741:
without a struggle and listened to traitors Degong's small army would not act as a guard for the emperor. Huang Degong then said "I am willing to devote my life to you" after which the
Emperor resentfully said he could not rely on him as a minister. Then a group of Qing Han Chinese and Banner soldiers showed up in Wuhu to Huang Degong's camp on June 15 under Zhang Tianlu, the Guazhou garrison commander, bannermen from Dodo and general Liu Liangzuo. Huang Degong rejected their demand to turn over the Hongguang Emperor but Zhang Tianlu then shot an arrow into Huang's throat, killing him. Tian Xiong and Ma Deong, the brigade commanders under Huang Degong then defected to the Qing and gave General Liu the Hongguang Emperor. Hongguang was captured on May 28.
733:
48:
606:
592:
578:
564:
550:
628:
680:
538:
the military and political support of Ma
Shiying (馬士英). Many officers allied with the Donglin Movement preferred Zhu Changfang, Prince of Lu to succeed. On June 5 the Prince of Fu entered the city, the next day he accepted the title of "Protector of the State" (監國, sometimes translated as "Regent"), and on June 7 he moved into the imperial palace, where he received the insignia of his new office.
747:, Qing Prince of Yu, berated the Hongguang Emperor over his battle strategy, telling him that the Southern Ming would have defeated the Qing if only they had assaulted the Qing forces before they forded the Yellow river. The former Emperor could find no words to respond when he attempted to defend himself.
707:, including the influential officer Ma Shiying, and the pro-Donglin Movement party, including General Shi Kefa. Shi Kefa, who was sent to defend the area north of the Yangtze, could not depend on support from Ma Shiying. Even the generals in the front attacked each other for power and looted the civilians.
1571:
Depicted as a main character in the 2023 novel
Manistee Blood written by Lucas Hanson. He is a vampire named Fuba and was turned at the age of 21, and faked his death when the Qing forces captured him. After fleeing his royal lifestyle he becomes a pirate on the Yellow River, a Catholic Priest in the
695:
convinced reluctant members of the court to accept the enthronement. The Prince of Fu was officially crowned as emperor on June 19, 1644, under the protection of Ma
Shiying, who had arrived in Nanjing two days earlier with a large war fleet. It was decided that the next lunar year would be "the first
537:
In early June 1644, the court decided that the caretaker government would be centered around Zhu
Yousong, Prince of Fu, who was next in line for succession after the dead emperor's sons. When he arrived in the vicinity of Nanjing (he had come from his princedom in Henan), the Prince could count on
740:
The
Hongguang Emperor fled to Anhui on the Yangzi's southern bank at Tongling, joining Huang Degong at his military camp. Huang Degong told him that if he would've fought to the death in Nanjing then all the ministers would have followed his lead in fighting against the Qing, but now that he fled
504:
The news of the
Chongzhen Emperor's suicide was met with consternation when it reached Nanjing in mid May 1644. The highest officials in Nanjing soon met to deliberate about how to face the crisis. Since the fate of the official heir apparent was still unknown at the time, many thought it was too
700:. The Hongguang court proclaimed that its goal was "to ally with the Tartars to pacify the bandits" (聯虜平寇), that is, to seek co-operation with Qing military forces in order to annihilate rebel peasant militia led by Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong.
516:
emperors. The Tianqi
Emperor was sonless, and the three sons of the Chongzhen Emperor were missing. The successor can be only choose from uncles of the Chongzhen Emperor, which were brothers of the Taichang Emperor and other sons of the
529:'s father). Among these imperial uncles, Zhu Changxun was the eldest uncle, and Zhu Yousong was the eldest son of Zhu Changxun. As the imperial sons were missing, Zhu Yousong became the first in line to the succession.
2133:
525:, Prince of Fu was Wanli's 3rd son, Zhu Changhao, Prince of Rui was the 5th son, Zhu Changrun, Prince of Hui was the 6th son and the youngest was Zhu Changying, Prince of Gui (
2177:
467:'s forces invaded Luoyang, and Zhu managed to escape but his father was killed. He held his father's princely title in two years later. In 1644, he escaped again to
729:
city. On May 15, Minister Zhao Long, Wang Feng, Qian Xian surrendered to the Qing. As a result, Nanjing and a few other cities fell without a fight.
2097:
505:
early to proclaim a new emperor, but most agreed that an imperial figure was necessary to rally loyalist support for the Ming in the south.
2172:
2129:
1738:
2197:
722:
of the Qing spared his life and even offered Shi a position. Shi, however, remained loyal, so he refused the offer and was executed.
1649:
460:
in 1614 and later was granted the title "Commandery Prince of
Dechang" (德昌郡王). He was later designated as Hereditary Prince of Fu.
1868:
1733:
1548:, depicted the life under the Hongguang regime. The work has been adapted into various plays, including the televised 16-episode
2192:
759:, which ended his reign as the Southern Ming emperor. The last remnants of the Ming resistance were finally destroyed in 1662.
687:
Prodded by some court officials, the Prince of Fu immediately started to consider becoming
Emperor. Fearing confrontation with
2182:
2113:
2085:
2081:
1877:
1828:
55:
2187:
2157:
2073:
703:
The Hongguang regime had been plagued by political struggles from the beginning between the party which was formerly pro-
487:
together, and were on the same boat with Zhu Gonghao, Prince of Zhou and Zhu Cilun, Prince of Chong. On 25 April, the
1713:
17:
718:
also fell to the Qing army. General Shi Kefa, who defended Yangzhou, attempted suicide, survived, and was captured.
2077:
2069:
2212:
2152:
1686:
1659:
1702:
Struve, Lynn A. (1988), "Southern Ming", in Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis; Fairbank, John King (eds.),
2109:
1654:. Vol. 2 of Great Enterprise (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. pp. 572, 573.
1794:
95:
1861:
756:
433:
171:
1678:
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China, Volume 1
1651:
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China, Volume 1
2207:
2202:
736:
When the Manchu army approached Nanjing, no one defended the walls of the fugitive emperor's capital
725:
When the news reached Nanjing, the Hongguang Emperor, Ma Shiying and a few eunuchs fled in panic to
2061:
1928:
1918:
1777:
990:
755:
Hongguang was captured and sent to Beijing to face the Qing court. He was then executed in 1646 at
2053:
1727:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2057:
1854:
1703:
1676:
2089:
2065:
2049:
1539:
732:
2167:
2162:
1722:
8:
1158:
453:
175:
147:
1708:, Volume 7 of The Cambridge History of China, Cambridge University Press, p. 641,
1572:
Philippines, and a sailor among other careers. In current times he lives in Australia.
1974:
1816:
1709:
1682:
1655:
610:
513:
488:
220:
73:
1964:
1954:
1934:
876:
582:
554:
476:
422:
414:
392:
370:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1923:
1898:
1549:
850:
744:
353:
266:
1969:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1846:
596:
509:
191:
1726:
47:
2146:
2031:
2004:
1991:
1959:
1545:
931:
719:
704:
661:
643:
568:
518:
480:
472:
449:
418:
358:
322:
1885:
1820:
1786:
1755:
1045:
522:
445:
429:
349:
332:
310:
179:
151:
113:
77:
508:
From the perspective of pedigree, the Taichang Emperor had only two sons:
2026:
1602:
526:
289:
254:
2010:
1838:
1590:
688:
484:
464:
444:
Zhu Yousong was a member of Ming imperial family. He was eldest son of
88:
605:
591:
577:
563:
549:
2037:
2021:
2015:
1564:
683:
Map of the Southern Ming in November 1644 under the Hongguang's reign
627:
1705:
The Cambridge history of China: The Ming dynasty, 1368-1644, Part 1
715:
692:
697:
457:
317:
305:
679:
276:
Chutian Chengdao Chengjing Yingzhe Zuanwen Beiwu Xuanren Duxiao
711:
468:
400:
378:
809:
Palace Lady, of the Xu clan (宮人 徐氏), personal name Shuxiu (淑秀)
421:. He reigned briefly in southern China from 1644 to 1645. His
696:
year of the Hongguang reign" (弘光元年) with the capital city of
195:
1559:
726:
428:
In 1646, Zhu Yousong was captured and executed by the
249:
Hongguang (弘光): 28 January 1645 – 17 August 1645
1613:
This temple name was conferred by the Yongli Emperor
2178:
People executed by the Qing dynasty by decapitation
710:In 1645, the Qing army moved rapidly and captured
797:Lady of Selected Service, of the Mou clan (選侍 某氏)
773:Empress Xiaozhejian, of the Huang clan (孝哲坚皇后 黄氏)
2144:
1876:
1681:. University of California Press. p. 581.
1638:"明史新編 第十二章 第二節 南明政權的曇花一現" by 楊國楨, 傅衣凌, and 陳支平
714:. Subsequently, on 25 April of the same year,
1862:
791:Lady of Gentleness, of the Huang clan (淑女 黃氏)
36:
1634:
1632:
1630:
794:Lady of Gentleness, of the Guo clan (淑女 郭氏)
1869:
1855:
1601:This posthumous name was conferred by the
1544:, a historical drama completed in 1699 by
494:
46:
1739:United States Government Printing Office
1627:
776:Empress Xiaoyi, of the Li clan (孝义皇后 李氏)
731:
678:
456:. He followed his father to his fief at
167:Qing Shunzhi 3, 9th day of the 4th month
143:Ming Wanli 35, 15th day of the 7th month
1674:
1647:
532:
471:to seek asylum from his distant uncle,
14:
2145:
1721:
1701:
1589:This regnal name was conferred by the
1558:Portrayed by Lee Keun-hee in the 1981
1483:
1390:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1175:
1066:
1062:
1050:
948:
841:
837:
833:
800:Palace Lady, of the Zhang clan (宮人 張氏)
1850:
1532:
1480:
1470:
1458:
1448:
1444:
1432:
1430:
1420:
1408:
1398:
1394:
1378:
1376:
1366:
1354:
1344:
1340:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1304:
1294:
1290:
1265:
1255:
1243:
1233:
1229:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1193:
1183:
1179:
1163:
1157:
1147:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1109:
1106:
1096:
1084:
1074:
1070:
1044:
1034:
1021:
1011:
1007:
995:
989:
979:
966:
956:
952:
936:
930:
920:
907:
897:
893:
881:
875:
865:
849:
845:
803:Palace Lady, of the Wang clan (宮人 王氏)
779:Noble Consort, of the Jin clan (金貴妃)
1829:Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty
1734:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
691:and other supporters of the Prince,
499:
425:, "Hongguang", means "great light".
56:Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty
27:Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty
2173:People executed by the Ming dynasty
24:
25:
2224:
620:Zhu Changxun, Prince Zhong of Fu
2198:17th-century executions by China
626:
604:
590:
576:
562:
548:
475:, Prince of Lu (grandson of the
1668:
1641:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1159:Grand Empress Dowager Xiaoning
788:Consort, of the Chen clan (陳妃)
785:Consort, of the Wang clan (汪妃)
782:Consort, of the Tong clan (童妃)
405:
383:
13:
1:
2193:17th-century Chinese monarchs
2098:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1675:Wakeman, Frederic E. (1985).
1648:Wakeman, Frederic E. (1985).
1620:
1266:Hongguang Emperor (1607–1646)
654:Zhu Yiliu, Prince Jian of Lu
439:
2183:Executed people from Beijing
1878:Emperors of the Ming dynasty
387:; 1607–1646), personal name
7:
823:
434:Caishikou Execution Grounds
225:a prematurely dead daughter
172:Caishikou Execution Grounds
65:19 June 1644 – 15 June 1645
10:
2229:
2188:People murdered in Beijing
2158:Murdered emperors of China
1384:
1284:
1280:
1169:
1064:
1056:
942:
839:
835:
347:
2047:
1990:
1981:
1884:
1835:
1826:
1813:
1808:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1749:
1464:
1446:
1438:
1414:
1396:
1392:
1360:
1342:
1334:
1310:
1292:
1288:
1249:
1231:
1223:
1199:
1181:
1177:
1141:
1123:
1115:
1090:
1072:
1068:
1028:
1009:
1001:
973:
954:
950:
914:
895:
887:
859:
843:
762:
632:Zhu Yousong, Prince of Fu
483:). They later escaped to
396:
374:
338:
328:
316:
304:
295:
288:
272:
265:
260:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
229:
219:
202:
185:
157:
137:
133:
125:
120:
109:
101:
94:
84:
69:
61:
54:
45:
37:
32:
1576:
991:Empress Dowager Xiaoding
908:Empress Xiaoke (d. 1554)
750:
674:
542:Three choices for throne
448:, and a grandson of the
495:Accession to the throne
261:Emperor Sheng'an (聖安皇帝)
244:Era name and dates
2213:Deaths by decapitation
2153:Southern Ming emperors
1803:Merged into the Crown
1553:"Qinhuai Yanyu (秦淮煙雨)"
737:
684:
409:), childhood nickname
1723:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
1540:The Peach Blossom Fan
735:
682:
419:Southern Ming dynasty
190:Dongshantou Village,
533:Support of officials
413:(福八), was the first
1728:"Chu Yu-sung"
768:Consorts and Issue:
491:committed suicide.
454:Noble Consort Zheng
209:Empress Xiaozhejian
176:Shuntian Prefecture
148:Shuntian Prefecture
1533:In popular culture
967:Li Wei (1527–1583)
738:
685:
581:Zhu Changluo, the
479:and nephew of the
33:Hongguang Emperor
2208:Founding monarchs
2203:Executed monarchs
2140:
2139:
1845:
1844:
1836:Succeeded by
1817:Chongzhen Emperor
1529:
1528:
611:Chongzhen Emperor
609:Zhu Youjian, the
595:Zhu Youjiao, the
500:Chongzhen's death
489:Chongzhen Emperor
367:Hongguang Emperor
346:
345:
300:
299:
280:(處天承道誠敬英哲纘文備武宣仁度孝
239:Zhu Yousong (朱由崧)
121:Prince of Dechang
74:Chongzhen Emperor
18:Hongguang Emperor
16:(Redirected from
2220:
2016:Prince of Lu (魯)
2005:Prince of Lu (潞)
1985:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1814:Preceded by
1784:Preceded by
1772:
1765:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
877:Longqing Emperor
829:
828:
630:
608:
594:
583:Taichang Emperor
580:
566:
555:Longqing Emperor
553:Zhu Zaihou, the
552:
477:Longqing Emperor
407:
398:
385:
376:
231:
230:
164:
141:5 September 1607
50:
41:
40:
39:
30:
29:
21:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2043:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1880:
1875:
1841:
1832:
1824:
1798:
1790:
1778:Chinese royalty
1766:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1716:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1673:
1669:
1662:
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1637:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1550:Taiwanese opera
1535:
1530:
1107:Zheng Chengxian
851:Jiajing Emperor
826:
765:
753:
677:
672:
642:Zhu Changying,
567:Zhu Yijun, the
535:
502:
497:
442:
417:of the Chinese
363:
267:Posthumous name
215:
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146:
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35:
34:
28:
23:
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15:
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2013:
2008:
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1996:
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1972:
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1957:
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1911:
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1890:
1888:
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1839:Longwu Emperor
1837:
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1809:Regnal titles
1806:
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1791:
1789:, Prince Zhong
1785:
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1725:, ed. (1943).
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827:
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806:Ye Zimei (葉子眉)
804:
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798:
795:
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764:
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664:, Prince of Lu
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599:
597:Tianqi Emperor
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212:Empress Xiaoyi
210:
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192:Mengjin County
189:
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165:(aged 38)
159:
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145:(明萬曆三十五年七月十五日)
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89:Longwu Emperor
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71:
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43:
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26:
9:
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2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
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1998:
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1995:
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1992:Southern Ming
1989:
1976:
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1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
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1931:(Restoration)
1930:
1927:
1925:
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1715:0-521-24332-7
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1546:Kong Shangren
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964:
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946:
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939:
933:
932:Wanli Emperor
928:
927:
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923:
918:
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911:
905:
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723:
721:
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713:
708:
706:
705:Wei Zhongxian
701:
699:
694:
690:
681:
665:
663:
662:Zhu Changfang
659:
656:
655:
653:
650:
646:
645:
644:Prince of Gui
640:
637:
633:
629:
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622:
621:
619:
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612:
607:
603:
600:
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593:
589:
586:
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584:
579:
575:
572:
571:
570:
569:Wanli Emperor
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
551:
547:
546:
541:
540:
539:
530:
528:
524:
520:
519:Wanli Emperor
515:
511:
506:
492:
490:
486:
482:
481:Wanli Emperor
478:
474:
473:Zhu Changfang
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:Wanli Emperor
447:
437:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
402:
394:
390:
386:
380:
372:
368:
361:
360:
355:
351:
341:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
323:Southern Ming
321:
319:
315:
312:
309:
307:
303:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
259:
256:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
228:
224:
222:
218:
211:
208:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
160:
156:
153:
149:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
44:
31:
19:
2086:N. Dynasties
2082:S. Dynasties
1999:
1827:
1821:Ming dynasty
1802:
1795:Prince of Fu
1793:
1787:Zhu Changxun
1768:
1761:
1756:House of Zhu
1754:
1751:Zhu Yousong
1732:
1704:
1677:
1670:
1650:
1643:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1563:
1552:
1538:
1046:Zhu Changxun
815:
767:
766:
754:
743:
739:
724:
709:
702:
686:
660:
657:
651:
641:
638:
631:
623:
617:
601:
587:
573:
559:
536:
523:Zhu Changxun
507:
503:
462:
446:Zhu Changxun
443:
430:Qing dynasty
427:
410:
404:
388:
384:Hóngguāng Dì
382:
366:
364:
357:
350:Chinese name
333:Zhu Changxun
281:
277:
273:
180:Qing dynasty
169:(清順治三年四月初九日)
163:(1646-05-23)
152:Ming dynasty
114:Zhu Changxun
96:Prince of Fu
78:Ming dynasty
2168:1646 deaths
2163:1607 births
2078:16 Kingdoms
1161:(1565–1630)
1048:(1586–1641)
993:(1545–1614)
934:(1563–1620)
879:(1537–1572)
853:(1507–1567)
720:Prince Dodo
527:Zhu Youlang
406:Zhū Yóusōng
389:Zhu Yousong
354:family name
296:Anzong (安宗)
290:Temple name
255:Regnal name
161:23 May 1646
110:Predecessor
70:Predecessor
2147:Categories
2070:3 Kingdoms
2040:(doubtful)
1833:1644–1645
1799:1643–1644
1688:0520048040
1661:0520048040
1621:References
1562:TV Series
816:A daughter
689:Ma Shiying
465:Li Zicheng
440:Early life
2000:Hongguang
1975:Chongzhen
1565:Daemyeong
1022:Lady Wang
757:Caishikou
514:Chongzhen
463:In 1641,
129:1617–1643
105:1643–1644
85:Successor
2034:(regent)
2018:(regent)
2007:(regent)
1965:Taichang
1955:Longqing
1935:Chenghua
1929:Yingzong
1919:Yingzong
1555:in 2001.
1481:Lady Yao
824:Ancestry
812:Unknown
716:Yangzhou
693:Shi Kefa
423:era name
348:In this
342:Lady Yao
1950:Jiajing
1945:Zhengde
1940:Hongzhi
1924:Jingtai
1899:Jianwen
698:Nanjing
485:Huai'an
458:Luoyang
432:at the
415:emperor
393:Chinese
371:Chinese
318:Dynasty
274:Emperor
2110:W. Xia
2038:Dingwu
2032:Dongwu
2027:Yongli
2022:Shaowu
2011:Longwu
1970:Tianqi
1914:Xuande
1909:Hongxi
1904:Yongle
1894:Hongwu
1767:
1712:
1685:
1658:
763:Family
712:Suzhou
510:Tianqi
469:Weihui
403::
401:pinyin
395::
381::
379:pinyin
373::
352:, the
339:Mother
329:Father
203:Spouse
186:Burial
126:Tenure
102:Tenure
2054:Shang
1960:Wanli
1769:Died:
1762:Born:
1577:Notes
1542:(桃花扇)
751:Death
675:Reign
306:House
234:Names
221:Issue
196:Henan
62:Reign
2126:Qing
2122:Ming
2118:Yuan
2106:Song
2102:Liao
2094:Tang
2058:Zhou
1886:Ming
1771:1646
1764:1607
1710:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1560:KBS1
745:Dodo
727:Wuhu
512:and
452:and
411:Fuba
365:The
278:Jian
158:Died
138:Born
2134:PRC
2130:ROC
2114:Jīn
2090:Sui
2074:Jìn
2066:Han
2062:Qin
2050:Xia
397:朱由崧
375:弘光帝
359:Zhu
356:is
311:Zhu
282:簡皇帝
38:弘光帝
2149::
2132:/
2128:→
2124:→
2120:→
2116:→
2112:/
2108:/
2104:/
2100:→
2096:→
2092:→
2088:→
2084:/
2080:→
2076:/
2072:→
2068:→
2064:→
2060:→
2056:→
2052:→
1737:.
1731:.
1629:^
521:.
436:.
399:;
377:;
194:,
178:,
174:,
150:,
1984:明
1870:e
1863:t
1856:v
1823:)
1819:(
1741:.
1691:.
1664:.
1568:.
658:1
652:4
639:7
624:1
618:3
602:5
588:1
574:1
560:3
391:(
369:(
362:.
284:)
80:)
76:(
20:)
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