72:
216:
293:
56:
247:
form a semicircular shape around the Hodh/Aoukar
Depression, which, prior to 4000 BCE, was an area with lakes of considerable size, and, after 1000 BCE, was an area that had become increasingly dried. During the emergence of the Tichitt Tradition, it was an oasis area. The
767:
493:
MacDonald, Kevin C.; Vernet, Robert; Martinón-Torres, Marcos; Fuller, Dorian Q. (April 2009). "Dhar Néma: from early agriculture to metallurgy in southeastern
Mauritania".
943:
394:
Travels and
Discoveries in North and Central Africa, being a Journal of an Expedition undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855
1232:
415:
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1207:
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1089:
753:
740:
268:
593:
71:
554:
1537:
537:
1099:
1527:
1542:
453:
1320:
603:
271:. The transfer was still resented upon Mali's independence. Formerly more fertile, it is now largely a barren waste.
1557:
1517:
722:
621:"Diversification, Intensification and Specialization: Changing Land Use in Western Africa from 1800 BC to AD 1500"
1547:
1532:
1522:
697:
595:
Early domesticated pearl millet in Dhar Nema (Mauritania): evidence of crop processing waste as ceramic temper
55:
1552:
913:
1290:
555:"Coping with uncertainty: Neolithic life in the Dhar Tichitt-Walata, Mauritania, (ca. 4000–2300 BP)"
322:
282:
1310:
1280:
1011:
686:
670:
392:
360:
1325:
1305:
845:
529:
408:
310:
286:
278:
200:
in the area, but it no longer exists. The former lake of Aoukar extended towards the area of
117:
1562:
976:
933:
566:
162:
17:
8:
1449:
1400:
1315:
1006:
880:
823:
156:
570:
1464:
1434:
1385:
1380:
1197:
986:
923:
865:
652:
1270:
745:
215:
1405:
1365:
1355:
1340:
1295:
1275:
1212:
1182:
1167:
1114:
1059:
1054:
1039:
693:
656:
599:
533:
264:
249:
224:
220:
1360:
1335:
1330:
1001:
981:
928:
903:
837:
818:
808:
642:
632:
574:
525:
502:
1260:
410:
Global
Restructuring and Peripheral States: The Carrot and the Stick in Mauritania
1429:
1265:
1132:
1104:
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885:
870:
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855:
782:
147:
109:
61:
1444:
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1227:
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996:
971:
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961:
637:
620:
578:
244:
205:
197:
169:
133:
46:
506:
1511:
1493:
1480:
1390:
1345:
1285:
1242:
1237:
1029:
875:
803:
791:
676:
McGill-Queen's
University Press (Montreal), 2002. Accessed 18 Apr 2014.
1202:
1187:
1177:
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1094:
1079:
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1044:
850:
813:
797:
457:
327:
256:
193:
292:
1300:
1217:
1157:
1142:
1069:
1034:
388:
1439:
1424:
1137:
895:
647:
275:
212:
facing the extinct lake remains of about 400 villages have been found.
181:
121:
85:
1459:
1454:
1415:
173:
492:
1152:
177:
240:
232:
129:
953:
833:
398:
Harper & Bros. (New York), 1859. Accessed 18 Apr 2014.
236:
201:
306:
125:
1021:
520:
McDougall, E. Ann (2019). "Saharan
Peoples and Societies".
260:
219:
An 1861 German map displaying the unoccupied Hodh amid the
1375:
672:
Determining
Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of
775:
267:
in 1944, apparently on a whim of the colonial governor
252:
of eastern
Mauritania dates from 2200 BCE to 200 BCE.
305:
The Aoukar is one of the few natural refuges for the
1509:
477:G. Marcus and B. de Valicourt (2000). Mauritanie
454:"Tichit - The living ghost of yesterday's glory"
591:
522:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History
366:Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century
488:
486:
761:
585:
313:kind of antelope which lives in the region.
688:The Boundary Politics of Independent Africa
483:
768:
754:
76:Location of the Aoukar basin in Mauritania
646:
636:
598:. Netherlands: Barkhuis. pp. 71–76.
519:
495:Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa
376:(Paris), 1988. Accessed 18 Apr 2014.
513:
291:
274:Aoukar/Hodh gave its name to the modern
214:
14:
1510:
741:Mauritania - crossing the Aoukar basin
713:, pp. 254 ff. Methuen, 1973.
530:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.285
749:
384:
382:
346:Marco Stoppato, Alfredo Bini (2003),
204:, bordering the southern edge of the
1100:West and Central African Rift System
553:Holl, Augustin F.C. (25 June 2009).
552:
546:
396:, Vol. 3, pp. 712 ff.
136:. The region is also referred to as
776:Major African geological formations
618:
612:
418:), 1996. Accessed 18 Apr 2014.
255:Previously administered as part of
184:on its northern and eastern sides.
151:
113:
24:
592:MacDonald, K.; Vernet, R. (2007).
379:
25:
1574:
734:
296:A view of the dunes in the Aoukar
70:
54:
716:
709:Morgan, William & al.
703:
679:
663:
263:), the area was transferred to
725:The Rough Guide to West Africa
471:
446:
421:
401:
359:Fāsī, Muḥammad & al.
353:
340:
13:
1:
333:
1538:Sedimentary basins of Africa
700:. Accessed 18 Apr 2014.
674:Uti Possidetis, p. 109.
27:Natural region in Mauritania
7:
625:Journal of World Prehistory
316:
10:
1579:
1528:Endorheic basins of Africa
914:Central African Shear Zone
638:10.1007/s10963-019-09131-2
579:10.1016/j.crte.2009.04.005
559:Comptes Rendus. Géoscience
414:Rowman & Littlefield (
300:
187:
168:The Aoukar basin is a dry
1543:Natural regions of Africa
1414:
1291:Central Pangean Mountains
1251:
1113:
1020:
952:
944:Western Meseta Shear Zone
894:
832:
781:
507:10.1080/00671990902811330
362:General History of Africa
91:
81:
69:
53:
44:
32:
231:From east to west, Dhar
124:. It is located between
95:240 m (790 ft)
36:
1558:Geography of Mauritania
1518:Landforms of Mauritania
619:Kay, Andrea U. (2019).
323:Geography of Mauritania
1548:Regions of West Africa
1311:Eastern Rift mountains
1233:Tanzania Coastal Basin
1012:Terra Australis Orogen
297:
228:
120:area of south eastern
1533:Geology of Mauritania
1523:Depressions (geology)
1326:Great Karas Mountains
1306:Eastern Arc Mountains
846:Arabian-Nubian Shield
407:Ould-Mey, Mohameden.
311:critically endangered
295:
218:
118:geological depression
1223:Somali Coastal Basin
934:Mwembeshi Shear Zone
427:Also encountered as
192:There was once vast
1490: /
1401:Teffedest Mountains
1316:Ethiopian Highlands
1007:Pan-African orogens
977:East African Orogen
909:Broodkop Shear Zone
881:West African Craton
824:Victoria Microplate
692:. iUniverse, 1999.
571:2009CRGeo.341..703H
208:. Below the cliffs
1465:List of inselbergs
1435:Jugurtha Tableland
1386:Sankwala Mountains
1381:Rwenzori Mountains
1198:Ouled Abdoun Basin
1193:Orange River Basin
1115:Sedimentary basins
924:Foumban Shear Zone
866:Saharan Metacraton
669:Lalonde, Suzanne.
298:
229:
1553:Geography of Mali
1473:
1472:
1406:Tibesti Mountains
1366:Mitumba Mountains
1356:Mandara Mountains
1341:Imatong Mountains
1296:Chaillu Mountains
1276:Bambouk Mountains
1213:Rio del Rey Basin
1183:Niger Delta Basin
1168:Iullemmeden Basin
1060:Gulf of Suez Rift
1055:East African Rift
1040:Bahr el Arab rift
987:Gondwanide Orogen
919:Chuan Shear Zones
539:978-0-19-027773-4
364:, Vol. III:
265:French Mauritania
250:Tichitt Tradition
221:Toucouleur Empire
160:
99:
98:
60:Landscape in the
16:(Redirected from
1570:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1494:18.000°N 9.500°W
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1361:Marrah Mountains
1336:Hoggar Mountains
1331:Guinea Highlands
1321:Great Escarpment
1085:Sangha Aulacogen
1002:Mauritanide Belt
929:Kandi Fault Zone
904:Aswa Dislocation
819:Seychelles Plate
809:Madagascar Plate
770:
763:
756:
747:
746:
728:
723:Richard Trillo,
720:
714:
707:
701:
685:Touval, Saadia.
683:
677:
667:
661:
660:
650:
640:
616:
610:
609:
589:
583:
582:
565:(8–9): 703–712.
550:
544:
543:
517:
511:
510:
490:
481:
475:
469:
468:
466:
465:
456:. Archived from
450:
444:
425:
419:
405:
399:
386:
377:
375:
374:
357:
351:
344:
283:Hodh Ech Chargui
155:
153:
145:
115:
74:
58:
30:
29:
21:
1578:
1577:
1573:
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1569:
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1567:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1430:Mount Gorongosa
1410:
1271:Aurès Mountains
1266:Atlas Mountains
1253:Mountain ranges
1247:
1133:Blue Nile Basin
1109:
1105:White Nile rift
1016:
982:Eburnean Orogen
948:
939:Todi Shear Zone
890:
886:Zimbabwe Craton
871:Tanzania Craton
861:Kalahari Craton
856:Kaapvaal Craton
828:
777:
774:
737:
732:
731:
721:
717:
708:
704:
684:
680:
668:
664:
617:
613:
606:
590:
586:
551:
547:
540:
518:
514:
491:
484:
476:
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451:
447:
426:
422:
406:
402:
387:
380:
372:
371:
358:
354:
345:
341:
336:
319:
303:
190:
141:
132:, south of the
77:
65:
62:Ayoun el Atrous
49:
40:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1499:18.000; -9.500
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Mont Niénokoué
1447:
1445:Mulanje Massif
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Serra da Chela
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:Nuba Mountains
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1351:Loma Mountains
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:Blue Mountains
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1228:Taoudeni Basin
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
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1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
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1155:
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1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:Lamu Embayment
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:Blue Nile rift
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
992:Kibaran Orogen
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
967:Cape Fold Belt
964:
958:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
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936:
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796:Minor plates:
794:
790:Major plates:
787:
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743:
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735:External links
733:
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631:(2): 179–228.
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287:Hodh El Gharbi
206:Tagant Plateau
198:endorheic lake
189:
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170:natural region
134:Tagant Plateau
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1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Serra da Leba
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:Rif Mountains
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
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1349:
1347:
1346:Jebel Uweinat
1344:
1342:
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1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
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1287:
1286:Cameroon line
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:Aïr Mountains
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1243:Turkana Basin
1241:
1239:
1238:Tindouf Basin
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Reggane Basin
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
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1191:
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1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
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1056:
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1051:
1048:
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1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:Afar Triangle
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Kuunga Orogen
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
972:Damara Orogen
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:Alpine Orogen
960:
959:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Tuareg Shield
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
804:Lwandle Plate
802:Microplates:
801:
799:
795:
793:
792:African Plate
789:
788:
786:
784:
780:
771:
766:
764:
759:
757:
752:
751:
748:
742:
739:
738:
727:
726:
719:
712:
706:
699:
695:
691:
690:, p. 247
689:
682:
675:
673:
666:
658:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
615:
607:
605:9789077922309
601:
597:
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588:
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549:
541:
535:
531:
527:
523:
516:
508:
504:
500:
496:
489:
487:
480:
474:
460:on 2016-03-04
459:
455:
449:
442:
438:
434:
430:
424:
417:
413:
412:, p. 66.
411:
404:
397:
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368:, p. 130
367:
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314:
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308:
294:
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266:
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259:(present-day
258:
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127:
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119:
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107:
103:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
73:
68:
63:
57:
52:
48:
43:
31:
19:
1475:
1418:(aka koppie)
1203:Owambo Basin
1188:Ogaden Basin
1178:Murzuq Basin
1148:Douala Basin
1127:
1123:Angola Basin
1095:Urema Valley
1080:Red Sea Rift
1075:Muglad Basin
1045:Benue Trough
851:Congo Craton
814:Rovuma Plate
798:Somali Plate
724:
718:
710:
705:
687:
681:
671:
665:
628:
624:
614:
594:
587:
562:
558:
548:
521:
515:
498:
494:
478:
473:
462:. Retrieved
458:the original
448:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
409:
403:
393:
389:Barth, Henry
365:
361:
355:
347:
342:
328:List of ergs
304:
273:
257:French Sudan
254:
230:
209:
191:
167:
142:
137:
105:
101:
100:
1563:West Africa
1497: /
1301:Drakensberg
1218:Sirte Basin
1173:Kufra Basin
1163:Gabon Basin
1158:Karoo Basin
1143:Congo Basin
1090:Atbara rift
1070:Melut Basin
1035:Anza trough
896:Shear zones
711:West Africa
648:10230/44475
501:(1): 3–48.
276:Mauritanian
243:, and Dhar
182:escarpments
180:fringed by
1512:Categories
1440:Mount Mabu
1425:Anti-Atlas
1416:Inselbergs
1138:Chad Basin
698:1583484221
464:2014-08-13
334:References
174:sand dunes
122:Mauritania
106:Erg Aoukar
86:Mauritania
1460:Zuma Rock
1455:Wase Rock
657:134223231
225:Umar Tall
196:-covered
178:salt pans
161:'the
92:Elevation
1153:El Djouf
350:, p. 156
317:See also
165:').
1482:18°00′N
954:Orogens
838:shields
834:Cratons
567:Bibcode
479:, p. 10
441:al-Hodh
348:Deserts
301:Ecology
279:regions
269:Laigret
241:Tichitt
239:, Dhar
235:, Dhar
210:(dhars)
188:History
159:
143:El Hodh
116:) is a
82:Country
1485:9°30′W
1128:Aoukar
783:Plates
696:
655:
602:
536:
439:, and
416:Lanham
373:UNESCO
245:Tagant
237:Walata
202:Tichit
148:Arabic
110:Arabic
102:Aoukar
34:Aoukar
1022:Rifts
653:S2CID
307:addax
163:Basin
152:الحوض
126:Kiffa
836:and
694:ISBN
600:ISBN
534:ISBN
437:Hódh
433:Ḥawḍ
429:Hōdh
309:, a
285:and
261:Mali
233:Néma
194:reed
176:and
157:lit.
138:Hodh
130:Néma
128:and
114:عوكر
64:area
38:عوكر
18:Hodh
643:hdl
633:doi
575:doi
563:341
526:doi
503:doi
281:of
223:of
172:of
140:or
104:or
1514::
651:.
641:.
629:32
627:.
623:.
573:.
561:.
557:.
532:.
524:.
499:44
497:.
485:^
435:,
431:,
391:.
381:^
370:.
289:.
154:,
150::
112::
769:e
762:t
755:v
659:.
645::
635::
608:.
581:.
577::
569::
542:.
528::
509:.
505::
467:.
443:.
227:.
146:(
108:(
20:)
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