History of the South African Air Force

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by the loss of experienced air-crews. This has placed strain on the bringing new types of aircraft into service, specifically the Gripen, Hawk, Rooivalk, A 109 and Lynx. The cancellation of the SAAF participation and procurement of the A400M in November 2009 has prevented the SAAF from any strategic airlift capability needed for domestic, regional and continent-wide operations. There is no clear indication as yet regarding how the heavy/long-range airlift gap will be addressed. Current air combat capabilities are limited to the Gripen multi-role fighter and the Rooivalk combat support helicopter – although in insufficient number to allow regional deployments while maintaining national air space protection and training obligations. To overcome this shortfall, the SAAF has designated the Hawk Mk 120 trainers for additional tactical reconnaissance and weapon delivery platforms for targets designated by the Gripen's. Financial constraints have further limited flying hours on the newly acquired aircraft; it is planned to keep Gripen pilots current flying the lower cost Hawk aircraft with "Gripenised" cockpits. The number of current Gripen pilots is currently (2011) classified as secret.

1043:, the SAAF supplied 20 aircrews to support the effort. The air-crews flew to Britain via east Africa, Egypt and Malta and were assigned to fly RAF C-47 Dakotas as part of the Royal Air Force effort after receiving advanced training on the aircraft type at RAF Bassingbourne. They flew 1,240 missions and delivered 4,133 tons of supplies. The sorties were flown from Lubeck in West Germany into RAF Gatow in West Berlin. On return trips, the aircraft frequently carried civilians in need of evacuation from occupied Berlin, especially orphaned children who were placed with families in the West. The Soviet blockade of Berlin was lifted at midnight on 12 May 1949 but flights continued for some time after this date to stockpile additional supplies in Berlin. By 24 July 1949, a three-month surplus had been accumulated and the Airlift officially ended on 30 September 1949. 621:

permanent force officers, 35 cadets and 1,400 other ranks organised into one operational and two training squadrons, as well as five shadow squadrons that existed only on paper. The training schemes implemented since 1934 had focused on volume and although over 1,000 pilots had been trained – these pilots could fly, but were not competent as combat pilots. Also, no air observers had yet been trained. The 104 aircraft air fleet was considered obsolete with the front-line operational aircraft consisting of four Hurricanes Mkl's, one Blenheim bomber and one Fairey Battle. Fortunately, there was no enemy activity in the region in the initial period of the war, permitting time to expand and re-structure the SAAF.

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mission was an armed reconnaissance patrol usually undertaken by flights of two or four aircraft armed with two napalm bombs, 127 mm rockets and 12.7 mm machine guns. Later, after the introduction of the Sabres, the squadron was also called on to provide counter-air missions flying as fighter sweeps and interceptions against MiG-15's, but interdiction and close air support remained the primary mission. Losses were 34 SAAF pilots killed, eight taken prisoner (including the future Chief of the Air Force, General D Earp) with 74 Mustangs and 4 Sabres lost. Pilots and men of the squadron received a total of 797 medals including 2

1021:. An Elementary Flying Training School (EFTS) gave a recruit 50 hours of basic aviation instruction on simple trainer aircraft and pilots who showed further promise went on to training at a Service Flying Training School (STFS). The Service Flying Training School provided advanced training for pilots, including fighter and multi-engined aircraft while other trainees went on to different specialties, such as wireless, navigation or bombing and gunnery training. In South Africa, the Elementary Flying Training School and Service Flying Training School curricula were grouped together and known as 808:

required to regain experience on different aircraft, different tactics and operations from different bases. There were cases where experienced fighter pilots were sent back to the Western Desert as bomber pilots for their second tour – compounding the lack of continuity and experience. The South Africans did however command the respect of their German adversaries: "I personally had a firm conviction that the Australian squadrons fought less stubbornly than the English and the South Africans. Of the French we heard only rumours, and of the Poles – I believe that our aversion was reciprocal."

919: 632:(RAF), SAAF and other allied air and ground crews at 38 newly created South African air schools. Resources were increased and by September 1941 the SAAF had a personnel strength of 31 204, of whom 956 were pilots, 715 observers and air-gunners, 2 943 basic trainees and 4 321 members of the Women's Auxiliary Air Force. Urgent aircraft procurement programs resulted in the total number of military aircraft in the Union being increased to 1 709 aircraft (South African based aircraft, excluding those deployed in the different operational areas). 1072: 331: 780: 2360: 399: 858:

remaining aircraft not destroyed were withdrawn by the French and flown south to other airfields on the island. Once the main airfield at Arrachart aerodrome in Diego Suarez had been secured (13 May 1942), the SAAF Air Component flew from Lindi to Arrachart. The air component consisted of thirty-four aircraft (6 Marylands, 11 Beaufort Bombers, 12 Lockheed Lodestars and 6 Ju 52's transports). By September 1942, the South African ground forces committed to

363:(Commandant-General of the Citizen Force) to Britain to observe the 1912 military manoeuvres in Switzerland, Germany, France and England and to report on the viability of using aircraft in military operations. Beyers' response was extremely supportive and encouraging of the establishment of an air corps, particularly for the purpose of aerial scouting. By this time the Patterson / Driver flying syndicate had dissolved and in 1912 Patterson and the 1056:

and Korea, direct ground-based military participation in the conflict was impractical and unrealistic but that a SAAF fighter squadron would be made available to the UN effort. The 50 officers and 157 other ranks of 2 Sqn SAAF sailed from Durban on 26 September 1950 – they had been selected from 1,426 members of the Permanent Force who had initially volunteered for service. This initial contingent was commanded by Cmdt S. van Breda Theron

2312: 613: 1137: 24: 536: 466:, with the South African and British pilots of 26 Squadron (now known as "The South Africa Squadron") being billeted in tents close to their aircraft. The squadron flew reconnaissance and observer missions throughout the campaign until February 1918. The squadron was returned to the UK via Cape Town and arrived at Blandford Camp on 8 July 1918 and was disbanded the same day. 844:

a Free French operation against Madagascar), Churchill and the Chiefs of Staff agreed to an invasion by means of a strong fleet and adequate air support. In March and April 1942, the SAAF had been conducting reconnaissance flights over Diego Suarez and 32, 36 and 37 Coastal Flights were withdrawn from South African maritime patrol operations and sent to

1025:. Thirty-five such air schools were established in South Africa for Commonwealth pilot and crew training. The facilities were under SAAF control and were distributed throughout the country with training being conducted using a wide variety of aircraft (depending on the purpose of the training). The training scheme was in operation from 1939 to 1945. 551:, South Africa received a total of 113 aircraft from both the British Government (100 aircraft) as well as from other sources (13 aircraft) The first batch of aircraft were delivered to the Aircraft and Artillery Depot at Roberts Heights in Pretoria in September 1919 and on 1 February 1920 the South African Air Force was established with Col. 1092:. This was to be the squadron's permanent base for the duration of their first Korean deployment. During this period (while equipped with F-51D Mustangs) the squadron flew 10,373 sorties and lost 74 aircraft out of the total 95 allocated. Twelve pilots were killed in action, 30 missing and four wounded. 1127:

On conclusion of hostilities, the Sabres were returned to the USAF and the squadron returned to South Africa in October 1953. During this period, the Union Defence Forces were reorganised into individual services and the SAAF became an arm of service in its own right, under an Air Chief of Staff (who

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In fear of Japanese occupation and subsequent operations in the Indian Ocean in close proximity to South African sea lanes, Field-Marshal Smuts encouraged the preemptive Allied occupation of the island of Madagascar. After much debate and further encouragement by General de Gaulle (who was urging for

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While the SAAC were engaged in German South West Africa and 26 Sqn RFC in East Africa, many South Africans travelled to the United Kingdom to enlist with the Royal Flying Corps. The number of South Africans in the RFC eventually reached approximately 3,000 men and suffered 260 active-duty fatalities.

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The SAAF fighter, bomber and reconnaissance squadrons played a key role in the Western Desert and North African campaigns from 1941 to 1943. A memorable feat was the SAAF Boston bombers of 12 and 24 Squadrons who dropped hundreds of tons of bombs on the Afrika Korps as it was pushing the Eighth Army

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had sent a report to Mussolini recording the state of chronic unpreparedness of the Allied Forces in East Africa. The collapse of France in 1940 had prompted Mussolini to join the war on the side of the Axis and as a result, air force elements were moved to forward positions in occupied Abyssinia to

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of 1929–1933 had led to forced reductions in defence spending and the South African military had received minimal funding, leading to a reduction in staff, facilities and resources. Economic recovery became visible in 1933 and led to an increase in the demand for gold resulting in significant growth

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at Netharavon, becoming an independent squadron on 8 October 1915. No. 26 Squadron was equipped with the ex-SAAC Henri Farman F-27's used in German West Africa and B.E.2c's from the RFC. Shortly after becoming operational, the squadron was shipped to Kenya in support of the war effort in German East

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passed his final examination on 2 June 1914 and was granted the certificate of the Royal Aero Club, becoming South Africa's first qualified military pilot. The others passed a few days later, with five of them eventually qualifying. On qualifying, the Union Defence Force granted permission for these

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The South African Air Force is currently considered to be the most effective air force in sub-Sahara Africa despite the loss of capability as a consequence of defence cuts after the end of the Border War. These financial cuts have brought about a number of severe operational limitations, compounded

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SAM system was refused by the UK government. The South African government paid 85 per cent of the development costs of the system with the balance being paid for by France. The system was known as "Cactus" within the SAAF and "Crotale" in France. The units were operationally deployed in platoons in

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on the Johannesburg gold mines turned violent and led to the declaration of martial law. 1 Squadron was called to fly reconnaissance missions and to bombard the strikers' positions. Sorties in support of the police amounted to 127 flight hours between 10 and 15 March and this inauspicious start for

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SAAF raid against ANC targets in Mozambique in retaliation for car-bomb explosion outside Air force HQ in Pretoria on 20 May 1983. 12 Impala Mk II aircraft used in strike, 4x 4 Sqn, 4x 8 Sqn and 4x aircraft from AFB Hoedspruit. Impala's armed with 24 x 68mm rockets and 220 rounds 30mm cannon each.

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fielded in the latter part of this conflict. South Africa collaborated with Israel, obtained blueprints by stealth, and innovatively designed and delivered the Cheetah fighter to overcome this challenge, while the Israelis delivered their Kfir fighter out of this joint venture. Both aircraft could

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was signed. During the first phase of the war, the main task of the squadron Mustangs was the interdiction of enemy supply routes which not only accounted for approximately 61.45% of SAAF combat sorties, but which reached an early peak from January to May 1951 (78% and 82%). A typical interdiction

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Sabre fighter-bombers. The first Sabre mission was flown on 16 March 1953 from the K-55 airfield in South Korea, being the first SAAF jet mission flown. The squadron was tasked with fighter sweeps along the Yalu and Chong-Chong rivers as well as close air support attack missions. The squadron flew

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the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution calling for the withdrawal of the North Korean Forces. A request was also made to all UN members for assistance. After a special Cabinet meeting on 20 July 1950 the Union Government announced that due to the long distance between South Africa

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Conditions were however not ideal and pilots and crew were required to operate under critical conditions at times. Pilots were frequently sent home to the Union after gaining experience and did not return for many months, after which conditions in the desert had changed significantly and they were

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During this campaign the SAAF formed a Close Support Flight consisting of four Gladiators and four Hartbees with an autonomous air force commander operating with the land forces. This was the precursor of the Tactical Air Force "cab-rank" technique which were used extensively for close air support

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By the end of World War II, SAAF aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa, had intercepted seventeen enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships and attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines that operated around the South African coast

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flew a Weston-Farman for 8.5 minutes, a South African record time for a sustained flight. Demonstrations by Weston followed well into 1912 and at a large number of locations. In December 1911 two visiting aviators, Cecil Compton Patterson flying a Patterson No. 2 Biplane and Evelyn Driver flying a

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Operation to halt Angolan / Cuban advance on Mavinga. Pumas used for special forces insertion and extraction. 1x F1CZ damaged by MiG-23 AAM-8 missile; crash landed Rundu 27 Sep 87. SA-8 SAM system captured and flown back to S Afr by C160. 3x RPV and 1x Bosbok (#934) lost to SA-8 SAM Sep 87, pilot

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squadrons and on 16 November 1950 an advance detachment consisting of 13 officers and 21 other ranks (including the Squadron Commander and his four Flight Commanders who made the crossing in their own F-51D Mustangs) left Japan for Pusan East (K-9) Air Base in Korea to fly with the USAF pilots in

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had been party to the capturing the southern half of Madagascar as well as the small island of Nossi Be with the SAAF air component supporting these operations. During the campaign which ended with an armistice on 4 November 1942, SAAF aircraft flew a total of 401 sorties with one pilot killed in

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By June 1915 the SAAC commanded by Major Gerard Wallace, was deployed to its first operational airfield at Karabib in German West Africa. Operations were in support of Gen. Botha's South African ground forces, flying reconnaissance and leaflet dropping missions from Karbib and later from Omaruru,

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was responsible for photo reconnaissance flights in support of all Allied forces on the island. After successfully invading the island, a further three squadrons were moved to Sicily and the eight squadrons on the island were tasked with supporting the invasion of Italy: 12 and 24 Squadrons were

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broke out in August 1914, and one month later South African troops invaded German West Africa. Early in the German West African campaign, the Union Defence Force had realised the need for air support – having frequently seen German reconnaissance aircraft above their advancing columns and later,

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During the amphibious / air assault carried out by the Royal Navy and Air Force on 5 May, the Vichy French Air Force consisting mainly of Morane fighters and Potez bombers had attacked the Allied fleet but had been neutralised by the Fleet Air Arm aircraft from the two aircraft carriers. Those

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By the end of May 1943, the SAAF had two Wings and sixteen squadrons in the Middle East and North Africa with 8,000 men. With the end of the North African campaign, the SAAF role underwent change – becoming more active in fighter bomber, bomber and PR operations as opposed to the fighter role

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In December 1920 the South African National insignia was added to aircraft for the first time. An Orange, Green, Red and Blue roundel was added to an Avro 504K for trial purposes but the colours were found to be unsuitable and were replaced with a Green, Red, Lemon, Yellow and Blue roundel in

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When war broke out on 3 September 1939, the SAAF was ill-prepared, not only for the defence of the Union but also lacking in any capability to provide any tangible support to the Commonwealth. The 1934 Five Year Plan for expansion had not materialised and the SAAF still consisted of only 160

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to lead a delegation in an attempt to acquire American aircraft and pilots for the air corps. The Wright double-wing aircraft initially earmarked for purchase were found to be unsuitable after having been tested in Britain; British aircraft too (being of wooden construction), were considered

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On 30 November the squadron was moved further south to K-13 airfield due to North Korean and Chinese advances. It was again moved even further south after the UN forces lost additional ground to the North Koreans to K-10 airfield situated on the coast close to the town of Chinhae within the

1124:. In recognition of their association with 2 Squadron, the OC of 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing issued a policy directive "that all retreat ceremonies shall be preceded by the introductory bars of the South African national anthem. All personnel will render the honour to this anthem as our own." 410:

having been strafed by German aircraft. This emphasised the urgency for the need of the long-discussed air corps and brought about the establishment of the South African Aviation Corps (SAAC) on 29 January 1915. Although the SAAC had been formally established, the lack of aircraft led

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At the outbreak of war, South Africa had no naval vessels and the UDF's first priority was to ensure the safety of the South African coastal waters as well as the strategically important Cape sea-route. To provide credible maritime patrol operations, the SAAF took over all 29 of

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Impala Mk II (#1037) lost due to 23mm AAA fire. Pilot ejected and was recovered to HAA in Evale, Angola. Aircraft was recovered by Super Frelon and returned to service with same side number. Alouette III (#24) lost due to small arms fire. Pilot escaped, Flight Engineer killed.

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responsible for medium bomber missions to "soften up" the enemy prior to the invasion while 40 Sqn was responsible for tactical photo-reconnaissance. 1 Squadron provided fighter cover for the 3 September 1943 landings while 2 and 4 Squadrons were responsible for bomber escort.

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where improvised bombing missions were added when pilots started dropping hand grenades and rudimentary bombs by hand. On 9 July 1915, the German forces capitulated and most of the pilots and aircraft of the SAAC were sent to Britain in support of the Commonwealth war effort.

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radial engines. Capt. Wallace was recalled from the RFC and oversaw the purchase of the aircraft in France, while Lieutenants Turner and Emmett were recalled to co-ordinate the building of an airfield at Walvis Bay and to prepare for the recruitment of 75 prospective pilots.

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Bleriot biplane, started flying demonstration flights in the Cape and aroused significant public and government interest to the possibilities of powered flight in South Africa. Prompted by the Patterson / Driver displays, General Jan Smuts (Minister of Defence) sent Brig Gen

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order to familiarize themselves with the local operational conditions. On the morning of 19 November 1950, Cmdt Theron and Capt G.B. Lipawsky took off with two USAF pilots to fly the first SAAF combat sorties of the Korean War from K-9 and K-24 airfields at Pyong Yang.

2264:• CAP: Combat air patrol • PR: Photo reconnaissance • CAS: Close air support • C³: Command, control and communications • AFC: Airborne artillery fire control • HAA: Helicopter administration area • AAA: Anti-aircraft artillery • SEAD: Suppression of enemy air defences 456:

Although the SAAC remained active, its activities were limited to ground training at the Cape Town Drill Hall using the two Jeannin Taubes and two damaged (and now no longer air-worthy) B.E.2c's, while the pilots who had been detached to the RFC were grouped to form

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Air support for Operation Reindeer: composed of three main actions; the airborne assault on Cassinga, a mechanised assault on the Chetaquera complex at Chetequera and assault on the Dombondola SWAPO complex. Capt. A. Marais (Buccaneer pilot) awarded

2487:: 32 Flight consisting of 5 Glen Martin Maryland Bombers (Maj D Meaker, Officer Commanding); 36 Flight with 6 Bristol Beaufort Bombers (Maj J Clayton, Officer Commanding); 37 Flight with 1 Maryland and 5 Beauforts (Maj K Jones, Officer Commanding) 2350:

ICBM / satellite launcher was a planned follow-on to the RSA-3 and with an optimised first stage was supposed to have double the payload capacity of the RSA-3. It is not known if the RSA-4 was ever tested. Work on the RSA-4 was cancelled in 1994.

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The South Africans had the distinction of dropping the first and last bombs in the African conflict – the first being on 11 June 1940 on Moyale in Abyssinia and the last being on the Italian 1st Army in Tunisia. The SAAF also produced a number of

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on 22 May 1940. Italy declared war on 10 June 1940 and on the following day, the Ju86's of 12 Squadron lead the first air attack by the SAAF in World War II. During the campaign, numerous SAAF aircraft were involved in air combat with the Italian

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Martin, H.J. (Lt-Gen); Orpen, N.D. (1979). South Africa at War: Military and Industrial Organisation and Operations in connection with the conduct of War: 1939–1945 (South African Forces World War II: Volume VII). Cape Town: Purnell. p. 275.

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to train pilots for the proposed South African Aviation Corps (SAAC). Basic flying training commenced in 1913 with ten students, using a Compton-Paterson biplane and six of the students who completed the basic training were sent to the

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From 1990 with the perceived reduction in threat, SAAF operational strength began to be reduced. The first short term steps entailed the withdrawal of several obsolete aircraft types from service, such as the Canberra B(1)12, the

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during 1943–1945. The last air combat took place on 29 October and the Italian forces surrendered on 27 November 1940 after which a reduced SAAF presence was maintained in East Africa for coastal patrol purposes until May 1943.

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The first winged flight in South Africa is thought to have been made around 1875 by John Goodman Household in a primitive glider in the Karkloof district of Natal. The first powered flight is attributed to the French aviator

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which had been converted from a farm to the first air force aerodrome. No. 1 Flight was established on 26 April 1921, commanded by Lt. J. Holthouse and was joined by a second flight in 1922 with these two flights forming

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as interim aircraft and also provided three RFC pilots. Eventually, only two B.E.2c's and six Henri Farmans were delivered, with the last aircraft arriving in the Union on 15 May 1915. In addition, the SAAC received two

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Air support to ground force operation to prevent SWAPO infiltration into South West Africa through the Kaokoveld from a location near the abandoned Portuguese town of Iona. Capt N. Ellis and F/Sgt S. Coetzee awarded

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with an estimated yield of 10–18 kilotons designed for delivery by Buccaneer or Canberra aircraft. In parallel, South Africa initiated a ballistic missile programme to develop an improved delivery system. The

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and a number of South African pilots flew with the squadron, amongst them Kennith van der Spuy who was to become Director-General of Technical Services in the Union Defence Forces from 1940 to 1945 as well as

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Africa, landing in Mombasa on 31 January 1916. The eight aircraft had been shipped in wooden crates and were re-assembled in Mombasa and then flown to a forward airfield prepared inside German East Africa at

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Not all of the aircraft which had been received were assembled immediately and two of the Avro 504K's were sold to the South African Aerial Transport Company. The assembled aircraft were moved to a site at

5069: 645:' passenger aircraft: eighteen Junkers JU-86Z-l's to be used in the maritime patrol role and eleven Junkers Ju 52's for transport purposes. SAAF maritime patrols commenced on 21 September 1939 with 5074: 5064: 1029: 5059: 4891: 2325:

During the bush war period, South Africa manufactured six air-deliverable tactical nuclear weapons of the "gun-type" design between 1978 and 1993. Each of the devices contained 55 kilograms of

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and provided air support to South African and Allied forces in the ground war. By December 1940, ten SAAF squadrons plus 34 Flight, with a total of 94 aircraft were operational in East Africa (

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on the Indian Ocean coast of Tanzania, with an additional eleven Beauforts and six Marylands to provide ongoing reconnaissance and close air support for the planned operation – to be known as

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helicopters, the Kudu light aircraft and the P-166s Albatross coastal patrol aircraft. Other initial measures included the downgrading of Air Force Base Port Elizabeth and the disbanding of

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On conclusion of the First World War, the British Government donated surplus aircraft plus spares and sufficient equipment to provide the nucleus of a fledgling air force to each of its

314:, and varied peacekeeping operations since 1994. Its battle honours include German South West Africa 1914–15, German East Africa 1915–1918, East Africa: 1939–1941, Middle East: 1941–43, 1651:

for Impala night attack on enemy positions threatening SADF stopper group on evening preceding commencement of Operation Protea. Alouette III (#48) lost to 14.5mm AAA. Crew killed.

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During the bush war, the SAAF lost a total of 22 aircraft (1974–1989) to enemy action. A further 11 aircraft were lost in the operational area due to pilot error or malfunction.

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for the Union economy. In 1934 a five-year expansion plan was announced whereby the Union Defence Forces (UDF) were to receive increased funding and were to be markedly expanded.

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1971 with each platoon consisting of one Acquisition and Co-ordination Unit (ACU) and two or three firing units, with a battery having two platoons. All

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air forces by the beginning of 1942. Between April 1941 and May 1943, the eleven SAAF squadrons flew 33 991 sorties and destroyed 342 enemy aircraft.

1160:, which was fighting to end South African rule of South West Africa). Operations intensified after the defence force took charge of the war in 1974. 4388: 4249: 4974: 4471: 4403: 2093:. SAAF flew 310 night flying hours transporting UNITA troops in support of ground operations in support of defence of UNITA headquarters at Jamba. 792:

in early 1942. The SAAF bombers were also instrumental in continually harassing the German forces retreating towards the Tunisian border after the

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Gabuze House: planning office for "Transvaal Urban Machinery"; September House: ANC planning centre; Logistics HQ; "Main Camp" training area.

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Illsley, John William. In Southern Skies A Pictorial History of Early Aviation in Southern Africa 1816–1940, Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2003

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Eagles Strike: The Campaigns of the South African Air Force in Egypt, Cyrenaica, Libya, Tunisia, Tripolitania and Madagascar: 1941–1943

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unsuitable for the hot and dry conditions of German West Africa. It was finally decided to purchase twelve tubular steel framed French

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being a modified Jericho II second stage used alone for mobile application. A third stage apogee kick motor was added to produce the

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mount air attacks on Allied forces before they could be re-enforced. These deployments prompted Allied action and on 13 May 1940,

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action, one killed in an accident and one succumbing to disease. Seven aircraft were lost, only one as a result of enemy action.

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the SAAF led to two pilot losses, two wounded and two aircraft lost to ground fire. The SAAF was again deployed to suppress the

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Urgent remedial measures were implemented; The lack of combat ready pilots was greatly alleviated by the establishment of the

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SAAF operations supporting Operation Askari aimed at disrupting logistical support and command & control capabilities of

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detachment which landed in Murmansk in June 1918 and a second expeditionary force with further air assets arrived in 1919. A

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was renamed "Chief of the Air Force" in 1966). It adopted a blue uniform, to replace the army khaki it had previously worn.

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SAAF Beaufighters of 19 Sqn (Balkan Air Force) attacking German-occupied buildings in Zuzemberk, Yugoslavia in Spring 1945

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1x Mirage F1AZ, 1x Mirage III R2Z, 1x Canberra, 5x Impala Mk. II, 1x Bosbok, 1x Cessna-185, 4x Puma, 5x Alouette, 3x RPV.

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Due to a lack of steel tube in France, delivery of the Henri Farmans was delayed and the British government offered four

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pilots were sent to Cairo to take delivery of 18 Gloster Gladiators and to fly them south, to Kenya for operations in

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Oberholzer, Hannes. Pioneers of Early Aviation in South Africa, Memoirs van die Nasionale Museum, Memoir No 7, 1974

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was developed as a prototype intermediate range delivery system very similar to, or a licensed copy of the Israeli

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December 1921. These colours remained until 1927 when they were replaced with the Orange, White and Blue roundels.

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After the first multi-racial elections were held in 1994, the SAAF became an integrated air force as part of the

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imposed against the then-apartheid government of South Africa, meant that the SAAF was unable to procure modern

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The first two years of war: The development of the Union Defence Forces (UDF) September 1939 to September 1941

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Air operations in support of ground attacks on SWAPO regional headquarters at Chitequeta in Southern Angola.

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The first operational deployment of the newly formed Air Force was to quell internal dissent, when in 1922 a

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De Havilland/Airco DH.9: 49 of these aircraft were donated to South Africa as part of the Imperial Gift

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for elementary navigation training. Electrical engineer and wireless operator training was done using

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Four formations of aircraft from Grootfontein and Ondangwa. 4x Buccaneer, Mirage F1s and 1x Canberra.

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Turner, Leonard Charles Frederick; Gordon-Cummings, H.R; Betzler, J.E. (1961). Turner L.C.F. (ed.).

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A Gathering of Eagles: The campaigns of the South African Air Force in Italian East Africa 1940–1941

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Mid-level bombing attacks on bases in Angola at Oshiheng near Ongiva and Palele close to Xangongo.

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and surrounding states. At first, it provided limited air support to police operations against the

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Lord, Dick (2000). Vlamgat: The Story of the Mirage F1 in the South African Air Force. Covos-Day.

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equipped with Hawker Hartbees followed to Nairobi on 19 May 1940 and were joined by the Ju86's of

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SAAF elements in the Western Desert Air Force as at 26 May 1942: (A.) Assigned to air HQ: (A.1.)

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South African airmen took part in aerial reconnaissance and artillery spotting missions over the

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reached an agreement to establish a flying school at Alexandersfontein in Kimberley, known as

4924: 3449: 3191: 2744: 1587:

Strike and CAS: 12x F1AZ, 8x F1CZ, 7x IIICZ, 6x IIID2Z, 16x Impala, 5x Buccaneer, 5x Canberra

918: 642: 527:

who was to become the Chief of Staff of the Union Defence Force during the Second World War.

373: 355: 109: 3151: 3144: 2347: 2343: 616:

The Hawker Hartbeest: one of the most common early World War II fighter aircraft of the SAAF

4351: 3232:

Fighters over the Desert: The Air Battles in the Western Desert: June 1940 to December 1942

2605:"1910 to 1920 - Early Flying in South Africa | South African Power Flying Association" 2537: 2459: 902: 650: 381: 315: 99: 2278:

From the early 1960s, the South African Air Force was also responsible for command of all

8: 3616: 3472: 3338: 2541: 2037: 1786: 1648: 1456: 986:

France (1944): A detachment took part in the Franco-American invasion of southern France.

593: 552: 524: 515: 458: 351: 2532:

were used for photographic reconnaissance training. Glider training was conducted using

1477:

Mirage III R2Z (#856) lost due to AAA, pilot ejected and was recovered to AFB Ondangwa.

1079:

On completion of conversion training, the squadron was deployed as one of the four USAF

649:

flying three JU-86Z's from Walvis Bay. By 1940, the JU-86s were replaced by Anson's and

2291: 2290:

for a mobile, all-weather, low-altitude SAM system after a South African order for the

1556: 1314: 1309: 979:

Greece (1944): 2 Wing supported British operations to liberate Greece and suppress the

935: 850: 820: 503: 186: 169: 119: 4886: 4881: 4871: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4760: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4041: 3908: 3826: 3785: 3761: 3624: 3342: 3311: 3235: 3210: 3155: 3102: 2863: 2811: 2711: 2335: 2300: 2296: 2116: 1970: 1529: 1508: 1183: 1149: 1121: 724: 343: 3506: 2808:

Urgent Imperial Service: South African Forces in German South West Africa: 1914–1919

1071: 330: 4750: 4745: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 2484: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2326: 2208: 2149: 1947: 1929: 1576: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1205: 1197: 1061: 955: 931: 906: 898: 832: 828: 797: 789: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 719: 715: 678: 674: 670: 662: 658: 646: 600: 303: 2396:

Gerard Wallace, Gordon Creed, Edwin Emmett, Basil Turner and Kennith van der Spey.

875:

Five SAAF squadrons were designated to support the July 1943 invasion of Sicily –

4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4411: 3779: 3280: 3030: 2509: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2213: 2154: 2121: 1731: 1659: 1581: 1187: 1113: 1007: 980: 948:(1943–44): 7 Wing supported partisan operations against German occupation forces. 930:(1943–45): Two squadrons patrolled convoy routes off West Africa and Gibraltar. ( 894: 890: 886: 881: 876: 736: 732: 728: 707: 654: 629: 577: 295: 129: 3536: 3331: 2931: 1498:

Operations Placid I and II: 21 – 24 Aug 1979: Bombing of ZIPRA camps in Zambia.

4529: 3889: 3846: 2529: 2197: 1040: 973: 588: 519: 483: 299: 124: 4332: 1822:

1x Puma (#132) lost due to AAA, killing flight crew of 3 and 12 paratroopers.

1196:

The SAAF was also heavily involved in the 1987–88 Angola campaign, before the

779: 5108: 3680: 3402: 3366: 2775: 2664: 2517: 2512:. Navigation, air Observer and bombing training was conducted using Oxfords, 2442:: Fighter/Recon (Amiriya with one detachment at Kufra), Blenheim IVF. (A.2.) 2359: 2239: 2226: 2180: 2167: 2065: 2052: 1992: 1978: 1896: 1882: 1760: 1746: 1699: 1685: 1619: 1605: 1500:

Operations Motel I and II: Aug 1979: Strikes on camps SW of Solwezi, Zambia.

1430: 1416: 1390: 1376: 1350: 1336: 1225: 796:

whilst the South African fighters of 223 Wing contributed towards the Allied

572: 548: 544: 511: 3315: 2733:"They Mounted up as Eagles (A brief tribute to the South African Air Force)" 2732: 1496:

Operation Vanity: 25–26 Feb 1979 – bombing of ZIPRA camps in eastern Angola.

2860:

They Fought for King and Kaiser: South Africans in German East Africa: 1916

2462:

Light Bomber (Baheira) Baltimore I. (C.) No. 223 Wing RAF (Gambut). (C.1.)

1221: 1018: 824: 568: 433: 416: 4343: 4337:

SAAF History World War 1 South African Air Force 1912–1934 Old War Footage

4222: 4192: 3905:

From Fledgling to Eagle: The South African Air Force during the Border War

3747: 3346: 1208:

to compete with the sophisticated Soviet-supplied air defence network and

1095:

In January 1953 the squadron returned to Japan for conversion to the USAF

2533: 2505: 2501: 2346:

space launcher with a 1,900 km range and 1,500 kg payload. The

2287: 1540:

Air operations in support of initial raid on SWAPO base in South Angola (

1268:

Major South African Air Force operations during the Border War: 1978–1988

1109: 1100:

2,032 sorties in the Sabres losing four out of the 22 aircraft supplied.

1030:

List of British Commonwealth Air Training Plan facilities in South Africa

801: 406: 2571:

3x Impala, 1x Mirage F1AZ, 2x Puma, 1x Kudu, 3x Alouette, 1x Cessna-185.

2483:

These three Maritime Reconnaissance Flights were later combined to form

1060:

and included many World War II SAAF veterans. The squadron was moved to

897:

Squadrons provided fighter bomber support during the Sicilian campaign.

398: 4520: 3592:

Yellow Wings: The Story of the Joint Air Training Scheme in World War 2

3305: 2521: 2513: 2418: 2414: 1052: 945: 475: 411: 377: 319: 307: 104: 3146:

A Time for Courage: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939–1945

2900: 783:

Douglas Boston of 24 Squadron SAAF at Zuara, Tripolitania, Libya, 1943

697:

Ju86 similar to that flown by the SAAF in a bomber role in East Africa

2450:: Recon (Sidi Barrani) Marylands. (B.) 3 Wing SAAF (Baheira): (B.1.) 1190: 1080: 478:

shooting down five or more enemy aircraft, with the most successful,

2013:. First effective use of Scout RPV system to locate SA-8 batteries. 2406: 939: 927: 1548:). First clashes between SADF and Angolan Defence Forces (FAPLA). 1491:

Strike: Canberras from SAAF 12 Sqn with Rhodesian 5 Sqn Canberras

905:

during the campaign) provided light bomber support from Malta and

4997: 2283: 2090: 1014: 963: 959: 951: 463: 2311: 2286:. In July 1964, South Africa placed a development contract with 612: 23: 1172: 1164: 1136: 1064:

near Tokyo on 25 September 1950 for conversion training on the

969: 562:

The trial roundel used between December 1920 and December 1921.

441: 5040:

List of obsolete weapon systems of the South African Air Force

989:

Strategic and tactical reconnaissance in Mediterranean theatre

535: 2417:'s (one of which was donated by the City of Birmingham); 10x 1966: 1216:

use MiG engines which were easily obtained in either region.

1163:

The SAAF provided air support to the army during the 1975–76

1157: 845: 547:. As part of this donation, which was to become known as the 4108:

Crotale/Shahine/R440, R460, VT-1 (France), Defensive weapons

3371:

The South African Air Force in the Madagascar Campaign, 1942

2708:

On Wings of Eagles: South Africa's Military Aviation History

1736:

Kaokoveld, South West Africa and Angolan province of Namibe

685:

and had flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties by August 1945.

2082: 1969:'s military wing) to suppress a large-scale incursion into 1209: 2710:(1 ed.). Durban: Walker-Ramus Trading Co. p. 9. 993: 385:

aviators to be seconded to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC).

5093: 3926: 3924: 1593:

Tactical Transport: 17x Puma, 2x Super Frelon, 8 x Kudu

1039:

Although no SAAF aircraft participated in the 1948–1949

4330: 3031:"South African Military History Journal: Vol. 11 No. 5" 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2200:

SAM. Pilot (Major Edward Richard Every: 1 Sqn) killed.

1171:

that were carried out against PLAN bases in Angola and

3403:"South African Military History Journal Vol. 10 No. 3" 2303:

until the retirement of the system in the late 1980s.

2282:

forces as part of the air defence of South Africa and

1322:

Para extraction and support: 14x Puma, 6x Super Frelon

5019:

List of weapon systems of the South African Air Force

3921: 3394: 3367:"South African Military History Journal Vol. 9 No. 2" 3281:"South African Military History Journal Vol. 1 No. 2" 2081:

Air logistic support to UNITA against a coalition of

879:

operated combat air patrols over the beaches for the

3263: 3009: 2857: 4063: 3685:

The South African Air Force in Korea: An Assessment

3681:"Military History Journal – Vol 6 No 3 – June 1984" 3360: 3358: 3356: 3310:. Oxford University Press, Cape Town. p. 132. 2299:air defence batteries were placed under command of 3330: 3143: 2893:"Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation" 2805: 2776:"Military History Journal Vol 12 No 3 – June 2002" 2500:while Service Flying training was conducted using 2446:: Recon (El Adem), Hurricane I / Tomahawk. (A.3.) 2087:People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola 1112:– the highest award to non-American nationals – 3 774: 325: 1144:From 1966 to 1989, the SAAF was committed to the 866: 496:civil war in Eastern Europe between 1917 and 1920 486:'s fourth most successful ace with 54 victories. 5106: 4250:"Sentinel Security Assessment – Southern Africa" 4054: 3407:South Africa and the War against Japan 1941–1945 3353: 3229: 2739:(6). The South African Military History Society. 2306: 4080: 4078: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3585: 3583: 3581: 2454:: Light Bomber (Baheira), Boston III's; (B.2.) 1595:Para-drop and Logistics: 7x Dakota, 3x C130/160 1470:Muongo, Oncua, Henhombe and Heque in SE Angola 653:had been established, eventually consisting of 596:at Kalkfontein between 29 May and 3 July 1922. 5130:History of organisations based in South Africa 3400: 3028: 2496:Elementary pilot training was conducted using 2458:: Light Bomber (Baheira), Baltimore I; (B.3.) 1673:Army Support: 9x Puma, 2x Frelon, 10x Alouette 369:Paterson's Aviation Syndicate School of Flying 334:Replica of the Patterson No. 2 Biplane at the 318:, Italy 1943–1945, the Balkans 1943–1945, and 4359: 4244: 4242: 4240: 3907:. Johannesburg: 30° South. pp. 167–168. 3777: 3364: 3067: 2833: 402:Farman aircraft purchased from France in 1914 268: 5014:List of current and historical SAAF aircraft 4096: 4075: 3719:"saairforce.co.za (Unofficial SAAF Website)" 3687:. The South African Military History Society 3663: 3578: 3490: 3426: 3424: 3337:. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. p. 3037:. The South African Military History Society 2321:South Africa and weapons of mass destruction 2273: 494:A number of South Africans took part in the 4373: 4002: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3278: 3119: 3117: 3115: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2679: 2621:1910 to 1920 – Early Flying in South Africa 1200:that ended the conflict. The international 440:to German West Africa by British Forces in 393: 380:in Great Britain for further training. Lt. 4366: 4352: 4237: 3272: 3076:"The South African Air Force (Unofficial)" 1675:Air Transport: 4x DC3, 6x C130/160, 1x DC4 972:(1944): 2 Wing air-supplied Warsaw during 954:(1944–45): Some squadrons served with the 275: 261: 5070:South African Air Force in the Korean War 4294: 4268: 3594:. Pretoria: The SAAF Museum. p. 102. 3521: 3421: 3328: 3299: 3223: 2773: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2690:. Cape Town: Purnell and Sons. p. 1. 2590: 2588: 571:, three kilometres east of what was then 436:monoplanes which had been captured while 3839: 3699: 3409:. South African Military History Society 3373:. South African Military History Society 3287:. South African Military History Society 3230:Shores, Christopher; Ring, Hans (1969). 3141: 3126: 3112: 3058: 3049: 3000: 2991: 2977: 2961: 2952: 2915: 2876: 2842: 2824: 2794: 2782:. South African Military History Society 2769: 2767: 2358: 2310: 2131:CAS and Strike missions: F1AZ, Buccaneer 1459:for action in support of ground forces. 1135: 1103:The war ended on 27 July 1953, when the 1070: 917: 778: 692: 611: 557: 534: 474:during the war. Forty six pilots became 397: 329: 48:of all important aspects of the article. 5075:South African Air Force in the Bush War 5065:South African Air Force in World War II 3820: 3814: 3746:. Department of Defense. Archived from 3736: 3477:No. 4 Squadron (SAAF): Second World War 3464: 2851: 2780:The South African Aviation Corps (SAAC) 2315:RSA-3 ballistic missile delivery system 1259: 1256:at AFB Swartkop – were also disbanded. 5107: 5060:South African Air Force in World War I 5035:History of the South African Air Force 3825:. Johannesburg: Ashanti. p. 127. 3589: 3566:. South African Air Force (Unofficial) 3470: 3285:South African Air Aces of World War II 3215:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2885: 2705: 2694: 2661:History of the South African Air Force 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2585: 2470:: Fighter (Gambut), Tomahawks. (C.3.) 2466:: Fighter (Gambut), Tomahawks. (C.2.) 1789:for close air support to army forces. 1328:C³: 1x Cessna-185, 1x DC-4 (EW/ELINT) 1140:Mirage III of 2 Sqn as flown in 1980's 994:Commonwealth Joint Air Training Scheme 44:Please consider expanding the lead to 4347: 3984: 3598: 3442: 3308:War in the Southern Oceans: 1939–1945 2764: 2685: 1865:Suburb of Matola, Maputo. Mozambique 451: 4598:Disbanded air and training squadrons 4069: 4035: 3902: 2862:. Rivonia: Ashanti. pp. 63–64. 2629: 2627: 2369:South African National Defence Force 1589:PR: 1x Canberra, 3x IIIRZ, 2x Impala 17: 4132: 3784:. South Africa: Zebra. p. 99. 3716: 3643: 3557: 3073: 2636: 1513:Mulola and Ondova, Southern Angola 1154:People's Liberation Army of Namibia 1002:was a major programme for training 800:attaining air superiority over the 530: 13: 5080:SAAF squadron identification codes 4505:Test Flight and Development Centre 3496: 3268:. Cape Town: Purnell. p. 382. 2946:"World War I Aces of South Africa" 2528:and Ansons – while DH Dragons and 2127:Army Support: Alouette IIIs, Pumas 635: 14: 5146: 4324: 4160:"Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)" 3811:Drawn from SAAF official website. 3678: 3535:. Royal Air Force. Archived from 2810:. Rivonai: Ashanti. p. 269. 2624: 1954:Cuvelai, Cunene province, Angola 1324:Strike: 6x Canberra, 4x Buccaneer 1034: 913: 500:North Russian Expeditionary Force 354:. In June 1911 the South African 5135:Aviation history of South Africa 5120:Military history of South Africa 5055:Military history of South Africa 5045:South African Air Force Memorial 4394:Sergeants Major of the Air Force 4164:Nuclear Disarmament South Africa 4040:. Irene: Corporal. p. 261. 3847:"S A Security Forces: 1966–1994" 3744:"South Africa in the Korean War" 3650:Berlin Airlift Exhibition Opened 2730: 2474:: Fighter (Gambut), Kittyhawk I. 2429:'s (donated by Maj. Miller Tour) 1973:planned for early of 1984. Area: 1075:2 Squadron F51 Mustangs in Korea 489: 22: 4796:Disbanded air defence squadrons 4510:South African Air Force College 4280:Gripen won't fly required hours 4207: 4177: 4152: 4126: 4087: 4029: 4020: 4011: 3993: 3987:Historical Dictionary of Angola 3978: 3969: 3960: 3951: 3942: 3933: 3896: 3882: 3873: 3864: 3805: 3771: 3754: 3637: 3551: 3433: 3385: 3365:Clayton, J.A. (December 1992). 3322: 3257: 3248: 3234:. New York: Arco. p. 219. 3177: 3168: 3150:. New York: Macmillan. p. 3135: 3094: 2938: 2932:"World War I Aces by Victories" 2924: 2565: 2556: 2547: 2490: 2477: 2432: 2399: 1148:, which was fought in northern 775:Western Desert and North Africa 607: 518:was commanded by South African 326:Origins and first flying school 36:may be too short to adequately 5050:South African Air Force Museum 4472:Training and development units 2724: 2597: 2390: 1068:supplied by the US Air Force. 867:Sicilian and Italian campaigns 788:back towards Egypt during the 688: 555:as the Director Air Services. 388: 336:South African Air Force Museum 46:provide an accessible overview 1: 4776:86 Multi-Engine Flying School 4331:Imperial War Museum footage. 3615:. Federal Research Division, 3613:South Africa: a country study 3264:Brown, James Ambrose (1974). 2858:Brown, James Ambrose (1991). 2686:Brown, James Ambrose (1970). 2427:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2e 2411:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a 2378: 2354: 2307:Nuclear and ballistic weapons 1320:Para-drop: 4x C-130, 5x C-160 1131: 1046: 838: 810:Rudolf Sinner, II/JG27, 1942. 4306:Combat pilots – secret's out 3401:Wessels, Andre (June 1996). 3029:Wessels, Andre (June 2000). 1664:Chitequeta, southern Angola 1118:Distinguished Flying Crosses 958:in operations over Hungary, 7: 4781:88 Maritime Training School 4495:87 Helicopter Flying School 4215:"Encyclopedia Astronautica" 4185:"Encyclopedia Astronautica" 4038:From Tailhooker to Mudmover 3499:"IMG (IPMS SA Media Group)" 3329:Churchill, Winston (1950). 2196:Mirage F1AZ (#245) lost to 1248:. Two Commando squadrons – 220:South African Defence Force 10: 5151: 4104:"Jane's Information Group" 3590:Becker, Capt Dave (1989). 2318: 1488:Eastern Angola and Zambia 1167:campaign, and in the many 1105:Korean Armistice Agreement 1027: 942:, Gold Coast, West Africa) 819:in the process, including 5088: 5027: 5006: 4973: 4910: 4857: 4794: 4596: 4538: 4518: 4470: 4402: 4381: 3985:James, W. Martin (2004). 3279:Tidy, D. P. (June 1968). 2657:"South African Air Force" 2274:Missile based air defence 2258: 2044:C130, C-160, L-100, DC-3 1485:Vanity, Placid and Motel 1266: 1000:Joint Air Training Scheme 872:performed in the desert. 626:Joint Air Training Scheme 4485:80 Air Navigation School 4084:Lord (2008), pp. 499–500 3560:"The Airforce Squadrons" 2129:CAP and PR escort: F1CZs 1868:Strike: 12x Impala Mk II 1213:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23s 1081:18th Fighter-Bomber Wing 480:Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor 394:German South West Africa 312:South African Border War 5115:South African Air Force 4983:Roodewaal Bombing Range 4786:89 Combat Flying School 4490:85 Combat Flying School 4389:Chiefs of the Air Force 4375:South African Air Force 4256:. Jane's Defence Review 4254:Air Force: South Africa 3930:Bagshaw (1990), pp. 258 3821:Bagshaw, Peter (1990). 3606:"5 – National Security" 3142:Terraine, John (1985). 2806:L'Ange, Gerald (1991). 2423:Overseas Club of London 2240:15.158299°S 19.224598°E 1897:25.932112°S 32.465235°E 1761:17.350638°S 12.441811°E 1597:AFC and C³: 11x Bosbok 1351:15.117778°S 16.086389°E 1252:at AFB Bloemspruit and 1169:cross-border operations 1051:At the outbreak of the 1004:South African Air Force 508:Royal Naval Air Service 346:on 28 December 1909 at 291:South African Air Force 4093:Lord (2008) pp.499–500 4008:Lord (2008) pp.396–403 3778:Hilton Hamann (2001). 2897:No 26 Squadron History 2839:L'Ange (1991), pp. 273 2752:Cite journal requires 2364: 2316: 2280:Surface-to-air missile 1870:PR and C³: 1x Canberra 1677:AFC and C³: 9x Bosbok 1667:CAP and Strike: 20x F1 1156:(the military wing of 1141: 1076: 923: 784: 698: 617: 563: 540: 403: 338: 160:National Defence Force 4988:Ditholo Training Area 4500:Central Flying School 3430:Becker (1991), p/ 125 3391:Turner (1961), pp.133 3254:Shores (1969), p. 233 3174:Becker (1991), pp. 75 2997:Becker (1991), pp. 27 2988:Becker (1991), pp. 29 2974:Becker (1991), pp. 25 2958:Becker (1991), pp. 21 2921:Becker (1991), pp. 19 2882:Becker (1991), pp. 17 2848:Becker (1991), pp. 15 2830:Becker (1991), pp. 13 2706:Becker, Dave (1991). 2538:Slingsby Kirby Cadets 2363:A SAAF Gripen in 2007 2362: 2314: 2245:-15.158299; 19.224598 2066:17.45583°S 22.61306°E 1993:15.20000°S 16.43333°E 1902:-25.932112; 32.465235 1874:SEAD: 2x Mirage F1AZ 1766:-17.350638; 12.441811 1591:CAS: 19x Alouette III 1356:-15.117778; 16.086389 1139: 1074: 1028:Further information: 921: 782: 701:In December 1939 the 696: 643:South African Airways 615: 594:Bondelzwart Rebellion 561: 538: 419:aircraft, powered by 401: 374:Central Flying School 333: 4998:Vastrap Weapons Area 4139:Cactus (Crotale) SAM 3957:Lord (2008), pp. 272 3781:Days of the Generals 3529:"Historic Squadrons" 3452:. GlobalSecurity.org 3439:Becker (1991) pp.125 3197:on 21 September 2013 3132:Becker (1991), pp 71 3123:Becker (1991), pp 67 3064:Becker (1991), pp.57 3055:Becker (1991), pp.55 3006:Becker (1991), pp.33 2146:Nov 1987 – Mar 1988 2034:11 Sep – 8 Oct 1985 1944:Nov 1983 – Jan 1984 1509:Sceptic / Smokeshell 1260:Major air operations 1023:Training Air Schools 903:No. 223 Squadron RAF 651:Coastal Command SAAF 382:Kenneth van der Spuy 4036:Lord, Dick (2003). 3999:Lord (2008), pp.352 3975:Lord (2008), pp.250 3966:Lord (2008), pp.269 3903:Lord, Dick (2008). 3851:Military Operations 3823:Warriors of the Sky 3750:on 1 November 2006. 3723:The Airforce: Korea 3617:Library of Congress 2421:'s (donated by the 2236: / 2177: / 2071:-17.45583; 22.61306 2062: / 1998:-15.20000; 16.43333 1988: / 1892: / 1872:CAP: 2x Mirage F1AZ 1756: / 1700:16.7923°S 17.9315°E 1695: / 1643:Capt. R.C.M. Lewer 1620:16.7491°S 14.9745°E 1615: / 1426: / 1391:17.1287°S 14.8938°E 1386: / 1346: / 1175:from 1977 onwards. 553:Pierre van Ryneveld 525:Pierre van Ryneveld 516:No. 47 Squadron RAF 514:equipped flight of 459:No. 26 Squadron RFC 365:Union Defence Force 352:Voisin 1907 biplane 215:Union Defence Force 95:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars 78:Military history of 5092:Official website: 4965:AFS Port Elizabeth 4135:"saairforce.co.za" 4114:on 27 January 2013 4060:Lord (2008) pp.498 3939:Lord (2008) pp.496 3879:Lord (2008) pp.495 3870:Lord (2008) pp.493 3646:"saairforce.co.za" 3082:. saairforce.co.za 2365: 2317: 2089:(FAPLA) troops at 1431:17.333°S 14.8334°E 1285:Location / Country 1193:in 1981 and 1982. 1186:were shot down by 1142: 1077: 936:Vickers Wellington 924: 851:Operation Ironclad 817:SAAF WWII air aces 785: 699: 618: 564: 541: 504:Royal Flying Corps 452:German East Africa 404: 339: 115:South African Wars 5125:Air force history 5102: 5101: 4859:Wings of the SAAF 4540:Reserve squadrons 4026:Lord (2008) p.416 4017:Lord (2008) p.405 3948:Lord (2008) p.188 3914:978-1-920143-30-5 3832:978-1-874800-11-8 3539:on 18 August 2017 3333:The Hinge of Fate 3241:978-0-668-02070-1 2731:Tidy, Major D.P. 2611:on 20 August 2015 2419:De Havilland DH.4 2415:De Havilland DH.9 2284:South West Africa 2268: 2267: 2263: 2252: 2193: 2135:AFC: Bosbok, RPV 2078: 1971:South West Africa 1917: 1781: 1720: 1705:-16.7923; 17.9315 1646: 1640: 1625:-16.7491; 14.9745 1553:19 December 1980 1451: 1396:-17.1287; 14.8938 1290:Aircraft and Role 1254:114 Squadron SAAF 1250:103 Squadron SAAF 1184:Angolan Air Force 1150:South West Africa 1059: 811: 794:Battle of Alamein 725:Regia Aeronautica 520:Capt. Sam Kinkead 417:Henri Farman F-27 344:Albert Kimmerling 285: 284: 206:Historical forces 110:Ndwandwe–Zulu War 63: 62: 5142: 4935:AFB Langebaanweg 4404:Active squadrons 4368: 4361: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4246: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4225:on 19 March 2002 4221:. Archived from 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4191:. Archived from 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4110:. Archived from 4100: 4094: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3958: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3919: 3918: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3775: 3769: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3714: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3676: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3619:. 1997. p. 3610: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3505:. Archived from 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3473:"History of War" 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3362: 3351: 3350: 3336: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3214: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3196: 3190:. Archived from 3189: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3149: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3110: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3026: 3007: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2975: 2972: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2903:on 18 March 2012 2899:. Archived from 2889: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2803: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2771: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2750: 2748: 2740: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2703: 2692: 2691: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2663:. 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Archived from 2601: 2595: 2592: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2520:and Tiger Moth, 2494: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2436: 2430: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2259: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2221: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2162: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2047: 2021:Second Congress 2012: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1877: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1741: 1719: 1718: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1680: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1600: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1436:-17.333; 14.8334 1432: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1331: 1295:Area Coordinates 1264: 1263: 1206:fighter aircraft 1198:peace settlement 1114:Legions of Merit 1062:Johnson Air Base 1057: 956:Balkan Air Force 932:26 Squadron SAAF 833:Marmaduke Pattle 829:Gerald Stapleton 809: 798:Desert Air Force 628:(JATS) to train 601:Great Depression 531:Inter-war period 304:Second World War 277: 270: 263: 192:Medical Services 140:Second World War 65: 64: 58: 55: 49: 26: 18: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5084: 5023: 5002: 4969: 4920:AFB Bloemspruit 4906: 4853: 4790: 4592: 4534: 4514: 4466: 4398: 4377: 4372: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4247: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4133:Wingrin, Dean. 4131: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4048: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3901: 3897: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3776: 3772: 3759: 3755: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3717:Wingrin, Dean. 3715: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3677: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3644:Wingrin, Dean. 3642: 3638: 3631: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3588: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3558:Wingrin, Dean. 3556: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3509:on 2 April 2012 3497:Dyason, Anton. 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3363: 3354: 3327: 3323: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3277: 3273: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3228: 3224: 3208: 3207: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3185:"Archived copy" 3183: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3113: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3074:Wingrin, Dean. 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3027: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2978: 2973: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2804: 2795: 2785: 2783: 2772: 2765: 2753: 2751: 2742: 2741: 2729: 2725: 2718: 2704: 2695: 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2655: 2654: 2637: 2632: 2625: 2614: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2586: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2495: 2491: 2482: 2478: 2437: 2433: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2357: 2323: 2309: 2276: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2222: 2214:Cuito Cuanavale 2205:Mar – May 1988 2185: 2183: 2181:15.10°S 19.10°E 2179: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2155:Cuito Cuanavale 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2122:Cuito Cuanavale 2113:Jun – Nov 1987 2070: 2068: 2064: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1742: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1671:CAS: 15x Impala 1670: 1668: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1582:Cunene province 1573:Aug – Sep 1981 1499: 1497: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1262: 1188:3 Squadron SAAF 1134: 1090:Pusan Perimeter 1049: 1037: 1032: 1008:Royal Air Force 996: 974:Warsaw Uprising 916: 885:landings while 882:Operation Husky 869: 841: 790:"Gazala Gallop" 777: 691: 638: 636:Coastal defence 630:Royal Air Force 610: 573:Roberts Heights 533: 492: 454: 396: 391: 328: 316:Madagascar 1942 296:First World War 289:History of the 281: 252: 248:Military chiefs 224: 201: 154: 135:First World War 130:Second Boer War 100:Napoleonic Wars 79: 59: 53: 50: 43: 31:This article's 27: 12: 11: 5: 5148: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4979: 4977: 4975:Training areas 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4962: 4960:AFB Ysterplaat 4957: 4955:AFB Waterkloof 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4930:AFB Hoedspruit 4927: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4800: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 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3008: 2999: 2990: 2976: 2960: 2951: 2937: 2923: 2914: 2884: 2875: 2868: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2816: 2793: 2774:Mahncke, J.E. 2763: 2754:|journal= 2723: 2716: 2693: 2678: 2635: 2623: 2596: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2564: 2555: 2546: 2518:Fairey Battles 2489: 2476: 2431: 2398: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2356: 2353: 2319:Main article: 2308: 2305: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2219: 2217: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2194: 2160: 2158: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2125: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2079: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1875: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1790: 1782: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1721: 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147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 125:First Boer War 122: 120:Anglo–Zulu War 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 91: 88: 87: 83: 82: 74: 73: 61: 60: 40:the key points 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5147: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5095: 5094:www.af.mil.za 5091: 5090: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5005: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 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News24 4282:. 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History of the South African Air Force

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