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427:þan orð havr lutit oc eig þan orð havr giuit · þa opar han þry niþingx op oc markar han a iarþv · þa se han maþr þæss værri þet talaþi han eig halla þorþi · Nv møtaz þeir baþir mz fullum vapnvm · Faldr þan orð havr lutit · gildr mz haluum gialdum · Faldr þan orð havr giuit · Gløpr orða værstr · Tunga houuðbani · Liggi i vgildum acri ·
231:(usually three) they could use – the opponent's strikes could break a shield. The challenged would strike first and then the combatants would hit each other in turn. The combat would normally end on the first blood and the winner would receive three marks of silver. This represents mainly the later
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states that the holmgang was fought on an ox hide or cloak with sides that were three meters long. It was staked on the ground with stakes used just for that purpose and placed in a specific manner now unknown. After that the area was marked by drawing three borders around the square hide, each about
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If someone speaks insults to another man ("You're not the like of a man, and not a man in your chest!" – "I'm a man like you!"), they shall meet where three roads meet. If he who has spoken comes and not the insulted one, then he shall be as he's been called: no right to swear oaths, no right to bear
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Exact rules varied from place to place and changed over time, but before each challenge the duelists agreed to the rules they used. The duel was fought either on a pre-specified plot or on a traditional place which was regularly used for this purpose. The challenger recited the rules, traditional or
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Givr maþr oquæþins orð manni · þu ær æi mans maki oc eig maþr i brysti · Ek ær maþr sum þv · þeir skvlv møtaz a þriggia vægha motum · Cumbr þan orð havr giuit oc þan cumbr eig þer orð havr lutit · þa mvn han vara svm han heitir · ær eig eiðgangr oc eig vitnisbær huarti firi man ælla kvnv · Cumbr oc
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If a man challenged another in any matter and the one who had issued the challenge won the victory, then his due as victor was whatever the challenge had been made for. If he were defeated, he was obliged to ransom himself by an agreed sum. But if he fell in the duel, the fight lost him all his
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At least in theory, anyone offended could challenge the other party to holmgang regardless of their differences in social status. This could be a matter of honor, ownership or property, demand of restitution or debt, legal disagreement or intention to help a wife or relative or avenge a friend.
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Marauder and its upgraded form
Warrior has the ability Holmgang, which creates a chain that binds the user and their target together. They are immobile for the duration and must attack each other, in reference to how a real Holmgang would be conducted.
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of a bull before a holmgang, whose hide was stretched and afixed to the ground on which the fight was to take place; but there are many references about the sacrifice the winner made after the victory. Combatants were permitted a specific number of
289:). The story's two protagonists – feuding spacemen of the future who are of distant Scandinavian origin and one of whom (the villain) is historically conscious – decide to revive this Viking tradition, resorting to a deadly holmgang on a lonely
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Holmgangs were fought 3–7 days after the challenge. If the person challenged did not turn up for the holmgang, the other man was considered just in his challenge. If the offended party did not turn up for the holmgang, they were deemed
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version of holmgang, which was intended to avoid unnecessary loss of life and excessive profiteering; unless the dispute was about a specific property, the most the winner could receive was the three marks of silver.
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one foot from the previous one. Corners of the outermost border were marked with hazel staves. Combatants had to fight inside these borders. Stepping out of borders meant forfeiture, running away meant cowardice.
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Professional duelists used holmgangs as a form of legalized robbery; they could claim rights to land, women, or property, and then prove their claims in the duel at the expense of the legitimate owner. Many
385:(solo Swedish metal singer-songwriter) released a single "Holmgång" for his upcoming album "Ragnarök". The song, melodic and aggressive, ties the ancient Northern practice into modern military context.
109:. In effect, if someone was unwilling or unable to defend their claim, they had no honor. Sometimes a capable warrior volunteered to fight in the place of a clearly outclassed friend.
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those agreed upon, before the duel. Rules determined the allowed weapons, who was eligible to strike first, what constituted a defeat or forfeiture, and what the winner received; in
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First holmgangs probably ended on the death or incapacitation of one combatant. Killing an opponent did not constitute a murder and therefore did not lead to outlawry or payment of
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instead of a sea island, in order to settle their irreconcilable differences over a tangled issue involving crime, politics, and a woman's love. Anderson's protagonist in "
498:
Falk, Oren (2004). "Bystanders and
Hearsayers First: Reassessing the Role of the Audience in Dueling". In Meyerson, Mark D.; Thiery, Daniel; et al. (eds.).
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Radford, R. S. "Going to the Island: A Legal and
Economic Analysis of the Medieval Icelandic Duel". Southern California Law Rev. 62 (1989) 615-44.
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who abused holmgang in this way. In large part due to such practices, holmgangs were outlawed in
Iceland in 1006, as a result of the duel between
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343:, contains the same scene with more detailed explanation of both the ritual and the significance of how it is carried out.
177:; if he who has spoken falls, insults are the worst, the tongue the head's bane, he shall lie in a field of no compensation.
274:, in the song "The Ballad of Bowie Gizzardsbane", Bowie's knife-fighting past is referred to as "the Holmgang at Natchez."
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337:(1999) includes a holmgang process, complete with insult, shields and weregild. The book the film is based on,
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Byock, Jesse. "Hólmganga", entry in
Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia (ed. Philip Pulsiano, 1993) 289-290.
281:– a Danish-American who frequently used Viking themes in his writings – published the science fiction story "
374:
488:
Bø, Olav. "Hólmganga and
Einvigi: Scandinavian Forms of the Duel". Medieval Scandinavia 2 (1969) 132-148.
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people observe the holmgang and other Norse and
Teutonic traditions. One Skaldic character challenges
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170:!" three times and make a mark in the ground, and he is worse who spoke what he dared not keep.
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522:"Holmgöngur" in der altnordischen Literatur: Historischer Gehalt und literarische Gestaltung',
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practiced by early medieval
Scandinavians. It was a legally recognized way to settle disputes.
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is the name of a
Norwegian TV-debate program that aired on the commercial Norwegian station
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8:
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featured a holmgang in the first episode of the series, and again in the second season.
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Ciklamini, Marlene. "The Old
Icelandic Duel". Scandinavian Studies 35:3 (1963) 175-194.
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Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Hólmgang and Einvigi: Scandinavian Forms of the Duel
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Now both meet fully armed: if the insulted one falls, the compensation is half a
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possessions, and the one who had killed him in the duel inherited from him.
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How many times the challenged actually gave in beforehand is unrecorded.
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If the insulted one comes and not he who has spoken, then he shall cry "
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Jones, Gwyn. "The Religious Elements of the Icelandic 'Holmganga
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Jones, Gwyn. "Some Characteristics of the Icelandic 'Holmganga
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A Great Effusion of Blood": Interpreting Medieval Violence
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features several holmgangs throughout its story campaign.
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1975 (as cited in the Viking Lady Answer Page) recounted:
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540:". J. Eng. & Germanic Philology 32 (1933) 203-224.
142:(Westrogothic law), is a fragment from a unknown late
443:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 120.
186:, the winner could claim everything the loser owned.
26:engaging in holmgang with Berg-Önundr, painting by
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58:Norwegian
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