877:, Puerto Rico. In 1957, poet Ana Hilda Garrastegui Pellicia wrote a poem about Margenat titled "Siete Poemas a Hugo Margenat" His mother María Cristina Mediavilla, donated a collection of his written works to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture which, under the direction of Puerto Rican poet José Manuel Torres Santiago, were published in 1974 under the title "Obras Completas" (Complete Works). Torres Santiago produced a recording of the poems with the voice of Margenat. Among the books written about Margenat are "Hugo Margenat: poeta agónico" by Dr. Ramón Felipe Medina and "Extinguished lamp: letters to Hugo Margenat, Puerto Rican poet, 1933–1957" by John Ridland. His poems have served as the inspiration for various songs. Among those are Puerto Rican singer
115:
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494:, in which 4 Nationalist partisans and one policeman were killed. On February 23, 1936, two Nationalists named Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp, were arrested, transported to police headquarters, and executed within hours without trial for the murder of U.S. appointed Police Chief Francis Riggs. No policeman was ever tried or indicted for their deaths. On March 21, 1937, a peaceful march organized in the southern city of
446:(October 10, 1933 – April 7, 1957), was a Puerto Rican poet and Puerto Rican Independence advocate. His art was committed to serving a militant nationalistic agenda. He was the founder of the political youth pro-independence organizations "Acción Juventud Independentista" (Pro-independence Youth Action) and the "Federación de Universitarios Pro Independencia" (University Pro-Independence Federation of Puerto Rico).
773:" (FUPI) (University Pro-Independence Federation of Puerto Rico) and served as its vice president. His father, Alfredo Margenat became concerned of the younger Margenat's political activism and warned him that his actions may have a negative effect on his university education and his future as a poet, writer and citizen. However, with due time the senior Margenat was to become an admirer of his sons commitments.
565:, signed it into law on June 10, 1948. Under this new law it became a crime to print, publish, sell, or exhibit any material intended to paralyze or destroy the insular government; or to organize any society, group or assembly of people with a similar destructive intent. It made it illegal to sing a patriotic song, and reinforced the 1898 law that had made it illegal to display the
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Margenat's written works broke with the metaphysical approach of the transcendentalist poets who dominated the literary scene in the 1940s. His poem "Living Poetry" is cited and used as an example of the poetic term "Personification", a kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked
609:
against his wishes was 18-year-old
Margenat. During his tour of duty he witnessed that Puerto Ricans suffered high casualties and that there were communication problems between largely white, English-speaking officers and Spanish-speaking Puerto Rican enlisted men. To this effect he wrote the poem
769:. He continued his political activism during his student years and in April founded the pro-independence organization "Acción Juventud Independentista" (Pro-independence Youth Action) which he presided and in October of that same year he founded another pro-independence organization, "
1271:
of August 14, 1939. It is reported in the Cong. Rec., and various other publications elsewhere, that among those shot in their backs was a 7-year-old girl, Georgina
Maldonado, who "was shot in the back while running to a nearby
907:"Extinguished lamp: letters to Hugo Margenat, Puerto Rican poet, 1933–1957 (Into the teeth of the wind)"; by: John Ridland; Publisher: College of Creative Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara (2000); ASIN: B0006S3VL6
2349:
569:, with anyone found guilty of disobeying the law in any way being subject to a sentence of up to ten years imprisonment, a fine of up to US$ 10,000 (equivalent to $ 127,000 in 2023), or both. According to Dr.
506:) opened fire upon what a U.S. Congressman and others reported were unarmed and defenseless cadets and bystanders alike killing 19 and badly wounding over 200 more, many in their backs while running away. An
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514:. The march had been organized to commemorate the ending of slavery in Puerto Rico by the governing Spanish National Assembly in 1873, and to protest the incarceration by the
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At a young age
Margenat became a follower of Pedro Albizu Campos and the ideals of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. In 1950, Puerto Ricans were sent by the
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901:"Hugo Margenat: poeta agónico"; by: Dr. Ramón Felipe Medina, Publishwe: Institute of Puerto Rican Culture; San Juan, PR. Ediciones y Taller Ciba, 2006.
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573:, a non-PPD member of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives, the law was repressive and was in violation of the First Amendment of the
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1234:"Photos of police shooting with rifles (from positions previously occupied by marchers and bystanders) at bystanders running away"
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in his house in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was buried at the
Cementerio Municipal (Municipal Cemetery) San Jose in Villa Palmeras
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1547:"José Manuel Torres Santiago: encuentro y proyección de una de las voces importantes de la generación puertorriqueña del '60"
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by the Puerto Rican
Nationalist Party turned into a bloody event when the Insular Police ("a force somewhat resembling the
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1938:
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614:" (Open world) in 1956 where he also makes reference to the bombardment of the town of Jayuya by the military during
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about as if it were human, by
Handbook of Literary Terms. The following is a selected list of some of his poems.
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1477:
1389:
479:
104:
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2274:
1732:
904:"Obras Completas"; Author:Hugo Margenat; Publisher: Instituto De Cultura Puertorriquena; ISBN/UPC: ZZ000EUEGE
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1963:
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1085:"Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Civil Rights in Puerto Rico. The Commission, 70p, np, May 22, 1937"
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581:. He pointed out that the law as such was a violation of the civil rights of the people of Puerto Rico.
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and the local government which influenced
Margenat's political views and his way of thinking. The
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1943:
526:, were arrested and incarcerated for conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States.
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which was full of political turmoil. The island, which Spain ceded to the United States after the
249:
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1988:
1342:"La obra jurídica del Profesor David M. Helfeld (1948–2008)'; by: Dr. Carmelo Delgado Cintrón"
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1993:
1958:
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Various events took place in Puerto Rico during the 1930s thru the 1950s, involving the
466:. Puerto Ricans were denied the right to elect a Puerto Rican governor until 1949, when
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which would restrain the rights of the independence and nationalist movements on the
372:
37:
Noted poet and founder of the "Federación de
Universitarios Pro Independencia" (FUPI)
2218:
1928:
1550:
1286:
1254:
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1135:
597:. Those who were eligible and who did not volunteer into the military were drafted (
279:
2350:
Latin
American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
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953:
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1880:
1805:
254:
2329:
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2103:
2093:
2013:
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1264:
1142:
615:
574:
561:, technically "Law 53 of 1948") when the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico,
515:
503:
244:
171:
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1968:
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1155:"The "police riot" shot at the demonstrators as well as the crowd standing by"
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of the typical U.S. state" and which answered to the U.S.-appointed governor
362:
229:
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2008:
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Don Luis
Sanchez Frasquieri, President of the Ponce Rotary Club at the time
598:
357:
347:
234:
2048:
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1953:
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455:
32:
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522:. Soon thereafter, the leadership of the Nationalist party, including
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462:
was governed by an American appointed governor in accordance to the
2387:
1283:"Report of the ACLU as echoed by U.S. Congressman Vito Marcantonio"
549:, approved the bill. This bill, which resembled the anti-communist
510:
report declared it a massacre and it has since been known as the
1681:
1671:
1524:
470:
became the first Puerto Rican to be elected into said position.
1676:
1641:
1344:. Academiajurisprudenciapr.org. June 1, 1961. Archived from
507:
869:
On April 7, 1957 Margenat at the age of 24 years died of
553:
passed in the United States in 1940, became known as the
743:
como un rojo beso en el abrazo azul y desnudo del aire.
887:. and Miguel Cubano's "Vendrás", recorded in the album
537:. The Senate, which at the time was controlled by the
755:
like a red kiss in the naked and blue hug of the air.
1390:"La Gobernación de Jesús T. Piñero y la Guerra Fría"
915:
753:
and from its heat the fatherland sighed transforming
750:
Do not you forget that the light could not be hidden
486:
on October 24, 1935, a confrontation with police at
962:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
626:which occurred in Puerto Rico on October 30, 1950.
157:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1738:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
1258:, Speech before the U.S. House of Representatives.
529:On May 21, 1948, a bill was introduced before the
16:Puerto Rican politician and independence advocate
2401:
1501:
695:I know about the sadistic and drunken seamanship
881:'s "Al frente" which was recorded in the album
700:spreads through the streets and plazas vomiting
473:
1525:Datos históricos sobre la Literatura Pepiniana
1231:
771:Federación de Universitarios Pro Independencia
741:y a su calor la patria suspiró transformándose
2445:Members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1627:
424:
1310:Latino Americans and political participation
1023:
1017:
795:(1952–1953) "Brief words of the dark hours"
723:I know of the airplanes that machine-gunned
2440:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party politicians
1634:
1620:
813:(1953–1956) "Window toward the last thing"
738:No olvides que la luz no pudo ser ocultada
685:que como una avalancha de blanco estiércol
431:
417:
177:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
119:Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
31:
1447:. Isla_negra.zoomblog.com. Archived from
807:(1953–1954) "Vibrations of air and earth"
1728:Hostosian National Independence Movement
767:University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras
657:Hombre, rechaza el uniforme que denigra.
605:. Among those who were drafted into the
1708:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
1549:. Revista.agulha.nom.br. Archived from
682:Yo sé de la marinería borracha y sádica
2420:Politicians from San Juan, Puerto Rico
2402:
2371:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
2315:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1765:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
1301:
1267:The entire speech is contained in the
713:nuestros tejados en un día de octubre.
687:se riega por calles y plazas vomitando
672:I know of thousands of boots that sink
2470:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
2425:Puerto Rican people of French descent
2340:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
1615:
1541:
1539:
1502:Karen Chichester (January 22, 2009).
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
993:
991:
718:en fuego sembrando dolores profundos.
710:Yo sé de los aviones que ametrallaron
670:Man, reject the uniform that defames.
659:Yo sé de miles de botas que se hunden
1648:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
1504:"Introduction To Poetic Terminology"
1471:"Handbook of Literary Terms; page 9"
1370:. Topuertorico.org. January 13, 1941
1001:. Enciclopediapr.org. Archived from
860:(1933–1957) "The arms and the world"
793:Breves palabras de las horas prietas
698:that as an avalanche of white manure
662:en la tierra nuestra, destrozándola.
2455:Puerto Rican independence activists
715:Aquel horrible desprecio que llovía
667:Soldier: murderer of the fatherland
182:1954 United States Capitol shooting
13:
2475:Tuberculosis deaths in Puerto Rico
2465:20th-century American male writers
1536:
1430:
1382:
1059:"Law Library Microform Consortium"
988:
895:
765:In 1956, Margenat enrolled in the
728:That horrible contempt that rained
14:
2491:
726:our rooftops in a day of October.
1642:
1181:"US Congressman Vito Macartonio"
946:
932:
918:
776:
454:Margenat lived during an era in
113:
1718:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1587:
1565:
1518:
1495:
1463:
1404:
1360:
1334:
1285:. Cheverote.com. Archived from
1275:
1248:
1225:
1209:. Cheverote.com. Archived from
1183:. Cheverote.com. Archived from
1027:Puerto Rico Under Colonial Rule
2254:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1886:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1723:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1199:
1173:
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1103:
1077:
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480:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
449:
398:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
81:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1:
2275:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
2189:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1949:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1801:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
1412:"Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico"
982:
654:Soldado: asesino de la patria
378:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
2335:Truman assassination attempt
1713:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
1024:Bosque Pérez, Ramón (2006).
972:List of Puerto Rican writers
805:Vibraciones de aire y tierra
787:Primeros poemas (Vislumbres)
637:
591:United States War Department
474:Influential political events
7:
2460:20th-century American poets
2450:Puerto Rican Army personnel
2325:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1934:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
911:
848:"Three voices of the blood"
675:in our land, destroying it.
539:Partido Popular Democrático
167:San Juan Nationalist revolt
10:
2496:
1703:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1236:. Latinamericanstudies.org
1157:. Llmc.com. Archived from
1113:. Llmc.com. Archived from
1087:. Llmc.com. Archived from
1061:. Llmc.com. Archived from
1030:. SUNY Press. p. 71.
999:"Encyclopedia Puerto Rico"
854:"Flames of the broken sky"
819:(1954) "Extinguished lamp"
731:in fire sowing deep pains.
703:its black seal of pirates.
690:su negro sello de piratas.
631:Mundo Abierto (Open world)
618:led by Nationalist leader
2435:Puerto Rican male writers
2379:
2358:
2267:
2057:
2029:María de Lourdes Santiago
2024:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1899:
1866:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1773:
1746:
1695:
1654:
1263:January 12, 2012, at the
1141:January 12, 2012, at the
864:
789:(1950–1951) "First poems"
745:Sepa usted, Mundo abierto
488:University of Puerto Rico
90:Puerto Rican Independence
86:
76:
56:
42:
30:
23:
1861:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1831:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1821:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
2345:Cerro Maravilla murders
2290:Levantamiento de Ciales
2249:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
2169:Tomás López de Victoria
2154:Andres Figueroa Cordero
2144:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1964:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1826:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1816:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1811:Eugenio María de Hostos
1781:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1696:Political organizations
1530:August 4, 2009, at the
1392:(in Spanish). Issuu.com
1207:"Over 200 were wounded"
977:Puerto Rican literature
846:Tres voces de la sangre
842:"The hours of the land"
811:Ventana hacia lo último
801:(1952–1957) "Dark stay"
464:Treaty of Paris of 1898
343:Andres Figueroa Cordero
338:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
305:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
260:Tomás López de Victoria
99:Part of a series on the
2480:Deaths from meningitis
2244:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
2139:Isabel Freire de Matos
2129:Juan Antonio Corretjer
2079:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1909:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1836:José Gualberto Padilla
1774:19th century activists
1754:Cadets of the Republic
1747:Militant organizations
1368:"Puerto Rican History"
871:Tuberculous meningitis
840:Las horas de la tierra
758:Know this, Open World
518:of nationalist leader
353:Isabel Freire de Matos
328:Margot Arce de Vázquez
300:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
240:Juan Antonio Corretjer
143:Cadets of the Republic
2204:Helen Rodríguez Trías
2184:Francisco Matos Paoli
2149:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
2109:Rafael Cancel Miranda
2044:Carlos Alberto Torres
1944:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1900:20th and 21st century
1841:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1655:Indigenous resistance
1256:Five Years of Tyranny
967:List of Puerto Ricans
858:Los brazos y el mundo
601:) as a result of the
388:Helen Rodríguez Trías
270:Francisco Matos Paoli
250:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
220:Rafael Cancel Miranda
71:San Juan, Puerto Rico
50:San Juan, Puerto Rico
2295:Río Piedras massacre
1999:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1979:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1914:Félix Benítez Rexach
1759:Boricua Popular Army
1269:Congressional Record
1232:Antonio de la Cova.
1161:on December 14, 2010
1117:on December 14, 2010
1091:on December 14, 2010
1065:on December 14, 2010
484:Río Piedras massacre
460:Spanish–American War
403:Félix Benítez Rexach
322:Notable nationalists
133:Río Piedras massacre
2366:Grito de Lares flag
2259:Olga Viscal Garriga
2234:Clemente Soto Vélez
2224:Vidal Santiago Díaz
2134:José Ferrer Canales
2069:Pedro Albizu Campos
2019:Ángel Rivero Méndez
2004:Antonio S. Pedreira
1989:Luis Lloréns Torres
1984:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1856:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
1289:on January 12, 2012
1213:on January 12, 2012
1187:on January 12, 2012
1005:on January 13, 2016
852:Llama de cielo roto
831:(1956) "Open world"
641:(original version)
624:nationalist revolts
567:Flag of Puerto Rico
531:Puerto Rican Senate
524:Pedro Albizu Campos
520:Pedro Albizu Campos
368:José Ferrer Canales
310:Olga Viscal Garriga
290:Clemente Soto Vélez
285:Vidal Santiago Díaz
200:Pedro Albizu Campos
194:Nationalist leaders
2430:Puerto Rican poets
2285:Intentona de Yauco
2239:Griselio Torresola
2194:Ruth Mary Reynolds
2089:Casimiro Berenguer
2039:Alejandrina Torres
1994:Oscar López Rivera
1959:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1876:Fernando Fernandez
1871:Manuel Zeno Gandía
1451:on August 18, 2011
1313:. ABC-CLIO. 2004.
926:Puerto Rico portal
622:, one of the many
607:United States Army
603:Jones-Shafroth Act
545:) and presided by
295:Griselio Torresola
275:Ruth Mary Reynolds
210:Casimiro Berenguer
127:Events and revolts
2397:
2396:
2309:Ley de la Mordaza
2199:Germán Rieckehoff
2114:José Coll y Cuchí
2061:Nationalist Party
1974:Leopoldo Figueroa
1924:Americo Boschetti
1597:. Cancioneros.com
1595:"Aires bucaneros"
1348:on March 27, 2012
1037:978-0-7914-6417-5
940:Literature portal
825:(1955) "Elements"
763:
762:
579:Freedom of Speech
577:which guarantees
571:Leopoldo Figueroa
555:Ley de la Mordaza
441:
440:
383:Germán Rieckehoff
225:José Coll y Cuchí
150:Ley de la Mordaza
107:Nationalist Party
94:
93:
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1851:Juan Ríus Rivera
1786:Mariana Bracetti
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1553:on March 4, 2012
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1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1506:. Slideshare.net
1499:
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1483:on March 9, 2012
1482:
1476:. Archived from
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1414:. Archived from
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954:Biography portal
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593:to fight in the
547:Luis Muñoz Marín
468:Luis Muñoz Marín
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46:October 10, 1933
35:
21:
20:
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2490:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2375:
2354:
2330:Utuado Uprising
2320:Jayuya Uprising
2263:
2104:Nemesio Canales
2094:Julia de Burgos
2084:Elías Beauchamp
2074:José S. Alegría
2060:
2053:
2014:Miguel Poventud
1901:
1895:
1796:Roberto Cofresí
1791:Mathias Brugman
1769:
1742:
1733:Socialist Front
1691:
1650:
1640:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
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1545:
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1532:Wayback Machine
1523:
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1464:
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1431:
1421:
1419:
1418:on July 6, 2012
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
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1325:
1323:
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1290:
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1276:
1265:Wayback Machine
1253:
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1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1179:
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1174:
1164:
1162:
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1148:
1143:Wayback Machine
1134:
1130:
1120:
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1082:
1078:
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989:
985:
952:
947:
945:
938:
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924:
919:
917:
914:
898:
896:Further reading
890:Aires Bucaneros
867:
817:Lámpara apagada
799:Estancia Oscura
779:
759:
756:
754:
751:
746:
742:
739:
732:
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724:
719:
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704:
701:
699:
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683:
676:
673:
671:
668:
663:
660:
658:
655:
648:
646:
640:
634:
633:
616:Jayuya Uprising
587:
575:US Constitution
563:Jesús T. Piñero
516:U.S. government
504:Blanton Winship
476:
452:
437:
408:
407:
333:Elías Beauchamp
323:
315:
314:
245:Julia de Burgos
205:José S. Alegría
195:
187:
186:
172:Utuado uprising
162:Jayuya Uprising
128:
120:
106:
77:Political party
72:
69:
63:
61:
52:
47:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2493:
2483:
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2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2302:
2300:Ponce massacre
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:Grito de Lares
2277:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:Isolina Rondón
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Blanca Canales
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Elizam Escobar
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1929:Juan Mari Brás
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1897:
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837:
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761:
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734:
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709:
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705:
694:
692:
681:
678:
677:
666:
664:
653:
650:
649:
644:
642:
629:
628:
620:Blanca Canales
586:
583:
512:Ponce massacre
500:National Guard
475:
472:
451:
448:
439:
438:
436:
435:
428:
421:
413:
410:
409:
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324:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
280:Isolina Rondón
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:Blanca Canales
212:
207:
202:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
145:
140:
138:Ponce massacre
135:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
110:
109:
101:
100:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
68:(aged 23)
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Daniel Santos
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Isabel Rosado
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Hugo Margenat
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:Lolita Lebrón
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Oscar Collazo
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
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2077:
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2070:
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2056:
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2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Rubén Berríos
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1891:Marcos Xiorro
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Agustín Stahl
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:José de Diego
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
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1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1596:
1590:
1575:. Cancioneros
1574:
1573:"Cancioneros"
1568:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1505:
1498:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1391:
1385:
1369:
1363:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1322:
1320:1-85109-523-3
1316:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1235:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1111:"Law Library"
1106:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1004:
1000:
994:
992:
987:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
955:
944:
941:
930:
927:
916:
906:
903:
900:
899:
893:
892:
891:
886:
885:
884:Roy Brown III
880:
876:
872:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
836:
833:
830:
829:Mundo abierto
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
783:
777:Written works
774:
772:
768:
757:
748:
744:
736:
735:
730:
721:
717:
708:
707:
702:
693:
689:
680:
679:
674:
665:
661:
652:
651:
643:
638:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:Mundo abierto
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
447:
445:
444:Hugo Margenat
434:
429:
427:
422:
420:
415:
414:
412:
411:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
393:Daniel Santos
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
363:Isabel Rosado
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
319:
318:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:Hugo Margenat
263:
261:
258:
256:
255:Lolita Lebrón
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
230:Oscar Collazo
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
191:
190:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
151:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
124:
123:
116:
112:
111:
108:
103:
102:
98:
97:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
60:April 7, 1957
59:
55:
51:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Hugo Margenat
22:
19:
2386:
2308:
2209:Hiram Rosado
2179:René Marqués
2173:
2159:Irvin Flores
2124:Rosa Collazo
2059:Puerto Rican
2009:Pedro Pietri
1846:Manuel Rojas
1761:(Macheteros)
1667:Agüeybaná II
1599:. Retrieved
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:the original
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1445:"isla negra"
1420:. Retrieved
1416:the original
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1384:
1374:November 20,
1372:. Retrieved
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:the original
1336:
1324:. Retrieved
1309:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1287:the original
1277:
1268:
1255:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:the original
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:the original
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1149:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:the original
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1063:the original
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1026:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:the original
888:
882:
868:
857:
851:
845:
839:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
764:
752:
740:
725:
712:
697:
684:
669:
656:
630:
611:
599:conscription
588:
554:
538:
528:
477:
453:
443:
442:
373:René Marqués
358:Hiram Rosado
348:Irvin Flores
264:
235:Rosa Collazo
149:
105:Puerto Rican
18:
2415:1957 deaths
2410:1933 births
2049:Iris Zavala
2034:Piri Thomas
1954:Juan Dalmau
1662:Agüeybaná I
1601:January 17,
1579:January 17,
1557:January 17,
1510:January 17,
1487:January 17,
1455:January 17,
1396:January 17,
1352:January 17,
1293:January 17,
1240:January 17,
1217:January 17,
1191:January 17,
1165:January 17,
1121:January 17,
1095:January 17,
1069:January 17,
1009:January 17,
647:translation
585:Nationalism
535:archipelago
492:Río Piedras
456:Puerto Rico
450:Early years
2404:Categories
983:References
823:Intemperie
595:Korean War
490:campus in
64:1957-04-08
1939:Roy Brown
1902:activists
1043:March 17,
879:Roy Brown
551:Smith Act
148:Gag Law (
2388:Claridad
1528:Archived
1261:Archived
1139:Archived
912:See also
875:Santurce
835:Erosavia
87:Movement
2359:Symbols
2305:Gag Law
1687:Urayoán
1682:Jumacao
1672:Arasibo
1422:July 5,
1272:church"
645:English
639:Spanish
559:Gag Law
62: (
2268:Events
1677:Hayuya
1326:May 1,
1317:
1034:
865:Legacy
2380:Media
1481:(PDF)
1474:(PDF)
496:Ponce
1603:2012
1581:2012
1559:2012
1512:2012
1489:2012
1457:2012
1424:2012
1398:2012
1376:2011
1354:2012
1328:2009
1315:ISBN
1295:2012
1242:2012
1219:2012
1193:2012
1167:2012
1123:2012
1097:2012
1071:2012
1045:2009
1032:ISBN
1011:2012
508:ACLU
57:Died
43:Born
543:PPD
2406::
1538:^
1432:^
990:^
2311:)
2307:(
1635:e
1628:t
1621:v
1605:.
1583:.
1561:.
1514:.
1491:.
1459:.
1426:.
1400:.
1378:.
1356:.
1330:.
1297:.
1244:.
1221:.
1195:.
1169:.
1125:.
1099:.
1073:.
1047:.
1013:.
610:"
557:(
541:(
432:e
425:t
418:v
152:)
66:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
