456:
198:
51:
20:
154:
594:, a group of neighborhood kids gather for one last weekend together in the face of foreclosure on their homes in the "Goon Docks" area of Astoria, Oregon. Their tranquil, historic homes are to be replaced with a country club. While rummaging through Mickey's attic, they find an old treasure map. Seeing it as an opportunity to save their homes, they seek it out. Evading the Fratellis and numerous booby traps, they find the treasure, thwarting the developers.
322:
249:, local and national government agencies are entitled to take private property for purposes in the public interest, but must offer owners compensation amounting to the value of the property. Private companies, most often railroads, could be granted the power of eminent domain through a company charter enacted by state legislators. The United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the Republic of Ireland have a comparable process called
264:
decision was widely unpopular, and spurred various states to enact laws prohibiting the practice, restricting eminent domain seizures to public works projects. However, the practice is common in other states. The efforts generally begin with an offer by the private group or government agency to purchase the land, and only become a question of eminent domain if the parties cannot negotiate a purchase price.
229:, United States. The establishment was started in a one-story building by two brothers in 2008. When established, the property was surrounded by vacant lots but in 2015, a development company purchased all of the land surrounding the bar. When the owners of the bar's land and building refused two offers to purchase from a developer, the development company built apartments in a
92:. While Rockefeller was successful in purchasing the townhouse at 1240 Sixth Avenue, the lesseesâDaniel Hurley and Patrick Daly, owners of a speakeasy on 49th Street, who had signed a long-term leaseârefused to vacate unless they were bought out to their asking sum of $ 250 million (equivalent to $ 5 billion in 2024).
413:"dÄ«ngzihĂč" (literally, "nail household or householder") that refers to either a person who refuses to vacate their home to make way for development, or the home itself. The Chinese term, coined by developers, comes from the fact that these houses stick out like a nail that can be neither extracted nor hammered down.
446:
In March 2007, China passed its first modern private property law. The law prohibits government taking of land, except when it is in the public interest. The law strengthened the position of nail house owners, but did not entirely resolve whether making room for private commercial developments was a
442:
More recently, the PRC has begun to accept private ownership of real estate, including the still-controversial notion that owners are free to earn money when their land becomes more valuable due to planned developments, or even simply not to sell. Discontent arose among the people over accusations
189:
by the press for taking a stand against big-time developers and refusing an offer most would take. However, contrary to popular belief, she was not against development around her property; her reason for holding out was simply that she found the process of moving uncomfortable at her increasingly
538:
to cover the incident, funded by donations from his readers. Writing under the pen name "Zuola", Zhou interviewed the participants, as well as crowds that had gathered and others who claimed to have been evicted from their homes. He was popularly referred to as China's first "citizen journalist"
472:
refused for two years to vacate a home their family had inhabited for three generations. Developers cut their power and water, and excavated a 10-metre-wide (33 ft) pit around their home. The owners broke into the construction site, reoccupied it, and flew a
Chinese flag on top. Yang Wu, a
134:
negotiated with the occupants of the
Western Union building for a complete envelopment of the building in a vault within 700 Louisiana Street's modern facade, allowing the facility to resume operation on the site inside the skyscraper's 12-story adjacent bank-lobby structure. Following its later
501:, that had cost him 1 million yuan ($ 130,000) to build ten years before. The resident held out for months following an eviction order, and was subject to harassment and extortion attempts even after he reached a settlement. Two other nail house owners held out against the Kingkey development.
263:
held that the government is entitled to take land from private parties for any reason, including to give to private developers, with the justification that the development's greater assessed value, and resulting increase in property tax revenue, fulfilled the "public interest" requirement. The
525:
Nail houses have received an unusual degree of coverage in the
Chinese press. The Chongqing incident was initially called "coolest nail house in history" by a blogger, after which the incident was picked up by major media throughout China, including state-run newspapers, and became a national
434:
beginning in the late 1990s, private developers began building shopping malls, hotels, and other private developments in densely populated urban centers, which required displacing residents who lived on the land. Developers would typically offer relatively low compensation to the residents,
429:
officially owned all real estate, and could in theory dictate who was entitled to control any piece of property according to national interests. Private citizens, therefore, did not have a legal right to keep their property if the government decided they should leave (although in practice,
702:, features a retired widower who is threatened with being forced out of his holdout house, but he refuses to acquiesce, instead turning the house into a makeshift dirigible by filling many balloons with helium and traveling to South America as a promise was made to his late wife.
485:
who had planned to open a restaurant in the home's ground floor, granted interviews and frequent press releases to generate publicity. The owners turned down an offer of 3.5 million yuan (US $ 453,000), but eventually settled with the developers in 2007.
467:
A number of high-profile nail houses have received widespread attention in the
Chinese press. In one case in 2007, one family among 280 others at the location of a six-story shopping mall under construction at the location of a former "snack street" in
606:, a small home is depicted surrounded by sky scrapers and hungry developers. Having drunk in excess the night prior and with bills to pay, the singer misses work and is evicted from her home. A phone call from her love makes things not so bad.
615:(season 4, episode 13, "A House Divided", and episode 14, "A House Reunited") had this as a plot point, with the titular character being the last holdout for a planned mall. This included the accidental partial demolition of his home.
267:
When eminent domain seizures do occur there are often disputes over the value of the property, and whether it should fully compensate the landowner for the holdout value of the land. A historical example of a San
Francisco nail house
171:
received attention from media all over the world in 2006 when she refused an offer of $ 750,000, and then another that increased to a package of $ 1 million, assistance in finding a similar home in another location, and complimentary
512:
Province. The elderly couple had refused to sell the property for the price offered by the government since 2001. Eventually a major two-lane road to a new train station was constructed around the house. Pictures of the home went
84:, which has slight setbacks at its corners of 49th and 50th Streets on Sixth Avenue due to two buildings at those corners. The owner of 1258 Sixth AvenueâJohn F. Maxwell, grandson of the original ownerâoutright refused to sell to
1080:
439:, powerful developers could persuade local officials and courts to order residents off the land. In other cases, residents would be arrested on false charges or thugs would be hired to scare away the residents.
789:
280:
around a house owned by undertaker
Nicolas Yung in the late 1870s, after Yung refused to sell his small property to Crocker, who was consolidating lots on which to build a mansion. More recent examples include
184:
neighborhood home. After several failures of negotiation with Ms. Macefield, builders opted to continue with construction, surrounding 3 sides of her property with 5 story concrete walls. She became coined a
560:, Arthur Dent resists the demolition of his home to make way for a bypass. This defiance is later mirrored on a cosmic scale when the entire Earth faces destruction for an intergalactic highway.
628:
from screens early. Many commentators in China drew connections between nail house evictions and depictions in the film of forced relocation of indigenous populations by a large company. The
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426:
130:
stood at the corner at
Louisiana and Capitol Streets. Due to Western Union's unwillingness to relocate as the rerouting of communication equipment was financially infeasible, developer
126:
in the early 1980s encountered a dilemma surrounding a unique holdout. At the construction site bordered by
Louisiana, Capitol, Rusk, and Smith Streets, a communications hub for the
1786:
Holdouts! Reference Files, Creator: Andrew Alpern Held in the Dept. of
Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University, New York City
1398:
1045:
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435:
reflecting the pre-development value of their properties or the cost of obtaining alternative housing elsewhere. Should residents resist, or try to take advantage of their
530:
supported the couple rather than the developers. Later, however, the
Chinese government forbade newspapers from reporting on the event. Another blogger, vegetable vendor
517:
on the Internet and were widely published by Chinese media. The property was demolished in December 2012 after the owners accepted a compensation offer worth $ 41,000.
576:
journey, the swamp he calls home becomes a symbol of resilience against societal pressures, illustrating that true happiness lies in embracing oneâs unique identity.
77:). Now decorated as a Macy's shopping bag, the building received its name from the fact that it sold for a million dollars in 1911, an unprecedented sum at the time.
1107:
912:
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was paid between 10 and 20 million yuan (US $ 1.3 million to $ 2.7 million) for selling a seven-story building at the site of the future 439-meter (1,440 foot)
1704:
675:'s refusal to vacate his burrow for a skyscraper under construction. The theme was repeated, this time for highway construction, in the 1954 Bugs Bunny short
190:
debilitating age. She passed in 2008 at the age of 86 in her home per her wishes, and the house still stands today empty and surrounded by concrete walls and
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1104:"In the 346 days the Thirsty Beaver was closed, Brian Wilson received countless calls and texts from regulars who were worried about the bar's future"
242:
1308:
111:
was obstructed by the Spiegelhalter brothers who owned and ran a jewellers at no. 81. The store building was completed around the jewellers shop.
759:
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819:
1634:
Shrek. Directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, performances by Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, and Cameron Diaz, DreamWorks Animation, 2001.
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he Emperor's New Groove. Directed by Mark Dindal, performances by David Spade, John Goodman, and Eartha Kitt, Walt Disney Pictures, 2000.
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reported that the decision was due to concerns that the film would trigger dissent over the country's nail house phenomenon.
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962:"Elderly woman inspired movie Up after she turned down $ 1 million for house and forced developers to build around her"
260:
89:
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651:(1987), the elderly couple's home remains standing and the developer is forced to construct his skyscraper around it.
637:
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follows the quest of an ogre as he fights to keep his swamp from being occupied by Fairy Tale creatures displaced by
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to make a staircase to their house, and threatened to beat any authorities who attempted to evict him. His wife, a
135:
closure, remnants of the Western Union building were redeveloped and integrated into 700 Louisiana Street in 2018.
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depicts a family unwilling to accept compulsory purchase of their Melbourne home, which is near an airport runway.
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features a firehouse being menaced by an aggressive developer who wants to put a 130-story building in its area.
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although his site was blocked as well. Others defied the prohibition as well, including the Chinese edition of
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42:, usually because the owner refused to sell their property. There are many examples of holdouts worldwide.
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493:, even after a shopping mall was built around it, and now sits in a courtyard of the mall. One owner in
104:
54:
Wickhams Department Store, Mile End Road, Stepney, London, built around the Spiegelhalter jewellers shop
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255:
1775:
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222:
1428:
1273:"A Chinese man's home is his castle: kung fu master keeps bailiffs at bay in the siege of Chongqing"
1198:
1724:"Jimmy tangles with some familiar adversaries, and Better Call Saul's big bosses pull the strings"
585:, Pacha refuses to give up his familyâs home despite the emperor's plans to build a palace on it.
1815:
734:
197:
85:
62:
39:
27:
913:"A CURTAIN CALL FOR THE HIDDEN WESTERN UNION BUILDING BEFORE BANK OF AMERICA CENTER DIGESTS IT?"
421:
In the People's Republic of China (PRC), during most of the Communist era, private ownership of
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81:
70:
50:
23:
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features a real estate holdout who refuses to sell his property to Mesa Verde Bank, forcing
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1038:"Dive bar dwarfed by new apartments refuses to close: 'You're not going to push us around'"
749:
988:"Edith Macefield, 1921-2008: Ballard woman held her ground as change closed in around her"
8:
611:
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of illegal land seizures by developers and corruption by complicit government officials.
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19:
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entitlements arose for various reasons). With a strengthening economy and the rise of
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Another nail house became notable after it ended up in the middle of a new road in
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123:
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273:
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from seizure by the government without "just compensation". Under the concept of
164:
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1069:"Thirsty Beaver Saloon: A Charlotte institution that has stood the test of time"
1313:
694:
535:
246:
226:
210:
202:
146:; in one example, families refused to move even as the original and subsequent
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815:
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127:
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69:, for example, does not cover the whole block because of a holdout named the
66:
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478:
379:
191:
1673:"China Film Group Pulling 'Avatar' From 2-D Screens Earlier Than Expected"
1554:
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754:
590:
545:, which worked a subtle reference of the incident into a magazine cover.
431:
277:
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286:
1528:"Chinese Government Forbids Media Reporting of The "Nailhouse" Story"
469:
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230:
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58:
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passed its first modern private property law in March 2007 amid the
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http://www.nypl.org/locations/tid/45/node/133855?lref=45%2Fcalendar
1512:
527:
509:
494:
490:
474:
253:, and there are equivalent laws in Australia and South Africa. In
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505:
482:
327:
115:
96:
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who challenged the power of eminent domain in Portland, Oregon.
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147:
1013:"This Tiny Fascinating House in WA State Inspired Disney's UP"
933:
699:
564:
293:
119:
1652:
The Goonies. Directed by Richard Donner, Warner Bros., 1985.
1458:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 22 November 2008
1429:"Nail house owner receives millions of yuan in compensation"
285:, who refused to sell her Seattle house to a developer, and
1577:"Interview with "citizen reporter" Zhou Shuguang, aka Zola"
846:"Wickhams Department Store, Mile End Road, East London, UK"
790:"The real estate deals where money could not buy happiness"
526:
sensation. Eighty-five percent of respondents to a poll on
241:
In the United States, private property is protected by the
176:
for the remainder of her senior years from developers of a
1705:"Plight of China's 'nail houses' reflected in online game"
891:"Bank of America Center to bring hidden building to light"
1235:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 22 April 2007
1158:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2007
1342:
622:, China's state-run film distributor, withdrew the film
80:
One mile (1.6 km) north of Macy's Herald Square is
1691:"Chinese hooked on 'nail house' forced relocation game"
937:
Against the State: Politics and Social Protest in Japan
1011:
Radio, Reesha On The RadioReesha On The (2023-11-17).
384:
180:
that was planned to comprise the entire block of her
1509:"China home marooned in middle of road is bulldozed"
1377:"Property rights: the coolest nail house in history"
869:"Think You Know Houston's Skyscrapers? Think Again"
73:on the corner of Broadway and West 34th Street (in
38:is a property that did not become part of a larger
1661:Dido. "Thank You." No Angel, Cheeky Records, 1999.
1551:"Nail house tests China's new property rights law"
1351:"First Test Case for Newly Approved Property Law?"
447:public interest that entitled the taking of land.
1781:http://www.godine.com/isbn.asp?isbn=9781567924435
1597:
1309:"In China, Fight Over Development Creates a Star"
660:The Big Battle: Nail House Versus Demolition Team
1792:
1453:
1374:
1270:
760:St. Joseph Catholic Church (San Antonio, Texas)
1497:. South China Morning Post. November 23, 2012.
1266:
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107:, completed in 1927, on the north side of the
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1149:
1147:
821:Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center
489:In another example, a nail house remained in
354:
340:
16:Property not sold for real estate development
927:
142:in Japan starting in the 1990s was met with
1750:
1693:. The Guardian, Beijing. 18 September 2010.
1670:
1456:"Chinese homeowners nail down their rights"
1261:
138:The construction of new runway capacity at
103:, the construction of the department store
1600:"Sports Illustrated Nods At The Nailhouse"
1525:
1230:
1144:
719:to try to mediate between the two parties.
1370:
1368:
1348:
1029:
866:
665:The 1950 eminent domain-spoofing cartoon
150:construction projects began around them.
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1066:
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1035:
934:David Ernest Apter; Nagayo Sawa (1984).
824:. London: Penguin Book. pp. 93â94.
454:
416:
196:
152:
49:
18:
1751:Alpern, Andrew; Durst, Seymour (1997),
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1487:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
848:. Rick Edmondson's Unfinished Buildings
1793:
1721:
1683:
1671:Tartaglione, Nancy (19 January 2010).
1365:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1156:"China's rough ideological transition"
1110:from the original on November 10, 2023
1048:from the original on November 11, 2023
893:. Houston Chronicle. December 26, 2017
814:
1619:
1495:"'Nail House' Couple Refuses to Move"
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1010:
787:
548:
534:, traveled by train from his home in
1622:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
1484:
1199:"Nail house in Chongqing demolished"
1184:
557:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
1454:Catherine Jiang (2 November 2007).
1307:French, Howard W. (26 March 2007).
1295:
1233:"The coolest nail house in history"
1101:
1095:
243:Fifth Amendment to the Constitution
13:
1744:
1598:Jonathan Ansfield (12 June 2009).
1405:. 13 November 2007. Archived from
1217:
985:
788:Craze, Kirsten (9 November 2015).
781:
662:, became popular in China in 2010.
473:local martial arts champion, used
90:construction of Rockefeller Center
14:
1832:
1769:
1753:New York's Architectural Holdouts
1375:Jeremy Goldkorn (22 March 2007).
1336:"Woman defies Chinese developers"
1271:Clifford Coonan (31 March 2007).
1132:. Institute of Justice. June 2003
1083:from the original on June 6, 2023
520:
1811:Buildings and structures by type
1067:Sprinkle, Larry (June 5, 2023).
1036:Portillo, Ely (April 22, 2017).
320:
272:) resulted in railroad investor
1715:
1697:
1675:. Hollywood.com. Archived from
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1613:
1591:
1569:
1549:Geoffrey York (26 March 2007).
1542:
1519:
1501:
1447:
1421:
1391:
1328:
1122:
1004:
867:Emma Hurt (November 11, 2014).
236:
1722:Bowman, Donna (2 March 2020).
1553:. Scripps News. Archived from
979:
954:
905:
883:
860:
838:
808:
461:Shenzhen North Railway Station
385:
355:
341:
1:
775:
450:
303:
26:, a holdout at the corner of
1526:Xiao Qiang (24 March 2007).
1231:Kent Ewing (31 March 2007).
1130:"Public Power, Private Gain"
1102:Way, Emma (March 17, 2021).
940:. Harvard University Press.
740:Narita International Airport
620:China Film Group Corporation
205:in Charlotte, North Carolina
140:Narita International Airport
7:
1349:Zhang Rui (23 March 2007).
915:. swamplot. August 15, 2018
723:
658:developed by Mirage Games,
326:Nail house in Chongqing of
298:property development bubble
261:United States Supreme Court
45:
10:
1837:
992:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
294:People's Republic of China
256:Kelo v. City of New London
217:which is surrounded by an
1806:Architectural terminology
1476:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1253:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1176:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
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178:shopping mall development
144:significant local protest
1711:. UK. 21 September 2010.
1579:. Interfax. 22 June 2007
1279:. London. Archived from
1154:Wu Zhong (14 May 2007).
582:The Emperor's New Groove
336:Traditional Chinese
1620:Adams, Douglas (1979).
1403:San Francisco Chronicle
735:Michael Forbes (farmer)
645:At the end of the film
597:In the music video for
350:Simplified Chinese
86:John D. Rockefeller Jr.
40:real estate development
1755:, Dover Publications,
871:. Houstonia (magazine)
648:Batteries Not Included
464:
233:shape around the bar.
206:
161:
158:Edith Macefieldâs home
122:, the construction of
55:
31:
1530:. China Digital Times
1338:. BBC. 23 March 2007.
499:Kingkey Finance Tower
458:
417:Historical background
200:
156:
128:Western Union Company
82:30 Rockefeller Center
71:Million Dollar Corner
53:
24:Million Dollar Corner
22:
1042:The Kansas City Star
750:Real estate in China
124:700 Louisiana Street
63:Macy's Herald Square
28:Macy's Herald Square
1801:Real estate holdout
1435:. 30 September 2007
1106:. Axios Charlotte.
612:The Drew Carey Show
437:bargaining position
425:was abolished. The
251:compulsory purchase
169:Seattle, Washington
1515:. 1 December 2012.
986:MULADY, By KATHY.
744:Sanrizuka Struggle
687:Herbie Rides Again
618:In early 2010 the
549:In popular culture
542:Sports Illustrated
465:
427:central government
207:
162:
101:East End of London
56:
32:
1762:978-0-486-29425-4
1399:"Day In Pictures"
947:978-0-674-00921-9
831:978-0-142-00177-6
698:, a 2009 film by
631:Los Angeles Times
400:
399:
392:
391:
373:Standard Mandarin
219:apartment complex
160:amid construction
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1283:on April 6, 2007
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730:Mary Ellis grave
712:Better Call Saul
609:Two episodes of
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344:
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308:
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61:headquarters at
30:in New York City
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1747:
1745:Further reading
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1709:The Independent
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