History of the New York City Subway

2656: 2886: 2870: 3965: 1122: 3033:. Even though each of the approximately 7,200 subway cars were checked once every six weeks or 7,500 miles (12,100 km) of service, four or five dead motors were allowable in a peak-hour 10-car train, according to some transit workers' accounts. About 85.8% of trains were on schedule in 1970, with 1,142 equipment-related delays in April 1970. However, issues such as broken lights, fans, and signs; defective doors, wheels, and brakes; and subway cars that often became uncoupled or "pulled apart", were still prevalent. One out of three IRT stations did not have running water in case of emergency. In addition, the system's staff were leaving in massive numbers, with 5,655 workers having retired or quit from early 1969 to mid-1970. 3554:. Some observers credited the "broken windows" approach of law enforcement where minor crimes like evasion are routinely prosecuted, and statistical crimefighting tools, whereas others have indicated different reasons for crime reduction. Regardless of causality, evasion checks resulted in many arrests for outstanding warrants or weapons charges, likely contributing somewhat to public safety improvements. Arrests weren't the only way to combat evasions, and by the early 1990s NYCTA was examining methods to improve fare control passenger throughputs, reduce fare collection costs, and maintain control over evasions and general grime. The AFC system was being designed, and evasion-preventing capability was a key consideration. 2336:) lines use letters. There is also a physical and less widely noticed difference, as A Division cars are narrower than those of B Division by 18 inches (46 cm) and shorter by 9 feet (2.7 m) to 24 feet (7.3 m). Because the A Division lines are of lower capacity for a given capital investment, all new extensions and lines built between World War II and 2007 have been for the B Division. A Division cars can travel on B Division lines when necessary but are not used for passenger service on those lines because of the dangerously wide gap between the car and the station platform. This stems from the IRT and BRT's long-standing disagreement where the BRT intentionally built cars that were too wide for the IRT. 2425:

and Worth Street stations to the south was completed in April 1947. In September 1947, a contract extending the platforms for stations in the Bronx was completed. The first stage of the plan was completed in June 1949, lengthening the platforms at Prospect Avenue, Jackson Avenue, Intervale Avenue, Simpson Street, Freeman Avenue, 174th Street and 177th Street on the IRT White Plains Road Line for $ 315,000. In September 1949, the Chairman of the Board of Transportation, William Reid, announced that the program to lengthen 32 IRT stations had been completed for $ 13.327 million. Reid also announced that the Board had created a five-year plan to lengthen all remaining BMT and IRT stations to accommodate ten-car trains.

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pay. The pandemonium continued through 1991. To combat the mounting problem, FATF designated 305 "target stations" with most evaders for intensive enforcement and monitoring. Teams of uniformed and undercover police officers randomly conducted "mini-sweeps", swarming and arresting groups of evaders. Special "mobile booking centers" in converted city buses allowed fast-track offender processing. Fare abuse agents covered turnstiles in shifts and issued citations. Plainclothes surveyors collected data for five hours per week at target locations, predominantly during morning peak hours. In 1992, evasion began to show a steady and remarkable decline, dropping to about 2.7% in 1994.

1482: 4892: 3004: 2967:. During midday hours, trains on the 1 were to be shortened to five cars. In July, it was planned that the EE would be discontinued; N trains were to have been extended to Continental Avenue via the Queens Boulevard Line to replace it. Manhattan-bound N trains were to continue running express, while in the opposite direction they would run local. N trains would alternate between terminating at Whitehall Street or Coney Island during rush hours. CC trains, in July, were planned to be extended from Hudson Terminal to Rockaway Park replacing the E, which was to have been cut back to Hudson Terminal. The K was planned to be discontinued in July. 4117: 1241: 5064: 3661: 3624:

1983, there were 15 such incidents in 1984 and three in 1985. "Red tag" areas, where trains reduced speed to 10 mph due to dangerous maintenance conditions, were almost entirely eliminated by 1986. The 325 R62 cars had a MDBF rate of 50,000 miles, more than five times higher than the other fleet, with the newly overhauled World's Fair R36 equipment on the Flushing Line averaging over 30,000 miles in 1986–87. The MDBF of many rolling stock increased from 6,000 miles in 1980 to 10,000 miles in September 1986, and hundreds cars were overhauled or cleaned of graffiti.

3587: 1114: 11833: 11136: 11101: 11053: 11022: 10865: 10743: 10708: 10677: 1046: 5325: 2992: 2617:, the city's chief urban planner at the time, did not allow funding for most mass transit expansions in the New York City area, instead building highways and parkways without any provisions for mass transit lines in the future. Caro noted that the lack of attention to mass transit expansions and routine maintenance contributed to the decline of the subway: "When Robert Moses came to power in New York in 1934, the city's mass transportation system was probably the best in the world. When he left power in 1968 it was quite possibly the worst." 2525: 4880: 2429: 105: 2284: 3418: 9408: 9404: 4763: 18073: 18066: 18059: 18052: 18021: 17970: 17963: 17956: 17949: 17942: 17935: 17928: 17921: 17914: 17907: 17900: 17893: 17886: 17879: 17872: 17865: 17858: 17851: 17844: 17837: 17830: 17823: 981: 17982: 18973: 1915:

private operators to be considered. However, the city's and Hylan's long-term goal was the unification and consolidation of the existing subway, with the city operating a unified subway system. The city, bolstered by political claims that the private companies were reaping profits at taxpayer expense, determined that it would build, equip and operate a new system itself, with private investment and without sharing the profits with private entities. This led to the building of the

4301: 18993: 2878: 2166: 2151: 2919:. With the increased security, the previous elaborate "burners" on the outside of cars were now marred with simplistic marker tags which often soaked through the paint. By mid-1986 the NYCTA were winning their "war on graffiti". On May 10, 1989, the rolling stock was made 100% graffiti-free, with the washing of the last train in the subway system that still had graffiti. As the population of artists lowered so did the violence associated with graffiti crews and "bombing". 18080: 2513: 2340: 8439: 9448: 9422: 2767: 4613: 1545: 1334: 7974:"OPEN NEW SUBWAY LINES TO TRAFFIC; CALLED A TRIUMPH; Great H System Put in Operation Marks an Era in Railroad Construction.NO HITCH IN THE PLANS But Public Gropes Blindly to Find the Way in Maze of New Stations.THOUSANDS GO ASTRAYLeaders in City's Life Hail Accomplishment of Great Task at Meeting at the Astor. Thousands Go Astray. OPEN NEW SUBWAY LINES TO TRAFFIC First Train Made Slow Time. Some Confusion Expected. Stations on the New Lines" 2952:

southbound express trains during the morning rush hours. The cuts were the first of a three-phase program that was put in effect between January and July 1976. The cuts permitted a savings of $ 12.6 million a year for the NYCTA, which had an increasing deficit. Other subway services were changed or discontinued as part of the plan. On January 19, F trains were planned to stop running express in Brooklyn, and the GG was to be cut back to

76: 1709: 852: 18983: 3394:, and the extent to which the citizenry could rely on the police to secure their safety. Although Goetz, dubbed the "Subway Vigilante" by New York City's press, came to symbolize New Yorkers' frustrations with the high crime rates of the 1980s, he was both praised and vilified in the media and public opinion. The incident has also been cited as a contributing factor to the groundswell movement against urban crime and disorder. 2944:. Ridership kept dropping rapidly, having decreased by 25 million passengers between June 30, 1976, and June 30, 1977; in the previous eight years, 327 million passengers had stopped using the subway. The proportion of the fleet that was in service during the morning peak period was reduced, and train headways were increased: on four local services, trains were reduced from once every four minutes to once every five minutes. 24: 3918:

for a total of 6.5 percent of the system. The lines were first identified in the first part of a three-year project, the Strategic Plan Initiative, which started in April 1985, by the MTA to evaluate the region's bus, subway, and commuter rail systems. The eleven segments all had low ridership, needed expensive rebuilding, and duplicated service on parallel lines. The lines being studied included the following lines:

1813:. South of Chambers Street, two branches were constructed. The first branch ran to the Battery via Greenwich Street, while the second branch turned eastward under Park Place and Beeckman Street and down William Street, running under the East River through a tunnel before running under Clark Street and Fulton Street until it reached a junction at Borough Hall with the existing Contract 2 IRT Brooklyn Line. 7825:"THE SEVENTH AND LEXINGTON AVENUE SUBWAYS WILL REVIVE DORMANT SECTIONS; Change in Operation That Will Transform Original Four-Tracked Subway Into Two Four-Tracked Systems and Double Present Capacity of the Interborough. Change in Operation. Will Revive Dead Sections. Assessed Valuation. Inadequate Terminal Facilities. West Side Development. Residential Possibilities. Comparative Assessed Values" 2369:, which gave a reprieve to the closure of most rail transit in the U.S., some closures continued, including the remainder of the IRT Second Avenue Line in Manhattan (1942) and the surviving BMT elevated services over the Brooklyn Bridge (1944). The Second World War also caused renewed inflation, which finally caused a fare increase to ten cents in 1947 and six years later to 15 cents. 3091:, causing frequent closures or delays on many subway lines during the 1980s. Reroutes from both bridges were necessitated; while the Manhattan Bridge, between 1986 and 2004, had two of its four tracks closed at a time for construction, the Williamsburg Bridge needed a shutdown from April to June 1988 for emergency structural repairs to be made. Federal funding for the repair of the 1553: 8260:"GAY CROWDS ON LAST RIDE AS SIXTH AVE. ELEVATED ENDS 60-YEAR EXISTENCE; 350 POLICE ON DUTY But the Noisy Revelers Strip Cars in Hunt for Souvenirs SUIT MAY DELAY RAZING Little Threat Seen to Plan, However-Jobless Workers to Press Their Protest Makes Only One Stop Entrances Are Boarded Up FINAL TRAINS RUN ON ELEVATED LINE Police Guard Structure" 3847:(RPA) proposed several changes. A major part of the plan was eliminating parts of the system and expanding the system to reflect population shifts. The plan called for eliminating 26 miles of elevated lines and building 17 miles of new subway lines, and 20 miles of new surface lines. The RPA also suggested buying new subway cars; implementing 2348:

lines did not permit cars wider than 9 feet (2.7 m). The clearances and curves on these lines are too narrow and too sharp for any IND or BMT equipment. The later extensions of the IRT, constituting the bulk of the IRT system, were built to wider dimensions, and so are of a profile that could support the use of IND/BMT sized equipment.

7854:"THREE NEW LINKS OF THE DUAL SUBWAY SYSTEM OPENED, INCLUDING A SHUTTLE SERVICE FROM TIMES SQUARE TO THIRTY-FOURTH STREET; Service on the Jerome Avenue Branch From 149th Street North to About 225th Street Began Yesterday Afternoon—The Event Celebrated by Bronx Citizens and Property Owners-- The Seventh Avenue Connection Opened This Morning" 808:. It closed many elevated subway lines that became too expensive to maintain. Graffiti, crime, and decrepitude became common. To stay solvent, the New York City Subway had to make many service cutbacks and defer necessary maintenance projects. In the 1980s an $ 18 billion financing program for the rehabilitation of the subway began. 4281:. Giuliani wanted to demonstrate that he could successfully run New York City without raising taxes, so he eliminated $ 400 million from the MTA's capital budget in 1994. He did not suggest any transit improvements, however. State lawmakers also reduced MTA funding in the 1990s, which remained mostly unchanged through the 2000s. 5231:

what became the first planned overnight closure in the subway's history. The overnight closures were to be suspended once the pandemic was over, and bus service was added. In early May 2021, Governor Cuomo announced that the overnight subway closures would end on May 17, 2021, with 24-hour service resuming on that date.

3151:. The BMT Jamaica Line was demolished, mainly as part of the Program for Action, but also due to low ridership. Officials also proposed shutting the subway at night between midnight and 6 a.m. in order to reduce crime. Off-peak train trips, as well as trips on the branches outside the city's core, were reduced sharply. 5115:

during that same time period. By 2017, only 65% of weekday trains reached their destinations on time, the lowest rate since the transit crisis of the 1970s. In the summer of that year, the subway system was officially put in a state of emergency after a series of derailments, track fires, and overcrowding incidents.

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service would be truncated to Queens Plaza during late evenings and late nights. B and N service would have been cut back to shuttles, running between 36th Street and Coney Island on their respective lines. It was also proposed that during off-peak hours 10-car trains would be cut to eight, six or four car trains.

3317:, chairman of the MTA, said that even he was scared of going on the subway. Despite the MTA discussing methods to increase ridership, the 1982 figures fell to levels last seen in 1917. Within less than ten years, the MTA had lost around 300 million passengers, mainly because of fears of crime. In July 1985, the 5337: 5234:

In February 2021, the New York City Subway removed benches from several stations in an effort to reduce the number of homeless persons sleeping on them, which during the COVID-19 pandemic was considered to be unsanitary. This move drew considerable backlash from riders who alleged that the removal of

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Several improvements were made in response to the transit crisis. In the short term, signals, trains, and tracks were improved under the "Fast Forward" program. Further, the MTA's 2020–2024 capital plan called for adding elevators and ramps to 66 subway stations and adding modern signaling systems to

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of the original New York City Subway line in 1904, various official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. One of the better known proposals was the "Second System," which was part of a plan by the Independent Subway to construct new subway lines in addition and

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The second trunk, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line assumed the portion of the original IRT system north of Times Square, and it extended southward with a new station at Times Square, running down Seventh Avenue, Varick Street and West Broadway. It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to

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In April 1986, the New York City Transit Authority began to study the possibility of eliminating sections of 11 subway lines because of low ridership. The segments are primarily located in low-income neighborhoods of the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens, with a total of 79 stations, and 45 miles of track,

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During the mid-1980s, reconstruction began. Stations were refurbished and rolling stock was repaired and replaced. "Neighborhood maps" for wayfinding were added in subway stations starting in 1985. Maintenance of the subway began to improve: while 21 trains derailed while in passenger service during

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again considered closing 26 miles (42 km) of above-ground lines to follow population shifts. They included the Jerome Avenue, Dyre Avenue, Franklin Avenue, Crosstown, and Rockaway lines, as well as parts of the Myrtle and Jamaica lines. The south end of the Culver Line and the north ends of the

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On December 17, 1975, the MTA announced that a 4.4 percent cutback of rush hour train service would take place on January 18, 1976. The cutbacks, the third of the year, trimmed 279 train runs from the previous 6,900. Service was most drastically reduced on the Lexington Avenue Line, with seven fewer

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An extensive car-washing program in the late 1980s ensured the elimination of graffiti throughout the system's rolling stock. In 1984 the NYCTA began a five-year program to eradicate graffiti. The years between 1985 and 1989 became known as the "die hard" era. A last shot for the graffiti artists of

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Because the early subway systems competed with each other, they tended to cover the same areas of the city, leading to much overlapping service. The amount of service has actually decreased since the 1940s as many elevated railways were torn down, and finding funding for underground replacements has

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was completely overwhelmed, the public reacted with unease, and the subway was deliberately avoided. Around 1980, the reliability of the vehicles was a tenth of their reliability in the 1960s, and 40 percent of the network required speed restrictions. Because there had been no further studies of the

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On the other hand, New York City had grown to over five and a half million inhabitants and urgently needed new subway lines. The dual system could not keep pace with this ever-increasing ridership. So, a compromise solution was finally found that would allow Hylan's plans as well as the interests of

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The Dual Contracts resulted in the expansion of New York City; people moved to the newly built homes along the newly built subway lines. These homes were affordable, about the same cost as the houses in Brooklyn and Manhattan. The population in Manhattan below 59th Street decreased between the years

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An immediate result of the switch was the need to transfer using the 42nd Street Shuttle. The completion of the "H" system doubled the capacity of the IRT system. The local tracks ran to South Ferry, while the express tracks used the Brooklyn Branch to Wall Street, extended into Brooklyn to Atlantic

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were built at this time and were for some time operated by both companies. Under the terms of Contracts 3 and 4, the city would build new subway and elevated lines, rehabilitate and expand certain existing elevated lines, and lease them to the private companies for operation. The cost would be borne

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Although ridership decreased by 40 percent from 2019 to 2022, the number of crimes in the system remained roughly the same, prompting riders to express concerns over increased crime. There had been six murders in the subway in 2020; the following year, the subway recorded eight murders, the highest

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In November 2016, the MTA requested that the Second Avenue Subway's Phase 2 project be entered into the Project Development phase under the Federal Transit Administration's New Starts program. The FTA granted this request in late December 2016; The line will eventually comprise four phases, running

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stated that the "abundance" of shuttered entry points along subway routes was contributing to severe overcrowding and longer commute times, and requested that the MTA develop and publicize plans for restoring closed entry points. The state of emergency ended on June 30, 2021, after previously being

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radios transmitted at different frequencies, so they could not coordinate with each other. Subway patrols were also adherent to tight schedules, and felons quickly knew when and where police would make patrols. Public morale of the MTA police was low at the time. so that by October 1979, additional

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ordered an increase in the Transit Police force from 1,219 to 3,100 officers. During the hours at which crimes most frequently occurred (between 8:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m.), the officers went on patrol in all stations and trains. In response, crime rates decreased, as extensively reported by

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had the worst track; its infrastructure had not been upgraded since its opening in 1915. Despite $ 800 million being allocated by the state in 1978, the TA had spent less than half of the $ 600 million allocated in 1967. The agency made some infrastructure improvements, though because they were not

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train. Switching at a junction north of 96th Street, delayed service as trains from the Lenox Avenue Line which ran local switched from the express to the local, while trains from the Broadway Branch that ran express switched from the local to the express. This bottleneck was removed on February 6,

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to increase comfort, reliability and durability while deferring car purchases. The TA only replaced the oldest cars in each division, so it bought only 1,350 new vehicles. Increased patrols and fences around the train yards offered better protection against graffiti and vandalism. At the same time,

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In January 1947, the 23rd Street, 28th Street and 33rd Street platform extensions were completed, costing $ 4.003 million. Work was subsequently completed at the Bleecker Street and Spring Street stations for $ 1.97 million. The $ 1.992 million contract to lengthen the platforms at the Canal Street

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The original IRT subway lines (those built before the Dual Contracts) were built to modified elevated line dimensions. Whereas the IRT lines were originally equipped with cars that were 47 feet (14 m) long, the cars designed for the IRT subway measure 51.3 feet (15.6 m) long. Both sets of

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resulted in soaring costs, and the expansion became unmanageable, so it was not built along with the other three IND trunk lines. Construction on the first phase of the IND was already behind schedule, and the city and state were no longer able to provide funding. A scaled-down proposal including a

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at three stations, and it reached a legal settlement the same year, agreeing to make 95 percent of subway and Staten Island Railway stations wheelchair-accessible by 2055. Despite decreased ridership due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the MTA had balanced its budget by 2023 while also raising fares and

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in March 2020 resulted in mass closures of gathering spaces. After the MTA recommended that only essential workers use the New York City Subway, ridership started to decrease. Part-time services were temporarily suspended. Starting on May 6, 2020, stations were closed overnight for cleaning, in

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earmarked for World Trade Center reconstruction. In January 2009, the opening was delayed because the tracks were too far from the edge of the platform. Other delays were attributed to leaks in the station. The problem was corrected and the station opened on March 16, 2009. With the opening of the

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At the 14th Street station, Goetz entered the car through the rearmost door, crossed the aisle, and took a seat on the long bench across from the door. After Canty asked Goetz how he was, Goetz replied affirmatively, at which point the four boys supposedly moved over to the left of Goetz, blocking

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and spread throughout the rest of the system, causing delays when damaged trains needed to be taken out of service. Over a thousand pieces of damaged windows were replaced between January 27 and February 2, 1985. Other actions included increasing the 60-cent fare to 65 cents to pay the salaries of

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On May 27, 1975, the NYCTA announced that in September of that year 94 daily IRT trips would be discontinued, accounting for 4 percent of then-existing service on the IRT. The trips were to be discontinued to cut operating deficits. Express service on the 7 train was to be discontinued between the

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assumed the portion of the original IRT system south of Grand Central. The line was extended northward with a new station at Grand Central and turned onto Lexington Avenue, where the line remained as four tracks. The line had connections to the new IRT Pelham Line and IRT Jerome Avenue Line in the

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11,000 rides, with 400,000 rides provided during its first year of operation. Although the public showed initial approval, Beach was delayed in getting permission to expand it. By the time he finally gained permission in 1873, public and financial support had waned, and the subway was closed down.

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Similarly, fare evasion was taken seriously. The NYCTA began formally measuring evasion in November 1988. When TA's Fare Abuse Task Force (FATF) was convened in January 1989, evasion was 3.9%. After a 15-cent fare increase to $ 1.15 in August 1990, a record 231,937 people per day, or 6.9%, didn't

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The system also had many slow-speed areas because of obstacles that could cause derailments, and every subway car had graffiti; fleet availability during rush hours declined from 5,557 in 1976 to 5,025 in 1977, and to 4,900 in May 1978. Mean Distance Between Failures (MDBF) rates were at all time

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Construction and maintenance of existing lines was deferred, and graffiti and crime were very common. Trains frequently broke down, were poorly maintained, and were often late, while ridership declined by the millions each year. As in all of the city, crime was rampant in the subway in the 1970s.

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with two island platforms, sufficient entrances and exits, and storage for four 10-car trains. The facilities would allow for the operation of express and local service to the station. Construction on the extension started in 1946 with planned completion in 1949. The extension was completed later

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for $ 423,000. Additional platform extensions were completed on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line in October 1946. On this date the platform extensions at 103rd Street, 110th Street, 116th Street, 137th Street, 145th Street, 157th Street, 168th Street, 181st Street, 191st Street and Dyckman Street

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B Division equipment could operate on much of A Division if station platforms were trimmed and trackside equipment moved, thus letting A Division service carry more passengers. However, there is virtually no chance of this happening because the older, narrower portions of A Division are centrally

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The most grandiose plan, conceived in 1929, was to be part of the city-operated IND. By 1939, with unification planned, all three systems were included. As this grandiose expansion was not built, the subway system is only 70% of what it was planned to be. Magnificently engineered, almost entirely

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As the first line neared completion, New York City offered it for private operation as a formality, knowing that no operator would meet its terms. Thus the city declared that it would operate it itself, formalizing a foregone conclusion. The first line opened without a formal ceremony. The trains

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for some time, and he wanted to avoid having to spend more money to recapture the IRT and BRT, so he tried to push the two operators out of business. To that end, Hylan had denied allocating money for the BRT by refusing to build new lines, refusing to raise fares (thereby putting the BRT in more

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The line was then extended to Fulton Street on January 16, 1905, to Wall Street on June 12, 1905, and to Bowling Green and South Ferry on July 10, 1905. In order to complete Contract 2, the subway had to be extended under the East River to reach Brooklyn. The tunnel was named the Joralemon Street

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On December 14, 1976, the NYCTA proposed another package of service cuts. The cuts, planned to take effect in January 1977, would have eliminated service on the Bowling Green–South Ferry Shuttle, the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, and AA service, which would be replaced by the A during late nights. GG

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There was a need to overhaul rolling stock and infrastructure of the once-private routes, especially for the IRT, where nearly all of the infrastructure was aged. The oldest cars came there from the time the subway opened in 1904, and the oldest subway cars of BMT in 1953 dated from the system's

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Underlying the fanfare of expansions, however, there was a gradual decline in maintenance of the subway, and consequently, fewer trains started arriving to their destinations on time. Maintenance spending declined before rising again from the 1990s to 2012, but on-time performance slowly eroded

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Generally, ridership kept rising as the subway system improved in its maintenance, cleanliness, frequency, and on-time ratio; ridership started to increase as graffiti and crime rates dropped heavily after 1989. From 1995 to 2005, ridership on city buses and subways grew by 36%, compared with a

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On May 1, 1957, a standard maximum interval of 20 minutes between trains was put into place during late nights, with the exception of the Rockaway lines where it was 24 minutes. Some lines had service run as infrequently as 30 minutes. Also on this date, BMT express service was extended to 57th

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It remained little more than a curiosity, running only a single car on its one-block-long track to a dead-end at its terminus. Passengers would simply ride out and back, to see what the proposed subway might be like. During its first two weeks of operation, the Beach Pneumatic Transit sold over

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announced a two-phase, $ 9 billion New York City Subway Action Plan to stabilize the subway system and to prevent the continuing decline of the system. The first phase, costing $ 836 million, consisted of five categories of improvements; the $ 8 billion second phase would implement the winning

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Covering over 3,200 openings at ground level. As of March 2019, there are 19 contracts in progress and 11 contracts pending. In addition, a preventive measure, 68 subway entrances in Lower Manhattan are also receiving fabric plugs that are intended to keep flood water out. In 2017, 3,000-pound

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reported that the system was more crowded than it had been in the previous 66 years. The subway reached a daily ridership of 6 million for 29 days in 2014, and was expected to record a similar ridership level for 55 days in 2015; by comparison, in 2013, daily ridership never reached 6 million.

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The renovation of the stations was initially limited to security measures, fresh paint, new lighting and signs, but the TA also tried to improve the service that had been neglected. This ranged from new uniforms and training for the staff to correct destination signs on the rolling stock. Some

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take over existing subway lines and railroad right-of-ways. Though most of the routes proposed over the decades have never seen construction, discussion remains strong to develop some of these lines, to alleviate existing subway capacity constraints and overcrowding, the most notable being the

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during a "target hardening" trial reduced evasions compared to nearby "control" stations. However, controls consisting entirely of "high-wheels" created draconian, prison-like environments, with detrimental effects on station aesthetics. Compromises with more secure low-turnstile designs were

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subway since 1975, one third of the fleet was out of use during rush hours due to serious technical defects. In addition, signs were fitted incorrectly, and spare parts were missing or were bought in too large quantities, could not be found, or could not be installed due to lack of repairmen.

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However, during the subway's main era of decline following the city's 1976 fiscal crisis, there were daily reports of crime. Two hundred were arrested for possible subway crimes in the first two weeks of December 1977 under an operation dubbed "Subway Sweep". Violence on the subway increased

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declared the first war on graffiti in 1972, but it would be a while before the city was able and willing to dedicate enough resources to that problem to start impacting the growing subculture. The MTA tried rubbing the graffiti off with an acid solution, but maintaining the cars to keep them

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released an analysis of the effect of subway delays on the economy and on commuters. The study found that based on a normal wait time of 5 minutes and an average wage of $ 34 per hour in 2016, "worst-case" subway delays of more than 20 minutes could cost up to $ 389 million annually in lost

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Fare evasion seemed a small problem compared to the graffiti and crime; however, fare evasion was causing the NYCTA to lose revenue. NYCTA's strategy for restoring riders' confidence took a two-pronged approach. In 1981, MTA's first capital program started system's physical restoration to a

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first years, in 1913. Therefore, a total of 2,860 cars for the A Division were delivered between 1948 and 1965, which constituted the replacement of almost the entire prewar IRT fleet. On the B Division, 2,760 cars were ordered. Platforms were doubled in length systemwide. At some stations,

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policy, which proposed to stop large-profile crimes by prosecuting quality of life crimes, was implemented. Along this line of thinking, the MTA began a five-year program to eradicate graffiti from subway trains in 1984, and hired one of the original theorists of Broken Windows policing,

1004:. Funneled through a company he set up, Beach put up $ 350,000 of his own money to bankroll the project. Built in only 58 days, its single tunnel, 312 feet (95 m) long, 8 feet (2.4 m) in diameter, was completed in 1870 and ran under Broadway from Warren Street to Murray Street. 4708:, and in 2005, construction commenced on the new station. Initially, the station's construction had been opposed because of the high cost and low perceived time savings. The South Ferry loop station only accommodates the first five cars of a train, so that the rear five cars of a 10-car 3534:

State-of-Good-Repair. Improving TA's image in riders' minds is as important as overcoming deferred maintenance. Prompt removal of graffiti and prevention of blatant fare evasion would become central pillars of the strategy to assure customers that the subway is "fast, clean, and safe":

4689:, to allow for room to operate the V, was cut back to Court Square. Two out-of-system transfers were put into place; the first was to allow F passengers to continue to have a free transfer to the Lexington Avenue Line, which was lost when the line was rerouted–the transfer connects the 3620:. Aesthetics chairperson Phyllis Cerf Wagner announced a program called "Operation Facelift", which entailed aesthetic improvements such as repainting and relighting the platforms, quicker replacement processes for windows and doors, and expanding the number of seats on platforms. 2927:

Ridership in 1975 had decreased to a point last seen in 1918, with ridership decreasing by 25 million or more per year. The MTA reduced the length of trains during off-peak periods, and canceled work on several projects being built as part of the Program for Action, including the

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The BRT, which just barely entered Manhattan via the Brooklyn Bridge, wanted the opportunity to compete with the IRT, and the IRT wanted to extend its Brooklyn line to compete with the BRT. This led to the city's agreement to contract for future subways with both the BRT and IRT.

7916:"OPEN NEW SUBWAY TO REGULAR TRAFFIC; First Train on Seventh Avenue Line Carries Mayor and Other Officials. TO SERVE LOWER WEST SIDE Whitney Predicts an Awakening of the District—New Extensions of Elevated Railroad Service. Present Service Tentative. Currents of Travel to Change" 3577:

implementation began in 1994. New turnstiles, including unstaffed high wheels, and floor-to-ceiling service gates, featured lessons learned from trials. As AFC equipment was rolled out, evasion plummeted. Fare abuse agents, together with independent monitoring, were eliminated.

2300:, succeeded the BoT. A combination of factors had this takeover coincide with the end of the major rapid transit building eras in New York City. The city immediately began to eliminate what it considered redundancy in the system, closing several elevated lines including the 1461:

Tunnel, which was the first underwater subway tunnel connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn, and it opened on January 9, 1908, extending the subway from Bowling Green to Borough Hall. On May 1, 1908, the construction of Contract 2 was completed when the line was extended from

2364:

New York hoped that the profits from the remaining formerly privately operated routes would support the expensive and deficit-ridden IND lines and simultaneously be able to repay the systems' debts, without having to increase the original fare of five cents. But during

2066:. An extension east to Union Turnpike opened on December 31, 1936. The line was extended to Hillside Avenue and 178th Street, with a terminal station at 169th Street on April 24, 1937. That day, express service began on the Queens Boulevard Line during rush hours, with 2295:

In June 1940, the IND's operator, the New York City Board of Transportation, took over the transportation assets of the IRT and BMT. In June 1953, the New York City Transit Authority, a state agency incorporated for the benefit of the city, now known to the public as

2124:

Further revision of the plan and more studies followed. By 1939, construction had been postponed indefinitely, and Second Avenue was relegated to "proposed" status. The 1939 plan for subway expansion took the line not only into the Bronx (by now as a single line to

1368:

terminal station (now known as Atlantic Terminal) in Brooklyn was adopted on January 24, 1901, and Contract 2, giving a lease of 35 years, was executed between the commission and the Rapid Transit Construction Company on September 11, with construction beginning at

3082:

Due to deferred maintenance, the condition of the subway system reached dangerous conditions in the early 1980s, and the TA considered abandoning the Archer Avenue and 63rd Street projects. Structural defects were found in elevated structures systemwide and on the

11791: 7529:"SUBWAY TO BROOKLYN OPENED FOR TRAFFIC; First Regular Passenger Train Went Under the East River Early This Morning. NOT A HITCH IN THE SERVICE Gov. Hughes and Brooklyn Officials to Join in a Formal Celebration of Event To-day. SUBWAY TO BROOKLYN OPENED TO TRAFFIC" 1319:

The BRT became bankrupt by 1918. The New York Consolidated Railroad and New York Municipal Railway were merged in June 1923, the same month that the BRT was reorganized as the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, to form the New York Rapid Transit Corporation.

2978:

In 1986, the NYCTA launched a study to determine whether to close 79 stations on 11 routes, spread across all four of the boroughs that the subway system served, due to low ridership and high repair costs. Numerous figures, including New York City Council member

4419:

as well as skip-stop service remained suspended. Normal service on all four trains was restored September 15, 2002. The Cortlandt Street station needed extensive reconstruction, and after a total rebuild costing $ 158 million, it reopened on September 8, 2018.

2196:

On August 28, 1922, Mayor John Francis Hylan announced that his new system would comprise 100 miles (160 km) of currently operating routes and another 100 miles of new routes, to be completed by December 31, 1925, and in competition with the IRT and BMT.

964:. These also later shared trackage with subway trains operated by the BRT and BMT. Most of these structures have been dismantled, but some have been rebuilt and upgraded. These lines were linked to Manhattan by various ferries and later the tracks along the 2407:

initiated a program to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car trains. The first contract, which was completed in August 1946, extended the platforms at 125th Street, 207th Street, 215th Street, 225th Street, 231st Street and 238th Street on the

2676:

The New York City Subway tried to keep its budget balanced between spending and revenue, so deferred maintenance became more common, which drew a slow but steady decline of the system and rolling stock. Furthermore, the workers were consolidated into the

3048:

At the height of the transit crisis in 1983, on-time performance dropped below 50%. Hundreds of trains never made it to their destination and in 1981, 325 train runs were abandoned on a typical day. Additionally, cars caught fire 2,500 times every year.

1141:

and build the subways itself; it contracted with the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (which by that time ran the elevated lines in Manhattan) to equip and operate the subways, sharing the profits with the city and guaranteeing a fixed five-cent fare.

3631:

On January 1, 1982, the MTA implemented the first of its five-year Capital Improvement programs to repair the existing system. Scheduled Maintenance Services were formed to proactively replace components, and the MTA conducted general overhauls of the

3095:

was deferred throughout the 1980s due to the extremely bad state of the Williamsburg Bridge. Pigeon droppings corroded the bridge's steel, there were over 200 broken suspender cables, and concrete in the bridge began to come off and leave large holes.

1432:

station. When the line was extended to 242nd Street, the temporary platforms at 230th Street were dismantled, and were rumored to be brought to 242 Street to serve as the station's side platforms. There were two stations on the line that opened later;

1775:

Both lines were built to IRT specifications. This meant that IRT passengers had a one-seat ride to Manhattan destinations, whereas BRT passengers had to make a change at Queensborough Plaza. This came to be important when service was extended for the

1063:. During this era the expanded City of New York resolved that it wanted the core of future rapid transit to be underground subways but realized that no private company was willing to put up the enormous capital required to build beneath the streets. 2897:

In 1973, the city's graffiti epidemic surged so that nearly every subway car was tagged with graffiti. It was worsened by the budgetary restraints on New York City, which limited its ability to remove graffiti and perform transit maintenance. Mayor

4899:

and isolated one part of the line from the rest of the system, requiring the NYCTA to truck in 20 subway cars to the line to provide some interim service in the Rockaways. This shows one of the cars being loaded onto a flatbed to be carried to the

2910:

philosophy in 1982. By the 1980s, increased police surveillance and implementation of increased security measures (razor wire, guard dogs) combined with continuous efforts to clean it up led to the weakening of the New York's graffiti subculture.

2681:

in 1968. A pension was set up, and workers were allowed to retire after 20 years of service without any transitional period. About a third of the most highly experienced staff immediately retired, resulting in a large shortage of skilled workers.

4439:, sustained significant damage in the collapse of the towers. It was closed until September 15, 2002, for removal of debris, structural repairs, and restoration of the track beds, which had suffered flood damage in the aftermath of the collapse. 827:. Sections were crushed, requiring suspension of service on that line south of Chambers Street. By March 2002, seven of the closed stations had been rebuilt and reopened, and all but one on September 15, 2002, with full service along the line. 1396:

and Broadway on March 12, 1906. This extension was served by shuttle trains operating between 157th Street and 221st Street. The original system as included in Contract 1 was completed on January 14, 1907, when trains started running across the

1074:. The act provided that the commission would lay out routes with the consent of property owners and local authorities, either build the system or sell a franchise for its construction, and lease the operation to a private firm. A line through 2352:

situated, such that it would be impossible to put together coherent through services. The most that can be reasonably hoped for is that some branch lines of Division A might be resized and attached to B Division lines. This was done with the

4256:, and also due to the fact that the three-station extension lay dormant for over a decade after completion. The 3.2 mile line included three new stations and cost a total of $ 868 million. The line was viewed as an enormous waste of money. 4940:. The H ran between Beach 90th Street and Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue, where passengers could transfer to a free shuttle bus. The line reopened on May 30, 2013, with a new retaining wall along the line to prevent against future storm surges. 2948:

hours of 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. and was to be replaced by more frequent local service. During the same month, the NYCTA was considering making the A train a local at all times except rush hours, when it would remain an express.

1441:. 191st Street was not open until January 14, 1911, because the elevators and other work had not yet been completed. 207th Street was completed in 1906, but since it was located in a sparsely occupied area, the station was opened in 1907. 2690:

the TA began an extensive renovation of the routes. Within ten years the tracks were thereby renewed almost systemwide. The Williamsburg Bridge and the Manhattan Bridge, which had strong corrosion damage, were refurbished over the years.

1791:

As part of the Dual Contracts, the operations of the original IRT system changed drastically. Instead of having trains go via Broadway, turn onto 42nd Street, and finally turn onto Park Avenue, there were two trunk lines connected by the

1229:, was sold under foreclosure to the BRT on July 6, 1899. Initially the surface and elevated railroad lines ran on steam power, but between 1893 and 1900 the lines were converted to run on electricity. An exception was the service on the 803:

The NYCTA, a public authority presided over by New York City, was created in 1953 to take over subway, bus, and streetcar operations from the city. In 1968 the state-level MTA took control of the NYCTA, and in 1970 the city entered the

3219:. However, unlike the 1981 proposal, this plan called for a net expansion of the subway system, as 37 miles (60 km) of new underground and surface lines would also be built. Numerous figures, including New York City Council member 2903:

relatively graffiti-free was costing them around $ 1.3 million annually. In the winter of 1973, the car-washing program was stopped. Attempts to wash cars with an acid solution in September 1974 were detrimental to the fleets' upkeep.

1515:

as the standard way to deliver electricity. Alternating current became the standard for non-railroad purposes, but New York City Subway adopted direct current as more suitable for urban railroad purposes. The companies built their own

1156:

Starting in 1899, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT; 1896–1923) and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT; 1923–1940) operated rapid transit lines in New York City — at first only elevated railways and later also subways.

3541:

The dramatic decrease in evasion during this period coincided with a reinvigorated Transit Police, a 25% expansion of City police, and a general drop in crime in U.S. cities. In the city, crime rate decline begun in 1991 under Mayor

16812: 1413:, the structure of the 221st Street was dismantled and was moved to 230th Street for a new temporary terminus. Service was extended to the temporary terminus at 230th Street on January 27, 1907. An extension of Contract 1 north to 1836:, opened; a separate shuttle service, running between 42nd and 34th Streets, was created. This short extension was opened even though the rest of the route was not yet completed in order to handle the mass of traffic to and from 1456:

opened on July 10, 1905, trains from the newly opened IRT subway ran via the line. Elevated service via this connection was resumed on October 1, 1907, when Second Avenue locals were extended to Freeman Street during rush hours.

5247:

in Brooklyn. As of October 2022, crime in the system had increased 40 percent from the previous year; the number of crimes recorded to date was roughly the same as in 2019, when ridership was much higher. In response, governor

3397:

In 1989, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority asked the transit police (then located within the NYCTA) to focus on minor offenses such as fare evasion. In the early nineties, the NYCTA adopted similar policing methods for

2698:

were also adapted to the changing needs of customers. Another stated goal was to reduce crime or at least an improvement in the subjective sense of security. At night, the railway police and members of the citizens' initiative

2375:

Because the consolidation dragged in the first years after unification, some improvements in operational processes were rather slow, and soon the question of organization was raised. The outsourcing of subway operations to the

1787:

inflation; the city had the right to "recapture" any of the lines it built and run them as its own; and the city was to share in the profits. This eventually led to their downfall and consolidation into city ownership in 1940.

1705:

more-or-less equally by the city and the companies. The city's contribution was in cash raised by bond offerings, while the companies' contributions were variously by supplying cash, facilities, and equipment to run the lines.

45: 7945:"LEXINGTON AV. LINE TO BE OPENED TODAY; Subway Service to East Side of Harlem and the Bronx Expected to Relieve Congestion. BEGINS WITH LOCAL TRAINS Running of Express Trains to Await Opening of Seventh AvenueLine of H System" 3823:, and the $ 5 fare and the special guard would be eliminated, making it like any other subway line. Trains would be 8 cars long instead of 4 cars long, and the headway between trains would be 18 minutes, instead of 20 minutes. 11671:

Langan, Patrick A., and M. R. Durose. The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City. Presented at the International Conference on Crime, the Italian National Institute of Statistics, Rome, December 3~5, 2003. Retrieved from

15028: 7395:"DISCUSS SUBWAY SIGNS IN 18TH ST. STATION; Engineer Parsons and Mr. Hedley Inspect Advertising Scheme. BRONX VIADUCT WORKS WELL Delays There Only Those of Newness -Lenox Avenue Service Makes Fuss Below Ninety-sixth Street" 783:

The city took over running the previously privately operated systems in 1940, with the BMT on June 1 and the IRT on June 12. Some elevated lines closed immediately while others closed soon after. Integration was slow, but

5150:

parties. By this time, the subway's 65% average on-time performance was the lowest among all major cities' transit systems, and every non-shuttle subway route's on-time performance had declined in the previous ten years.

780:(IND) opened in 1932, intended to compete with the private systems and replace some of the elevated railways. It was required to be run "at cost", necessitating fares up to double the five-cent fare popular at the time. 51: 39: 1634:

The BRT lines were built to wider profiles because the BRT did not want to use IRT trackage, which was narrower by comparison and carried far fewer passengers per hour. The design was inspired by the cars built for the

13540:"MTA | news | Decision to Completely Close the Tunnel Follows Months of Community Meetings, Stakeholder and Public Input on Reconstruction Options; MTA Will Develop and Announce Service Plans as 2019 Project Approaches" 2970:

The changes that were supposed to take place in July instead took effect on August 30 with 215 more runs eliminated that date. In 1967 there were 8,200 daily trips, and on August 30, 1976, there were 6,337 daily trips.

1651:. The Fourth Avenue and Sea Beach lines were opened on June 19, 1915, after years of delays for building of these lines and the Nassau Street Line. The first BRT section, however, had opened on September 16, 1908, from 3305:

While daily felonies were nearly halved between 1979 and 1980, decreasing from 261 to 154, overall crime increased by 70% in the same period. A series of window-smashing incidents on subway cars started in 1980 on the

1906:

in 1918 contributed to the losses incurred by the two companies, which led to the bankruptcy of the BRT in 1918. The BRT, however, was reorganized into the BMT. The IRT was almost bankrupt, but managed to complete the

12720: 3675:

to save money, but dropped the plan due to community pushback. The possibility of the discontinuation was revisited again in 1998, but again, fierce community opposition to it forced the MTA to rehabilitate the line.

7558:"BROOKLYN JOYFUL OVER NEW SUBWAY; Celebrates Opening of Extension with Big Parade and a Flow of Oratory. AN ODE TO AUGUST BELMONT Anonymous Poet Calls Him "the Brownie of the Caisson and Spade" – He Talks on Subways" 5475:

December 1, 1974: Six people were injured as a Franklin Avenue Shuttle train consisting of R32s derailed at the same spot of the Malbone Street Wreck hitting the wall leaving a massive gash in the side of one of the

2028:

before the elevated line was closed, bought the line for $ 12.5 million and terminated operations on December 5, 1938. To help compensate for the loss in service, service on the Ninth Avenue Elevated was increased.

917:), and Queens County were separate municipal entities. Competing steam-powered elevated railroads were built over major avenues. The first elevated line was constructed from 1867 to 1870 by Charles Harvey and his 4805:

The MTA faced a budget deficit of US$ 1.2 billion in 2009. This resulted in fare increases (three times from 2008 to 2010) and service reductions (including the elimination of two part-time subway services, the

10629:"Subway Service Shuffled to Cope In Repair 'Crisis'; Off-Peak Runs Will Be Cut for a Rush-Hour Reserve 'This Program Will Be Painful' Trouble-Shooters Added Subway Service Shuffled to Cope in a Repair 'Crisis'" 1670:, the two streetcar companies began operations on those tracks. When trackage was connected to the bridge in 1915, the trolleys were moved to the upper level roadways until 1929, when service was discontinued. 7500:"SUBWAY TRAINS RUNNING FROM BRONX TO BATTERY; West Farms and South Ferry Stations Open at Midnight. START WITHOUT A HITCH Bowling Green Station Also Opened – Lenox Avenue Locals Take City Hall Loop Hereafter" 3371:

Goetz off from the other passengers in the car. They then asked Goetz for money. He fired five shots, seriously wounding all four men. Nine days later he surrendered to police and was eventually charged with

4163: 1106:, to have four tracks from City Hall to the junction at 103rd Street. The "awkward alignment...along Forty-Second Street", as the commission put it, was necessitated by objections to using Broadway south of 1082:

was considered, but at first a more costly route under lower Broadway was adopted. A legal battle with property owners along the route led to the courts denying permission to build through Broadway in 1896.

14947: 13928: 3201:

Furthermore, a sample of 50 cars in 1980 showed that half had serious maintenance problems, such as a flammable undercoat of metal film, flattened wheels, burned out lights, and defective/missing emergency

1414: 4759:. A ceremonial groundbreaking for the subway was held on April 12, 2007, and contractor work to prepare the project's initial construction site at 96th Street and Second Avenue began on April 23, 2007. 4333:, many trains running in Lower Manhattan lost power and had to be evacuated through the tunnels. Some trains had power, but the signals did not, requiring special operating procedures to ensure safety. 5135:

productivity. By comparison, "mid-case" delays of between 10 and 20 minutes could cost $ 243.1 million per year, and "best-case" delays of between 5 and 10 minutes could cost $ 170.2 million per year.

7887:"OPEN SUBWAY SPUR TO 34TH STREET; Pennsylvania Station Now Accessible by Seventh AvenueLine from Times Square. RUN MADE IN TWO MINUTES Rush Work at Finish Leaves Pilesof Debris Still to be Cleared Up" 5514:

July 3, 1981: A motorman was killed and 135 passengers are injured as a Manhattan bound train plowed into the rear of a second train halted for a failed signal between Sutter Avenue and Utica Avenue.

4369: 2960: 1444:

The initial segment of the IRT White Plains Road Line opened on November 26, 1904, between East 180th Street and Jackson Avenue. Initially, trains on the line were served by elevated trains from the

1253: 17010: 11644:

Hom, Keith J. Reinventing Transit: the Twenty-Year "Overnight" Success Story of NYC Transit. Presented at the Metropolitan Conference on Public Transportation Research, Chicago, Ill., June 11, 1999.

10184: 4273:'s mayoralty from 1989 to 1993, the city went from being in debt to having a $ 200 million surplus, which was achieved by raising taxes. However, Dinkins's tax plans were unpopular, and he lost the 5779:

set off a series of bombs in the New York City Subway during Sundays and holidays, killing one woman and injuring 51 other commuters. The bomber also set off bombs in ferries. On April 12, 2022, a

14420: 13539: 2735:

trains began to run between 242nd Street and South Ferry all times. Trains began to be branded as Hi-Speed Locals, being as fast as the old express service was with 8-car trains consisting of new

1349:, for the construction of the subway and a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. The project was divided into fifteen sections on which subcontractors submitted construction bids. 5159:. Additionally, several other changes were proposed to improve service. For instance, in February 2019, several politicians wrote a letter to the MTA, asking the agency to consider splitting the 4316: 2719:

Street from 42nd Street. Earlier in 1957, local service on the BMT Jamaica Line was extended to Crescent Street from Eastern Parkway, and rush hour service was increased to run every 5 minutes.

14107: 4325:

resulted in service disruptions on lines running through Lower Manhattan. Tracks and stations under the World Trade Center were shut down within minutes of the first plane crash. All remaining

13029: 12002: 11692:

Weidner, Robert R. Target-Hardening at a New York City Subway Station: Decreased Fare Evasion – at What Price? In Crime Prevention Studies, Vol. 6, Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, N.Y., 1996.

11586:

Weidner, Robert R. Target Hardening at a New York City Subway Station: Decreased Fare Evasion – at What Price? In Crime Prevention Studies, Vol. 6, Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, N.Y., 1996.

10370:"$ 30 Million Cuts Proposed to Meet New York Transit Agency Shortage; Plan Emphasizes Curbs on Off-Hour Service Control Board Asked $ 42 Million Trim $ 30 MILLION IN CUTS IN TRANSIT PROPOSED" 4151: 1560:

After the statutory debt ceiling for the now-united city of New York had been raised, there were more plans for subway construction until 1908. The Triborough plan comprised three new lines:

13569: 3383:, and several firearms offenses. A jury found him not guilty of all charges except for one count of carrying an unlicensed firearm, for which he served eight months of a one-year sentence. 2655: 18445: 16820: 1780:, as the IRT was able to offer direct express trains from Manhattan, and the BRT was not. This practice lasted well into the municipal ownership of the lines and was not ended until 1949. 14037: 5605: 4785:. Groundbreaking began in June 2008 and the tunnels were completed by 2010. The project, which was the first one funded by the city in over 60 years, was intended to aid redevelopment of 2964: 1284: 5046:, 53rd Street, Cranberry, and Joralemon tunnels had been repaired, in addition to the Crosstown, Montague Street, and Clark Street tunnels. The Rutgers Street Tunnel was pending repairs. 3347:

on a New York City Subway train. The incident got nationwide media coverage. That day, the men—Barry Allen, Troy Canty, Darrell Cabey (all 19), and James Ramseur (18)—boarded a downtown

4361: 1833: 1829: 1410: 1406: 12652: 1840:. Only the northern part of the station was opened at this time, and piles of plaster, rails, and debris could be seen on the rest of the platforms. This shuttle was extended south to 816: 5432: 2885: 2017: 1911:

by 1928. Subsequently, Hylan drew up plans for a third subway network that would be city-built and -operated, in contrast to the existing subway lines, which were privately operated.

17499: 1377:, operator of the four elevated railway lines in Manhattan and the Bronx, on April 1, 1903. Operation of the subway began on October 27, 1904, with the opening of all stations from 12386: 1662:

Until the completion of the Fourth Avenue Line, there was a tram across the Manhattan Bridge which did not connect to any tracks in the New York City Subway. The track was called "

1059:

In 1898, New York, Kings and Richmond Counties, and parts of Queens and Westchester Counties and their constituent cities, towns, villages, and hamlets, were consolidated into the

13283: 8296: 4217:

fleets for the B Division. The R62 in particular was the first New York City Subway car class built by a foreign manufacturer. These were all delivered between 1983 and 1989. The

2869: 15039: 2652:

was supposed to replace the BMT Jamaica Line's eastern end, but it was never completed to its full extent, and opened in 1988 as a stub-end line, terminating at Jamaica Center.

14976: 5711:, killing the motorman and injuring at least 16 other people. Since several other fires had been observed in nearby stations, the incident was investigated as a possible arson. 5285:

increasing service on several subway routes. In 2024, as part of its 2025–2029 Capital Program, the MTA announced that it would spend billions of dollars on new rolling stock,

5013:

for 18 months between early 2019 and mid-2020. In April 2017, the shutdown was shortened to 15 months. The closure was changed to a night and weekend shutdown in January 2019.

2815:. Construction for the lines stopped in 1975 because the city almost went bankrupt, yet none of the lines were done when federal payments were suspended in 1985. The two-phase 11179: 10109: 1266: 13954: 12727: 12614: 11662:

Levitt, Steven D., and S. J. Dubner. Ch. 4: Where Have All the Criminals Gone. In Freakonomics: A Rouge Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York, N.Y. 2005.

776:(IRT). After 1913, all lines built for the IRT and most lines for the BRT were built by the city and leased to the companies. The first line of the city-owned and operated 1867:

merged). The new "H" system was implemented on August 1, 1918, joining the two halves of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and the two halves of the Lexington Avenue Line.

15231: 5142:

published its investigation into the crisis. It found that the crisis had arisen as a result of financially unsound decisions by local and state politicians from both the

3664: 1429: 16932: 3652:, however, was worse in 1989 than it was in 1980, and necessitated a complete renovation by 1998, because the MTA planned to abandon the line by the end of the century. 15257: 4982:

service. The new South Ferry station reopened on June 27, 2017, in time to accommodate the Clark Street closures. A week after South Ferry reopened, the MTA closed the

18780: 5730: 5653: 5290: 4167: 4131: 4034: 3797: 3731: 16842: 16255:"1,000 Trapped in an IRT Tunnel Accident; Man Dies of Heart Attack in 115o Heat—18 Need Stretchers as Ceiling Falls RIDERS TRAPPED IN IRT ACCIDENT Some Attempt Jokes" 9288: 9970: 5127:

proposals from the Genius Transit Challenge and fix more widespread problems. Six winning submissions for the Genius Transit Challenge were announced in March 2018.

4304: 2751: 2668:

Thefts, robberies, shootings and killings became more frequent. The rolling stock was very often painted with graffiti or vandalized both inside and outside. As the

1603:; the Nassau Street Line was to connect to the Brooklyn Bridge, but never did. The connections to the other two bridges were built, but with the 1967 opening of the 838:, the first phase of which opened on January 1, 2017. However, at the same time, under-investment in the subway system led to a transit crisis that peaked in 2017. 13932: 4847: 4678: 4634:

and residential growth, ridership on buses and subways grew 3.1% up to about 2.37 billion trips a year compared to 2007. This is the highest ridership since 1965.

4455: 4145: 4141: 3820: 2483:

trains at Parsons Boulevard, and no storage facilities were provided at the station. Therefore, the line was going to be extended to 184th Place with a station at

1841: 1619: 1452:, with a connection running from the Third Avenue local tracks at Third Avenue and 149th Street to Westchester Avenue and Eagle Avenue. Once the connection to the 1221:

on February 17. The BRT gained control a month later, on March 25, and leased the elevated company to the Brooklyn Heights Railroad, which was until then solely a

1015:

which caused investors to withdraw support. After the project was shut down, the tunnel entrance was sealed, and the station, built in part of the basement of the

750: 15322: 3288:. There were about 250 felonies (equivalent to 13,000 per year) occurring in the system every week by September 1979; some police officers had to stop patrolling 15727: 15408: 4705: 4416: 4353: 4043: 3969: 2392:

cars were the first equipment to be equipped with two-way radio as delivered standard equipment in 1965, with the first use of radio in the subway system on the

1565: 785: 4292:, three buildings in storage yards, and one tunnel. The MTA supported the listing, which would increase the agency's chances of receiving more federal funding. 3565:

verification devices. To provide better access control, the NYCTA experimented with floor-to-ceiling gates and "high wheel" turnstiles. Prototypes installed at

15497: 13600: 4561: 4389: 4345: 4066: 3116: 2906:

As graffiti became associated with crime, many demanded that the government take a more serious stance toward it, particularly after the popularization of the

2456:

in 1958. Both of these lines were rehabilitations of existing railroad rights-of-way rather than new construction. The former line was the City portion of the

2275:) have been constructed with up to 14 more planned. The city's subway construction costs are the highest in the world, which has slowed the pace of expansion. 1845: 172: 2685:

Rehabilitation started in the 1980s as part of a $ 18 billion financing program. Between 1985 and 1991 over 3,000 subway cars were overhauled and fitted with

16957: 15470: 12753: 12201: 4385: 4155: 4120: 1393: 12305: 5055:

Originally budgeted at $ 400 million, the new South Ferry station opened in 2009 at a total of $ 530 million, with most of the money being a grant from the

2758:. Even before the express platforms were added, this station was the busiest on the line. Construction on the express station had begun on August 10, 1959. 2105:. Two years later, on December 15, 1940, local service was begun along the entire IND Sixth Avenue line, including its core part through Midtown Manhattan. 1639:

which were designed after studies were conducted on the design and operation of a subway car that could carry the most passengers the most efficiently. The

17729: 14676: 13209: 11604:

Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The 1980 "Train to the Plane" TV Commercial, from the Transit Museum Archives, New York, N.Y., 1980. Retrieved from

10192: 8440:"New Queens Subway Service Will Be Launched Tonight; Tunnel From Manhattan Open to Jackson Heights; Service Will Eventually Be Extended Through To Jamaica" 6207: 5686: 5522: 5439: 4944: 4698: 4694: 4577: 4503: 4349: 3691: 3360: 2484: 18146: 11398: 1855:

The new portion of the Lexington Avenue Line from Grand Central to 125th Street opened on July 17, 1918. Until the evening of August 1, 1918, it ran as a

1783:

Several provisions were imposed on the companies: the fare was limited to five cents, and this led to financial troubles for the two companies after post-

1341:

A contract, later known as Contract 1, was executed on February 21, 1900, between the commission and the Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by

16674: 5393: 4690: 4597: 4253: 3787: 3016: 3015:

The subway had been gradually neglected since the 1940s, and its situation had been exacerbated by the low fare. On May 20, 1970, two people died at the

2747: 2033: 1902:

debt), denied building permits so that some major building work lasted longer than planned, and even refused to build a new subway yard for the BRT. The

1438: 1434: 1389: 1382: 15121: 14428: 13547: 10561: 6331: 2472:

island and two branches on a peninsula that is only several city blocks wide. For a time, the IND Rockaway Line was considered its own subway division.

2024:. The new subway line's construction required the suspension of streetcars on the avenue. The city, wanting to save money by not having to underpin the 18409: 18399: 17464: 15549: 12892: 10335: 9340: 8647: 8259: 8006: 5122:

on June 28, 2017, where contestants could submit ideas to improve signals, communications infrastructure, or rolling stock. On July 25, 2017, Chairman

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The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the

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on the B Division and R26s on the A Division) were retrofitted with air conditioning. The red tag areas were incrementally repaired and replaced with

3311:

additional transit police; putting a subway-crimes court in the Times Square station; and stationing a police officer in each car during night hours.

3246:

drastically in the last week of 1978, and six murders occurred in the first two months of 1979, compared to nine during the entire previous year. The

18404: 17333: 16545: 14890: 14476: 12063: 12006: 8170: 7328: 6251: 14238: 13037: 10230: 8830: 7973: 6547: 2610: 2536:

The originally planned IND system was built to the completion of its original plans after World War II ended, but the system then entered an era of

18740: 18578: 17385: 16180: 13577: 12229: 7557: 7368: 5741: 5386: 4925: 4823: 3274: 2453: 2380:

was favored at one point. On June 15, 1953, the NYCTA was founded with the aim of ensuring a cost-covering and efficient operation in the subways.

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launched a study at the behest of engineer Daniel L. Turner to determine what improvements were needed in the city's public transport system. The

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Bratton, William and P. Knobler. Ch. 9. In The Turnaround: How America's Top Cop Reversed the Crime Epidemic. Random House, New York, N.Y., 1998.

10937: 8810: 5776: 4357: 4171: 2256: 1879:

of 1910 and 1920. People were allowed to move to better parts at the same cost and could have a better and more comfortable life in the suburbs.

1473:. When the IRT extension to Brooklyn opened, riders on the BRT's elevated and trolley lines over the Brooklyn Bridge began using the new subway. 56: 18239: 17087: 10973: 9304: 7853: 7474:"The Remarkable Story of the Opening and Growth of the World's Greatest and Most Efficient Transportation System Ten Years of the Subway (1914)" 5256:

announced a plan to increase police presence within the subway system. Amid an increase in violent crimes in the subway system, Hochul deployed

1360:

Ground was broken in a ceremony at City Hall on March 24, celebrated at the time as "Tunnel Day". A plan for an extension from City Hall to the

18620: 18440: 17794: 17163: 15205: 14838: 9134: 7771: 5410: 3063: 14864: 14558: 12548: 11883: 4966:

Hurricane Sandy also damaged the Clark Street Tubes, necessitating a full closure on weekends between June 2017 and June 2018, thus affecting

18520: 15904: 13662: 12996: 12694: 12649: 11443: 10148: 6401: 4127:

In December 1988, three transfers were opened between existing stations, and three brand-new stations were opened. The transfer points were:

1373:

in Manhattan on November 8, 1902. Belmont incorporated the IRT in April 1902 as the operating company for both contracts; the IRT leased the

1173: 16983: 13339: 12944: 12202:

U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (April 2002).

6529: 5486:

June 30, 1978: Three people were injured when an L train derailed, with nine of the cars leaving the track, damaging the track and platform.

972:

were built to various beaches in the southern part of the county; all but one (the Manhattan Beach Line) eventually fell under BMT control.

19049: 18430: 16640: 15383:"The New York City MTA sparked backlash for saying it removed benches from subway stations to 'prevent the homeless from sleeping on them'" 8971: 4028: 3281:

officer, and the additional fare was paid on board. This was discontinued in 1990 due to low ridership and the high cost of its operation.

2479:

station on the IND Queens Boulevard Line provided an unsatisfactory terminal setup for a four track line, and this required the turning of

17491: 15001: 13313: 11849: 5465:

October 4, 1973: Three passengers were injured when a Lexington Avenue Express train derailed 900 feet south of the Bergen Street station.

16254: 12383: 10369: 10298: 10264: 8226: 6464: 6357: 5708: 5642: 5350: 5311: 4601: 4573: 4051: 3973: 3801: 3462: 2826:

Phase II came after Phase I and cost $ 1.3 billion. Phase II was composed of mostly extensions of existing lines and Phase I-built lines.

2047: 1151: 15609: 12517: 3993:

Adding signals to the Queens Boulevard Line's express tracks so that trains could operate in both directions, and adding 250 subway cars

18712: 18608: 18482: 18367: 18259: 18101: 15147: 13291: 5627: 4080: 3318: 1466: 769: 165: 13224: 8766: 8302: 6265: 5100:, W service, which had not run since 2010, was restored on November 7, 2016. On January 1, 2017, the Second Avenue Subway was opened. 18663: 16146: 14812: 14753: 12969: 6224: 5446: 4072: 4062: 3617: 3595: 3454: 2953: 2580: 2377: 1965: 1023:

dug into the old Beach tunnel; today, no part of this line remains as the tunnel was completely within the limits of the present day

17760: 11560: 11518: 11190: 10120: 4431:

run adjacent to the World Trade Center and there were concerns that train movements could cause unsafe settling of the debris pile.

3242:

the press. Due to another crime increase in the subway, the rear cars of subway consists were shut at night beginning in July 1974.

937:

Avenues. None of these structures remain today, but these lines later shared trackage with subway trains as part of the IRT system.

18613: 15810: 15696: 15382: 13962: 13183: 12839: 11466: 10881: 10500: 9289:

http://www.laguardiawagnerarchive.lagcc.cuny.edu/pages/FileBrowser.aspx?LinkToFile=FILES_DOC/WAGNER_FILES/06.021.0058.060284.11.PDF

6733: 6640: 5667:

station in Brooklyn, injuring more than 80 people. Officials said the third car jumped off the track, pulling the second car along.

4884: 4724:. The MTA claimed that the new station saved four to six minutes of a passenger's trip time and increased the peak capacity of the 4616:

With many parts of the system approaching or exceeding 100 years of age, general deterioration can be seen in many subway stations.

4593: 4058: 3602:

Ridership increased 4% between 1978 and 1979, mainly because of the improving economy. Numerous improvements were touted in a 1979

3566: 3466: 2476: 2457: 2220: 2006: 1177: 16570: 12668: 11676: 10595: 5764:

Other accidents in the history of the subway do not involve trains; several people have been fatally electrocuted by the subway's

18855: 16872: 13815: 11920: 11733: 6444: 5796: 5675: 5368: 4522: 4135: 3833:

B train service would run all day from Coney Island to 168th Street, instead of terminating at 57th Street during non-peak hours.

2544:, but money from this issue was used for other priorities and the building of short connector lines, namely a ramp extending the 2213: 2179: 1749: 1713: 1462: 1312: 754: 16518: 15090: 11292: 7224: 19001: 18953: 18435: 18211: 15879:"MTA unveils $ 68.4 billion capital plan to modernize NYC transit – but funding questions amid congestion pricing pause remain" 14728: 14081: 13985: 13161: 12203: 5664: 4986:

for ten months to rebuild two of the line's viaducts, the 310-foot-long (94 m) approaches to the line's junction with the

4917: 4545: 3352: 2584: 2328:

Despite the unification, a distinction between the three systems survives in the service labels: IRT lines (now referred to as

18318: 18244: 18161: 18121: 17176: 15064: 14358: 12243: 8850: 5235:

the benches amounts to disenfranchising disabled people and senior citizens, as well as being unfair to homeless populations.

2727:

1959. All Broadway trains were locals, and all Lenox Avenue trains were expresses, eliminating the need to switch tracks. All

2587:

could theoretically raise $ 1.25 billion effective immediately (equivalent to $ 14,217,000,000 in 2023). In his 1974 book

2137:. Construction of the line resumed in 1972 but was ended during the 1975 fiscal crisis, and work was again restarted in 2007. 1214:, is the oldest existing piece of rapid transit right-of-way in New York City and in the U.S., having opened on June 8, 1864. 1019:, was reclaimed for other uses. The entire building was lost to fire in 1898. In 1912, workers excavating for the present-day 18911: 18383: 18219: 17811: 17599: 17539: 17061: 16700: 15265: 13766: 13518: 13489: 13350: 12624: 12358: 11381: 11352: 11256: 9723: 9546: 8631: 8511: 8365: 8330: 6612: 6290: 6015: 5967: 5942: 5917: 5891: 5866: 5828: 5697: 5616: 5286: 5280:

fare-payment system was implemented across the subway between 2019 and 2020, The MTA announced in 2022 that it would install

5205: 4682: 4585: 4569: 3772: 3059: 2792: 2703:, formed in 1979, patrolled in the subway trains. In the 1990s, the crime in the city and its subway declined significantly. 2695: 2489: 2134: 2021: 1998: 1652: 1378: 746: 158: 146: 17411: 16752: 13929:"Bloomberg Takes Inaugural Ride on 7 Train Extension to Far West Side – Hell's Kitchen & Clinton – DNAinfo.com New York" 13456: 12090: 12029: 8114: 3964: 2074:

trains taking over the local during rush hours. The initial headway for express service was between three and five minutes.

18668: 16850: 16231: 16078: 14324: 13723: 13402: 12783: 12417: 12169: 11957: 10759: 10469: 10403: 5726: 5379: 5093: 4432: 4337: 4285: 3695: 3399: 3212: 3120: 3071: 2409: 2248: 2037: 1837: 1821: 1300: 1280: 918: 820: 17227: 13428: 11653:

Kelling, George L., and J. Q. Wilson. Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety. In Atlantic Monthly, March 1982.

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were badly damaged and had to be rebuilt. Service was immediately suspended south of Chambers Street and then cut back to

2372:

Ridership skyrocketed during the late 1940s, and on December 23, 1946, the system-wide record of 8,872,249 fares was set.

17199: 14011: 13789: 12135: 11152: 10444: 10436: 5239:

annual total in 25 years. During the pandemic, the subway system experienced several high-profile incidents, including a

5197: 5156: 5097: 5068: 4866:

full-time. Construction headways on eleven routes were lengthened, and off-peak service on seven routes were lengthened.

4404: 4274: 4003: 3863:; adding premium-fee express services; closing 10% of stations; and doubling off-peak services. The RPA also suggested: 3387: 3270: 2548:

over the ex-BMT Culver Line at Ditmas and McDonald Avenues in Brooklyn (1954), allowing IND subway service to operate to

2244: 2109: 84: 16313:"6 Hurt in Subway at 1918 Disaster Site; Six Hurt in Subway Derailment At Site of '18 Malbpne St. Wreck Firemen Praised" 14506: 14272: 5078:

The 7 Subway Extension originally was expected to open in 2014, but did not open until September 13, 2015. According to

5021:(1,400 kg) waterproof doors and curtains were installed in 24 Lower Manhattan locations at a cost of $ 30,000 each. 3671:

Starting in the early 1970s, there were plans for improving the subway system. In 1976, the MTA proposed abandoning the

3127:—were proposed for closure and abandonment in 1981. Other lines proposed for closure included the remaining part of the 3079:

cosmetic improvements, the public still assumed that the subway had high crime, even during periods of decreased crime.

18735: 18625: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18470: 18338: 18333: 18176: 18151: 18141: 17969: 17920: 17787: 17691: 17639: 17358: 16493: 16468: 16443: 13849: 13030:"MTA | Press Release | NYC Transit | A Service Returns to the Rockaways Easing Commuting Concerns for 30,000 Customers" 12279: 8915: 7803: 6959: 6815: 6788: 6148: 5586: 5307: 5227: 5221: 5072: 5010: 4507: 4341: 4330: 4175: 3321:

published a study showing this trend, fearing the frequent robberies and generally bad circumstances. As a result, the

2678: 2620:

Soon after, the city entered a fiscal crisis. Closures of elevated lines continued. These closures included the entire

2113: 2098: 2059: 1249: 1248:

By 1900, The BRT had acquired virtually all of the rapid transit and streetcar operations in its target area. Only the

824: 773: 131: 16933:"Hero MTA train operator dies trying to evacuate commuters from Harlem subway fire, at least nine others hospitalized" 16418: 16287: 15719: 8863: 6608: 5722:

when a homeless man clamped wooden planks onto the roadbed causing the train to derail. Three passengers were injured.

5096:

station in lower Manhattan. It was controversially funded as part of the post-9/11 rebuilding project. As part of the

4959:, was fixed during a series of weekend closures in 2013 and a full closure during summer 2014. The second tunnel, the 4818:

was made a full-time local in Manhattan (in contrast to being a weekend local/weekday express before 2010), while the

3528: 1121: 18948: 18745: 18694: 18689: 18684: 18477: 18465: 17660: 17620: 17146: 16778: 16597: 16312: 14167: 10018: 9078: 7755: 7635: 6183: 5719: 5558: 5490: 5469: 5428: 5421: 5109: 4932:

heavily damaged, leaving it essentially isolated from the rest of the system. This required the NYCTA to truck in 20

4863: 4095: 3776: 3746: 3446: 2540:

in which infrastructure was allowed to deteriorate. In 1951 a half-billion dollar bond issue was passed to build the

2333: 2329: 2051: 1667: 1577: 1573: 1533: 1217:

On January 30, 1899, the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad was incorporated; it acquired the property of the bankrupt

797: 789: 141: 8590:"Trial Run to Jamaica on Subway Tomorrow: Section From Kew Gardens to 169th Street Will Open to Public in Two Weeks" 3648:. At the end of the century, the MDBF rates for the entire system were at record highs and steadily increasing. The 2722:

Under a $ 100 million rebuilding program, increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the

2388:

were installed because the station extensions were curved. Also in this period, the BMT replaced their signals. The

2219:

After the IND Sixth Avenue Line was completed, only 28 new stations were built. Five stations were on the abandoned

18755: 18343: 18313: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18201: 18196: 18191: 18186: 18181: 18171: 18166: 18156: 18131: 18126: 18116: 18111: 18096: 18072: 18058: 18051: 18020: 17985: 17981: 17962: 17955: 17948: 17941: 17934: 17927: 17913: 17906: 17899: 17892: 17885: 17878: 17871: 17864: 17857: 17850: 17843: 17836: 17829: 17822: 15655: 13874: 12586: 9199: 7034: 5989: 5784: 5780: 5737: 5715: 5693: 5682: 5671: 5660: 5649: 5638: 5634: 5623: 5612: 5601: 5594: 5590: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5554: 5547: 5518: 5504: 5497: 5480: 5417: 5244: 5160: 5147: 5143: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4937: 4859: 4831: 4827: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4735:. Most New Yorkers regarded these plans with cynicism, since citizens were promised the line since well before the 4686: 4674: 4670: 4565: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4533: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4471: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4412: 4400: 4381: 4377: 4365: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4011: 3827: 3768: 3753: 3742: 3574: 3442: 3348: 3259: 3124: 2433: 2082:

on August 28, 1939. Upon its extension into Jamaica, the line drew Manhattan-bound passengers away from the nearby

2042: 1663: 1202: 16898: 16726: 15575: 15523: 15288: 13379: 12814: 12761: 11595:

Rivera, Joseph. Vandal Squad – Inside the New York City Transit Police Department 1984–2004. Brooklyn, N.Y., 2008.

9287:"New York City Transit Authority: Facts & Figures 1979", New York City Transit Authority, 1979., pg. 17 (PDF) 9272: 4747:(S3) by the MTA on March 20, 2007. This followed preliminary engineering and a final tunnel design completed by a 3425:

Ironically, the Program for Action forced the closure of a large number of subway lines. The Bronx remnant of the

3045:, had cracked trucks, and were only allowed to operate during rush hours while they were sent for rehabilitation. 18545: 14298: 14144: 9997: 9305:"PLATFORMS ADDED AT 32 IRT STATIONS; City Pays Out $ 13,327,000 in Lengthening Local Stops to Take 10-Car Trains" 9117: 6335: 5493:

train derailed south of 59th Street Columbus Circle crashing into the tunnel wall, injuring 16 of 100 passengers.

5364: 4782: 4214: 4206: 4091: 3478: 3474: 3450: 3438: 3297: 2669: 2264: 2185: 2102: 1969: 1816: 1521: 1054: 891: 742: 17726: 15628: 13258: 12204:"EFFECTS OF CATASTROPHIC EVENTS ON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS: NEW YORK CITY- SEPTEMBER 11" 6204: 4241:

car classes all were retired with the deliveries of the R62/As and R68/As. On May 10, 1989, the last train with

2830:

The Program for Action also called for supplanting elevated structures with new subways. The eastern end of the

1820:

A poster informing the public about the new Interborough Subway Service between Brooklyn and Manhattan, via the

867:

since 1844, it had no underground subway stops. Construction of this tunnel, which was built mainly to create a

18750: 18555: 18328: 18323: 9569:

Report including analysis of operations of the New York City transit system for five years, ended June 30, 1945

8946: 6314: 5704: 5265: 5257: 5056: 4933: 4627: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4202: 4182:

express service was extended from weekdays only to all times except late nights. Discontinuous services on the

3641: 3637: 3633: 3364: 3185: 3181: 3067: 3042: 3038: 3008: 2740: 2736: 2397: 2389: 1688:

The expansion of rapid transit was greatly facilitated by the signing of the Dual Contracts on March 19, 1913.

1490: 1470: 1352: 1306: 1226: 765: 136: 15878: 15434: 14445: 14201: 11617:

Sims, Calvin. Despite Curbs, Fare Beating Is Surging Again in Subways. In the New York Times, August 16, 1991.

11273: 6420: 5963: 5938: 5913: 764:. By the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the 18916: 18379: 18293: 17780: 14421:"MTA | Press Release | MTA Headquarters | MTA Chairman Joseph Lhota Unveils New York City Subway Action Plan" 13059: 8447: 6747: 6091: 4103: 3947:

The BMT Jamaica Line between Crescent Street and 121st Street, due to low ridership and duplication by buses.

3761: 3683:

opened in Brooklyn, enabling the MTA to build track panels indoors throughout the year, among other objects.

3177:

The A Division's fleet of 2,637 cars had never been renovated, and MDBF rates were a quarter of that in 1970.

2999:. Note the single express track; the other express track was removed in the 1980s due to deferred maintenance 2553: 2413:

were completed. This project cost $ 3.891 million. The platform extensions at the Hoyt Street station on the

1856: 1024: 875: 126: 95: 80: 14865:"De Blasio unveils 'One New York' plan combining efforts to fight poverty, improve environment, add transit" 5212:

in Phases 3 and 4. The MTA began soliciting bids in July 2023 for the first Phase 2 construction contract.

1049:

Political cartoon critical of IRT service in 1905. The IRT is labeled as the "Interborough Rattled Transit".

968:(which originally had their own line and were later integrated into the BRT/BMT). Also in Kings County, six 18658: 18653: 15498:"NYC ends 2021 with uptick in violent crime in subways – assault and homicide numbers not seen in 25 years" 9043: 6277: 5543: 5462:

August 28, 1973: A 7 train was hit by falling concrete in the Steinway Tunnel, killing one and injuring 18.

4786: 3910:

via the lower level of the 63rd Street Line at a cost of $ 1.4 billion (to be completed in the early 2020s)

3020: 1309:(Fulton Street Line), acquired in November 1899 and merged into the Brooklyn Union Elevated on May 24, 1900 1161: 1075: 961: 856: 15844: 14920: 14898: 14649: 14592: 14384: 9115:

Observed Customer Seating and Standing Behaviors and Seat Preferences Onboard Subway Cars in New York City

8411:"TWO SUBWAY UNITS OPEN AT MIDNIGHT; Links in City-Owned System in Queens and Brooklyn to Have 15 Stations" 7275: 18982: 18921: 18835: 18717: 14597: 11373: 10628: 9618: 8558: 8528:"PWA Party Views New Subway Link: Queens Section to Be Opened Tomorrow Is Inspected by Tuttle and Others" 7944: 7915: 7886: 7824: 7674: 7528: 7499: 7443: 7394: 5006: 4739:

was torn down in 1955. Funds have been set aside and environmental impact reports have been completed. A

3458: 1402: 805: 16390: 16009: 15172: 14754:"Split decision: MTA must again separate R-train service between Bklyn and Manhattan, local pols demand" 13101: 9853: 9649: 9474: 9367: 8709: 8680: 8589: 8527: 8410: 8039: 6805: 6065: 5060:

new station, a transfer was available to the Whitehall Street station with a new connecting passageway.

4514:

skip-stop service was suspended at this time. Normal service on all seven trains resumed on October 28.

2356:

in Queens which had formerly been dual-operated with normal IRT trains and special narrow BMT shuttles.

1696:. The majority of the present-day subway system was either built or improved under these contracts. The 1184:, opened for passenger service on October 9, 1863, between Fifth Avenue at 36th Street at the border of 18895: 18583: 18550: 15750: 13089: 12402: 9828: 9763: 6831: 6669: 5315: 4835: 4459: 3848: 3783: 3144: 2565: 2252: 2075: 1604: 1294: 1218: 1067: 1000:

and his Beach Pneumatic Transit Company of New York began constructing a pneumatic subway line beneath

749:(MTA) of New York. In 2016, an average of 5.66 million passengers used the system daily, making it the 18249: 17011:"Manhattan subway train derails after laughing saboteur throws metal clamps on tracks: police sources" 14138:"GENERAL DISTRIBUTION – SUB-DIVISION B – TRAIN OPERATOR/CONDUCTOR – ROAD & NON-ROAD WORK PROGRAMS" 13510: 7016: 6587: 4521:, which was overcrowded before the attacks and at crush density until the BMT Broadway Line reopened. 4116: 3922:

The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line from 215th Street to 242nd Street, which was duplicated by buses.

2464:. While the latter is a long and substantial line, it consists mostly of a long right-of-way crossing 1964:

branch lines, was entirely underground in the four boroughs that it served, with the exception of the

1897:

was a strong advocate of public operation of the subway. He was fired from the BRT after working as a

19024: 18487: 18136: 14701: 14623: 14602: 6683: 5567:

December 21, 1994: A bomb made by Edward Leary detonated in a subway car, injuring him and 47 others.

4843: 4666: 4518: 4436: 4288:. The nomination encompassed 48 stations, 11 electrical substations, six signal towers, four station 4047: 3988: 3925:

The IRT White Plains Road Line from East 180th Street to 241st Street, which was duplicated by buses.

3884: 3844: 3709: 3609: 3247: 3207: 3099:

Due to low ridership and the increasing shabbiness of the subway, parts or most of several lines—the

2890: 2864: 2625: 2561: 2418: 2393: 1961: 1937: 1888: 1797: 1569: 1425: 1374: 1165: 941: 777: 17652:

The race underground: Boston, New York, and the incredible rivalry that built America's first subway

13689: 11832: 11635:

Sims, Calvin. Fare Beaters in Subway Pay in the End, in Sweat. In New York Times, February 18, 1991.

11135: 11100: 11052: 11021: 10864: 10742: 10707: 10676: 9680: 9423:"TA's New Line To Rockaways Begins Today: Fifty Piece Band To Play as Special Train Makes First Run" 9145: 5768:, and yet others have been fatally pushed onto the tracks. Fatal pushing incidents include the 2022 5459:

July 16, 1971: A fire took place south of 14th Street on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, injuring 11.

4891: 2009:(now World Trade Center), opened simultaneously at one minute after midnight on September 10, 1932. 18943: 17550: 17113: 12556: 11150: 9093: 8788: 7627: 7250: 6882: 5119: 4731:

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, talk began to circulate about taking up the construction of the

4631: 4329:

service was suspended from 10:20am to 12:48pm. Immediately after the attacks and more so after the

4084: 3727: 3591: 3003: 2711:

In 1956, the NYCTA chairman, Charles Patterson, proposed removing the seats from the trains on the

2414: 2260: 1611: 1370: 1276: 1272: 1060: 18224: 13127: 12698: 11451: 7308: 6485: 6118: 5092:

building opened to the public on November 10, 2014, completing a decade-long refurbishment of the

1481: 19019: 18860: 18760: 18643: 18298: 18106: 18065: 17998: 15348: 13354: 11327: 11223: 10086: 7652: 5801: 5749: 5375: 4537: 4076: 3672: 3649: 3557:

TA's queuing studies concluded that purchasing tokens from clerks was not efficient. Preventing '

2941: 1169: 1107: 1087: 1079: 989: 871: 714: 16958:"'Hero' Train Conductor Dead, 16 Hurt in NYC Subway Fire; Blaze Probed as Suspicious: Officials" 9854:"Seatless I.R.T. Shuttle Trains Proposed by Transit Board Head; SHUTTLE MAY RUN SEATLESS TRAINS" 8979: 5700:. The derailment, caused by improperly secured replacement rails, resulted in 39 minor injuries. 5582:

station. Seven people on the B train were injured, and the motorman of the M train was culpable.

3409:

On April 2, 1995, the New York City Police Department and the Transit Police Department merged.

3277:, where passengers could transfer to a shuttle bus to JFK Airport. The service was staffed by a 2855:

proven difficult. The subway's decline began in the 1960s and continued through the late 1980s.

2212:

throughout, the IND system tripled the city's rapid transit debt, contributing to the demise of

12332: 10081: 9259:

How We Got to Coney Island: The Development of Mass Transportation in Brooklyn and Kings County

9177: 4983: 4960: 4851: 4529: 4463: 4428: 4179: 3907: 3723: 3482: 3403: 3232: 3148: 3108: 2835: 2660: 2649: 2637: 2629: 2317: 2305: 2288: 2130: 1994: 1932: 1860: 1757: 1636: 1623: 1588: 1445: 1288: 1240: 957: 945: 926: 914: 864: 14813:"MTA Is No Longer In A "State of Emergency," But Cuomo Seeks Greater Control Of Top Positions" 13755: 13633: 13190:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2013. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013 12865: 8621: 8501: 7340: 6468: 4936:

subway cars to the line to provide some interim service, which was temporarily designated the

4284:

In 1998, a large portion of the New York City Subway system was nominated for addition to the

1424:

The original plan had been to turn east on 230th Street to just west of Bailey Avenue, at the

1176:. The BRT took over the property of a number of surface railroads, the earliest of which, the 18996: 18992: 18800: 18003: 17670: 17309: 17285: 14952: 14790: 12619: 12525: 10942: 8357: 8089: 5753: 5281: 5261: 5185: 5063: 4909: 4839: 4794: 4736: 4728:

service to 24 trains per hour, as opposed to 16 to 17 trains per hour with the loop station.

4716:

are required, and as a result the new station was built as a two-track, full (10-car)-length

3878: 3852: 3703: 3604: 3516: 3426: 3323: 2907: 2839: 2621: 2598: 2573: 2461: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2228: 2087: 2025: 2013: 1949: 1898: 1864: 1453: 1449: 1392:

on November 12, 1904. The West Side Branch was extended northward to a temporary terminus of

1361: 953: 949: 934: 930: 913:(Manhattan Island and part of the Bronx), Kings County (including the cities of Brooklyn and 898:, was closed by 1861. The tunnel was reopened for tourism in 1982, and closed again in 2010. 895: 887: 879: 761: 17436: 10692:

Edmonds, Richard (January 25, 1981). "Source for all the bullets: Can We Save Our Subways".

9174:"Mayor Bloomberg and Governor Spitzer Announce Start of Construction on #7 Subway Extension" 8227:"Topics of The Times; They Meet Again For Sweeter Uses Many Car Dwellers Young Labor Unions" 5163:

in half to increase reliability. In January 2020, Stringer sent a letter to NYCTA president

4904:

On October 28, 2012, a full closure of the subway was ordered the day before the arrival of

3660: 3262:

train during the night. By February 1980, there were 220 Guardian Angels across the system.

1256:

remained independent; the former was acquired in 1913 or 1914. The incorporated lines were:

18875: 18870: 18648: 18603: 18588: 18234: 17803: 17716:: A thorough treatment of the current system and history, including historic and track maps 17260: 14729:"Brooklyn officials' idea: Speed up Bay Ridge commutes by cutting the R train route in two" 13481: 11701:

Strom, Stephanie. Cheats Outfox New Turnstile For Subways. In New York Times, May 16, 1991.

11493: 9895: 8743: 8469: 7205: 7184: 7163: 7142: 7121: 7100: 7076: 7055: 6998: 6977: 6938: 6917: 6896: 6565: 5769: 5357: 5341: 5240: 4732: 4673:

train was rerouted via the 63rd Street Line, and to replace the F along 53rd Street, a new

4662: 4326: 4322: 4308: 4249: 3997: 3984: 3868: 3856: 3430: 3269:", a premium-fare service that provided limited stops along Sixth Avenue in Manhattan from 3238: 3136: 2929: 2843: 2808: 2786: 2771: 2606: 2541: 2537: 2445: 2272: 2224: 2190: 1903: 1777: 1728:

As part of the contracts, the two companies were to share lines in Queens: a short line to

1207: 1189: 1091: 1016: 1001: 835: 812: 706: 116: 104: 5564:

August 15, 1994: A southbound B train derailed near Ninth Avenue in Brooklyn, injuring 11.

4943:

Several of the system's tunnels under the East River were flooded by the storm surge. The

4364:. After the flood was cleaned up, express service was able to resume on September 17 with 3561:' use required sophisticated measures like tokens with metal alloy centers and electronic 8: 18785: 17993: 17036:"Arrest made in subway derailment caused by train striking debris on tracks in Manhattan" 16816: 13905: 13433: 12917: 11779: 9399: 5536: 4642: 4415:

train continued to make local stops in Manhattan and service between Chambers Street and

4317:

Closings and cancellations following the September 11 attacks § New York City Subway

3586: 3406:. In 1993, crime rates in the subway dropped, part of a larger decrease across the city. 3088: 3054: 3030: 3025: 2712: 2236: 1935:. After the city acquired the BMT and IRT in 1940, the Independent lines were dubbed the 1872: 1793: 1656: 1600: 1512: 1504: 1496: 1193: 1185: 1113: 922: 33: 16675:"THE SUBWAY FIREBOMB: THE OVERVIEW; Firebomb Ignites in Subway Car, Hurting at Least 40" 15688: 14650:"NYC Subway Boss Says Things Are Getting Better, Commuters Disagree « CBS New York" 7381: 7352: 7302: 6860: 6648: 4637:

By 2013, ridership had reached 1.7 billion riders per year (despite closures related to

3417: 3011:, the newest cars in the system in 1976, broke down the most due to their cracked trucks 1768:

to Manhattan. Technically the line was under IRT ownership, but the BRT/BMT was granted

1045: 18986: 18880: 18598: 18593: 18353: 18348: 17754: 17204: 14038:"More Delays and Rising Cost for Project Connecting L.I.R.R. to Grand Central Terminal" 12672: 12591: 11673: 11565: 11537: 11425: 11416:

Brooks, Michael (1998). "Stories and Verdicts: Bernhard Goetz and New York in Crisis".

10933: 9975: 9657: 9626: 9482: 9375: 9030: 8835: 8815: 8597: 8566: 8535: 8203: 8175: 8147: 8119: 7765: 7744: 6188: 5080: 4774: 4766: 4756: 4467: 4107: 3932: 3216: 3112: 3104: 3075: 2996: 2937: 2816: 2779: 2641: 2602: 2460:, an electrified commuter line closed in 1937, and the latter a line obtained from the 2404: 2343:

The interior of an IRT Third Avenue Line car before the line's demolition in the 1950s.

2268: 2094: 2063: 1953: 1894: 1806: 1796:. The system was changed from a "Z" system to an "H" system. The first trunk line, the 1765: 1692:

was signed between the IRT and the city; the contract between the BRT and the city was

1627: 1584: 1418: 1211: 1095: 831: 17009:

Tracy, Thomas; Parascandola, Rocco; Parnell, Wes; Guse, Clayton (September 20, 2020).

12491: 12465: 12254: 9173: 7473: 6448: 4399:

After a few switching delays at 96th Street, service was changed on September 19. The

3931:

The IRT Jerome Avenue Line from 167th Street to Woodlawn, which was paralleled by the

2991: 18308: 17687: 17656: 17635: 17616: 17595: 17535: 17530:

Under the Sidewalks of New York: The Story of the Greatest Subway System in the World

17528: 17142: 16906: 16786: 16648: 16605: 16262: 16187: 16154: 16120: 16086: 15852: 15818: 15758: 15663: 15636: 15583: 15442: 15356: 15296: 15180: 15098: 14566: 14392: 14332: 14246: 14209: 14175: 13823: 13697: 13608: 13232: 13203: 13004: 12223: 12177: 12143: 12098: 12037: 11965: 11928: 11891: 11857: 11741: 11377: 11348: 11252: 11246: 10981: 10974:"65 Fare Considered in Talks on Coping With Subway Crime; More Transit Police Sought" 10820: 10767: 10603: 10569: 10532:"From Rescue to Renaissance: The Achievements of the MTA Capital Program 1982 – 2004" 10377: 10343: 10306: 10272: 10238: 10156: 10014: 9943: 9729: 9719: 9312: 8871: 8655: 8627: 8507: 8361: 8326: 8267: 8234: 8014: 7981: 7861: 7799: 7751: 7631: 7565: 7228: 6811: 6810:. The Johns Hopkins University Press; First Edition (September 1, 1995). p. 59. 6784: 6709: 5821: 5529: 5508: 5403: 5189: 5029: 5025: 4995: 4948: 4921: 4896: 4887:

closed between March 16, 2009, and April 4, 2013. It closed permanently in June 2017.

4855: 4778: 4658: 4424: 4245:

was taken out of service; the subway has been mostly graffiti-free since this point.

4007: 3954: 3941:

The IND Culver Line south of Avenue U, due to low ridership and duplication by buses.

3890: 3860: 3839:

A new shuttle service, named H, would run between 57th Street and World Trade Center.

3791: 3757: 3719: 3713: 3699: 3551: 3512: 3508: 3329: 3140: 3132: 3100: 2812: 2633: 2557: 2488:

than expected and opened on December 11, 1950. This extension was delayed due to the

2449: 2440:, opened in 1956 as one of two major expansions of the system in the mid-20th century 2437: 2240: 2232: 2157: 2002: 1981: 1908: 1810: 1761: 1745: 1701: 1398: 1365: 1260: 1197: 1181: 1020: 906: 17749: 17591:

Tunneling to the Future: The Story of the Great Subway Expansion That Saved New York

13153: 12207: 8738: 8710:"ELY SUBWAY STOP TO OPEN; Queens Station on City-Owned Line Begins Service Tomorrow" 8007:"OPEN CLARK STREET LINE.; New Route Doubles Subway Service Between the Two Boroughs" 7796:

Tunneling to the Future: The Story of the Great Subway Expansion that Saved New York

7419: 6038:"(New York City) Subways (Facts and Figures under title of Annual Subway Ridership)" 5850:

Tunneling to the Future: The Story of the Great Subway Expansion That Saved New York

5756:

in Manhattan on September 11, 1905, resulting in 13 deaths and 48 serious injuries.

4879: 2524: 18885: 18303: 17231: 15905:"MTA proposes five-year capital plan wish list including replacing all subway cars" 14780: 12650:

First Construction Contract Signed for Second Avenue Subway; Work to Begin in April

10903: 9714: 9601: 9597: 9576: 9572: 8384: 8353: 6765: 5324: 5085: 4987: 4929: 4721: 4195: 4099: 3903: 3613: 3547: 3500: 3470: 3372: 3340: 3168:

of the fleet out of service, and the first two weeks had 500 canceled trips per day

3092: 3084: 2933: 2831: 2731:

trains began to run express south of 96th Street on that date running to Brooklyn.

2686: 2645: 2589: 2569: 2353: 2117: 2083: 1741: 1733: 1697: 1596: 1342: 997: 925:

were the initial mode of transportation on that railway). More lines were built on

894:, where passengers could catch ferries to Manhattan. This extension, running under 868: 722: 17254: 16984:"NYC Subway Service to Resume After Suspect Derails Train With Debris, Injuring 3" 14677:"MTA announces $ 51 billion plan to save the subway, treat NYC's transit sickness" 12134:

Rosenthal, Brian M.; Fitzsimmons, Emma G.; LaForgia, Michael (November 18, 2017).

6530:"Tunnel vision: how an obsessed explorer found and lost the world's oldest subway" 5392:

September 26, 1957: A motorman and three passengers were killed at an accident at

5084:, the delay in the extension's opening was due to the installation of custom-made 4407:

in Brooklyn (switching onto the express tracks at Chambers Street) to replace the

18936: 18795: 17733: 17650: 17610: 17589: 17578: 17555: 15997: 15689:"MTA: Every NYC Subway Station Now Equipped With OMNY Contactless Payment System" 15471:"A spate of horrific attacks in New York has people fearful of returning to work" 15409:"MTA Deletes Tweet Over Homeless Response After Pulling Benches From NYC Station" 14948:"Lawmakers: southern Queens commuters need a new railway more than the Queensway" 12656: 12390: 11680: 9505: 9121: 9050: 8648:"TRANSIT LINK OPEN TODAY; 8th Ave. Line Extended to Jamaica—Celebration Arranged" 8347: 8320: 7590: 7038: 6963: 6778: 6385: 6318: 6214:

Several maps showing changes in lower Manhattan from July 2001 to September 2002.

6211: 5453: 5209: 5043: 4952: 4905: 4717: 4638: 4148:

stations (now known as Court Square and Court Square – 23rd Street, respectively)

4015: 3519:

caused a months-long service disruption between November 1976 and February 1977.

3504: 3314: 3307: 3289: 3285: 3255: 3128: 3037:

lows, as the MDBF rate system-wide was 6,000 miles by 1980. In 1979, 200 retired

2700: 2545: 2529: 2209: 2079: 1957: 1769: 1753: 1729: 1592: 1230: 965: 910: 883: 793: 788:

were built between the IND and BMT, which now operate as one division called the

15720:"'It's OMNY time': MTA wraps up installation of contactless fare payment system" 14891:"How About A Subway Linking Brooklyn, Queens & The Bronx WITHOUT Manhattan?" 13184:"mta.info – R Service affected by 14 month closure of Montague Under River Tube" 12791: 8767:"A New Subway Line for New York City, The Triborough System: Its History (1910)" 3465:

routes. On December 15, 1976, GG service at the other terminal was shortened to

3066:

was the worst elevated station. The subway cars in the worst condition were the

2959:

In April 1975 it was planned that all rush hour 1 trains would begin running to

2283: 1859:

on the local tracks only, terminating at 42nd Street and at 167th Street on the

1828:

On June 3, 1917, the first portion of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line south of

1090:. This new plan, formally adopted on January 14, 1897, consisted of a line from 18830: 18825: 18820: 18562: 18288: 18229: 17744: 17441: 15610:"New York will send National Guard to subways after a string of violent crimes" 11514: 9061: 9005:"Second Avenue El by Alexander Nobler Cohen -The Third Rail Online – July 2001" 7704: 7364: 7324: 6625: 5321:

Only accidents that caused injuries, deaths, or significant damage are listed.

5176:

There are several lines under consideration. This includes a subway line under

5131: 4991: 4790: 4657:

Several expansions started construction or were opened during the mayoralty of

3434: 3421:

The IRT Third Avenue Line in the Bronx was a casualty of the Program for Action

3336: 3278: 3220: 2980: 2428: 1993:

began operating their regular schedules ahead of time, and all stations of the

1973: 1737: 1679: 1648: 1508: 1346: 1134: 993: 969: 16899:"New York: man killed and at least a dozen hurt in subway fire, officials say" 15932: 15232:"NYC daily subway ridership falls by nearly 1 million amid coronavirus crisis" 14624:"The M.T.A. Says the Subway Is Getting Better. Here's Why You Haven't Noticed" 13083: 12466:"The Opening of the New 63 St Connector New Routes More Options Less Crowding" 11605: 11215: 11151:

Citizens Crime Commission of New York City; Regional Plan Association (1986).

10531: 7623:

A Century of Subways: Celebrating 100 Years of New York's Underground Railways

6037: 3284:

The increase of crime in the subway led to the firing of Transit Police Chief

3215:

and White Plains Road Lines were also proposed for closure, as was all of the

1086:

The Elm Street route was chosen later that year, cutting west to Broadway via

19043: 18890: 18815: 18790: 17738: 16910: 16790: 16652: 16609: 16494:"Two IRT Cars Leave Track In 3d Derailment in a Week; Safety Record Defended" 16337: 16266: 16191: 16158: 16124: 16090: 16038: 15856: 15822: 15762: 15667: 15640: 15587: 15446: 15360: 15300: 15184: 14570: 14396: 14336: 14250: 14213: 14179: 13827: 13701: 13612: 13236: 13008: 12181: 12147: 12102: 12041: 11969: 11932: 11895: 11861: 11745: 10985: 10947: 10824: 10793: 10771: 10607: 10573: 10381: 10347: 10310: 10276: 10242: 10160: 9316: 8875: 8659: 8503:

The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System

8271: 8238: 8018: 7985: 7865: 7569: 6713: 5276:

Several upgrades and improvements were announced in the early 2020s. The new

5089: 4956: 4748: 4278: 4270: 3944:

The entire IND Crosstown Line, due to low ridership and duplication by buses.

3543: 3495: 3445:, once a three-tracked line, closed on May 11, 1975. On August 27, 1976, the 2823:

Phase I was to cost $ 1.6 billion and be completed over the span of a decade.

2796: 2469: 1977: 1717: 1640: 1517: 1500: 1234: 1012: 980: 901:

The beginnings of the actual Subway came from various excursion railroads to

718: 710: 17708: 15524:"New York subway crime: What is perception, what is real, and how to fix it" 13570:"The L Train Shutdown: Here's How to Commute Between Brooklyn and Manhattan" 11814: 11722:, New York Division Electric Railroaders' Association, January 1987, page 5. 11117: 11082: 11046: 11042: 11015: 11011: 10846: 10724: 10701: 10697: 10658: 10185:"MTA | news | Twenty-Five Years Ago Today NYCT Subways Became Graffiti-Free" 8923: 6956: 6156: 5862: 4951:

reopened to provide temporary service. The first tunnel to be repaired, the

4252:

was opened. It was nicknamed the "tunnel to nowhere" due to its stub end at

4174:. Other service changes were implemented that day. Skip-stop service on the 3612:. As part of the Urban Mass Transit Act, $ 1.7 billion would be provided by 1066:

Planning for the system began with the Rapid Transit Act, authorized by the

886:), began in May 1844, and the tunnel was open by December 1844. This led to 18976: 18972: 18865: 18810: 16364: 14299:"These photos sum up just how bad New York's commuter nightmare has gotten" 13875:"Staten Island commuters counting down days until new subway station opens" 11992:, New York Division Electric Railroaders' Association, August 1989, page 1. 11310: 9004: 5597:

train after passing a red light at high speed, killing one and injuring 50.

5546:, five people were killed and more than 200 were injured when a southbound 5306:

Many train accidents have been recorded since 1918, when a train bound for

5249: 5177: 3680: 3391: 3380: 3356: 3251: 2899: 2877: 2800: 2614: 2549: 2493: 2417:

opened in November 1946, being completed for $ 733,200. Stations along the

2366: 2126: 1721: 1409:, meaning that 221st Street could be closed. Once the line was extended to 1126: 1099: 902: 15435:"Along a Subway Line's 31 Miles, Nagging Crime Fears Test Riders' Resolve" 14325:"M.T.A. Asks Transit Fans, 'Who Wants to Be a Subway-Saving Millionaire?'" 12893:"M.T.A. Chief Announces Storm Plan for Subways, Buses and Commuter Trains" 12866:"MTA/New York City Transit – NYC Transit 2010 Service Reduction Proposals" 11323: 9733: 8349:

The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System

7703:

Feinman, Mark; Darlington, Peggy; Pirmann, David; Brennan, Joseph (2012).

7341:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/1906_IRT_map_north.png

4762: 3041:

cars were reactivated because the newest rolling stock in the system, the

1948:

The original IND system, consisting of the Eighth Avenue mainline and the

1801:

Bronx, in addition to a new connection to the IRT White Plains Road Line.

18079: 15693:

CBS New York – Breaking News, Sports, Weather, Traffic And The Best of NY

15289:"N.Y.C.'s Subway, a 24/7 Mainstay, Will Close for Overnight Disinfection" 12443: 10059: 9709: 8922:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 19, 2002. Archived from 8623:

From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA

5201: 5164: 4913: 4669:

was first, opened on December 16, 2001. To serve the new connection, the

4517:

The only subway line running between Midtown and Lower Manhattan was the

4300: 3938:

The entire IND Rockaway Line south of Howard Beach, due to low ridership.

3809: 3645: 3625: 3558: 3266: 2594: 2517: 2465: 2165: 2150: 2121:

turnoff at 34th Street and a connection crosstown was postponed in 1931.

1784: 1644: 1269:(Coney Island Elevated), acquired in November 1897 and leased to the BHRR 940:

In Kings County, elevated railroads were built by several companies over

17612:

722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York

15629:"National Guard and State Police Will Patrol the Subways and Check Bags" 15576:"New York City Will Increase Police Presence in Subways to Combat Crime" 15550:"Surge in NYC Subway Crime Sets City on Edge: Breaking Down the Numbers" 13955:"Mayor Bloomberg gets ride on No. 7 subway line extension he championed" 13601:"L Train Will Shut Down From Manhattan to Brooklyn in '19 for 18 Months" 11429: 9571:. New York City: Board of Transportation of the City of New York. 1945. 9207: 9028:

B.M.T. 'El' Lines to Shift Service; City to Close 2 Sections This Week,

8559:"Subway Link Opens Soon: City Line to Jamaica Will Start About April 24" 7031: 6780:

722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York

4372:

and 14th Street, making local stops north of and express stops south of

3851:

outside of rush hours; giving reduced fares to city residents using the

3292:

crimes and look only for violent crimes. Among other problems included:

1532:

to power the trains, as do most transit railways around the world. (The

1160:

The BRT was incorporated on January 18, 1896. It took over the bankrupt

17772: 12280:"Cortlandt Street Station, Damaged on Sept. 11, Reopens 17 Years Later" 11340: 9475:"New Subway Unit Ready: Far Rockaway IND Terminal Will Be Opened Today" 7601:(1). New York Division, Electric Railroaders' Association. January 2005 7421:

Tracks of New York Number 3 Manhattan and Bronx Elevated Railroads 1920

6011: 5887: 5765: 5253: 5181: 5033: 4999: 4947:

station suffered serious water damage, and on April 4, 2013, the older

4713: 4289: 3894: 3883:

Building a subway line under Jewel Avenue in Queens, to branch off the

3562: 3429:

closed in 1973, to be provisionally replaced by a new subway under the

2916: 2512: 2385: 2339: 2201: 1942: 1529: 1138: 1103: 15148:"SEE IT: First-Ever Rendering Of 2nd Ave East Harlem Subway Extension" 13850:"MTA reveals new storm protection gear for vulnerable subway stations" 12306:"WTC Cortlandt Subway Station Reopens for 1st Time Since 9/11 Attacks" 10562:"Calls for Subway Service Cuts Rise as System Continues to Limp Along" 9114: 5336: 4814:). Several other routes were modified as a result of the deficit. The 4704:

In 2003, money was allocated for the construction of a new station at

4384:

trains made all stops in Manhattan (but bypassed all stations between

4069:

stations (done between South Ferry and Whitehall Street in March 2009)

3836:

AA service, which operated during non-rush hours, would be eliminated.

3363:

station in Manhattan, 15 to 20 other passengers remained with them in

2766: 2754:, and to allow transfers between the express trains and BMT trains to 1716:

was complex because the Contracts necessitated two different types of

18926: 16843:"MTA: Unsecure Rail Stored on Tracks Caused Harlem Subway Derailment" 15091:"MTA Capital Construction – Second Avenue Subway Project Description" 14894: 14785: 14781:"What's Stopping The MTA From Reopening Its Locked Subway Entrances?" 12757: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12574: 11159:. New York, NY, USA: Downtown Research & Development. p. 148 10213: 10191:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 12, 2014. Archived from 10041: 9971:"Subway Planners' Lofty Ambitions Are Buried as Dead-End Curiosities" 9258: 6702:"Subway Planners' Lofty Ambitions Are Buried as Dead-End Curiosities" 5123: 4697:

stations. The second one connected the Court Square station with the

4612: 3640:

fleets. Older equipment (any car classes with contract numbers below

3355:) carrying screwdrivers, apparently on a mission to steal money from 3344: 2663:

in Brooklyn was demolished. Pictured is the remaining portion in 1974

1544: 1356:

August 1904 announcement that construction on the subway was complete

1333: 734: 726: 15656:"Why National Guard troops are being deployed in New York's subways" 15349:"New York Region to Accelerate Reopening, Raising Hopes and Anxiety" 15258:"Subway Service Slowly Gets Back On Track As Transit Workers Return" 15173:"New York City to Close Schools, Restaurants and Bars: Live Updates" 13790:"The NYC Subway Is Still Getting Ready for the Next Hurricane Sandy" 13663:"Cuomo Cancels Full L Train Shutdown in Favor of Part-Time Closures" 9516:(6). New York Division, Electric Railroaders' Association. June 2006 6504: 6311: 5500:

train derailed as it entered Chambers Street injuring 16 passengers.

2842:

was to be demolished to make way for a subway route parallel to the

2216:

proposed before the first line of the first system was even opened.

75: 17177:"History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian" 16546:"MOTORMAN KILLED AND 135 INJURED IN AN IRT TRAIN CRASH IN BROOKLYN" 15845:"The N.Y.C. Subway Is No Longer Broke. Can It Buy Rider Happiness?" 15811:"New York's Subway System Vows to Be 95 Percent Accessible by 2055" 15029:"Re: Project Development Initiation – Second Avenue Subway Phase 2" 14449: 11006:

York, Marva (January 9, 1981). "TA cracks down on subway vandals".

7210: 7189: 7168: 7147: 7126: 7105: 7081: 7060: 7003: 6982: 6943: 6922: 6901: 6428: 6225:"New York will have to wait till spring for No. 7 subway extension" 5822:"Annual Information Statement 2001 Appendix A The Related Entities" 4242: 3830:

would terminate at Euclid Avenue, instead of serving the Rockaways.

3198:

of the B Division's fleet of 4,178 cars, and constantly broke down.

1708: 851: 730: 15321:

Slattery, Denis; Sommerfeldt, Chris; Guse, Clayton (May 3, 2021).

14239:"Subway Track Fire Sends 9 to Hospital and Snarls Morning Commute" 13403:"South Ferry subway station readies for its reopening after Sandy" 12571: 9920:* "IRT Will Open Express Station at Lexington and 59th Thursday", 8851:

Extensive Rapid Transit Plan Proposed for North Jersey (1926–1927)

8520: 8470:"Reproduction Poster of Extension to Union Turnpike – Kew Gardens" 8432: 6445:"Brooklyn Historic Railway Association and Atlantic Avenue Tunnel" 3737:

In April 1981, the following projects were considered by the MTA:

863:

Even though there was an earlier, underground railroad called the

15785:"MTA: Platform barrier pilot program to launch in three stations" 13314:"R Train To Resume Service Between Brooklyn And Manhattan Monday" 11884:"CUT IN FARE TO $ 1.50, END OF GUARDS URGED FOR 'TRAIN TO PLANE'" 9390: 6734:"Beach Pneumatic Transit – The Interborough Rapid Transit subway" 6084: 5118:

To solve the system's problems, the MTA officially announced the

4744: 4712:

train cannot load or unload. Because of the curve at the station

3950:

The entire BMT Myrtle Avenue Line, which was duplicated by buses.

3815:

In June 1983, the following projects were considered by the MTA:

3481:

between September 11, 1977, and the early 1980s, replaced by the

3433:

tracks on Park Avenue, one block to the west. The single-tracked

3376: 1291:), acquired in November 1898 and leased to the BHRR in April 1899 17088:"NYC subway trains derail after collision; 24 injuries reported" 16039:"25 Aug 1928 – TWENTY PERSONS KILLED Train Derailed in New York" 15122:"MTA seeks contracts for Harlem phase of NYC Second Ave. subway" 15065:"Phase 2 of 2nd Avenue Subway Clears Preliminary Funding Hurdle" 14977:"Rockaway Beach rail plan to be backed by Reps. Jeffries, Meeks" 13353:. December 12, 2016. pp. PDF–169 to PDF–175. Archived from 11765:"Wheels of Fortune: Case in Point 1 – Looking for Mr. Goodcar", 9535: 5438:

July 17, 1970: A Manhattan-bound E train ran into an A train at

3960:

The entire BMT Franklin Avenue Line, due to major deterioration.

3804:, which was ultimately untenable because of capacity constraints 3499:

published a story that featured debris that had fallen from the

3265:

To attract passengers, in September 1978 the TA introduced the "

2359: 1805:

the growth of the Lower West Side, and to neighborhoods such as

17492:"NYC subway shootings updates: Multiple shot, suspect at large" 17334:"Arrest in L train subway fight that left college student dead" 17228:"A Short History of Death on the New York City Subway – ANIMAL" 15314: 14924: 14559:"New York's Subway Delays Could Cost City $ 389 Million a Year" 13643:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2017. p. 62 11153:"Downtown Safety Security and Economic Development (Paperback)" 7702: 6358:"Events That Led To The Creation Of The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel" 6184:"Tunnel Vision; With Station's Reopening, Even Commuters Smile" 5399:

November 28, 1962: A crane fell in Coney Island, killing three.

4994:

in Queens. This was in preparation for a reconstruction of the

4740: 3928:

The entire IRT Dyre Avenue Line, which was duplicated by buses.

2804: 2755: 1237:

from 1883 to 1896, when they were converted to electric power.

738: 17158:"Catastrophe on New York 'L': Worst Accident in its History", 17035: 14202:"Subway Train Derails in Brooklyn, Disrupting Morning Commute" 10530:

Seamen, Mark; de Cerreño, Allison L. C.; English-Young, Seth.

10265:"4 Per Cent Cut in IRT Subway Service Scheduled for September" 8403: 7591:"Another Centennial–Original Subway Extended To Fulton Street" 5483:

train derailed between the Manhattan Bridge and DeKalb Avenue.

4720:

on a less severe curve, permitting the operation of a typical

4403:

train resumed local service in Manhattan, but was extended to

4102:, and building a new intermediate station that connected with 2129:) but also south into Brooklyn, connecting to the stub of the 14839:"Mayor de Blasio Revives Plan for a Utica Avenue Subway Line" 12945:"Free Subway Shuttle Starting for Part of Rockaway Peninsula" 11037:

Seaton, Charles (February 17, 1985). "Vandals on the Rails".

9467: 9124:

by Aaron Berkovich, Alex Lu, Brian Levine, and Alla V. Reddy.

5733:. Both trains derailed on impact, and 24 people were injured. 4752: 3686:

On January 16, 1978, the MTA opened three transfer stations:

2597:

estimated that this amount of money could modernize both the

2070:

trains running express west of 71st–Continental Avenues, and

1552: 1297:, acquired in March 1899 and leased to the BHRR in April 1899 855:

Charles Harvey demonstrating his elevated railroad design on

17713: 17386:"Bomb in IND Car Kills Woman and Hurts 18 at 125th St. Stop" 17008: 15002:"A Revamped La Guardia Airport Could Look Like This In 2021" 12997:"The A Line Returns to the Rockaways, Mostly for the Better" 12970:"The H Train lives: Free Rockaway shuttle to debut tomorrow" 12133: 11370:

A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial

11345:

Subway Gunman: A Juror's Account of the Bernhard Goetz Trial

9822: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9804: 9594:

Report for the three and one-half years ending June 30, 1949

6832:"Lower Manhattan Necrology (continued) – Forgotten New York" 6291:"Notes from the Underground: The Secret Tunnels of Brooklyn" 4963:, was closed completely from August 2013 to September 2014. 4685:

via the Queens Boulevard and Sixth Avenue local tracks. The

4178:

trains was also started on December 11, 1988. Additionally,

18931: 17114:"Subway derails on F train line in Brooklyn – CBS New York" 16727:"Late-Morning Jolt: Subway Derailment in Queens Injures 19" 14616: 14477:"MTA Chair Unveils $ 836 Million Subway Stabilization Plan" 14108:"Fulton Transit Hub Will Finally Open on Nov. 10, MTA Says" 13724:"'No L-pocalypse': New Plan Avoids Dreaded Subway Shutdown" 13688:

Fitzsimmons, Emma G.; Goldmacher, Shane (January 3, 2019).

13474: 13060:"mta.info | Rebuilding the Rockaways After Hurricane Sandy" 12136:"How Politics and Bad Decisions Starved New York's Subways" 10541:. NYU Rudin Center for transportation policy and management 10149:"Transit Agency Says New York Subways Are Free of Graffiti" 10013:

David Grazian, "Mix It Up", W W Norton & Co Inc, 2010,

9802: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9757: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9743: 8339: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6505:"The New York Moon – Undertone – Music video in the tunnel" 5277: 2058:

service) ran as a shuttle service between Queens Plaza and

1525: 1222: 17359:"Woman Pushed Onto Subway Tracks 'Never Saw' Her Attacker" 16813:"l Supervisors suspended amid NYC subway derailment probe" 15113: 14702:"The M.T.A.'s $ 54 Billion Plan to Transform Your Commute" 13756:"Capital Program Oversight Committee Meeting – March 2019" 13102:"mta.info | Old South Ferry Station to Reopen for Service" 10231:"215 More Daily Subway Runs Will Be Eliminated by Aug. 30" 9896:"New Hi-Speed Locals 1959 New York City Transit Authority" 9884:, New York City Transit Authority, October 1957, p. 9 9359: 8499: 6548:"Brooklyn Underground Tunnel Tours Are Now Six Feet Under" 5685:

train with approximately 80 people on board derailed near

4494:. All service on the BMT Broadway Line ran local north of 4360:. There was also subsequent flooding on the line south of 4352:

was the most destroyed. Sections of the tunnel as well as

3511:

led to a lawsuit against the MTA. Concrete falling on the

2915:

this time was in the form of subway cars destined for the

2528:

Soon after the Culver Ramp was completed, parts of the ex-

2200:

In 1926, a loop subway service was planned to be built to

2032:

The first section of the Queens Boulevard Line, west from

1764:. The BRT fed the Queens lines from a new tunnel from the 921:

company along Greenwich Street and Ninth Avenue (although

16873:"One dead, at least 16 hurt in New York City subway fire" 16846: 16751:

Tangel, Andrew; Shallwani, Pervaiz (September 12, 2015).

16641:"87 Are Hurt as Subway Train Runs Into Another in Queens" 16419:"2 Subway Riders Hurt as Car Goes Off Track in Rush Hour" 13284:"EXCLUSIVE: R train's East River tunnel may reopen early" 10529: 9540: 9455:. Old Fulton New York Postcards. June 29, 1956. p. 2 9429:. Old Fulton New York Postcards. June 28, 1956. p. 1 9403:. Old Fulton New York Postcards. June 28, 1956. pp. 9088: 9086: 9079:

Subway FAQ: Letter, Number, and Color Designation Systems

9044:

Broadway Junction Transportation Study (Part 1) (NYC.gov)

6687: 5241:

January 2022 shoving death of a passenger in Times Square

5039:

Adding flood mitigation measures to the IND Rockaway Line

4743:

contract was awarded to the consortium of Schiavone/Shea/

4411:, which now terminated at 14th Street as an express. The 4269:

Subway ridership increased through the 1990s. Throughout

2624:

in Manhattan (1955) and the Bronx (1973), as well as the

2396:

in May 1965. The first successful air conditioned train (

17200:"City's Worst Transportation Disasters – New York Times" 15992: 15990: 15988: 15986: 15984: 15982: 15980: 15978: 15976: 15974: 15972: 15970: 15206:"MTA Ridership Taking a Hit During Coronavirus Outbreak" 14385:"Rescue Plan to Improve Subways Includes Removing Seats" 13816:"New York Subway Stations Get New Water Prevention Gear" 12553:

DOWNTOWN EXPRESS | The Newspaper of Lower Manhattan

11850:"CHANGES PLANNED FOR SUBWAYS TO ROCKAWAYS AND WEST SIDE" 11792:"Forgotten NY – The lore of the Franklin Avenue Shuttle" 11399:"FOLLOWING UP; Still Seeking Payment From Bernard Goetz" 9781: 9740: 9642: 9613: 9611: 8702: 8673: 6866: 5528:

July 26, 1990: A B train and an M train collided on the

5180:

in Brooklyn; an outer-borough circumferential line, the

5024:

Adding flood mitigation measures, like barriers, to the

3979:

By August 1989, the MTA was considering these projects:

3913:

Purchase 500 new subway cars at a cost of $ 500 million.

3488: 1844:, with a shorter shuttle on the Brooklyn branch between 17681: 15968: 15966: 15964: 15962: 15960: 15958: 15956: 15954: 15952: 15950: 15323:"MTA to restore NYC's 24-hour subway service on May 17" 15320: 10813:"Rear Subway Cars To Be Shut at Night To Reduce Crimes" 10791: 9715:

The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York

8551: 7251:"nycsubway.org: Men Who Really Built the Subway (1904)" 6748:"Feb. 26, 1870: New York City Blows Subway Opportunity" 6155:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from 5215: 4450:

service was suspended and respectively replaced by the

3972:

station to the northbound IRT Lexington Avenue Line at

3889:

Building a tunnel under the Hudson River to extend the

3628:

were also installed on existing and new rolling stock.

3493:

Existing elevated structures posed a large danger; the

3301:

decoy and undercover units were deployed in the subway.

3058:

article highlighted the worst parts of the subway. The

3029:

highlighted the subway system's condition in a lengthy

1196:. A short piece of surface route of this railroad, the 17483: 15139: 13257:

Newman, Andy; Goodman, J. David (September 15, 2014).

13108:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 4, 2013 11780:

http://www.coronayard.com/r36preservation/r36mdbf.html

11485: 11272:

Kelling, George L.; Wilson, James Q. (March 1, 1982).

11083:"The Fear Hits Home: Ravitch Kin Are Not Night Riders" 10792:

Chaiken, Jan M.; Lawless, M.; Stevenson, K.A. (1974).

9227: 9225: 9083: 8999: 8997: 8947:"Why New York City Stopped Building Subways – CityLab" 8495: 8493: 8491: 6402:"Urban Underground Passageways An Historical Overview" 5535:

December 28, 1990: An electrical fire occurred in the

4035:

South Ferry station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)

4024:

Three storage yards, two in Brooklyn and one in Queens

3953:

The entire BMT Sea Beach Line, which ran close to the

2807:

and a half-dozen holes as part of construction on the

2208:

underground, with 670 feet (200 m) platforms and

16067:. August 23, 1938 – via New York Times Archive. 16061:"2 DEAD, 51 INJURED IN SUBWAY CRASH LAID TO MOTORMAN" 14166:

Santora, Marc; Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (June 27, 2017).

13687: 12813:

Neuman, Sewell Chan and William (November 10, 2008).

11330: – Goetz car was an R-22 with fiberglass seating 10895: 10882:"If You Took the Train to the Plane, Sing the Jingle" 10437:"MTA Studies Citywide Cuts in Subway Lines, Stations" 9608: 9168: 9166: 8582: 8115:"Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains in New Subway" 7074:"Of the Nassau-Transit Railroad Consolidation Deal". 3359:

machines in Manhattan. When the train arrived at the

2873:

Fast food stands operated in stations until the 1980s

2605:

for $ 500 million, with money left over to build the

2050:(today's World Trade Center) in Manhattan, while the 1225:

company. The other elevated company in Brooklyn, the

17112:

Bisram, Jennifer; Zanger, Jesse (January 10, 2024).

16777:

Santora, Marc; Ferré-sadurní, Luis (June 27, 2017).

16776: 15947: 15601: 14507:"MTA chairman unveils plan to fix NYC subway system" 13750: 13748: 13746: 13744: 11674:

http://www.istat.it/istat/eventi/2003/perunasocieta/

10873: 10463: 10461: 9950:. New York City Transit Authority. November 15, 1962 9397:"First Train On Rockaway Line Runs This Afternoon". 8379: 8377: 8135: 5479:

April 12, 1977: Two passengers were injured when an

5409:

December 29, 1969: A southbound train derailed near

5271: 4259: 3546:

and continued through next two decades under Mayors

3412: 3250:

was known to frequent muggers, so in February 1979,

2799:

for a large subway expansion proposed by then-Mayor

2193:. Plans for new lines date back to the early 1910s. 87:

station, on a holiday train special in December 2007

17062:"Subway train derails on Upper West Side, MTA says" 16724: 16469:"Subway Riders Delayed by Cleanup After Derailment" 16147:"Hazards Cited in Rescuing Stranded IRT Passengers" 14836: 13511:"mta.info | Myrtle Av Line Infrastructure Projects" 13340:"Transit & Bus Committee Meeting December 2016" 12840:"City straphangers feel sting as fares hiked again" 12669:"Arup to design new Second Avenue Subway, New York" 12418:"Ridership below prediction at new 7 train station" 11561:"Brooklyn's Culver Shuttle Makes Festive Final Run" 9222: 8994: 8488: 7032:

1914 Moody's Manual: Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company

6060: 6058: 5748:Additionally, in an accident recorded before 1918, 4826:on weekdays, both to cover the discontinued W. The 1666:" because the fare was three cents. Along with the 1548:

A 1918 IRT map, after Contracts 1 and 2 were signed

1421:was approved in 1906 and opened on August 1, 1908. 52:

Incidents and accidents on the New York City Subway

31:It has been suggested that this article should be 17527: 17490:Shapiro, Emily; Katersky, Aaron (April 12, 2022). 17230:. Animalnewyork.com. July 25, 2012. Archived from 17141:, South Brunswick, NJ and New York: Barnes, 1978, 16365:"R32 3669 Derails at Malbone Street Tunnel Portal" 15927: 15925: 14359:"MTA seeks 'genius' to fix subways for $ 1M prize" 14357:Gabrielli, Sarah; McShane, Larry (June 29, 2017). 14165: 13986:"Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side" 13457:"MTA: M line will shut down for part of next year" 13225:"On R Train, Unwelcome Reminder of Storm's Impact" 12606: 11467:"Subway Crime Declining, New Transit Figures Show" 11444:"Behavior: Low Profile for a Legend Bernard Goetz" 10932: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10336:"Subways to Trim Service In Rush Hours on Jan. 18" 9163: 8864:"The Most Expensive Mile of Subway Track on Earth" 7743: 7424:. New York City: Electric Railroaders' Association 7140:"Rapid Transit Company Gets Brighton Beach R.R.". 6770: 6200: 6198: 5744:in Coney Island. All 37 passengers were evacuated. 5155:parts of six more physical lines, to be funded by 3598:) in the 1970s was in a state of rapid degradation 3581: 2532:were demolished. This is a stub to the former line 2291:, being demolished shortly after unification, 1942 1772:in perpetuity, essentially making it theirs also. 1752:. The IRT accessed the station both from the 1907 1315:(Culver Line), leased to the BHRR on June 18, 1899 1263:, acquired in November 1897 and leased to the BHRR 46:History of the New York City Subway (1940–present) 17767:The Commuting Principle That Shaped Urban History 17745:The New York City Subway: A Century by John Stern 17684:The City Beneath Us: Building the New York Subway 17576: 17465:"Third Sunday Bomb Rips Staten Island Ferry Deck" 16811:Armstrong, Kiley; Eltman, Frank (June 28, 2017). 16725:Flegenheimer, Matt; Ishayik, Edna (May 3, 2014). 16019:. New York City, NY. November 1, 1918. p. 24 14012:"New Subway Station Opens on NYC's Far West Side" 13947: 13741: 13380:"South Ferry subway station in Manhattan reopens" 11519:Brooklyn's Culver Shuttle Makes Festive Final Run 11157:Downtown Safety Security and Economic Development 10458: 10395: 8374: 8084: 6243: 6217: 4916:were gradually shut down that evening. The storm 4777:construction contract was awarded, extending the 4626:population gain in the city of 7%. With dramatic 3174:The previous year, there had been 30 derailments. 3171:A 10-minute trip in 1910 took 40 minutes in 1981. 3074:, so the signals were upgraded in the 1980s. The 3070:. The subway line with the worst signals was the 2803:. About $ 1.23 billion was spent to create three 2613:of subway lines in Queens and Brooklyn. However, 2020:(where it splits from the Eighth Avenue Line) to 1607:, the Manhattan Bridge connection was eliminated. 1030: 751:busiest rapid transit system in the United States 19041: 18579:MTA Capital Construction and Development Company 17752:– special October 2010 regional news section by 16571:"Fatal Subway Accident Is Subject of an Inquiry" 16226: 16224: 16222: 16220: 16218: 16216: 16214: 16212: 16210: 16208: 15465: 15463: 15038:. Federal Transit Administration. Archived from 14862: 14727:Guse, Clayton; Rivoli, Dan (February 20, 2019). 14533:"MTA Genius Transit Challenge winners announced" 14356: 13931:. Dnainfo.com. December 20, 2013. Archived from 13690:"Full Shutdown of L Train to Be Halted by Cuomo" 13208:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 12644: 12642: 12549:"Opposition to South Ferry subway project grows" 11914: 11912: 10596:"6-Hour Nightly Shutdown of Subways Is Proposed" 10501:"Subway Roulette: The Game Is Getting Dangerous" 10498: 10494: 10492: 10490: 9506:"Fifty Years of Subway Service to the Rockaways" 9270: 8843: 8500:Roger P. Roess; Gene Sansone (August 23, 2012). 8352:. New York, New York: Fordham University Press. 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8064: 6957:The Third Rail Online – Gunther and His Railroad 6192:, September 17, 2002. Retrieved October 6, 2007. 6149:"New York City Transit – History and Chronology" 6055: 5387:116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) 3570:difficult, as AFC did not prevent fare evasion. 3019:station in the worst subway collision since the 2444:Only two new lines were opened in this era, the 184: 17671:"America's Newest Subway, First Built In Model" 17525: 17489: 17445:. Johnson Publishing Company. November 24, 1960 16810: 16779:"Subway Derailment in Manhattan Injures Dozens" 16750: 16232:"NYC Subway Derailments Over the Past 30 Years" 16181:"900 Flee Blaze on IRT; Lindsay Attacks M.T.A." 15922: 15836: 15802: 15751:"Subway Will Test Platform Doors at 3 Stations" 15742: 15711: 15654:Felton, Emmanuel; Duncan, Ian (March 7, 2024). 15515: 15347:Hu, Winnie; Ferré-Sadurní, Luis (May 3, 2021). 15346: 15119: 14168:"Subway Derailment in Manhattan Injures Dozens" 14029: 12333:"M.T.A. Ridership Grows Faster Than Population" 12064:"Tunnel Project, Five Years Old, Won't Be Used" 11921:"REPORT SUGGESTS CHANGES TO GAIN SUBWAY RIDERS" 11734:"New Maps to Help Rider Gain His Journey's End" 11284: 10967: 10965: 10518: 10142: 10140: 9596:. New York City Board of Transportation. 1949. 9271:Cunningham, Joseph; DeHart, Leonard O. (1993). 9127: 8385:"Independent Subway Services Beginning in 1932" 7741: 7411: 7017:"Early Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1878 to 1913" 6638: 6195: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6116: 5880: 5674:train with 1,000 people on board derailed near 5264:forces to the subway in March 2024, as part of 4641:), a level not seen since 1949. In April 2013, 4427:was also disrupted because the tracks from the 4164:Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue – JFK Airport 3712:at Canal Street and the local platforms of the 3529:New York City transit fares § Fare evasion 2746:On November 15, 1962, the express platforms at 2227:, fourteen stations were on the abandoned LIRR 40:History of the New York City Subway (1904–1940) 17655:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. 17577:Cunningham, Joseph; de Hart, Leonard (1993) . 17307: 17283: 17252: 16519:"10 Subway Riders Hurt In Brooklyn Derailment" 14082:"Fulton Center subway hub to open in November" 13429:"M line to be shut down next year for repairs" 12587:"At the Last Subway Stop, a New Exit Strategy" 11324:Photo – interior of similar model car, an R-17 11293:"4 Youths Shot By Goetz Faced Criminal Counts" 10467: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10424: 9882:Annual Report For The Year Ended June 30, 1957 6975:"Transit in Possession of Brooklyn Elevated". 6855: 6853: 6465:"Cobble Hill (Atlantic Avenue) Tunnel History" 6205:Brian Abbott. September 11: Three Years Later. 5468:October 25, 1973: A fire in two train cars at 5042:Rebuilding other tubes. As of March 2019, the 3507:nearly killed a passerby, and debris from the 2243:(built as part of a 1968 plan), two stations ( 992:was the first attempt to build an underground 17788: 17437:"'Sunday Bomber' Hunted by 600 New York Cops" 16205: 15776: 15460: 13921: 13634:"Capital Program Oversight Committee Meeting" 13256: 12695:"Second Avenue Subway – Transport Consulting" 12639: 12030:"M.t.a. Seeking Japanese Cars for Irt System" 11909: 11504:(5). Electric Railroaders' Association: 1, 4. 11271: 10487: 10329: 10327: 10054: 10052: 10050: 9829:"The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s" 9764:"The New York Transit Authority in the 1970s" 8613: 8298:Elmhurst : from town seat to mega-suburb 8061: 6266:Second Avenue Subway Quarterly Report Q4 2013 6252:"Hudson Yards subway extension delayed again" 6143: 6141: 6139: 5593:train crashed into a stopped Manhattan-bound 4895:Hurricane Sandy caused serious damage to the 4584:trains on weekdays). Service was cut back to 4018:, due to the Manhattan Bridge subway closures 3812:on a few underground portions of the system. 3698:and the previously-connected stations on the 3335:In the early afternoon of December 22, 1984, 3154:Operations in 1981 had deteriorated so that: 2922: 2706: 2360:Post-unification expansion and reorganization 2332:) have numbers and BMT/IND (now collectively 1925:Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad 1303:(Brighton Beach Line), acquired in March 1899 1174:Brooklyn, Queens County and Suburban Railroad 1072:Board of Rapid Transit Railroad Commissioners 166: 17580:A History of the New York City Subway System 17111: 16701:"Train Derails In Brooklyn, Injuring Scores" 15681: 15653: 14035: 14003: 13977: 13961:. New York. October 21, 2013. Archived from 13482:"Myrtle Avenue Line Infrastructure Projects" 13222: 12994: 12942: 12918:"RETURN OF THE H TRAIN – Forgotten New York" 12890: 12228:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 12170:"TURF; On the Express Track to Venerability" 12091:"The 'Subway to Nowhere' Now Goes Somewhere" 11715: 11713: 11711: 11709: 11707: 11683:relazioni/Langan_rel.pdf on October 4, 2010. 11317: 11189:. No. 54. pp. 3–12. Archived from 10962: 10914:(12). Electric Railroaders' Association: 2–4 10468:Finder, Alan; Connelly, Mary (May 4, 1986). 10299:"The A Train, a Loser, May Cut Express Runs" 10137: 10119:, no. 54, pp. 3–12, archived from 9704: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9588: 9586: 9274:A History of the New York City Subway System 7276:"Almanac: Building the New York City subway" 6776: 6641:"They found the tube in excellent condition" 6312:Citynoise: Oldest Subway Tunnel in the World 6249: 6171: 6004: 5981: 5855: 5742:West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium station 5622:July 14, 1997: The last car of a southbound 5291:accessibility projects at 60 subway stations 4002:A 1.25 miles (2.01 km) connection from 3655: 3386:The incident sparked a nationwide debate on 2452:in 1956, with an extension of the latter to 2012:On January 1, 1936, a second trunk line—the 1748:. The lines operated jointly and began from 17197: 15573: 15145: 15026: 14382: 14236: 14199: 14057:"Out of Dust and Debris, a New Jewel Rises" 13984:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (September 10, 2015). 13983: 13598: 12416:Harshbarger, Rebecca (September 21, 2015). 12415: 12403:"The Approval Matrix, bottom left quadrant" 11606:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkL1LIUsmqc 11339: 11071:, front page picture caption, June 6, 1985. 10421: 9298: 9296: 6850: 6670:"The remarkable pneumatic people mover" on 6066:"New York City subway opens – Oct 27, 1904" 5968:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 5943:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 5918:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 5867:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 5829:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 5228:COVID-19 pandemic to the New York City area 4580:via Central Park West Local, also replaced 3332:, as a consultant for the program in 1985. 2940:to a Metropolitan Transportation Center in 2793:Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) 1647:so the trains could interoperate under the 1152:Rapid transit operations of the BRT and BMT 18368:Unused New York City Subway service labels 17795: 17781: 17761:Why New York City Stopped Building Subways 16252: 16110: 16079:"7 Hurt in IRT Crash; Other Lines Delayed" 15541: 15489: 14883: 14778: 14726: 14668: 14273:"Track Fire Is the Latest Subway Disaster" 13901:"MTA opens new $ 530M South Ferry station" 13128:"mta.info | Restoring South Ferry Station" 12754:"Photos: Inside The New 7 Train Extension" 11494:"A History of the F (and V) Train Service" 10880:Grynbaum, Michael M. (November 25, 2009). 10324: 10082:"How New York Became Safe: The Full Story" 10047: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10031: 10029: 10027: 9944:"New 59th Street Express Station brochure" 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7770:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7329:Farthest North in Town by the Interborough 7093: 7091: 6136: 5525:, and the motorman died of a heart attack. 5511:near Kings Highway injuring 10 passengers. 5445:August 1, 1970: A fire in the tunnel near 5296: 5103: 4564:on nights and weekends, respectively. The 3319:Citizens Crime Commission of New York City 3119:; and the BMT Jamaica Line east of either 3064:Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue station 3062:was the worst underground station and the 2963:; these runs had previously terminated at 1736:; and a longer line reaching initially to 1110:. Legal challenges were resolved in 1899. 975: 173: 159: 19012: 16596:McFadden, Robert D. (December 29, 1990). 15717: 15627:Cramer, Maria; Ley, Ana (March 6, 2024). 15626: 15607: 15574:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (October 23, 2022). 15406: 14945: 14500: 14498: 14415: 14413: 13814:West, Melanie Grayce (October 28, 2017). 13146: 12858: 12671:. Arup. November 20, 2001. Archived from 12615:"New subway station has plenty of upside" 11958:"SUBWAY AIDES TO WEIGH CUTS ON 11 ROUTES" 11704: 11361: 10972:Andelman, David A. (September 27, 1980). 10760:"Subway Aides to Weigh Cuts on 11 Routes" 10404:"Subway Aides to Weigh Cuts on 11 Routes" 9695: 9583: 9449:"To Rockaways: Beach Trains In Operation" 9233:"Direct Subway Runs to Flushing, Astoria" 9204:Richard Dattner & Partners Architects 8862:Rosenthal, Brian M. (December 29, 2017). 8861: 8789:"The Dual System of Rapid Transit (1912)" 8506:. Springer Science & Business Media. 7320: 7318: 7203:"Transit Co. Leases P.P. and C.I. Road". 7027: 7025: 5452:May 27, 1971: A 7 train was stuck in the 4874: 4560:trains replaced it as the local north of 4548:, Brooklyn, replacing the then suspended 4201:New subway cars were also purchased: the 4152:42nd Street – Port Authority Bus Terminal 2581:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 2504:trains were extended to the new station. 2378:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 2093:On July 1, 1937, a third trunk line, the 1524:converts alternating current to 600 1328: 909:in Manhattan and Brooklyn. At that time, 17802: 17632:New York Subways and Stations, 1970–1990 17308:New York Media, LLC (January 23, 1995). 16835: 16770: 16753:"Derailed G Train Hit Deteriorated Wall" 16595: 16543: 16391:"6 Hurt in Subway at 1918 Disaster Site" 16362: 16288:"IRT TRAIN DERAILED, 3 HURT IN BROOKLYN" 16010:"The Mayor to Begin B.R.T Inquiry Today" 15286: 15255: 14946:Colangelo, Lisa L. (February 13, 2012). 14590: 14530: 14471: 14469: 14232: 14230: 13400: 12943:Flegenheimer, Matt (November 19, 2012). 12721:"Second Avenue Subway – A Status Report" 12492:"The Opening of the New 63 St Connector" 12061: 11491: 11367: 11244: 10971: 10879: 10810: 10794:"The Impact of Police Activity on Crime" 10593: 10060:"A History of Graffiti in Its Own Words" 10009: 10007: 9293: 9192: 8619: 8319:Kramer, Frederick A. (January 1, 1990). 8294: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7301:Walker, James Blaine (January 1, 1918). 6527: 5633:November 20, 1997: A Forest Hills-bound 5521:train crashed into the bumper blocks at 5335: 5323: 5171: 5062: 5016:Other rehabilitation projects included: 4890: 4878: 4761: 4611: 4532:, which has a stub terminal serving the 4299: 4115: 4029:Flatbush Avenue–Brooklyn College station 3963: 3659: 3585: 3457:, while service was discontinued on the 3416: 3367:, the seventh car of the ten-car train. 3002: 2990: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2765: 2750:opened to reduce transfer congestion at 2654: 2523: 2511: 2458:New York, Westchester and Boston Railway 2427: 2400:) was placed into service in July 1967. 2338: 2282: 1863:(where the connection from the elevated 1815: 1707: 1551: 1543: 1480: 1351: 1332: 1254:Van Brunt Street and Erie Basin Railroad 1239: 1178:Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Railroad 1133:The city decided to issue rapid transit 1120: 1112: 1044: 979: 850: 830:Since the 2000s, expansions include the 74: 17587: 17556:The World's Work: A History of Our Time 17548: 17383: 16253:Montgomery, Paul L. (August 29, 1973). 15902: 15877:Andres, Czarinna (September 18, 2024). 15782: 15718:Pozarycki, Robert (December 31, 2020). 15432: 15380: 15027:Garliauskas, Lucy (December 23, 2016). 14036:Flegenheimer, Matt (January 27, 2014). 13134:. Metropolitan Transportation Authority 12891:Flegenheimer, Matt (October 27, 2012). 12751: 12062:Andelman, David A. (October 11, 1980). 12027: 11881: 11847: 11812: 11533:"For Culver Shuttle It's the 11th Hour" 11409: 11080: 10938:"JFK express subway to be discontinued" 10691: 10656: 10559: 10207: 10079: 10075: 10073: 10024: 9365: 9302: 9144:. June 2008. p. 27. Archived from 8944: 8620:Sparberg, Andrew J. (October 1, 2014). 8314: 8312: 7793: 7778: 7471: 7417: 7353:Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864–1917 7304:Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864–1917 7088: 6883:The Dual System of Rapid Transit (1912) 6861:Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864–1917 6663: 6363:. Brooklyn Historic Railway Association 5987: 5797:History of New York City transportation 5709:Central Park North–110th Street station 5550:train derailed due to a drunk motorman. 5369:28th Street (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) 3608:report, including air conditioning and 2849: 2421:were next to receive the improvements. 2323: 2180:Proposed New York City Subway expansion 1520:to generate their DC. To this day, the 1313:Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad 1117:Subway construction in the Bowery, 1901 834:that opened in September 2015, and the 796:for B Division cars, it remains as the 19042: 18713:2017–2021 New York City transit crisis 17763:, by Jonathan English, April 16, 2018. 17573:Includes numerous construction photos. 17412:"Bomb Injures 33 at Times Sq. Shuttle" 17409: 17085: 16698: 16672: 16638: 16634: 16632: 16630: 16628: 16626: 16178: 15876: 15789:Spectrum News NY1 | New York City 15521: 15287:Goldbaum, Christina (April 30, 2020). 15120:Simko-Bednarski, Evan (July 5, 2023). 14974: 14837:Emma G. Fitzsimmons (April 22, 2015). 14810: 14591:Stringer, Scott M. (October 1, 2017). 14495: 14410: 14383:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (July 25, 2017). 14322: 14237:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (July 17, 2017). 14200:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (July 21, 2017). 14193: 14009: 13847: 13787: 13599:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (July 25, 2016). 13426: 12812: 12584: 12498:. New York City Transit. November 2001 12472:. New York City Transit. November 2001 12441: 12359:"Subway and Bus Ridership Sets Record" 12195: 12167: 12129: 12127: 12125: 12123: 12121: 12119: 11955: 11951: 11949: 11918: 11732:Dunlap, David W. (December 17, 1985). 11731: 11558: 11530: 11415: 11396: 11333: 11226:from the original on December 12, 2021 11177: 11036: 10901: 10757: 10470:"The Region; On Shrinking The Subways" 10401: 10334:Burks, Edward C. (December 18, 1975). 10224: 10222: 10179: 10177: 10107: 9998:"1968 NYCTA Expansion Plans (Picture)" 9968: 9927:"IRT Express Stop Opens at 59th St.", 9335: 9333: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8358:10.5422/fordham/9780823253692.001.0001 8345: 8318: 8290: 8288: 7650: 7619: 7315: 7300: 7048: 7046: 7022: 6699: 6618: 6483: 6288: 5663:train derailed just after leaving the 5456:and one person died of a heart attack. 5363:August 6, 1927: Two bombs exploded at 5184:; a reuse of the northern part of the 5007:completely close the BMT Canarsie Line 4620: 4540:was not damaged, but covered in soot. 4198:were replaced by continuous services. 3353:Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line express 2585:Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority 2112:had been evident since 1919, when the 770:Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation 199: 17776: 17629: 17284:New York Media, LLC (July 27, 1981). 17253:New York Media, LLC (June 15, 1970). 16930: 16388: 16144: 16111:Montgomery, Paul L. (July 18, 1970). 14779:Offenhartz, Jake (January 15, 2020). 14504: 14466: 14296: 14270: 14227: 14159: 14010:Tangel, Andrew (September 13, 2015). 13767:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 13519:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 13490:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 13454: 13351:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 13223:Flegenheimer, Matt (August 4, 2013). 13164:from the original on November 7, 2015 13085:Raw: Sandy Leaves NYC Subways Flooded 12612: 12585:Neuman, William (December 11, 2008). 12330: 12312:. Associated Press. September 8, 2018 12089:Lorch, Donatella (October 29, 1989). 12088: 11464: 11180:"On Subway Graffiti in New York City" 11081:Edmonds, Richard (January 21, 1982). 10904:"Sixth Avenue Subway Service Changes" 10811:Treaster, Joseph B. (July 31, 1974). 10722: 10657:Edmonds, Richard (January 28, 1982). 10560:Goldman, Ari L. (December 30, 1981). 10434: 10368:Saxon, Wolfgang (December 15, 1976). 10367: 10333: 10296: 10262: 10228: 10004: 9969:Martin, Douglas (November 17, 1996). 9650:"Subway Extension In Queens Is Voted" 9547:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 9341:"Rail Line is Added to Subway System" 9277:. J. Schmidt, R. Giglio, and K. Lang. 8301:. Vincent F. Seyfried. Archived from 7819: 7817: 7815: 7722: 7358: 6745: 6700:Martin, Douglas (November 17, 1996). 6609:"Inventor of the Week – Alfred Beach" 6484:Joseph, Yonette (February 15, 2009). 6258: 6016:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 6012:"Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)" 5892:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 5888:"Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)" 5703:March 27, 2020: A northbound 2 train 5696:train derailed then caught fire near 5645:station, injuring 40, none seriously. 5378:on a southbound express train on the 4592:service resumed on September 21, but 4295: 3819:The JFK Express would be extended to 3567:110th Street/Lexington Avenue station 3489:Debris falling from and on the tracks 3390:in major cities, the legal limits of 2881:A typical graffiti-tagged car in 1979 2761: 2628:(1950), much of the remainder of the 2568:(1967), linking the BMT line via the 1882: 747:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 17769:, Jonathan English, August 29, 2019. 17648: 17608: 17384:Buckley, Thomas (November 7, 1960). 17331: 17256:New York Magazine – Internet Archive 16905:. Associated Press. March 27, 2020. 16544:Mcfadden, Robert D. (July 4, 1981). 16179:Clines, Francis X. (July 17, 1971). 16113:"37 HURT IN CRASH OF TWO IND TRAINS" 15903:Burkett, N.J. (September 18, 2024). 15808: 15783:Brosnan, Erica (February 23, 2022). 15748: 15730:from the original on January 1, 2021 15699:from the original on January 1, 2021 15608:Izaguirre, Anthony (March 6, 2024). 15547: 15495: 15381:Perrett, Connor (February 6, 2021). 15229: 14675:Guse, Clayton (September 16, 2019). 14674: 14593:"The Economic Cost of Subway Delays" 14531:Vantuono, William (March 12, 2018). 13813: 13721: 12815:"M.T.A. Faces $ 1.2 Billion Deficit" 12788:Hudson Yards Development Corporation 12356: 12331:Lueck, Thomas J. (August 24, 2006). 12253:. September 15, 2002. Archived from 11778:"R36 MDBFs", R36 Preservation, Inc. 11290: 11115: 11005: 10844: 10229:Burks, Edward C. (August 14, 1976). 10146: 10070: 9708: 9561: 9498: 9366:Freeman, Ira Henry (June 28, 1956). 9303:Crowell, Paul (September 15, 1949). 9066:Last Train is Run on Fulton St. 'El' 8945:English, Jonathan (April 16, 2018). 8309: 8040:"LOWER MANHATTAN LOST IN POPULATION" 7675:"MAYOR RUNS A TRAIN OVER NEW BRIDGE" 6803: 6486:"The Tunnel Rats of Atlantic Avenue" 6092:"New York Elevated – Charles Harvey" 5587:collision on the Williamsburg Bridge 5385:August 22, 1938: A collision at the 5310:smashed into two trains halted near 5216:COVID-19 pandemic and crime concerns 4822:was extended nine stations north to 4604:remained closed until January 2002. 4474:(also extended via Fourth Avenue to 4286:National Register of Historic Places 1301:Brooklyn and Brighton Beach Railroad 1281:Brooklyn, Bath and West End Railroad 1206: train) on the west side of the 1035: 1011:The final blow to the project was a 919:West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway 823:, which ran directly underneath the 745:(NYCTA), which is controlled by the 713:system that serves four of the five 17: 19050:History of the New York City Subway 17502:from the original on April 12, 2022 17410:Hailey, Foster (October 13, 1960). 16673:Barron, James (December 22, 1994). 16639:Barron, James (November 21, 1997). 16623: 16363:Grotjahn, Doug (December 1, 1974). 16276:– via New York Times Archive. 16201:– via New York Times Archive. 16168:– via New York Times Archive. 16134:– via New York Times Archive. 16100:– via New York Times Archive. 16041:. Trove.nla.gov.au. August 25, 1928 15842: 15749:Gold, Michael (February 23, 2022). 15407:Rosendale, Gus (February 8, 2021). 14975:Rafter, Domenick (March 21, 2013). 14863:Jennifer Fermino (April 22, 2015). 14694: 14054: 13848:Walker, Ameena (October 28, 2017). 13290:. September 8, 2014. Archived from 12995:Flegenheimer, Matt (May 30, 2013). 12384:2013 Ridership Reaches 65-Year High 12168:Rozhon, Tracie (October 29, 1998). 12116: 12005:. railfanwindow.com. Archived from 11946: 11813:Edmonds, Richard (April 28, 1981). 11397:Kelley, Tina (September 10, 2000). 11118:"Subway Ridership Hits 65 Year Low" 10723:Rosen, Richard (October 26, 1980). 10391:– via New York Times Archive. 10357:– via New York Times Archive. 10320:– via New York Times Archive. 10286:– via New York Times Archive. 10252:– via New York Times Archive. 10219: 10174: 10147:Hays, Constance L. (May 10, 1989). 9826: 9761: 9619:"New Subway Link Opening in Queens" 9330: 8889: 8811:"Two Subway Routes Adopted by City" 8285: 8090:"History of the Independent Subway" 7746:The Tracks that Built New York City 7418:Kahn, Alan Paul; May, Jack (1973). 7043: 6602: 6425:New York City Subway Transit Scenes 6119:"History of the Independent Subway" 6072:. A&E Television Networks. 2009 5964:"Subway and bus ridership for 2023" 5939:"Subway and bus ridership for 2022" 5914:"Subway and bus ridership for 2021" 5615:train derailed in Harlem, near the 5098:opening of the Second Avenue Subway 5069:opening of the Second Avenue Subway 4510:via Broadway and Brighton Express. 4307:station was heavily damaged in the 3899:Complete the LIRR tunnel to Midtown 3741:Switching the northern ends of the 2110:need for the IND Second Avenue Line 1495:The subway system began during the 1070:on May 22, 1894, which created the 13: 17615:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 17518: 15496:Guse, Clayton (January 22, 2022). 14556: 12613:Yates, Maura (December 12, 2008). 12524:. December 3, 2003. Archived from 12357:Chan, Sewell (February 20, 2009). 11769:Magazine, March 23, 1986, page 26. 11465:Wolff, Craig (November 12, 1993). 11450:. January 21, 1985. Archived from 10845:Reel, William (January 18, 1980). 10594:Cummings, Judith (July 16, 1981). 10499:Thomas R. Brooks (June 15, 1970). 10435:Gordy, Margaret (April 29, 1986). 9368:"Rockaway Trains to Operate Today" 8978:. October 26, 2011. Archived from 8831:"Plans Now Ready to Start Subways" 8171:"Two Subway Links Start Wednesday" 7812: 7369:Our First Subway Completed at Last 6783:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 6746:Barry, Keith (February 26, 2010). 6467:. RapidTransit.net. Archived from 6250:Sill, Andrew (December 15, 2014). 5863:"Introduction to Subway Ridership" 5759: 5517:April 25, 1986: An out of service 5301: 5222:COVID-19 pandemic in New York City 5130:In October 2017, city comptroller 5050: 4924:, which had many sections between 4908:. All services on the subway, the 4869: 4677:train was created–running between 4209:fleets for the A Division and the 3808:In 1981, the MTA began installing 2140: 2114:New York Public Service Commission 1539: 1476: 1285:Coney Island and Gravesend Railway 1250:Coney Island and Brooklyn Railroad 996:system in New York City. In 1869, 774:Interborough Rapid Transit Company 103: 14: 19061: 17702: 17549:Cunniff, M. G. (September 1904). 17086:Zanger, Jesse (January 4, 2024). 16598:"2 Subway Riders Die After Blast" 16389:Kihss, Peter (December 2, 1974). 15548:Siff, Andrew (October 12, 2022). 15522:Miller, John (October 23, 2022). 15256:Martinez, Jose (April 28, 2020). 15146:Saltonstall, Gus (July 5, 2023). 14897:. August 22, 2013. Archived from 14297:Muoio, Danielle (July 16, 2017). 13788:Kolitz, Daniel (August 1, 2017). 13401:Warerkar, Tanay (June 26, 2017). 12648:MTA Press Release March 20, 2007— 12546: 12028:Goldman, Ari L. (March 9, 1982). 11368:Fletcher, George P. (June 1990). 11291:Raab, Selwyn (January 10, 1985). 10902:Linder, Bernard (December 2008). 10297:Burks, Edward C. (May 26, 1975). 10263:Burks, Edward C. (May 28, 1975). 8199:"New Subway Link Opened by Mayor" 8143:"LaGuardia Opens New Subway Link" 7382:the New York City Subway Souvenir 5990:"RIDERSHIP OF SUBWAYS SINCE 1917" 5988:Goldman, Ari (October 23, 1982). 5720:14th Street/Eighth Avenue station 5714:September 20, 2020: A northbound 5681:September 10, 2015: A southbound 5427:May 20, 1970: Two Brooklyn-bound 5402:May 4, 1965: A crane fell on the 5272:Further upgrades and improvements 5110:2017 New York City transit crisis 4600:remained closed until October 1. 4442:Starting September 17, 2001, the 4396:skip-stop service was suspended. 4260:Revitalization and recent history 4027:Expanding the terminal tracks at 3874:Building the Second Avenue Subway 3665:Atlantic Avenue – Barclays Center 3413:Effects of the Program for Action 3060:Grand Central–42nd Street station 2986: 2644:(1975), all in Brooklyn, and the 2108:Meanwhile, on the East Side, the 1673: 1668:Brooklyn and North River Railroad 1164:in early February, acquiring the 846: 18991: 18981: 18971: 18078: 18071: 18064: 18057: 18050: 18019: 17980: 17968: 17961: 17954: 17947: 17940: 17933: 17926: 17919: 17912: 17905: 17898: 17891: 17884: 17877: 17870: 17863: 17856: 17849: 17842: 17835: 17828: 17821: 17682:New York Transit Museum (2004). 17457: 17429: 17403: 17377: 17351: 17325: 17311:New York Magazine – Google Books 17301: 17287:New York Magazine – Google Books 17277: 17246: 17220: 17198:Tina Kelley (October 16, 2003). 17191: 17169: 17152: 17131: 17105: 17079: 17054: 17028: 17002: 16976: 16950: 16931:Tracy, Thomas (March 27, 2020). 16924: 16891: 16865: 16804: 16744: 16718: 16692: 16666: 16589: 16563: 16537: 16511: 16486: 16461: 16436: 16411: 16382: 16356: 16330: 16305: 16280: 16246: 16172: 16145:Prial, Frank J. (May 28, 1971). 16138: 16104: 16071: 16053: 16031: 16002: 15896: 15870: 15567: 15426: 15400: 15374: 15340: 15280: 15249: 15230:Guse, Clayton (March 12, 2020). 15223: 15198: 15165: 15083: 15057: 15020: 14994: 14968: 14939: 14913: 14856: 14830: 14811:Nessen, Stephen (July 9, 2021). 14804: 14772: 14746: 14720: 14642: 14584: 14550: 14524: 14376: 14350: 14316: 14290: 14264: 14130: 14100: 14074: 14055:Yee, Vivian (November 9, 2014). 14048: 13893: 13867: 13841: 13807: 13781: 13722:Siff, Andrew (January 3, 2019). 13715: 13681: 13655: 13626: 13592: 13562: 13532: 13503: 13455:Brown, Nicole (March 18, 2016). 13448: 13420: 13394: 13372: 13332: 13306: 13276: 13250: 13216: 13176: 13120: 13094: 13077: 13052: 13022: 12988: 12962: 12936: 12910: 12884: 12832: 12806: 12776: 12745: 12713: 12687: 12661: 12540: 12510: 12484: 12458: 12435: 12409: 12395: 12376: 12350: 12324: 12298: 12272: 12236: 12161: 12082: 12055: 12021: 11995: 11983: 11956:Brooke, James (April 29, 1986). 11882:Goldman, Ari L. (June 2, 1983). 11875: 11848:Goldman, Ari L. (June 5, 1983). 11841: 11831: 11815:"TA proposes four route changes" 11806: 11784: 11772: 11759: 11725: 11695: 11686: 11665: 11656: 11647: 11638: 11629: 11620: 11611: 11598: 11589: 11580: 11552: 11531:Fowler, Glenn (April 27, 1975). 11524: 11508: 11458: 11436: 11390: 11303: 11265: 11238: 11208: 11171: 11144: 11134: 11109: 11099: 11074: 11061: 11051: 11030: 11020: 10999: 10926: 10863: 10838: 10804: 10785: 10758:Brooke, James (April 29, 1986). 10751: 10741: 10716: 10706: 10685: 10675: 10650: 10621: 10587: 10553: 10402:Brooke, James (April 29, 1986). 10361: 10290: 10256: 10110:"On Subway Graffiti in New York" 10101: 9990: 9962: 9936: 9914: 9888: 9874: 9846: 9681:"Board of Transportation – 1951" 9673: 9528: 9441: 9415: 9281: 9264: 9251: 9108: 9071: 9055: 9037: 9022: 8964: 8938: 8855: 8823: 8803: 8781: 8759: 8731: 8640: 8462: 7684:. September 17, 1908. p. 16 7651:Wilson, Tracy (March 22, 2007). 7063:. November 14, 1897. p. 31. 6894:"L.I. Traction Reorganization". 6289:Hilger, James (March 23, 2009). 5775:In 1960, a person nicknamed the 5689:, injuring at least five people. 5420:train hit a bumper block at the 5380:IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line 5349:October 3, 1918: A collision at 4338:IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line 3821:Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street 3696:IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line 3147:, and the remaining part of the 3072:IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line 3017:Jackson Heights–Roosevelt Avenue 2715:to increase the passenger load. 2648:in Queens starting in 1977. The 2410:IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line 2214:plans for an ambitious expansion 2164: 2149: 1664:Manhattan Bridge Three Cent Line 1637:Cambridge subway (MBTA Red Line) 1591:. The BRT's track went over the 1536:uses 625 V DC third rail.) 821:IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line 22: 17259:. New York Media, LLC. p. 16849:. June 28, 2017. Archived from 15809:Gold, Michael (June 22, 2022). 15433:Watkins, Ali (August 8, 2022). 14323:Barron, James (June 29, 2017). 14145:New York City Transit Authority 13382:. ABC 7 New York. June 27, 2017 13320:. CBS Local. September 14, 2014 11919:Brooke, James (March 3, 1986). 11559:Hanley, Robert (May 12, 1975). 11347:. British American Publishing. 10659:"City cites a rail improvement" 8972:"Remembering the 9th Avenue El" 8322:Building the Independent Subway 8252: 8219: 8191: 8163: 8123:. September 10, 1932. p. 1 8107: 8032: 7999: 7966: 7937: 7908: 7879: 7846: 7696: 7667: 7644: 7613: 7583: 7550: 7521: 7492: 7465: 7436: 7387: 7374: 7345: 7334: 7307:. Law Print. Company. pp. 7294: 7268: 7243: 7227:. BMT-Lines.com. Archived from 7217: 7196: 7175: 7154: 7133: 7112: 7084:. November 6, 1898. p. 30. 7067: 7010: 6989: 6968: 6950: 6929: 6925:. February 9, 1896. p. 23. 6908: 6887: 6824: 6797: 6758: 6739: 6727: 6693: 6677: 6632: 6580: 6558: 6540: 6521: 6375: 6350: 6334:. March 4, 2016. Archived from 6324: 6305: 6282: 6270: 6110: 6030: 5787:, injuring at least 29 people. 5736:January 10, 2024: A northbound 5670:May 2, 2014: A Manhattan-bound 5604:train collided with another at 5365:28th Street (BMT Broadway Line) 5157:congestion pricing in Manhattan 5088:that kept malfunctioning. The 4990:and Fresh Pond Bridge over the 4850:on weekdays instead of via the 4568:train, which ran normally from 4525:was closed until September 21. 4370:Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street 4168:Jamaica Center – Parsons/Archer 4142:Long Island City – Court Square 4033:Building a 10-car platform for 3796:Adding a non-stop express from 3732:Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center 3582:Rehabilitation and rising trend 3575:Automated Fare Collection (AFC) 3522: 3298:New York City Police Department 3023:. Following the 1970 accident, 2670:New York City Police Department 2603:Hudson & Manhattan Railroad 1659:, but using narrow-width cars. 1622:. This corresponded to today's 1522:New York City Transit Authority 1507:, struggled over acceptance of 1485:The IRT main powerhouse in 1904 1055:Early history of the IRT subway 792:. Since IRT infrastructure is 743:New York City Transit Authority 17686:. W. W. Norton & Company. 16699:Newman, Andy (June 21, 2000). 14557:Hu, Winnie (October 1, 2017). 14537:Railway Track & Structures 13427:Rivoli, Dan (March 17, 2016). 11116:Liff, Mark (October 1, 1982). 9239:. October 15, 1949. p. 17 8681:"Subway Station Opens Aug. 28" 7444:"Subway at Fulton Street Busy" 7098:"Flynn Enjoins Nassau Lease". 6904:. January 18, 1896. p. 1. 5956: 5931: 5906: 5843: 5814: 5678:, injuring at least 19 people. 5266:Joint Task Force Empire Shield 5057:Federal Transit Administration 4920:to the system, especially the 4800: 4630:in 2008, as well as increased 4607: 4132:Lexington Avenue / 53rd Street 2278: 2271:and the three stations on the 1643:, however, had to be the same 1491:Railway electrification system 1307:Kings County Elevated Railroad 1137:outside of its regular bonded 1031:Beginnings and rapid expansion 766:Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company 1: 17588:Derrick, Peter (April 2002). 16444:"3 Hurt in Subway Derailment" 14921:"Third Regional Plan Summary" 14505:Clark, Dray (July 25, 2017). 11492:Chiasson, George (May 2010). 11251:. Little Brown. p. 304. 9200:"No. 7 Subway Line Extension" 8916:"About NYC Transit – History" 8739:"New Lines Shift City Travel" 8450:. August 18, 1933. p. 20 8448:Old Fulton New York Postcards 8295:Seyfried, Vincent F. (1995). 7980:. August 2, 1918. p. 1. 7171:. April 16, 1899. p. 57. 7129:. March 19, 1899. p. 35. 6946:. August 26, 1898. p. 7. 6863:, published 1918, pp. 139–161 6528:adrianne (February 5, 2014). 6231:. New York. December 15, 2014 5807: 5772:at the Times Square station. 5648:April 12, 2000: A northbound 5611:July 3, 1997: A Queens-bound 5539:, killing 2 and injuring 188. 5204:during Phase 2, and south to 4652: 4456:Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue 3223:, criticized the 1986 plans. 2554:60th Street Tunnel Connection 2040:, opened on August 19, 1933. 1919:(ICOS), sometimes called the 1917:Independent City-Owned Subway 1227:Kings County Elevated Railway 876:Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad 841: 17727:Early Days of the NYC Subway 17649:Most, Doug (February 2014). 17634:. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. 17332:Kemp, Joe (March 27, 2012). 15843:Ley, Ana (October 6, 2023). 14271:Kirby, Jen (July 17, 2017). 12444:"IND 6th Ave./63rd St. Line" 10214:About New York City Graffiti 10042:About New York City Graffiti 9931:; November 16, 1962; page 22 9924:; November 9, 1962; page 37 9178:New York City Mayor's Office 8839:. March 12, 1924. p. 1. 8819:. August 4, 1923. p. 9. 8626:. Fordham University Press. 8151:. January 2, 1936. p. 1 7860:. June 3, 1917. p. 33. 7150:. March 21, 1899. p. 1. 6985:. March 25, 1899. p. 1. 6421:"The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel" 6386:"The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel" 6278:Fewer Than 1,000 Days to Go! 6096:Mid-Continent Railway Museum 5692:June 27, 2017: A southbound 5659:June 21, 2000: A southbound 5619:station, injuring 15 people. 5435:, killing 2 and injuring 77. 5332:train derailment in May 2014 4699:45th Road–Court House Square 4695:Lexington Avenue–63rd Street 4691:Lexington Avenue/59th Street 4331:collapses of the Twin Towers 4311:and needed to be demolished. 4039:Building transfer stations: 3021:1928 Times Square derailment 2834:was to be replaced with the 2748:Lexington Avenue–59th Street 1566:South Ferry–Whitehall Street 1471:Flatbush Avenue LIRR station 1323: 1162:Long Island Traction Company 1125:Tubes for subway line under 755:seventh busiest in the world 7: 18626:LaGuardia Airport extension 17720: 16234:. NBC New York. May 2, 2014 12405:. New York. April 22, 2013. 11829:– via newspapers.com 11374:University of Chicago Press 11132:– via newspapers.com 11097:– via newspapers.com 11049:– via newspapers.com 11018:– via newspapers.com 10861:– via newspapers.com 10739:– via newspapers.com 10704:– via newspapers.com 10673:– via newspapers.com 10080:Kelling, George L. (2009). 9096:. Banksofthesusquehanna.com 8207:. April 9, 1936. p. 23 8179:. April 6, 1936. p. 23 7954:. July 17, 1918. p. 13 7331:, January 14, 1907, page 18 7213:. June 17, 1899. p. 1. 7108:. April 4, 1899. p. 1. 7037:September 27, 2007, at the 6936:"Rapid Transit Statement". 6588:"Early Transit in Brooklyn" 6566:"Early Transit in New York" 5790: 5641:train in a tunnel near the 5472:led to a rear-end accident. 4562:59th Street–Columbus Circle 4044:Broadway – Lafayette Street 4021:700 subway cars for the IRT 3970:Broadway – Lafayette Street 3782:Adding a K service via the 3449:service was truncated from 3258:group began patrolling the 3117:161st Street–Yankee Stadium 2858: 1941:to follow the three-letter 806:New York City fiscal crisis 188:Annual passenger ridership 10: 19066: 18718:2019–2020 L train shutdown 18584:Chrystie Street Connection 12244:"1 9 2 3 Service Restored" 11498:New York Division Bulletin 11245:Gladwell, Malcolm (2002). 10908:New York Division Bulletin 9510:New York Division Bulletin 9347:. May 16, 1941. p. 25 9261:. Fordham University Press 8346:Raskin, Joseph B. (2013). 7595:New York Division Bulletin 7564:. May 2, 1908. p. 1. 7192:. May 24, 1900. p. 1. 7161:"Local Stocks and Bonds". 7119:"Local Stocks and Bonds". 7053:"Local Stocks and Bonds". 7006:. July 7, 1899. p. 1. 6915:"Local Stocks and Bonds". 6321:. Retrieved April 8, 2009. 5544:derailment at Union Square 5449:killed one and injured 50. 5413:in the Bronx, injuring 48. 5382:killed 16 and injured 100. 5376:derailment in Times Square 5360:killed 97 and injured 200. 5353:killed two and injured 18. 5316:IRT White Plains Road Line 5219: 5107: 4836:Chrystie Street Connection 4502:, which ran normally from 4460:BMT Montague Street Tunnel 4435:station, which sits under 4314: 4156:Times Square – 42nd Street 4121:21st Street – Queensbridge 4046:station to the northbound 3849:One Person Train Operation 3784:Chrystie Street Connection 3526: 3230: 3145:IRT White Plains Road Line 2923:Ridership and service cuts 2862: 2791:was made available to the 2777: 2707:Late 1950s and early 1960s 2601:for $ 700 million and the 2566:Chrystie Street Connection 2507: 2253:Chrystie Street Connection 2177: 1933:premier Manhattan mainline 1931:after the location of its 1886: 1677: 1605:Chrystie Street Connection 1488: 1295:Brooklyn Elevated Railroad 1233:. Trains were operated by 1219:Brooklyn Elevated Railroad 1149: 1068:New York State Legislature 1052: 1013:stock market crash in 1873 19025:Manhattan Railway Company 18962: 18904: 18846: 18773: 18726: 18703: 18677: 18664:Williamsburg Bridge, 1995 18636: 18571: 18538: 18529: 18498: 18458: 18423: 18392: 18378: 18362: 18258: 18210: 18089: 18043: 18034: 18012: 17979: 17810: 17732:October 29, 2009, at the 14923:. rpa.org. Archived from 14603:New York City Comptroller 11067:"Cops Are Night Riders", 7620:Cudahy, Brian J. (2003). 7371:, August 2, 1908, page 10 6996:"To Run Road Next Week". 6626:"Beach Pneumatic Transit" 5687:Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets 5606:Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall 5561:station; 45 were injured. 5440:Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets 4844:IND Queens Boulevard Line 4824:Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard 4769:construction in June 2011 4667:IND Queens Boulevard Line 4578:34th Street–Herald Square 4519:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 4248:On October 29, 1989, the 4057:A connection between the 4048:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 3989:IND Queens Boulevard Line 3885:IND Queens Boulevard Line 3845:Regional Plan Association 3710:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 3656:Projects during this time 3610:closed-circuit television 3248:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 3208:Regional Plan Association 2891:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 2865:Graffiti in New York City 2752:Grand Central–42nd Street 2626:BMT Lexington Avenue Line 2562:IND Queens Boulevard Line 2468:with a single station on 2419:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 2394:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 2298:MTA New York City Transit 1921:Independent Subway System 1889:Independent Subway System 1570:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 1426:New York Central Railroad 1385:on the West Side Branch. 1375:Manhattan Railway Company 1166:Brooklyn Heights Railroad 970:steam excursion railroads 778:Independent Subway System 699: 187: 18250:Sixth Avenue/63rd Street 17526:Brian J. Cudahy (1995). 14446:"NYC Subway Action Plan" 12784:"No. 7 Subway Extension" 9120:August 24, 2014, at the 7742:Diehl, Lorraine (2004). 7628:Fordham University Press 7355:, published 1918, p. 204 7182:"L Merger Certificate". 6639:Brennan, Joseph (2005). 6117:Mark S. Feinman (2000). 5740:train derailed near the 5578:train collided near the 5389:killed 2 and injured 51. 5245:April 2022 mass shooting 5120:Genius Transit Challenge 5005:The MTA also planned to 4926:Howard Beach–JFK Airport 4885:South Ferry loop station 4848:Forest Hills–71st Avenue 4679:Forest Hills–71st Avenue 4628:increases in fuel prices 4544:trains were extended to 4362:34th Street–Penn Station 4264: 4254:21st Street–Queensbridge 4146:23rd Street – Ely Avenue 4123:, opened in October 1989 4085:IRT Eastern Parkway Line 4054:(done in September 2012) 3728:IRT Eastern Parkway Line 3592:BMT Franklin Avenue Line 3226: 2983:, criticized the plans. 2889:A graffitied car on the 2552:for the first time, the 2454:Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue 2415:IRT Eastern Parkway Line 2261:MTA Capital Construction 2054:(predecessor to current 1987: 1929:The Eighth Avenue Subway 1834:34th Street–Penn Station 1830:Times Square–42nd Street 1760:from Manhattan over the 1756:and an extension of the 1614:in Brooklyn, leading to 1388:Service was extended to 1277:Atlantic Avenue Railroad 1273:Nassau Electric Railroad 1061:City of Greater New York 19020:Beach Pneumatic Transit 18861:Mass Transit Super Bowl 12655:April 26, 2014, at the 11521:, May 12, 1975, page 20 11328:New York Transit Museum 11178:Glazer, Nathan (1979). 10108:Glazer, Nathan (1979), 9900:Flickr – Photo Sharing! 9602:2027/mdp.39015023094926 9577:2027/mdp.39015020928621 9135:"Top New York Projects" 8474:Flickr – Photo Sharing! 8444:Long Island Daily Press 7794:Derrick, Peter (2001). 7480:. Interborough Bulletin 7472:Merritt, A. L. (1914). 7380:Burroughs and Company, 6766:Beach Pneumatic Transit 6210:March 14, 2016, at the 5802:Beach Pneumatic Transit 5656:, injuring nine people. 5630:, injuring four people. 5557:trains collided at the 5431:trains crashed west of 5297:Incidents and accidents 5104:2017 state of emergency 4949:loop-configured station 4928:and Hammels Wye on the 4661:from 2001 to 2013. The 4538:Five World Trade Center 4454:(which was extended to 4368:trains running between 4077:Franklin Avenue Shuttle 3843:On March 25, 1986, the 3826:During rush hours, the 3673:Franklin Avenue Shuttle 3650:Franklin Avenue Shuttle 3213:Broadway–Seventh Avenue 3158:One day in January saw 2942:East Midtown, Manhattan 2846:tracks at Park Avenue. 2819:was funded as follows: 2679:Transport Workers Union 1568:in Manhattan, with the 1172:. It then acquired the 1170:Brooklyn City Rail Road 990:Beach Pneumatic Transit 984:Beach Pneumatic Transit 976:Beach Pneumatic Transit 18912:Automation and signals 17709:MTA timeline of events 17609:Hood, Clifton (2004). 17534:. Fordham Univ Press. 15933:"NYC Subway accidents" 12697:. Arup. Archived from 11679:July 23, 2011, at the 10000:. Second Avenue Sagas. 9453:Greenpoint Weekly Star 9257:Cudahy, Brian (2002). 9049:March 4, 2016, at the 8305:on September 23, 2016. 6804:Hood, Clifton (1995). 6317:March 3, 2016, at the 5542:August 28, 1991: In a 5507:train derailed on the 5356:November 1, 1918: The 5345: 5333: 5075: 4984:BMT Myrtle Avenue Line 4961:Montague Street Tunnel 4901: 4888: 4875:Hurricane Sandy damage 4852:BMT Fourth Avenue Line 4834:, routing it over the 4830:was combined with the 4770: 4617: 4598:Broadway–Nassau Street 4574:Bedford Park Boulevard 4530:IND Eighth Avenue Line 4464:BMT Fourth Avenue Line 4429:Montague Street Tunnel 4340:, which ran below the 4312: 4180:IND Fulton Street Line 4162:The new stations were 4124: 3976: 3908:Grand Central Terminal 3760:, running between the 3724:BMT Fourth Avenue Line 3668: 3599: 3483:BMT Archer Avenue Line 3422: 3404:Grand Central Terminal 3303: 3296:MTA police radios and 3233:Crime in New York City 3180:The newest fleet, the 3149:BMT Myrtle Avenue Line 3109:IRT Jerome Avenue Line 3012: 3000: 2894: 2882: 2874: 2836:BMT Archer Avenue Line 2775: 2664: 2661:BMT Myrtle Avenue Line 2650:BMT Archer Avenue Line 2638:BMT Myrtle Avenue Line 2630:BMT Fulton Street Line 2533: 2521: 2441: 2344: 2318:BMT Fulton Street Line 2308:in Manhattan, and the 2306:IRT Second Avenue Line 2292: 2289:IRT Second Avenue Line 2263:-funded stations (the 2131:IND Fulton Street Line 2076:23rd Street–Ely Avenue 1945:of the other systems. 1861:IRT Jerome Avenue Line 1825: 1758:Second Avenue Elevated 1725: 1589:BMT Nassau Street Line 1557: 1549: 1486: 1446:IRT Second Avenue Line 1357: 1338: 1329:Original IRT contracts 1289:South Brooklyn Railway 1245: 1168:and the lessee of the 1145: 1130: 1118: 1050: 1040: 985: 865:Atlantic Avenue Tunnel 860: 819:, particularly on the 741:. Its operator is the 108: 88: 18997:Staten Island Railway 18871:MTA Arts & Design 18801:Dey Street Passageway 17551:"The New York Subway" 17139:The New York Elevated 16085:. February 28, 1970. 15998:Subway FAQ: Accidents 15935:. nycsubway.org. 2009 15695:. December 31, 2020. 15097:. MTA. Archived from 14791:New York Public Radio 13040:on September 14, 2021 12620:Staten Island Advance 12389:July 2, 2018, at the 11311:"Showing Image 72501" 9142:New York Construction 9034:May 27, 1940, page 19 7705:"BMT 4th Avenue Line" 7351:James Blaine Walker, 6962:May 23, 2006, at the 6859:James Blaine Walker, 6777:Clifton Hood (2004). 5754:Ninth Avenue Elevated 5750:a derailment happened 5608:station, injuring 87. 5570:February 9, 1995: An 5553:October 7, 1993: Two 5532:, injuring 36 people. 5496:November 20, 1980: A 5489:December 13, 1978: A 5416:February 27, 1970: A 5339: 5327: 5282:platform screen doors 5262:New York State Police 5186:Rockaway Beach Branch 5172:Planning of new lines 5066: 4918:caused serious damage 4910:Long Island Rail Road 4894: 4882: 4840:IND Sixth Avenue Line 4795:Long Island Rail Road 4773:In October 2007, the 4765: 4737:Third Avenue elevated 4665:'s connection to the 4615: 4476:Bay Ridge–95th Street 4303: 4119: 3967: 3879:Rockaway Beach Branch 3853:Long Island Rail Road 3704:IND Sixth Avenue Line 3663: 3589: 3517:Beverley Road station 3427:IRT Third Avenue Line 3420: 3381:reckless endangerment 3324:Fixing Broken Windows 3294: 3206:In 1986, the MTA and 3006: 2994: 2908:Fixing Broken Windows 2888: 2880: 2872: 2840:IRT Third Avenue Line 2769: 2658: 2622:IRT Third Avenue Line 2599:Long Island Rail Road 2579:By January 1955, the 2574:IND Sixth Avenue Line 2527: 2520:was completed in 1954 2515: 2462:Long Island Rail Road 2431: 2342: 2302:IRT Ninth Avenue Line 2286: 2229:Rockaway Beach Branch 2088:Long Island Rail Road 2078:station opened as an 2026:IRT Sixth Avenue Line 1865:IRT Ninth Avenue Line 1819: 1798:Lexington Avenue Line 1711: 1555: 1547: 1489:Further information: 1484: 1454:IRT Lenox Avenue Line 1450:IRT Third Avenue Line 1362:Long Island Rail Road 1355: 1336: 1243: 1124: 1116: 1078:(then Elm Street) to 1048: 983: 880:Long Island Rail Road 854: 762:IRT Ninth Avenue Line 107: 79:New York City Subway 78: 37:into articles titled 18876:Music Under New York 18649:Malbone Street, 1918 18604:Second Avenue Subway 18589:Interborough Express 18225:Broadway/63rd Street 17804:New York City Subway 17234:on February 24, 2021 17179:. Smithsonianmag.com 17042:. September 22, 2020 16990:. September 20, 2020 14708:. September 16, 2019 14656:. September 25, 2018 14630:. September 24, 2018 13965:on December 22, 2013 13935:on December 24, 2013 13360:on December 10, 2016 13294:on December 11, 2018 12764:on December 23, 2013 12528:on September 6, 2015 11216:"DON'T DO IT (1988)" 10847:"The Subway Savages" 10725:"Riding for a fall?" 9948:www.thejoekorner.com 8744:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8266:. December 5, 1938. 8233:. December 7, 1938. 7206:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7185:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7164:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7143:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7122:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7101:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7077:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7056:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6999:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6978:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6939:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6918:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6897:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6554:. December 18, 2010. 6332:"Atlantic Av Tunnel" 6159:on February 23, 2019 5992:. The New York Times 5781:mass shooting attack 5770:death of Michelle Go 5652:train derailed near 5626:train derailed near 5589:, a Manhattan-bound 5503:January 12, 1981: A 5424:station, injuring 7. 5358:Malbone Street Wreck 5342:Malbone Street Wreck 4858:to Bay Parkway. The 4733:Second Avenue Subway 4663:IND 63rd Street Line 4327:New York City Subway 4323:September 11 attacks 4309:September 11 attacks 4250:IND 63rd Street Line 3998:Second Avenue Subway 3985:IND 63rd Street Line 3869:IND 63rd Street Line 3857:Metro-North Railroad 3431:Metro-North Railroad 3237:In the 1960s, mayor 3137:IRT Dyre Avenue Line 3089:Williamsburg Bridges 2930:Second Avenue Subway 2850:Deferred maintenance 2772:Second Avenue Subway 2607:Second Avenue Subway 2556:(1955), linking the 2542:Second Avenue Subway 2538:deferred maintenance 2446:IRT Dyre Avenue Line 2324:Division differences 2273:Second Avenue Subway 2225:IRT Dyre Avenue Line 2191:Second Avenue Subway 2171:1939 expansion plans 2046:trains ran local to 1904:Malbone Street Wreck 1838:Pennsylvania Station 1740:, and eventually to 1712:The track layout of 1601:Williamsburg Bridges 1208:Coney Island Complex 1017:Rogers Peet Building 836:Second Avenue Subway 813:September 11 attacks 707:New York City Subway 18786:58 Joralemon Street 17630:Lange, Tod (2011). 17338:New York Daily News 17015:New York Daily News 16817:The Washington Post 16338:"R-32 (Budd, 1964)" 15502:New York Daily News 15327:New York Daily News 15126:New York Daily News 15071:. December 23, 2016 15045:on January 12, 2017 14760:. February 20, 2019 14452:on January 22, 2021 14277:Daily Intelligencer 14118:on October 30, 2014 13906:New York Daily News 13820:Wall Street Journal 13667:Commercial Observer 13550:on January 19, 2021 13434:New York Daily News 12976:. November 19, 2012 12924:. November 20, 2012 12794:on February 9, 2015 12701:on February 2, 2009 12675:on February 5, 2009 12442:Darlington, Peggy. 12286:. September 8, 2018 11819:New York Daily News 11767:New York Daily News 11473:. New York, NY, USA 11222:. January 9, 2010. 11196:on October 17, 2015 11122:New York Daily News 11087:New York Daily News 11069:New York Daily News 11039:New York Daily News 11008:New York Daily News 10851:New York Daily News 10729:New York Daily News 10694:New York Daily News 10663:New York Daily News 10126:on October 17, 2015 9718:. New York: Knopf. 9630:. December 12, 1950 9427:The Leader-Observer 9400:Wave of Long Island 8926:on October 19, 2002 8539:. December 30, 1936 7655:. HowStuffWorks.com 6838:. September 3, 1999 6684:"The Secret Subway" 6471:on October 10, 2014 6431:on February 6, 2007 5731:96th Street station 5727:Two trains collided 5637:train rear-ended a 5600:August 23, 1995: A 5585:June 5, 1995: In a 5537:Clark Street Tunnel 5374:August 24, 1928: A 4621:Ridership increases 3871:to southeast Queens 3473:was truncated from 3455:Smith–Ninth Streets 3365:R22 subway car 7657 3055:New York Daily News 3052:In December 1978 a 2954:Smith–Ninth Streets 2713:42nd Street Shuttle 2611:proposed extensions 2257:Harlem–148th Street 2251:) were part of the 2237:Archer Avenue Lines 2235:), six were on the 1966:Smith–Ninth Streets 1875:on April 15, 1919. 1873:Clark Street Tunnel 1852:, on July 1, 1918. 1822:Clark Street Tunnel 1794:42nd Street Shuttle 1657:Williamsburg Bridge 1610:A BRT subway under 1513:alternating current 1505:George Westinghouse 1497:war of the currents 1194:Gravesend, New York 1098:and a branch under 817:service disruptions 786:several connections 18856:In popular culture 18659:Union Square, 1991 18654:Times Square, 1928 18644:Ninth Avenue, 1905 18609:Historic proposals 18599:7 Subway Extension 18594:Program for Action 18354:East New York Loop 18122:EE (Eighth Avenue) 17755:The New York Times 17471:. October 24, 1960 17469:The New York Times 17416:The New York Times 17390:The New York Times 17365:. January 19, 2022 17363:The New York Times 17205:The New York Times 17164:September 16, 1905 16783:The New York Times 16731:The New York Times 16705:The New York Times 16645:The New York Times 16602:The New York Times 16575:The New York Times 16550:The New York Times 16525:. January 12, 1981 16523:The New York Times 16498:The New York Times 16473:The New York Times 16448:The New York Times 16423:The New York Times 16398:The New York Times 16317:The New York Times 16292:The New York Times 16259:The New York Times 16184:The New York Times 16151:The New York Times 16117:The New York Times 16083:The New York Times 16065:The New York Times 16017:The New York Times 15849:The New York Times 15815:The New York Times 15755:The New York Times 15633:The New York Times 15580:The New York Times 15439:The New York Times 15353:The New York Times 15293:The New York Times 15179:. March 16, 2020. 15177:The New York Times 14901:on August 21, 2013 14843:The New York Times 14706:The New York Times 14628:The New York Times 14563:The New York Times 14389:The New York Times 14329:The New York Times 14243:The New York Times 14206:The New York Times 14172:The New York Times 14088:. October 27, 2014 14061:The New York Times 14042:The New York Times 13990:The New York Times 13694:The New York Times 13605:The New York Times 13580:on August 21, 2016 13259:"The R Roars Back" 13229:The New York Times 13001:The New York Times 12627:on August 10, 2009 12592:The New York Times 12363:The New York Times 12337:The New York Times 12284:The New York Times 12174:The New York Times 12140:The New York Times 12095:The New York Times 12068:The New York Times 12034:The New York Times 12003:"lower left front" 11962:The New York Times 11925:The New York Times 11888:The New York Times 11854:The New York Times 11738:The New York Times 11566:The New York Times 11538:The New York Times 11471:The New York Times 11418:College Literature 11403:The New York Times 11297:The New York Times 11220:MTA.info (YouTube) 10978:The New York Times 10936:(March 11, 1990). 10934:The New York Times 10817:The New York Times 10764:The New York Times 10638:. November 5, 1980 10636:The New York Times 10600:The New York Times 10566:The New York Times 10474:The New York Times 10408:The New York Times 10374:The New York Times 10340:The New York Times 10303:The New York Times 10269:The New York Times 10235:The New York Times 10153:The New York Times 9976:The New York Times 9861:The New York Times 9683:. Thejoekorner.com 9658:The New York Times 9627:The New York Times 9524:– via Issuu. 9486:. January 16, 1958 9483:The New York Times 9376:The New York Times 9345:The New York Times 9309:The New York Times 9237:The New York Times 9180:. December 3, 2007 9031:The New York Times 8982:on August 18, 2014 8868:The New York Times 8836:The New York Times 8816:The New York Times 8717:The New York Times 8688:The New York Times 8654:. April 24, 1937. 8652:The New York Times 8598:The New York Times 8567:The New York Times 8536:The New York Times 8418:The New York Times 8325:. Quadrant Press. 8264:The New York Times 8231:The New York Times 8204:The New York Times 8176:The New York Times 8148:The New York Times 8120:The New York Times 8047:The New York Times 8013:. April 16, 1919. 8011:The New York Times 7978:The New York Times 7952:The New York Times 7923:The New York Times 7894:The New York Times 7858:The New York Times 7832:The New York Times 7682:The New York Times 7653:"How Subways Work" 7562:The New York Times 7538:. January 19, 1908 7536:The New York Times 7507:The New York Times 7453:. January 17, 1905 7451:The New York Times 6706:The New York Times 6651:on October 6, 2007 6490:The New York Times 6407:. Brooklynrail.net 6388:. Brooklynrail.net 6381:Multiple sources: 6189:The New York Times 5718:train derailed at 5346: 5334: 5226:The spread of the 5168:renewed 49 times. 5140:The New York Times 5138:In November 2017, 5081:The New York Times 5076: 4998:tunnels under the 4930:Rockaway Peninsula 4902: 4889: 4775:7 Subway Extension 4771: 4767:7 Subway Extension 4618: 4602:World Trade Center 4478:). In Queens, the 4468:BMT Sea Beach Line 4392:until October 1). 4342:World Trade Center 4313: 4296:September 11, 2001 4172:Jamaica – Van Wyck 4125: 4108:IND Crosstown Line 3977: 3933:IND Concourse Line 3802:World Trade Center 3762:Financial District 3669: 3600: 3503:. Debris from the 3423: 3267:Train to the Plane 3217:BMT Sea Beach Line 3113:IND Concourse Line 3105:IND Crosstown Line 3076:BMT Sea Beach Line 3013: 3001: 2997:BMT Sea Beach Line 2938:63rd Street Tunnel 2895: 2883: 2875: 2817:Program for Action 2784:In the mid-1960s, 2780:Program for Action 2776: 2762:Program for Action 2665: 2642:BMT Culver Shuttle 2534: 2522: 2442: 2345: 2314:Third Avenue Lines 2293: 2269:7 Subway Extension 2064:IND Crosstown Line 2018:West Fourth Street 1995:Eighth Avenue Line 1883:Independent System 1826: 1766:60th Street Tunnel 1726: 1720:and two different 1585:Nassau Street Loop 1558: 1550: 1503:and his opponent, 1487: 1419:Van Cortlandt Park 1358: 1339: 1246: 1212:Coney Island Creek 1131: 1129:, being sunk, 1904 1119: 1051: 986: 907:elevated railroads 861: 832:7 Subway Extension 825:World Trade Center 109: 89: 19037: 19036: 19033: 19032: 18769: 18768: 18669:96th Street, 2024 18454: 18453: 18374: 18373: 18137:HH (Court Street) 18030: 18029: 17601:978-0-8147-1954-1 17541:978-0-8232-1618-5 16342:www.nycsubway.org 15477:. August 14, 2022 15268:on April 29, 2020 15036:maloney.house.gov 14431:on April 24, 2021 13669:. January 3, 2019 12974:Second Ave. Sagas 11794:. October 4, 1998 11608:on June 27, 2010. 11454:on June 11, 2008. 11383:978-0-226-25334-3 11354:978-0-945167-08-2 11258:978-0-316-34662-7 11248:The Tipping Point 10943:Observer–Reporter 9725:978-0-394-48076-3 9210:on March 15, 2012 9176:(Press release). 8719:. August 26, 1939 8633:978-0-8232-6190-1 8513:978-3-642-30484-2 8420:. August 18, 1933 8391:. August 21, 2013 8367:978-0-82325-369-2 8332:978-0-915276-50-9 7709:www.nycsubway.org 7609:– via Issu. 7255:www.nycsubway.org 6451:on April 18, 2009 5725:January 4, 2024: 5530:BMT West End Line 5509:BMT Brighton Line 5411:East 180th Street 5404:IRT New Lots Line 5344:killed 97 people. 5190:LaGuardia Airport 5086:incline elevators 4996:BMT Canarsie Line 4922:IND Rockaway Line 4897:IND Rockaway Line 4862:was truncated to 4856:BMT West End Line 4779:IRT Flushing Line 4659:Michael Bloomberg 4425:BMT Broadway Line 4008:BMT Brighton Line 3955:BMT West End Line 3891:IRT Flushing Line 3861:Midtown Manhattan 3792:midtown Manhattan 3758:BMT West End Line 3720:BMT Brighton Line 3714:BMT Broadway Line 3700:BMT Canarsie Line 3552:Michael Bloomberg 3513:BMT Brighton Line 3509:BMT West End Line 3330:George L. Kelling 3141:IND Rockaway Line 3133:BMT West End Line 3121:Broadway Junction 3101:BMT Canarsie Line 3026:New York Magazine 2813:63rd Street Lines 2634:downtown Brooklyn 2558:BMT Broadway Line 2450:IND Rockaway Line 2438:IND Rockaway Line 2241:63rd Street Lines 2233:IND Rockaway Line 2014:Sixth Avenue Line 1982:Gowanus, Brooklyn 1811:Greenwich Village 1778:1939 World's Fair 1762:Queensboro Bridge 1564:An IRT line from 1399:Harlem Ship Canal 1267:Sea View Railroad 1261:Sea Beach Railway 1198:BMT West End Line 1036:The first subways 1025:City Hall Station 1021:BMT Broadway Line 703: 702: 183: 182: 73: 72: 19057: 19010: 19009: 18995: 18985: 18975: 18886:Subway Challenge 18836:Dyckman-Hillside 18536: 18535: 18521:R-type contracts 18390: 18389: 18082: 18075: 18068: 18061: 18054: 18041: 18040: 18023: 17984: 17977: 17976: 17972: 17965: 17958: 17951: 17944: 17937: 17930: 17923: 17916: 17909: 17902: 17895: 17888: 17881: 17874: 17867: 17860: 17853: 17846: 17839: 17832: 17825: 17797: 17790: 17783: 17774: 17773: 17750:The Subway Issue 17697: 17678: 17666: 17645: 17626: 17605: 17584: 17572: 17570: 17568: 17545: 17533: 17512: 17511: 17509: 17507: 17487: 17481: 17480: 17478: 17476: 17461: 17455: 17454: 17452: 17450: 17433: 17427: 17426: 17424: 17422: 17407: 17401: 17400: 17398: 17396: 17381: 17375: 17374: 17372: 17370: 17355: 17349: 17348: 17346: 17344: 17329: 17323: 17322: 17320: 17318: 17305: 17299: 17298: 17296: 17294: 17281: 17275: 17274: 17269: 17267: 17250: 17244: 17243: 17241: 17239: 17224: 17218: 17217: 17215: 17213: 17195: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17184: 17173: 17167: 17156: 17150: 17137:Robert C. Reed, 17135: 17129: 17128: 17126: 17124: 17109: 17103: 17102: 17100: 17098: 17083: 17077: 17076: 17074: 17072: 17058: 17052: 17051: 17049: 17047: 17032: 17026: 17025: 17023: 17021: 17006: 17000: 16999: 16997: 16995: 16980: 16974: 16973: 16971: 16969: 16964:. March 27, 2020 16954: 16948: 16947: 16945: 16943: 16928: 16922: 16921: 16919: 16917: 16895: 16889: 16888: 16886: 16884: 16879:. March 27, 2020 16869: 16863: 16862: 16860: 16858: 16853:on June 28, 2017 16839: 16833: 16832: 16830: 16828: 16823:on June 28, 2017 16819:. Archived from 16808: 16802: 16801: 16799: 16797: 16774: 16768: 16767: 16765: 16763: 16748: 16742: 16741: 16739: 16737: 16722: 16716: 16715: 16713: 16711: 16696: 16690: 16689: 16687: 16685: 16670: 16664: 16663: 16661: 16659: 16636: 16621: 16620: 16618: 16616: 16593: 16587: 16586: 16584: 16582: 16577:. April 27, 1986 16567: 16561: 16560: 16558: 16556: 16541: 16535: 16534: 16532: 16530: 16515: 16509: 16508: 16506: 16504: 16490: 16484: 16483: 16481: 16479: 16465: 16459: 16458: 16456: 16454: 16440: 16434: 16433: 16431: 16429: 16415: 16409: 16408: 16406: 16404: 16395: 16386: 16380: 16379: 16377: 16375: 16360: 16354: 16353: 16351: 16349: 16334: 16328: 16327: 16325: 16323: 16309: 16303: 16302: 16300: 16298: 16284: 16278: 16277: 16275: 16273: 16250: 16244: 16243: 16241: 16239: 16228: 16203: 16202: 16200: 16198: 16176: 16170: 16169: 16167: 16165: 16142: 16136: 16135: 16133: 16131: 16108: 16102: 16101: 16099: 16097: 16075: 16069: 16068: 16057: 16051: 16050: 16048: 16046: 16035: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16024: 16014: 16006: 16000: 15994: 15945: 15944: 15942: 15940: 15929: 15920: 15919: 15917: 15915: 15900: 15894: 15893: 15891: 15889: 15874: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15863: 15840: 15834: 15833: 15831: 15829: 15806: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15795: 15780: 15774: 15773: 15771: 15769: 15746: 15740: 15739: 15737: 15735: 15715: 15709: 15708: 15706: 15704: 15685: 15679: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15651: 15649: 15647: 15624: 15622: 15620: 15605: 15599: 15598: 15596: 15594: 15571: 15565: 15564: 15562: 15560: 15545: 15539: 15538: 15536: 15534: 15519: 15513: 15512: 15510: 15508: 15493: 15487: 15486: 15484: 15482: 15467: 15458: 15457: 15455: 15453: 15430: 15424: 15423: 15421: 15419: 15404: 15398: 15397: 15395: 15393: 15387:Business Insider 15378: 15372: 15371: 15369: 15367: 15344: 15338: 15337: 15335: 15333: 15318: 15312: 15311: 15309: 15307: 15284: 15278: 15277: 15275: 15273: 15264:. Archived from 15253: 15247: 15246: 15244: 15242: 15227: 15221: 15220: 15218: 15216: 15202: 15196: 15195: 15193: 15191: 15169: 15163: 15162: 15160: 15158: 15152:Harlem, NY Patch 15143: 15137: 15136: 15134: 15132: 15117: 15111: 15110: 15108: 15106: 15101:on April 8, 2014 15087: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15069:Harlem, NY Patch 15061: 15055: 15054: 15052: 15050: 15044: 15033: 15024: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15013: 15008:. March 19, 2014 14998: 14992: 14991: 14989: 14987: 14981:Queens Chronicle 14972: 14966: 14965: 14963: 14961: 14943: 14937: 14936: 14934: 14932: 14927:on July 28, 2013 14917: 14911: 14910: 14908: 14906: 14887: 14881: 14880: 14878: 14876: 14860: 14854: 14853: 14851: 14849: 14834: 14828: 14827: 14825: 14823: 14808: 14802: 14801: 14799: 14797: 14776: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14765: 14750: 14744: 14743: 14741: 14739: 14724: 14718: 14717: 14715: 14713: 14698: 14692: 14691: 14689: 14687: 14672: 14666: 14665: 14663: 14661: 14646: 14640: 14639: 14637: 14635: 14620: 14614: 14613: 14611: 14609: 14601:. Office of the 14588: 14582: 14581: 14579: 14577: 14554: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14543: 14528: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14502: 14493: 14492: 14490: 14488: 14473: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14457: 14448:. Archived from 14440: 14438: 14436: 14427:. Archived from 14417: 14408: 14407: 14405: 14403: 14380: 14374: 14373: 14371: 14369: 14354: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14343: 14320: 14314: 14313: 14311: 14309: 14303:Business Insider 14294: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14283: 14268: 14262: 14261: 14259: 14257: 14234: 14225: 14224: 14222: 14220: 14197: 14191: 14190: 14188: 14186: 14163: 14157: 14156: 14154: 14152: 14142: 14134: 14128: 14127: 14125: 14123: 14114:. Archived from 14112:DNAinfo New York 14104: 14098: 14097: 14095: 14093: 14078: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14067: 14052: 14046: 14045: 14033: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14022: 14007: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13996: 13981: 13975: 13974: 13972: 13970: 13951: 13945: 13944: 13942: 13940: 13925: 13919: 13918: 13916: 13914: 13909:. March 17, 2009 13897: 13891: 13890: 13888: 13886: 13881:. March 11, 2009 13871: 13865: 13864: 13862: 13860: 13845: 13839: 13838: 13836: 13834: 13811: 13805: 13804: 13802: 13800: 13785: 13779: 13778: 13776: 13774: 13769:. March 25, 2019 13760: 13752: 13739: 13738: 13736: 13734: 13719: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13674: 13659: 13653: 13652: 13650: 13648: 13638: 13630: 13624: 13623: 13621: 13619: 13596: 13590: 13589: 13587: 13585: 13576:. Archived from 13574:DNAinfo New York 13566: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13555: 13546:. Archived from 13536: 13530: 13529: 13527: 13525: 13507: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13478: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13467: 13452: 13446: 13445: 13443: 13441: 13424: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13413: 13398: 13392: 13391: 13389: 13387: 13376: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13365: 13359: 13344: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13325: 13310: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13299: 13280: 13274: 13273: 13271: 13269: 13254: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13243: 13220: 13214: 13213: 13207: 13199: 13197: 13195: 13180: 13174: 13173: 13171: 13169: 13150: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13139: 13124: 13118: 13117: 13115: 13113: 13098: 13092: 13086: 13081: 13075: 13074: 13072: 13070: 13056: 13050: 13049: 13047: 13045: 13036:. Archived from 13026: 13020: 13019: 13017: 13015: 12992: 12986: 12985: 12983: 12981: 12966: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12931: 12929: 12922:forgotten-ny.com 12914: 12908: 12907: 12905: 12903: 12888: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12872:. March 19, 2010 12862: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12846:. March 23, 2015 12836: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12825: 12810: 12804: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12790:. Archived from 12780: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12760:. Archived from 12749: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12738: 12733:on July 21, 2011 12732: 12726:. Archived from 12725: 12717: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12706: 12691: 12685: 12684: 12682: 12680: 12665: 12659: 12646: 12637: 12636: 12634: 12632: 12623:. Archived from 12610: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12582: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12564: 12559:on March 4, 2016 12555:. Archived from 12544: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12533: 12514: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12496:thejoekorner.com 12488: 12482: 12481: 12479: 12477: 12470:thejoekorner.com 12462: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12451: 12439: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12413: 12407: 12406: 12399: 12393: 12380: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12369: 12354: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12319: 12317: 12302: 12296: 12295: 12293: 12291: 12276: 12270: 12269: 12267: 12265: 12260:on July 16, 2003 12259: 12248: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12227: 12219: 12217: 12215: 12210:on March 5, 2013 12206:. Archived from 12199: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12131: 12114: 12113: 12111: 12109: 12086: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12075: 12059: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12048: 12025: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12014: 12009:on July 22, 2018 11999: 11993: 11987: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11953: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11916: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11902: 11879: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11868: 11845: 11839: 11838: 11836: 11835: 11828: 11826: 11810: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11799: 11788: 11782: 11776: 11770: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11754: 11752: 11729: 11723: 11717: 11702: 11699: 11693: 11690: 11684: 11669: 11663: 11660: 11654: 11651: 11645: 11642: 11636: 11633: 11627: 11624: 11618: 11615: 11609: 11602: 11596: 11593: 11587: 11584: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11528: 11522: 11512: 11506: 11505: 11489: 11483: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11462: 11456: 11455: 11440: 11434: 11433: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11365: 11359: 11358: 11337: 11331: 11321: 11315: 11314: 11307: 11301: 11300: 11288: 11282: 11281: 11274:"Broken Windows" 11269: 11263: 11262: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11212: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11201: 11195: 11187:National Affairs 11184: 11175: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11148: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11138: 11131: 11129: 11113: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11103: 11096: 11094: 11078: 11072: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11055: 11034: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11024: 11003: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10992: 10969: 10960: 10959: 10957: 10955: 10930: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10899: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10888: 10877: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10867: 10860: 10858: 10842: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10808: 10802: 10801: 10798:RAND Corporation 10789: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10755: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10745: 10738: 10736: 10720: 10714: 10713: 10711: 10710: 10689: 10683: 10682: 10680: 10679: 10672: 10670: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10633: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10536: 10527: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10511: 10496: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10465: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10432: 10419: 10418: 10416: 10414: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10388: 10365: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10331: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10294: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10283: 10260: 10254: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10226: 10217: 10211: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10195:on June 29, 2019 10181: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10144: 10135: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10125: 10117:National Affairs 10114: 10105: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10077: 10068: 10067: 10056: 10045: 10039: 10022: 10011: 10002: 10001: 9994: 9988: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9940: 9934: 9918: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9892: 9886: 9885: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9858: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9824: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9759: 9738: 9737: 9706: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9661:. August 2, 1946 9654: 9646: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9623: 9615: 9606: 9605: 9590: 9581: 9580: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9549:. September 2021 9544: 9532: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9502: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9479: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9445: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9372: 9363: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9337: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9300: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9268: 9262: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9229: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9206:. Archived from 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9170: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9150: 9139: 9131: 9125: 9112: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9090: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9059: 9053: 9041: 9035: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9009:thethirdrail.net 9001: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8912: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8827: 8821: 8820: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8785: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8714: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8690:. August 5, 1939 8685: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8594: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8570:. March 17, 1937 8563: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8532: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8497: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8415: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8389:thejoekorner.com 8381: 8372: 8371: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8316: 8307: 8306: 8292: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8086: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8044: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7970: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7949: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7920: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7891: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7834:. March 10, 1918 7829: 7821: 7810: 7809: 7791: 7776: 7775: 7769: 7761: 7749: 7739: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7679: 7671: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7648: 7642: 7641: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7533: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7504: 7496: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7448: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7399: 7391: 7385: 7378: 7372: 7362: 7356: 7349: 7343: 7338: 7332: 7322: 7313: 7312: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7282:. March 24, 2019 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7247: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7225:"Transit Truths" 7221: 7215: 7214: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7095: 7086: 7085: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7050: 7041: 7029: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7007: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6972: 6966: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6891: 6885: 6881:nycsubway.org — 6879: 6864: 6857: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6836:forgotten-ny.com 6828: 6822: 6821: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6743: 6737: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6697: 6691: 6681: 6675: 6672:Damn Interesting 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6647:. Archived from 6636: 6630: 6629: 6628:. nycsubway.org. 6622: 6616: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6525: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6447:. Archived from 6440: 6438: 6436: 6427:. Archived from 6416: 6414: 6412: 6406: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6362: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6338:on June 25, 2014 6328: 6322: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6221: 6215: 6202: 6193: 6182:Kennedy, Randy. 6180: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6145: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6062: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5826: 5818: 5783:occurred on the 5433:Roosevelt Avenue 5287:upgraded signals 5196:as far north as 5188:; and a line to 4988:BMT Jamaica Line 4722:terminal station 4693:station and the 4433:Cortlandt Street 4354:Cortlandt Street 4305:Cortlandt Street 4196:Manhattan Bridge 4194:trains over the 4100:BMT Jamaica Line 4098:stations on the 4067:Whitehall Street 3904:East Side Access 3775:and eliminating 3756:service via the 3548:Rudolph Giuliani 3501:BMT Astoria Line 3471:BMT Jamaica Line 3373:attempted murder 3341:African American 3339:shot four young 3197: 3196: 3192: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3093:BMT Jamaica Line 2832:BMT Jamaica Line 2790: 2687:air conditioning 2646:BMT Jamaica Line 2640:(1969), and the 2590:The Power Broker 2570:Manhattan Bridge 2490:Great Depression 2448:in 1941 and the 2354:BMT Astoria Line 2316:and most of the 2304:and most of the 2210:flying junctions 2168: 2153: 2118:Great Depression 2084:BMT Jamaica Line 2034:Roosevelt Avenue 1972:stations on the 1962:Queens Boulevard 1909:line to Flushing 1750:Queensboro Plaza 1714:Queensboro Plaza 1343:John B. McDonald 1205: 1076:Lafayette Street 1027:under Broadway. 998:Alfred Ely Beach 857:Greenwich Street 201: 185: 175: 168: 161: 91: 90: 68: 65: 26: 25: 18: 19065: 19064: 19060: 19059: 19058: 19056: 19055: 19054: 19040: 19039: 19038: 19029: 19008: 18964: 18958: 18937:Pizza Principle 18900: 18848: 18842: 18796:Corbin Building 18765: 18728: 18722: 18705: 18699: 18673: 18637:Notable crashes 18632: 18621:Other proposals 18567: 18525: 18494: 18450: 18419: 18370: 18358: 18254: 18206: 18102:9 (Dyre Avenue) 18085: 18036: 18026: 18008: 17999:Franklin Avenue 17975: 17813: 17806: 17801: 17736:– slideshow by 17734:Wayback Machine 17723: 17705: 17700: 17694: 17677:. October 1931. 17675:Popular Science 17669: 17663: 17642: 17623: 17602: 17566: 17564: 17542: 17521: 17519:Further reading 17516: 17515: 17505: 17503: 17488: 17484: 17474: 17472: 17463: 17462: 17458: 17448: 17446: 17435: 17434: 17430: 17420: 17418: 17408: 17404: 17394: 17392: 17382: 17378: 17368: 17366: 17357: 17356: 17352: 17342: 17340: 17330: 17326: 17316: 17314: 17306: 17302: 17292: 17290: 17282: 17278: 17265: 17263: 17251: 17247: 17237: 17235: 17226: 17225: 17221: 17211: 17209: 17208:. New York City 17196: 17192: 17182: 17180: 17175: 17174: 17170: 17157: 17153: 17136: 17132: 17122: 17120: 17118:www.cbsnews.com 17110: 17106: 17096: 17094: 17084: 17080: 17070: 17068: 17060: 17059: 17055: 17045: 17043: 17034: 17033: 17029: 17019: 17017: 17007: 17003: 16993: 16991: 16982: 16981: 16977: 16967: 16965: 16956: 16955: 16951: 16941: 16939: 16937:nydailynews.com 16929: 16925: 16915: 16913: 16897: 16896: 16892: 16882: 16880: 16871: 16870: 16866: 16856: 16854: 16841: 16840: 16836: 16826: 16824: 16809: 16805: 16795: 16793: 16775: 16771: 16761: 16759: 16749: 16745: 16735: 16733: 16723: 16719: 16709: 16707: 16697: 16693: 16683: 16681: 16671: 16667: 16657: 16655: 16637: 16624: 16614: 16612: 16594: 16590: 16580: 16578: 16569: 16568: 16564: 16554: 16552: 16542: 16538: 16528: 16526: 16517: 16516: 16512: 16502: 16500: 16492: 16491: 16487: 16477: 16475: 16467: 16466: 16462: 16452: 16450: 16442: 16441: 16437: 16427: 16425: 16417: 16416: 16412: 16402: 16400: 16393: 16387: 16383: 16373: 16371: 16361: 16357: 16347: 16345: 16336: 16335: 16331: 16321: 16319: 16311: 16310: 16306: 16296: 16294: 16286: 16285: 16281: 16271: 16269: 16251: 16247: 16237: 16235: 16230: 16229: 16206: 16196: 16194: 16177: 16173: 16163: 16161: 16143: 16139: 16129: 16127: 16109: 16105: 16095: 16093: 16077: 16076: 16072: 16059: 16058: 16054: 16044: 16042: 16037: 16036: 16032: 16022: 16020: 16012: 16008: 16007: 16003: 15995: 15948: 15938: 15936: 15931: 15930: 15923: 15913: 15911: 15901: 15897: 15887: 15885: 15875: 15871: 15861: 15859: 15841: 15837: 15827: 15825: 15807: 15803: 15793: 15791: 15781: 15777: 15767: 15765: 15747: 15743: 15733: 15731: 15716: 15712: 15702: 15700: 15687: 15686: 15682: 15672: 15670: 15660:Washington Post 15652: 15645: 15643: 15625: 15618: 15616: 15606: 15602: 15592: 15590: 15572: 15568: 15558: 15556: 15546: 15542: 15532: 15530: 15520: 15516: 15506: 15504: 15494: 15490: 15480: 15478: 15469: 15468: 15461: 15451: 15449: 15431: 15427: 15417: 15415: 15405: 15401: 15391: 15389: 15379: 15375: 15365: 15363: 15345: 15341: 15331: 15329: 15319: 15315: 15305: 15303: 15285: 15281: 15271: 15269: 15254: 15250: 15240: 15238: 15236:nydailynews.com 15228: 15224: 15214: 15212: 15204: 15203: 15199: 15189: 15187: 15171: 15170: 15166: 15156: 15154: 15144: 15140: 15130: 15128: 15118: 15114: 15104: 15102: 15089: 15088: 15084: 15074: 15072: 15063: 15062: 15058: 15048: 15046: 15042: 15031: 15025: 15021: 15011: 15009: 15000: 14999: 14995: 14985: 14983: 14973: 14969: 14959: 14957: 14944: 14940: 14930: 14928: 14919: 14918: 14914: 14904: 14902: 14889: 14888: 14884: 14874: 14872: 14861: 14857: 14847: 14845: 14835: 14831: 14821: 14819: 14809: 14805: 14795: 14793: 14777: 14773: 14763: 14761: 14752: 14751: 14747: 14737: 14735: 14733:nydailynews.com 14725: 14721: 14711: 14709: 14700: 14699: 14695: 14685: 14683: 14681:nydailynews.com 14673: 14669: 14659: 14657: 14648: 14647: 14643: 14633: 14631: 14622: 14621: 14617: 14607: 14605: 14589: 14585: 14575: 14573: 14555: 14551: 14541: 14539: 14529: 14525: 14515: 14513: 14503: 14496: 14486: 14484: 14483:. July 25, 2017 14475: 14474: 14467: 14455: 14453: 14444: 14434: 14432: 14419: 14418: 14411: 14401: 14399: 14381: 14377: 14367: 14365: 14355: 14351: 14341: 14339: 14321: 14317: 14307: 14305: 14295: 14291: 14281: 14279: 14269: 14265: 14255: 14253: 14235: 14228: 14218: 14216: 14198: 14194: 14184: 14182: 14164: 14160: 14150: 14148: 14147:. July 29, 2016 14140: 14136: 14135: 14131: 14121: 14119: 14106: 14105: 14101: 14091: 14089: 14080: 14079: 14075: 14065: 14063: 14053: 14049: 14034: 14030: 14020: 14018: 14008: 14004: 13994: 13992: 13982: 13978: 13968: 13966: 13953: 13952: 13948: 13938: 13936: 13927: 13926: 13922: 13912: 13910: 13899: 13898: 13894: 13884: 13882: 13873: 13872: 13868: 13858: 13856: 13846: 13842: 13832: 13830: 13812: 13808: 13798: 13796: 13786: 13782: 13772: 13770: 13758: 13754: 13753: 13742: 13732: 13730: 13720: 13716: 13706: 13704: 13686: 13682: 13672: 13670: 13661: 13660: 13656: 13646: 13644: 13636: 13632: 13631: 13627: 13617: 13615: 13597: 13593: 13583: 13581: 13568: 13567: 13563: 13553: 13551: 13538: 13537: 13533: 13523: 13521: 13509: 13508: 13504: 13494: 13492: 13480: 13479: 13475: 13465: 13463: 13453: 13449: 13439: 13437: 13425: 13421: 13411: 13409: 13399: 13395: 13385: 13383: 13378: 13377: 13373: 13363: 13361: 13357: 13342: 13338: 13337: 13333: 13323: 13321: 13312: 13311: 13307: 13297: 13295: 13282: 13281: 13277: 13267: 13265: 13255: 13251: 13241: 13239: 13221: 13217: 13201: 13200: 13193: 13191: 13182: 13181: 13177: 13167: 13165: 13154:"G Line Review" 13152: 13151: 13147: 13137: 13135: 13126: 13125: 13121: 13111: 13109: 13100: 13099: 13095: 13084: 13082: 13078: 13068: 13066: 13058: 13057: 13053: 13043: 13041: 13028: 13027: 13023: 13013: 13011: 12993: 12989: 12979: 12977: 12968: 12967: 12963: 12953: 12951: 12941: 12937: 12927: 12925: 12916: 12915: 12911: 12901: 12899: 12889: 12885: 12875: 12873: 12864: 12863: 12859: 12849: 12847: 12838: 12837: 12833: 12823: 12821: 12811: 12807: 12797: 12795: 12782: 12781: 12777: 12767: 12765: 12750: 12746: 12736: 12734: 12730: 12723: 12719: 12718: 12714: 12704: 12702: 12693: 12692: 12688: 12678: 12676: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12657:Wayback Machine 12647: 12640: 12630: 12628: 12611: 12607: 12597: 12595: 12583: 12572: 12562: 12560: 12545: 12541: 12531: 12529: 12516: 12515: 12511: 12501: 12499: 12490: 12489: 12485: 12475: 12473: 12464: 12463: 12459: 12449: 12447: 12446:. nycsubway.org 12440: 12436: 12426: 12424: 12414: 12410: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12391:Wayback Machine 12381: 12377: 12367: 12365: 12355: 12351: 12341: 12339: 12329: 12325: 12315: 12313: 12304: 12303: 12299: 12289: 12287: 12278: 12277: 12273: 12263: 12261: 12257: 12246: 12242: 12241: 12237: 12221: 12220: 12213: 12211: 12200: 12196: 12186: 12184: 12166: 12162: 12152: 12150: 12132: 12117: 12107: 12105: 12087: 12083: 12073: 12071: 12060: 12056: 12046: 12044: 12026: 12022: 12012: 12010: 12001: 12000: 11996: 11988: 11984: 11974: 11972: 11954: 11947: 11937: 11935: 11917: 11910: 11900: 11898: 11880: 11876: 11866: 11864: 11846: 11842: 11830: 11824: 11822: 11811: 11807: 11797: 11795: 11790: 11789: 11785: 11777: 11773: 11764: 11760: 11750: 11748: 11730: 11726: 11718: 11705: 11700: 11696: 11691: 11687: 11681:Wayback Machine 11670: 11666: 11661: 11657: 11652: 11648: 11643: 11639: 11634: 11630: 11625: 11621: 11616: 11612: 11603: 11599: 11594: 11590: 11585: 11581: 11571: 11569: 11557: 11553: 11543: 11541: 11529: 11525: 11513: 11509: 11490: 11486: 11476: 11474: 11463: 11459: 11442: 11441: 11437: 11414: 11410: 11395: 11391: 11384: 11366: 11362: 11355: 11338: 11334: 11322: 11318: 11309: 11308: 11304: 11289: 11285: 11270: 11266: 11259: 11243: 11239: 11229: 11227: 11214: 11213: 11209: 11199: 11197: 11193: 11182: 11176: 11172: 11162: 11160: 11149: 11145: 11133: 11127: 11125: 11114: 11110: 11098: 11092: 11090: 11079: 11075: 11066: 11062: 11050: 11035: 11031: 11019: 11004: 11000: 10990: 10988: 10970: 10963: 10953: 10951: 10931: 10927: 10917: 10915: 10900: 10896: 10886: 10884: 10878: 10874: 10862: 10856: 10854: 10843: 10839: 10829: 10827: 10809: 10805: 10790: 10786: 10776: 10774: 10756: 10752: 10740: 10734: 10732: 10721: 10717: 10705: 10690: 10686: 10674: 10668: 10666: 10655: 10651: 10641: 10639: 10631: 10627: 10626: 10622: 10612: 10610: 10592: 10588: 10578: 10576: 10558: 10554: 10544: 10542: 10534: 10528: 10519: 10509: 10507: 10497: 10488: 10478: 10476: 10466: 10459: 10449: 10447: 10433: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10400: 10396: 10386: 10384: 10366: 10362: 10352: 10350: 10332: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10295: 10291: 10281: 10279: 10261: 10257: 10247: 10245: 10227: 10220: 10212: 10208: 10198: 10196: 10183: 10182: 10175: 10165: 10163: 10145: 10138: 10129: 10127: 10123: 10112: 10106: 10102: 10092: 10090: 10078: 10071: 10058: 10057: 10048: 10040: 10025: 10012: 10005: 9996: 9995: 9991: 9981: 9979: 9967: 9963: 9953: 9951: 9942: 9941: 9937: 9919: 9915: 9905: 9903: 9902:. June 15, 2016 9894: 9893: 9889: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9856: 9852: 9851: 9847: 9837: 9835: 9827:Feinman, Mark. 9825: 9782: 9772: 9770: 9762:Feinman, Mark. 9760: 9741: 9726: 9707: 9696: 9686: 9684: 9679: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9652: 9648: 9647: 9643: 9633: 9631: 9621: 9617: 9616: 9609: 9592: 9591: 9584: 9567: 9566: 9562: 9552: 9550: 9538: 9534: 9533: 9529: 9519: 9517: 9504: 9503: 9499: 9489: 9487: 9477: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9458: 9456: 9447: 9446: 9442: 9432: 9430: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9370: 9364: 9360: 9350: 9348: 9339: 9338: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9301: 9294: 9286: 9282: 9269: 9265: 9256: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9231: 9230: 9223: 9213: 9211: 9198: 9197: 9193: 9183: 9181: 9172: 9171: 9164: 9154: 9152: 9151:on July 8, 2011 9148: 9137: 9133: 9132: 9128: 9122:Wayback Machine 9113: 9109: 9099: 9097: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9076: 9072: 9060: 9056: 9051:Wayback Machine 9042: 9038: 9027: 9023: 9013: 9011: 9003: 9002: 8995: 8985: 8983: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8943: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8914: 8913: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8844: 8829: 8828: 8824: 8809: 8808: 8804: 8794: 8792: 8791:. nycsubway.org 8787: 8786: 8782: 8772: 8770: 8769:. nycsubway.org 8765: 8764: 8760: 8750: 8748: 8737: 8736: 8732: 8722: 8720: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8703: 8693: 8691: 8683: 8679: 8678: 8674: 8664: 8662: 8646: 8645: 8641: 8634: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8601:. April 9, 1937 8592: 8588: 8587: 8583: 8573: 8571: 8561: 8557: 8556: 8552: 8542: 8540: 8530: 8526: 8525: 8521: 8514: 8498: 8489: 8479: 8477: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8438: 8437: 8433: 8423: 8421: 8413: 8409: 8408: 8404: 8394: 8392: 8383: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8317: 8310: 8293: 8286: 8276: 8274: 8258: 8257: 8253: 8243: 8241: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8210: 8208: 8197: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8169: 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8113: 8112: 8108: 8098: 8096: 8088: 8087: 8062: 8052: 8050: 8049:. June 13, 1920 8042: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8005: 8004: 8000: 7990: 7988: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7947: 7943: 7942: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7909: 7899: 7897: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7880: 7870: 7868: 7852: 7851: 7847: 7837: 7835: 7827: 7823: 7822: 7813: 7806: 7792: 7779: 7763: 7762: 7758: 7740: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7677: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7658: 7656: 7649: 7645: 7638: 7618: 7614: 7604: 7602: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7574: 7572: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7541: 7539: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7512: 7510: 7509:. July 10, 1905 7502: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7483: 7481: 7470: 7466: 7456: 7454: 7446: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7427: 7425: 7416: 7412: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7379: 7375: 7363: 7359: 7350: 7346: 7339: 7335: 7323: 7316: 7299: 7295: 7285: 7283: 7280:www.cbsnews.com 7274: 7273: 7269: 7259: 7257: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7234: 7232: 7231:on May 14, 2014 7223: 7222: 7218: 7202: 7201: 7197: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7097: 7096: 7089: 7073: 7072: 7068: 7052: 7051: 7044: 7039:Wayback Machine 7030: 7023: 7019:, nycsubway.org 7015: 7011: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6964:Wayback Machine 6955: 6951: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6880: 6867: 6858: 6851: 6841: 6839: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6818: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6775: 6771: 6763: 6759: 6744: 6740: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6698: 6694: 6682: 6678: 6668: 6664: 6654: 6652: 6645:Beach Pneumatic 6637: 6633: 6624: 6623: 6619: 6607: 6603: 6593: 6591: 6590:. NYCSubway.org 6586: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6568:. NYCSubway.org 6564: 6563: 6559: 6546: 6545: 6541: 6526: 6522: 6510: 6508: 6503: 6494: 6492: 6474: 6472: 6463: 6454: 6452: 6443: 6434: 6432: 6419: 6410: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6391: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6319:Wayback Machine 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6287: 6283: 6276:The Launch Box— 6275: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6212:Wayback Machine 6203: 6196: 6181: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6147: 6146: 6137: 6127: 6125: 6115: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6098:. April 8, 2006 6090: 6089: 6085: 6075: 6073: 6064: 6063: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6036: 6035: 6031: 6021: 6019: 6010: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5922: 5920: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5810: 5793: 5762: 5760:Other disasters 5643:Steinway Street 5628:Franklin Avenue 5470:Longwood Avenue 5454:Steinway Tunnel 5422:Pelham Bay Park 5304: 5302:Train accidents 5299: 5274: 5224: 5218: 5210:Lower Manhattan 5174: 5112: 5106: 5053: 5051:Expansions open 4953:Greenpoint Tube 4906:Hurricane Sandy 4877: 4872: 4870:2010s and 2020s 4803: 4718:island platform 4655: 4639:Hurricane Sandy 4623: 4610: 4594:Chambers Street 4498:except for the 4423:Service on the 4405:New Lots Avenue 4346:Chambers Street 4319: 4298: 4267: 4262: 4083:station on the 4081:Franklin Avenue 4052:Bleecker Street 4016:IND Culver Line 4004:Parkside Avenue 3996:Completing the 3983:Connecting the 3974:Bleecker Street 3764:and Bay Parkway 3694:station on the 3658: 3584: 3531: 3525: 3505:IRT Pelham Line 3491: 3415: 3315:Richard Ravitch 3308:IRT Pelham Line 3290:quality of life 3286:Sanford Garelik 3256:Guardian Angels 3235: 3229: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3129:IND Culver Line 2989: 2925: 2867: 2861: 2852: 2785: 2782: 2764: 2709: 2701:Guardian Angels 2696:subway services 2546:IND Culver Line 2530:BMT Culver Line 2510: 2405:William O'Dwyer 2403:In 1946, Mayor 2362: 2326: 2281: 2267:station on the 2259:terminal. Four 2182: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2161: 2160: 2158:expansion plans 2154: 2143: 2141:Expansion plans 2086:subway and the 2080:in-fill station 2048:Hudson Terminal 2007:Hudson Terminal 1990: 1891: 1885: 1871:Avenue via the 1846:Chambers Street 1832:, a shuttle to 1770:trackage rights 1754:Steinway Tunnel 1682: 1676: 1574:Pelham Bay Park 1542: 1540:Triborough plan 1493: 1479: 1477:Electrification 1467:Atlantic Avenue 1403:Broadway Bridge 1366:Flatbush Avenue 1331: 1326: 1275:(lessee of the 1231:Brooklyn Bridge 1201: 1192:in the Town of 1154: 1148: 1057: 1043: 1038: 1033: 978: 966:Brooklyn Bridge 911:New York County 892:Atlantic Avenue 890:at the foot of 884:Atlantic Branch 869:grade-separated 849: 844: 772:, BMT) and the 179: 69: 63: 60: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 19063: 19053: 19052: 19035: 19034: 19031: 19030: 19028: 19027: 19022: 19016: 19014: 19007: 19006: 19005: 19004: 18989: 18979: 18968: 18966: 18965:transit in NYC 18960: 18959: 18957: 18956: 18951: 18946: 18941: 18940: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18919: 18914: 18908: 18906: 18902: 18901: 18899: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18858: 18852: 18850: 18844: 18843: 18841: 18840: 18839: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18805: 18804: 18803: 18798: 18788: 18783: 18777: 18775: 18774:Infrastructure 18771: 18770: 18767: 18766: 18764: 18763: 18758: 18753: 18748: 18743: 18738: 18732: 18730: 18724: 18723: 18721: 18720: 18715: 18709: 18707: 18701: 18700: 18698: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18681: 18679: 18675: 18674: 18672: 18671: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18640: 18638: 18634: 18633: 18631: 18630: 18629: 18628: 18618: 18617: 18616: 18611: 18601: 18596: 18591: 18586: 18581: 18575: 18573: 18569: 18568: 18566: 18565: 18563:Dual Contracts 18560: 18559: 18558: 18548: 18542: 18540: 18533: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18502: 18500: 18496: 18495: 18493: 18492: 18491: 18490: 18485: 18475: 18474: 18473: 18462: 18460: 18456: 18455: 18452: 18451: 18449: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18427: 18425: 18421: 18420: 18418: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18396: 18394: 18387: 18376: 18375: 18372: 18371: 18366: 18364: 18360: 18359: 18357: 18356: 18351: 18349:Brooklyn Loops 18346: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18265: 18263: 18256: 18255: 18253: 18252: 18247: 18242: 18237: 18232: 18227: 18222: 18216: 18214: 18208: 18207: 18205: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18093: 18091: 18087: 18086: 18084: 18083: 18076: 18069: 18062: 18055: 18047: 18045: 18038: 18032: 18031: 18028: 18027: 18025: 18024: 18016: 18014: 18010: 18009: 18007: 18006: 18001: 17996: 17990: 17988: 17974: 17973: 17966: 17959: 17952: 17945: 17938: 17931: 17924: 17917: 17910: 17903: 17896: 17889: 17882: 17875: 17868: 17861: 17854: 17847: 17840: 17833: 17826: 17818: 17816: 17808: 17807: 17800: 17799: 17792: 17785: 17777: 17771: 17770: 17764: 17758: 17747: 17742: 17722: 17719: 17718: 17717: 17711: 17704: 17703:External links 17701: 17699: 17698: 17693:978-0393057973 17692: 17679: 17667: 17661: 17646: 17641:978-0764338496 17640: 17627: 17621: 17606: 17600: 17585: 17574: 17546: 17540: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17482: 17456: 17428: 17402: 17376: 17350: 17324: 17300: 17276: 17245: 17219: 17190: 17168: 17162:, Elmira, NY, 17151: 17130: 17104: 17078: 17053: 17027: 17001: 16975: 16949: 16923: 16890: 16864: 16834: 16803: 16769: 16743: 16717: 16691: 16679:New York Times 16665: 16622: 16604:. p. 27. 16588: 16562: 16536: 16510: 16485: 16460: 16435: 16410: 16381: 16355: 16329: 16304: 16279: 16245: 16204: 16171: 16137: 16103: 16070: 16052: 16030: 16001: 15996:nycsubway.org— 15946: 15921: 15895: 15869: 15835: 15801: 15775: 15741: 15710: 15680: 15600: 15566: 15540: 15514: 15488: 15459: 15425: 15399: 15373: 15339: 15313: 15279: 15248: 15222: 15197: 15164: 15138: 15112: 15082: 15056: 15019: 14993: 14967: 14938: 14912: 14882: 14855: 14829: 14803: 14771: 14758:Brooklyn Paper 14745: 14719: 14693: 14667: 14641: 14615: 14583: 14549: 14523: 14494: 14465: 14463: 14462: 14409: 14375: 14349: 14315: 14289: 14263: 14226: 14192: 14158: 14129: 14099: 14073: 14047: 14028: 14002: 13976: 13946: 13920: 13892: 13866: 13840: 13806: 13780: 13740: 13714: 13680: 13654: 13625: 13591: 13561: 13531: 13502: 13473: 13447: 13419: 13393: 13371: 13331: 13305: 13288:Brooklyn Daily 13275: 13263:New York Times 13249: 13215: 13175: 13145: 13119: 13093: 13076: 13051: 13021: 12987: 12961: 12935: 12909: 12883: 12857: 12831: 12805: 12775: 12744: 12712: 12686: 12660: 12638: 12605: 12570: 12539: 12509: 12483: 12457: 12434: 12408: 12394: 12375: 12349: 12323: 12310:NBC 4 New York 12297: 12271: 12235: 12194: 12160: 12115: 12081: 12054: 12020: 11994: 11982: 11945: 11908: 11874: 11840: 11805: 11783: 11771: 11758: 11724: 11703: 11694: 11685: 11664: 11655: 11646: 11637: 11628: 11619: 11610: 11597: 11588: 11579: 11551: 11523: 11515:New York Times 11507: 11484: 11457: 11435: 11408: 11389: 11382: 11360: 11353: 11332: 11316: 11302: 11283: 11264: 11257: 11237: 11207: 11170: 11143: 11108: 11073: 11060: 11029: 10998: 10961: 10925: 10894: 10872: 10837: 10803: 10784: 10750: 10715: 10684: 10649: 10620: 10586: 10552: 10539:wagner.nyu.edu 10517: 10486: 10457: 10443:. pp. 3, 10420: 10394: 10360: 10323: 10289: 10255: 10218: 10206: 10173: 10136: 10100: 10069: 10046: 10023: 10003: 9989: 9961: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9929:New York Times 9922:New York Times 9913: 9887: 9873: 9845: 9780: 9739: 9724: 9694: 9672: 9641: 9607: 9582: 9560: 9527: 9497: 9466: 9440: 9414: 9389: 9358: 9329: 9292: 9280: 9263: 9250: 9221: 9191: 9162: 9126: 9107: 9082: 9077:nycsubway.org— 9070: 9068:, June 1, 1940 9062:New York Times 9054: 9036: 9021: 8993: 8963: 8937: 8888: 8854: 8849:nycsubway.org— 8842: 8822: 8802: 8780: 8758: 8747:. July 8, 1937 8730: 8701: 8672: 8639: 8632: 8612: 8581: 8550: 8519: 8512: 8487: 8476:. October 2015 8461: 8431: 8402: 8373: 8366: 8338: 8331: 8308: 8284: 8251: 8218: 8190: 8162: 8134: 8106: 8060: 8031: 7998: 7965: 7936: 7925:. July 2, 1918 7907: 7896:. June 4, 1917 7878: 7845: 7811: 7805:978-0814719107 7804: 7777: 7756: 7721: 7695: 7666: 7643: 7636: 7612: 7582: 7549: 7520: 7491: 7464: 7435: 7410: 7386: 7373: 7365:New York Times 7357: 7344: 7333: 7325:New York Times 7314: 7293: 7267: 7242: 7216: 7195: 7174: 7153: 7132: 7111: 7087: 7066: 7042: 7021: 7009: 6988: 6967: 6949: 6928: 6907: 6886: 6865: 6849: 6823: 6817:978-0801852442 6816: 6796: 6790:978-0801880544 6789: 6769: 6764:nycsubway.org— 6757: 6738: 6726: 6692: 6676: 6662: 6631: 6617: 6601: 6579: 6557: 6539: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6501: 6481: 6461: 6441: 6417: 6398: 6374: 6349: 6323: 6304: 6281: 6269: 6257: 6242: 6216: 6194: 6170: 6135: 6109: 6083: 6054: 6029: 6003: 5980: 5955: 5930: 5905: 5879: 5854: 5842: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5804: 5799: 5792: 5789: 5761: 5758: 5746: 5745: 5734: 5723: 5712: 5701: 5690: 5679: 5668: 5657: 5646: 5631: 5620: 5609: 5598: 5583: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5551: 5540: 5533: 5526: 5515: 5512: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5484: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5442:, injuring 37. 5436: 5425: 5414: 5407: 5406:, killing one. 5400: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5372: 5361: 5354: 5351:Jackson Avenue 5318:in the Bronx. 5312:Jackson Avenue 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5273: 5270: 5258:National Guard 5220:Main article: 5217: 5214: 5206:Hanover Square 5173: 5170: 5132:Scott Stringer 5108:Main article: 5105: 5102: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5040: 5037: 5022: 5011:Bedford Avenue 4992:Montauk Branch 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4802: 4799: 4791:West Side Yard 4787:Hell's Kitchen 4654: 4651: 4622: 4619: 4609: 4606: 4508:Brighton Beach 4315:Main article: 4297: 4294: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4160: 4159: 4149: 4139: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4096:Lorimer Street 4088: 4087:(done in 1999) 4073:Botanic Garden 4070: 4055: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4012:Seventh Avenue 4000: 3994: 3991: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3900: 3897: 3887: 3881: 3877:Restoring the 3875: 3872: 3867:Extending the 3841: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3824: 3806: 3805: 3794: 3780: 3765: 3750: 3735: 3734: 3716: 3706: 3657: 3654: 3618:Port Authority 3596:Botanic Garden 3583: 3580: 3524: 3521: 3490: 3487: 3435:Culver Shuttle 3414: 3411: 3388:race and crime 3337:Bernhard Goetz 3279:transit police 3228: 3225: 3221:Carol Greitzer 3204: 3203: 3199: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3143:, part of the 3139:, part of the 2988: 2987:Infrastructure 2985: 2981:Carol Greitzer 2924: 2921: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2828: 2827: 2824: 2778:Main article: 2763: 2760: 2708: 2705: 2595:Robert A. Caro 2509: 2506: 2361: 2358: 2325: 2322: 2280: 2277: 2178:Main article: 2170: 2163: 2162: 2155: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2097:, opened from 2095:Crosstown Line 1989: 1986: 1974:Culver Viaduct 1887:Main article: 1884: 1881: 1680:Dual Contracts 1678:Main article: 1675: 1674:Dual Contracts 1672: 1649:Dual Contracts 1632: 1631: 1608: 1581: 1556:A 1924 BMT map 1541: 1538: 1518:power stations 1509:direct current 1478: 1475: 1347:August Belmont 1345:and funded by 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1270: 1264: 1252:and the short 1244:Routes in 1897 1223:street railway 1150:Main article: 1147: 1144: 1053:Main article: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 994:public transit 977: 974: 848: 847:Steam railways 845: 843: 840: 701: 700: 697: 696: 693: 690: 684: 683: 680: 677: 671: 670: 667: 664: 658: 657: 654: 651: 645: 644: 641: 638: 632: 631: 628: 625: 619: 618: 615: 612: 606: 605: 602: 599: 593: 592: 589: 586: 580: 579: 576: 573: 567: 566: 563: 560: 554: 553: 550: 547: 541: 540: 537: 534: 528: 527: 524: 521: 515: 514: 511: 508: 502: 501: 498: 495: 489: 488: 485: 482: 476: 475: 472: 469: 463: 462: 459: 456: 450: 449: 446: 443: 437: 436: 433: 430: 424: 423: 420: 417: 411: 410: 407: 404: 398: 397: 394: 391: 385: 384: 381: 378: 372: 371: 368: 365: 359: 358: 355: 352: 346: 345: 342: 339: 333: 332: 329: 326: 320: 319: 316: 313: 307: 306: 303: 300: 294: 293: 290: 287: 281: 280: 277: 274: 268: 267: 264: 261: 255: 254: 251: 248: 242: 241: 238: 235: 229: 228: 225: 222: 216: 215: 212: 209: 203: 202: 197: 194: 190: 189: 181: 180: 178: 177: 170: 163: 155: 152: 151: 150: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 111: 110: 100: 99: 98:of articles on 71: 70: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19062: 19051: 19048: 19047: 19045: 19026: 19023: 19021: 19018: 19017: 19015: 19011: 19003: 19000: 18999: 18998: 18994: 18990: 18988: 18984: 18980: 18978: 18974: 18970: 18969: 18967: 18961: 18955: 18952: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18924: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18909: 18907: 18905:Miscellaneous 18903: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18891:Subway Series 18889: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18859: 18857: 18854: 18853: 18851: 18845: 18837: 18834: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18808: 18806: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18793: 18792: 18791:Fulton Center 18789: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18781:Accessibility 18779: 18778: 18776: 18772: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18736:1984 shooting 18734: 18733: 18731: 18725: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18710: 18708: 18702: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18682: 18680: 18676: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18641: 18639: 18635: 18627: 18624: 18623: 18622: 18619: 18615: 18612: 18610: 18607: 18606: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18576: 18574: 18570: 18564: 18561: 18557: 18554: 18553: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18543: 18541: 18539:Early history 18537: 18534: 18532: 18528: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18516:Rolling stock 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18503: 18501: 18497: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18480: 18479: 18476: 18472: 18469: 18468: 18467: 18464: 18463: 18461: 18457: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18428: 18426: 18422: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18397: 18395: 18391: 18388: 18385: 18381: 18377: 18369: 18365: 18363:Unused labels 18361: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18257: 18251: 18248: 18246: 18243: 18241: 18240:Nassau Street 18238: 18236: 18233: 18231: 18228: 18226: 18223: 18221: 18220:Bowling Green 18218: 18217: 18215: 18213: 18209: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18127:EE (Broadway) 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18094: 18092: 18088: 18081: 18077: 18074: 18070: 18067: 18063: 18060: 18056: 18053: 18049: 18048: 18046: 18042: 18039: 18033: 18022: 18018: 18017: 18015: 18011: 18005: 18004:Rockaway Park 18002: 18000: 17997: 17995: 17992: 17991: 17989: 17987: 17983: 17978: 17971: 17967: 17964: 17960: 17957: 17953: 17950: 17946: 17943: 17939: 17936: 17932: 17929: 17925: 17922: 17918: 17915: 17911: 17908: 17904: 17901: 17897: 17894: 17890: 17887: 17883: 17880: 17876: 17873: 17869: 17866: 17862: 17859: 17855: 17852: 17848: 17845: 17841: 17838: 17834: 17831: 17827: 17824: 17820: 17819: 17817: 17815: 17809: 17805: 17798: 17793: 17791: 17786: 17784: 17779: 17778: 17775: 17768: 17765: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17756: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17740: 17739:Life magazine 17735: 17731: 17728: 17725: 17724: 17715: 17714:nycsubway.org 17712: 17710: 17707: 17706: 17695: 17689: 17685: 17680: 17676: 17672: 17668: 17664: 17662:9780312591328 17658: 17654: 17653: 17647: 17643: 17637: 17633: 17628: 17624: 17622:9780801880544 17618: 17614: 17613: 17607: 17603: 17597: 17594:. NYU Press. 17593: 17592: 17586: 17582: 17581: 17575: 17562: 17558: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17543: 17537: 17532: 17531: 17524: 17523: 17501: 17497: 17493: 17486: 17470: 17466: 17460: 17444: 17443: 17438: 17432: 17417: 17413: 17406: 17391: 17387: 17380: 17364: 17360: 17354: 17339: 17335: 17328: 17313: 17312: 17304: 17289: 17288: 17280: 17273: 17272:subway death. 17262: 17258: 17257: 17249: 17233: 17229: 17223: 17207: 17206: 17201: 17194: 17178: 17172: 17165: 17161: 17155: 17148: 17147:0-498-02138-6 17144: 17140: 17134: 17119: 17115: 17108: 17093: 17089: 17082: 17067: 17066:Spectrum News 17063: 17057: 17046:September 22, 17041: 17040:ABC7 New York 17037: 17031: 17020:September 22, 17016: 17012: 17005: 16994:September 22, 16989: 16985: 16979: 16963: 16959: 16953: 16938: 16934: 16927: 16912: 16908: 16904: 16900: 16894: 16878: 16874: 16868: 16852: 16848: 16844: 16838: 16822: 16818: 16814: 16807: 16792: 16788: 16784: 16780: 16773: 16762:September 13, 16758: 16754: 16747: 16732: 16728: 16721: 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15873: 15858: 15854: 15850: 15846: 15839: 15824: 15820: 15816: 15812: 15805: 15790: 15786: 15779: 15764: 15760: 15756: 15752: 15745: 15729: 15725: 15721: 15714: 15698: 15694: 15690: 15684: 15669: 15665: 15661: 15657: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15615: 15611: 15604: 15589: 15585: 15581: 15577: 15570: 15555: 15551: 15544: 15529: 15525: 15518: 15503: 15499: 15492: 15476: 15472: 15466: 15464: 15448: 15444: 15440: 15436: 15429: 15414: 15410: 15403: 15388: 15384: 15377: 15362: 15358: 15354: 15350: 15343: 15328: 15324: 15317: 15302: 15298: 15294: 15290: 15283: 15267: 15263: 15259: 15252: 15237: 15233: 15226: 15211: 15207: 15201: 15186: 15182: 15178: 15174: 15168: 15153: 15149: 15142: 15127: 15123: 15116: 15100: 15096: 15092: 15086: 15070: 15066: 15060: 15041: 15037: 15030: 15023: 15007: 15003: 14997: 14982: 14978: 14971: 14955: 14954: 14949: 14942: 14926: 14922: 14916: 14900: 14896: 14892: 14886: 14870: 14866: 14859: 14844: 14840: 14833: 14818: 14814: 14807: 14792: 14788: 14787: 14782: 14775: 14759: 14755: 14749: 14734: 14730: 14723: 14712:September 18, 14707: 14703: 14697: 14686:September 16, 14682: 14678: 14671: 14660:September 26, 14655: 14651: 14645: 14634:September 26, 14629: 14625: 14619: 14604: 14600: 14599: 14594: 14587: 14572: 14568: 14564: 14560: 14553: 14538: 14534: 14527: 14512: 14511:ABC7 New York 14508: 14501: 14499: 14482: 14478: 14472: 14470: 14451: 14447: 14442: 14441: 14430: 14426: 14422: 14416: 14414: 14398: 14394: 14390: 14386: 14379: 14364: 14363:NY Daily News 14360: 14353: 14338: 14334: 14330: 14326: 14319: 14304: 14300: 14293: 14278: 14274: 14267: 14252: 14248: 14244: 14240: 14233: 14231: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14196: 14181: 14177: 14173: 14169: 14162: 14146: 14139: 14133: 14117: 14113: 14109: 14103: 14087: 14086:NY Daily News 14083: 14077: 14062: 14058: 14051: 14043: 14039: 14032: 14021:September 13, 14017: 14013: 14006: 13995:September 13, 13991: 13987: 13980: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13950: 13934: 13930: 13924: 13908: 13907: 13902: 13896: 13880: 13876: 13870: 13855: 13851: 13844: 13829: 13825: 13821: 13817: 13810: 13795: 13791: 13784: 13773:September 23, 13768: 13764: 13757: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13729: 13725: 13718: 13703: 13699: 13695: 13691: 13684: 13668: 13664: 13658: 13642: 13635: 13629: 13614: 13610: 13606: 13602: 13595: 13579: 13575: 13571: 13565: 13549: 13545: 13541: 13535: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13506: 13491: 13487: 13483: 13477: 13462: 13458: 13451: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13423: 13408: 13404: 13397: 13381: 13375: 13356: 13352: 13348: 13341: 13335: 13319: 13315: 13309: 13293: 13289: 13285: 13279: 13264: 13260: 13253: 13238: 13234: 13230: 13226: 13219: 13211: 13205: 13189: 13185: 13179: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13149: 13133: 13129: 13123: 13107: 13103: 13097: 13091: 13087: 13080: 13065: 13061: 13055: 13039: 13035: 13031: 13025: 13010: 13006: 13002: 12998: 12991: 12975: 12971: 12965: 12950: 12946: 12939: 12923: 12919: 12913: 12898: 12894: 12887: 12871: 12867: 12861: 12845: 12844:NY Daily News 12841: 12835: 12820: 12816: 12809: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12779: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12752:Kelly Weill. 12748: 12729: 12722: 12716: 12700: 12696: 12690: 12674: 12670: 12664: 12658: 12654: 12651: 12645: 12643: 12626: 12622: 12621: 12616: 12609: 12594: 12593: 12588: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12575: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12547:Young, Dana. 12543: 12527: 12523: 12519: 12513: 12497: 12493: 12487: 12471: 12467: 12461: 12445: 12438: 12427:September 23, 12423: 12419: 12412: 12404: 12398: 12392: 12388: 12385: 12379: 12364: 12360: 12353: 12338: 12334: 12327: 12311: 12307: 12301: 12285: 12281: 12275: 12256: 12252: 12245: 12239: 12231: 12225: 12209: 12205: 12198: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12164: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12137: 12130: 12128: 12126: 12124: 12122: 12120: 12104: 12100: 12096: 12092: 12085: 12069: 12065: 12058: 12043: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12024: 12008: 12004: 11998: 11991: 11986: 11975:September 19, 11971: 11967: 11963: 11959: 11952: 11950: 11938:September 19, 11934: 11930: 11926: 11922: 11915: 11913: 11901:September 19, 11897: 11893: 11889: 11885: 11878: 11867:September 19, 11863: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11844: 11834: 11820: 11816: 11809: 11793: 11787: 11781: 11775: 11768: 11762: 11747: 11743: 11739: 11735: 11728: 11721: 11716: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11698: 11689: 11682: 11678: 11675: 11668: 11659: 11650: 11641: 11632: 11623: 11614: 11607: 11601: 11592: 11583: 11568: 11567: 11562: 11555: 11540: 11539: 11534: 11527: 11520: 11516: 11511: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11488: 11472: 11468: 11461: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11439: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11419: 11412: 11404: 11400: 11393: 11385: 11379: 11375: 11371: 11364: 11356: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11336: 11329: 11325: 11320: 11312: 11306: 11298: 11294: 11287: 11279: 11275: 11268: 11260: 11254: 11250: 11249: 11241: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11211: 11192: 11188: 11181: 11174: 11158: 11154: 11147: 11137: 11123: 11119: 11112: 11102: 11088: 11084: 11077: 11070: 11064: 11054: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11033: 11023: 11017: 11013: 11009: 11002: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10968: 10966: 10949: 10948:New York City 10945: 10944: 10939: 10935: 10929: 10913: 10909: 10905: 10898: 10883: 10876: 10866: 10852: 10848: 10841: 10830:September 22, 10826: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10807: 10799: 10795: 10788: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10761: 10754: 10744: 10730: 10726: 10719: 10709: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10688: 10678: 10664: 10660: 10653: 10637: 10630: 10624: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10590: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10556: 10540: 10533: 10526: 10524: 10522: 10506: 10502: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10475: 10471: 10464: 10462: 10446: 10442: 10438: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10409: 10405: 10398: 10383: 10379: 10375: 10371: 10364: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10328: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10300: 10293: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10266: 10259: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10225: 10223: 10215: 10210: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10180: 10178: 10162: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10143: 10141: 10122: 10118: 10111: 10104: 10089: 10088: 10083: 10076: 10074: 10065: 10061: 10055: 10053: 10051: 10043: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10020: 10019:0-393-92952-3 10016: 10010: 10008: 9999: 9993: 9978: 9977: 9972: 9965: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9930: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9917: 9901: 9897: 9891: 9883: 9877: 9862: 9855: 9849: 9834: 9833:nycsubway.org 9830: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9769: 9768:nycsubway.org 9765: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9721: 9717: 9716: 9711: 9705: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9682: 9676: 9660: 9659: 9651: 9645: 9629: 9628: 9620: 9614: 9612: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9589: 9587: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9564: 9553:September 17, 9548: 9542: 9537: 9531: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9501: 9485: 9484: 9476: 9470: 9454: 9450: 9444: 9428: 9424: 9418: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9401: 9393: 9378: 9377: 9369: 9362: 9346: 9342: 9336: 9334: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9299: 9297: 9290: 9284: 9276: 9275: 9267: 9260: 9254: 9238: 9234: 9228: 9226: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9179: 9175: 9169: 9167: 9147: 9143: 9136: 9130: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9111: 9095: 9089: 9087: 9080: 9074: 9067: 9063: 9058: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9040: 9033: 9032: 9025: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8952: 8948: 8941: 8930:September 18, 8925: 8921: 8917: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8826: 8818: 8817: 8812: 8806: 8790: 8784: 8768: 8762: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8734: 8718: 8711: 8705: 8689: 8682: 8676: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8643: 8635: 8629: 8625: 8624: 8616: 8600: 8599: 8591: 8585: 8569: 8568: 8560: 8554: 8538: 8537: 8529: 8523: 8515: 8509: 8505: 8504: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8475: 8471: 8465: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8435: 8419: 8412: 8406: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8378: 8369: 8363: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8350: 8342: 8334: 8328: 8324: 8323: 8315: 8313: 8304: 8300: 8299: 8291: 8289: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8255: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8206: 8205: 8200: 8194: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8166: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8138: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8110: 8095: 8094:nycsubway.org 8091: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8048: 8041: 8035: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8002: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7969: 7953: 7946: 7940: 7924: 7917: 7911: 7895: 7888: 7882: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7849: 7833: 7826: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7807: 7801: 7798:. NYU Press. 7797: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7773: 7767: 7759: 7757:9781400052271 7753: 7748: 7747: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7710: 7706: 7699: 7683: 7676: 7670: 7654: 7647: 7639: 7637:9780823222957 7633: 7629: 7625: 7624: 7616: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7586: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7537: 7530: 7524: 7508: 7501: 7495: 7479: 7478:nycsubway.org 7475: 7468: 7452: 7445: 7439: 7423: 7422: 7414: 7396: 7390: 7383: 7377: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7354: 7348: 7342: 7337: 7330: 7326: 7321: 7319: 7310: 7306: 7305: 7297: 7281: 7277: 7271: 7256: 7252: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7220: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7186: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7144: 7136: 7128: 7124: 7123: 7115: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7094: 7092: 7083: 7079: 7078: 7070: 7062: 7058: 7057: 7049: 7047: 7040: 7036: 7033: 7028: 7026: 7018: 7013: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6979: 6971: 6965: 6961: 6958: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6862: 6856: 6854: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6819: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6800: 6792: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6742: 6735: 6730: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6685: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6666: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6635: 6627: 6621: 6614: 6610: 6605: 6589: 6583: 6567: 6561: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6506: 6502: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6403: 6399: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6359: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6327: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6308: 6292: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6253: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6201: 6199: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6124: 6123:nycsubway.org 6120: 6113: 6097: 6093: 6087: 6071: 6067: 6061: 6059: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6017: 6013: 6007: 5991: 5984: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5851: 5846: 5830: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5777:Sunday Bomber 5773: 5771: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5665:DeKalb Avenue 5662: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5559:Graham Avenue 5556: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5447:Bowling Green 5444: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5331: 5328:Aftermath of 5326: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094:Fulton Street 5091: 5090:Fulton Center 5087: 5083: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4957:Newtown Creek 4954: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4749:joint venture 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4683:Second Avenue 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4614: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4546:Euclid Avenue 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4490:replaced the 4489: 4485: 4482:replaced the 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4438: 4437:Church Street 4434: 4430: 4426: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4390:Fulton Street 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4350:Rector Street 4347: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4280: 4279:Rudy Giuliani 4276: 4275:1993 election 4272: 4271:David Dinkins 4257: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4064: 4063:Bowling Green 4060: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3966: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3859:to travel to 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679:In 1977, the 3677: 3674: 3666: 3662: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3579: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3544:David Dinkins 3539: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3496:New York Post 3486: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3451:Church Avenue 3448: 3444: 3440: 3439:Ditmas Avenue 3436: 3432: 3428: 3419: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3302: 3299: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3239:Robert Wagner 3234: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3200: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3157: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3125:Cypress Hills 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3005: 2998: 2993: 2984: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2920: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2904: 2901: 2892: 2887: 2879: 2871: 2866: 2856: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2809:Second Avenue 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797:New York City 2794: 2788: 2781: 2773: 2768: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2743:on the line. 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2531: 2526: 2519: 2514: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2470:Broad Channel 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2436:train on the 2435: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2390:Main Line R36 2387: 2381: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2357: 2355: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2320:in Brooklyn. 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2290: 2285: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2167: 2159: 2152: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2103:Bergen Street 2100: 2099:Nassau Avenue 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2060:Nassau Avenue 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2022:East Broadway 2019: 2016:—opened from 2015: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1978:Gowanus Canal 1975: 1971: 1970:Fourth Avenue 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1895:John F. 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Avenue 1947: 1936: 1928: 1927:, or simply 1924: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1892: 1877: 1869: 1854: 1827: 1803: 1790: 1782: 1774: 1734:Astoria Line 1727: 1722:fare control 1698:Astoria Line 1693: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1661: 1653:Essex Street 1633: 1620:Coney Island 1587:, later the 1580:in the Bronx 1559: 1494: 1463:Borough Hall 1459: 1443: 1439:207th Street 1435:191st Street 1430:Kings Bridge 1423: 1415:242nd Street 1411:225th Street 1407:225th Street 1394:221st Street 1390:157th Street 1387: 1383:145th Street 1371:State Street 1359: 1340: 1337:1906 IRT map 1318: 1247: 1216: 1159: 1155: 1132: 1127:Harlem River 1100:Lenox Avenue 1085: 1080:Union Square 1071: 1065: 1058: 1010: 1006: 987: 939: 915:Williamsburg 903:Coney Island 900: 872:right of way 862: 829: 815:resulted in 810: 802: 782: 768:(BRT, later 759: 704: 687: 674: 661: 648: 635: 622: 609: 596: 583: 570: 557: 544: 531: 518: 505: 492: 479: 466: 453: 440: 427: 414: 401: 388: 375: 362: 349: 336: 323: 310: 297: 284: 271: 258: 245: 232: 219: 206: 142:Nomenclature 121: 61: 50: 44: 38: 32: 15: 18963:Other rapid 18756:2022 attack 18727:Other major 18706:disruptions 18499:Other lists 18147:K (Jamaica) 17994:42nd Street 17563:: 5347–5364 17475:December 2, 17449:October 19, 17421:December 2, 17395:December 2, 17369:January 19, 17343:October 30, 17160:The Summary 17123:January 10, 16403:October 30, 16374:October 30, 16348:October 30, 15593:October 24, 15559:October 24, 15533:October 24, 15507:October 24, 15481:October 19, 15452:October 19, 15210:www.ny1.com 14796:January 19, 14122:October 28, 14092:October 28, 13885:October 31, 13859:October 29, 13833:October 29, 13461:am New York 13364:December 9, 13324:October 30, 13298:October 30, 13268:October 30, 13194:October 30, 13168:October 29, 13138:October 30, 13112:October 30, 13069:October 23, 13044:October 23, 13014:October 23, 12980:October 23, 12954:October 23, 12928:October 23, 12902:October 23, 12824:February 9, 12563:October 31, 12532:October 31, 12518:"About FTA" 12450:October 20, 12422:am New York 12214:November 5, 12108:October 23, 12074:October 20, 11821:. p. 5 11341:Lesly, Mark 11124:. p. 7 11089:. p. 4 11041:. pp. 11010:. pp. 10731:. p. 8 10696:. pp. 10545:October 25, 10479:January 25, 10450:January 25, 10413:January 25, 10199:October 30, 9954:January 25, 9866:October 10, 8986:October 28, 8424:November 7, 8277:October 20, 8244:October 10, 8127:October 30, 8053:October 30, 8024:October 30, 7991:October 30, 7958:October 30, 7929:October 30, 7900:October 30, 7871:October 30, 7838:October 30, 7714:October 30, 7688:October 30, 7575:October 30, 7542:October 30, 7513:October 30, 7484:October 30, 7457:October 30, 7428:November 6, 7260:February 3, 6842:October 20, 6736:(plrog.org) 6655:January 17, 6572:October 29, 6367:October 29, 6102:October 25, 6076:October 25, 6070:HISTORY.com 5923:October 28, 5766:third rails 5705:caught fire 5676:65th Street 5654:68th Street 5308:South Ferry 5202:East Harlem 5165:Andy Byford 5073:86th Street 4945:South Ferry 4914:Metro-North 4801:Budget cuts 4789:around the 4783:34th Street 4714:gap fillers 4706:South Ferry 4608:Later 2000s 4552:train (the 4523:Wall Street 4504:57th Street 4417:South Ferry 4374:96th Street 4358:14th Street 4290:head houses 4136:51st Street 4059:South Ferry 3798:59th Street 3692:14th Street 3646:welded rail 3573:Production 3361:14th Street 3271:57th Street 2844:Metro-North 2789:600,000,000 2609:as well as 2518:Culver Ramp 2466:Jamaica Bay 2386:gap fillers 2279:Unification 2265:34th Street 2245:57th Street 2038:50th Street 1943:initialisms 1923:(ISS), the 1850:Wall Street 1842:South Ferry 1785:World War I 1746:Corona Line 1732:called the 1655:across the 1645:track gauge 1108:34th Street 1096:Kingsbridge 1088:42nd Street 896:Cobble Hill 888:South Ferry 666:759,976,721 653:639,541,029 445:989,000,000 250:830,000,000 237:725,000,000 224:448,000,000 211:253,000,000 85:23rd Street 83:car at the 19013:Historical 18954:Technology 18881:"Showtime" 18572:Expansions 18478:B Division 18466:A Division 18446:Accessible 18393:By borough 17097:January 4, 17071:January 4, 15862:October 6, 15734:January 1, 15703:January 1, 15105:October 5, 15075:January 4, 14956:. New York 14953:Daily News 14905:August 22, 14871:. New York 14869:Daily News 14608:October 4, 14576:October 4, 14443:See also: 14151:August 19, 13959:Daily News 13879:SILive.com 13733:January 4, 13707:January 3, 13673:January 4, 9520:August 31, 9459:August 16, 9433:August 16, 9351:October 4, 8723:October 4, 8694:October 4, 8211:October 7, 8183:October 7, 8155:October 7, 7605:August 31, 6594:October 1, 6511:October 1, 6495:October 1, 6475:October 1, 6455:October 1, 6435:October 1, 6411:October 1, 6392:October 1, 6293:. psfk.com 6229:Daily News 5808:References 5254:Eric Adams 5252:and mayor 5182:Triboro RX 5148:Republican 5144:Democratic 5000:East River 4900:Rockaways. 4741:tunnelling 4653:Expansions 4486:while the 4470:) and the 3895:New Jersey 3771:trains to 3767:Extending 3726:, and the 3605:Daily News 3527:See also: 3231:See also: 3188:, made up 2917:scrap yard 2863:See also: 2564:, and the 2334:B Division 2330:A Division 2255:, and the 2223:-operated 2202:New Jersey 2184:Since the 1694:Contract 4 1690:Contract 3 1534:A Division 1530:third rail 1190:Bath Beach 1139:debt limit 1104:Bronx Park 923:cable cars 842:Precursors 798:A Division 790:B Division 196:Passengers 64:March 2024 18927:MetroCard 18751:2020 fire 18729:incidents 18459:Divisions 18436:Terminals 18410:Manhattan 18400:The Bronx 17506:April 12, 17149:, p. 138. 16968:March 27, 16942:March 27, 16916:March 27, 16911:0261-3077 16883:March 27, 16791:0362-4331 16653:0362-4331 16610:0362-4331 16581:April 14, 16267:0362-4331 16192:0362-4331 16159:0362-4331 16125:0362-4331 16091:0362-4331 15883:amNewYork 15857:0362-4331 15823:0362-4331 15763:0362-4331 15724:amNewYork 15668:0190-8286 15641:0362-4331 15588:0362-4331 15447:0362-4331 15361:0362-4331 15306:April 30, 15301:0362-4331 15272:April 29, 15241:March 16, 15215:March 16, 15190:March 16, 15185:0362-4331 15006:Curbed NY 14986:March 21, 14895:Gothamist 14875:April 23, 14848:April 23, 14817:Gothamist 14786:Gothamist 14571:0362-4331 14542:March 14, 14397:0362-4331 14337:0362-4331 14251:0362-4331 14214:0362-4331 14180:0362-4331 13854:Curbed NY 13828:0099-9660 13799:August 2, 13702:0362-4331 13647:April 24, 13613:0362-4331 13407:Curbed NY 13237:0362-4331 13009:0362-4331 12949:City Room 12897:City Room 12876:March 25, 12850:March 13, 12819:City Room 12758:Gothamist 12737:August 2, 12382:mta.info— 12182:0362-4331 12148:0362-4331 12103:0362-4331 12042:0362-4331 11970:0362-4331 11933:0362-4331 11896:0362-4331 11862:0362-4331 11746:0362-4331 10986:0362-4331 10918:August 6, 10825:0362-4331 10772:0362-4331 10608:0362-4331 10574:0362-4331 10382:0362-4331 10348:0362-4331 10311:0362-4331 10277:0362-4331 10243:0362-4331 10161:0362-4331 9838:April 23, 9773:April 23, 9687:March 25, 9317:0362-4331 8876:0362-4331 8795:March 25, 8773:March 25, 8665:August 4, 8660:0362-4331 8480:April 26, 8395:August 2, 8272:0362-4331 8239:0362-4331 8099:April 23, 8019:0362-4331 7986:0362-4331 7866:0362-4331 7766:cite book 7570:0362-4331 6807:722 Miles 6719:April 18, 6714:0362-4331 6534:The Verge 6264:MTA.info— 6047:April 19, 6022:April 20, 5898:April 20, 5872:April 18, 5835:April 26, 5124:Joe Lhota 4701:station. 4079:with the 3752:Adding a 3614:the state 3515:near the 3485:in 1988. 3345:the Bronx 3343:men from 3202:switches. 3115:north of 3085:Manhattan 2934:LIRR line 2310:BMT Fifth 2231:(now the 2221:NYW&B 1976:over the 1954:Concourse 1628:Sea Beach 1616:Bay Ridge 1597:Manhattan 1469:near the 1379:City Hall 1324:Contracts 1200:(today's 1094:north to 1092:City Hall 956:Avenues, 942:Lexington 878:(now the 794:too small 735:Manhattan 727:the Bronx 137:Expansion 19044:Category 19002:Stations 18917:Chaining 18847:Arts and 18441:Transfer 18405:Brooklyn 18380:Stations 18212:Shuttles 18090:Pre-1985 18037:services 17986:Shuttles 17814:services 17730:Archived 17721:Articles 17567:July 10, 17500:Archived 17496:ABC News 16877:NBC News 16857:June 29, 16827:June 29, 16796:June 27, 16736:June 29, 16710:June 29, 16684:June 29, 16658:July 26, 16555:June 29, 16529:June 29, 16503:June 29, 16478:June 29, 16453:June 29, 16428:June 29, 16322:June 29, 16297:June 29, 15828:June 22, 15728:Archived 15697:Archived 15673:March 8, 15646:March 7, 15619:March 7, 15262:The City 15095:mta.info 14822:July 17, 14516:July 26, 14487:July 26, 14456:July 25, 14435:July 25, 14402:July 25, 14368:July 26, 14342:July 26, 14308:July 26, 14282:July 26, 14256:July 26, 14219:July 26, 14185:July 25, 13913:July 21, 13763:mta.info 13641:mta.info 13618:July 26, 13584:July 26, 13554:July 26, 13524:July 23, 13495:July 23, 13486:mta.info 13466:July 23, 13440:July 23, 13412:June 27, 13386:June 27, 13347:mta.info 13242:July 26, 13204:cite web 13188:mta.info 13162:Archived 13158:mta.info 12653:Archived 12387:Archived 12251:mta.info 12224:cite web 12187:July 25, 11677:Archived 11430:25112354 11343:(1988). 11224:Archived 10954:July 22, 10510:July 23, 10505:New York 10216:, part 2 10064:New York 10044:, part 1 9982:June 27, 9906:June 15, 9712:(1974). 9665:June 30, 9634:June 30, 9490:June 29, 9382:June 29, 9322:April 4, 9118:Archived 9047:Archived 9014:June 29, 8976:MTA.info 8920:mta.info 8605:June 30, 8574:June 27, 8543:June 27, 8454:July 27, 7659:June 11, 7286:April 3, 7035:Archived 6960:Archived 6342:June 27, 6315:Archived 6297:April 8, 6208:Archived 6153:mta.info 6042:MTA.info 5973:June 30, 5791:See also 5044:Steinway 5009:west of 4883:The old 4751:between 4646:magazine 4644:New York 4458:via the 4376:, while 4344:between 4243:graffiti 4158:stations 4138:stations 4104:Broadway 3800:and the 3788:Canarsie 3667:transfer 3636:through 3616:and the 3437:between 2859:Graffiti 2583:and the 1899:motorman 1742:Flushing 1593:Brooklyn 1583:The BRT 1578:Woodlawn 1448:and the 1002:Broadway 962:Broadway 874:for the 753:and the 731:Brooklyn 723:New York 715:boroughs 147:Services 127:Stations 117:Overview 96:a series 94:Part of 18849:culture 18704:Service 18678:Strikes 18531:History 18424:By type 18262:numbers 18035:Defunct 18013:Planned 17812:Current 17317:May 13, 17293:May 13, 17266:May 13, 17238:May 13, 17212:May 13, 17183:May 13, 16238:May 13, 16045:May 13, 15614:AP News 15475:NPR.org 15157:July 5, 15131:July 5, 14598:nyc.gov 13794:Gizmodo 13090:YouTube 12798:July 3, 12705:June 9, 12679:June 9, 12631:June 7, 12598:June 7, 12502:June 9, 12476:June 9, 12047:May 12, 11825:May 12, 11230:May 28, 11128:May 12, 11093:May 12, 10991:May 12, 10887:July 3, 10857:May 12, 10735:May 12, 10669:May 12, 10441:Newsday 10166:May 18, 9100:May 14, 8956:May 13, 8751:July 9, 7235:May 14, 6163:May 14, 6128:July 7, 5996:June 5, 5852:(2001). 5785:N train 5752:on the 5729:at the 5707:in the 5314:on the 5243:and an 5161:R train 4793:of the 4745:Skanska 4632:tourism 4106:on the 4075:on the 4014:on the 4006:on the 3987:to the 3779:service 3377:assault 3351:train ( 3193:⁄ 3163:⁄ 2932:and an 2805:tunnels 2572:to the 2560:to the 2508:Decline 2496:. Both 2186:opening 2062:on the 1997:, from 1857:shuttle 1807:Chelsea 1730:Astoria 1401:on the 1102:and to 859:in 1867 695:+13.7% 682:+33.3% 669:+18.8% 656:-62.3% 526:+10.7% 500:+28.1% 422:−16.2% 370:−18.0% 357:−13.4% 305:−11.3% 292:+21.9% 279:+26.2% 266:+60.5% 253:+14.5% 240:+61.8% 227:+77.1% 122:History 57:discuss 18431:Closed 18415:Queens 18230:Culver 17690: 17659: 17638: 17619: 17598: 17538: 17145: 16909: 16789: 16651: 16608: 16344:. 2012 16265: 16190: 16157: 16123: 16089: 15855: 15821: 15761: 15666: 15639: 15586: 15445: 15418:May 9, 15392:May 9, 15366:May 5, 15359: 15332:May 5, 15299: 15183: 14569: 14395: 14335: 14249: 14212: 14178: 13826: 13700: 13611: 13235: 13007: 12180: 12146: 12101: 12040: 11968: 11931: 11894: 11860: 11744: 11428: 11380: 11351: 11255: 10984: 10823: 10770: 10606: 10572: 10380: 10346: 10309: 10275: 10241: 10159: 10021:, p.14 10017: 9734:834874 9732: 9722: 9315: 8951:Pocket 8874: 8658: 8630: 8510: 8364: 8329: 8270: 8237: 8017: 7984: 7864: 7802: 7754: 7634: 7568: 7384:, 1904 6814: 6787: 6712: 6018:. 2023 5894:. 2023 5831:. 2001 5289:, and 5032:, and 4978:, and 4955:under 4466:, and 4237:, and 4190:, and 4170:, and 3749:trains 3722:, the 3469:. The 3135:, the 3131:, the 3107:; the 3103:; the 3031:expose 2893:(1973) 2774:tunnel 2756:Queens 2003:Inwood 1960:, and 1958:Culver 1893:Mayor 1824:, 1919 1738:Corona 1724:areas. 1630:lines. 1599:, and 1287:, and 1235:cables 946:Myrtle 927:Second 739:Queens 737:, and 643:+1.1% 630:-2.7% 617:-1.7% 604:-0.3% 591:+0.6% 578:+2.6% 565:+3.3% 552:+0.1% 539:+2.2% 513:+3.6% 487:+6.3% 474:+1.8% 461:+2.1% 448:−2.0% 435:−4.3% 409:−7.7% 396:+1.3% 383:−2.4% 344:+6.5% 331:+4.5% 318:+2.2% 18922:Fares 18896:Tiles 18511:Yards 18506:Lines 16394:(PDF) 16013:(PDF) 15043:(PDF) 15032:(PDF) 14141:(PDF) 13759:(PDF) 13637:(PDF) 13358:(PDF) 13343:(PDF) 12731:(PDF) 12724:(PDF) 12258:(PDF) 12247:(PDF) 11426:JSTOR 11194:(PDF) 11183:(PDF) 10632:(PDF) 10535:(PDF) 10124:(PDF) 10113:(PDF) 9857:(PDF) 9653:(PDF) 9622:(PDF) 9478:(PDF) 9371:(PDF) 9149:(PDF) 9138:(PDF) 8713:(PDF) 8684:(PDF) 8593:(PDF) 8562:(PDF) 8531:(PDF) 8414:(PDF) 8043:(PDF) 7948:(PDF) 7919:(PDF) 7890:(PDF) 7828:(PDF) 7678:(PDF) 7532:(PDF) 7503:(PDF) 7447:(PDF) 7398:(PDF) 7311:–191. 6752:Wired 6405:(PDF) 6361:(PDF) 5825:(PDF) 5476:cars. 5034:Lenox 4753:AECOM 4588:when 4265:1990s 3786:from 3563:token 3227:Crime 2156:1929 1988:Lines 1499:when 1135:bonds 954:Fifth 950:Third 935:Sixth 931:Third 709:is a 34:split 18987:PATH 18932:OMNY 18695:2005 18690:1980 18685:1966 18384:List 17688:ISBN 17657:ISBN 17636:ISBN 17617:ISBN 17596:ISBN 17569:2009 17561:VIII 17536:ISBN 17508:2022 17477:2008 17451:2009 17423:2008 17397:2008 17371:2022 17345:2016 17319:2014 17295:2014 17268:2014 17240:2014 17214:2014 17185:2014 17143:ISBN 17125:2024 17099:2024 17073:2024 17048:2020 17022:2020 16996:2020 16970:2020 16944:2020 16918:2020 16907:ISSN 16885:2020 16859:2017 16829:2017 16798:2017 16787:ISSN 16764:2015 16738:2017 16712:2017 16686:2017 16660:2017 16649:ISSN 16617:2009 16606:ISSN 16583:2018 16557:2017 16531:2017 16505:2017 16480:2017 16455:2017 16430:2017 16405:2016 16376:2016 16350:2016 16324:2017 16299:2017 16274:2016 16263:ISSN 16240:2014 16199:2016 16188:ISSN 16166:2016 16155:ISSN 16132:2016 16121:ISSN 16098:2016 16087:ISSN 16047:2014 16025:2009 15941:2009 15916:2024 15890:2024 15864:2023 15853:ISSN 15830:2022 15819:ISSN 15796:2022 15770:2022 15759:ISSN 15736:2021 15705:2021 15675:2024 15664:ISSN 15648:2024 15637:ISSN 15621:2024 15595:2022 15584:ISSN 15561:2022 15535:2022 15509:2022 15483:2022 15454:2022 15443:ISSN 15420:2021 15394:2021 15368:2021 15357:ISSN 15334:2021 15308:2020 15297:ISSN 15274:2020 15243:2020 15217:2020 15192:2020 15181:ISSN 15159:2023 15133:2023 15107:2013 15077:2017 15051:2016 15014:2015 14988:2013 14962:2012 14933:2015 14907:2013 14877:2015 14850:2015 14824:2021 14798:2020 14766:2019 14740:2019 14714:2019 14688:2019 14662:2018 14636:2018 14610:2017 14578:2017 14567:ISSN 14544:2018 14518:2017 14489:2017 14458:2017 14437:2017 14404:2017 14393:ISSN 14370:2017 14344:2017 14333:ISSN 14310:2017 14284:2017 14258:2017 14247:ISSN 14221:2017 14210:ISSN 14187:2017 14176:ISSN 14153:2016 14124:2014 14094:2014 14068:2015 14023:2015 13997:2015 13971:2013 13941:2013 13915:2016 13887:2015 13861:2017 13835:2017 13824:ISSN 13801:2017 13775:2018 13735:2019 13709:2019 13698:ISSN 13675:2019 13649:2017 13620:2016 13609:ISSN 13586:2016 13556:2016 13526:2016 13497:2016 13468:2016 13442:2016 13414:2017 13388:2017 13366:2016 13326:2016 13300:2016 13270:2016 13244:2017 13233:ISSN 13210:link 13196:2016 13170:2015 13140:2016 13114:2016 13071:2016 13046:2016 13016:2016 13005:ISSN 12982:2016 12956:2016 12930:2016 12904:2016 12878:2016 12852:2016 12826:2016 12800:2013 12770:2013 12739:2009 12707:2013 12681:2013 12633:2009 12600:2009 12565:2015 12534:2015 12504:2016 12478:2016 12452:2011 12429:2015 12370:2010 12344:2010 12318:2018 12292:2018 12266:2017 12230:link 12216:2013 12189:2021 12178:ISSN 12155:2017 12144:ISSN 12110:2016 12099:ISSN 12076:2011 12049:2020 12038:ISSN 12015:2014 11977:2016 11966:ISSN 11940:2016 11929:ISSN 11903:2016 11892:ISSN 11869:2016 11858:ISSN 11827:2020 11800:2016 11753:2018 11742:ISSN 11574:2016 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