2966:
2978:
3088:
2812:, in the 16th century. The Jews lived peacefully for over a thousand years in Anjuvannam. After the reign of the Rabban's, the Jewish people no longer had the protection of the copper plates. Neighboring princes of Anjuvannam intervened and revoked all privileges that the Jewish people were given. In 1524, the Jews were attacked by the Moors brothers (Muslim Community) on suspicion that they were tampering with the pepper trade and the homes and synagogues belonging to them were destroyed. The damage was so extensive that when the Portuguese arrived a few years later, only a small amount of impoverished Jews remained. They remained there for 40 more years only to return to their land of Cochin.
3169:
3428:
2882:
3380:
3450:
2710:
3439:
2459:
2721:
2563:. By the turn of the 20th century, most of the families made their way to Cochin and eventually migrated to Israel. In their early days, they maintained trade connections to Europe through the nearby ports of Colachal and Thengaipattinam, and their language skills were useful to the Travancore Kings. As historians Rev. Daniel Tyerman and George Bennett cited, the reason for the Jews selecting Nagercoil as their settlement was the town's salubrious climate and its significant Christian population.
3254:
5903:
3315:
3000:
5913:
3795:
2702:
3346:
who were forced to leave amid war. Jewish refugees in
British India were able to secure jobs in the arts and the service industry while a disproportionately large percentage of the migrants found employment in the medical field. Alongside the adoption of various Indian societal practices and customs, these jobs helped Jewish immigrants create a sense of their unique cultural place and identity as Jews within British India.
3809:
3464:
3124:
3349:
Immigration policy within the
British Empire in the late 1930s and early 1940s often complicated Jewish entry into British India. One requirement of wartime migrants entering British India was for their passports to be "valid for return," where British officials could repatriate refugees if they were
2775:
Central to the history of the Cochin Jews is their close relationship with Indian rulers, and this was eventually codified on a set of copper plates granting the community special privileges. The date of these plates, known as "Sâsanam", is contentious. The plates themselves provide a date of 379 CE,
2582:
in those countries. The community consisted mainly of Jews who had falsely converted to
Christianity but wanted to continue taking advantage of being Portuguese subjects, instead of immigrating to countries where they could practice Judaism openly (e.g. Morocco, Ottoman Empire). They were the primary
3345:
Between 1938 and 1947, roughly 2,000 Jews illegally immigrated from Haslev in
Denmark to India to escape persecution by the Nazi regime. Most of these refugees arrived in India at the start of World War II and consequently were better positioned to find employment and shelter than many European Jews
3063:
Mumbai had a thriving Bene Israel community until the 1950s to 1960s, when many families from the community immigrated to Israel, where they are known as Hodi'im (Indians). The Bene Israel community has risen to many positions of prominence in Israel. In India, the Bene Israel community has shrunk
3047:
They are divided into sub-castes that do not intermarry: the dark-skinned "Kala" and fair-skinned "Gora." The latter are believed to be lineal descendants of the shipwreck survivors, while the former are considered to descend from the concubinage of a male with local women. They were nicknamed the
2780:
by
Bhaskara Ravi Varma, the fourth ruler of Maliban granted the copper plates to the Jews. The plates were inscribed with a message stating that the village of Anjuvannam belonged to the Jews and that they were the rightful lords of Anjuvannam and it should remain theirs and be passed on to their
2685:
European Jewish immigrants to India escaping persecution during World War II account for a small portion of Jewish
Indians today. From 1938 to 1947, about 2,000 Jews fled from Europe and sought asylum in India. Over seventy years later, the descendants of these Jewish migrants have made their own
2751:
There is no specific date or reason mentioned as to why they arrived in India, but Hebrew scholars date it to up to around the early Middle Ages. Cochin is a group of small tropical islands filled with markets and many different cultures such as Dutch, Hindu, Jewish, Portuguese, and
British. The
2937:
De Paiva died in 1687 after a visit to his mines and was buried in the Jewish cemetery he had established in
Peddanaickenpet, which later became north Mint Street. In 1670, the Portuguese population in Madras numbered around 3000. Before his death he established "The Colony of Jewish Traders of
3358:
Since most Jewish refugees spoke German and originated from
Germany or its neighboring countries, British officials and Indian locals often found the migrants indistinguishable from their non-Jewish counterparts. By 1940, many Jewish refugees were suspected of being Nazi sympathizers or agents
3354:
saw the replacement of
Austrian passports with German documents, meaning that Austrian Jews attempting to flee with Austrian passports no longer met British immigration requirements. Still, Jewish aid organizations in India (most prominently the Council for German Jewry and the Jewish Relief
3043:
They were instructed in the rudiments of normative Judaism by Cochin Jews. Their Jewishness is controversial, and initially was not accepted by the Rabbinate in Israel. Since 1964 however they intermarried throughout Israel and are now considered Israeli and Jewish in all respects.
4254:
Voyages and Travels Round the World: By the Rev. Daniel Tyerman and George Bennett, Esq. : Deputed from the London Missionary Society to Visit Their Various Stations in the South Sea Islands, China, India, Madagascar, and South Africa Between the Years 1821 and
3180:
The synagogue in Surat was eventually razed; the cemetery, though in poor condition, can still be seen on the Katargam-Amroli road. One of the graves within is that of Moseh Tobi, buried in 1769, who was described as 'ha-Nasi ha-Zaken' (The Elder Prince) by
5030:
When the Portuguese arrived in 1498, they brought a spirit of intolerance utterly alien to India. They soon established an Office of Inquisition at Goa, and at their hands, Indian Jews experienced the only instance of anti-Semitism ever to occur in Indian
2807:
A link back to Rabban, "the king of Shingly" (another name for Cranganore), was a sign of both purity and prestige. Rabban's descendants maintained this distinct community until a chieftainship dispute broke out between two brothers, one of them named
2938:
Madraspatam" with Antonio do Porto, Pedro Pereira and Fernando Mendes Henriques. This enabled more Portuguese Jews from Livornp, the Caribbean, London and Amsterdam, to settle in Madras. Coral Merchant Street was named after the Jews' business.
2945:. Three - Bartolomeo Rodrigues, Domingo do Porto and Alvaro da Fonseca - also founded the largest trading house in Madras. The large tomb of Rodrigues, who died in Madras in 1692, became a landmark in Peddanaickenpet, but was later destroyed.
2815:
Today it also attracts tourists as a historic site. Cochin synagogue at Ernakulum operates partly as a shop by one of the few remaining Cochin Jews. It is recorded that currently only 26 Jews live in Kerala, located in different parts of
5868:
2965:
2748:. Many of these Jews' ancestors passed on the account that they settled in India when the Hebrew King Solomon was in power. This was a time when teak wood, ivory, spices, monkeys, and peacocks were popular in trade in Cochin.
5878:
2800:, near Cranganore, and rights to seventy-two "free houses". The Hindu king permited in perpetuity (or, in the more poetic expression of those days, "as long as the world and moon exist") for Jews to live freely, build
3418:
There are reminders of Jewish localities in Kerala still left such as synagogues. The majority of Jews from the old British-Indian capital of Calcutta (Kolkata) have also migrated to Israel over the last six decades.
2682:(meaning "Sons of Ephraim" in Hebrew) also claim ancestry from Ephraim, one of the sons of Joseph and a lost tribe of ancient Israel. Also called "Telugu Jews", their observance of modern Judaism dates to 1981.
2403:
are a small religious minority who have lived in the region since ancient times. They were able to survive for centuries despite persecution by Portuguese colonizers and nonnative antisemitic inquisitions.
3035:
rest. They claim that they descend from 14 Jewish men and women, equally divided by gender, who survived the shipwreck of refugees from persecution or political turmoil, and came ashore at Navagaon near
5873:
3403:
since the creation of the modern state in 1948. Over 70,000 Indian Jews now live in Israel (over 1% of Israel's total population). Of the remaining 5,000, the largest community is concentrated in
2442:
peaked at around 20,000 in the mid-1940s, according to some estimates, with others putting the number as high as 50,000, but the community declined rapidly due to emigration to the newly formed
5707:
5069:
2781:
Jewish descendants "so long as the world and moon exist". This is the earliest document that shows that the Jews were living in India permanently. It is stored in Cochins main synagogue.
3157:
and cemetery. They were traders and quickly became one of the most prosperous communities in the city. As philanthropists, some donated their wealth for public building projects. The
2977:
5597:
5592:
2528:
eventually made their way to Madras in the 16th century. They maintained trade connections to Europe, and their language skills were useful. Although the Sephardim mostly spoke
5888:
4198:
2792:, where they traded peacefully until 1524. The Jewish leader Rabban was granted the rank of prince over the Jews of Cochin, given the rulership and tax revenue of a pocket
2671:
who are recent converts to the modern form of Judaism, but claim ancestry reaching back to one of the lost ten tribes of Israel; specifically, one of the sons of Joseph.
1038:
4108:
Weil, Shalva. "From Persecution to Freedom: Central European Jewish Refugees and their Jewish Host Communities in India" in Anil Bhatti and Johannes H. Voigt (eds)
4299:
2951:
In 1688, there were three Jewish representatives in the Madras Corporation. Most Jewish settlers resided in Coral Merchants Street in Muthialpet. They also had a
5300:
5419:
1616:
3149:
in 1730. He and other early immigrants established a synagogue and cemetery in Surat, though most of the city's Jewish community eventually moved to Bombay (
2744:
arrived at Cranganore, an ancient port near Cochin in 562 BCE, and that more Jews came as exiles from Israel in the year 70 CE, after the destruction of the
2594:
Community is said to have arrived at the Konkan Coast in ancient times they are completely mingled in native culture. They believe that their ancestors fled
1271:
966:
4369:
3056:, Mumbai, Panvel, Alibag, Pune, and Ahmedabad with smaller communities scattered around India. The largest synagogue in Asia outside Israel is in Pune, the
4034:
Weil, Shalva. (1991) "Beyond the Sambatyon: the Myth of the Ten Lost Tribes." Tel-Aviv: Beth Hatefutsoth, the Nahum Goldman Museum of the Jewish Diaspora.
1158:
5949:
2366:
4816:
4157:
130:
3052:("Saturday oil-pressers") by the local population as they abstained from work on Saturdays. Bene Israel communities and synagogues are situated in
1153:
5228:
4708:
4396:
Weil, Shalva. "Lost Israelites from North-East India: Re-Traditionalisation and Conversion among the Shinlung from the Indo-Burmese Borderlands."
3329:
Judaism in Delhi is primarily focused on the expatriate community who work in Delhi, as well as Israeli diplomats and a small local community. In
5792:
5079:
3561:
1401:
4734:
2901:, the Caribbean, London, and Amsterdam who were of Portuguese origin and belonged to the Henriques De Castro, Franco, Paiva or Porto families.
4587:
Inc., 2000. pp. 115–130. Weil, Shalva. "Symmetry between Christians and Jews in India: the Cnanite Christians and the Cochin Jews of Kerala."
5837:
2648:
arrived in the city of Surat from Iraq (and other Arab states), Iran and Afghanistan about 250 years ago, in the mid 18th and 19th centuries.
2633:
areas are often incorrectly called Bani Israel Jews. The Jewish community who used to reside in other parts of what became Pakistan (such as
1655:
4899:
4095:
5318:
640:
603:
3027:
wrote to a Dutch trading partner that they were widespread in Maharatta Province, and observed two Jewish observances, recital of the
1579:
5448:
5627:
5147:
Cronin, Joseph (November 2019). "Framing the Refugee Experience: Reflections on German-speaking Jews in British India, 1938–1947".
4790:
4410:
Cronin, Joseph (November 2019). "Framing the Refugee Experience: Reflections on German-speaking Jews in British India, 1938–1947".
4206:
3415:, though the Baghdadi Jews refused to recognize the B'nei Israel as Jews, and withheld dispensing charity to them for that reason.
1602:
2450:
at the end of the British Mandate in 1948. The Indian Jewish community now comprises 4,429 people according to the latest census.
5817:
952:
5942:
5832:
5737:
2359:
1529:
1464:
1346:
5404:
5021:
4858:
4045:
4006:
3732:
3384:
650:
5842:
5544:
3200:
Baghdadi Jewish populations spread beyond Bombay to other parts of India, with an important community forming in Calcutta (
1088:
5787:
5752:
4875:
1356:
1173:
1163:
403:
5117:
4070:
5677:
5672:
5567:
5192:
Weil, Shalva. "Esther David: The Bene Israel Novelist who Grew Up with a Tiger" in David Shulman and Shalva Weil (eds)
4764:
4675:
3862:
1752:
1702:
1667:
1361:
1226:
1093:
4096:"C-01 Appendix: Details of religious community shown under 'Other religions and persuasions' in main table C01 - 2011"
3355:
Association) helped to form policies that benefited Jewish immigrants and regulated how Jews were resettled in India.
5935:
5797:
5772:
5687:
5667:
5617:
5587:
5577:
5206:
4984:
4659:
4542:
4309:
3953:
3925:
3867:
3232:
2352:
1444:
1406:
1381:
1301:
1286:
1133:
1073:
1028:
3677:, paediatrician, founder and director of Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi; pioneer in polio vaccination
5883:
5762:
5757:
5637:
5282:
4331:
3877:
2772:, although the Jewish community in Mattancherry adjacent to Fort Cochin had only six remaining members as of 2015.
1737:
1719:
1625:
1519:
1371:
1366:
1291:
1256:
1123:
5167:
5827:
5777:
5732:
5712:
5702:
5602:
3872:
3173:
3087:
2255:
2154:
1709:
1692:
1645:
1544:
1454:
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1341:
1321:
1316:
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1210:
1185:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1023:
1018:
6181:
5802:
5717:
5697:
5582:
5572:
4454:
3201:
3194:
3118:
2885:
A plan of Fort St George and the city of Madras in 1726, shows the "Jews Burying Place" (marked as "b."), the "
1728:
1714:
1682:
1662:
1630:
1574:
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1524:
1504:
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1514:
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6140:
5993:
5807:
5767:
5742:
5722:
5657:
5622:
5607:
3295:
whose recorded observance of Judaism, like that of the Bnei Menashe, is quite recent, dating only to 1991.
1757:
1677:
1640:
1564:
1509:
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394:
389:
5255:
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5727:
5692:
5647:
5642:
5511:
5434:
Weil, S. 2020b. ‘Les Bene Israel’; ‘Paradesis et Malabaris: les Juifs de Cochin’. In: Edith Bruder (ed.)
5414: (second edition), New York and London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 186–205.
2971:
Rabbi Salomon Halevi (last Rabbi of Madras Synagogue) and his wife Rebecca Cohen, Paradesi Jews of Madras
2493:
1747:
1742:
1697:
1650:
1336:
1306:
1266:
1261:
1118:
424:
5420:
The Baghdadi Jews in India: Maintaining Communities, Negotiating Identities and Creating Super-Diversity
4493:
3700:(1694–1771), chief Jewish merchant of the Dutch East India Company in Cochin (Kochi) for almost 50 years
3337:
has set up a synagogue and religious center in a backpacker area regularly visited by Israeli tourists.
2407:
The better-established ancient Jewish communities have assimilated many of the local traditions through
6150:
3709:
3306:, like wearing long beards men and using head coverings (men) and hair coverings (women) all the time.
2221:
2066:
1774:
1168:
364:
354:
90:
4676:"The last family of Pardesi Jews in Madras « Madras Musings | We Care for Madras that is Chennai"
2911:
of Amsterdam, was an early Jewish arrival and the leader of the Madras Jewish community. He built the
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3427:
2881:
2335:
2028:
1879:
1820:
711:
5499:
5493:
5484:
4742:
6048:
5559:
5537:
5505:
3579:, former Chief of Staff of the Indian Army's Eastern Command, and former Governor of Punjab and Goa
2785:
2038:
2018:
1128:
608:
149:
5301:
Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, "Jewish-Muslim Relations in South Asia: Where Antipathy lives without Jews"
4259:
4234:
2602:
and arrived on Indian soil after seven people survived a shipwreck near the Nagaon village on the
2466:
In addition to Jewish expatriates and recent immigrants, there are seven Jewish groups in India.
2411:. While some Indian Jews have stated that their ancestors arrived during the time of the Biblical
6086:
5985:
5390:
3852:
3728:
3656:
3475:
3453:
3442:
2956:
2916:
2886:
2567:
2179:
2169:
2134:
2013:
2003:
1786:
957:
899:
733:
412:
369:
84:
5330:
5312:
5294:
5276:
2485:'s merchants. The fair-complexioned component is of European-Jewish descent, both Ashkenazi and
6053:
5360:
4903:
3703:
3508:
3484:
2931:
2462:
Map of Jewish communities in India. Greyed out labels indicate ancient or premodern communities
2447:
2298:
2033:
1947:
1013:
565:
184:
154:
4848:
3996:
3261:
The Bnei Menashe are a group of more than 9,000 people from the northeastern Indian states of
3145:
The first known Baghdadi Jewish immigrant to India, Joseph Semah, arrived in the port city of
6043:
5011:
4952:
4937:
4600:
3857:
3755:
3640:
3407:, where 3,500 have remained from the 30,000 Jews registered there in the 1940s, divided into
3368:
3270:
3182:
3162:
3067:
Unlike many parts of the world, Jews have historically lived in India with relatively little
2189:
2184:
2129:
1917:
832:
560:
547:
442:
159:
5346:
5336:
5319:
Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, "The Attitudes of Lucknow's Muslims towards Jews, Israel and Zionism"
3379:
2714:
6031:
3771:
3618:
3518:
3318:
3057:
2926:
De Paiva established good relations with those in power and bought several mines to source
2920:
2864:
2809:
2552:
2260:
2212:
1952:
1810:
623:
488:
477:
435:
5379:, Katz N., Chakravarti, R., Sinha, B. M. and Weil, S., New York and Basingstoke, England:
2532:(i.e. Spanish or Judeo-Spanish), in India they learned Tamil and Judeo-Malayalam from the
8:
6135:
6096:
6036:
6018:
5857:
5530:
5488:
4966:
Weil, Shalva. "Religious Leadership vs. Secular Authority: the Case of the Bene Israel."
3715:
3514:
3374:
2769:
2599:
2587:. As a result, its members fled to parts of India that were not under Portuguese control.
2544:
2392:
2313:
2008:
686:
553:
456:
449:
379:
267:
142:
4252:
4228:
3273:, the tribe of Menasseh. About 7,000 of the Bnei Menashe immigrated to Israel in 2011.
6070:
5980:
5380:
5094:
5074:
3767:
3573:
3526:
3123:
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2757:
2725:
2614:
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2164:
2114:
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1970:
1840:
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937:
696:
616:
470:
36:
5975:
5958:
5912:
5400:
5326:
5308:
5290:
5283:
Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, "Absence of Jewish Studies in India: Creating A New Awareness"
5272:
5017:
4954:
From India to Israel: Identity, Immigration, and the Struggle for Religious Equality,
4854:
4655:
4538:
4450:
4305:
4002:
3949:
3921:
3674:
3634:
3496:
3479:
3457:
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2428:
2308:
2250:
2230:
2047:
1607:
1246:
706:
577:
507:
384:
297:
164:
5410:
Weil, S. 2018a 'Indian Judaic Traditions'. In: Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby (eds)
4428:
Weil, Shalva. "Cochin Jews", in Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember and Ian Skoggard (eds)
4329:'Genetics, History and identity: The case of the Bene Israel and the Lemba Culture,'
3449:
6008:
5998:
5967:
5013:
Who are the Jews of India? - The S. Mark Taper Foundation imprint in Jewish studies
4135:
3612:
3522:
3490:
3303:
3127:
2948:
Samuel de Castro came to Madras from Curaçao and Salomon Franco came from Leghorn.
2912:
2904:
2575:
2412:
2396:
2278:
2159:
2119:
2083:
1781:
1331:
842:
598:
502:
417:
307:
99:
4345:
3499:(b. 1951), lecturer at Harvard Law School and Harvard Kennedy School of Government
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3600:
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3288:
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2584:
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2521:
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2384:
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2174:
2096:
2090:
2023:
1975:
1815:
1796:
947:
676:
588:
571:
115:
5264:
3998:
The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765
3981:
Weil, Shalva. "Indian Judaic Tradition" in Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby (eds)
6026:
3800:
3776:
3697:
3668:
3588:
3567:
3299:
3292:
3224:
3213:
3024:
3004:
2852:
2841:
2789:
2737:
2720:
2641:) also fled to India in 1947, similarly to the larger Karachi Jewish community.
2617:
in 1947, when they fled to India (in particular, to Mumbai). Many of them also
2571:
2529:
2525:
2340:
2139:
1994:
1874:
1853:
1830:
1825:
1803:
1791:
1386:
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801:
766:
744:
681:
519:
497:
359:
338:
314:
80:
62:
5522:
5377:
Indo-Judaic Studies in the Twenty-First Century: A Perspective from the Margin
5214:
4791:"THE PORTUGUESE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF MADRAS, INDIA, IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY"
4624:
Weil, Shalva. "Where are Cochin Jews today? The Synagogues of Kerala, India."
4277:
4230:
Researches and missionary labours among the Jews, Mohammedans, and other sects
2458:
6175:
5906:
4584:
4324:
3847:
3761:
3688:
3680:
3622:
3594:
3564:- Bene Israeli content creator bridging cultural gap between India and Israel
3555:
3438:
3412:
3387:
shows 22,000 Jews, of which approximately three quarters were located in the
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3114:
3068:
2876:
2777:
2761:
2745:
2645:
2497:
2486:
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2439:
2424:
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1416:
942:
791:
786:
781:
771:
749:
701:
463:
302:
207:
169:
120:
5265:
Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, "Community and Belonging in Indian Jewish Literature"
4328:
5927:
5168:"For India's Largest Jewish Community, One Muslim Makes All the Tombstones"
4579:
taken from WP article on Rabban, which appears to rely on Ken Blady's book
3842:
3827:
3822:
3814:
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3725:
3662:
3606:
3549:
3537:
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2793:
2729:
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1985:
1980:
1938:
1891:
985:
852:
837:
796:
761:
374:
216:
19:
5044:
3269:
who practice a form of biblical Judaism and claim descent from one of the
3253:
2851:
District, the Malabar Jews have a Synagogue and a cemetery, as well as in
2481:, they claim to have first arrived in India together with the Hebrew King
5916:
5370:
5229:"Anish Kapoor on Wagner: 'He was antisemitic and I'm Jewish. Who cares?'"
5095:"View of Telugu Jews: Are the Dalits of coastal Andhra going caste-awry?"
4301:
Contra Iudaeos: Ancient and Medieval Polemics Between Christians and Jews
3832:
3719:
3684:
3644:
3582:
3576:
3543:
3531:
3408:
3020:
2994:
2832:. John Jacob is one of Kerala's most senior Jews, who currently lives in
2696:
2660:
2656:
2610:
2591:
2579:
2540:
2478:
2471:
2303:
2245:
1910:
816:
811:
806:
776:
5466:
2897:
soon after its founding in 1640. Most of them were coral merchants from
18:"Hodi" redirects here. For the Serbian rock group Van Gogh's album, see
6111:
6106:
4647:
3650:
3431:
3314:
3228:
3053:
2837:
2829:
2801:
2797:
2753:
1961:
975:
904:
862:
691:
671:
230:
137:
57:
2999:
2559:. Most of them were merchants and had also settled around the town of
6101:
6003:
4821:
4735:"18th century Jewish cemetery lies in shambles, craves for attention"
4162:
3837:
3351:
3330:
3154:
3131:
2860:
2765:
2713:"Malabarese Jews", as depicted by the Portuguese in the 16th century
2548:
2513:
2420:
2400:
2124:
2109:
1199:
1147:
909:
857:
847:
528:
524:
514:
429:
189:
4136:"Foreword - The Last Jews of Cochin: Jewish Identity in Hindu India"
4021:
Weil, Shalva. "Bene Israel Rites and Routines" in Shalva Weil (ed.)
3212:), and in later years contributed officers to the army. One, Lt-Gen
877:
6116:
4098:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
3918:
Jewish Heritage of the Deccan: Mumbai, the Northern Konkan and Pune
3540:(b. March 17, 1945), Jewish-Indian author, an artist and a sculptor
3076:
2848:
2833:
2825:
2638:
2509:
2293:
1903:
1835:
666:
174:
125:
3758:, philanthropist and benefactor of greater Indian Jewish community
5347:
Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, "Hindi Novel Portrays Life of Indian Jews"
4468:
4466:
3266:
3262:
3032:
2983:
Mr. Cohen, his German wife, and children, Paradesi Jews of Madras
2898:
2894:
2736:
The oldest of the Indian Jewish communities was in the erstwhile
2701:
2668:
2664:
2508:
during the 16th century. They were diamond businesspeople and of
2482:
2388:
2269:
2235:
2104:
1898:
887:
882:
754:
645:
540:
536:
532:
281:
276:
253:
235:
110:
105:
95:
73:
48:
5454:
5337:
Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, "History of India's Jewish Beauty Queens"
4613:
Roots of Dalit history, Christianity, theology, and spirituality
3463:
26:
5115:
4989:
3780:
3692:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3334:
3150:
3135:
3096:
3037:
3008:
2821:
2817:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2603:
2517:
2505:
2443:
1929:
1924:
1884:
1869:
980:
872:
292:
258:
244:
179:
4463:
5472:
5460:
4112:, New Delhi: Manohar and Max Mueller Bhavan, 1999. pp. 64-84.
3146:
3139:
3072:
3028:
2856:
2741:
2622:
2595:
892:
321:
225:
194:
4556:
4554:
3204:). Scions of this community did well in trade (particularly
5357:
India's Bene Israel: A Comprehensive Inquiry and Sourcebook
3948:
by Orpa Slapak. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. 2003. p. 27.
3712:, rabbi and founder of Chhinlung Israel People's Convention
3322:
3216:
3205:
3092:
2941:
Three Portuguese Jews were nominated to be aldermen of the
44:
3302:
who follow Judaism. Many among them follow the customs of
2930:. Through his efforts, Jews were permitted to live within
25:. For the indigenous people in the Venezuelan Amazon, see
4551:
4497:
4071:"Netanyahu trip highlights India's tiny Jewish community"
4025:, Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2009. ; 3Arts, 54(2): 26–37.
3220:
3209:
3040:, 20 miles south of Mumbai, some 17 to 19 centuries ago.
5517:
5196:, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2008. pp. 232-253.
3064:
considerably with many of the old synagogues in disuse.
2919:
in Peddanaickenpet, which later became the south end of
2391:
was one of the first foreign religions to arrive in the
4902:. International Jewish Cemetery Project. Archived from
4370:"Here is everything you need to know about Indian Jews"
4181:
3558:- Bene Israel model, chosen as Miss India World in 1959
2867:, although not serving their original purpose anymore.
2686:
Jewish-Indian mixed community and culture within India.
4279:
Jews & New Christians in Portuguese Asia 1500-1700
4125:, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. pp. 107.
2776:
but in 1925, the tradition was setting it as 1069 CE,
4432:, New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. pp. 78-80.
2889:", Four Brothers Garden and Bartolomeo Rodrigues Tomb
2705:
The Arrival of the Jewish pilgrims at Cochin, A.D. 68
5070:"More than 7,200 Indian Jews to immigrate to Israel"
5016:. University of California Press. 2000. p. 26.
4788:
4449:. Rockville, MD: Schreiber Publishing. p. 125.
4121:
Weil, Shalva. "Cochin Jews", in Judith Baskin (ed.)
3970:
India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art, and Life-Cycle
3790:
1908:
1889:
312:
5438:
Paris: Albin Michel, pp. 245–251 & 252-257
5118:"Kulanu: The Bene Ephraim of Andhra Pradesh, India"
4023:
India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle
3687:was given copper plates of special grants from the
3653:, Bollywood actress of the 1920s known as Sulochana
5367:Indian Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle
4123:Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture
2804:, and own property "without conditions attached".
2427:Jews contend that they descend from the Israelite
5451:Encyclopedia of India article in Encyclopedia.com
5093:Egorova, Yulia; Perwez, Shahid (30 August 2012).
4654:. East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd. p. 125.
4275:
3985:, London: Palgrave Publishers, 2006. pp. 169–183.
3422:
6173:
4187:Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973.
4046:"The surprising landscape of Indian Jewish food"
3764:, Baghdadi Indian Jewish author based in Kolkata
5552:
3945:The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities
2423:who arrived in India earlier. Still some other
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4537:. University of California Press. p. 33.
4440:
4438:
3091:Jews in Mumbai break the Yom Kippur fast with
5943:
5538:
5387:Karmic Passages: Israeli Scholarship on India
5373:(ed). Mumbai: Marg Publications, 3rd ed. 2009
5194:Karmic Passages: Israeli Scholarship on India
5092:
4873:
4762:
4297:
4199:"Arapalli - The Temple that St. Thomas Built"
3939:
3937:
3920:. Mumbai: Deccan Heritage Foundation; Jaico.
3916:Sohoni, Pushkar; Robbins, Kenneth X. (2017).
3915:
3896:A synagogue once also existed at Mint Street.
2740:. The traditional account is that traders of
2360:
5957:
4808:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
5149:German Historical Institute London Bulletin
5042:
4765:"The last family of Pardesi Jews in Madras"
4631:
4435:
4412:German Historical Institute London Bulletin
4298:Limor, Ora; Stroumsa, Guy G. (1996-01-01).
3165:are famous landmarks still standing today.
604:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
5950:
5936:
5545:
5531:
5518:Information on synagogues in Kerala, India
5315:), Issue 15, October 2014, pp. 13–16.
5159:
4942:California University Press, 2000 pp.91ff.
4874:Parthasarathy, Anusha (3 September 2013).
4155:
3934:
2655:meaning "Sons of Manassah" in Hebrew, are
2367:
2353:
4693:
4444:
4430:Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement
4068:
3770:, Indian cricket, silver medalist at the
3570:, poet, playwright, editor and art-critic
2453:
5412:Religions in South Asia: an Introduction
5166:Benim, Rachel Delia (22 February 2015).
5116:Yulia Egorova and Shahid Perwez (2011).
4978:
4976:
4732:
4603:(p. 59, p. 60) by Israel Joseph Benjamin
3625:, butterfly expert based in Navi Mumbai.
3534:, Israeli author of Cochin Jewish origin
3462:
3448:
3437:
3426:
3378:
3325:is the largest active synagogue in India
3313:
3252:
3167:
3122:
3086:
2998:
2880:
2719:
2708:
2700:
2457:
5463:, Bnei Menashe Jews of North East India
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4846:
4814:
4763:Parthasarathy, N.S. (9 February 2018).
4706:
4646:
4491:
4250:
3994:
3487:, Indian actress born as 'Erin Daniels'
3395:The majority of Indian Jews have "made
3227:, and later served as administrator of
3075:. However, Jews were persecuted by the
2613:community resided in Karachi until the
6174:
5457:Comprehensive website of Jews in India
5389:, Shulman, D. and Weil, S. New Delhi:
5260:, Issue 12: Indian Jewry, January 2015
5146:
4957:McGill-Queen's Press 2014 pp.98ff.108.
4733:Sundaram, Krithika (31 October 2012).
4494:"The last six Paradesi Jews of Cochin"
4409:
3287:The Bene Ephraim are a small group of
3071:from the local majority populace, the
5931:
5526:
5399:, Edna Fernandes, Portobello Books, (
5165:
4982:
4973:
4628:, Friends of Kerala Synagogues. 2011.
4392:
4390:
4364:
4362:
4226:
4138:. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
3340:
2959:in the neighbouring Peddanaickenpet.
2752:distinct Jewish community was called
5078:. September 27, 2011. Archived from
4917:
4892:
4530:
4492:Pinsker, Alyssa (October 22, 2015).
4069:Hutchison, Peter (14 January 2018).
3964:
3962:
3740:, dancer, choreographer, and actress
3733:Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet
2863:. There are at least seven existing
2574:from Spain and Portugal who fled to
5359:Isenberg, Shirley Berry; Berkeley:
4789:Editora-eSefarad.com (2010-04-11).
4615:(p. 28) by James Massey, I.S.P.C.K.
4581:Jewish Communities in Exotic Places
3972:. Mumbai: Marg Publications . 2009.
3546:(b. 1979), British-Canadian actress
2732:is an active 16th century synagogue
2555:in 52 CE along with the arrival of
2516:heritage. Following expulsion from
13:
5249:
4387:
4359:
4196:
3863:History of the Jews in Afghanistan
3691:ruler Bhaskara Ravivarman II from
2431:, and they are referred to as the
14:
6193:
5512:India Virtual Jewish History Tour
5442:
4815:Muthiah, S. (30 September 2002).
4601:Three years in America, 1859–1862
4589:Contributions to Indian Sociology
4560:
4472:
4251:Tyerman, Daniel (July 28, 1841).
4156:S. Muthiah (September 30, 2002).
4043:
3959:
3868:History of the Jews in Tajikistan
3233:Pramila (Esther Victoria Abraham)
2470:Among the many theories noted by
395:Historical population comparisons
5911:
5902:
5901:
4707:Muthiah, S. (3 September 2007).
4475:"Jews of India- The Cochin Jews"
4447:The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia
4343:
4332:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
4276:LibraryOfCongress (2013-12-06),
3878:History of the Jews in Sri Lanka
3807:
3793:
3187:A History of the Jews in Baghdad
3153:), where they established a new
3108:
2976:
2964:
2768:who were expelled from Spain in
2415:, others claim descent from the
1039:Democratic Republic of the Congo
953:Historical population by country
5424:London and New York: Routledge.
5297:), Autumn 2010, pp. 31–34.
5221:
5199:
5186:
5140:
5109:
5086:
5062:
5036:
5004:
4983:Weiss, Gary (August 13, 2007).
4960:
4945:
4867:
4840:
4817:"Will Chennai's Jews be there?"
4782:
4756:
4726:
4709:"The Portuguese Jews of Madras"
4668:
4618:
4606:
4594:
4573:
4524:
4511:
4485:
4422:
4403:
4337:
4318:
4291:
4269:
4244:
4227:Wolff, Joseph (July 28, 1835).
4220:
4190:
4158:"Will Chennai's Jews be there?"
4149:
4128:
4115:
4110:Jewish Exile in India 1933-1945
4102:
4088:
3890:
3873:History of the Jews in Pakistan
3478:, also known as Pramila, first
3276:
3242:
3189:(Simon Wallenburg Press, 2006,
3023:go back at least to 1768, when
5869:British Indian Ocean Territory
4346:"Bene Israel of Mumbai, India"
4262:– via Internet Archive.
4237:– via Internet Archive.
4062:
4037:
4028:
4015:
3995:Saraiva, António José (2001).
3988:
3975:
3909:
3731:, Indian Navy Admiral, former
3659:(1932–2006), Bollywood actress
3423:Notable Jews of Indian descent
3309:
3119:History of the Jews in Kolkata
2988:
2870:
2690:
2590:The Main branch of the Native
2578:after the commencement of the
2547:were Arab Jews who arrived at
1:
5481:, Indian synagogues in Israel
4334:vol.29 pp193–224, 2005 p.206.
3903:
3779:, Jewish community leader in
3744:Albert Abdullah David Sassoon
3493:(b. 1947), Israeli politician
3352:annexation of Austria in 1938
3104:History of the Jews in Mumbai
3079:during their control of Goa.
2909:Amsterdam Sephardic community
2598:during the persecution under
610:Christianity and Judaism
6161:Ministry of Minority Affairs
5256:Aafreedi, Navras Jaat, ed.,
4445:Schreiber, Mordecai (2003).
3683:, the first Israeli king of
3511:(1908–1982), Bollywood actor
3505:(1955–2020), Bollywood actor
3385:1921 Census of British India
3298:There are a few families in
3176:of Kolkata was built in 1884
2381:history of the Jews in India
7:
5553:History of the Jews in Asia
4939:Who Are the Jews of India?,
4876:"Lustre dims, legacy stays"
4563:"Jews of India-Cochin Jews"
3786:
3219:, became state governor of
2494:Spanish and Portuguese Jews
1909:
1890:
1617:Latin America and Caribbean
313:
10:
6198:
5333:), Issue 7, April 15, 2014
4970:, 1996. 49(3- 4): 301-316.
4534:Who are the Jews of India?
3372:
3366:
3291:-speaking Jews in eastern
3280:
3246:
3112:
3101:
2992:
2874:
2694:
2222:Jewish political movements
1919:Conversion to Judaism
17:
6128:
6079:
6017:
5966:
5897:
5856:
5816:
5558:
5431:, New Delhi: Primus Books
3746:, British Indian merchant
3722:Indian nationalist leader
3082:
2758:synagogue in Mattancherry
2438:The Jewish population in
625:Hinduism and Judaism
5618:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5514:- Jewish Virtual Library
3883:
3521:(1993–2003) and wife of
3362:
3130:, a 150-year-old Jewish
2786:Kodungallur (Cranganore)
2756:. The still-functioning
451:Temple in Jerusalem
144:Bar and bat mitzvah
5879:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5397:The Last Jews of Kerala
5391:Oxford University Press
4591:, 1982. 16(2): 175-196.
3983:Religions in South Asia
3853:Sephardic Jews in India
3729:Benjamin Abraham Samson
3615:(b. 1985), Indian actor
3476:Esther Victoria Abraham
3350:deemed burdensome. The
3019:Foreign notices of the
2957:Jewish Cemetery Chennai
2917:Jewish Cemetery Chennai
2887:Jewish Cemetery Chennai
413:Twelve Tribes of Israel
5361:Judah L. Magnes Museum
5045:"Bnei Menashe History"
4968:Eastern Anthropologist
4739:The New Indian Express
4400:, 2004. 6(3): 219-233.
3704:David and Simon Reuben
3509:David Abraham Cheulkar
3471:
3460:
3446:
3435:
3392:
3326:
3258:
3235:became the first ever
3177:
3142:
3099:
3016:
3007:Bene Israel family in
2907:, originally from the
2890:
2733:
2717:
2706:
2609:Another branch of the
2463:
2454:Jewish groups in India
2448:Partition of Palestine
6182:Jewish Indian history
5508:- Jewish Encyclopedia
5502:- Jewish Encyclopedia
5496:- Jewish Encyclopedia
5427:Weil, S. 2020a (ed.)
4680:www.madrasmusings.com
4531:Katz, Nathan (2000).
4258:. John Snow. p.
4233:. J. Nisbet. p.
3858:Christianity in India
3756:Sassoon David Sassoon
3671:, theatre personality
3641:Ezekiel Isaac Malekar
3637:, Indian film actress
3585:, artist and designer
3552:(1912–1989) zoologist
3466:
3456:, actress and former
3452:
3441:
3430:
3382:
3369:Indian Jews in Israel
3317:
3271:Lost Tribes of Israel
3256:
3183:David Solomon Sassoon
3174:Magen David Synagogue
3171:
3163:David Sassoon Library
3126:
3090:
3002:
2893:Jews also settled in
2884:
2764:, the descendants of
2723:
2712:
2704:
2678:-speaking group, the
2674:Similarly, the small
2461:
1159:São Tomé and Príncipe
1154:Republic of the Congo
548:Second Temple Judaism
419:Kingdom of Judah
390:Modern historiography
5793:United Arab Emirates
5417:Weil, S. 2019 (ed.)
5217:on February 8, 2009.
4847:Muthiah, S. (2014).
3772:2009 Maccabiah Games
3619:Isaac David Kehimkar
3519:First Lady of Cyprus
3319:Ohel David Synagogue
3257:Flag of Bnei Menashe
3058:Ohel David Synagogue
2895:Madras (now Chennai)
2865:synagogues in Kerala
2784:The Jews settled in
2621:. The Jews from the
2553:Kanyakumari District
2539:Nagercoil Jews: The
2524:, a few families of
2474:as to the origin of
2261:World Agudath Israel
1402:United Arab Emirates
489:Second Temple period
479:Babylonian captivity
6141:Freedom of religion
6136:Secularism in India
5820:limited recognition
5489:Jewish Encyclopedia
4850:Madras Rediscovered
4652:Madras Rediscovered
4583:. Northvale, N.J.:
3716:Abraham Barak Salem
3525:, president of the
3515:Lila Irene Clerides
3375:Synagogues in India
3359:passing as Jewish.
3031:and observation of
2600:Antiochus Epiphanes
2393:Indian subcontinent
554:Hellenistic Judaism
132:Land of Israel
91:Principles of faith
6156:Religious thinkers
6146:Religious violence
6129:Policy and history
5455:TheJewsOfIndia.com
5436:Juifs d’aillleurs,
5381:Palgrave Macmillan
5155:– via JSTOR.
5082:on March 17, 2012.
5075:The Times of India
4418:– via JSTOR.
4398:The Anthropologist
4374:The Indian Express
4344:Weil, Dr. Shalva.
4044:Kashi, Anita Rao.
3768:Bensiyon Songavkar
3574:Lieutenant General
3527:Republic of Cyprus
3472:
3461:
3447:
3436:
3393:
3341:Holocaust Refugees
3327:
3259:
3223:(1998–1999), then
3178:
3143:
3100:
3017:
2943:Madras Corporation
2891:
2734:
2726:Paradesi Synagogue
2718:
2715:Códice Casanatense
2707:
2615:Partition of India
2464:
2419:of the pre-Judaic
2409:cultural diffusion
2115:Jewish Koine Greek
1657:Dominican Republic
938:Judaism by country
617:Jews and Christmas
472:Assyrian captivity
6169:
6168:
6151:Religious harmony
5959:Religion in India
5925:
5924:
5862:other territories
5405:978-1-84627-099-4
5305:Asian Jewish Life
5287:Asian Jewish Life
5043:Stephen Epstein.
5023:978-0-520-21323-4
4900:"Chennai - India"
4860:978-9-38572-477-0
4682:. 9 February 2018
4327:, Yulia Egorova,
4170:on March 12, 2003
4008:978-90-04-12080-8
3710:Lalchanhima Sailo
3675:Sheila Singh Paul
3597:, philanthropists
3497:Jacqueline Bhabha
3389:Bombay Presidency
3013:Bombay Presidency
2928:Golconda diamonds
2492:Madras Jews: The
2429:Tribe of Manasseh
2377:
2376:
2326:
2325:
2074:
2073:
1821:Reconstructionist
1765:
1764:
917:
916:
724:
723:
561:Jewish–Roman wars
509:Hasmonean dynasty
425:Kingdom of Israel
329:
328:
6189:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5929:
5928:
5915:
5905:
5904:
5874:Christmas Island
5560:Sovereign states
5547:
5540:
5533:
5524:
5523:
5351:Yedioth Ahronoth
5343:, August 3, 2013
5341:Yedioth Ahronoth
5269:Himal Southasian
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5213:. Archived from
5203:
5197:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5128:on June 18, 2016
5124:. Archived from
5113:
5107:
5106:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5040:
5034:
5027:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4980:
4971:
4964:
4958:
4949:
4943:
4934:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:on 12 March 2003
4825:. Archived from
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4741:. Archived from
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4704:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4644:
4629:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4561:Meyer, Raphael.
4558:
4549:
4548:
4528:
4522:
4519:Indian Antiquary
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4473:Meyer, Raphael.
4470:
4461:
4460:
4442:
4433:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4407:
4401:
4394:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4341:
4335:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4304:. Mohr Siebeck.
4295:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4205:. Archived from
4194:
4188:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4166:. Archived from
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4132:
4126:
4119:
4113:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3992:
3986:
3979:
3973:
3966:
3957:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3913:
3897:
3894:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3613:Aditya Roy Kapur
3603:, philanthropist
3591:, philanthropist
3523:Glafcos Clerides
3491:Eli Ben-Menachem
3399:" (migrated) to
3128:Knesset Eliyahoo
2980:
2968:
2913:Madras Synagogue
2905:Jacques de Paiva
2545:Musta'arabi Jews
2413:Kingdom of Judah
2397:recorded history
2369:
2362:
2355:
2218:
2217:
2099:
1920:
1914:
1895:
1859:
1858:
1806:
1753:New Zealand
1705:
1668:El Salvador
1658:
1590:Northern America
1582:
1176:
932:
931:
843:Crimean Karaites
739:
738:
717:
715:
636:
634:
626:
620:
611:
599:Rabbinic Judaism
580:
574:
568:
556:
544:
510:
503:Maccabean Revolt
480:
473:
467:
459:
452:
446:
438:
420:
344:
343:
318:
213:
212:
145:
133:
32:
31:
6197:
6196:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6124:
6075:
6013:
5962:
5956:
5926:
5921:
5893:
5861:
5852:
5833:Northern Cyprus
5819:
5812:
5554:
5551:
5473:Jewsofindia.org
5461:Bneimenashe.com
5445:
5429:The Jews of Goa
5252:
5250:Further reading
5247:
5238:
5236:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5211:estherdavid.com
5205:
5204:
5200:
5191:
5187:
5177:
5175:
5172:Tablet Magazine
5164:
5160:
5145:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5114:
5110:
5091:
5087:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5053:
5051:
5049:Bneimenashe.com
5041:
5037:
5024:
5010:
5009:
5005:
4995:
4993:
4981:
4974:
4965:
4961:
4950:
4946:
4935:
4918:
4909:
4907:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4884:
4882:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4845:
4841:
4832:
4830:
4813:
4809:
4800:
4798:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4761:
4757:
4748:
4746:
4745:on June 9, 2016
4731:
4727:
4717:
4715:
4705:
4694:
4685:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4645:
4632:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4578:
4574:
4567:The-south-asian
4559:
4552:
4545:
4529:
4525:
4516:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4490:
4486:
4479:The-south-asian
4471:
4464:
4457:
4443:
4436:
4427:
4423:
4408:
4404:
4395:
4388:
4379:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4296:
4292:
4284:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4264:nagercoil jews.
4249:
4245:
4239:nagercoil jews.
4225:
4221:
4212:
4210:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4173:
4171:
4154:
4150:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4120:
4116:
4107:
4103:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4075:Times of Israel
4067:
4063:
4054:
4052:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4020:
4016:
4009:
3993:
3989:
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3900:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3629:Samson Kehimkar
3601:Horace Kadoorie
3503:Ranjit Chaudhry
3425:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3343:
3312:
3285:
3279:
3251:
3245:
3121:
3113:Main articles:
3111:
3106:
3085:
3003:A photo of the
2997:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2972:
2969:
2932:Fort St. George
2879:
2873:
2760:belongs to the
2699:
2693:
2619:moved to Israel
2585:Goa Inquisition
2583:targets of the
2561:Thiruvithamcode
2522:Alhambra Decree
2520:in 1492 by the
2456:
2417:Ten Lost Tribes
2373:
2328:
2327:
2215:
2205:
2204:
2195:Judeo-Malayalam
2175:Judaeo-Georgian
2095:
2086:
2076:
2075:
1976:Yiddish theatre
1918:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1804:
1777:
1767:
1766:
1703:
1656:
1580:
1174:
958:Genetic studies
929:
919:
918:
736:
726:
725:
713:
712:
632:
631:
624:
614:
609:
591:and Middle Ages
589:Rabbinic period
576:
570:
563:
551:
522:
508:
478:
471:
462:
454:
450:
441:
436:in Judaism
433:
418:
341:
331:
330:
210:
200:
199:
143:
131:
76:
30:
12:
11:
5:
6195:
6185:
6184:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6087:Zoroastrianism
6083:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6057:
6056:
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5562:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5444:
5443:External links
5441:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5415:
5408:
5394:
5384:
5374:
5364:
5354:
5353:, May 23, 2013
5344:
5334:
5323:Café Dissensus
5316:
5298:
5280:
5262:
5258:Café Dissensus
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5220:
5207:"Reuben David"
5198:
5185:
5158:
5139:
5108:
5099:South Asianist
5085:
5061:
5035:
5022:
5003:
4985:"India's Jews"
4972:
4959:
4944:
4916:
4891:
4866:
4859:
4839:
4807:
4781:
4769:Madras Musings
4755:
4725:
4692:
4667:
4660:
4630:
4617:
4605:
4593:
4572:
4550:
4543:
4523:
4521:, iii. 333–334
4510:
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4462:
4455:
4434:
4421:
4402:
4386:
4358:
4336:
4317:
4310:
4290:
4268:
4243:
4219:
4203:www.cafekk.com
4197:CafeKK, Team.
4189:
4180:
4148:
4127:
4114:
4101:
4087:
4061:
4036:
4027:
4014:
4007:
3987:
3974:
3968:Weil, Shalva.
3958:
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3818:
3804:
3801:Judaism portal
3788:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3777:Solomon Sopher
3774:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3723:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3698:Ezekiel Rahabi
3695:
3678:
3672:
3669:Pearl Padamsee
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3589:Ellis Kadoorie
3586:
3580:
3571:
3568:Nissim Ezekiel
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3424:
3421:
3367:Main article:
3364:
3361:
3342:
3339:
3311:
3308:
3300:Andhra Pradesh
3293:Andhra Pradesh
3281:Main article:
3278:
3275:
3247:Main article:
3244:
3241:
3214:J. F. R. Jacob
3110:
3107:
3102:Main article:
3084:
3081:
3025:Rahabi Ezekiel
2993:Main article:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2963:
2875:Main article:
2872:
2869:
2853:Chennamangalam
2842:Pathanamthitta
2790:Malabar region
2738:Cochin Kingdom
2695:Main article:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2672:
2649:
2642:
2607:
2588:
2572:Sephardic Jews
2564:
2537:
2534:Malabar Jewish
2526:Sephardic Jews
2490:
2455:
2452:
2383:dates back to
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2349:
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2256:Territorialism
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2140:Judaeo-Spanish
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2135:Judaeo-Iranian
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1581:United Kingdom
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967:Land of Israel
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825:Related groups
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682:Jewish atheism
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633:Islamic–Jewish
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6054:Protestantism
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5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5859:
5855:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5843:South Ossetia
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5548:
5543:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5506:Calcutta Jews
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5475:Jews of India
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5449:Jews Of India
5447:
5446:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5195:
5189:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5112:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5050:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5007:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4979:
4977:
4969:
4963:
4956:
4955:
4951:Joseph Hodes,
4948:
4941:
4940:
4936:Nathan Katz,
4933:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4906:on 2012-03-01
4905:
4901:
4895:
4881:
4877:
4870:
4862:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4843:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4811:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4770:
4766:
4759:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4663:
4661:81-88661-24-4
4657:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4627:
4626:Cochinsyn.com
4621:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4586:
4585:Jason Aronson
4582:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4555:
4546:
4544:9780520213234
4540:
4536:
4535:
4527:
4520:
4514:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4467:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4439:
4431:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4325:Tudor Parfitt
4321:
4313:
4311:9783161464829
4307:
4303:
4302:
4294:
4281:
4280:
4272:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4247:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4223:
4209:on 2019-07-28
4208:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4184:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4152:
4137:
4131:
4124:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4097:
4091:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4031:
4024:
4018:
4010:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3984:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3955:
3954:965-278-179-7
3951:
3947:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3929:
3927:9789386348661
3923:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3848:Paradesi Jews
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3805:
3802:
3791:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3762:Jael Silliman
3760:
3757:
3754:
3752:, businessman
3751:
3750:David Sassoon
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:Cochin Jewish
3718:(1882–1967),
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:, businessmen
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3681:Joseph Rabban
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3623:lepidopterist
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3595:Elly Kadoorie
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3562:Revital Moses
3560:
3557:
3556:Fleur Ezekiel
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3470:, businessman
3469:
3468:David Sassoon
3465:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3413:Baghdadi Jews
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3307:
3305:
3304:Orthodox Jews
3301:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:Sassoon Docks
3156:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3115:Baghdadi Jews
3109:Baghdadi Jews
3105:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:anti-Semitism
3065:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:shanivār telī
3045:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2877:Paradesi Jews
2868:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2778:Joseph Rabban
2773:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:Paradesi Jews
2759:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2746:Second Temple
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2698:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:tribesmen in
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:Baghdadi Jews
2643:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:: These were
2569:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2498:Paradesi Jews
2495:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:British India
2436:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Judeo-Aramaic
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Judeo-Italian
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Ghardaïa Sign
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:Denominations
1771:
1770:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:United States
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Guinea-Bissau
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
992:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:
968:
965:
964:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
943:Lists of Jews
941:
939:
936:
935:
934:
933:
928:
923:
922:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
828:
824:
823:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
743:
742:
741:
740:
735:
730:
729:
718:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:The Holocaust
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:
662:
658:
657:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
629:
627:
622:
618:
612:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
590:
587:
586:
579:
573:
567:
562:
559:
555:
549:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
493:
490:
487:
486:
481:
476:
474:
469:
465:
461:
458:
453:
448:
444:
440:
437:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
416:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
405:
402:
401:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
350:
346:
345:
340:
335:
334:
323:
320:
317:
316:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Mishneh Torah
301:
299:
296:
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104:
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97:
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75:
70:
69:
64:
63:Who is a Jew?
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
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43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
28:
24:
22:
16:
6121:Meena ethnic
6066:Baháʼí Faith
6060:
6044:Christianity
5858:Dependencies
5788:Turkmenistan
5753:Saudi Arabia
5632:
5469:Jewish India
5435:
5428:
5418:
5411:
5396:
5386:
5376:
5366:
5356:
5350:
5340:
5322:
5304:
5286:
5268:
5257:
5237:. Retrieved
5235:. 2016-06-08
5233:the Guardian
5232:
5223:
5215:the original
5210:
5201:
5193:
5188:
5176:. Retrieved
5171:
5161:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5130:. Retrieved
5126:the original
5121:
5111:
5102:
5098:
5088:
5080:the original
5073:
5064:
5052:. Retrieved
5048:
5038:
5029:
5012:
5006:
4994:. Retrieved
4988:
4967:
4962:
4953:
4947:
4938:
4908:. Retrieved
4904:the original
4894:
4883:. Retrieved
4879:
4869:
4853:. Westland.
4849:
4842:
4831:. Retrieved
4827:the original
4820:
4810:
4799:. Retrieved
4797:(in Spanish)
4794:
4784:
4772:. Retrieved
4768:
4758:
4747:. Retrieved
4743:the original
4738:
4728:
4716:. Retrieved
4712:
4684:. Retrieved
4679:
4670:
4651:
4625:
4620:
4608:
4596:
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4526:
4518:
4513:
4501:. Retrieved
4487:
4478:
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4429:
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4415:
4411:
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4397:
4378:. Retrieved
4376:. 2017-07-05
4373:
4349:. Retrieved
4339:
4320:
4300:
4293:
4283:, retrieved
4278:
4271:
4263:
4253:
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4207:the original
4202:
4192:
4183:
4172:. Retrieved
4168:the original
4161:
4151:
4140:. Retrieved
4130:
4122:
4117:
4109:
4104:
4090:
4078:. Retrieved
4074:
4064:
4053:. Retrieved
4049:
4039:
4030:
4022:
4017:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3944:
3917:
3911:
3892:
3843:Meshuchrarim
3828:Bnei Menashe
3823:Bene Ephraim
3815:India portal
3738:Leela Samson
3726:Vice Admiral
3663:Madhura Naik
3607:Anish Kapoor
3550:Reuben David
3538:Esther David
3485:Firoza Begum
3417:
3394:
3357:
3348:
3344:
3328:
3297:
3286:
3283:Bene Ephraim
3277:Bene Ephraim
3260:
3249:Bnei Menashe
3243:Bnei Menashe
3199:
3186:
3185:in his book
3179:
3144:
3066:
3062:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3018:
2950:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2925:
2903:
2892:
2846:
2814:
2806:
2794:principality
2783:
2774:
2750:
2735:
2680:Bene Ephraim
2653:Bnei Menashe
2604:Konkan coast
2502:British Jews
2465:
2437:
2433:Bnei Menashe
2406:
2380:
2378:
2319:Post-Zionism
2190:Judeo-Berber
2185:Judeo-Arabic
2145:Judeo-Gascon
1892:Pidyon haben
1811:Conservative
1357:Saudi Arabia
1251:
1175:South Africa
1164:Sierra Leone
986:Israeli Jews
900:Mosaic Arabs
853:Kaifeng Jews
714:Arab–Israeli
687:Emancipation
566:Great Revolt
375:Anti-Judaism
370:Antisemitism
365:Name "Judea"
160:Baal teshuva
20:
15:
6080:Other paths
6049:Catholicism
6032:Sunni Islam
5986:South India
5917:Asia portal
5818:States with
5738:Philippines
5678:South Korea
5673:North Korea
5568:Afghanistan
5500:Cochin Jews
5494:Bene Israel
5485:Indian Jews
5479:Indjews.com
5371:Shalva Weil
5279:), May 2014
5132:January 12,
5054:January 12,
4648:Muthiah, S.
4050:www.bbc.com
3833:Cochin Jews
3645:Bene Israel
3621:(b. 1957),
3583:Gerry Judah
3577:J F R Jacob
3544:Karen David
3532:Ruby Daniel
3310:Delhi Jewry
3239:, in 1947.
3021:Bene Israel
2995:Bene Israel
2989:Bene Israel
2921:Mint Street
2871:Madras Jews
2810:Joseph Azar
2697:Cochin Jews
2691:Cochin Jews
2611:Bene Israel
2606:in 175 BCE.
2592:Bene Israel
2580:Inquisition
2568:Jews of Goa
2541:Syrian Jews
2504:arrived at
2479:Cochin Jews
2472:Shalva Weil
2314:Revisionist
2304:Neo-Zionism
1911:Zeved habat
1704:Puerto Rico
1530:Netherlands
1362:South Korea
1347:Philippines
1227:Afghanistan
1094:Ivory Coast
868:Crypto-Jews
833:Bnei Anusim
812:Bene Israel
777:Beta Israel
734:Communities
641:Middle Ages
380:Persecution
155:Bereavement
6112:Sanamahism
6107:Donyi-Polo
6097:Irreligion
6037:Shia Islam
5798:Uzbekistan
5773:Tajikistan
5688:Kyrgyzstan
5668:Kazakhstan
5588:Bangladesh
5578:Azerbaijan
5467:Haruth.com
5239:2021-05-12
5122:Kulanu.org
5105:(1): 7–16.
4910:2016-07-12
4885:2016-05-24
4833:2016-05-24
4801:2023-05-16
4749:2016-07-12
4686:2020-05-07
4456:1887563776
4380:2022-04-26
4285:2016-02-22
4213:2019-07-28
4174:2017-01-12
4142:2019-08-14
4055:2022-04-25
3904:References
3651:Ruby Myers
3631:, musician
3480:Miss India
3458:Miss India
3373:See also:
3237:Miss India
3229:Chandigarh
3195:184356002X
3077:Portuguese
2844:District.
2838:Thiruvalla
2830:Thiruvalla
2802:synagogues
2798:Anjuvannam
2754:Anjuvannam
2557:St. Thomas
2446:after the
2421:Israelites
2299:Maximalism
2251:Secularism
2231:Autonomism
2048:Literature
1841:Humanistic
1445:Azerbaijan
1407:Uzbekistan
1382:Tajikistan
1302:Kyrgyzstan
1287:Kazakhstan
1134:Mozambique
1109:Madagascar
1029:Cape Verde
981:New Yishuv
976:Old Yishuv
927:Population
905:Subbotniks
863:Samaritans
802:Romanyotim
745:Ashkenazim
692:Old Yishuv
672:Sabbateans
659:Modern era
651:Golden Age
578:Bar Kokhba
298:Beit Yosef
165:Philosophy
6102:Bathouism
6092:Tribalism
6071:Ahmadiyya
6019:Abrahamic
6004:Ayyavazhi
5884:Hong Kong
5838:Palestine
5763:Sri Lanka
5758:Singapore
5638:Indonesia
5331:2373-177X
5313:2224-3011
5295:2224-3011
5277:1012-9804
5178:4 January
4880:The Hindu
4822:The Hindu
4718:6 October
4713:The Hindu
4517:Burnell,
4163:The Hindu
4001:. BRILL.
3838:Desi Jews
3665:, actress
3445:, actress
3434:, actress
3432:Sulochana
3331:Paharganj
3155:synagogue
3134:in Fort,
3132:Synagogue
2955:, called
2861:Ernakulam
2847:In Mala,
2836:village,
2766:Sephardim
2549:Nagercoil
2514:Ashkenazi
2401:Desi Jews
2385:antiquity
2309:Religious
2165:Zarphatic
2155:Bukharian
2125:Judeo-Tat
2110:Yeshivish
2084:Languages
2039:Sephardic
2029:Israelite
2019:Ethiopian
2009:Ashkenazi
1948:Religious
1738:Australia
1720:Venezuela
1626:Argentina
1608:Greenland
1520:Lithuania
1372:Sri Lanka
1367:Singapore
1292:Kurdistan
1257:Indonesia
1247:Hong Kong
1200:Abayudaya
1124:Mauritius
858:Igbo Jews
848:Krymchaks
767:Sephardim
635:relations
529:Sadducees
525:Pharisees
515:Sanhedrin
430:Jerusalem
190:Synagogue
58:Etymology
6176:Category
6117:Sarnaism
5994:Buddhism
5976:Hinduism
5907:Category
5828:Abkhazia
5778:Thailand
5733:Pakistan
5713:Mongolia
5708:Maldives
5703:Malaysia
5603:Cambodia
5407:), 2008.
5174:. Mumbai
4795:eSefarad
4774:30 April
4650:(2004).
4351:30 April
3787:See also
3609:, artist
2953:cemetery
2849:Thrissur
2834:Kaviyoor
2826:Kottayam
2820:such as
2639:Peshawar
2510:Sephardi
2487:Sephardi
2336:Category
2294:Kahanism
2241:Feminism
2213:Politics
2097:Biblical
2067:American
2014:Bukharan
2004:American
1904:Shidduch
1880:Clothing
1836:Haymanot
1782:Orthodox
1710:Suriname
1693:Paraguay
1646:Colombia
1545:Portugal
1455:Bulgaria
1392:Thailand
1342:Pakistan
1322:Mongolia
1317:Malaysia
1237:Cambodia
1211:Zimbabwe
1186:Tanzania
1064:Eswatini
1054:Ethiopia
1044:Djibouti
1024:Cameroon
1019:Botswana
948:Diaspora
910:Noahides
883:Marranos
807:Cochinim
792:Bukharim
782:Gruzinim
772:Teimanim
762:Mizrahim
750:Galician
716:conflict
677:Hasidism
667:Haskalah
572:Diaspora
443:timeline
355:Timeline
268:Rabbinic
175:Kabbalah
150:Marriage
126:Tzedakah
116:Holidays
74:Religion
37:a series
35:Part of
6061:Judaism
6009:Sikhism
5999:Jainism
5803:Vietnam
5718:Myanmar
5698:Lebanon
5628:Georgia
5583:Bahrain
5573:Armenia
4996:July 9,
4503:July 2,
4080:17 July
3685:Shingly
3635:Lillian
3454:Pramila
3267:Manipur
3263:Mizoram
3202:Kolkata
3097:samosas
3033:Shabbat
3005:Marathi
2899:Livorno
2788:of the
2669:Mizoram
2665:Manipur
2483:Solomon
2476:Malabar
2389:Judaism
2279:General
2270:Zionism
2246:Leftism
2236:Bundism
2160:Knaanic
2120:Yevanic
2105:Yiddish
2062:Yiddish
2057:Israeli
2034:Mizrahi
2024:Israeli
1995:Cuisine
1971:Ancient
1953:Secular
1899:Kashrut
1875:Wedding
1862:Customs
1854:Culture
1831:Science
1826:Renewal
1816:Karaite
1797:Hasidic
1729:Oceania
1715:Uruguay
1683:Jamaica
1663:Ecuador
1631:Bolivia
1575:Ukraine
1550:Romania
1525:Moldova
1505:Hungary
1495:Germany
1490:Georgia
1480:Finland
1475:Estonia
1470:Denmark
1465:Czechia
1450:Belarus
1440:Austria
1435:Armenia
1412:Vietnam
1327:Myanmar
1312:Lebanon
1232:Bahrain
1191:Tunisia
1169:Somalia
1144:Nigeria
1139:Namibia
1129:Morocco
1059:Eritrea
1004:Algeria
888:Neofiti
797:Italkim
787:Juhurim
697:Zionism
646:Khazars
541:Sicarii
537:Zealots
533:Essenes
520:Schisms
385:Leaders
347:General
339:History
282:Tosefta
277:Midrash
254:Mishnah
236:Ketuvim
231:Nevi'im
180:Customs
111:Shabbat
106:Halakha
98: (
96:Mitzvot
83: (
49:Judaism
23:(album)
5981:Punjab
5968:Indian
5961:topics
5848:Taiwan
5783:Turkey
5748:Russia
5683:Kuwait
5663:Jordan
5653:Israel
5613:Cyprus
5598:Brunei
5593:Bhutan
5403:
5383:. 2007
5363:, 1988
5329:
5311:
5293:
5275:
5020:
4990:Forbes
4857:
4658:
4541:
4453:
4308:
4005:
3952:
3924:
3781:Mumbai
3693:Kerala
3657:Nadira
3443:Nadira
3405:Mumbai
3401:Israel
3397:Aliyah
3335:Chabad
3289:Telugu
3225:Punjab
3193:
3151:Mumbai
3136:Mumbai
3083:Mumbai
3073:Hindus
3038:Alibag
3009:Alibag
2822:Cochin
2818:Kerala
2676:Telugu
2635:Lahore
2631:Pathan
2627:Punjab
2530:Ladino
2518:Iberia
2506:Madras
2444:Israel
2425:Indian
2341:Portal
2200:Domari
2130:Shassi
2091:Hebrew
1986:Humour
1930:Hiloni
1925:Aliyah
1885:Niddah
1870:Minyan
1805:Reform
1792:Haredi
1787:Modern
1688:Mexico
1673:Guyana
1636:Brazil
1598:Canada
1570:Sweden
1560:Serbia
1555:Russia
1540:Poland
1535:Norway
1515:Latvia
1500:Greece
1485:France
1460:Cyprus
1426:Europe
1397:Turkey
1387:Taiwan
1297:Kuwait
1282:Jordan
1272:Israel
1206:Zambia
1196:Uganda
1114:Malawi
1084:Guinea
1074:Gambia
1009:Angola
995:Africa
878:Dönmeh
873:Anusim
817:Berber
755:Litvak
707:Israel
613:
550:
464:Second
432:
293:Targum
259:Gemara
245:Talmud
217:Tanakh
170:Ethics
121:Prayer
6027:Islam
5889:Macau
5808:Yemen
5768:Syria
5743:Qatar
5723:Nepal
5658:Japan
5633:India
5623:Egypt
5608:China
5393:.2008
5031:soil.
3884:Notes
3689:Chera
3647:rabbi
3409:B'nei
3363:Today
3147:Surat
3140:India
3029:Shema
2857:Parur
2742:Judea
2730:Kochi
2623:Sindh
2596:Judea
2289:Labor
2284:Green
1981:Dance
1939:Music
1758:Palau
1678:Haiti
1641:Chile
1565:Spain
1510:Italy
1417:Yemen
1377:Syria
1352:Qatar
1332:Nepal
1277:Japan
1252:India
1242:China
1181:Sudan
1104:Libya
1099:Kenya
1079:Ghana
1069:Gabon
1049:Egypt
1034:Benin
893:Xueta
838:Lemba
457:First
322:Zohar
226:Torah
208:Texts
195:Rabbi
185:Rites
85:names
5728:Oman
5693:Laos
5648:Iraq
5643:Iran
5401:ISBN
5327:ISSN
5309:ISSN
5291:ISSN
5273:ISSN
5180:2024
5134:2017
5056:2017
5018:ISBN
4998:2016
4855:ISBN
4776:2018
4720:2018
4656:ISBN
4539:ISBN
4505:2016
4451:ISBN
4353:2018
4306:ISBN
4255:1829
4082:2018
4003:ISBN
3950:ISBN
3922:ISBN
3411:and
3383:The
3323:Pune
3265:and
3217:PVSM
3208:and
3206:jute
3191:ISBN
3172:The
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3117:and
3095:and
3093:roti
2915:and
2859:and
2828:and
2770:1492
2724:The
2667:and
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2659:and
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2651:The
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2500:and
2379:The
1748:Guam
1743:Fiji
1698:Peru
1651:Cuba
1337:Oman
1307:Laos
1267:Iraq
1262:Iran
1219:Asia
1148:Igbo
1119:Mali
138:Brit
47:and
45:Jews
27:Hodï
21:Hodi
5860:and
5028:; "
4498:BBC
4260:260
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3210:tea
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3054:Pen
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1962:Art
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