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853:(responsible for collecting tax revenues on salt), which meant that he received a salary or other remuneration; but, as he was not required to live or work there, this was not exile. However, Huang Tingjian remained in Sichuan long enough to attend his son's marriage ceremony, to the daughter of a local official. In 1102, Huang Tingjian visited Fenning, after extensive travels and several illnesses. As the year 1102 progressed, the political pendulum again reversed itself: the Yuanyou officials were out of favor once more. A list of somewhat over 100 officials whom the emperor considered to be heterodox was erected on a stele at the capital: Huang Tingjian was one of those named. Huang had been the recipient of a major promotion, but was now dismissed summarily, just 9 days after his appointment. As the year 1102 waned, Huang Tingjian returned to Ezhou, and visited various other places including
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others could enjoy each other's company in person, and Huang was promoted, to sub-editor of the
Academy of Scholarly Worthies and examining editor for the official records of former Emperor Shenzong's reign. Editing the official records of the previous emperor, in light of the factional politics which had ignited at that time and were still burning, would turn out to be a perilous undertaking for Huang Tingjian's future.
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1000:, severe coughs and colds, malarial fever, headaches, dizziness, and in his later years, heart trouble and chest and arm pains." Huang Tingjian also had a deep interest in medicinal substances, and at one point seriously mulled over the idea of giving up his aspirations for an official career, in favor of opening up a shop and dealing in herbs and herbal medications.
920:. The far southern lands were known as the "gates of hell", but when the emperor ordered one of his subjects there, there was little choice. Open resistance could be and often was met with the mass annihilation of ones entire family, and even whole clan. The main hope was a quick recall from exile. However, in Huang Tingjian's case, this never happened.
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he was engaged in the three-year ritual mourning period, Empress
Dowager Gao died, and Zhezong began to reign in fact as well as name. Zhezong favored the reformist party, and their remnant members returned with a vengeance: their opponents alive or dead were persecuted: Su Shi was demoted and exiled, Sima Guang and
1130:
923:
In early 1104, Huang
Tingjian packed up his family and headed south, towards his place of banishment, Yizhou. That springtime, during the course of his journey, Huang Tingjian met the Chan monk Zhongren (also known as Huaguang, after the name of his monastery). Zhongren shared a scroll of poems by Su
804:
Huang
Tingjian's mother died in 1091. Obligatory retirement for a period of mourning in the case of the death of either parent was then the custom, and Huang returned to the family cemetery in Fenning, Jiangnan, with the remains of his mother, his two wives that had died, and those of an aunt. While
787:
Gao acted as regent. Empress
Dowager Gao was not a New Policy enthusiast. Wang Anshi's party fell out of favor, and Wang Anshi himself was forced into retirement. Huang Tingjian and the other exiles were recalled from their places of banishment. Happy days were here again: now, Su, Huang, and the
720:
So far, it seems that Huang had managed to avoid entanglement in politics, and in fact his early career as an imperial teaching official seems to have been in part secured by the favor of Wang Anshi, upon reading a poem of Huang's, hinting at retiring from the boredom which he was experiencing at
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The two became friends: Zhongren painted branches of flowering plum blossoms and landscapes for Huang, Huang wrote poems in his inimitable calligraphy for
Zhongren, even appending a poem with praise of Zhongren to the end of his precious scroll of poems. Together the two helped to change the art
740:
As
Emperor Shenzong increasingly favored Wang Anshi's New Policies, as they were known, their opponents suffered politically: this included exile for Su Shi, beginning in 1080, to Hangzhou (which was the time period when Su adopted the nickname of Dongpo). As Su's conviction was for writing in a
1012:(1028-1090). She died in 1070. His second wife, from the Xie clan, had a daughter to him, before her death, in Damingfu, in 1079. His third wife gave birth to his only son, whom he gave the unusual name of "Forty", because he was 40 years old when the boy was born.
857:. It was during this period that he wrote "Wind in the Pines Hall". Huang Tingjian awaited further developments at Ezhou, hearing no news about how the emperor intended to deal with his case, until the end of 1103. It was exile, again. This time to the far south,
761:. Like, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian was known for good governance: light with taxes and empathetic with the common folk over whom they were placed in charge. Among other deeds, Huang Tingjian failed to enforce the New Policy of government monopoly of salt production.
912:: the classic poetic place of exile. Not that he was not already there, in Ezhou; but, now, Huang Tingjian was faced with traveling through the depths of it, only to emerge into an even more remote and difficult territory. He faced a fate similar to
1024:
practice ("Chan" is
Chinese for Zen); indeed, Jiangnan had hundreds of them. The year after his second wife died, Huang retreated to the Shan'gu (Mountain Valley) Daoist monastery in Anhui, and took the religious name Shan'gu Daoren.
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885:
had led a revolt, briefly making the area part of an independent kingdom. Sending the then 58-year-old, sick and frail Huang
Tingjian to an official exile in this remote and precarious position was not far from a death sentence.
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717:-style poems, to which Su returned with two poems of his own, matching Huang's rhyme-scheme. Huang's fame was secured when Su Shi (Dongpo) heaped his praises upon him, and the two became close friends for life.
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epitomises a technique today known as "flying-white" "when writing calligraphy, the areas within a brushstroke where the brush fails to leave a full measure of ink and streaks of white paper or silk appear".
737:, and Su Shi. Under the imperial system the winning side was chosen by the emperor (or the emperor's regent in the case of his minority). Imperial disfavor could range from death to a stalled career.
813:(Wang Anshi's son-in-law). Huang was convicted of sarcastically editing the official records of former Emperor Shenzong. Huang Tingjian spent the ensuing decade in exile, in various locations in
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did), was likely to be found guilty of conspiracy. Both Huang
Tingjian and his Uncle Li were convicted as co-conspirators and accordingly given considerable fines (20
1833:
936:(another one of the Yuanyou crew): and, both Su Shi and Qin Guan had died as a result of their exiles in the south, the journey which Huang Tingjian was now upon.
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and literature. He is famous both for the calligraphy and the poetry of his work "Wind in the Pines Hall", which survives in the Palace Museum, Taipei.
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In the year 1100, Emperor Zhezong died young and unexpectedly, at 23 years old, and with his death came a new political alignment: the new emperor was
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period. Tingjian's great-great-grandfather had then and there established a great library, together with an educational system. Achievement of the
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1144:, which includes some of Huang Tingjian's calligraphy. Su Shi's calligraphy is on the right side. Huang Tingjian's calligraphy is to its left
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663:. The devastating human consequences were noted by Huang Tingjian. This was the occasion of his writing the poem "Lament for the Refugees" (
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Tianjin's location, in modern China. This is also not too far from where Huang Tingjian's teaching post at the Northern Capital was located.
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In 1072, Li Chang, his maternal uncle, and Sun Jue his father-in-law had shown examples of Huang Tingjiang's works to the famous poet and
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Huang Tingjian passed his teaching credential exam in 1072, and spent the next 7 years teaching at the Damingfu Imperial Academy in
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Huang Tingjian had a strong lifelong interest in Buddhism and Daoism. In his hometown of Fenning were 10 monasteries of the
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Huang Tingjian had 3 wives during his life, and one son, to the third. His first wife was the daughter of the scholar,
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defamatory way about the emperor and his government, anyone who had circulated his writings without reporting them (as
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Once there, he continued his calligraphy, of which an ink rubbing survives, a rather pointed quote about the life of
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978:(137-169), who was arrested and executed due to getting caught up in factional politics, during the second of the
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24 paragons of filial piety - Huang Tingjian, who "so loved his mother, that he emptied her chamber pot himself".
1082:(semi-cursive style of script) displays a sharpness and aggression that is instantly recognizable to students of
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971:), in order to "spare them from the intense heat", Huang Tingjian traveled on to his destination without them.
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Parting ways with his friend Zhongren, Huang Tingjian headed onward towards his destined place of banishment,
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1554:. Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London: Harvard University Asia Center for the Harvard-Yenching Institute.
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that point of his career. At the time, there were two major parties, a "reform" party (also known as the
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471:, and is also admired for his painting and poetry. He was one of the Four Masters of the Song Dynasty (
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His funeral was arranged by a stranger, who had traveled to Yizhou, hoping to make his acquaintance.
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Huang is also regarded as a particularly fine and creative calligrapher of the Song Dynasty. His
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873:. However, then it was only tenuously part of the Chinese Empire. Guangxi, then administered as
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In the early Winter of 1105, Huang Tingjian died, alone from his family, in exile, in Yizhou.
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province, China–1105, Yizhou , Guangxi) was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, and poet of the
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world forever: establishing monochrome painting of plums among the scholar-official class.
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degree was a common attainment for men of the Huang clan. Huang Tingjian's mother, Lady
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Huang Tingjian is noted for his prodigious talent in terms of his vast knowledge of
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Huang Tingjian's health was poor throughout his life. His health problems included "
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and to a family of poets, which had established residence in Jiangnan, south of the
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1576:, Nigensha Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (first English edition 1996), p, 78.
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Huang Tingjian is considered to be the founder of the Jiangxi school of poetry.
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Jiangxi in China, showing approximate area of Huang Tingjian's home (modern map)
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Map of the XiaoXiang area, with Guangxi (the location of Yizhou) at bottom.
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In 1068-1069 a series of major earthquakes occurred southwest of modern
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and a "conservative" party, which included such prominent officials as
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of copper). Huang was also exiled, first to Jizhou Subprefecture (now
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and influenced by his and his friends' practice of literati painting (
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779:) era (1086–1093) was the first regnal period of the new emperor,
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1272:"Huang Tingjian | Song Dynasty, Calligraphy, Poetry | Britannica"
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in 1042, and introduced his son Huang Tingjian to the works of
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Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent
1484:. Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository, Paper 1302.
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809:'s tombs were defaced, and Huang Tingjian was denounced by
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Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
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Chinese Calligraphy: Its History and Aesthetic Motivation
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877:("West Southern Expanse"), had only been annexed by the
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Location of Ezhou Prefecture within modern Hubei, China.
623:,1027-1090), who was also possessed of a large library.
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Travel to his remote posting meant passing through the
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Fame and conviction for conspiracy against the emperor
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After his father's death, Huang Tingjian was sent to
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in 971. And, as recently as 1052, the Zhuang leader
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The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature
1158:Picture of Huang Tingjian, from much later times.
1140:A version of the poem "Cold Food Observance", by
617:to be further brought up by his uncle, Li Chang (
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16:Chinese Song Dynasty artist and poet (1045–1105)
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2048:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
982:which occurred during the Han dynastic era.
543:Huang Tingjian was born into the prominent
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1441:Murck, note 5, page 331, following Shen Fu
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2616:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
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1089:Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru
1069:Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru
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1594:Huang Tingjian's Calligraphy Gallery
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1122:Poem on the Hall of Pines and Wind
980:Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions
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1040:, A.D. 1100, a canonical work of
955:: view from the Long River, 2007.
467:. He is predominantly known as a
3049:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
1800:
1569:, Oxford University Press, 1981.
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1184:), and Huang Tingjian, drinking
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1072:. Calligraphy by Huang Tingjian.
800:Sichuan in China (on modern map)
2850:New Songs from the Jade Terrace
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1339:Murck, 159 and note 8, page 331
1321:Murck, 160 and note 3, page 331
1046:Princeton University Art Museum
479:), and was a younger friend of
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2960:Chinese poems (category list)
2477:Southern Song dynasty coinage
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792:Death of his mother and exile
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3264:Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
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1889:Department of State Affairs
1574:Looking at Chinese Painting
1514:Looking at Chinese Painting
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1200:Wei Qing Dao Ren Observance
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93:Calligrapher, painter, poet
10:
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3234:Song dynasty calligraphers
3214:12th-century Chinese poets
3199:11th-century Chinese poets
1851:Bureau of Military Affairs
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757:), then to Depingzhen, in
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643:'s first year as emperor.
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1212:Besotted by Flower Vapors
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1086:. His calligraphic piece
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699:Crow Terrace Poetry Trial
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583:,1018-1058) received his
577:. His father, Huang Shu (
519:- Calm Spring in Jiangnan
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2871:Three Hundred Tang Poems
2758:Classical Chinese poetry
2054:Four Great Books of Song
1547:, copyrighted 1994-2005.
1478:Patton, Andy J. (2013).
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1053:Classical Chinese poetry
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837:Guangxi, in modern China
209:Traditional Chinese
112:Traditional Chinese
2965:List of poems (article)
1905:Secretariat-Chancellery
1550:Murck, Alfreda (2000).
1545:Encyclopædia Britannica
1038:Scroll for Zhang Datong
821:Pardon and exile, again
627:Jinshi and early career
508:Early years in Jiangnan
228:Simplified Chinese
134:Simplified Chinese
2536:Early Bessemer process
2504:Science and technology
1703:Nong Zhigao rebellions
1596:at China Online Museum
1170:Illustration from the
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565:, was an accomplished
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527:Jiangnan Summer View.
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3239:Song dynasty painters
3219:Painters from Jiangxi
2953:Individual poems list
2763:Modern Chinese poetry
1924:Ministry of Personnel
1829:Imperial examinations
1420:Murck, 187. Also see
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894:Further information:
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697:Further information:
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3254:12th-century Taoists
3249:Song dynasty Taoists
3224:People from Jiujiang
2909:Antithetical couplet
2792:Six Dynasties poetry
2060:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu
1834:Administrative units
1708:Song–Tibet relations
1683:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war
637:Imperial examination
2974:Modern compilations
2864:Complete Tang Poems
2610:Forensic entomology
2571:Watertight bulkhead
2450:Joint-stock company
1944:Ministry of Justice
1929:Ministry of Revenue
1839:Sixteen Prefectures
1084:Chinese calligraphy
1042:Chinese calligraphy
647:Tianjin earthquakes
493:traditional Chinese
441:traditional Chinese
3244:Song dynasty poets
3229:Poets from Jiangxi
3066:Emperor Wen of Han
2857:Nineteen Old Poems
2546:Astronomical clock
1753:Treaty of Shaoxing
1565:Willets, William,
1303:Murck, 158 and 161
1276:www.britannica.com
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2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2625:Dream Pool Essays
2517:Gunpowder weapons
2430:
2429:
1957:
1956:
1949:Ministry of Works
1934:Ministry of Rites
1881:Three Departments
1718:Fang La rebellion
1698:Wang Ze rebellion
1174:. Left to right:
455:Huang T'ing-chien
409:
408:
397:
396:
378:Standard Mandarin
339:
338:
320:Standard Mandarin
275:
274:
256:Standard Mandarin
198:
197:
192:Huang T'ing-chien
165:Standard Mandarin
3271:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3006:Cantonese poetry
2737:
2730:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2656:
2653:
2632:
2631:
2380:
2379: 1174–1189
2377:
2319:
2318: 1050–1080
2316:
2211:
2210: 1111–1117
2208:
2067:
2066:
2017:Longquan celadon
1985:Five Great Kilns
1877:
1876:
1804:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1572:Wang Yao-t'ing,
1533:
1530:
1524:
1512:Wang Yao-t'ing,
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1268:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1183:
1182:
1167:
1155:
1133:
1115:
896:Xiaoxiang poetry
890:XiaoXiang poetry
774:
773:
668:
667:
622:
621:
600:
599:
582:
581:
498:
490:
478:
457:
446:
438:
393:
392:
369:
368:
363:
362:
335:
334:
311:
310:
305:
304:
271:
270:
247:
246:
241:
240:
222:
221:
194:
193:
180:
179:
156:
155:
150:
149:
128:
127:
73:
40:
19:
18:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3052:
3045:
3015:
3010:
2999:Regional styles
2994:
2969:
2948:
2897:
2828:and collections
2827:
2821:
2767:
2746:
2741:
2711:
2702:
2654:
2630:
2586:Horner's method
2498:
2426:
2378:
2330:Emperor Huizong
2317:
2251:
2209:
2065:
1953:
1939:Ministry of War
1910:
1875:
1805:
1796:
1775:Mongol conquest
1693:Chanyuan Treaty
1653:Chenqiao mutiny
1634:
1628:
1590:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1258:
1254:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1189:
1168:
1159:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1107:
1099:
1061:
1031:
1018:
1006:
994:
946:
898:
892:
823:
794:
785:Empress Dowager
767:
751:Jizhou District
709:Su Shi (Dongpo)
701:
695:
675:
673:Teaching career
649:
629:
611:
531:, 10th century.
510:
505:
426:
85:
75:
71:
62:
52:
43:
42:Huang Tingjian.
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3277:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3158:Huang Tingjian
3155:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Jian'an poetry
2784:
2778:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:Chinese poetry
2740:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2655: 10th c.
2645:
2638:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:Wujing Zongyao
2519:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2173:Huang Tingjian
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1916:Six Ministries
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1856:Qingli Reforms
1853:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1676:Gaoliang River
1673:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1588:External links
1586:
1585:
1584:
1570:
1563:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1432:Murck, 187-188
1425:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1393:Murck, 162-163
1386:
1384:Murck, 161-162
1377:
1368:
1366:Murck, 158-160
1359:
1357:Murck, 160-161
1350:
1348:Murck, 158-159
1341:
1332:
1330:Murck, 158-159
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1294:Murck, 158-159
1287:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1060:
1057:
1030:
1027:
1017:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
990:
945:
942:
891:
888:
822:
819:
793:
790:
766:
763:
694:
691:
674:
671:
648:
645:
628:
625:
610:
607:
553:Five Dynasties
517:Takeuchi Seihō
509:
506:
504:
501:
429:Huang Tingjian
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
387:
381:
380:
374:
373:
372:Transcriptions
365:
364:
352:
346:
345:
341:
340:
337:
336:
329:
323:
322:
316:
315:
314:Transcriptions
307:
306:
288:
282:
281:
277:
276:
273:
272:
265:
259:
258:
252:
251:
250:Transcriptions
243:
242:
230:
224:
223:
211:
205:
204:
200:
199:
196:
195:
188:
182:
181:
178:Huáng Tíngjiān
174:
168:
167:
161:
160:
159:Transcriptions
152:
151:
136:
130:
129:
114:
108:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
78:Cangnan County
76:
74:(aged 59)
68:
64:
63:
55:Xiushui County
53:
51:August 9, 1045
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
23:Huang Tingjian
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3276:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Zhu Shouchang
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2602:Yingzao Fashi
2599:
2597:
2596:Liaodi Pagoda
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Tianchi basin
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:Zhao Mengjian
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:Wuzhun Shifan
2389:
2386:
2383:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1871:Three Bureaus
1869:
1867:
1866:Baojia system
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Huangtiandang
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:Jin–Song Wars
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:Song–Xia wars
1686:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Southern Tang
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1582:4-544-02066-2
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:0-674-00782-4
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1522:4-544-02066-2
1519:
1515:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1173:
1172:Long Corridor
1166:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1120:
1114:
1102:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1001:
999:
989:
986:
983:
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
954:
950:
941:
937:
935:
931:
927:
921:
919:
915:
914:Su Shi Dongpo
911:
902:
897:
887:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:Zhuang people
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
835:
827:
818:
816:
812:
808:
798:
789:
786:
782:
778:
769:The Yuanyou (
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
718:
716:
715:
710:
706:
700:
690:
688:
687:Khitan Empire
684:
683:Daming County
680:
670:
662:
653:
644:
642:
641:Song Shenzong
638:
634:
624:
616:
606:
604:
594:
590:
586:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
550:
546:
537:
530:
525:
518:
514:
500:
494:
486:
482:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
456:
450:
442:
434:
430:
424:
423:
418:
414:
404:
400:
388:
386:
382:
379:
375:
370:
366:
361:
358:
353:
351:
347:
342:
333:Shāngǔ Dàorén
330:
328:
324:
321:
317:
312:
308:
303:
300:
297:
294:
289:
287:
283:
280:Shangu Daoren
278:
266:
264:
260:
257:
253:
248:
244:
239:
236:
231:
229:
225:
220:
217:
212:
210:
206:
201:
189:
187:
183:
175:
173:
169:
166:
162:
157:
153:
148:
145:
142:
137:
135:
131:
126:
123:
120:
115:
113:
109:
104:
100:
96:
92:
90:Occupation(s)
88:
83:
79:
69:
65:
60:
56:
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
20:
3157:
3061:Emperor Shun
3047:
2987:
2980:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2890:
2883:
2878:Wangchuan ji
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2826:Poetry works
2697:Guo Shoujing
2623:
2614:
2600:
2591:Architecture
2576:Fishing reel
2551:Movable type
2521:
2491:
2385:Zhou Jichang
2336:Zhang Zeduan
2185:Zhou Bangyan
2172:
2077:Fan Zhongyan
2058:
2046:
2032:Yaozhou ware
2027:Qingbai ware
1861:New Policies
1666:Southern Han
1657:Unification
1631:Song dynasty
1573:
1566:
1551:
1544:
1528:
1513:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:
1100:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1050:
1037:
1019:
1007:
995:
987:
984:
973:
958:
938:
922:
907:
879:Song Dynasty
840:
803:
781:Song Zhezong
776:
768:
739:
719:
712:
702:
676:
658:
632:
630:
612:
584:
556:
549:Yangzi River
542:
469:calligrapher
465:Song dynasty
454:
452:
428:
427:
420:
413:Chinese name
385:Hanyu Pinyin
327:Hanyu Pinyin
263:Hanyu Pinyin
172:Hanyu Pinyin
106:Chinese name
72:(1105-05-24)
70:May 24, 1105
3184:1105 deaths
3179:1045 births
3120:Huang Xiang
2902:Major forms
2817:Qing poetry
2812:Ming poetry
2807:Yuan poetry
2802:Song poetry
2797:Tang poetry
2699:(1231–1316)
2693:(1202–1261)
2691:Qin Jiushao
2687:(1192-1279)
2681:(1186–1249)
2675:(1031–1095)
2669:(1020–1101)
2663:(1010–1070)
2648:Zhang Sixun
2493:Zhu Fan Zhi
2482:Champa rice
2446:(1021–1086)
2423:(1235–1305)
2417:(1222–1307)
2411:(1210–1269)
2405:(1199–1295)
2399:(1190–1230)
2393:(1178–1249)
2372:Lin Tinggui
2368:(1140–1210)
2362:(1120–1182)
2356:(1100–1197)
2350:(1096–1119)
2348:Wang Ximeng
2344:(1094-1172)
2338:(1085–1145)
2332:(1082–1135)
2326:(1051–1107)
2307:(1049–1106)
2301:(1036–1093)
2295:(1020–1090)
2289:(1019–1079)
2283:(1000–1064)
2248:(1170–1231)
2242:(1140–1207)
2236:(1130–1200)
2230:(1127–1206)
2224:(1126–1193)
2222:Fan Chengda
2218:(1125–1209)
2199:(1085–1144)
2193:(1084–1155)
2191:Li Qingzhao
2187:(1056–1121)
2181:(1047–1126)
2175:(1045–1105)
2169:(1039–1112)
2163:(1037–1101)
2157:(1033–1107)
2151:(1032–1085)
2145:(1022–1077)
2139:(1019–1086)
2133:(1019–1083)
2127:(1017–1073)
2121:(1012–1067)
2115:(1011–1077)
2109:(1009–1066)
2103:(1007–1072)
2097:(1002–1060)
2095:Mei Yaochen
2022:Cizhou ware
1899:Chancellery
1894:Secretariat
1822:Family tree
1780:Diaoyucheng
1241:White Peony
1059:Calligraphy
928:, the monk
883:Nong Zhigao
765:Yuanyou era
601:,in modern
417:family name
3173:Categories
3145:Yu Qianlou
3136:Yang Xiang
3132:Wang Xiang
2892:Zhuying ji
2782:Han poetry
2772:Poetry by
2751:Major eras
2644:(972–1051)
2561:Pound lock
2487:Nanhai One
2444:Wang Anshi
2342:Su Hanchen
2305:Li Gonglin
2275:Zhao Chang
2271:(970–1053)
2269:Xu Daoning
2265:(960–1030)
2246:Zhao Rukuo
2228:Yang Wanli
2137:Sima Guang
2125:Zhou Dunyi
2101:Ouyang Xiu
2091:(998–1061)
2085:(991–1055)
2079:(989–1052)
1810:Government
1539:References
1532:Murck, 157
1503:Murck, 177
1494:Murck, 157
1468:Murck, 159
1459:Murck, 159
1450:Murck, 159
1411:Murck, 179
1402:Murck, 179
1375:Murck, 160
1312:Murck, 158
1281:2023-11-23
1246:Yang Wanli
1178:, Fo Yin (
875:Guangnanxi
867:Han people
807:Lü Gongzhu
735:Ouyang Xiu
731:Sima Guang
727:Wang Anshi
725:), led by
705:New Policy
545:Huang clan
449:Wade–Giles
186:Wade–Giles
3149:Lady Tang
3140:Meng Zong
3103:Jiang Shi
3096:Dong Yong
3081:Zhong You
2635:Inventors
2512:Gunpowder
2421:Qian Xuan
2387:(12th c.)
2366:Liang Kai
2360:Zhao Boju
2299:Wang Shen
2281:Yi Yuanji
2277:(10th c.)
2149:Cheng Hao
2143:Zhang Zai
2131:Zeng Gong
2119:Cai Xiang
2113:Shao Yong
2037:Jian ware
2000:Guan ware
1990:Ding ware
1785:Xiangyang
1661:Later Shu
910:XiaoXiang
707:opponent
529:Dong Yuan
503:Biography
3124:Wang Pou
3117:Jiang Ge
3109:Ding Lan
3106:Cai Shun
3091:Laolaizi
2885:Wen Xuan
2673:Shen Kuo
2661:Jia Xian
2642:Bi Sheng
2566:Dry dock
2455:Banknote
2415:Gong Kai
2287:Wen Tong
2263:Fan Kuan
2256:Painters
2240:Xin Qiji
2197:Zhu Bian
2179:Cai Jing
2155:Cheng Yi
2005:Jun ware
1975:Religion
1846:Military
1817:Emperors
1748:Yancheng
1733:Jingkang
1644:Timeline
1230:See also
1016:Religion
998:beriberi
976:Fan Pang
965:Yongzhou
934:Qin Guan
930:Shenliao
861:(now in
811:Cai Bian
759:Shandong
743:Shen Kuo
459:; 1045,
411:In this
3128:Wu Meng
3076:Min Sun
2774:dynasty
2679:Song Ci
2667:Su Song
2556:Compass
2436:Economy
2397:Li Song
2311:Cui Bai
2089:Song Qi
2083:Yan Shu
2070:Writers
2010:Ru ware
1995:Ge ware
1967:Society
1963:Culture
1768:Caizhou
1758:Tangdao
1640:History
1422:後漢書/卷67
1105:Gallery
1079:xingshu
1044:in the
1010:Sun Jue
863:Guangxi
855:Wuchang
843:Huizong
815:Sichuan
777:Yuányòu
755:Jiangxi
747:catties
666:流民嘆/流民歎
661:Tianjin
635:in the
603:Jiangxi
567:painter
473:Chinese
461:Jiangxi
391:Peíwēng
350:Chinese
344:Peiweng
286:Chinese
84:, China
82:Guangxi
61:, China
59:Jiangxi
3100:Guo Ju
3086:Tan Zi
3071:Zengzi
2843:Chu Ci
2465:Guanzi
2460:Jiaozi
2293:Guo Xi
2234:Zhu Xi
2216:Lu You
2203:Zhu Yu
2167:Su Zhe
2161:Su Shi
2107:Su Xun
1980:Poetry
1763:Caishi
1633:topics
1580:
1558:
1520:
1236:Su Shi
1176:Su Shi
1142:Su Shi
1097:Poetry
1004:Family
992:Health
961:Yizhou
953:Yizhou
932:, and
926:Su Che
918:Hainan
859:Yizhou
633:jinshi
593:Han Yu
585:jinshi
571:bamboo
558:jinshi
495::
487::
481:Su Shi
475::
451::
443::
435::
415:, the
3113:Lu Ji
2943:yuefu
2685:Li Ye
2470:Huizi
2354:Li Di
2324:Mi Fu
1790:Yamen
1743:De'an
1252:Notes
1029:Works
969:Hunan
944:Death
851:Hubei
847:Ezhou
714:gushi
679:Hebei
615:Anhui
589:Du Fu
575:guqin
422:Huang
269:Lǔzhí
203:Luzhi
2531:Coke
2409:Muqi
1965:and
1578:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1186:wine
1022:Chan
869:and
591:and
67:Died
48:Born
2929:shi
2652:fl.
2376:fl.
2315:fl.
2207:fl.
605:).
569:of
497:文人畫
489:文人画
477:宋四家
445:黃庭堅
437:黄庭坚
419:is
30:黃庭堅
3175::
2936:qu
2922:fu
2915:ci
1274:.
1259:^
1181:佛印
817:.
775:,
772:元祐
753:,
733:,
689:.
620:李常
598:分寧
580:黃庶
563:Li
491:;
447:;
439:;
80:,
57:,
3040:e
3033:t
3026:v
2736:e
2729:t
2722:v
2657:)
2650:(
2381:)
2374:(
2320:)
2313:(
2212:)
2205:(
1907:)
1903:(
1646:)
1642:(
1623:e
1616:t
1609:v
1562:.
1284:.
1188:.
967:(
431:(
425:.
360:翁
357:涪
302:人
299:道
296:谷
293:山
238:直
235:鲁
219:直
216:魯
147:坚
144:庭
141:黄
125:堅
122:庭
119:黃
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