Emergency
1308:
1239:the original party
1215:president of India
1195:
1071:to succeed him as
1065:Yashwantrao Chavan
1033:
963:, and advocated a
953:
902:Jivatram Kripalani
841:Saifuddin Kitchlew
825:Partition of India
714:
701:, with statues of
676:cottage industries
617:Social development
508:
419:civil disobedience
399:Home Rule Movement
371:
294:
168:William Wedderburn
120:East India Company
104:
80:S. Subramania Iyer
44:
36:
24:
9696:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9475:Parliament Square
9407:Vallabhbhai Patel
9196:Samaldas (nephew)
9191:Maganlal (cousin)
9060:Sri Krishna Sinha
9025:Vallabhbhai Patel
9010:Acharya Kripalani
8985:Shiv Prasad Gupta
8940:Shankarlal Banker
8903:Vaishnava Jana To
8721:Seven Social Sins
8514:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
8504:Vaikom Satyagraha
8392:
8391:
8328:Chapekar brothers
8209:Bipin Chandra Pal
8150:Fergusson College
8078:Swadeshi movement
8008:
8007:
7988:
7987:
7908:
7907:
7840:Shankarrao Chavan
7478:Vallabhbhai Patel
7353:Rash Behari Ghosh
7268:Pherozeshah Mehta
7229:
7228:
7057:Jammu and Kashmir
7012:Arunachal Pradesh
6952:Breakaway parties
6922:Electoral history
6862:
6861:
6829:Republic of India
6665:Vallabhbhai Patel
6650:Ubaidullah Sindhi
6550:Ram Prasad Bismil
6445:M. Bhaktavatsalam
6405:Jatindra Nath Das
6330:Bipin Chandra Pal
6265:Babu Kunwar Singh
6235:Achyut Patwardhan
5992:Khudai Khidmatgar
5836:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
5776:Kakori conspiracy
5736:Rowlatt Committee
5699:Direct Action Day
5661:Swadeshi movement
5641:Khilafat Movement
5631:Hindu nationalism
5591:Rebellion of 1857
5514:Anglo-Mysore Wars
5504:Battle of Plassey
5381:978-81-7017-140-9
5277:. 30 January 2023
5000:. 19 October 2012
4618:978-0-275-96832-8
4225:978-81-207-3265-0
4131:. 4 February 2004
4047:. 22 January 2014
4039:"Resurgent India"
3855:. 31 October 1984
3694:978-1-107-14987-8
3549:on 28 August 2011
3463:978-93-11124-66-7
3453:Banking Awareness
3311:978-0-262-18234-8
3257:978-81-7835-340-1
3169:, pp. 65–80.
3060:Ananda Publishers
3055:Business Standard
3025:indiannavy.nic.in
2971:978-0-520-01590-6
2939:on 19 August 2014
2910:978-81-231-0193-4
2878:on 28 August 2012
2823:978-0-19-804299-0
2796:978-81-250-1477-5
2651:978-81-7100-306-8
2624:978-81-291-3227-7
2526:978-0-670-08357-2
2499:978-0-670-08357-2
2472:978-0-670-08357-2
2211:. 2 October 2019.
2172:978-81-261-3745-9
2103:Pherozeshah Mehta
1977:978-93-83154-06-7
1748:Bharat Jodo Yatra
1740:Bharat Jodo Yatra
1710:Arunachal Pradesh
1511:economic collapse
1354:landslide victory
1037:aortic dissection
896:Leadership change
853:opposed partition
752:The final battles
553:Srinivasa Iyengar
476:Amritsar Massacre
456:Bipin Chandra Pal
351:Pherozeshah Mehta
328:Bipin Chandra Pal
86:. The Englishman
68:Pherozeshah Mehta
9736:
9684:Satyagraha House
9679:Sabarmati Ashram
9599:Gandhi Promenade
9525:Washington, D.C.
9480:Tavistock Square
9465:Pietermaritzburg
9422:
9421:
9327:Jawaharlal Nehru
9262:Aung San Suu Kyi
9080:Ravishankar Vyas
9045:Bibi Amtus Salam
8809:Parsee Rustomjee
8509:Aundh Experiment
8462:Kheda Satyagraha
8419:
8412:
8405:
8396:
8395:
8383:Wikisource texts
8380:
8368:
8367:
8356:
8355:
8344:
8343:
8289:The Orion (book)
8035:
8028:
8021:
8012:
8011:
7998:
7997:
7960:
7959:
7895:Ghulam Nabi Azad
7880:Abhishek Singhvi
7820:Pranab Mukherjee
7800:Jaisukhlal Hathi
7790:Jaisukhlal Hathi
7734:Pranab Mukherjee
7679:Gulzarilal Nanda
7674:Jawaharlal Nehru
7664:
7663:
7631:Gulzarilal Nanda
7621:Jawaharlal Nehru
7528:Jawaharlal Nehru
7498:Jawaharlal Nehru
7473:Jawaharlal Nehru
7433:Chittaranjan Das
7428:Hakim Ajmal Khan
7348:Dadabhai Naoroji
7308:Anandamohan Bose
7303:C. Sankaran Nair
7283:Dadabhai Naoroji
7253:Badruddin Tyabji
7248:Dadabhai Naoroji
7052:Himachal Pradesh
6997:
6996:
6902:
6889:
6882:
6875:
6866:
6865:
6854:Simla Conference
6645:Tiruppur Kumaran
6615:Subramaniya Siva
6570:Sangolli Rayanna
6560:Rash Behari Bose
6500:Nagnath Naikwadi
6410:Jawaharlal Nehru
6355:Dadabhai Naoroji
6350:Chittaranjan Das
6240:A. K. Fazlul Huq
6162:Savitribai Phule
5987:Khaksar movement
5942:Berlin Committee
5927:Anushilan Samiti
5891:Independence Day
5851:Aundh Experiment
5826:Vedaranyam March
5731:Kheda Satyagraha
5716:Singapore Mutiny
5499:Portuguese India
5446:
5439:
5432:
5423:
5422:
5385:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5222:. 27 August 2020
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5170:. 11 August 2019
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5142:. 11 August 2019
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4967:Bidwai, Praful.
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4547:
4541:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4470:. Archived from
4465:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4397:
4391:
4372:
4366:
4346:
4337:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4274:. Archived from
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4101:. Archived from
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3934:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3790:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3760:. Deepak Rathi.
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3725:. Archived from
3716:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3654:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3545:. Archived from
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3366:. Archived from
3357:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3148:on 22 April 2000
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2935:. Archived from
2921:
2915:
2914:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2344:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2305:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2112:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2054:
2043:
2042:
2018:
2009:
2008:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1643:2G spectrum case
1599:
1264:
1253:
1059:was retained as
1041:Gulzarilal Nanda
957:Jawaharlal Nehru
807:Jawaharlal Nehru
545:Chittaranjan Das
441:Kheda Satyagraha
302:Dadabhai Naoroji
106:Retired British
64:Badruddin Tyabji
56:Dadabhai Naoroji
9744:
9743:
9739:
9738:
9737:
9735:
9734:
9733:
9699:
9698:
9697:
9688:
9609:Gandhi Memorial
9584:Gandhi Mandapam
9574:Aga Khan Palace
9562:
9531:
9411:
9382:Rajendra Prasad
9342:Lanza del Vasto
9297:François Bayrou
9287:Eknath Easwaran
9257:14th Dalai Lama
9245:
9226:Kanu (grandson)
9201:Arun (grandson)
9166:Kasturba (wife)
9147:
9089:
9020:Mohanlal Pandya
8995:J. C. Kumarappa
8913:
8735:
8726:Navajivan Trust
8665:
8592:
8434:
8428:
8423:
8393:
8388:
8332:
8301:
8269:
8233:
8204:Lala Lajpat Rai
8192:
8169:
8133:
8112:
8050:
8044:
8039:
8009:
8004:
7984:
7955:Chief ministers
7949:
7913:Political wings
7904:
7870:Digvijaya Singh
7835:P. Shiv Shankar
7748:
7655:
7613:Prime ministers
7607:
7553:S. Nijalingappa
7513:J. B. Kripalani
7508:Abul Kalam Azad
7493:Rajendra Prasad
7488:Nellie Sengupta
7443:Abul Kalam Azad
7418:Lala Lajpat Rai
7408:Syed Hasan Imam
7225:
7209:
7161:
6991:
6989:
6982:
6956:
6903:
6893:
6863:
6858:
6819:Cabinet Mission
6807:
6711:British leaders
6706:
6695:Yogendra Shukla
6600:Siraj ud-Daulah
6555:Rani Lakshmibai
6545:Rajendra Prasad
6535:R. Venkataraman
6480:Mithuben Petit‎
6460:Mahadaji Shinde
6440:Lala Lajpat Rai
6275:Bahadur Shah II
6260:Ashfaqulla Khan
6230:Accamma Cherian
6225:Abul Kalam Azad
6217:
6211:
6182:Syed Ahmad Khan
6172:Sister Nivedita
6137:Pandita Ramabai
6132:Niralamba Swami
6097:J. B. Kripalani
6022:Ashfaqulla Khan
6014:
6008:
5947:Ghadar Movement
5905:
5786:Flag Satyagraha
5694:Revolutionaries
5676:
5670:
5613:
5607:
5509:Battle of Buxar
5455:
5450:
5399:Rajmohan Gandhi
5392:
5390:Further reading
5382:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5348:
5346:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5294:
5290:
5280:
5278:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5250:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5199:
5197:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5173:
5171:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5145:
5143:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5117:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5029:
5028:. 30 April 2013
5018:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4949:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4896:
4886:
4882:
4872:
4870:
4867:Hindustan Times
4858:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4827:
4823:
4813:
4811:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4785:
4783:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4752:Hindustan Times
4743:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4717:
4710:
4695:
4691:
4676:
4672:
4657:
4653:
4643:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4619:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4548:
4544:
4539:Wayback Machine
4529:
4525:
4515:
4513:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4477:on 14 July 2014
4474:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4389:Wayback Machine
4373:
4369:
4357:Wayback Machine
4347:
4340:
4326:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4308:The Times Group
4295:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4248:. 25 April 2014
4238:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4210:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4168:
4166:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3797:. 6 June 2014.
3785:
3784:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3732:on 18 July 2014
3729:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3679:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3619:
3615:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3576:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3482:sscnet.ucla.edu
3476:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3373:on 18 July 2014
3370:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3242:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3200:The Times Group
3191:
3190:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3019:
3018:
3014:
2999:10.2307/2755179
2987:Pacific Affairs
2983:
2979:
2972:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2866:
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2851:
2849:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2719:
2718:
2714:
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2702:
2690:
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2609:
2605:
2597:
2593:
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2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2457:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2424:
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2419:
2409:
2407:
2395:
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2380:
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2367:
2366:
2362:
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2342:
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2314:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2220:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2193:. 23 June 2020.
2185:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2157:
2146:
2131:
2127:
2122:. 28 July 2017.
2114:
2113:
2109:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2055:
2046:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1912:
1903:
1890:
1886:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1803:
1638:
1588:
1537:
1483:economic change
1427:
1417:
1287:Sino-Indian War
1275:nationalisation
1273:, and the 1969
1271:Princely states
1255:
1251:
1219:S. Nijalingappa
1180:
1162:
1146:Bangla Congress
1131:as leader over
1119:. His slogan, "
1105:Sino-Indian War
938:
932:
898:
882:Hindu Mahasabha
866:
861:
833:
827:
815:
799:Bhulabhai Desai
783:
768:
762:
754:
741:
739:Traditionalists
699:India's freedom
687:
619:
529:Rajendra Prasad
520:
500:
492:Lala Lajpat Rai
452:
443:
435:Main articles:
433:
414:Mohandas Gandhi
363:
336:Aurobindo Ghose
332:Lala Lajpat Rai
286:
270:Syed Ahmed Khan
266:
264:Muslim response
252:, a scholar of
234:
212:
210:Economic policy
96:
12:
11:
5:
9742:
9732:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9694:
9693:
9690:
9689:
9687:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
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9616:
9611:
9606:
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9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9570:
9568:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9543:Gandhi Jayanti
9539:
9537:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9529:
9528:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9484:
9483:
9482:
9477:
9469:
9468:
9467:
9462:
9454:
9453:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9434:
9428:
9426:
9419:
9413:
9412:
9410:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9377:Nelson Mandela
9374:
9369:
9364:
9362:Mehdi Bazargan
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9332:Joan Bondurant
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9292:Draupadi Murmu
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9253:
9251:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9157:
9155:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9145:
9140:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9097:
9095:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9070:V. A. Sundaram
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9050:Sonja Schlesin
9047:
9042:
9037:
9035:Mithuben Petit
9032:
9030:Narhari Parikh
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8935:Jamnalal Bajaj
8932:
8927:
8921:
8919:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8899:
8896:Hari Tuma Haro
8892:
8885:
8878:
8877:
8876:
8868:Unto This Last
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
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8761:
8751:
8743:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8711:
8708:Mangal Prabhat
8704:
8697:
8694:Indian Opinion
8690:
8683:
8675:
8673:
8667:
8666:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
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8628:
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8616:
8611:
8606:
8600:
8598:
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8523:
8522:
8521:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8490:
8489:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8438:
8436:
8430:
8429:
8426:Mahatma Gandhi
8422:
8421:
8414:
8407:
8399:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8386:
8374:
8362:
8350:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8318:Mahatma Gandhi
8315:
8309:
8307:
8303:
8302:
8300:
8299:
8292:
8285:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8241:
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8234:
8232:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8200:
8198:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8185:
8177:
8175:
8171:
8170:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8054:
8052:
8046:
8045:
8038:
8037:
8030:
8023:
8015:
8006:
8005:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7966:
7964:
7957:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7890:Manmohan Singh
7887:
7882:
7877:
7875:P. Chidambaram
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7775:Govind Ballabh
7772:
7767:
7762:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7670:
7668:
7661:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7653:
7651:Manmohan Singh
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7617:
7615:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
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7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7453:Sarojini Naidu
7450:
7448:Mahatma Gandhi
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7333:Lalmohan Ghosh
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7239:
7237:
7231:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7217:
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7211:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7180:
7175:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7077:Madhya Pradesh
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7007:Andhra Pradesh
7003:
7001:
6994:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6913:
6911:
6905:
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6892:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6869:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6635:Tarak Nath Das
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6585:Shuja-ud-Daula
6582:
6577:
6575:Sarojini Naidu
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6520:Prafulla Chaki
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6465:Mahatma Gandhi
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6187:Vakkom Moulavi
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6117:Mahatma Gandhi
6114:
6109:
6104:
6102:Jyotirao Phule
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6042:B. R. Ambedkar
6039:
6034:
6032:Ayya Vaikundar
6029:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5861:Cripps Mission
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5751:Noakhali riots
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5614:and ideologies
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5598:
5596:Radcliffe Line
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5571:Vellore Mutiny
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5449:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:Narhari Parikh
5410:
5401:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5380:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5322:
5288:
5260:
5233:
5207:
5196:. 15 July 2021
5181:
5153:
5139:Economic Times
5125:
5099:
5071:
5060:on 19 May 2014
5039:
5011:
4985:
4959:
4934:
4906:
4880:
4849:
4821:
4793:
4765:
4737:
4708:
4689:
4670:
4651:
4624:
4617:
4597:
4586:. 10 July 2011
4569:
4542:
4523:
4512:on 17 May 2014
4488:
4452:
4424:
4413:on 20 May 2013
4392:
4367:
4338:
4320:
4289:
4259:
4231:
4224:
4204:
4176:
4142:
4116:
4086:
4058:
4030:
4009:
3992:pmindia.gov.in
3979:
3954:
3921:
3912:978-1483359885
3911:
3893:
3866:
3838:
3827:. 10 June 2013
3812:
3775:
3762:Dainik Bhaskar
3743:
3700:
3693:
3670:
3641:
3613:
3602:(3): 731–778.
3586:
3574:Indian Express
3560:
3527:
3516:. 30 June 2013
3499:
3469:
3462:
3443:
3412:
3384:
3344:
3317:
3310:
3290:
3283:
3263:
3256:
3233:
3205:
3184:
3171:
3159:
3129:
3103:
3073:
3041:
3012:
2977:
2970:
2950:
2916:
2909:
2889:
2872:pmindia.gov.in
2859:
2829:
2822:
2802:
2795:
2775:
2763:
2741:
2725:news.bbc.co.uk
2712:
2683:
2657:
2650:
2630:
2623:
2603:
2591:
2562:
2551:on 5 July 2014
2532:
2525:
2505:
2498:
2478:
2471:
2446:
2417:
2401:news.bbc.co.uk
2388:
2360:
2328:
2289:
2264:
2248:
2214:
2196:
2178:
2171:
2144:
2125:
2107:
2090:
2076:
2069:
2044:
2010:
2003:
1983:
1976:
1958:
1952:
1932:
1926:
1901:
1884:
1881:. p. 609.
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1764:Shashi Tharoor
1714:Madhya Pradesh
1637:
1634:
1629:the Left Front
1606:Manmohan Singh
1587:
1584:
1570:(NCP), led by
1552:Manmohan Singh
1536:
1533:
1479:Andhra Pradesh
1456:a peace accord
1447:Bofors scandal
1416:
1413:
1296:Subhadra Joshi
1244:
1161:
1158:
1150:Utkal Congress
1135:. Once again,
1093:Prime Minister
973:private sector
931:
928:
897:
894:
865:
862:
860:
857:
845:Dr. Khan Sahib
829:Main article:
826:
823:
814:
811:
782:
779:
761:
758:
753:
750:
740:
737:
697:commemorating
686:
683:
679:
678:
668:
665:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:Untouchability
618:
615:
614:
613:
610:
606:
591:
588:
563:
537:Narhari Parikh
519:
516:
499:
496:
451:
448:
432:
429:
362:
359:
285:
282:
265:
262:
246:foreign policy
233:
232:Foreign policy
230:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
211:
208:
124:British Empire
110:(ICS) officer
95:
92:
72:W. C. Banerjee
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9741:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9704:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9619:Gandhi Teerth
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9604:Gandhi Smriti
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9589:Gandhi Market
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9579:Gandhi Bhawan
9577:
9575:
9572:
9571:
9569:
9565:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9540:
9538:
9534:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9515:San Francisco
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9487:
9485:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9457:
9456:South Africa
9455:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9414:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9372:Narendra Modi
9370:
9368:
9367:Morarji Desai
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9248:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9176:Manilal (son)
9174:
9172:
9171:Harilal (son)
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9154:
9150:
9144:
9141:
9138:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8970:Mahadev Desai
8968:
8966:
8965:Jugatram Dave
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8930:C. F. Andrews
8928:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8916:
8910:
8909:Vegetarianism
8907:
8904:
8900:
8897:
8893:
8890:
8889:Ekla Chalo Re
8886:
8883:
8879:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8870:
8869:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8827:
8826:
8821:
8820:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8766:
8765:Bhagavad Gita
8762:
8759:
8755:
8752:
8749:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8738:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8716:
8712:
8710:
8709:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8698:
8696:
8695:
8691:
8689:
8688:
8684:
8682:
8681:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8668:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8595:
8589:
8588:Assassination
8586:
8584:
8583:List of fasts
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8573:Sodepur Khadi
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8543:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8435:and movements
8431:
8427:
8420:
8415:
8413:
8408:
8406:
8401:
8400:
8397:
8385:
8384:
8379:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8351:
8349:
8348:
8339:
8338:
8335:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8304:
8298:
8297:
8293:
8291:
8290:
8286:
8284:
8283:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8272:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8236:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8182:Bhagavad Gita
8179:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8136:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8115:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:and movements
8047:
8043:
8036:
8031:
8029:
8024:
8022:
8017:
8016:
8013:
8003:
8002:
7991:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7885:Rajeev Shukla
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7860:Jairam Ramesh
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7765:Charu Chandra
7763:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7694:Indira Gandhi
7692:
7690:
7689:Satya Narayan
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7662:
7658:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7636:Indira Gandhi
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7588:Sitaram Kesri
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7573:Indira Gandhi
7571:
7569:
7568:D. K. Barooah
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7538:Indira Gandhi
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7468:Motilal Nehru
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7413:Motilal Nehru
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7194:
7193:Daman and Diu
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7152:Uttar Pradesh
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6932:The Emergency
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6901:
6897:
6890:
6885:
6883:
6878:
6876:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6580:Satyapal Dang
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
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6505:Nana Fadnavis
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6305:Bharathidasan
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6290:Basawon Singh
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6177:Sri Aurobindo
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6147:Ram Mohan Roy
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6127:Narayana Guru
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5912:
5910:Organisations
5908:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5871:Bombay Mutiny
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Indian Legion
5854:
5852:
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5809:
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5797:
5796:1928 Protests
5794:
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5767:
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5741:Rowlatt Bills
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5409:
5405:
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5400:
5397:
5396:Patel: A Life
5394:
5393:
5383:
5377:
5373:
5372:
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5365:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5326:
5311:
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5264:
5248:
5247:Deccan Herald
5244:
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5185:
5169:
5168:
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5088:. 17 May 2014
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4782:. 16 May 2004
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3764:. 6 June 2014
3763:
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3284:9788178353401
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3092:on 1 May 2014
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2833:
2825:
2819:
2815:
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2806:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2773:, p. 42.
2772:
2767:
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2726:
2722:
2716:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2687:
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2661:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2601:, p. 46.
2600:
2595:
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2259:
2252:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2191:Deccan Herald
2188:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2070:9788182054684
2066:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2004:9781532037900
2000:
1997:. iUniverse.
1996:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1953:81-86208-05-4
1949:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1929:
1927:0-313-32280-5
1923:
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1660:
1656:
1655:Narendra Modi
1652:
1648:
1644:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:India Shining
1598:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1532:
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1526:
1525:Sitaram Kesri
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:globalisation
1499:
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1488:
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1405:Peter Ustinov
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:Satwant Singh
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:Golden Temple
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1340:Sanjay Gandhi
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Supreme Court
1317:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1288:
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1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:Indira Gandhi
1200:
1192:
1191:Richard Nixon
1188:
1187:Indira Gandhi
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1133:Morarji Desai
1130:
1129:Indira Gandhi
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:non-alignment
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:Indira Gandhi
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
993:Western Blocs
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:public sector
966:
965:mixed economy
962:
958:
950:
946:
942:
937:
927:
923:
921:
916:
914:
910:
905:
903:
893:
891:
885:
883:
879:
875:
874:B.R. Ambedkar
870:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
832:
822:
820:
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645:
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637:
633:
632:Uttar Pradesh
629:
625:
611:
607:
604:
603:
598:
597:
592:
589:
586:
585:British India
582:
581:
577:
573:
568:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Mahadev Desai
538:
534:
530:
526:
515:
512:
504:
495:
493:
489:
488:Motilal Nehru
485:
480:
477:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
447:
442:
438:
428:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
397:launched the
396:
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61:
57:
53:
49:
40:
33:
28:
20:
16:
9634:Kirti Mandir
9553:Martyrs' Day
9460:Johannesburg
9402:Vinoba Bhave
9387:Ramjee Singh
9347:Maulana Azad
9322:James Lawson
9186:Devdas (son)
9181:Ramdas (son)
9137:Indian rupee
9075:Abbas Tyabji
8950:Vinoba Bhave
8866:
8823:
8817:
8775:
8763:
8714:
8706:
8699:
8692:
8686:
8679:
8671:Publications
8482:Purna Swaraj
8447:Tolstoy Farm
8382:
8369:
8358:
8345:
8294:
8287:
8280:
8180:
8103:Purna Swaraj
7999:
7975:Siddaramaiah
7865:A. K. Antony
7855:Anand Sharma
7845:Motilal Vora
7795:M. C. Chagla
7744:Rahul Gandhi
7729:Sonia Gandhi
7724:Sharad Pawar
7709:Rajiv Gandhi
7641:Rajiv Gandhi
7598:Rahul Gandhi
7593:Sonia Gandhi
7578:Rajiv Gandhi
7558:Jagjivan Ram
7533:U. N. Dhebar
7398:Annie Besant
7338:Henry Cotton
7273:Anandacharlu
7027:Chhattisgarh
6961:Organisation
6916:
6908:
6824:Constitution
6812:Independence
6699:
6670:Vanchinathan
6300:Bhagat Singh
6255:Annie Besant
6216:Independence
6197:Vinoba Bhave
6001:
5997:Swaraj Party
5956:
5901:Lucknow Pact
5811:Purna Swaraj
5801:Nehru Report
5708:
5612:Philosophies
5600:
5566:Polygar Wars
5494:French India
5479:Dutch Bengal
5469:Colonisation
5412:
5403:
5395:
5370:
5347:. Retrieved
5336:The Guardian
5335:
5325:
5313:. Retrieved
5301:
5291:
5279:. Retrieved
5272:
5263:
5251:. Retrieved
5246:
5236:
5224:. Retrieved
5219:
5210:
5198:. Retrieved
5193:
5184:
5172:. Retrieved
5165:
5156:
5146:14 September
5144:. Retrieved
5137:
5128:
5116:. Retrieved
5111:
5102:
5090:. Retrieved
5083:
5074:
5062:. Retrieved
5058:the original
5051:
5042:
5030:. Retrieved
5023:
5014:
5002:. Retrieved
4997:
4988:
4976:. Retrieved
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6270:Bagha Jatin
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5846:Act of 1935
5621:Ambedkarism
5489:British Raj
5408:M.K. Gandhi
5362:Works cited
5349:24 December
5315:24 December
5281:24 December
5194:The Pioneer
5112:India Today
4998:India Today
4947:India Today
4899:19 December
4873:20 December
4842:19 December
4814:15 December
4758:16 December
4684:India Today
4554:. YouTube.
3219:India Today
3029:Indian Navy
2752:. PMO India
2277:India Today
2120:India Today
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1332:Article 352
1292:Indian Army
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8740:Influences
8661:Gandhi cap
8641:Satyagraha
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4151:NDTV India
3719:eci.nic.in
3628:Rediff.com
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2929:unicef.org
2575:pib.nic.in
2430:mea.gov.in
2347:www.epw.in
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5677:movements
5656:Socialism
5344:0261-3077
5310:0362-4331
5174:11 August
4978:6 January
4973:Frontline
4952:6 January
4927:17 August
4502:Frontline
3825:The Hindu
2696:bbc.co.uk
2241:24 August
2236:0362-4331
2209:The Hindu
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4380:VOA News
4353:Archived
4333:BBC News
4313:10 March
4163:Archived
4129:BBC News
3967:NDTV.com
3941:Archived
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3852:BBC News
3799:Archived
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