Horace Greeley - Knowledge

815:, a Democrat, of New York's 6th district was unseated for election fraud. Jackson's term was to expire in March 1849 but, during the 19th century, Congress convened annually in December, making it important to fill the seat. Under the laws then in force, the Whig committee from the Sixth District chose Greeley to run in the special election for the remainder of the term, though they did not select him as their candidate for the seat in the following Congress. The Sixth District, or Sixth Ward as it was commonly called, was mostly Irish-American, and Greeley proclaimed his support for Irish efforts towards independence from the 1194:

carry crucial battleground states such as Pennsylvania. Greeley's estrangement from Seward was not widely known, giving the editor more credibility. Greeley (and Seward) biographer Glyndon G. Van Deusen noted that it is uncertain how great a part Greeley played in Seward's defeat by Lincoln—he had little success gaining delegates for Bates. On the first two ballots, Seward led Lincoln, but on the second only by a small margin. After the third ballot, on which Lincoln was nominated, Greeley was seen among the Oregon delegation, a broad smile on his face. According to Pulitzer Prize-winning historian

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improvement, and freedom, while calling for harmony between labor and capital. Greeley's editorials promoted social democratic reforms and were widely reprinted. They influenced the free-labor ideology of the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party, especially in promoting the free-labor ideology. Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform. but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe. To promote multiple reforms Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right, including

1704:, founded on opposition to President Grant, opposition to corruption, and support of civil service reform, lower taxes, and land reform. He gathered around him an eclectic group of supporters whose only real link was their opposition to Grant, whose administration had proved increasingly corrupt. The party needed a candidate, with a presidential election upcoming. Greeley was one of the best-known Americans, as well as being a perennial candidate for office. He was more minded to consider a run for the Republican nomination, fearing the effect on the 1206:, hoping voters would defeat incumbents and the new legislators would elect him to the Senate when Seward's term expired in 1861. (Before 1913, senators were elected by state legislatures.) But his main activity during the campaign of 1860 was boosting Lincoln and denigrating the other presidential candidates. He made it clear that a Republican administration would not interfere with slavery where it already was and denied that Lincoln was in favor of voting rights for African Americans. He kept up the pressure until Lincoln was elected in November. 1602: 228: 2033: 1955:

the wealth pouring from its farms and furnaces ... For through his faith in the American future, a faith expressed in his ceaseless efforts to make real the promise of America, he inspired others with hope and confidence, making them feel that their dreams also had the substance of realty. It is his faith, and theirs that has given him his place in American history. In that faith he still marches among us, scolding and benevolent, exhorting us to confidence and to victory in the great struggles of our own day.

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Greeley urged new immigrants to buy guide books on the West, and Congress to make public lands available for purchase at cheap rates to settlers. He told his readers, "Fly, scatter through the country, go to the Great West, anything rather than remain here ... the West is the true destination." In 1838, he advised "any young man" about to start in the world, "Go to the West: there your capabilities are sure to be appreciated and your energy and industry rewarded."

2049: 5620: 5640: 5630: 4723: 1846: 1743: 622: 455:, but the Greeleys did not want to accept charity. In 1820, Zaccheus's financial reverses caused him to flee New Hampshire with his family lest he be imprisoned for debt, and settle in Vermont. Even as his father struggled to make a living as a hired hand, Horace Greeley read everything he could—the Greeleys had a neighbor who let Horace use his library. In 1822, Horace ran away from home to become a 653:, which, with a circulation of about 55,000, had more readers than its combined competition. As technology advanced, it became cheaper and easier to publish a newspaper, and the daily press came to dominate the weekly, which had once been the more common format for news periodicals. Greeley borrowed money from friends to get started, and published the first issue of the 1063:, which continued for over a decade, covering 500 articles. Greeley felt compelled to print, "Mr. Marx has very decided opinions of his own, with some of which we are far from agreeing, but those who do not read his letters are neglecting one of the most instructive sources of information on the great questions of current European politics." 1773:

states that had elections for other offices in September and October presaged defeat for Greeley, and so it proved. He received 2,834,125 votes to 3,597,132 for Grant, who secured 286 electors to 66 for Greeley. The editor-turned-candidate won only six states (out of 37): Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Tennessee and Texas.

546:, eschewing meat, alcohol, coffee, tea, and spices, as well as abstaining from the use of tobacco. Greeley was subscribing to Graham's principles at the time, and to the end of his life rarely ate meat. Mary Cheney, a schoolteacher, moved to North Carolina to take a teaching job in 1835. They were married in 597:, and also wrote many of the pro-Harrison songs that marked the campaign. These songs were sung at mass meetings, many organized and led by Greeley. According to biographer Robert C. Williams, "Greeley's lyrics swept the country and roused Whig voters to action." Funds raised by Weed helped distribute the 1253:

If the Cotton States shall become satisfied that they can do better out of the Union than in it, we insist on letting them go in peace. The right to secede may be a revolutionary one, but it exists nevertheless.... And whenever a considerable section of our Union shall deliberately resolve to go out,

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and may have coined its name. Greeley attended the first New York state Republican Convention in 1854 and was disappointed not to be nominated either for governor or lieutenant governor. The switch in parties coincided with the end of two of his longtime political alliances: in December 1854, Greeley

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Horace Greeley's views on Virginia: and what he knows about the South, slave-breeding, mixed schools, miscegenation, making sectional war, Kansas and the South, favoring secession, letting "the erring sisters go, "confiscation, rapine, and ravage, slave insurrections, supporting General Butler's New

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strongly supported his removal, attacking Johnson as "an aching tooth in the national jaw, a screeching infant in a crowded lecture room," and declaring, "There can be no peace or comfort till he is out." Nevertheless, the president was acquitted by the Senate, much to Greeley's disappointment. Also

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In 1853, with the party increasingly divided over the slavery issue, Greeley printed an editorial disclaiming the paper's identity as Whig and declaring it to be nonpartisan. He was confident that the paper would not suffer financially, trusting in reader loyalty. Some in the party were not sorry to

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published evidence that many congressmen had been paid excessive sums as travel allowance. In January 1849, Greeley supported a bill that would have corrected the issue, but it was defeated. He was so disliked, he wrote a friend, that he had "divided the House into two parties—one that would like to

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In the first issue, Greeley promised that his newspaper would be a "new morning Journal of Politics, Literature, and General Intelligence". New Yorkers were not initially receptive; the first week's receipts were $ 92 and expenses $ 525. The paper was sold for a cent a copy by newsboys who purchased

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Horace Greeley's views on Virginia: and what he knows about the South, slave-breeding, mixed schools, miscegenation, making sectional war, Kansas and the South, favoring secession, letting "the erring sisters go,"confiscation, rapine, and ravage, slave insurrections, supporting General Butler's New

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because of his interest in covering working-class society and politics, attacked monopolies of all sorts, and rejected land grants to railroads. Industry would make everyone rich, he insisted, as he promoted high tariffs. He supported vegetarianism, opposed liquor, and paid serious attention to any

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Greeley's wife Mary had returned ill from a trip to Europe in late June. Her condition worsened in October, and he effectively broke off campaigning after October 12 to be with her. She died on October 30, plunging him into despair a week before the election. Poor results for the Democrats in those

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for the campaign, and, unusually for the time, embarked on a speaking tour to bring his message to the people. As it was customary for candidates for major office not to actively campaign, he was attacked as a seeker after office. Nevertheless, in late July, Greeley (and others, such as former Ohio

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Seward's forces made Greeley a target of their anger at the senator's defeat. One subscriber cancelled, regretting the three-cent stamp he had to use on the letter; Greeley supplied a replacement. When he was attacked in print, Greeley responded in kind. He launched a campaign against corruption in

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Greeley attended the convention as a substitute for Oregon delegate Leander Holmes, who was unable to attend. In Chicago, he promoted Bates but deemed his cause hopeless and felt that Seward would be nominated. In conversations with other delegates, he predicted that, if nominated, Seward could not

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Other legislation introduced by Greeley, all of which failed, included attempts to end flogging in the Navy and to ban alcohol from its ships. He tried to change the name of the United States to "Columbia", abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, and increase tariffs. One lasting effect of the

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More significant still was the service that Greeley performed as a result of his faith in his country and his countrymen, his belief in infinite American progress. For all his faults and shortcomings, Greeley symbolized an America that, though often shortsighted and misled, was never suffocated by

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Greeley's view of freedom was based in the desire that all should have the opportunity to better themselves. According to his biographer, Erik S. Lunde, "a dedicated social reformer deeply sympathetic to the treatment of poor white males, slaves, free blacks, and white women, he still espoused the

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and a policy of general backing of the Lincoln administration, even having kind words to say about Secretary Seward, his old foe. He was supportive even during the military defeats of the first year of the war. Late in 1861, he proposed to Lincoln through an intermediary that the president provide

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elected in his place, while the anti-Seward forces in New York gathered around Greeley. The crucial battleground was the Republican caucus, as the party held the majority in the legislature. Greeley's forces did not have enough votes to send him to the Senate, but they had enough strength to block

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editorials took a hard line on the South, opposing concessions. Williams concludes that "for a brief moment, Horace Greeley had believed that peaceful secession might be a form of freedom preferable to civil war". This brief flirtation with disunion would have consequences for Greeley—it was used

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set a new standard in American journalism by its combination of energy in newsgathering with good taste, high moral standards, and intellectual appeal. Police reports, scandals, dubious medical advertisements, and flippant personalities were barred from its pages; the editorials were vigorous but

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and otherwise undermine the Union war effort, but they played along when Greeley journeyed to Niagara Falls, at Lincoln's request. The president was willing to consider any deal that included reunion and emancipation. The Confederates had no credentials and were unwilling to accompany Greeley to

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complained to her husband that Lincoln had made it seem "that the mere keeping together a number of states is more important than human freedom." Greeley felt Lincoln had not truly answered him, "but I'll forgive him everything if he'll issue the proclamation". When Lincoln did, on September 22,

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Greeley was an eclectic and unsystematic thinker, a one-man switchboard for the international cause of "Reform." He committed himself, all at once, to utopian and artisan socialism, to land, sexual, and dietary reform, and, of course, to anti-slavery. Indeed Greeley's great significance in the

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was that the unemployed of the cities should seek lives in the developing American West (in the 1830s, the West encompassed today's Midwestern states). The harsh winter of 1836–1837 and the financial crisis that developed soon after made many New Yorkers homeless and destitute. In his journal,

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Nevertheless, Greeley's effectiveness as a reformer was undermined by his idiosyncrasies: according to Williams, he "must have looked like an apparition, a man of eccentric habits dressed in an old linen coat that made him look like a farmer who came into town for supplies". Van Deusen wrote,

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was urging in its editorials. This was a change in Greeley's thinking which began after First Manassas, a shift from preservation of the Union being the primary war purpose to wanting the war to end slavery. By March, the only action against slavery that Lincoln had backed was a proposal for

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The Democrats, when they met in Baltimore in July, faced a stark choice: nominate Greeley, long a thorn in their side, or split the anti-Grant vote and go on to certain defeat. They chose the former, and even adopted the Liberal Republican platform, which called for equal rights for African

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Greeley sponsored a host of reforms, including pacifism and feminism and especially the ideal of the hard-working free laborer. Greeley demanded reforms to make all citizens free and equal. He envisioned virtuous citizens who would eradicate corruption. He talked endlessly about progress,

1739:) thought he would very likely be elected. Greeley campaigned on a platform of intersectional reconciliation, arguing that the war was over and the issue of slavery was resolved. He asserted that it was time to restore normalcy and end the continuing military occupation of the South. 830:

that would allow settlers who improved land to purchase it at low rates—a fourth of what speculators would pay. He was quickly noticed because he launched a series of attacks on legislative privileges, taking note of which congressmen were missing votes, and questioning the office of

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in partnership with Jonas Winchester. It was less expensive than other literary magazines of the time and published both contemporary ditties and political commentary. Circulation reached 9,000, then a sizable number, yet it was ill-managed and eventually fell victim to the economic

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By early 1862, however, Greeley was again sometimes critical of the administration, frustrated by the failure to win decisive military victories, and perturbed at the president's slowness to commit to the emancipation of the slaves once the Confederacy was defeated, something the

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Washington under safe conduct. Greeley returned to New York, and the episode, when it became public, embarrassed the administration. Lincoln said nothing publicly concerning Greeley's credulous conduct, but he privately indicated that he had no confidence in him anymore.

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virtues of self-help and free enterprise". Van Deusen stated: "His genuine human sympathies, his moral fervor, even the exhibitionism that was a part of his makeup, made it inevitable that he should crusade for a better world. He did so with apostolic zeal."

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The Kansas–Nebraska Act helped destroy the Whig Party, but a new party with opposition to the spread of slavery at its heart had been under discussion for some years. Beginning in 1853, Greeley participated in the discussions that led to the founding of the

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were merged. With an initial subscription price of $ 2 a year, this was sent to many across the United States by mail and was especially popular in the Midwest. In December 1841, Greeley was offered the editorship of the national Whig newspaper, the

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led, but Greeley took a narrow lead on a revised second ballot. Adams then retook the lead, but on the sixth ballot, after a "spontaneous" demonstration staged by Reid, Greeley gained the nomination, with Brown as the vice presidential candidate.

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In late 1831, Greeley went to New York City to seek his fortune. There were many young printers in New York who had likewise come to the metropolis, and he could only find short-term work. In 1832, Greeley worked as an employee of the publication

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the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do

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usually temperate; the political news was the most exact in the city; book reviews and book-extracts were numerous; and as an inveterate lecturer Greeley gave generous space to lectures. The paper appealed to substantial and thoughtful people.

8551: 1178:, an opponent of the spread of slavery who had freed his own slaves. In his newspaper, in speeches, and in conversation, Greeley pushed Bates as a man who could win the North and even make inroads in the South. Nevertheless, when one of the 470:. There, he learned the mechanics of a printer's job, and acquired a reputation as the town encyclopedia, reading his way through the local library. When the paper closed in 1830, the young man went west to join his family, living near 1489:

applauded slightly. In August, fearing a Democratic victory and acceptance of the Confederacy, Greeley engaged in a plot to get a new convention to nominate another candidate, with Lincoln withdrawing. The plot came to nothing. Once

1769:—broke in September, but Greeley was unable to take advantage of the Grant administration's ties to the scandal as he had stock in the railroad himself, and some alleged it had been given to him in exchange for favorable coverage. 447:

Greeley was the son of poor farmers Zaccheus and Mary (Woodburn) Greeley. Zaccheus was not successful, and moved his family several times, as far west as Pennsylvania. Horace attended the local schools and was a brilliant student.

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the establishment of settlements called "phalanxes" with a given number of people from various walks of life, who would function as a corporation and among whose members profits would be shared. Greeley, in addition to promoting

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urged Greeley to use his influence to gain her husband's release. In May 1867, a Richmond judge set bail for the former Confederate president at $ 100,000 (~$ 1.79 million in 2023). Greeley was among those who signed the

1152:—the first newspaper interview Young had given. Greeley encountered Native Americans and was sympathetic but, like many of his time, deemed Indian culture inferior. In California, he toured widely and gave many addresses. 1453:

In August 1863, Greeley was requested by a firm of Hartford publishers to write a history of the war. Greeley agreed, and over the next eight months he penned a 600-page volume, which would be the first of two, entitled

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for development of the country. Greeley was one of the first newspaper editors to have a full-time correspondent in Washington, an innovation quickly followed by his rivals. Part of Greeley's strategy was to make the

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eleven days later. Greeley had stopped over in Washington, D.C., on his way south to observe Congress. He took no honeymoon with his new wife, returning to work while his wife took up a teaching job in New York City.

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headed its editorial columns each day, in large capital letters: "No compromise!/No concession to traitors!/The Constitution as it is!" Greeley attended the inauguration, sitting close to Senator Douglas, as the

1899:"Greeley's effectiveness as a crusader was limited by some of his traits and characteristics. Culturally deficient, he was to the end ignorant of his own limitations, and this ignorance was a great handicap." 5041: 729:

Greeley, in his paper, initially supported the Whig program. As divisions between Clay and President Tyler became apparent, he supported the Kentucky senator and looked to a Clay nomination for president in

912:. Greeley opposed both the war and the expansion of slavery into the new territories seized from Mexico and feared Taylor would support expansion as president. Greeley considered endorsing former President 4382:

Essays Designed to Elucidate The Science of Political Economy, While Serving To Explain and Defend The Policy of Protection to Home Industry, As a System of National Cooperation For True Elevation of Labor

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noted Greeley's eccentric dress, "That poor white hat! If, alas, it covered many weaknesses, it covered also much strength, much real kindness and benevolence, and much that the world will be better for".

1017:(who was by then senator after serving as governor) and himself was ended "by the withdrawal of the junior partner". Greeley was angered over patronage disputes and felt that Seward was courting the rival 1222:, who had already received several votes, and who was chosen by the caucus and elected by the legislature in February 1861. Weed was content to have blocked the editor, and stated that he had "paid the 1988:

alleged that the phrase was "attached to the editor erroneously" and, according to his biographer Williams, Greeley probably did not coin it. There are many tales regarding its origination: minister

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Although he remained on cordial terms with Senator Seward, Greeley never seriously considered supporting him in his bid for the Republican nomination for president. Instead, during the run-up to the

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pushed hard for universal male suffrage and civil rights for freedmen. Greeley ran for Congress in 1866 but lost badly. He ran for Senate in the legislative election held in early 1867 but lost to

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was not only solidly established in New York as a daily paper, it was highly influential nationally through its weekly edition, which circulated in rural areas and small towns. Journalist

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Greeley, who had met his wife at a Graham boarding house, became enthusiastic about other social movements that did not last and promoted them in his paper. He subscribed to the views of

799:, was associated with two such settlements, both of which eventually failed, though the town that eventually developed on the site of the one in Pennsylvania was after his death renamed 8501: 757:, for which she wrote over 200 articles. She lived with the Greeley family for several years, and when she moved to Italy, he made her a foreign correspondent. He promoted the work of 8027: 5032: 885:

could mold public opinion through Greeley's editorials more effectively than could the president. Greeley sharpened those skills over time, laying down what future Secretary of State

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in 1868, Greeley sought the Republican nomination for governor but was frustrated by the Conkling forces. Greeley supported the successful Republican presidential nominee, General

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culture and politics of Civil War-era America stemmed from his attempt to accommodate intellectually the contradictions inherent in the many diverse reform movements of the time.

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urged magnanimity towards the defeated Confederates, arguing that making martyrs of Confederate leaders would only inspire future rebels. This talk of moderation ceased when

1190:, Greeley urged his readers to go hear Lincoln, and was among those who accompanied him to the platform. Greeley thought of Lincoln as a possible nominee for vice president. 8546: 7472: 1950:. Greeley Square, at Broadway and 33rd Street, was named by the New York City Common Council in a vote after Greeley's death. Van Deusen concluded his biography of Greeley: 8451: 4659: 1399:

Greeley hailed the Emancipation Proclamation as a "great boon of Freedom". According to Williams, "Lincoln's war for Union was now also Greeley's war for emancipation."

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he had composed, and Greeley was told of it the same day the prayer was printed. In his letter, Greeley demanded action on emancipation and strict enforcement of the

3804: 272:. He was apprenticed to a printer in Vermont and went to New York City in 1831 to seek his fortune. He wrote for or edited several publications, involved himself in 7979: 7974: 1696:

As had been the case for much of the 19th century, political parties continued to be formed and to vanish after the Civil War. In September 1871, Missouri Senator

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on April 10, 1841—the day of a memorial parade in New York for President Harrison, who had died after a month in office and been replaced by Vice President Tyler.

1450:, and 150 soldiers kept the building secure. Mary Greeley and her children were at the farm in Chappaqua; a mob threatened them but dispersed without doing harm. 408:—some of his biographers, such as Mitchell Snay, maintain that this condition would account for his eccentric behaviors in later life. His father's family was of 4107: 3944: 1485:

that Lincoln could not be elected to a second term. Nevertheless, no candidate made a serious challenge to Lincoln, and Lincoln was nominated in June, which the

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Adam-Max Tuchinsky, "'The Bourgeoisie Will Fall and Fall Forever': The New-York Tribune, the 1848 French Revolution, and American Social Democratic Discourse."

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in 1869 and the House of Representatives in 1870, losing both times. In 1870, President Grant offered Greeley the post of minister to Santo Domingo (today, the

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in September 1862. In July 1864, Greeley received word that there were Confederate commissioners in Canada, empowered to offer peace. In fact, the men were in

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we shall resist all coercive measures designed to keep it in. We hope never to live in a republic whereof one section is pinned to the residue by bayonets.

920:, but finally endorsed Taylor, who was elected; the editor was rewarded for his loyalty with the congressional term. Greeley vacillated on support for the 4773: 1816: 1812: 1036:

structures in the United States. In 1856, Greeley published a campaign biography by an anonymous author for the first Republican presidential candidate,

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Ronald White writes, "No one summed up Greeley's strength and weakness better than Grant, who wrote a friend, 'He is a genius without common sense'".

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bundles of papers at a discount. The price of advertising was initially four cents a line but was quickly raised to six cents. Through the 1840s, the

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The fact that Lincoln was planning to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation suggests that he had already chosen the third of these options.

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in New York for the 1834 campaign, and came to believe in its positions, including free markets with government assistance in developing the nation.

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Greeley supported liberal policies towards the fast-growing western regions; he memorably advised the ambitious to "Go West, young man." He hired

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The Liberal Republican national convention met in Cincinnati in May 1872. Greeley was spoken of as a possible candidate, as was Missouri Governor

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His death came before the Electoral College balloted. His 66 electoral votes were divided among four others, principally Indiana governor-elect

7774: 6821: 5669: 1984:, and grow up with the country" and its variants is uncertain, though Greeley popularized it and he is closely associated with the phrase. The 992:, Greeley was part of efforts to send free-state settlers there, and to arm them. In return, proponents of slavery recognized Greeley and the 8521: 8456: 4733: 1789:

on November 13 (a week after the election), he remained under medical care. At the recommendation of a family physician, Greeley was sent to

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Adam-Max Tuchinsky, "'Her Cause Against Herself': Margaret Fuller, Emersonian Democracy, and the Nineteenth-Century Public Intellectual."

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reached 300,000 subscribers through the weekly edition, and it would continue as the foremost American newspaper through the years of the

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in New York, donated by the Tribune Association. Cast in 1890, it was not dedicated until 1916. A second statue of Greeley is located in

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for the freedman. When Congress convened in December 1865, and gradually took control of Reconstruction, he was generally supportive, as

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Throughout the war, Greeley played with ideas as to how to settle it. In 1862, Greeley had approached the French minister to Washington,

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policies, Greeley soon became disillusioned, as the president's plan allowed the quick formation of state governments without securing

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should he bolt the party. Nevertheless, he wanted to be president, as a Republican if possible, and if not, as a Liberal Republican.

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Greeley did not initially support Lincoln for nomination in 1864, casting about for other candidates. In February, he wrote in the

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was initially in favor of peaceful separation, with the South becoming a separate nation. According to an editorial on November 9:

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but quickly learned that a movement to unseat him was underway. He found himself unable to sleep, and after a final visit to the

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was four pages, that is, a single sheet folded. It initially had 600 subscribers and 5,000 copies were sold of the first issue.

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was named after him. He served as treasurer and lent Meeker money to keep the colony afloat. In 1871, Greeley published a book

1526:. After the rebel leader was caught, Greeley initially advocated that "punishment be meted out in accord with a just verdict". 55: 4329: 4226: 8526: 8466: 7964: 7629: 5559: 4350: 4300: 4279: 4117: 3496: 1801:. There, he continued to worsen, and he died on November 29, with his two surviving daughters and Whitelaw Reid at his side. 1267: 1762: 1636:

joined the staff as an editorial writer. Greeley soon pronounced Hay the most brilliant at that craft ever to write for the

1128:, Greeley took one of the first stagecoaches to Denver, seeing the town then in course of formation as a mining camp of the 8326: 5865: 1355:

correspondent, "What in the world is the matter with Uncle Horace? Why can't he restrain himself and wait a little while?"

1334:. Lincoln eagerly accepted, "having him firmly behind me will be as helpful to me as an army of one hundred thousand men." 4216: 1373:

Lincoln's reply would become famous, much more so than the prayer that provoked it. "My paramount object in this struggle

253:. Long active in politics, he served briefly as a congressman from New York and was the unsuccessful candidate of the new 8255: 8183: 8119: 8061: 7639: 6612: 6592: 6572: 6552: 6532: 6512: 6492: 6472: 6452: 6432: 6412: 6392: 6372: 6347: 6327: 6307: 6287: 6267: 6247: 6227: 6207: 6187: 6167: 6147: 6127: 6107: 6087: 6067: 6047: 6034: 6021: 6008: 5995: 5982: 5969: 5956: 5943: 5930: 5917: 5904: 5891: 5852: 5839: 5826: 5813: 5800: 5787: 5774: 5539: 5381: 5010: 4963: 4942: 1171: 1161: 8491: 8476: 5549: 4937: 4508: 4412:

Eminent Women of the Age; Being Narratives of the Lives and Deeds of the Most Prominent Women of the Present Generation

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Greeley's prodding of Lincoln culminated in a letter to him on August 19, 1862, reprinted on the following day in the

515:, which was not a success. Despite this failure and its attendant financial loss, Greeley published the thrice-weekly 7714: 4683: 4182: 3798: 1831:

employees including Reid and Hay, his journalistic rivals, and a broad array of politicians, led by President Grant.

1811:

Although Greeley had requested a simple funeral, his daughters ignored his wishes and arranged a grand affair at the

1644: 1436: 1098: 478:. Although ambitious for greater things, he remained until 1831 to help support his father. While there, he became a 378: 4528: 1317:, where it was soundly beaten. The defeat threw Greeley into despair, and he may have suffered a nervous breakdown. 1305:, became the watchword of the newspaper as Greeley urged the occupation of the rebel capital of Richmond before the 996:

as adversaries, stopping shipments of the paper to the South and harassing local agents. Nevertheless, by 1858, the

8531: 8115: 8055: 7934: 7866: 7823: 7330: 6785: 6685: 5685: 4810: 3745: 3721: 1511: 1210: 1009: 374: 243:(February 3, 1811 – November 29, 1872) was an American newspaper editor and publisher who was the founder and 178: 3698: 1853:

Despite the venom that had been spewed over him in the presidential campaign, Greeley's death was widely mourned.

844:

term of Congressman Greeley was his friendship with a fellow Whig, serving his only term in the House, Illinois's

227: 8471: 7734: 7679: 7644: 7514: 6720: 1116:. He also planned to give speeches to promote the Republican Party. In May 1859, he went to Chicago, and then to 738:, though Greeley worked hard on Clay's behalf. Greeley had taken positions in opposition to slavery as editor of 699: 8393: 7754: 7719: 7634: 7624: 7584: 7275: 6655: 5735: 4973: 4853: 4817: 3790:

The New York City Draft Riots: Their Significance for American Society and Politics in the Age of the Civil War

1753:

The Republican counterattack was well financed, accusing Greeley of support for everything from treason to the

1029: 746:

to the United States. In the 1840s, Greeley became an increasingly vocal opponent of the expansion of slavery.

8341: 8005: 7724: 7684: 7674: 7669: 7192: 6714: 6708: 6667: 1577: 1494:

by Union forces on September 3, Greeley became a fervent supporter of Lincoln. Greeley was gratified by both

1288: 474:. He remained there only briefly, going from town to town seeking newspaper employment, and was hired by the 327: 734:. However, when Clay was nominated by the Whigs, he was defeated by the Democrat, former Tennessee governor 8333: 7902: 7709: 7599: 7544: 7499: 7423: 6691: 6679: 6673: 6649: 4886: 1928: 1922: 1394:

believe it would help to save the Union." Lincoln's statement angered abolitionists; William Seward's wife

4639:

Trumpets of Jubilee: Henry Ward Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lyman Beecher, Horace Greeley, P.T. Barnum

582:. In 1839, Greeley worked for several journals, and took a month-long break to go as far west as Detroit. 8289: 8232: 7529: 7504: 6661: 6641: 5077: 3965:

Winders, Gertrude Hecker, "Horace Greeley: Newspaperman," The John Day Company, New York, 1962, page 143.

1309:

could meet on July 20. In part because of the public pressure, in mid July Lincoln sent the half-trained

707:

a newspaper of national scope, not merely local. One factor in establishing the paper nationally was the

1458:. The books were very successful, selling a total of 225,000 copies by 1870, a large sale for the time. 698:, who had unsuccessfully sought the presidential nomination that fell to Harrison, and supported Clay's 7929: 7689: 7664: 7569: 7534: 7365: 6738: 6732: 6726: 1840: 835:. This was enough to make him unpopular. But he outraged his colleagues when on December 22, 1848, the 574:. He hired Greeley as editor of the state Whig newspaper for the upcoming campaign. The newspaper, the 532: 433: 343: 273: 172: 1362:

as "The Prayer of Twenty Millions". By this time, Lincoln had informed his Cabinet of the preliminary

1108:

In 1859, Greeley traveled across the continent to see the West for himself, to write about it for the

8168: 7994: 7922: 7659: 7614: 7604: 7589: 7579: 7564: 7519: 7509: 5912: 4989: 4968: 4788: 4001: 2714: 1939: 1716: 1518:. Many concluded that Lincoln had fallen as the result of a final rebel plot, and the new president, 1440: 1428: 1363: 1287:

regretted the loss of the fort, but applauded the fact that war to subdue the rebels, who formed the

1113: 644: 547: 539: 441: 291:, which he saw as a land of opportunity for the young and the unemployed. He popularized the slogan " 200: 103: 4448:

Downey, Matthew T. "Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872,"

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Restored to health by two weeks at the farm he had purchased in Chappaqua, Greeley returned to the

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As the president and Congress battled, Greeley remained firmly opposed to the president, and when

1370:. Lincoln must "fight slavery with liberty", and not fight "wolves with the devices of a sheep." 8421: 7808: 7619: 7559: 7489: 6879: 6769: 6744: 4923: 4879: 4554: 4462:(New York University Press, 2007): discussion of Greeley and the two memorials to him in New York 1914: 1798: 1790: 1671: 981: 957: 881:

deemed its influence in the Midwest second only to that of the Bible. According to Williams, the

452: 330:, where he angered many by investigating Congress in his newspaper. In 1854, he helped found the 148: 4368:

The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860–64

3975: 1198:, "it is hard to imagine Lincoln letting Greeley's resentment smolder for years as Seward did". 1037: 944:, a Whig organ, mocked Greeley and his beliefs: "If a party is to be built up and maintained on 8236: 7838: 7833: 7694: 7574: 7539: 7205: 6038: 6012: 5999: 5951: 5947: 5834: 5795: 5309: 5269: 5159: 4613: 1865: 1766: 1470: 590: 507:. He built his resources and set up a print shop in that year. In 1833, he tried his hand with 421: 405: 401: 394: 277: 269: 131: 3788: 3285: 924:, which gave victories to both sides of the slavery issue, before finally opposing it. In the 7699: 7654: 7554: 7270: 6211: 6191: 6171: 6151: 6095: 1870: 1715:. Schurz was ineligible, being foreign-born. On the first ballot, former minister to Britain 1347:

that had remained loyal to the Union, though he signed legislation abolishing slavery in the

1302: 1280: 1072: 1048: 800: 4747: 4743: 1749:

cartoon for the 1872 campaign, alleging that Greeley was contradicting his earlier positions

860: 8511: 8431: 8426: 8213: 7335: 7076: 5877: 5860: 5347: 4999: 4103: 4071:

Bonner, Thomas N. (December 1951). "Horace Greeley and the Secession Movement, 1860–1861".

1712: 1420: 1348: 1306: 1203: 1195: 1179: 1088: 976:, we have no disposition to mix with any such companions." When, in 1854, Illinois Senator 5040: 1330:

him with advance information as to its policies, in exchange for friendly coverage in the

1213:, which meant that he would not be a candidate for re-election to the Senate. Weed wanted 840:

see me extinguished and the other that wouldn't be satisfied without a hand in doing it."

637:

s circulation had risen to 80,000 and Greeley decided to establish a daily newspaper, the

8: 8208: 8188: 7917: 7210: 7200: 7034: 6939: 6927: 6897: 6891: 5964: 5938: 5899: 5895: 5873: 5713: 5703: 5337: 5229: 5121: 4396: 4380: 4127: 4028: 2106: 2102: 1824: 1805: 1736: 1566: 1412: 1183: 1025: 762: 758: 508: 462:

In 1826, at age 15, Greeley was made a printer's apprentice to Amos Bliss, editor of the

347: 342:

but urged him to commit to the end of slavery before Lincoln was willing to do so. After

334:. Republican newspapers across the nation regularly reprinted his editorials. During the 159: 4574: 4374: 4370: 8307: 8245: 7818: 7310: 7265: 7260: 7240: 7160: 7118: 7070: 7028: 6885: 6849: 6839: 6827: 6797: 6271: 6251: 6135: 6075: 6055: 5885: 5869: 5723: 5718: 5708: 5431: 5219: 4994: 4675: 4533:

Lunde, Erik S. "The Ambiguity of the National Idea: The Presidential Campaign of 1872"

4306: 4292:

Horace Greeley's New-York Tribune: Civil War–Era Socialism and the Crisis of Free Labor

4249: 4088: 1981: 1860: 1855: 1675: 1660: 1606: 1558: 1466: 1447: 1291:, would now take place. The paper criticized Lincoln for not being quick to use force. 1235: 1125: 1093: 1001: 921: 674: 471: 456: 429: 359: 335: 292: 8552:

Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)

5209: 1757:. The anti-Greeley campaign was famously and effectively summed up in the cartoons of 1427:

wrote that the rebellion would be quickly "stamped out". A week after the battle, the

8318: 8299: 8203: 7828: 7375: 7370: 7345: 7325: 7315: 7142: 7106: 7022: 6951: 6921: 6873: 6861: 6843: 6833: 6803: 6420: 6311: 6295: 6175: 6155: 6016: 5990: 5525: 5299: 5169: 5149: 4699: 4474: 4346: 4340: 4296: 4290: 4275: 4256: 4200: 4178: 4139: 4132: 4113: 4038: 3794: 3492: 1947: 1656: 1515: 1491: 1367: 1214: 1076: 1014: 953: 743: 579: 483: 409: 319: 288: 4542:

The General and the Journalists: Ulysses S. Grant, Horace Greeley, and Charles Dana.

4518:

Horace Greeley and the Republican Party, 1853–1861: A Study of the New York Tribune.

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Greeley was deeply involved in the campaign of the Whig candidate for president in

543: 262: 249: 244: 91: 61: 4601: 4389: 4310: 4172: 8397: 8193: 7437: 7305: 7300: 7235: 7220: 7112: 6993: 6855: 6576: 6436: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6331: 6315: 6291: 6231: 6215: 6025: 5908: 5847: 5843: 5769: 5585: 5515: 5475: 5465: 5455: 5417: 5407: 5327: 5279: 5239: 4803: 4728: 4663: 4580: 4333: 4269: 4230: 3908: 3749: 3725: 3702: 3484: 1989: 1907: 1667:, based on his childhood experience and that from his country home in Chappaqua. 1570: 1530: 1523: 1474: 1084: 1068: 985: 977: 933: 917: 845: 783: 750: 649: 339: 4695: 2032: 1381:

either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing

1028:, where he experimented with farming techniques. In 1856, he designed and built 848:. Greeley's term ended after March 3, 1849, and he returned to New York and the 761:, serving as literary agent and seeing to it that Thoreau's work was published. 8178: 8173: 8146: 7462: 7385: 7355: 7290: 7285: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7230: 7215: 7148: 7130: 7082: 7058: 6963: 6909: 6416: 6400: 6380: 6275: 6071: 6051: 6029: 5925: 5856: 5778: 5765: 5505: 5387: 5199: 5111: 5091: 4486: 4152: 1943: 1519: 1395: 1141: 1137: 1102: 929: 905: 832: 578:, premiered in February 1838 and helped elect the Whig candidate for governor, 437: 351: 8035: 2826:

Kathleen Endres, "Jane Grey Swisshelm: 19th century journalist and feminist."

494: 8415: 7969: 7414: 7400: 7178: 7040: 6981: 6791: 6616: 6600: 6500: 6440: 6335: 6255: 6111: 6003: 5817: 5445: 5367: 4628: 4608: 4593: 4503: 2096:"The Ulster-Scots and New England: Scotch-Irish foundations in the New World" 1794: 1652: 1613: 1462: 1149: 1080: 1047:

continued to print a wide variety of material. In 1851, its managing editor,

961: 878: 827: 735: 682:

on a sound financial footing, Greeley sold a half-interest in it to attorney

570:. Weed spoke for a liberal faction of the Whigs in his newspaper, the Albany 528: 451:

Seeing the boy's intelligence, some neighbors offered to pay Horace's way at

355: 300: 1407: 852:, having, according to Williams, "failed to achieve much except notoriety". 400:

Greeley was born on February 3, 1811, on a small farm about five miles from

8090: 7390: 7295: 7280: 7225: 7094: 7052: 6987: 6556: 6536: 6520: 6476: 6456: 6396: 6376: 6091: 6042: 5595: 5495: 5357: 4566: 4260: 4204: 4192: 1754: 1625: 1534: 1187: 1175: 969: 820: 766: 626: 567: 479: 389: 323: 4143: 4042: 32: 7442: 7405: 7166: 7154: 6957: 6945: 6903: 6809: 5881: 5575: 5565: 5485: 4481:

Lincoln's Informer: Charles A. Dana and the Inside Story of the Union War

4407: 1920:, which was published until 1966. The name survived until 2013, when the 1869:, "when Horace Greeley died, unjust and hard judgment of him died also". 1758: 1746: 1697: 1446:

was surrounded, and at least once invaded. Greeley secured arms from the

1298:

beat the drum for a Union attack. "On to Richmond", a phrase coined by a

1182:

for the Republican nomination, Abraham Lincoln, came to New York to give

312: 304: 4653:

The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era

4525:

Horace Greeley: Print, Politics, and the Failure of American Nationhood.

3742: 3718: 2048: 2001: 1647:. Beginning in 1869, he was heavily involved in an attempt to found the 1245:

After Lincoln's election, there was talk of secession in the South. The

826:

As a congressman for three months, Greeley introduced legislation for a

7432: 7428: 7410: 7172: 6969: 6516: 5830: 5555: 5397: 5189: 5131: 5101: 5067: 4588: 4491:

Man's Better Angels: Romantic Reformers and the Coming of the Civil War

4453: 4403: 4239:

Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America

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Horace Greeley: Print, Politics, and the Failure of American Nationhood

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Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America

1629: 1621: 1310: 1219: 1174:

in Chicago, he pressed the candidacy of former Missouri representative

945: 792: 695: 602: 5042:

Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States

4612: 2704: 1529:

Through 1866, Greeley editorialized that Davis, who was being held at

1522:, offered $ 100,000 for the capture of fugitive Confederate president 373:. He lost in a landslide despite having the additional support of the 8403: 8389: 7457: 7447: 7419: 7395: 6975: 6815: 6596: 6580: 6560: 6540: 4417: 4271:

All the Great Prizes: The Life of John Hay, from Lincoln to Roosevelt

1878: 1539: 1052: 965: 949: 904:, he had been slow to endorse the Whig presidential nominee, General 542:. Both were living at a boarding house run on the diet principles of 296: 4713: 4084: 2711:

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

1808:

and Greeley's vice presidential running mate, Benjamin Gratz Brown.

6933: 6620: 6131: 5654: 5535: 5377: 4717: 1820: 1633: 1562: 1279:

hailed the beginning of Lincoln's presidency. When southern forces

1033: 886: 308: 1605:

Greeley at his Chappaqua farm in 1869, photographed by his friend

900:

remained a Whig paper, but Greeley took an independent course. In

869:

editorial staff, with Greeley third from the left in the front row

6496: 6480: 6460: 5545: 4871: 690:(Greeley was editor) and ran the business side. Politically, the 425: 1845: 1742: 1145: 742:

in the late 1830s, opposing the annexation of the slaveholding

621: 2872: 1258:

Similar editorials appeared through January 1861, after which

1935:

The town of Greeley, Colorado is named after Horace Greeley.

1906:

remained under that name until 1924, when it merged with the

1294:

Through the spring and early summer of 1861, Greeley and the

1055:

as a foreign correspondent in London. Marx collaborated with

4397:

Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859

4177:. Twayne's United States Authors Series. Twayne Publishers. 2707:"National Register of Historic Places Registration:Rehoboth" 1320: 726:. He demanded full control, and declined when not given it. 3737:

James H. Stauss, "The Political Economy of Horace Greeley"

973: 893:

in the 1870s, deemed the "Gospel according to St. Horace".

436:. Some of Greeley's maternal ancestors were present at the 354:. He broke with the Radicals and with Republican President 8502:

Candidates in the 1872 United States presidential election

8231: 4629:"Horace Greeley: Land Reform and Unemployment, 1837–1862," 4571:

The Life of Horace Greeley, Editor of the New-York Tribune

4030:

Horace Greeley: Founder and Editor of the New York Tribune

3370: 1533:, should either be set free or put on trial. Davis's wife 1506:

As the war drew to a close in April 1865, Greeley and the

643:. At the time, New York had many newspapers, dominated by 358:

because of the party's corruption and Greeley's view that

3870: 3868: 3310: 3290: 3265: 3253: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3043: 3031: 2944: 2932: 4668:

Taylor, Sally. "Marx and Greeley on Slavery and Labor."

3561: 3525: 3466: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3382: 2566: 1670:

Greeley continued to seek political office, running for

1385:

slave, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing

550:, on July 5, 1836, and an announcement duly appeared in 4443:

Go West Young Man! Horace Greeley's Vision for America.

4109:

Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

3241: 3229: 3145: 3067: 3019: 3007: 2884: 2741: 2542: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2216: 2214: 1105:

was one of the first women hired by a major newspaper.

8507:

Democratic Party (United States) presidential nominees

4493:. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press (2017) 4049: 3865: 3346: 3123: 3121: 3084: 3082: 2985: 2983: 2920: 2838: 2836: 2815:

George Ripley: Transcendentalist and Utopian Socialist

531:. He also published the campaign newssheet of the new 498:

Early depiction of Greeley's first arrival in New York

412:

descent, and his forebears included early settlers of

3609: 3597: 3358: 3334: 3157: 3108: 3106: 2848: 2705:

Walter J. Gruber and Dorothy W. Gruber (March 1977).

2479: 2467: 2443: 2394: 2392: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2298: 2250: 2238: 2226: 1550:) also dropped off, though they recovered during the 8547:

People of New York (state) in the American Civil War

3880: 3819: 3674: 3672: 3645: 3621: 3585: 3573: 3549: 3537: 3418: 3406: 3394: 2956: 2602: 2515: 2211: 2160: 1976: 1974: 8452:

19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)

4729:

Cartoonist Thomas Nast vs. Candidate Horace Greeley

4460:

Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide.

3322: 3181: 3169: 3118: 3079: 3055: 2995: 2980: 2908: 2833: 2662: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2578: 2503: 1817:

Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York

1144:, where he conducted a two-hour interview with the 1013:wrote that the political partnership between Weed, 786:, a French social thinker, then recently deceased, 765:also benefited from Greeley's promotion. Historian 522:On March 22, 1834, he published the first issue of 65: 4248: 4131: 3103: 2896: 2860: 2554: 2455: 2389: 2377: 2322: 2310: 2286: 2274: 2262: 2199: 2189: 2187: 1209:Lincoln soon let it be known that Seward would be 538:Soon after his move to New York City, Greeley met 4623:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 531–533. 3669: 3657: 3633: 3513: 2968: 2686: 2491: 2431: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2341: 2148: 2136: 1971: 1849:Monument to Horace Greeley in Green-Wood Cemetery 1557:Initially supportive of Andrew Johnson's lenient 668:In the early days, Greeley's chief assistant was 295:." He endlessly promoted radical reforms such as 8413: 3501: 3286:"An impeachment long ago: Andrew Johnson's saga" 2076: 1402: 293:Go West, young man, and grow up with the country 4489:"Horace Greeley and the French Connection," in 4452:Vol. 53, No. 4 (March 1967), pp. 727–750, 4218:Horace Greeley: Founder of The New York Tribune 3133: 2674: 2590: 2353: 2184: 1263:against him when he ran for president in 1872. 3786: 3713:Leo P. Brophy, "Horace Greeley, 'Socialist'". 2798: 2404: 2365: 2124: 1819:, where Greeley was a member. He is buried in 1651:, a utopia on the prairie, in a scheme led by 1218:Evarts's candidacy. Weed threw his support to 593:. He published the major Whig periodical, the 489: 315:and hired the best talent that he could find. 8517:Members of the Universalist Church of America 8021: 5670: 5026: 4887: 4500:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press (1953) 3690:Earle D. Ross,"Horace Greeley and the West." 2172: 1226:installment on a large debt to Mr. Greeley". 1155: 16:American politician and publisher (1811–1872) 4342:Horace Greeley: Champion of American Freedom 4199:. Vol. 7. Scribner's. pp. 528–34. 3489:American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant 2064: 7887:National Democratic Redistricting Committee 7862:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee 4361: 4321:Horace Greeley: Nineteenth-Century Crusader 1024:In 1853, Greeley purchased a farm in rural 928:, he supported the Whig candidate, General 420:, while his mother's family descended from 8028: 8014: 5677: 5663: 5639: 5629: 5033: 5019: 4894: 4880: 4678:"Horace Greeley: Reformer as Republican". 4583:"Horace Greeley and Peaceable Secession." 4242:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. 2698: 806: 616: 280:'s successful 1840 presidential campaign. 31: 8557:19th-century New York (state) politicians 7872:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee 4587:(1941), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 145–159, 4549:American Journalism: A History, 1690–1960 4535:Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 4438:Southern Illinois University Press (2011) 4274:(Kindle ed.). Simon & Schuster. 4251:Horace Greeley: Printer, Editor, Crusader 3934: 1692:Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign 1681: 686:(1807–1888), who became publisher of the 276:politics, and took a significant part in 81:December 4, 1848 – March 3, 1849 56:U.S. House of Representatives 8447:19th-century American newspaper founders 8042:1872 United States presidential election 7882:National Conference of Democratic Mayors 7877:Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee 7857:Democratic Attorneys General Association 4948:1872 United States presidential election 1844: 1776: 1741: 1688:1872 United States presidential election 1600: 1406: 1166:1860 United States presidential election 859: 855: 753:in 1844 as first literary editor of the 620: 608: 519:, which mostly printed lottery results. 493: 388: 283:The following year, Greeley founded the 8487:American people of Scotch-Irish descent 8442:19th-century American newspaper editors 8129: 8070: 7913:National Federation of Democratic Women 4734:Mr. Lincoln and Friends: Horace Greeley 2738:(Greeley and M'Elrath, New York, 1856). 1959: 1827:. Among the mourners were old friends, 326:led to his serving three months in the 215: 1836; died 1872) 8414: 4527:Johns Hopkins University Press (2019) 4317: 4267: 4055: 4008:from the original on December 13, 2014 3982:from the original on December 13, 2014 3947:from the original on February 13, 2017 3916:from the original on December 11, 2014 3874: 3376: 3352: 3340: 3316: 3271: 3259: 3223: 3211: 3199: 3163: 3049: 3037: 2950: 2938: 2878: 2854: 601:widely. Harrison and his running mate 8230: 8009: 7990:2018 House Caucus leadership election 7985:2006 House Caucus leadership election 5658: 5014: 4875: 4779:New York's 6th congressional district 4445:University of New Mexico Press (1995) 4288: 4150: 3935:Schmemann, Serge (October 14, 2013). 3837: 3739:Southwestern Social Science Quarterly 3283: 2692: 2608: 2572: 2524: 2316: 2220: 1628:sometimes contributed pieces, as did 711:, created in September 1841 when the 633:By the end of the 1840 campaign, the 268:Greeley was born to a poor family in 8522:New York (state) Liberal Republicans 8457:19th-century Christian universalists 8402:Pdf. Library of Congress Permalink: 5684: 4607: 4338: 4246: 4073:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 4026: 3886: 3831: 3825: 3692:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 3627: 3591: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3472: 3460: 3448: 3436: 3424: 3412: 3400: 3388: 3328: 3247: 3235: 3187: 3175: 3151: 3127: 3088: 3073: 3061: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2890: 2842: 2747: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2560: 2548: 2536: 2509: 2473: 2461: 2449: 2398: 2335: 2304: 2292: 2280: 2268: 2256: 2244: 2232: 2205: 2166: 2154: 2142: 2082: 2005: 1964: 1765:—corruption in the financing of the 4943:1872 Democratic National Convention 4646:Horace Greeley: A Bio-Bibliography. 4483:. University Press of Kansas (2019) 4436:Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley. 4324:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 4134:Horace Greeley: Voice of the People 4102: 3773:Karen Iacobbo and Michael Iacobbo, 3112: 2926: 2902: 2787:American Nineteenth Century History 1643:Greeley maintained his interest in 1172:1860 Republican National Convention 1162:1860 Republican National Convention 873:By the end of the 1840s, Greeley's 566:In 1838, Greeley met Albany editor 13: 8537:People from Amherst, New Hampshire 8482:American people of English descent 8437:19th-century American male writers 8404:https://www.loc.gov/item/12006963/ 8391:Orleans order, the Ku--Klux trials 4938:1872 Liberal Republican convention 4901: 4509:Lincoln and the Power of the Press 4428: 4420:Orleans order, the Ku--Klux trials 4191: 4157:American National Biography Online 4070: 3912:. August 13, 1966. pp. 2–10. 3844:American National Biography Online 3491:. New York: Random House. p. 532. 3298:from the original on March 9, 2016 2974: 2485: 1781:Greeley resumed editorship of the 1730:Greeley resigned as editor of the 1112:, and to publicize the need for a 511:at editing a daily newspaper, the 14: 8568: 8462:19th-century American legislators 4689: 4558:Main Currents in American Thought 4520:Princeton University Press (1947) 4211: 4170: 3850:from the original on May 12, 2024 3807:from the original on May 12, 2024 3678: 3663: 3639: 3615: 3603: 3519: 2962: 2866: 2359: 2193: 2130: 1501: 1240: 1132:. Sending dispatches back to the 459:, but was told he was too young. 8381: 7935:High School Democrats of America 7867:Democratic Governors Association 7824:Congressional Progressive Caucus 6593:2020 (Milwaukee/other locations) 5638: 5628: 5619: 5618: 4721: 4705:Works by or about Horace Greeley 4450:The Journal of American History, 4235: 4197:Dictionary of American Biography 4151:Lunde, Erik S. (February 2000). 4126: 4027:Linn, William Alexander (1912). 4020: 3994: 3968: 3959: 3928: 3892: 3838:Lunde, Erik S. (February 2000). 3780: 3767: 3754: 3731: 3707: 3684: 3651: 3579: 3507: 3478: 3364: 3139: 2914: 2680: 2668: 2620: 2596: 2584: 2497: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2383: 2371: 2347: 2178: 2070: 2047: 2031: 1938:There is a statue of Greeley in 1343:compensated emancipation in the 362:policies were no longer needed. 338:, he mostly supported President 226: 8542:People from Chappaqua, New York 7802:Steering and Outreach Committee 4318:Van Deusen, Glyndon G. (1953). 4247:Stoddard, Henry Luther (1946). 4064: 3277: 3094: 2820: 2807: 2792: 2779: 2766: 2753: 2729: 1885:Historian Iver Bernstein says: 1580:in March 1868, Greeley and the 1498:and continued Union victories. 1321:"The Prayer of Twenty Millions" 1101:was the staff literary critic. 908:, a Louisianan and hero of the 424:immigrants from the village of 212: 8497:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery 4854:President of the United States 4818:President of the United States 2803:. Harcourt, Brace and Company. 2088: 1813:Church of the Divine Paternity 1596: 811:In November 1848, Congressman 558:One of the positions taken by 1: 8290:People's (Equal Rights) Party 4774:U.S. House of Representatives 4757:U.S. House of Representatives 4672:vol. 6, no. 4 (1979): 103–107 4511:: The War for Public Opinion. 4345:. New York University Press. 3775:Vegetarian America: A History 1435:were generally supportive of 1403:Draft riots and peace efforts 1351:. Lincoln supposedly asked a 1289:Confederate States of America 672:, who a decade later founded 629:, taken between 1844 and 1860 393:Horace Greeley Birthplace in 384: 328:U.S. House of Representatives 38: 8527:New York (state) Republicans 8467:Activists from New Hampshire 7903:College Democrats of America 4637:Rourke, Constance Mayfield. 4560:(1927), II, pp. 247–57 4390:Recollections of a Busy Life 4339:Williams, Robert C. (2006). 4295:. Cornell University Press. 3941:International Herald Tribune 2105:. p. 33. Archived from 2023:Statues of Horace Greeley in 2015: 1929:International New York Times 1923:International Herald-Tribune 1834: 1415:on a 1961 U.S. postage stamp 1229: 261:against incumbent President 7: 5866:1860 (Charleston/Baltimore) 5624:All presidential candidates 4720:(public domain audiobooks) 4585:Journal of Southern History 4513:Simon & Schuster (2014) 2774:Journal of American History 1998:Indiana Magazine of History 490:First efforts at publishing 369:'s presidential nominee in 350:in opposition to President 10: 8573: 7980:2017 chairmanship election 7975:2005 chairmanship election 7930:Young Democrats of America 4995:"Go West, young man" quote 4662:November 15, 2019, at the 4195:(1931). "Horace Greeley". 3793:. Oxford UP. p. 184. 3717:29.3 (July 1948): 309–317 1980:The origin of the phrase " 1841:Tributes to Horace Greeley 1838: 1685: 1473:, Canada, in order to aid 1377:to save the Union, and is 1266:In the days leading up to 1233: 1159: 1156:1860 presidential election 926:1852 presidential campaign 434:Londonderry, New Hampshire 265:, who won by a landslide. 259:1872 presidential election 8492:American social democrats 8477:American male journalists 8355: 8317: 8288: 8244: 8226: 8156: 8104: 8053: 7995:Weekly Democratic Address 7947: 7923:Stonewall Young Democrats 7895: 7849: 7784: 7773: 7471: 7188: 7003: 6754: 6636: 5734: 5694: 5614: 5052: 5048: 4982: 4969:New York Tribune Building 4956: 4909: 4862: 4844: 4838: 4828: 4808: 4800: 4795: 4785: 4770: 4762: 4755: 4648:Greenwood (1992). 240 pp. 4414:(1868), pp. 164–172. 4268:Taliaferro, John (2013). 4138:. Harper & Brothers. 3748:January 12, 2020, at the 3724:January 12, 2020, at the 3701:January 12, 2020, at the 1665:What I Know About Farming 1431:erupted. Greeley and the 1429:New York City draft riots 1364:Emancipation Proclamation 1114:transcontinental railroad 625:Photograph of Greeley by 548:Warrenton, North Carolina 442:Williamite War in Ireland 234: 222: 194: 165: 155: 138: 118: 113: 109: 97: 85: 74: 52: 48: 30: 23: 8107:Liberal Republican Party 7750:Northern Mariana Islands 4990:Mary Young Cheney (wife) 4933:Liberal Republican Party 4796:Party political offices 4634:, VII, 18 (January 1933) 4600:(Scribner's Sons, 1879) 4362:Works written by Greeley 4289:Tuchinsky, Adam (2009). 4112:. Simon & Schuster. 4033:. D. Appleton. pp. 2881:, pp. 231, 241–245. 1702:Liberal Republican Party 1649:Union Colony of Colorado 1512:Lincoln was assassinated 1423:in early July 1863, the 1419:After the Union victory 1315:First Battle of Bull Run 694:backed Kentucky Senator 367:Liberal Republican Party 318:Greeley's alliance with 255:Liberal Republican Party 8532:New-York Tribune people 7960:Presidential candidates 4925:New York Herald Tribune 4714:Works by Horace Greeley 4696:Works by Horace Greeley 4620:Encyclopædia Britannica 4614:"Greeley, Horace" 4255:. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 4236:Snay, Mitchell (2011). 4171:Lunde, Erik S. (1981). 4098:(subscription required) 3861:(subscription required) 3787:Iver Bernstein (1991). 2799:Sandburg, Carl (1942). 1799:Pleasantville, New York 1763:Crédit Mobilier scandal 1091:, who later co-founded 807:Congressman (1848–1849) 617:Early years (1841–1848) 453:Phillips Exeter Academy 344:Lincoln's assassination 149:Pleasantville, New York 8472:American abolitionists 7839:Problem Solvers Caucus 7834:New Democrat Coalition 6688:(1885–1889; 1893–1897) 5644:Third-party candidates 5270:Winfield Scott Hancock 5160:William Henry Harrison 4676:Weisberger, Bernard A. 4544:Brassey's, Inc. (1998) 4467:Horace Greeley and the 1957: 1892: 1850: 1767:Union Pacific Railroad 1750: 1682:Presidential candidate 1678:), which he declined. 1609: 1416: 1313:into the field at the 1268:Lincoln's inauguration 1256: 870: 780: 630: 591:William Henry Harrison 499: 468:East Poultney, Vermont 402:Amherst, New Hampshire 397: 395:Amherst, New Hampshire 278:William Henry Harrison 270:Amherst, New Hampshire 132:Amherst, New Hampshire 8396:May 12, 2024, at the 8279:(declined nomination) 4555:Parrington, Vernon L. 4496:Horner, Harlan Hoyt. 4434:Borchard, Gregory A. 4357:, scholarly biography 4332:May 24, 2012, at the 4229:May 24, 2012, at the 4104:Goodwin, Doris Kearns 3284:Cohen, Adam (1998) . 2776:92.2 (2005): 470–497. 1952: 1887: 1882:ism anyone proposed. 1871:Harriet Beecher Stowe 1848: 1839:Further information: 1777:Final month and death 1745: 1717:Charles Francis Adams 1604: 1578:Johnson was impeached 1496:Lincoln's re-election 1456:The American Conflict 1410: 1251: 1180:dark horse candidates 1130:Pike's Peak Gold Rush 1073:George William Curtis 889:, who worked for the 863: 856:Influence (1849–1860) 771: 624: 605:were easily elected. 513:New York Morning Post 497: 392: 8360:Other 1872 elections 8214:William S. Groesbeck 7740:District of Columbia 6413:1984 (San Francisco) 6308:1964 (Atlantic City) 6088:1920 (San Francisco) 5348:Charles Evans Hughes 5000:Horace Greeley Award 4682:(1977) 23(1): 5–25. 4632:Agricultural History 4547:Mott, Frank Luther. 4516:Isely, Jeter Allen. 4465:Fahrney, Ralph Ray. 4128:Hale, William Harlan 3694:20#1 (1933): 63–74. 3367:, pp. 300, 311. 2736:Life of Col. Fremont 1992:, founder of Iowa's 1960:Notes and references 1793:, the asylum of Dr. 1713:Benjamin Gratz Brown 1349:District of Columbia 1307:Confederate Congress 1281:attacked Fort Sumter 1204:New York Legislature 1196:Doris Kearns Goodwin 1089:Henry Jarvis Raymond 1059:on his work for the 982:Kansas–Nebraska Bill 910:Mexican–American War 645:James Gordon Bennett 482:, breaking from his 457:printer's apprentice 365:Greeley was the new 8166:Liberal Republican: 7918:Stonewall Democrats 6573:2016 (Philadelphia) 6228:1948 (Philadelphia) 6168:1936 (Philadelphia) 5714:Fourth Party System 5704:Second Party System 5338:William Howard Taft 5230:George B. McClellan 5122:William H. Crawford 5078:Charles C. Pinckney 4540:Maihafer, Harry J. 4523:Lundberg, James M. 4498:Lincoln and Greeley 3760:James M. Lundberg, 3654:, pp. 352–353. 3618:, pp. 398–399. 3606:, pp. 390–391. 3582:, pp. 339–340. 3570:, pp. 303–304. 3534:, pp. 309–310. 3475:, pp. 296–298. 3463:, pp. 302–303. 3451:, pp. 295–296. 3439:, pp. 292–293. 3391:, pp. 284–289. 3379:, pp. 132–133. 3319:, pp. 368–373. 3274:, pp. 342–349. 3262:, pp. 354–355. 3250:, pp. 272–273. 3238:, pp. 231–234. 3226:, pp. 310–311. 3214:, pp. 303–304. 3202:, pp. 306–309. 3154:, pp. 240–241. 3076:, pp. 232–233. 3052:, pp. 282–285. 3040:, pp. 279–281. 3028:, pp. 220–223. 3016:, pp. 211–212. 2965:, pp. 190–191. 2953:, pp. 256–257. 2941:, pp. 248–253. 2929:, pp. 255–256. 2917:, pp. 222–223. 2893:, pp. 198–199. 2801:Storm Over the Land 2750:, pp. 131–135. 2717:on December 4, 2011 2671:, pp. 116–117. 2623:, pp. 114–115. 2587:, pp. 110–112. 2575:, pp. 144–145. 2551:, pp. 115–116. 2539:, pp. 114–115. 2488:, pp. 528–534. 2112:on February 7, 2014 2103:Ulster-Scots Agency 1825:Green-Wood Cemetery 1806:Thomas A. Hendricks 1737:Rutherford B. Hayes 1567:Radical Republicans 1136:, Greeley took the 1071:, Charles A. Dana, 1032:, one of the first 1026:Chappaqua, New York 916:, candidate of the 763:Ralph Waldo Emerson 759:Henry David Thoreau 509:Horatio D. Sheppard 505:Spirit of the Times 406:Asperger's syndrome 348:Radical Republicans 346:, he supported the 160:Green-Wood Cemetery 8308:Frederick Douglass 8246:Labor Reform Party 7819:Blue Dog Coalition 6493:2000 (Los Angeles) 6348:1972 (Miami Beach) 6288:1960 (Los Angeles) 6068:1916 (Saint Louis) 6022:1904 (Saint Louis) 6009:1900 (Kansas City) 5970:1888 (Saint Louis) 5931:1876 (Saint Louis) 5724:Sixth Party System 5719:Fifth Party System 5709:Third Party System 5220:Stephen A. Douglas 4847:Liberal Republican 4670:Journalism History 4644:Schulze, Suzanne. 4537:(1978) 5(1): 1–23. 4479:Guarneri, Carl J. 4441:Cross, Coy F. II. 4311:10.7591/j.ctt7zfzw 3937:"Turning the Page" 3904:Folds in New York" 2828:Journalism History 2789:5.1 (2004): 66–99. 2386:, pp. 11, 23. 1982:Go West, young man 1861:Henry Ward Beecher 1851: 1751: 1676:Dominican Republic 1661:Colorado Territory 1655:. The new town of 1610: 1607:George G. Rockwood 1448:Brooklyn Navy Yard 1417: 1236:American Civil War 1211:Secretary of State 1126:Osawatomie, Kansas 1094:The New York Times 1019:The New York Times 972:, and forty other 958:Spiritual Rappings 922:Compromise of 1850 871: 675:The New York Times 631: 500: 472:Erie, Pennsylvania 464:Northern Spectator 430:County Londonderry 398: 360:Reconstruction-era 185:Liberal Republican 8387:Greeley, Horace. 8377: 8376: 8351: 8350: 8319:Prohibition Party 8300:Victoria Woodhull 8281: 8272:Other candidates: 8222: 8221: 8204:Jeremiah S. Black 8123: 8100: 8099: 8003: 8002: 7943: 7942: 7829:Justice Democrats 7453:Wasserman Schultz 5944:1880 (Cincinnati) 5853:1856 (Cincinnati) 5652: 5651: 5610: 5609: 5526:George H. W. Bush 5300:Benjamin Harrison 5170:Hugh Lawson White 5150:John Quincy Adams 5008: 5007: 4870: 4869: 4863:Succeeded by 4829:Succeeded by 4786:Succeeded by 4700:Project Gutenberg 4680:Civil War History 4458:Durante, Dianne. 4352:978-0-8147-9402-9 4302:978-0-8014-4667-2 4281:978-1-4165-9741-4 4213:Seitz, Don Carlos 4153:"Greeley, Horace" 4119:978-0-684-82490-1 3840:"Greeley, Horace" 3741:(1939): 399–408. 3497:978-0-8129-8125-4 2869:, pp. 60–65. 2500:, pp. 68–72. 2476:, pp. 81–82. 2452:, pp. 78–81. 2440:, pp. 39–41. 2428:, pp. 86–87. 2350:, pp. 54–55. 2307:, pp. 53–54. 2259:, pp. 41–42. 2247:, pp. 37–39. 2235:, pp. 31–32. 2169:, pp. 30–33. 2055:At Greeley Square 2039:In City Hall Park 2000:(2004): 231–242. 1965:Explanatory notes 1948:Midtown Manhattan 1672:state comptroller 1516:John Wilkes Booth 1492:Atlanta was taken 1368:Confiscation Acts 1215:William M. Evarts 1097:. For many years 1077:William Henry Fry 954:Maine Liquor laws 744:Republic of Texas 580:William H. Seward 540:Mary Young Cheney 517:Constitutionalist 484:Congregationalist 466:, a newspaper in 379:Electoral College 320:William H. Seward 289:American Old West 238: 237: 142:November 29, 1872 8564: 8407: 8385: 8277: 8228: 8227: 8169:Charles F. Adams 8145:Vice President: 8127: 8126: 8116:Democratic Party 8114: 8111: 8089:Vice President: 8080:Ulysses S. Grant 8068: 8067: 8056:Republican Party 8030: 8023: 8016: 8007: 8006: 7908:Democrats Abroad 7797:Policy Committee 7782: 7781: 7765:Democrats Abroad 6553:2012 (Charlotte) 6048:1912 (Baltimore) 5918:1872 (Baltimore) 5840:1852 (Baltimore) 5827:1848 (Baltimore) 5814:1844 (Baltimore) 5801:1840 (Baltimore) 5788:1835 (Baltimore) 5775:1832 (Baltimore) 5688: 5687:Democratic Party 5679: 5672: 5665: 5656: 5655: 5642: 5641: 5632: 5631: 5622: 5621: 5310:William J. Bryan 5290:Grover Cleveland 5260:Samuel J. Tilden 5180:Martin Van Buren 5058:Thomas Jefferson 5050: 5049: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5012: 5011: 4918:New-York Tribune 4896: 4889: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4839:Preceded by 4832:Samuel J. Tilden 4801:Preceded by 4766:David S. Jackson 4763:Preceded by 4753: 4752: 4740:New-York Tribune 4725: 4724: 4709:Internet Archive 4627:Robbins, Roy M. 4624: 4616: 4581:Potter, David M. 4471:in the Civil War 4356: 4325: 4314: 4285: 4264: 4254: 4243: 4222: 4208: 4188: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4147: 4137: 4123: 4099: 4096: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4002:"Horace Greeley" 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3976:"Horace Greeley" 3972: 3966: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3784: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3758: 3752: 3735: 3729: 3715:New York History 3711: 3705: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3485:White, Ronald C. 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3116: 3110: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2831: 2830:2.4 (1975): 128. 2824: 2818: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2796: 2790: 2783: 2777: 2770: 2764: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2713:. Archived from 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2111: 2100: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2051: 2035: 2009: 2008:, pp. 40–41 1994:Grinnell College 1978: 1587:Ulysses S. Grant 1546:(especially the 1122:Kansas Territory 1057:Friedrich Engels 1010:Republican Party 990:Kansas Territory 940:see him go: the 914:Martin Van Buren 866:New-York Tribune 813:David S. Jackson 670:Henry J. Raymond 640:New-York Tribune 544:Sylvester Graham 432:who had settled 375:Democratic Party 332:Republican Party 263:Ulysses S. Grant 250:New-York Tribune 230: 216: 214: 145: 129:February 3, 1811 128: 126: 114:Personal details 100: 92:David S. Jackson 88: 79: 69: 58: 43: 40: 35: 21: 20: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8561: 8412: 8411: 8410: 8398:Wayback Machine 8386: 8382: 8378: 8373: 8347: 8313: 8284: 8275:Charles O'Conor 8240: 8218: 8209:James A. Bayard 8194:Salmon P. Chase 8158: 8152: 8112: 8110: 8096: 8059: 8049: 8034: 8004: 7999: 7939: 7891: 7845: 7776: 7769: 7476: 7474: 7467: 7190: 7184: 7077:C. A. Culberson 7023:J. W. Stevenson 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 6999: 6886:D. B. Culberson 6771: 6768: 6766: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6642:administrations 6640: 6632: 6453:1992 (New York) 6393:1980 (New York) 6373:1976 (New York) 6108:1924 (New York) 5905:1868 (New York) 5753: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5690: 5686: 5683: 5653: 5648: 5606: 5605: 5586:Hillary Clinton 5516:Michael Dukakis 5476:George McGovern 5466:Hubert Humphrey 5456:Barry Goldwater 5432:Adlai Stevenson 5418:Thomas E. Dewey 5408:Wendell Willkie 5328:Alton B. Parker 5280:James G. Blaine 5240:Horatio Seymour 5210:John C. Frémont 5044: 5039: 5009: 5004: 4978: 4952: 4905: 4900: 4866: 4857: 4842: 4834: 4823: 4820: 4806: 4804:Horatio Seymour 4791: 4782: 4776: 4768: 4722: 4692: 4664:Wayback Machine 4487:Gura, Philip F. 4431: 4429:Further reading 4364: 4353: 4334:Wayback Machine 4303: 4282: 4231:Wayback Machine 4185: 4161: 4159: 4120: 4097: 4085:10.2307/1889030 4067: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3909:Chicago Tribune 3898: 3897: 3893: 3885: 3881: 3873: 3866: 3860: 3853: 3851: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3801: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3768: 3759: 3755: 3750:Wayback Machine 3736: 3732: 3726:Wayback Machine 3712: 3708: 3703:Wayback Machine 3689: 3685: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3126: 3119: 3111: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2909: 2901: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2877: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2841: 2834: 2825: 2821: 2813:Charles Crowe, 2812: 2808: 2797: 2793: 2784: 2780: 2771: 2767: 2759:Mitchell Snay, 2758: 2754: 2746: 2742: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2397: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2223:, pp. 4–5. 2219: 2212: 2204: 2200: 2192: 2185: 2177: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2081: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2018: 2013: 2012: 1990:Josiah Grinnell 1979: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1866:Christian Union 1856:Harper's Weekly 1843: 1837: 1779: 1694: 1686:Main articles: 1684: 1599: 1571:Roscoe Conkling 1531:Fortress Monroe 1524:Jefferson Davis 1504: 1475:Peace Democrats 1405: 1323: 1243: 1238: 1232: 1168: 1160:Main articles: 1158: 1085:Julius Chambers 1069:Margaret Fuller 1049:Charles A. Dana 1038:John C. Frémont 980:introduced his 978:Stephen Douglas 934:Franklin Pierce 918:Free Soil Party 858: 846:Abraham Lincoln 809: 784:Charles Fourier 751:Margaret Fuller 700:American System 684:Thomas McElrath 678:. To place the 650:New York Herald 619: 614: 572:Evening Journal 492: 387: 340:Abraham Lincoln 218: 210: 206: 203: 190: 166:Political party 147: 143: 130: 124: 122: 98: 86: 80: 75: 59: 54: 44: 41: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8570: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8422:Horace Greeley 8409: 8408: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8366: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8345: 8337: 8329: 8323: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8303: 8294: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8268: 8267: 8259: 8250: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8224: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8197: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8179:B. Gratz Brown 8176: 8174:Lyman Trumbull 8171: 8162: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8150: 8147:B. Gratz Brown 8142: 8139:Horace Greeley 8133: 8131: 8124: 8102: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8085: 8084: 8074: 8072: 8065: 8051: 8050: 8033: 8032: 8025: 8018: 8010: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7899: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7788: 7786: 7779: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7760:Virgin Islands 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7735:American Samoa 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7680:South Carolina 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7645:North Carolina 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7460: 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6530: 6529: 6528: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6473:1996 (Chicago) 6470: 6469: 6468: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6433:1988 (Atlanta) 6430: 6429: 6428: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6390: 6389: 6388: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6328:1968 (Chicago) 6325: 6324: 6323: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6268:1956 (Chicago) 6265: 6264: 6263: 6248:1952 (Chicago) 6245: 6244: 6243: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6208:1944 (Chicago) 6205: 6204: 6203: 6188:1940 (Chicago) 6185: 6184: 6183: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6148:1932 (Chicago) 6145: 6144: 6143: 6128:1928 (Houston) 6125: 6124: 6123: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6045: 6032: 6019: 6006: 5996:1896 (Chicago) 5993: 5983:1892 (Chicago) 5980: 5967: 5957:1884 (Chicago) 5954: 5941: 5928: 5915: 5902: 5892:1864 (Chicago) 5889: 5863: 5850: 5837: 5824: 5811: 5798: 5785: 5772: 5758: 5756: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5659: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5636: 5626: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5593: 5583: 5573: 5563: 5553: 5543: 5533: 5523: 5513: 5506:Walter Mondale 5503: 5493: 5483: 5473: 5463: 5453: 5443: 5429: 5415: 5405: 5395: 5388:Herbert Hoover 5385: 5375: 5365: 5355: 5345: 5335: 5325: 5307: 5297: 5287: 5277: 5267: 5257: 5250:Horace Greeley 5247: 5237: 5227: 5217: 5207: 5200:Winfield Scott 5197: 5187: 5177: 5167: 5157: 5147: 5129: 5119: 5112:Andrew Jackson 5109: 5099: 5092:DeWitt Clinton 5089: 5075: 5065: 5054: 5053: 5046: 5045: 5038: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5015: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4903:Horace Greeley 4899: 4898: 4891: 4884: 4876: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4827: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4784: 4772:Member of the 4769: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4751: 4750: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4711: 4702: 4691: 4690:External links 4688: 4687: 4686: 4673: 4666: 4651:Slap, Andrew. 4649: 4642: 4635: 4625: 4609:Reid, Whitelaw 4605: 4598:Horace Greeley 4594:Reid, Whitelaw 4591: 4578: 4564: 4562:online edition 4552: 4551:(1962) passim. 4545: 4538: 4531: 4521: 4514: 4504:Holzer, Harold 4501: 4494: 4484: 4477: 4463: 4456: 4446: 4439: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4415: 4400: 4394: 4386: 4378: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4351: 4336: 4327:online edition 4315: 4301: 4286: 4280: 4265: 4244: 4233: 4224:online edition 4209: 4189: 4183: 4174:Horace Greeley 4168: 4148: 4124: 4118: 4100: 4079:(3): 425–444. 4066: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4058:, p. 430. 4048: 4019: 3993: 3967: 3958: 3927: 3902:Herald-Tribune 3891: 3889:, p. 313. 3879: 3877:, p. 428. 3864: 3830: 3828:, p. 314. 3818: 3799: 3779: 3777:(2004), p. 84. 3766: 3764:(2019) p. 154. 3753: 3730: 3706: 3683: 3681:, p. 404. 3668: 3666:, p. 403. 3656: 3644: 3642:, p. 391. 3632: 3630:, p. 306. 3620: 3608: 3596: 3594:, p. 305. 3584: 3572: 3560: 3558:, p. 313. 3548: 3546:, p. 303. 3536: 3524: 3522:, p. 388. 3512: 3510:, p. 338. 3500: 3477: 3465: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3427:, p. 294. 3417: 3415:, p. 293. 3405: 3403:, p. 266. 3393: 3381: 3369: 3357: 3355:, p. 320. 3345: 3343:, p. 377. 3333: 3331:, p. 270. 3321: 3309: 3276: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3190:, p. 247. 3180: 3178:, p. 245. 3168: 3166:, p. 301. 3156: 3144: 3142:, p. 271. 3132: 3130:, p. 234. 3117: 3115:, p. 471. 3102: 3093: 3091:, p. 233. 3078: 3066: 3064:, p. 226. 3054: 3042: 3030: 3018: 3006: 3004:, p. 210. 2994: 2992:, p. 219. 2979: 2977:, p. 435. 2967: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2905:, p. 242. 2895: 2883: 2871: 2859: 2857:, p. 230. 2847: 2845:, p. 203. 2832: 2819: 2806: 2791: 2778: 2765: 2752: 2740: 2728: 2697: 2685: 2683:, p. 117. 2673: 2661: 2659:, p. 175. 2649: 2647:, p. 169. 2637: 2635:, p. 168. 2625: 2613: 2611:, p. 155. 2601: 2599:, p. 112. 2589: 2577: 2565: 2553: 2541: 2529: 2527:, p. 145. 2514: 2512:, p. 114. 2502: 2490: 2478: 2466: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2403: 2388: 2376: 2364: 2352: 2340: 2321: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2237: 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8198: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8189:Andrew Curtin 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8128: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8109: 8108: 8103: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8031: 8026: 8024: 8019: 8017: 8012: 8011: 8008: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7970:Superdelegate 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7792:Senate Caucus 7790: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7772: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7720:West Virginia 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7625:New Hampshire 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7585:Massachusetts 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7470: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 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B. 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Davis 5366: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5031: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4964:Greeley House 4962: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4890: 4885: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4860: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4848: 4837: 4833: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4805: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4567:Parton, James 4565: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4423: 4421: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4354: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4337: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4323: 4322: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4252: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4193:Nevins, Allan 4190: 4186: 4184:0-8057-7343-6 4180: 4176: 4175: 4169: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4135: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4057: 4052: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4023: 4007: 4004:. NYC Parks. 4003: 3997: 3981: 3978:. NYC Parks. 3977: 3971: 3962: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3888: 3883: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3806: 3802: 3800:9780199923434 3796: 3792: 3791: 3783: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3665: 3660: 3653: 3648: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3605: 3600: 3593: 3588: 3581: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3533: 3528: 3521: 3516: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3421: 3414: 3409: 3402: 3397: 3390: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3268: 3261: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3225: 3220: 3213: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3184: 3177: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3097: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2976: 2971: 2964: 2959: 2952: 2947: 2940: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2916: 2911: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2887: 2880: 2875: 2868: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2829: 2823: 2816: 2810: 2802: 2795: 2788: 2782: 2775: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2749: 2744: 2737: 2732: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2670: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2646: 2641: 2634: 2629: 2622: 2617: 2610: 2605: 2598: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2574: 2569: 2563:, p. 61. 2562: 2557: 2550: 2545: 2538: 2533: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2511: 2506: 2499: 2494: 2487: 2482: 2475: 2470: 2464:, p. 82. 2463: 2458: 2451: 2446: 2439: 2434: 2427: 2422: 2416:, p. 63. 2415: 2410: 2408: 2401:, p. 59. 2400: 2395: 2393: 2385: 2380: 2374:, p. 55. 2373: 2368: 2362:, p. 24. 2361: 2356: 2349: 2344: 2338:, p. 58. 2337: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2318: 2313: 2306: 2301: 2295:, p. 53. 2294: 2289: 2283:, p. 47. 2282: 2277: 2271:, p. 43. 2270: 2265: 2258: 2253: 2246: 2241: 2234: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2208:, p. 27. 2207: 2202: 2196:, p. 11. 2195: 2190: 2188: 2181:, p. 16. 2180: 2175: 2168: 2163: 2157:, p. 15. 2156: 2151: 2145:, p. 12. 2144: 2139: 2133:, p. 26. 2132: 2127: 2108: 2104: 2097: 2091: 2084: 2079: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2056: 2050: 2040: 2034: 2025:New York City 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1970: 1956: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1863:wrote in the 1862: 1858: 1857: 1847: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1795:George Choate 1792: 1788: 1784: 1774: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1693: 1689: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653:Nathan Meeker 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614:Whitelaw Reid 1608: 1603: 1594: 1592: 1591:1868 election 1588: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1552:1868 election 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1471:Niagara Falls 1468: 1464: 1463:Henri Mercier 1459: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421:at Gettysburg 1414: 1409: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1345:border states 1341: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1237: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1199: 1197: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1163: 1153: 1151: 1150:Brigham Young 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1099:George Ripley 1096: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081:Bayard Taylor 1078: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1021:for support. 1020: 1016: 1011: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 988:broke out in 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 894: 892: 888: 884: 880: 879:Bayard Taylor 876: 868: 867: 862: 853: 851: 847: 841: 838: 834: 829: 828:homestead act 824: 822: 818: 814: 804: 802: 798: 794: 789: 785: 779: 776: 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 747: 745: 741: 737: 736:James K. Polk 733: 727: 725: 724: 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676: 671: 666: 664: 658: 656: 652: 651: 646: 642: 641: 636: 628: 623: 612: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 561: 556: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 534: 530: 529:Panic of 1837 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 496: 487: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 449: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 418:New Hampshire 415: 414:Massachusetts 411: 407: 403: 396: 391: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 363: 361: 357: 356:Ulysses Grant 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 301:vegetarianism 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 251: 246: 242: 233: 229: 225: 221: 202: 197: 193: 186: 183: 180: 177: 175:(before 1854) 174: 171: 170: 168: 164: 161: 158: 156:Resting place 154: 150: 141: 137: 133: 121: 117: 112: 108: 105: 102: 96: 93: 90: 84: 78: 73: 68: 63: 57: 51: 47: 34: 29: 22: 19: 8388: 8383: 8359: 8342:John Russell 8340:VP nominee: 8339: 8331: 8306:VP nominee: 8305: 8297: 8278: 8271: 8262:VP nominee: 8261: 8253: 8200: 8165: 8144: 8138: 8136: 8105: 8091:Henry Wilson 8088: 8077: 8054: 8046:1876 → 8038:← 1868 7809:House Caucus 7685:South Dakota 7675:Rhode Island 7670:Pennsylvania 7650:North Dakota 6780:A. Stevenson 6638:Presidential 6272:Stevenson II 6252:Stevenson II 5921: 5878:Breckinridge 5861:Breckinridge 5808: 5752:presidential 5743:presidential 5596:Donald Trump 5496:Jimmy Carter 5358:James M. Cox 5249: 4924: 4917: 4902: 4845: 4809: 4789:James Brooks 4771: 4739: 4679: 4669: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4618: 4597: 4584: 4570: 4557: 4548: 4541: 4534: 4524: 4517: 4507: 4497: 4490: 4480: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4418: 4411: 4388: 4381: 4367: 4341: 4320: 4291: 4270: 4250: 4238: 4217: 4196: 4173: 4160:. Retrieved 4156: 4133: 4108: 4076: 4072: 4065:Bibliography 4051: 4029: 4022: 4012:December 11, 4010:. Retrieved 3996: 3986:December 11, 3984:. Retrieved 3970: 3961: 3949:. Retrieved 3940: 3930: 3920:December 11, 3918:. Retrieved 3907: 3901: 3894: 3882: 3852:. Retrieved 3843: 3833: 3821: 3809:. 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K. Jones 7055:(1898–1899) 7049:(1890–1898) 7043:(1885–1890) 7037:(1881–1885) 7031:(1877–1881) 7025:(1873–1877) 7005:U.S. Senate 6990:(2003–2023) 6984:(1995–2003) 6978:(1989–1995) 6972:(1987–1989) 6966:(1977–1987) 6960:(1971–1977) 6954:(1962–1971) 6948:(1940–1961) 6942:(1936–1940) 6936:(1935–1936) 6930:(1933–1934) 6924:(1929–1933) 6918:(1923–1929) 6912:(1921–1923) 6906:(1909–1921) 6900:(1903–1909) 6894:(1897–1903) 6888:(1895–1897) 6882:(1891–1895) 6876:(1889–1891) 6870:(1883–1889) 6864:(1876–1881) 6858:(1875–1876) 6852:(1873–1875) 6846:(1869–1871) 6836:(1859–1861) 6830:(1857–1859) 6824:(1855–1857) 6822:G. W. Jones 6818:(1851–1855) 6812:(1849–1851) 6806:(1845–1847) 6800:(1843–1845) 6798:J. W. Jones 6794:(1835–1839) 6788:(1834–1835) 6782:(1827–1834) 6741:(2009–2017) 6735:(1993–2001) 6729:(1977–1981) 6723:(1963–1969) 6717:(1961–1963) 6711:(1945–1953) 6697:Roosevelt ( 6694:(1913–1921) 6682:(1868–1869) 6676:(1857–1861) 6670:(1853–1857) 6664:(1845–1849) 6658:(1837–1841) 6652:(1829–1837) 6017:Stevenson I 5991:Stevenson I 5762:1828 (None) 5738:conventions 5576:Mitt Romney 5566:John McCain 5486:Gerald Ford 4821:Affiliated 4162:January 16, 3854:January 16, 1926:became the 1759:Thomas Nast 1747:Thomas Nast 1727:Americans. 1700:formed the 1698:Carl Schurz 1632:. In 1870, 1616:joined the 1597:Grant years 1140:, reaching 769:explained: 440:during the 422:Scots-Irish 305:agrarianism 201:Mary Cheney 181:(1854–1872) 87:Preceded by 8416:Categories 8327:Convention 8239:candidates 8159:candidates 8120:Convention 8062:Convention 7775:Affiliated 7715:Washington 7635:New Mexico 7630:New Jersey 7505:California 6892:Richardson 6756:U.S. House 6680:A. Johnson 6577:H. Clinton 6477:B. Clinton 6457:B. Clinton 6312:L. Johnson 6296:L. Johnson 5874:H. Johnson 5796:R. 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