708:
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481:(1.89–118). The legitimacy of the empire is explored in several passages, notably in the speech at 1.73–78, where an anonymous Athenian legation defends the empire on the grounds that it was freely given to the Athenians and not taken by force. The subsequent expansion of the empire is defended by these Athenians, "...the nature of the case first compelled us to advance our empire to its present height; fear being our principal motive, though honor and interest came afterward." (1.75.3)
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can be read as a piece of literature rather than an objective record of the historical events. This view is embodied in the words of W. R. Connor, who describes
Thucydides as "an artist who responds to, selects and skillfully arranges his material, and develops its symbolic and emotional potential."
543:
can be divided into various levels of composition are usually called "analysts" and those who argue that the passages must be made to reconcile with one another are called "unitarians". This conflict is called the "strata of composition" debate. The lack of progress in this debate over the course of
231:
These speeches are suspect in the eyes of classicists, however, inasmuch as it is not clear to what degree
Thucydides altered these speeches in order to elucidate better the crux of the argument presented. Some of the speeches are probably fabricated according to his expectations of, as he puts it,
627:"Although he apparently did not belong to the extreme wing of the Athenian oligarchic clubs who conspired throughout the war with the enemy, he was certainly a member of the oligarchic party, and a friend neither of the Athenian people, the demos, who had exiled him, nor of its imperialist policy."
697:
It hath been noted by divers, that Homer in poesy, Aristotle in philosophy, Demosthenes in eloquence, and others of the ancients in other knowledge, do still maintain their primacy: none of them exceeded, some not approached, by any in these later ages. And in the number of these is justly ranked
622:
writes that
Thucydides was the "greatest historian, perhaps, who ever lived." Thucydides' work, however, Popper goes on to say, represents "an interpretation, a point of view; and in this we need not agree with him." In the war between Athenian democracy and the "arrested oligarchic tribalism of
319:
Thucydides makes sure to inform his reader that he, unlike Homer, is not a poet prone to exaggeration, but instead a historian, whose stories may not give "momentary pleasure," but "whose intended meaning will be challenged by the truth of the facts." By distancing himself from the storytelling
315:
nations must have been so disjointed that they could not organize properly to launch an effective campaign. In fact, Thucydides claims that Troy could have been conquered in half the time had the Greek leaders allocated resources properly and not sent a large portion of the army on raids for
560:, who frequently mentions multiple versions of his stories and allows the reader to decide which is true. Instead, Thucydides strives to create the impression of a seamless and irrefutable narrative. Nevertheless, scholars have sought to detect the sources behind the various sections of the
535:, since it ends in mid-sentence and only goes up to 411 BC, leaving six years of war uncovered. Furthermore, there is a great deal of uncertainty whether he intended to revise the sections he had already written. Since there appear to be some contradictions between certain passages in the
320:
practices of Homer, Thucydides makes it clear that while he does consider mythology and epics to be evidence, these works cannot be given much credibility, and that it takes an impartial and empirically minded historian, such as himself, to accurately portray the events of the past.
580:
discusses the thoughts of the generals who died there and whom he would have had no chance to interview. Instead it seems likely that, as with the speeches, Thucydides is looser than previously thought in inferring the thoughts, feelings, and motives of principal characters in his
331:
The first book of the
History, after a brief review of early Greek history and some programmatic historiographical commentary, seeks to explain why the Peloponnesian War broke out when it did and what its causes were. Except for a few short excursuses (notably 6.54–58 on the
296:, whose works are prominent in Greek mythology. Thucydides references Homer frequently as a source of information, but always adds a distancing clause, such as "Homer shows this, if that is sufficient evidence," and "assuming we should trust Homer's poetry in this case too."
252:, for example, has argued that Thucydides has a strong pro-Athenian bias. In keeping with this sort of doubt, other scholars claim that Thucydides had an ulterior motive in his Histories, specifically to create an epic comparable to those of the past such as the works of
484:
The
Athenians also argue that, "We have done nothing extraordinary, nothing contrary to human nature in accepting an empire when it was offered to us and then in refusing to give it up." (1.76) They claim that anyone in their position would act in the same fashion. The
279:
Despite the absence of actions of the gods, religion and piety play critical roles in the actions of the
Spartans, and to a lesser degree, the Athenians. Thus natural occurrences such as earthquakes and eclipses were viewed as religiously significant (1.23.3; 7.50.4)
604:
feels that
Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War not because it was the most significant war in antiquity but because it caused the most suffering. Indeed, several passages of Thucydides' book are written "with an intensity of feeling hardly exceeded by
571:
Frequently, Thucydides appears to assert knowledge of the thoughts of individuals at key moments in the narrative. Scholars have asserted that these moments are evidence that he interviewed these individuals after the fact. However, the evidence of the
351:
aspects of the
Peloponnesian War, it uses these events as a medium to suggest several other themes closely related to the war. It specifically discusses in several passages the socially and culturally degenerative effects of war on humanity itself. The
224:, speeches are expected. These include addresses given to troops by their generals before battles and numerous political speeches, both by Athenian and Spartan leaders, as well as debates between various parties. Of the speeches, the most famous is the
3214:
200:
Thucydides is one of the first western historians to employ a strict standard of chronology, recording events by year, with each year consisting of the summer campaign season and a less active winter season. This method contrasts sharply with
522:
is extraordinarily dense and complex. His particular ancient Greek prose is also very challenging, grammatically, syntactically, and semantically. This has resulted in much scholarly disagreement on a cluster of issues of interpretation.
244:
account of the conflict with respect to the sides involved in it. In the introduction to the piece he states, "my work is not a piece of writing designed to meet the taste of an immediate public, but was done to last for ever" (1.22.4).
472:
explains that the primary cause of the
Peloponnesian War was the "growth in power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Sparta" (1.23.6). Thucydides traces the development of Athenian power through the growth of the
489:
represent a more traditional, circumspect, and less expansive power. Indeed, the
Athenians are nearly destroyed by their greatest act of imperial overreach, the Sicilian expedition, described in books six and seven of the
442:
places great importance upon naval supremacy, arguing that a modern empire is impossible without a strong navy. He states that this is the result of the development of piracy and coastal settlements in earlier Greece.
727:
The most important manuscripts include: Codex Parisinus suppl. Gr. 255, Codex Vaticanus 126, Codex Laurentianus LXIX.2, Codex Palatinus 252, Codex Monacensis 430, Codex Monacensis 228, and Codex Britannicus II, 727.
395:
seems to suggest that considerations of justice are artificial and necessarily capitulate to power, it sometimes also shows a significant degree of empathy with those who suffer from the exigencies of the war.
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play no active role in Thucydides' work. This is very different from Herodotus, who frequently mentions the role of the gods, as well as a nearly ubiquitous divine presence in the centuries-earlier poems of
138:
historian who also served as an Athenian general during the war. His account of the conflict is widely considered to be a classic and regarded as one of the earliest scholarly works of history. The
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is notoriously reticent about its sources. Thucydides almost never names his informants and alludes to competing versions of events only a handful of times. This is in marked contrast to
3523:
539:, it has been proposed that the conflicting passages were written at different times and that Thucydides' opinion on the conflicting matter had changed. Those who argue that the
356:
is especially concerned with the lawlessness and atrocities committed by Greek citizens to each other in the name of one side or another in the war. Some events depicted in the
644:. It was embraced by many of the author's contemporaries and immediate successors with enthusiasm; indeed, many authors sought to complete the unfinished history. For example,
2550:
228:, which is found in Book Two. Being an Athenian general in the war, Thucydides heard some of these speeches himself. For the other speeches, he relied on eyewitness accounts.
698:
also our Thucydides; a workman no less perfect in his work, than any of the former; and in whom (I believe with many others) the faculty of writing history is at the highest.
256:, and that this led him to create a nonobjective dualism favoring the Athenians. The work does display a clear bias against certain people involved in the conflict, such as
213:
Thucydides also makes extensive use of speeches in order to elaborate on the event in question. While the inclusion of long first-person speeches is somewhat alien to modern
434:
emphasizes the development of military technologies. In several passages (1.14.3, 2.75–76, 7.36.2–3), Thucydides describes in detail various innovations in the conduct of
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to determine the approximate number of Greek soldiers who were present. Later, Thucydides claims that since Homer never makes reference to a united Greek state, the pre-
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568:) seems to focus on Peloponnesian events more than the first four books, leading to the conclusion that he had greater access to Peloponnesian sources at that time.
188:
Thucydides is considered to be one of the key figures in the development of Western history, thus making his methodology the subject of much analysis in the area of
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writes that the work of Thucydides "marks the longest and most decisive step that has ever been taken by a single man towards making history what it is today.”
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as "severe in its detachment, written from a purely intellectual point of view, unencumbered with platitudes and moral judgments, cold and critical."
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The 400 are deposed, the 5000 the “best government” in Thuc's lifetime. A “hoplite democracy,” no pay for public service (i.e. no thetes). 8.97
3329:
450:, the supreme naval ship for the next several hundred years. In his emphasis on sea power, Thucydides is echoed by the modern naval theorist
1263:, speaking in the Assembly, encourages the Athenians to demand the return of the territories surrendered by Athens at the conclusion of the
3250:
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However, despite Thucydides' skepticism in secondhand information such as Homer's, he does use the poet's epics to infer facts about the
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Leo Strauss "Preliminary Observations on the gods in Thustaams Work" "Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy" 1974 4:1 1–16
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the twentieth century has caused many Thucydidean scholars to declare the debate insoluble and to side-step the issue in their work.
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view the work as an objective and scientific piece of history. The judgment of Bury reflects this traditional interpretation of the
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and power in political and military decision-making. Thucydides' presentation is decidedly ambivalent on this theme. While the
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Phrynichus, Aristarchus, Pisander, and Antiphon most opposed to Democracy, again appeal to Sparta. Fortify the Piraeus. 8.90
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Athens despairs. “Lacedaemonians proved the most convenient people in the world for the Athenians to be at war with.” 8.96
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Sparta," we must never forget Thucydides' "involuntary bias," and that "his heart was not with Athens, his native city:"
240:
Despite being an Athenian and a participant in the conflict, Thucydides is often regarded as having written a generally
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Lichas tries to renegotiate treaty with Persia. The Spartans give not liberty but a “Median master” to the Greeks. 8.43
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Pisander and Alexicles withdraw to Decelea, Aristarchus takes barbarian archers to Oenoe. The oligarchy is over. 8.98
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Grenfell and Hunt discovered about 20 papyrus fragments copied some time between the 1st and 6th centuries AD in
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Pelop soldiers anxious to fight, Astyochus unwilling to fight at sea. Tissaphernes fleet never arrives. 8.78
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Important in this regard was the development, at the beginning of the classical period (c. 500 BC), of the
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The Spartans, concerned for the men on the island, conclude an immediate armistice and send an embassy to
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Pisander in Athens proposes deal: alliance with Persia, end of democracy, return of Alcibiades. 8.53–8.54
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from their actions, as well as his own sense of what would be appropriate or likely in such a situation.
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2305:"Thucydides, the Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, and the Foundation of International Systems Theory"
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276:. Instead, Thucydides regards history as being caused by the choices and actions of human beings.
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Oligarchs in Athens break ranks, Thermenes and Aristocrates fear Alcibiades power in Samos. 8.89
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results in Athenian retreat into a temple, which the Boeotians attack and burn down. 4.90–4.100
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leaves off. In later antiquity, Thucydides' reputation suffered somewhat, with critics such as
181:
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Ernst Badian, "Thucydides and the Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. A Historian's Brief" in
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372:. Noteworthy, there is a possibility that translation mistakes influenced the deductions of
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Tissaphernes/Persia continues policy of letting Athens and Sparta wear each other out. 8.87
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303:. For instance, while Thucydides considered the number of over 1,000 Greek ships sent to
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to the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, also known as the Pentecontaetia. 1.89–1.117
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On the other hand, in keeping with more recent interpretations that are associated with
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776:
336:), the remainder of the History (books 2 through 8) rigidly maintains its focus on the
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Despite the absence of the gods from Thucydides' work, he still draws heavily from the
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as a continuation of Thucydides' work, beginning at the exact moment that Thucydides'
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1836:
Alcibiades prevents Samian soldiers’ attack on Athens, calls for end to the 400. 8.86
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Hermocrates is banished from Syracuse, he opposes Sparta’s alliance with Persia. 8.85
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1040:
756:
337:
214:
111:
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1806:
The army replaces oligarchy in Samos, Alcibiades promises alliance with Persia. 8.76
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Astyochus is ordered to kill Alcibiades, who flees from Sparta to Tissaphernes. 8.45
877:
Account of the mobilization of and list of the allies of the two combatants. 2.7–2.9
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Alcibiades advises Tissaphernes to let Athens and Sparta wear each other out. 8.46
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Eight bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre written by Thucydides the sonne of Olorus
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Spartan forces move to Athens’ walls. Oligarchs again offer peace w/ Sparta. 8.71
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Pelop sailors threaten Astyochus, who is recalled and replaced by Mindarus. 8.84
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Oligarchy in Athens, popular leaders are killed. “government of the 5,000.” 8.65
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Hermocrates prepares “finishing blow” to Athens, Alcibiades in Teichiussa. 8.26
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Commissioners to frame a new constitution = tyranny of the four hundred. 8.67
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Morley, Neville; Lee, Christine (2014). "Introduction: Reading Thucydides".
1803:
Thrasybullus and Thrasyllus leaders of the democratic faction in Samos. 8.75
149:
generally occur in one of two camps. On the one hand, some scholars such as
1842:
Alcibiades knew Tissaphernes would never send ships to support Sparta. 8.88
1797:
Turmoil at Samos, the Athenian crews est democracy, kill 30 oligarchs. 8.73
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Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus victory at sea renews Athens’ hope. 8.103–8.106
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The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War
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1969:
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The state of Greece from the earliest times to the commencement of the
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It is commonly thought that Thucydides died while still working on the
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Thucydides and the Ancient Simplicity: the Limits of Political Realism
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1248:
The speech of the Spartan ambassadors offers to peace and alliance to
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2076:
1824:
Alcibiades elected general, “put all their affairs in his hands. 8.82
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769:
693:(who himself translated the work) wrote about Thucydides as follows:
650:
557:
202:
2151:
Donald Kagan, "The Speeches in Thucydides and the Mytilene Debate",
1704:
Chians and Spartans v Athens and Argos; Ionians defeat Dorians. 8.25
829:
Second congress at Lacedaemon and the Corinthian Speech. 1.119–1.125
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2812:
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1857:
Oligarchs and soldiers meet on Acropolis and agree to reforms. 8.93
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Athenian preparations and abandonment of the countryside. 2.13–2.14
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348:
2788:
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1782:
Pisander, Phrynichus, Theramenes = leaders of the oligarchy. 8.68
1761:
Tissaphernes resolves to keep both sides equal, pays Sparta. 8.57
1635:
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1406:
and begins to cause Athenian subject cities to revolt. 4.78–4.88
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This manuscript is the Latin version translated (1450–1499) by
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Thucydides (2009-06-11), Hammond, Martin; Rhodes, P. J (eds.),
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helped set in motion the naval arms race prior to World War I.
119:
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One–year armistice between Athenians and Spartans. 4.117–4.118
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2536:
Histories: book 3. Edited with notes, for the use of schools
2230:
Jordan, Borimir (1 January 1986). "Religion in Thucydides".
963:' third speech, defending his position and policy. 2.59–2.64
564:. For example, the narrative after Thucydides' exile (4.108
1767:
Pisander est. oligarchy in Athens, confusion in Samos. 8.63
1749:
Alcibiades encourages Tissaphernes to befriend Athens. 8.52
1337:
640:
has been enormously influential in both ancient and modern
304:
241:
2762:
Thucydidis, olori fil, De bello peloponnesiacoa libri VIII
2116:
Oxford World's Classics: Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War
2035:
K.J. Dover, "Thucydides 'as History' and 'as Literature,'
419:
2551:"Prolegomena to the Peloponnesian War: Thucydides Book 1"
404:
2972:
1663:
Retreat and annihilation of the Athenian army. 7.72–7.87
1994:, which discusses the other major translations as well.
1901:
Laurentius Valla, Treviso: J. Rubeus Vercellensis, 1483
1785:
The 400 with daggers dismiss the council (Boule) . 8.69
1800:
Exaggerated report at Samos of horrors at Athens. 8.74
1340:, frustrating Athenian designs on the island. 4.58–65
1139:
in western Greece. 3.94–3.98, 3.100–3.102, 3.105–3.114
1061:
as an ally and prepares to counter the Athenians. 3.15
513:
2232:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
3406:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
2382:, 2nd Ser., Vol. 17, No. 1 (April, 1970), pp. 100–04
1815:
Athenians reinforced, Pelop unwilling to fight. 8.79
1621:
to Sicily and clash with Athens at Argos. 6.104–105
890:
leads the Peloponnesian army into Attica. 2.10–2.12
3366:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
3224:
2635:. Berkeley: University of California Press (1998).
1863:Pelop ships defeat Athenians, Euboea revolts. 8.95
1740:Pissander to pave way for Alcibiades’ return. 8.49
1330:is hemmed in on all sides and desperate. 4.53–4.57
1067:surrenders to Athens despite Spartan support. 3.28
232:"what was called for in each situation" (1.22.1).
1117:' account of the evils of civil strife. 3.82–3.84
1094:Trial and execution of the Plataeans. 3.53–3.68.
510:, quakes and waves in terms of cause and effect.
502:Thucydides correlates, in his description of the
477:in the years 479 BC to 432 BC in book one of the
3740:
2683:. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1994).
2618:. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1984).
1827:Tissaphernes fails to pay Spartan soldiers. 8.83
1737:Alcibiades plots his return to Athens. 8.47–8.48
506:, for the first time in the recorded history of
323:
2378:Smid, T. C.: "'Tsunamis' in Greek Literature",
2200:
1821:Alcibiades recalled, promises Persian aid. 8.81
1788:Oligarchs offer to make peace with Sparta. 8.70
1764:another treaty bet Persia and Sparta. 8.58–8.59
1758:Alcibiades’ plans w/ Tissaphernes unravel. 8.56
1409:Speech of Brasidas to the Acanthians. 4.85–4.87
2557:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 77–88,
2168:, ed. June Allison, (Columbus 1990), pp. 46–91
2166:Conflict, Antithesis and the Ancient Historian
1713:Tissaphernes distributes pay to Spartans. 8.29
670:also parodies it (among others) in his satire
2833:
2708:, pp. 104–81. Last accessed 1 March 2016
2549:Rusten, Jeffrey S. (2023), Low, Polly (ed.),
2501:Woodrow Wilson (The American President Series
1719:Conflict between Pedaitus and Astyochus. 8.39
1214:and rouses the troops with a speech. 4.9–4.10
933:Athenian naval counterattacks along coast of
307:to be a poetic exaggeration, he uses Homer's
248:There are scholars, however, who doubt this.
2439:. New York: Dover Publications. p. 147.
2278:Inventing Homer: The Early Reception of Epic
2180:Inventing Homer: The Early Reception of Epic
2081:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–4.
1896:Title page to a translation by Thomas Hobbes
1776:Popular party suspicious of each other. 8.66
1710:Phrynichus = a “man of sense” retreats. 8.27
1686:Alcibiades encourages Endius to revolt. 8.12
1221:distinguishes himself for bravery. 4.11–4.12
957:and Athenian naval counterattacks. 2.55–2.58
798:The Speech of the Athenian envoys. 1.73–1.78
2847:
1701:Samos commons overthrow upper classes. 8.21
1689:Alcibiades encourages Chios to revolt. 8.14
1602:Debate between Hermocrates and Euphemus at
1552:Speeches of Nicias and Alcibiades. 6.8–6.26
984:, the islands, and the Northeast. 2.66–2.69
114:(431–404 BC), which was fought between the
2840:
2826:
2733:. Oxford: Oxford University Press (1998).
2584:
2109:
1692:Athens reverses law on reserve funds. 8.15
759:, also known as the Archaeology. 1.1–1.19.
283:
25:
3774:Unfinished literature completed by others
3469:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2701:Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum
2642:. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon (1991–1996).
2078:A handbook to the reception of Thucydides
2074:
1614:Athenian victories at Syracuse. 6.94–103
1252:in exchange for the return of the men on
765:Causes of the war (433–432 BC) 1.24–1.66
689:In the 17th century, English philosopher
682:on his voyage across the Atlantic to the
16:5th century BC history book by Thucydides
2398:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics
2302:
1891:
1887:
1631:Arrival of Gylippus at Syracuse. 7.1–7.3
1599:Athenian victory at Syracuse. 6.62–6.71
1520:and breaking up of the League. 5.63–5.81
795:The Speech of the Corinthians. 1.68–1.71
706:
526:
418:
176:
2406:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3138
1580:Arrival of Athenians in Sicily. 6.42–52
1307:End of Corcyraean revolution. 4.46–4.48
588:
457:The Influence of Sea Power upon History
3784:Political philosophy in ancient Greece
3741:
2548:
2519:
2472:
2449:
2229:
1794:Seamen at Samos reject oligarchy. 8.72
1755:Athens defeats Chians, Pedaritus. 8.55
1438:secures the revolt of the garrison of
1126:. 3.86, 3.90, 3.99, 3.103, 3.115–3.116
824:The progress from supremacy to empire.
746:
414:
184:, fragment of a 1st-century manuscript
2821:
2731:Thucydides: Narrative and Explanation
2555:The Cambridge Companion to Thucydides
1677:Persians offer support to Sparta. 8.5
1276:Siege of the Spartiates on Sphacteria
387:is preoccupied with the interplay of
31:10th-century minuscule manuscript of
2808:The History of the Peloponnesian War
2434:
2391:
1716:The Spartan treaty with Persia. 8.37
1671:Disbelief and despair in Athens. 8.1
1201:attack on the Athenian fort at Pylos
832:Diplomatic maneuvering. 1.126–1.139
403:does not discuss topics such as the
172:
3411:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
2716:Thucydides and Athenian Imperialism
2052:, 4th ed., (New York 1975), p. 252.
1881:Abrupt ending of the history. 8.109
1743:Alcibiades betrays Phrynichus. 8.50
1336:cities make peace in conference at
1278:continues without result. 4.26–4.27
1228:defeat the Spartan assault on Pylos
1130:Tsunami and inquiry into its causes
907:for refugees from countryside. 2.17
666:as turgid and excessively austere.
514:Some difficulties of interpretation
263:
13:
2718:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell (1963).
2112:"History of the Peloponnesian War"
1290:results in the capture of all the
762:Methodological excursus. 1.20–1.23
340:to the exclusion of other topics.
14:
3805:
2769:
1992:review of Lattimore's translation
1695:Sparta and Persian alliance. 8.18
1284:takes command at Pylos. 4.27–4.29
1085:Some Plataeans escape. 3.20–3.24.
717:Francesco di Antonio del Chierico
20:History of the Peloponnesian War
3722:
3721:
3563:Palestinian expulsion and flight
2801:
2795:History of the Peloponnesian War
2787:
2775:
2765:, Versione Latina, (London 1819)
2499:H.W. Brands, Arthur Schlesinger
2476:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2363:History of the Peloponnesian War
2309:The International History Review
2291:History of the Peloponnesian War
1962:Charles Forster Smith, 1919–23 (
1746:Phrynichus fortifies Samos. 8.51
1549:Early history of Sicily. 6.1–6.6
1100:Speech of the Thebans. 3.61–3.67
497:
107:History of the Peloponnesian War
3426:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
3361:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
3168:Causes of the Armenian genocide
2748:. New York: Free Press (1996).
2608:
2578:
2542:
2528:
2513:
2493:
2466:
2443:
2428:
2385:
2372:
2351:
2296:
2283:
2267:
2258:
2223:
2065:, (Princeton 1984), pp. 231–32.
1611:Alcibiades at Sparta. 6.88–6.93
1562:Departure of the expedition to
1458:Truce breaks down. 4.122–4.123.
1046:Speech of Mytilenian envoys to
973:' qualities and the causes for
110:is a historical account of the
3698:Gunpowder and gun transmission
3572:Zionism as settler colonialism
2539:(Oxford Clarendon Press; 1901)
2194:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2124:10.1093/oseo/instance.00266021
2103:
2068:
2055:
2042:
2029:
1492:Feeling against Sparta in the
1245:to negotiate peace. 4.13–4.22
1161:Annual invasion of Attica. 4.2
1097:Speech of Plataeans, 3.53–3.59
702:
364:, describe early instances of
1:
2321:10.1080/07075332.2003.9641012
2018:
1854:The oligarchy collapses. 8.92
1698:Chians encourage revolt. 8.19
1657:Folly and obstinacy of Nicias
1375:eludes Athenian capture. 4.74
1344:Speech of Hermocrates at Gela
235:
195:
142:is divided into eight books.
3794:Phoenicia in ancient sources
3769:Ancient Greek military books
3754:5th-century BC history books
3749:Books about military history
2665:. London: Duckworth (1987).
2437:The Ancient Greek Historians
2392:Saïd, Suzanne (2015-07-30).
2303:Eckstein, Arthur M. (2003).
2023:
1660:Battles in the Great Harbour
1641:Successes of the Syracusans.
1365:Inconclusive engagements at
1300:leads an Athenian attack on
980:Diplomacy and skirmishes in
631:
615:Open Society and Its Enemies
376:with regards to the work of
7:
3789:Ancient Greek history books
3330:German resistance to Nazism
3186:Persian famine of 1917–1919
2811:public domain audiobook at
2473:Popper, Karl (2012-11-12).
2118:, Oxford University Press,
2006:
1650:Defeat of the Athenians at
1272:Events in Sicily. 4.24–4.25
1210:coordinates the defense of
1186:cuts short the invasion of
1054:, asking for help. 3.9–3.14
1004:in the Northeast. 2.80–2.92
924:Athenian fury and anger at
858:' first speech. 1.140–1.145
684:Versailles Peace Conference
576:argues against this, since
226:funeral oration of Pericles
208:
10:
3810:
3335:Nazi foreign policy debate
2681:The Humanity of Thucydides
2640:A Commentary on Thucydides
2207:Cambridge University Press
1851:The oligarchs’ plans. 8.91
1773:Oligarchy triumphant. 8.65
1234:on the adjacent island of
1230:and cut off a garrison of
660:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
547:
504:426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami
3716:
3685:
3649:
3543:
3497:
3483:Second Sino-Japanese War
3461:
3391:
3343:
3305:
3265:
3141:
2963:
2882:
2858:
2744:Strassler, Robert B, ed.
2585:Thucydides (2009-06-11).
2563:10.1017/9781316227442.008
2203:Individuals in Thucydides
1878:Alcibiades returns. 8.108
1818:Revolt of Byzantium. 8.80
1722:Slaves desert Chios. 8.40
1587:Harmodius and Aristogiton
941:Pericles' Funeral Oration
463:
454:, whose influential work
162:reader-response criticism
92:
82:
74:
64:
54:
44:
24:
3779:History books about wars
3401:Auschwitz bombing debate
3087:Indian Rebellion of 1857
2938:Late Bronze Age collapse
2872:List of military museums
2201:Westlake, H. D. (2010).
1860:Pelop ships appear. 8.94
1294:trapped there. 4.29–4.41
903:Difficult conditions in
423:Illustration of a Greek
3351:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
3210:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2520:Hobbes, Thomas (1629).
1451:revolts from Athens to
1424:Continued successes of
1265:First Peloponnesian War
977:' eventual defeat. 2.65
399:For the most part, the
284:Rationalization of myth
3474:"Battle for Australia"
3356:Soviet offensive plans
3325:Broad vs. narrow front
3164:Late Ottoman genocides
2780:Quotations related to
2712:Romilly, Jacqueline de
2503:), Times Books, 2003
2153:Yale Classical Studies
2013:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 17
1953:, 1881 (archival copy)
1897:
1680:Isthmian Festival. 8.9
1217:The Spartan commander
1164:Athenians en route to
1122:Athenian campaigns in
1007:Threat of raid on the
937:and islands. 2.23–2.32
737:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 16
724:
700:
629:
438:or naval warfare. The
427:
324:Subject matter of the
185:
3703:Torsion mangonel myth
3635:Sri Lankan Civil War
2782:The Peloponnesian War
2588:The Peloponnesian War
2450:Bowker, Stan (1966).
1921:Johann David Heilmann
1895:
1888:Selected translations
1809:Debate in Samos. 8.77
1592:Recall and flight of
1384:. 4.76, 4.89–4.101.2
1206:The Athenian general
1082:. 3.20–3.24, 3.52–68
896:Excursus on Athenian
870:' attempt to subvert
710:
695:
625:
527:Strata of composition
422:
180:
130:). It was written by
3320:"Blitzkrieg" concept
3191:Powder keg of Europe
3066:Franco-Prussian War
1728:Rhodes revolts. 8.44
1674:Allies revolt. 8.2–4
1668:Book 8 (413–411 BC)
1628:Book 7 (414–413 BC)
1539:Book 6 (415–414 BC)
1476:Book 5 (422–415 BC)
1314:, an island off the
1288:Battle of Sphacteria
1158:Book 4 (425–423 BC)
1030:Book 3 (428–425 BC)
863:Book 2 (431–428 BC)
817:From the end of the
786:Peloponnesian League
589:Critical evaluations
347:concentrates on the
217:, in the context of
116:Peloponnesian League
3656:Russo-Georgian War
3629:Sovereignty dispute
3608:Iranian Revolution
3438:"Polish death camp"
3415:In relation to the
3124:Myth of English aid
3115:War of the Pacific
2892:Albigensian Crusade
2661:Hornblower, Simon,
2638:Hornblower, Simon,
2614:Connor, W. Robert,
2435:Bury, J. B (1958).
2177:Graziosi, Barbara.
2002:Jeremy Mynott, 2013
1981:Walter Blanco, 1998
1976:John H. Finley, Jr.
1573:and Athenagoras at
1544:Sicilian Expedition
1351:Athenian attack on
1144:Heraclea in Trachis
1142:Spartans establish
1033:Annual invasion of
1000:Naval victories of
953:Second invasion of
747:Outline of the work
719:, and dedicated to
574:Sicilian Expedition
452:Alfred Thayer Mahan
415:Military technology
88:Late 5th century BC
21:
3671:Syrian revolution
3583:Malayan Emergency
3558:1948 Palestine war
3291:Spanish Civil War
3241:War guilt question
3050:American Civil War
3030:Invasion of Russia
3006:New Russian School
2037:History and Theory
1898:
1617:Spartans dispatch
1518:Battle of Mantinea
1483:and Brasidas. 5.10
1415:Fall of Amphipolis
1310:Athenians capture
1199:Concerted Spartan
1041:Revolt of Mytilene
880:First invasion of
725:
672:The True Histories
428:
309:Catalogue of Ships
292:, especially from
186:
19:
3764:Peloponnesian War
3736:
3735:
3539:
3538:
3417:Armenian genocide
3280:Polish–Soviet War
3275:Burning of Smyrna
3261:
3260:
3251:Reichstag inquiry
3174:Patriotic consent
3045:
3044:
3020:War in the Vendée
2984:French Revolution
2966:century conflicts
2955:Peloponnesian War
2916:Eighty Years' War
2792:Works related to
2598:978-0-19-282191-1
2572:978-1-107-10705-2
2509:978-0-8050-6955-6
2486:978-1-136-70025-5
2415:978-0-19-938113-5
2380:Greece & Rome
2216:978-0-521-14753-8
2133:978-0-19-282191-1
2088:978-1-4051-9691-8
2050:History of Greece
1957:Edgar C. Marchant
1634:Fortification of
1559:. 6.27–6.29, 6.53
1461:Athenians retake
1190:to return to the
1149:Athenians purify
1091:surrenders. 3.52.
1071:Mytilenian Debate
757:Peloponnesian War
338:Peloponnesian War
215:historical method
173:Historical method
112:Peloponnesian War
102:
101:
93:Publication place
3801:
3759:Unfinished books
3725:
3724:
3708:War and genocide
3532:
3518:Résistancialisme
3505:Battle of France
3487:Nanjing Massacre
3341:
3340:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3182:
3132:
3014:
2997:
2970:
2969:
2897:Catharism debate
2883:pre-18th century
2865:Military history
2842:
2835:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2791:
2779:
2694:Pade, Marianne,
2629:Crane, Gregory,
2603:
2602:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2389:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2274:Barbara Graziosi
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2198:
2192:
2183:, 2002, p. 118,
2175:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2155:(1975) 24:71–94.
2149:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2072:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2039:(1983) 22:54–63.
2033:
1985:Steven Lattimore
1398:marches through
1388:Battle of Delium
1322:, a town in the
988:Fall of Potidaea
948:plague of Athens
866:War begins with
784:Congress of the
264:Role of religion
145:Analyses of the
84:Publication date
29:
22:
18:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3712:
3693:Conflict thesis
3681:
3645:
3535:
3526:
3493:
3457:
3387:
3339:
3301:
3267:Interwar period
3257:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3196:Schlieffen Plan
3176:
3137:
3126:
3041:
3008:
2991:
2976:
2965:
2959:
2943:Dorian invasion
2928:Fall of Babylon
2884:
2878:
2877:
2854:
2846:
2802:
2772:
2677:Orwin, Clifford
2611:
2606:
2599:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2529:
2518:
2514:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2448:
2444:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2373:
2356:
2352:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2284:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2199:
2195:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2108:
2104:
2089:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2009:
1951:Benjamin Jowett
1941:Benjamin Jowett
1931:Richard Crawley
1890:
1683:Alcamenes. 8.10
1525:Melian Dialogue
1487:Peace of Nicias
1057:Sparta accepts
749:
721:Pope Nicholas V
715:, decorated by
705:
634:
591:
550:
529:
516:
508:natural science
500:
475:Athenian empire
466:
417:
362:Melian dialogue
329:
286:
266:
238:
211:
198:
175:
85:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3665:Responsibility
3662:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3577:New Historians
3574:
3569:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3443:Responsibility
3440:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3219:
3207:
3201:Spirit of 1914
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3171:
3161:
3158:Fischer thesis
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3099:Paraguayan War
3096:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3025:Napoleonic era
3022:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3003:
2998:
2989:Pre-revolution
2980:
2978:
2974:Coalition Wars
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2924:
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2901:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2852:historiography
2845:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2799:
2785:
2771:
2770:External links
2768:
2767:
2766:
2757:
2742:
2727:
2709:
2692:
2674:
2659:
2636:
2627:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2591:. OUP Oxford.
2577:
2571:
2541:
2527:
2512:
2492:
2485:
2465:
2442:
2427:
2414:
2384:
2371:
2368:3.89.2–5
2350:
2315:(4): 757–774.
2295:
2282:
2266:
2257:
2244:10.2307/283914
2222:
2215:
2209:. p. 60.
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1597:
1590:
1585:Digression on
1583:
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1578:
1567:
1560:
1555:Affair of the
1553:
1550:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1498:League of the
1496:
1490:
1484:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:. 4.129–4.131.
1459:
1456:
1446:
1443:
1432:. 4.111–4.135
1422:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1378:
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1376:
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1363:
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1197:
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1195:
1162:
1156:
1155:
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1140:
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1120:
1119:
1118:
1107:Revolution at
1105:
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1101:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1038:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1012:
1005:
998:
993:Investment of
991:
985:
978:
969:' estimate of
964:
958:
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944:
938:
931:
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929:
922:
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894:
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861:
860:
859:
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851:
840:
830:
827:
826:
825:
815:
814:
813:
808:The Speech of
806:
801:The Speech of
799:
796:
782:
781:
780:
775:The Affair of
773:
768:The Affair of
763:
760:
748:
745:
704:
701:
676:Woodrow Wilson
662:rejecting the
642:historiography
633:
630:
620:Karl R. Popper
593:The historian
590:
587:
549:
546:
528:
525:
515:
512:
499:
496:
465:
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416:
413:
370:power politics
360:, such as the
334:Tyrant Slayers
328:
322:
285:
282:
265:
262:
237:
234:
210:
207:
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190:historiography
174:
171:
100:
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66:
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56:
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30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3806:
3795:
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3657:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:Post-Cold War
3648:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:Falklands War
3622:
3620:
3619:Iran–Iraq War
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3592:
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3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Ongoing Nakba
3564:
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3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
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3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3520:
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3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:Western Front
3496:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3479:Bengal famine
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
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3454:
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3446:
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3412:
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3407:
3404:
3402:
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3398:
3396:
3394:
3393:The Holocaust
3390:
3382:
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3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
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3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:Eastern Front
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3293:
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3276:
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3270:
3268:
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3252:
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3234:
3233:
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3223:
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3199:
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3155:
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3148:
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3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3075:Paris Commune
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:Turning point
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:18th and 19th
2962:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
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2940:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2909:Islamic views
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
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2857:
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2850:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2798:at Wikisource
2797:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2754:0-684-82815-4
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2739:0-19-927585-8
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:0-88143-072-2
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:0-691-03449-4
2686:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2671:0-7156-2156-4
2668:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2656:0-19-927625-0
2653:
2649:
2648:0-19-815099-7
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2624:0-691-03569-5
2621:
2617:
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2545:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2479:. Routledge.
2478:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:"Kitto At BC"
2446:
2438:
2431:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2403:
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2197:
2190:
2189:0-521-80966-5
2186:
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2174:
2167:
2161:
2154:
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2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2064:
2061:W.R. Connor,
2058:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:William Smith
1913:
1910:
1909:Thomas Hobbes
1906:
1903:
1900:
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1874:
1871:
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1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
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1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1656:
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1649:
1647:
1643:
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1637:
1633:
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1629:
1627:
1620:
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1615:
1613:
1610:
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1601:
1600:
1598:
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1591:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1568:
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1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:. 4.120–4.123
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:. 4.110–4.116
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:. 4.102–4.108
1420:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1379:
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1371:
1368:
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1361:
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1335:
1332:
1329:
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1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1259:The Athenian
1258:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:Campaigns of
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
989:
986:
983:
979:
976:
972:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
932:
927:
923:
920:
916:
912:
909:
906:
902:
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:
883:
879:
876:
873:
869:
865:
864:
862:
857:
854:
850:. 1.128–1.138
849:
845:
841:
839:. 1.126–1.127
838:
834:
833:
831:
828:
823:
822:
820:
816:
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
794:
793:
791:
787:
783:
778:
774:
771:
767:
766:
764:
761:
758:
754:
753:
751:
750:
744:
742:
738:
734:
729:
722:
718:
714:
713:Lorenzo Valla
709:
699:
694:
692:
691:Thomas Hobbes
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:
647:
643:
639:
628:
624:
621:
617:
616:
610:
608:
603:
598:
596:
586:
584:
579:
575:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
545:
542:
538:
534:
524:
521:
511:
509:
505:
498:Earth science
495:
493:
488:
482:
480:
476:
471:
461:
459:
458:
453:
449:
444:
441:
437:
433:
426:
421:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
327:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
281:
277:
275:
270:
261:
259:
255:
251:
246:
243:
233:
229:
227:
223:
220:
219:ancient Greek
216:
206:
204:
193:
191:
183:
179:
170:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:Delian League
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:
98:
95:
91:
87:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
59:Ancient Greek
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
34:
28:
23:
3598:Six-Day War
3594:Algerian War
3565: /
3524:Vichy France
3516:
3509:
3419: /
3307:World War II
3203: /
2954:
2870:
2863:
2807:
2794:
2784:at Wikiquote
2761:
2759:Thucydides,
2745:
2730:
2715:
2705:
2699:
2696:"Thucydides"
2680:
2662:
2639:
2631:
2615:
2609:Bibliography
2587:
2580:
2554:
2544:
2535:
2530:
2524:. p. 5.
2521:
2515:
2500:
2495:
2475:
2468:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2436:
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2397:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2353:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2290:
2289:Thucydides,
2285:
2277:
2269:
2260:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2202:
2196:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2137:, retrieved
2115:
2105:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2031:
1569:Speeches of
1527:. 5.84–5.113
1465:and besiege
1380:Invasion of
1355:. 4.66–4.74
1169:occupy Pylos
1111:. 3.70–3.85
1025:. 2.95–2.101
1017:campaign in
884:. 2.10–2.23
848:Themistocles
842:Excursus on
835:Excursus on
810:Sthenelaidas
792:. 1.67–1.88
735:, including
730:
726:
696:
688:
679:
671:
663:
655:
649:
637:
636:Thucydides'
635:
626:
613:
611:
599:
592:
582:
570:
565:
561:
553:
551:
540:
536:
532:
530:
519:
518:Thucydides'
517:
501:
491:
483:
478:
469:
467:
455:
445:
439:
431:
429:
409:architecture
400:
398:
392:
384:
382:
357:
353:
344:
342:
330:
325:
318:
298:
290:Greek mythos
287:
278:
267:
250:Ernst Badian
247:
239:
230:
222:oral culture
212:
199:
187:
165:
159:
154:
146:
144:
139:
106:
105:
103:
36:
3527: [
3462:Pacific War
3246:Article 231
3236:Reparations
3213: [
3177: [
3154:Color books
3143:World War I
3127: [
3104:War of 1812
3009: [
2992: [
2977:(1792–1815)
2948:Sea Peoples
2933:Gallic Wars
2729:Rood, Tim,
2456:The Heights
2048:J.B. Bury,
1654:. 7.42–7.59
1646:Demosthenes
1644:Arrival of
1638:. 7.19–7.30
1606:. 6.72–6.88
1596:. 6.60–6.61
1589:. 6.53–6.58
1571:Hermocrates
1566:. 6.30–6.32
1546:. 6.8–6.52
1514:. 5.27–5.48
1494:Peloponnese
1489:. 5.13–5.24
1358:Capture of
1346:. 4.59–4.64
1324:Peloponnese
1316:Peloponnese
1304:. 4.42–4.45
1267:. 4.21–4.22
1256:. 4.17–4.20
1238:. 4.13–4.14
1208:Demosthenes
1203:. 4.8–4.15
1192:Peloponnese
1173:Peloponnese
1146:. 3.92–3.93
1137:Demosthenes
1073:. 3.37–3.50
1043:. 3.2–3.50
1011:. 2.93–2.94
997:. 2.71–2.78
950:. 2.47–2.54
943:. 2.34–2.46
935:Peloponnese
928:. 2.21–2.22
921:. 2.18–2.20
900:. 2.15–2.16
819:Persian War
805:. 1.80–1.85
779:. 1.56–1.66
772:. 1.24–1.55
733:Oxyrhynchus
703:Manuscripts
602:H. D. Kitto
411:of Greece.
366:realpolitik
3743:Categories
3660:Background
3511:Guilty Men
3453:Uniqueness
3376:Background
3371:Winter War
3295:Background
3228:Versailles
3082:Great Game
2663:Thucydides
2650:(vol. 1),
2616:Thucydides
2421:2021-10-17
2358:Thucydides
2238:: 119–47.
2139:2021-10-15
2063:Thucydides
2019:References
1990:Bryn Mawr
1970:Rex Warner
1594:Alcibiades
1500:Mantineans
1292:Spartiates
1254:Sphacteria
1236:Sphacteria
1232:Spartiates
1175:. 4.2–4.6
1115:Thucydides
967:Thucydides
911:Archidamus
888:Archidamus
803:Archidamus
790:Lacedaemon
648:wrote his
609:herself."
600:Historian
595:J. B. Bury
578:Thucydides
436:siegeworks
378:Thucydides
343:While the
316:supplies.
301:Trojan War
236:Neutrality
196:Chronology
182:P. Oxy. 16
151:J. B. Bury
132:Thucydides
122:) and the
49:Thucydides
33:Thucydides
3431:Pius Wars
3226:Treaty of
2885:conflicts
2658:(vol. 2).
2345:154821198
2329:0707-5332
2280:, p. 121.
2097:999625055
2024:Citations
1947:Full text
1937:Full text
1927:Full text
1905:Full text
1577:. 6.33–41
1512:Athenians
1479:Death of
1019:Macedonia
898:synoikism
874:. 2.1–2.6
844:Pausanias
770:Epidamnus
678:read the
651:Hellenica
632:Influence
558:Herodotus
203:Herodotus
75:Publisher
3727:Category
3545:Cold War
3448:Slovakia
3035:Waterloo
2904:Crusades
2849:Military
2813:LibriVox
2337:40110357
2007:See also
1652:Epipolae
1619:Gylippus
1604:Camarina
1575:Syracuse
1530:Fate of
1453:Brasidas
1436:Brasidas
1426:Brasidas
1419:Brasidas
1400:Thessaly
1396:Brasidas
1334:Sicilian
1219:Brasidas
1132:3.89.2–5
1078:Fall of
1065:Mytilene
1023:Sitalces
1015:Thracian
971:Pericles
961:Pericles
926:Pericles
919:Acharnai
913:ravages
856:Pericles
777:Potidaea
646:Xenophon
487:Spartans
374:realists
349:military
313:Hellenic
269:The gods
242:unbiased
209:Speeches
136:Athenian
126:(led by
118:(led by
55:Language
3686:Related
3639:Origins
3602:Origins
3553:Origins
3109:Origins
3055:Origins
2921:Origins
2394:"Homer"
1636:Decelea
1534:. 5.116
1508:Argives
1382:Boeotia
1312:Cythera
1302:Corinth
1171:in the
1153:. 3.104
1109:Corcyra
1089:Plataea
1080:Plataea
1052:Olympia
1009:Piraeus
1002:Phormio
995:Plataea
872:Plataea
752:Book 1
680:History
664:History
656:History
638:History
612:In his
583:History
562:History
554:History
548:Sources
541:History
537:History
533:History
520:History
492:History
479:History
470:History
448:trireme
440:History
432:History
425:trireme
401:History
393:History
389:justice
385:History
358:History
354:History
345:History
326:History
166:History
155:History
147:History
140:History
78:Various
69:History
37:History
3675:Causes
3612:Causes
3587:Causes
3381:Spirit
3315:Causes
3285:Causes
3150:Causes
3119:Causes
3092:Causes
3070:Causes
3001:Causes
2752:
2737:
2722:
2687:
2669:
2654:
2646:
2622:
2595:
2569:
2507:
2483:
2412:
2366:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2252:283914
2250:
2213:
2187:
2130:
2095:
2085:
1987:, 1998
1978:, 1963
1972:, 1954
1959:, 1900
1943:, 1881
1933:, 1874
1923:, 1760
1917:, 1753
1911:, 1628
1564:Sicily
1557:Hermae
1510:, and
1504:Eleans
1467:Scione
1449:Scione
1440:Torone
1430:Thrace
1404:Thrace
1373:Megara
1369:. 4.73
1367:Megara
1362:. 4.69
1360:Nisaea
1353:Megara
1328:Sparta
1320:Thyrea
1318:, and
1298:Nicias
1250:Athens
1243:Athens
1188:Attica
1184:Sparta
1166:Sicily
1124:Sicily
1059:Lesbos
1048:Sparta
1035:Attica
1021:under
990:. 2.70
982:Thrace
975:Athens
955:Attica
905:Athens
882:Attica
868:Thebes
812:. 1.86
668:Lucian
607:Sappho
464:Empire
164:, the
128:Athens
120:Sparta
97:Athens
45:Author
3531:]
3421:Nakba
3217:]
3181:]
3131:]
3013:]
2996:]
2462:(16).
2341:S2CID
2333:JSTOR
2248:JSTOR
1532:Melos
1481:Cleon
1463:Mende
1282:Cleon
1261:Cleon
1212:Pylos
1194:. 4.6
1178:King
1151:Delos
1037:. 3.1
915:Oenoe
837:Cylon
739:and
294:Homer
274:Homer
258:Cleon
254:Homer
134:, an
65:Genre
3205:1917
2750:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2685:ISBN
2667:ISBN
2652:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2567:ISBN
2505:ISBN
2481:ISBN
2460:XLVI
2410:ISBN
2325:ISSN
2211:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2093:OCLC
2083:ISBN
1964:Loeb
1542:The
1523:The
1338:Gela
1180:Agis
946:The
917:and
846:and
552:The
468:The
430:The
407:and
383:The
305:Troy
104:The
2559:doi
2402:doi
2317:doi
2240:doi
2236:116
2120:doi
1428:in
1417:to
1402:to
1182:of
1050:at
788:at
566:ff.
405:art
368:or
35:'s
3745::
3529:fr
3215:ru
3179:fr
3156:/
3129:es
3011:ru
2994:fr
2714:,
2704:,
2698:,
2679:,
2565:,
2553:,
2458:.
2454:.
2408:.
2400:.
2396:.
2360:,
2339:.
2331:.
2323:.
2313:25
2311:.
2307:.
2276:,
2246:.
2234:.
2205:.
2191:.
2126:,
2114:,
2091:.
1949:–
1939:–
1929:–
1907:–
1506:,
1502:,
1326:.
743:.
741:17
686:.
674:.
618:,
494:.
380:.
260:.
205:.
192:.
3170:)
3166:(
3160:)
3152:(
2841:e
2834:t
2827:v
2756:.
2741:.
2726:.
2706:8
2691:.
2673:.
2626:.
2601:.
2561::
2489:.
2424:.
2404::
2347:.
2319::
2293:.
2254:.
2242::
2219:.
2122::
2099:.
1966:)
723:.
39:.
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