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unicameral one. This would have 350 seats, all of which would be filled by direct election. However, the second general election to the unicameral
Riksdag only gave the government support from 175 members, while the opposition could mobilize an equal force of 175 members, resulting in what became known as the "lottery Riksdag", in which the Speaker had to draw
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From the second half of the 19th century, when the
Riksdag was founded, until the early 20th century, Swedish society underwent a number of fundamental changes that impacted on the political system. Political demands, but also sheer economic progress, increased the size of the electorate and the
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Effective from 1970, a reform of the
Riksdag had been agreed upon. Though not technically part of the constitution it showed that the parties in the Riksdag were able to agree upon fundamental changes of the political system, which transformed the Riksdag from a bicameral legislature into a
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parliamentary system was firmly established, somewhat similar to the situation in the United
Kingdom, there were demands for a more democratic constitution. One of the main issues was whether the monarchy would survive constitutional reform and this blocked the issue for a long time.
155:. Despite the fundamental change in the principles of representation, the social composition of the Riksdag did not alter by much, and the system of government had not changed. Under the Constitution of 1809 the Riksdag still divided the powers of government with the King.
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the
Estates voted in 1866 to dissolve the Riksdag of the Estates and establish a new Riksdag. The new Riksdag was a political assembly with two chambers where the members were chosen in national elections.
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degree of political mobilization. This in turn also sponsored the emergence and growth of political parties. As such, the legislature became more assertive against royal authority, successfully asserting
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The revolution was that citizens could participate and vote in the elections without regard to which Estate they had hitherto belonged; instead there were new requirements on income or wealth, i.e.
206:, the King reluctantly resolved to appoint a cabinet from the reform-minded majority in the Riksdag. The new government's main task was to present bills on constitutional reform.
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lost all formal political influence and became only a symbolic head of state. Several of the traditional head-of-state functions have instead been transferred to the
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In the 1960s, debates intensified over constitutional reform in Sweden. The fundamental question was over the system of government. Even though a
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was established as a vital part of the
Constitution and for the system of government. The monarchy was retained, whereas the
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established; the King could not (or at least would not dare) keep a government in office against parliamentary objections.
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359:. Pitt series in policy and institutional studies, 99-0818751-1. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. p.
401:. The American foreign policy library, 99-0107809-1 (Rev. and enl. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U.P. p. 63.
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kept the King’s conservative government in office, in the face of popular unrest and a clear majority for the opposition
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to resolve deadlocked votes. In 1974, it was decided that the number of seats from 1977 were to be reduced to 349.
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Lewin, Leif (1 May 2007). "Majoritarian and
Consensus Democracy: the Swedish Experience".
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The last time the king attempted to assert himself in opposition to the
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the Riksdag shared the powers of government with the King.
432:"Sweden: A Mild Case of 'Electoral Instability Syndrome'?"
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Tage Erlander: serving the welfare state, 1946-1969
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38:. This annual ceremony was discontinued in 1975.
430:Broughton, David; Donovan, Mark, eds. (1999).
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