20:
986:) meaning "a triple-first gains one power." Soon, the gibbon became a more generalized symbol, praising those who participated in the civil service exam regardless of whether they achieved three firsts. Thus, the image expresses a wish that its recipient do well on his exams and become successful. Later a variation on the gibbons and egret motif appears through the substitution of deer for egrets. In mandarin the word "鹿" (lù), meaning deer, is homophonous with "鷺" (lù), meaning egret, and so the image achieves the same pun.
893:
907:
472:
1021:"). At this time the capital was under considerable threat of rebellions. The rule is presumably an attempt to avoid confusion between troops convening outside the city ahead of an invasion and the otherwise common practice of storing large quantities of ice for the preservation of meat and vegetables.
591:
Shortening words and phrases is a common and often necessary practice for internet chat and especially SMS text messages in any language. Speakers of
Mandarin Chinese have also developed conventional abbreviations for commonly used words. Some of these are based on homophony or near-homophony.
951:- A more complex example involves the common image of carp swimming through lotus flowers which conveys the wish for continuing profits. Carp (鯉, lǐ), fish (魚, yú), and lotus (蓮, lián) are near-homophonous with "profit" (利, lì), "surplus" (餘, yú), and "successive" (連, lián) respectively.
965:
were distinguished with the title "Sanyuan" (三元) meaning simply "three firsts." Immediately following the appearance of this term in
Chinese literature, the motif of the three gibbons pursuing egrets appears in Chinese painting. In Chinese the scene could be described as
374:
to be homophones with other words which hint at their qualities. For example, the name of the main family, "賈" (Jiǎ) puns with "假" meaning "fake" or "false" while the name of the other main family in the story, "甄" (Zhēn) puns with "真" meaning "real" or
1070:" is pronounced exactly the same, but its meaning, "look for the money," contrasts sharply with the old slogan. The popularity of this pun is explained as a result of the dramatic move towards capitalism that took place in China following the country's
210:, known in China as Spring Festival, has an abundance of unique traditions associated with it. Some of these traditions are more widespread than others. Among the many New Year's customs are a few whose meaning is derived from puns of Mandarin words.
869:
unaware of such a taboo which resulted in some professional embarrassment and a pursuant apology. The homonymic pair works in both
Mandarin and Cantonese, although in most parts of China only clocks and large bells, and not watches, are called
817:- four (四) death (死) while it is common to give gifts in even number increments, giving four of something is associated with very bad fortune because in Mandarin the word four (四, sì) is pronounced similarly to the word death (死, sǐ), see
453:
Long were you with the ancients; Our contemporaries have long missed you. Long have you not been here; But who can be said to have known you for a long time? This one cannot act like you for long, And yet he has long much resembled you
921:
A symbolic language of prosperity and good fortune has evolved over the centuries from the similarity in pronunciation between some every day objects and common lucky words. Examples are especially common in the decorative arts.
421:, is best known today for his paintings of flowers, but he was also a prolific poet. One of his poems, "仿子久畫" ("After the artistic style of Zijiu"), was an ode to a previous master of traditional Chinese landscape painting,
297:, which is the last day of the Chinese New Year celebration. The roundness of the tangyuan and the bowls they are eaten out of emphasize unity in addition to the similarity of their name with the Mandarin word for reunion, "
929:- In some localities it is customary to always place a vase (瓶, píng) on a table (案，àn) when moving into a new home for good luck, because the combination sounds like "平安" (píng'ān) meaning peace and tranquility.
878:
Should such unlucky gifts be given, the "unluckiness" of the gift can traditionally be countered by exacting a small monetary payment so the recipient is buying the clock and thereby counteracting the
781:" meaning “by the waves and with the flow” which by extension means to follow blindly. The usage of the phrase is turned around however. The character 流 liú or "flow" is a homophone with the surname
1046:") meaning "Look forward ". The slogan was an oft-repeated encouragement which emphasized working toward a common destiny and discouraged deep analysis of past policies. Today it is common to hear "
117:
This article lists common homophonous puns in
Mandarin Chinese, though many of the examples given are homophones in other varieties as well. Asterisks before the entry denote near-homophones.
801:. So the phrase may also be interpreted as "Go with Xiaobo, follow Liu," such repetition being common in Chinese rhetoric, taking on the meaning of "follow Liu's example" or "be like Liu."
1246:
At the monosyllabic level, there are a lot of homophones, but the average length of a word is approximately two syllables. So, at the level of the word, there's no problem with homophony.
935:- A traditional wedding custom involves bride and groom exchanging chopsticks, because the word for chopsticks, "筷子" (kuàizi) puns with "快子" (kuàizǐ) which means to quickly have a son.
1001:
for
December 1882 claims that the residents of the western hills outside Beijing were not allowed to store ice at that time because of the similarity between the word for "ice" (
475:
A common online character for the grass-mud horse containing three elements cǎo (as the grass radical), mǎ as a semantic component, and ní appearing to give the pronunciation.
249:), which when displayed upside down denotes one's good fortune has arrived. It is common practice to hang the character upside-down on doors during the Spring festival.
217:- 年年有餘 "There will be an abundance every year" homophonous with 年年有魚 "There will be fish every year." As a result, fish are eaten and used as common decorations during
1280:
603:
for "bye-bye." It has therefore become a common way of saying "see you later" when leaving a conversation, similar to "ttyl" or "talk to you later" in
English.
399:
is better known by his pseudonym Mao Dun (茅盾), a homophone for "contradiction" (矛盾). The pun is said to be a statement of his disillusionment with the ruling
459:
The ancients had Zijiu; Our contemporaries have no Zijiu. Zijiu is not here; Who can know Zijiu? This one cannot be Zijiu, But he strongly resembles Zijiu.
853:
with the term for the act of attending another's funeral (送終/送终, sòngzhōng). This can also be regarded as counting the seconds until the recipient's death.
720:
in
Beijing protesting the crackdown on the pro-democracy movement in Beijing's Tiananmen Square displayed on their dorm, in order, portraits of the revered
1506:
1786:
Proverbs and common sayings from the
Chinese: together with much related and unrelated matter, interspersed with observations on Chinese things-in-general
19:
850:
1182:
98:. In Chinese, homophones are used for a variety of purposes from rhetoric and poetry to advertisement and humor, and are also common in
1422:
82:
lists 149 characters representing the syllable "yì". (However, modern
Chinese words average about two syllables, so the high rate of
235:
or "raised higher each year," leading to the belief that those who eat niangao should have greater prosperity with each coming year.
997:
1293:
255:- Traditionally the first meal of the New Year is vegetarian with a variety of ingredients. The meal is served with lettuce (
99:
810:
In
Chinese culture the giving of certain gifts is traditionally avoided because of unfortunate homophony or near homophony.
1265:
The Pun Also Rises: How the Humble Pun Revolutionized Language, Changed History, and Made Wordplay More Than Some Antics
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homophony does not cause a problem for communication.) Many Chinese take great delight in using the large amount of
316:), a thin black hair-like algae, is a feature of Spring Festival cuisine because its name is a near-homophone of "
161:' in English. It typically refers to the creation of puns in literature. Homophonic puns in particular are called
1732:
276:
710:), which is a nickname that Deng had acquired for his ability to keep afloat amid wave after wave of attacks.
641:- the Chinese characters "杜紫藤" form a very refined name that could belong to a poet (紫藤 is the name for the
1896:
746:)" so this was a way of saying that Li Peng is nothing like Zhou Enlai (there are 10,000 li between them).
619:
610:
429:"Zijiu" (子久). The poem has several intentional puns. The poem and alternative readings are included below:
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491:
480:
154:
1573:
Chinese business etiquette:: a guide to protocol, manners, and culture in the People's Republic of China
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1187:
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404:
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285:- At times of reunion, such as Spring Festival, it is customary to eat sweet round dumplings called
370:
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1029:
241:- 福到了 "fortune has arrived" and 福倒了 "fortune is upside down", the latter simply referring to the
103:
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1452:
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are often shortened to 技院 'jìyuàn' which has the same pronunciation as 妓院 which means a brothel.
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have frequently employed puns as a means of avoiding criticizing the government too directly.
1832:
1805:
1661:
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945:, because the word for bat, "蝠" (fú) is homophonous with the word for good fortune, "福" (fú).
275:), "to make money". Lettuce shows up in other New Years customs as well. In the traditional
1656:
Five-fold happiness: Chinese concepts of luck, prosperity, longevity, happiness, and wealth
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1035:
568:
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Homophonic puns are often used to get around various forms of censorship on the internet.
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8:
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821:. This taboo exists in Japanese and Korean as well, where the words are exact homophones
628:- The number 5, "wǔ" in mandarin, makes this series evoke the sound of a person sobbing.
471:
1710:
1457:
1325:
1285:
1056:
rubbing together to indicate that the speaker is talking about money. The new phrase, "
849:(送鐘/送钟, sòng zhōng) is often taboo, especially to the elderly as the term for this act
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There is no common Chinese word for "pun" in the oral language, although the phrase
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1138:. The custom originates from the similarity of the Mandarin words for "apple" (
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flower), but it is homophonous with the word 肚子疼 which means "stomachache."
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818:
1507:"The World; 15 Years After Zhou's Death, His Image Is Larger Than Life"
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Modern literatures of the non-Western world: where the waters are born
1065:
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839:(梨, lí) are also uncommon gifts as they sound like separation (离, lí).
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1834:
Dictionary of the political thought of the People's Republic of China
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Interpreting culture through translation: a festschrift for D.C. Lau
1327:
Echoes from old China: life, legends, and lore of the Middle Kingdom
906:
1192:
1096:
600:
306:
111:
75:
71:
1733:"Image as word: A study of rebus play in Song Painting (960-1276)"
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in Mandarin, so this combination sounds like English "thank you" (
1424:
The Indiana companion to traditional Chinese literature, Volume 2
729:
678:
357:
328:), meaning "prosperity," and as in the Chinese New Year greeting
228:
24:
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has the same meaning as a pun but has a more formal or literary
862:
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thus consider such a gift as a curse. A UK government official
725:
107:
1211:
Insup Taylor; M. Martin Taylor; Maurice Martin Taylor (1995).
189:; 'homophones' while homophonic characters are called
1095:), the numeric codename for an alleged plot by supporters of
667:
599:(bābā) is pronounced similarly to 拜拜 "bàibài" or the Chinese
79:
579:
578:, "fuck your mother", used in mainland China similarly to "
689:'s handling of the movement. Deng's given name, Xiaoping (
677:- Students participating in the pro-democracy movement in
566:, "a horse made from mud and grass"/"mud-grass horse" for
279:
lettuce and red envelopes of cash are offered to the lion.
1630:
1281:
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
782:
91:
732:, who had been orphaned and raised by Zhou and his wife
685:
in 1989 smashed little bottles as a means of protesting
56:
meaning porridge, giving 溫粥人 (lit. warm-porridge-people)
1370:
1231:"[reply to comment in] Punning banned in China"
385:, a sternsman on the boat asks a nun her name; it is 陳
503:
for "harmony", referring to the official policy of a "
1213:
Writing and literacy in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
1158:). The first syllable of each word sounds identical.
874:", and watches are commonly given as gifts in China.
466:
1111:
as a play on its near-homonym of "armed uprising" (
653:- the names of technical schools which end in 技術學院
1709:
1653:
1372:
1324:
586:
1712:Chinese art: a guide to motifs and visual imagery
1703:
1701:
94:, and they have become an important component of
1878:
1789:. American Presbyterian Mission Press. pp.
1215:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 36.
961:men who scored first in all three levels of the
1626:"UK minister apologises for Taiwan watch gaffe"
1258:
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293:). The tangyuan are traditionally eaten during
1707:
1698:
1498:
343:; 'Congratulations and be prosperous'.
1685:
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752:- Supporters of the jailed Chinese dissident
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690:
368:chose many of the names of his characters in
202:
1251:
1762:The Chinese recorder and missionary journal
1607:"International Gift Giving Protocol: China"
1549:
1453:"A Dirty Pun Tweaks China's Online Censors"
1349:
1183:Faux pas derived from Chinese pronunciation
265:) because the word is near homophonous to "
1810:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 71.
1678:
1645:
1420:
1277:
887:
613:) ) - The number 3 is pronounced as "sān"
1623:
1427:. Indiana University Press. p. 197.
941:- Bats are a common motif in traditional
797:is how a friend would call someone named
389:which is a homophone with 沉 or 'to sink'.
16:Common linguistics and jocular phenomenon
1860:"Christmas no threat to Chinese culture"
1758:"Excursions in the western hills Peking"
1570:
1504:
1134:It is common in China to give apples on
905:
891:
756:often pun on his name using the phrase "
470:
18:
1694:. Chinese University Press. p. 40.
1558:China, Japan, Korea Culture and Customs
1505:Kristoff, Nicholas (February 3, 2011).
1358:China, Japan, Korea Culture and Customs
1331:. University of Hawaii Press. pp.
1262:
998:Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal
1879:
1604:
1586:http://www.sohu.com/a/160882715_578225
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614:
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1107:in 1971, was named by Lin Biao's son
990:
695:) sounds a lot like "Little Bottle" (
1857:
1803:
1689:
1651:
1537:(in Chinese). The Independent Review
1478:
1379:. HarperCollins College Publishers.
1225:
507:", which led to Internet censorship.
448:古人有子久 今人無子久 子久不在茲 誰能和子久 此不作子久 而甚似子久
1322:
1054:a gesture of thumb and fore-fingers
884:("gift") expression of the phrase.
120:
13:
1830:
1441:
1371:Jayana Clerk; Ruth Siegel (1995).
1052:", but it is often accompanied by
14:
1908:
1708:Bjaaland Welch, Patricia (2008).
1530:
1310:"Tangerine Luck for the Niu Year"
1168:Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den
957:- In the eleventh century in the
467:Circumventing internet censorship
1783:Smith, Arthur Henderson (1902).
1738:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1451:Wines, Michael (11 March 2009).
1032:vigorously promoted the slogan "
666:Critics of government policy in
231:" homophonous with 年高 from 年年高升
40:, altering the second character
1851:
1824:
1797:
1776:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1617:
1598:
1579:
1564:
1524:
1479:Pang, Kevin (August 12, 2008).
1472:
1421:Nienhauser, William H. (1998).
1414:
1011:") and the word for "soldier" (
773:" (suí bō zhú Liú) instead of "
587:Text messages and internet chat
1716:. Tuttle Publishing. pp.
1605:deBroissia, Susan Kurth Clot.
1393:
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1316:
1302:
1271:
1267:. Penguin. pp. Chapter 5.
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541:"represent" referring to the "
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67:, has a significant number of
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23:A sign for a porridge shop in
1:
1624:BBC Staff (26 January 2015).
1481:"Chinese text-message primer"
1198:
897:Three gibbons catching egrets
632:
347:
74:and words due to its limited
1837:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 530.
1660:. Chronicle Books. pp.
395:– Noted 20th-century author
7:
1571:Seligman, Scott D. (1999).
1161:
481:Baidu 10 Mythical Creatures
442:Alternative interpretation
10:
1913:
1858:Xiao, Lixin (2013-12-24).
1401:"Huang Gongwang Paintings"
1188:Standard Chinese phonology
1178:Mandarin Chinese profanity
1173:Numbers in Chinese culture
478:
425:who was also known by his
203:Spring Festival traditions
110:, technological terms and
1887:Chinese words and phrases
1831:He, Henry Yuhuai (2001).
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742:) also means "10,000 li (
738:
724:, the serving politician
697:
567:
555:
530:
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417:, an artist of the early
405:Shanghai massacre of 1927
317:
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277:New Year's Day lion dance
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106:of brand names, computer
49:
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31:
1862:. China Daily. p. 9
1807:Evening Chats in Beijing
1764:. November–December 1882
1575:. Hachette Digital, Inc.
1533:
805:
728:and the detested leader
545:", a political ideology.
371:Dream of the Red Chamber
354:Dream of the Red Chamber
90:in the language to form
1595:别人过节喜庆的时候，不送钟表。送终和送钟谐音。
1278:Zuckermann, G. (2003).
1148:) and "Christmas Eve" (
1072:"reform and opening up"
1030:Chinese Communist Party
888:Objects of good fortune
139:may sometimes be used.
104:phono-semantic matching
1690:Chan, Sin-Wai (1991).
1312:. Laowai Chinese 老外中文.
1263:Pollack, John (2011).
918:
903:
622:) and is used as such.
476:
57:
48:to an exact homophone
1652:Sung, Vivien (2002).
1229:(November 29, 2014).
959:Northern Song Dynasty
915:Southern Song Dynasty
909:
895:
785:/劉 and the character
474:
22:
1804:Link, Perry (1993).
499:"river crab" for 和谐
439:English translation
403:party following the
1897:Homonymy in Chinese
1026:Cultural Revolution
662:Political criticism
1591:2018-01-05 at the
1556:Brown, Ju (2006).
1511:The New York Times
1458:The New York Times
1356:Brown, Ju (2006).
1323:Tom, K.S. (1989).
1286:Palgrave Macmillan
991:Other notable puns
919:
904:
527:as in "wristwatch"
505:harmonious society
477:
233:nián nián gāoshēng
172:yīn yì shuāng guān
58:
29:Wenzhounese people
1295:978-1-4039-3869-5
949:*Li, yú, and lián
718:Peking University
644:Wisteria sinensis
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136:yī yǔ shuāng guān
65:Sinitic varieties
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861:gave a watch to
855:Cantonese people
825:in Japanese and
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736:. Here, Wàn Lǐ (
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80:Cihai dictionary
61:Standard Chinese
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469:
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205:
175:or more simply
159:double-entendre
123:
96:Chinese culture
78:inventory. The
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12:
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1288:. p. 59.
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1103:and overthrow
1049:xiàng qián kàn
1043:xiàng qián kàn
1024:Following the
992:
989:
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987:
983:sān yuán dé lù
973:sān yuán dé lù
952:
946:
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889:
886:
876:
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851:is a homophone
847:Giving a clock
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716:- Students at
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525:"watch" (n.,
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479:Main article:
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423:Huang Gongwang
411:Fǎng Zǐjiǔ Huà
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301:" (tuán yuán).
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1560:. p. 57.
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1531:Zhang, Heci.
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1386:9780065012699
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1360:. p. 70.
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1136:Christmas Eve
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1118:wǔzhuāng qǐyì
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1099:to attempt a
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734:Deng Yingchao
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687:Deng Xiaoping
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582:" in English.
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383:Sichuan opera
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356:– Similar to
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1526:
1516:September 1,
1514:. Retrieved
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1235:Language Log
1234:
1227:Mair, Victor
1221:
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981:
976:) a pun on "
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859:Susan Kramer
842:
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484:
419:Qing dynasty
415:Yun Shouping
410:
397:Shen Yanbing
392:
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340:Gōngxǐ fācái
338:
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150:shuāngguānyǔ
148:
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83:
63:, like many
59:
53:
45:
35:
1866:24 December
1240:30 November
1101:coup d'etat
1078:Project 571
913:by unknown
819:tetraphobia
708:xiǎo píngzi
675:Xiǎo Píngzi
243:character 福
157:, such as '
69:homophonous
27:which puns
1881:Categories
1637:29 January
1199:References
1105:Mao Zedong
843:Sòng zhōng
829:in Korean.
754:Liu Xiaobo
722:Zhou Enlai
633:Joke names
427:style name
401:Kuomintang
381:– In this
366:Cao Xueqin
362:Dostoevsky
348:Literature
283:*Tāng yuán
88:homophones
37:Wēnzhōurén
1155:píng'ānyè
1109:Lin Liguo
901:Yi Yuanji
867:Ko Wen-je
639:Dù Zǐténg
620:/θæŋk.ju/
611:/sænkʰju/
575:cào nǐ mā
551:Cao ni ma
436:Original
273:shēng cái
253:*Shengcai
239:Fú dào le
196:tóngyīnzì
72:syllables
1589:Archived
1464:12 March
1193:Kyowa-go
1162:See also
1097:Lin Biao
980:" (also
927:*Ping'an
601:loanword
580:fuck you
287:tangyuan
262:shēngcài
225:Nián gāo
155:register
112:toponyms
84:syllable
76:phonetic
1611:Netique
1534:让我们随波逐刘
1145:píngguǒ
1128:wǔ qǐyì
955:Sānyuán
933:*Kuaizi
917:artist
730:Li Peng
679:Beijing
563:cǎonímǎ
538:dàibiǎo
522:dàibiǎo
511:Dàibiǎo
393:Máo Dùn
375:"true".
358:Dickens
229:niangao
25:Wenzhou
1841:
1814:
1768:8 July
1742:9 July
1668:
1541:5 July
1490:8 July
1431:
1406:8 July
1383:
1339:
1292:
1028:, the
865:mayor
863:Taipei
799:Xiaobo
726:Wan Li
714:Wàn Lǐ
651:Jìyuàn
529:) for
497:hé xiè
325:fā cái
307:Fā cài
227:- 年糕 "
186:xiéyīn
108:jargon
1736:(PDF)
872:zhong
837:Pears
806:Gifts
668:China
626:55555
501:héxié
495:- 河蟹
492:Hexie
1892:Puns
1868:2013
1839:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1770:2011
1744:2011
1666:ISBN
1639:2018
1543:2011
1518:2015
1492:2011
1466:2009
1429:ISBN
1408:2011
1381:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1290:ISBN
1242:2014
1113:武裝起義
1040:" ("
1019:bīng
1009:bīng
995:The
978:三元得路
968:三猿得鷺
777:随波逐流
387:chén
167:音義雙關
163:音义双关
131:一語雙關
127:一语双关
92:puns
54:zhōu
46:zhōu
1791:157
1718:164
1631:BBC
1150:平安夜
1131:).
1123:武起義
1121:or
1083:五七一
1036:向前看
1017:, "
1007:, "
970:" (
899:by
881:'送'
823:shi
815:*Si
783:Liu
681:'s
569:肏你媽
557:草泥馬
360:or
322:" (
271:" (
191:同音字
145:雙關語
141:双关语
32:溫州人
1883::
1760:.
1700:^
1680:^
1664:.
1662:11
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1443:^
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1253:^
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1152:;
1142:;
1140:蘋果
1125:;
1115:;
1089:;
1086:工程
1074:.
939:Fú
845:-
835:-
833:Lí
827:sa
794:bō
791:;
739:万里
706:,
702:瓶子
692:小平
607:3Q
597:88
572:;
560:;
554:-
535:;
532:代表
519:;
516:戴表
513:-
413:–
364:,
337:;
334:發財
331:恭喜
319:發財
313:髮菜
299:團圓
291:湯圓
268:生財
259:;
257:生菜
247:fú
199:.
193:;
183:;
181:諧音
179:;
177:谐音
169:;
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147:;
143:;
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1066:看
1063:錢
1060:向
1014:兵
1004:冰
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788:波
769:劉
766:逐
763:波
760:随
699:小
609:(
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310:(
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289:(
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52:/
50:粥
44:/
42:州
34:/
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