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hundred children represent the character of the solar region of the Aztecs in that the daily sunrise was viewed as a celestial battle against the moon (Coyolxauhqui) and the stars (Centzon
Huitznahua). Another version of the myth, found in the historical chronicles of Diego Duran and Alvarado Tezozomoc, tells the story with strong historical allusion and portrays two Aztec factions in ferocious battle. The leader of one group, Huitzilopochtli, defeats the warriors of a woman leader, Coyolxauh, and tears open their breasts and eats their hearts. Both versions tell of the origin of human sacrifice at the sacred place, Coatepec, during the rise of the Aztec nation and at the foundation of Tenochtitlan.
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Huitzilopochtli triumphed at the top of the mountain, while his sister was dismembered and fell to pieces below, so
Huitzilopochtli's temple and icon sat triumphantly at the top of the Templo Mayor while the carving of the dismembered goddess lay far below. This drama of sacrificial dismemberment was vividly repeated in some of the offerings found around the Coyolxauhqui stone in which the decapitated skulls of young women were placed. This would suggest that there was a ritual reenactment of the myth at the dedication of the stone sometime in the latter part of the fifteenth century.
558:
276:
455:. These children, angered by the manner by which their mother became impregnated, conspired to kill her. Huitzilopochtli burst forth from his mother's womb in full armor and fully grown, or in other versions of the story, burst forth from the womb and immediately put on his gear. He attacked his older brothers and sister, defending his mother by beheading his sister and casting her body from the mountain top. He also chased after his brothers, who fled from him and became scattered all over the sky.
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pushed down the pyramid where the
Coyolxauhqui stone could be found. The Coyolxauhqui Stone recreates the story of Coyolxauhqui, Huitzilopochtli's sister who was dismembered at the base of a mountain, just as the sacrificial victims were. The body would be carried away and either cremated or given to the warrior responsible for the capture of the victim. He would either cut the body in pieces and send them to important people as an
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845:(November 9 to November 28) was the Aztec month dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. People decorated their homes and trees with paper flags; there were ritual races, processions, dances, songs, prayers, and finally human sacrifices. This was one of the more important Aztec festivals, and the people prepared for the whole month. They fasted or ate very little; a statue of the god was made with
604:(“the eagle’s people”). War was an important source of both human and material tribute. Human tribute was used for sacrificial purposes because human blood was believed to be extremely important, and thus powerful. According to Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli needed blood as sustenance in order to continue to keep his sister and many brothers at bay as he chased them through the sky.
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there for six months of the year—the entire duration of the winter—nourishing itself with the essence of the tree. It appears to be dead, but at the advent of spring, when the tree acquires new life and gives forth new leaves, the little bird, with the aid of the tree's life, is reborn. It goes from there to breed, and consequently the
Indians say that it dies and is reborn.
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dedicated to
Huitzilopochtli, while the blue shrine to the north was dedicated to Tlaloc. That these two deities were on opposite sides of the Great Temple is very representative of the Aztec dichotomy that the deities represent. Tlaloc, as the rain god, represented fertility and growth, while Huitzilopochtli, as the sun god, represented war and sacrifice.
766:
699:, Huitzilopochtli was so bright that the warrior souls had to use their shields to protect their eyes. They could only see the god through the arrow holes in their shields, so it was the bravest warrior who could see him best. Warriors and women who died during childbirth were transformed into hummingbirds upon death and went to join Huitzilopochtli.
794:
gold, and jewels, and was hidden behind a curtain to give it more reverence and veneration. Another variation lists him having a face that was marked with yellow and blue stripes and he carries around the fire serpent
Xiuhcoatl with him. According to legend, the statue was supposed to be destroyed by the soldier
753:. Many years later, Huitzilopochtli ordered the Aztecs to search for Copil's heart and build their city over it. The sign would be an eagle perched on a cactus, eating a precious serpent, and the place would become their permanent home. After much traveling, they arrived at the area which would eventually be
793:
or as an anthropomorphic figure with just the feathers of such on his head and left leg, a black face, and holding a scepter shaped like a snake and a mirror. According to the
Florentine Codex, Huitzilopochtli's body was painted blue. In the great temple his statue was decorated with cloth, feathers,
702:
As the precise studies of
Johanna Broda have shown, the creation myth consisted of “several layers of symbolism, ranging from a purely historical explanation to one in terms of cosmovision and possible astronomical content.” At one level, Huitzilopochtli's birth and victorious battle against the four
885:
For the reconsecration of Great
Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, dedicated to Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli, the Aztecs reported that they sacrificed about 20,400 prisoners over the course of four days. While accepted by some scholars, this claim also has been considered Aztec propaganda. There were 19
685:
Many gods in the pantheon of deities of the Aztecs were inclined to have a fondness for a particular aspect of warfare. However, Huitzilopochtli was known as the primary god of war in ancient Mexico. Since he was the patron god of the Mexica, he was credited with both the victories and defeats that
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For six months of the year is dead, and for six it is alive. And, as I have said, when it feels that winter is coming, it goes to a perennial, leafy tree and with its natural instinct seeks out a crack. It stands upon a twig next to that crack, pushes its beak into it as far as possible, and stays
745:, who, according to legend, founded Malinalco, but the Aztecs resented her ruling and called back Huitzilopochtli. He put his sister to sleep and ordered the Aztecs to leave the place. When she woke up and realized she was alone, she became angry and desired revenge. She gave birth to a son called
576:
When the Aztecs sacrificed people to
Huitzilopochtli, the victim would be placed on a sacrificial stone. The priest would then cut through the abdomen with an obsidian or flint blade. The heart would be torn out still beating and held towards the sky in honor to the Sun-God. The body would then be
813:
He always had a blue-green hummingbird helmet in any of the depictions found. In fact, his hummingbird helmet was the one item that consistently defined him as Huitzilopochtli, the sun god, in artistic renderings. He is usually depicted as holding a shield adorned with balls of eagle feathers, a
663:
wrote, "These two gods were always meant to be together, since they were considered companions of equal power." The Templo Mayor consisted of a pyramidal platform, on top of which were twin temples, one painted with blue stripes and the other painted red. The red shrine, on the south side, was
588:
During the festival of Panquetzaliztli, of which Huitzilopochtli was the patron, sacrificial victims were adorned in the manner of Huitzilopochtli's costume and blue body paint, before their hearts would be sacrificially removed. Representations of Huitzilopochtli called teixiptla were also
676:
was found directly at the base of the stairway leading up to Huitzilopochtli's temple. On both sides of the stairway's base were two large grinning serpent heads. The image is clear. The Templo Mayor is the image of Coatepec or Serpent Mountain where the divine battle took place. Just as
458:
Huitzilopochtli is seen as the sun in mythology, while his many male siblings are perceived as the stars and his sister as the moon. In the Aztec worldview, this is the reason why the Sun is constantly chasing the Moon and stars. It is also why it was so important to provide tribute for
530:
by Rafael Tena and published by the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico, the author gives the last day of the Nahuatl month Panquetzaliztli as the date of the celebration of the rebirth of the Lord Huitzilopochtli on top of Coatepec (Snake Hill); December 9 in the
515:
There were 18 especially holy festive days, and only one of them was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. This celebration day, known as Toxcatl, falls within the fifteenth month of the Mexican calendar. During the festival, captives and slaves were brought forth and slain ceremoniously.
741:". Huitzilopochtli ordered them to abandon Aztlán and find a new home. He also ordered them never to call themselves Aztec; instead they should be called "Mexica." Huitzilopochtli guided them through the journey. For a time, Huitzilopochtli left them in the charge of his sister,
411:
There are a handful of origin mythologies describing the deity's beginnings. One story tells of the cosmic creation and Huitzilopochtli's role in it. According to this legend, he was the smallest son of four — his parents being the creator couple of the
508:, the solar god from the Nahua legend. Huitzilopochtli was said to be in a constant struggle with the darkness and required nourishment in the form of sacrifices to ensure the sun would survive the cycle of 52 years, which was the basis of many
646:
The most important and powerful structure in Tenochtitlan is the Templo Mayor. Its importance as the sacred center is reflected in the fact that it was enlarged frontally eleven times during the two hundred years of its existence. The
568:
Ritual Sacrifice and self bloodletting were key offerings. The Aztecs performed ritual self-sacrifice (also called autosacrifice or blood-letting) on a daily basis. The Aztecs believed that Huitzilopochtli needed daily nourishment
852:
seeds and honey, and at the end of the month, it was cut into small pieces so everybody could eat a little piece of the god. After the Spanish conquest, cultivation of amaranth was outlawed, while some of the festivities were
436:("Smoking Mirror"). His mother and father instructed him and Quetzalcoatl to bring order to the world. Together, Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcoatl created fire, the first male and female humans, the Earth, and the Sun.
1292:
277:
693:, in this new vision from Tlacaelel, the warriors that died in battle and women who died in childbirth would go to serve Huitzilopochtli in his palace (in the south, or left). From a description in the
1081:'parte izquierda' es el modificado y no el modificador por estar a la derecha, por lo que la traducción literal sería 'parte izquierda de colibrí', ver por ejemplo, F. Karttunen (1983), p. 91
333:
was common in worship ceremonies. These took place frequently throughout the region. When performed, typically multiple victims were sacrificed per day at any one of the numerous temples.
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Huitzilopochtli as sustenance for the Sun. If Huitzilopochtli did not have enough strength to battle his siblings, they would destroy their mother and thus the world.
1281:
1662:
Diaz says that upon hearing of Cortezes’ victory over the Cholullans he immediately ordered a number of Indians to be sacrificed to the warrior god Huitzilopochtli.
2099:
523:, Aztecs believed that they could give strength to Huitzilopochtli with human blood and thereby postpone the end of the world, at least for another 52 years.
738:
870:, in Tenochtitlan approximately sixty prisoners were sacrificed at the festivities. Sacrifices were reported to be made in other Aztec cities, including
2002:
Codex Chimalpahin, Volume 2: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico
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Codex Chimalpahin, Volume 2: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico
1829:
610:
3142:
1367:
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aunque el término ha sido traducido habitualmente como 'colibrí zurdo' o 'colibrí del sur', existe desacuerdo entorno al significado ya que el
573:) in the form of human blood and hearts and that they, as “people of the sun,” were required to provide Huitzilopochtli with his sustenance.
341:
There continues to be disagreement about the full significance of Huītzilōpōchtli's name. Generally it is agreed that there are two elements,
749:. When he grew up, he confronted Huitzilopochtli, who had to kill him. Huitzilopochtli then took his heart out and threw it in the middle of
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585:. The warrior would thus ascend one step in the hierarchy of the Aztec social classes, a system that rewarded successful warriors.
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the Mexica people had on the battlefield. The people had to make sacrifices to him to protect the Aztec from infinite night.
357:"left hand side." The name is often translated as "Left-Handed Hummingbird" or "Hummingbird of the South" on the basis that
589:
worshipped, the most significant being the one at the Templo Mayor which was made of dough mixed with sacrificial blood.
1640:
1557:
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1987:. Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature, No. VIII (in English and Nāhuatl). Philadelphia: D.G. Brinton.
1765:
1740:
953:
834:
An imaginative European depiction of an Aztec shrine. The idol of Huitzilopochtli is seated in the background. (1602)
451:). Her other children, who were already fully grown, were the four hundred male Centzonuitznaua and the female deity
2445:
2274:
Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
900:
552:
330:
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in the 1530s, only to be lost again. There is speculation that the statue still exists in a cave somewhere in the
3427:
3307:
3252:
1945:
1509:
Boone, Elizabeth. "Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe".
17:
519:
Every 52 years, the Nahuas feared the world would end as the other four creations of their legends had. Under
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746:
1495:
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1211:
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1798:
Mesoamerican Mythologies: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
719:; An eagle representing Huitzilopochtli, which exhales the atl-tlachinolli (war symbol), is perched on a
2165:
Klein, Cecelia, F. (2008). "A New Interpretation of the Aztec Statue Called Coatlicue, 'Snakes-Her-Skirt
2095:
3207:
3167:
2183:
The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion
1862:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1837:
1676:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1591:
1321:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1157:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
404:
258:
443:, being impregnated as she was sweeping by a ball of feathers on Mount Coatepec ("Serpent Hill"; near
387:
does. He writes, "It appears to be dead, but at the advent of spring, ... the little bird is reborn."
3377:
592:
3247:
3222:
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2458:
2244:
2158:
Elzey, Wayne (1991). "A Hill on a Land Surrounded by Water: An Aztec Story of Origin and Destiny".
467:
444:
3282:
2652:
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2209:
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617:
376:, implying that a more accurate translation may be "the left (or south) side of the hummingbird".
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971:
Cacería, Sacrificio y Poder en Mesoamérica: Tras las Huellas de Mixcóatl, 'Serpiente de Nube'
905:
882:, but the number is unknown, and no currently available archeological findings confirm this.
871:
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948:(in Spanish). Editorial Porrúa. pp. 193, 194, 1985, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202.
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3257:
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1937:
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Codex Telleriano-Remensis: Ritual, Divination, and History in a Pictorial Aztec Manuscript
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8:
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Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe
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222:
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describes what appears to be the hummingbird hibernating in a tree, somewhat like the
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1128:
1058:
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974:
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582:
369:
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2726:
1944:. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 79 part 2. Philadelphia:
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73:
Blue Tezcatlipoca, Omiteotl, Mextli, Mexi, Huitzitlon, Huitzilton, Tzintzuni, Huitzi
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3117:
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2385:
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2181:
1408:
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270:
228:
90:
84:
62:
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1977:
Rig Veda Americanus. Sacred Songs of the Ancient Mexicans, with a Gloss in Nahuatl
866:
314:, the fire serpent, as a weapon, thus also associating Huitzilopochtli with fire.
3287:
3217:
3182:
3003:
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2040:
Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of Empire: Myths and Prophecies in the Aztec Tradition
1860:
1674:
1459:
Quetzalcoatl and the irony of empire: myths and prophecies in the Aztec tradition
1319:
1155:
1019:
656:
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448:
384:
358:
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2390:(4th University of Texas printing ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
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1586:
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1971:
842:
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homage to his mother and the story of his birth. He also holds the blue snake,
807:
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318:
295:
234:
155:
3202:
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2131:
2087:
2057:
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380:
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3197:
2972:
2791:
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2751:
2716:
2706:
2495:
2123:
819:
485:
413:
395:
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2405:
2311:
Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain, 13 vols. in 12
2297:
2262:
2231:
2201:
1963:
1929:
600:
Warriors who died in battle or as sacrifices to Huitzilopochtli were called
3432:
3412:
3272:
3157:
3147:
3023:
2987:
2916:
2856:
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2657:
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1992:
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1207:
778:
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716:
648:
632:
501:
493:
433:
425:
307:
218:
212:
204:
2367:
2345:
1237:"Readings in Classical Nahuatl: The Murders of Coatlicue and Coyolxauhqui"
854:
3367:
3342:
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3043:
3018:
2921:
2901:
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1975:
830:
790:
786:
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727:
There are several legends and myths of Huitzilopochtli. According to the
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283:
173:
130:
110:
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2177:
2108:(6th printing (1973) ed.). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.
875:
562:
429:
373:
299:
208:
177:
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reformed their religion and put Huitzilopochtli at the same level as
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311:
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187:
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56:
2836:
2821:
2816:
2801:
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2588:
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1621:
1552:. Boulder, Colorado: The University of Chicago Press. p. 167.
1409:"Huitzilopochtli | Aztec God of War & Sun Worship | Britannica"
846:
183:
2450:
2021:
Cosmovision, Ritual E Identidad de Los Pueblos Indigenas de Mexico
1733:
Cosmovision, Ritual E Identidad de Los Pueblos Indigenas de Mexico
802:. The statue appeared some years later during an investigation by
2866:
2826:
2806:
2736:
2681:
2269:
504:, making him a solar god. Through this, Huitzilopochtli replaced
2151:
1132:
2911:
2831:
2514:
1635:. Boulder, Colorado: University of Chicago Press. p. 167.
652:
497:
481:
144:
42:
1999:
1755:
773:
737:. They lived under the ruling of a powerful elite called the "
2362:(online reproduction ed.). London: G. G. Harrap and Co.
2216:. Michel Besson (illus.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
720:
303:
140:
97:
47:
379:
The hummingbird was spiritually important in Aztec culture.
2871:
1241:
120:
1914:(revised ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
757:
on an island in the Lago Texcoco of the Valley of Mexico.
361:
associated the south with the left hand side of the body.
2304:
2094:
2064:
1282:"The Birth of Huitzilopochtli, Patron God of the Aztecs"
1017:
352:
342:
2208:
2172:
1123:. Translated by Fernando Horcasitas and Doris Heyden.
484:
tribe. Originally, he was of little importance to the
1936:
651:
of Tenochtitlan was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli and
428:("Precious Serpent" or "Quetzal-Feathered Serpent"),
2000:
de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin, Don Domingo (1997).
1756:
de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin, Don Domingo (1997).
1543:
1541:
1539:
1909:
1809:
1807:
789:, Huitzilopochtli could be represented either as a
2418:(online version, incorporating reproductions from
2271:
1970:
1859:
1673:
1511:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1318:
1154:
2322:(eds., trans., notes and illus.) (translation of
1536:
943:
733:, the Aztecs originally came from a place called
3450:
2324:Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España
2238:
1866:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 195.
1804:
1680:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
1436:Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España
1325:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 194.
1161:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
439:Another origin story tells of a fierce goddess,
2037:
1902:
1800:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
1261:
1259:
1148:
1146:
968:
841:described the festivities for Huitzilopochtli.
723:. Teocalli of the Sacred War, sculpted in 1325.
39:God of war and will, Lord of the Sun and fire.
2420:Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine
2412:
2380:
2466:
2415:"Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique"
2352:
2326: ed.). Santa Fe, NM and Salt Lake City:
1658:The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
1492:La flor letal: economía del sacrificio azteca
1021:The True History of The Conquest of New Spain
918:
2270:Read, Kay Almere; Jason J. González (2002).
1818:. Miguel Leon-Portilla. Book III, Chapter 1.
1655:
1256:
1143:
1024:. Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated.
2130:
1785:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 187.
1720:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 204.
1705:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 211.
1617:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 221.
1270:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 217.
1186:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 216.
1115:
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2459:
2004:. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1760:. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1366:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
973:(in Spanish). Fondo de Cultura Económica.
706:
480:Huitzilopochtli was the patron god of the
55:
1053:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp.
1044:
667:
2138:. Translated by Fernando Horcasitas and
2042:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1830:"Who Are the Deities of War and Battle?"
1633:Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of the Empire
1630:
1550:Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of the Empire
1547:
1489:
1461:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1456:
829:
772:
769:Huitzilopochtli in the Codex Borbonicus.
764:
710:
591:
556:
466:
394:
3358:Romances de los señores de Nueva España
1345:
596:Prisoners for sacrifice were decorated.
14:
3451:
2241:Time and Sacrifice in the Aztec Cosmos
1584:
1234:
1203:The History of the Indies of New Spain
269:
2454:
2070:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
2018:
1834:About.com Religion & Spirituality
1783:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1730:
1718:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1703:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1615:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1527:
1403:
1401:
1268:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1235:Jordan, David K. (January 23, 2016).
1196:
1184:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
798:, but it was rescued by a man called
528:El Calendario Mexica y la Cronografia
2441:The Gods and Goddesses of the Aztecs
1857:
1795:
1671:
1316:
1152:
886:altars in the city of Tenochtitlan.
488:, but after the rise of the Aztecs,
471:Huitzilopochtli, as depicted in the
2480:
1888:"God of the Month: Huitzilopochtli"
1813:
1780:
1715:
1700:
1612:
1265:
1181:
1049:An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl
641:
539:with the variant of December 18 in
61:Huitzilopochtli as depicted in the
24:
2330:and the University of Utah Press.
2104:. Penguin Classics. Translated by
2023:. Fondo de Cultura Economica USA.
1985:EBook #14993, online reproduction)
1735:. Fondo de Cultura Economica USA.
1398:
715:The founding of the Aztec capital
25:
3495:
3253:Lienzo de Coixtlahuaca I & II
2498:: Ometēcuthli and Omecihuātl (or
2434:
1912:Introduction to Classical Nahuatl
1508:
1018:Bernal Diaz del Castillo (2012).
390:
2513:
901:Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
818:, in his hand in the form of an
624:
616:Human sacrifice as shown in the
609:
561:Human sacrifice depicted in the
553:Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
3428:Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I
3308:Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco
3258:Lienzo de Santa María Nativitas
2186:. London: Thames & Hudson.
2072:. London: Thames & Hudson.
1880:
1851:
1822:
1789:
1774:
1749:
1724:
1709:
1694:
1665:
1649:
1606:
1578:
1566:
1521:
1502:
1483:
1450:
1441:
1425:
1374:
1339:
1310:
1298:from the original on 2022-10-09
1274:
1228:
1190:
1175:
581:, or use the pieces for ritual
271:[wiːt͡siloːˈpoːt͡ʃt͡ɬi]
3268:Lienzo de Zacatepec I & II
2446:Short description and an image
1946:American Philosophical Society
1109:
1084:
1071:
1038:
1011:
987:
962:
946:Diccionario de Mitología Nahoa
760:
13:
1:
655:, the rain god. 16th century
325:. During their discovery and
321:recorded the deity's name as
2359:The Myths of Mexico and Peru
2144:University of Oklahoma Press
1910:Andrews, J. Richard (2003).
1903:General and cited references
1490:Duverger, Christian (2005).
1212:University of Oklahoma Press
1125:University of Oklahoma Press
911:
680:
546:
336:
327:conquest of the Aztec Empire
7:
3403:Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca
3263:Lienzo de Santiago Ihuitlan
2328:School of American Research
1045:Karttunen, Frances (1992).
889:
825:
10:
3500:
3363:Codex Santa Maria Asunción
3143:Boban Aztec Calendar Wheel
1656:Diaz de Castillo, Bernal.
1592:World History Encyclopedia
1528:Smith, Michael E. (2011).
1496:Fondo de Cultura Económica
944:Cecilio A. Robelo (1985).
550:
462:
424:) while his brothers were
3378:Codex Telleriano-Remensis
3168:Mapas de Cuauhtinchan 1-4
3138:Codices Becker I & II
3100:
3072:
2996:
2930:
2564:
2522:
2511:
2488:
2239:Read, Kay Almere (1998).
2101:The Conquest of New Spain
2096:Díaz del Castillo, Bernal
1858:Read, Key Almere (2000).
1796:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1672:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1352:. Philadelphia. pp.
1317:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1153:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
796:Gil González de Benavides
432:("Our Lord Flayed"), and
306:and their capital city,
244:
197:
166:
161:
151:
136:
126:
116:
106:
77:
69:
54:
37:
32:
27:Aztec war and solar deity
3318:Plano en papel de maguey
3128:Codices Azoyú I & II
2428:(in French and Nāhuatl).
2245:Indiana University Press
2038:Carrasco, David (1982).
1781:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1716:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1701:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1631:Carrasco, David (1982).
1613:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1548:Carrasco, David (1982).
1532:. John Wiley & Sons.
1457:Carrasco, David (1982).
1346:Brinton, Daniel (1890).
1266:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1182:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1096:Encyclopaedia Britannica
969:Guilhem Olivier (2015).
3113:Aubin Manuscript no. 20
2413:Wimmer, Alexis (2006).
2280:Oxford University Press
2278:. Oxford and New York:
2019:Broda, Johanna (2001).
1731:Broda, Johanna (2001).
707:Origins of Tenochtitlan
353:
343:
262:
3248:Lienzo Antonio de León
2306:Sahagún, Bernardino de
2210:Quiñones Keber, Eloise
2136:Book of Gods and Rites
1574:Book of Gods and Rites
1121:Book of Gods and Rites
896:History of Mexico City
835:
782:
770:
724:
668:The Coyolxauhqui stone
597:
565:
535:or December 19 in the
477:
408:
372:compounds are usually
3408:Codex Totomixtlahuaca
3348:Relación de Michoacán
3298:Códice Maya de México
3283:Matrícula de Tributos
3208:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
2653:Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
2320:Arthur J. O. Anderson
2068:; Rex Koontz (2008).
1938:Boone, Elizabeth Hill
1814:Sahagún, Bernardino.
1432:Bernardino de Sahagún
906:List of solar deities
833:
776:
768:
714:
595:
560:
470:
405:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
398:
3469:Mesoamerican deities
3438:Codex Zouche-Nuttall
3388:Anales de Tlatelolco
3278:Codex Magliabechiano
2528:(Four Tezcatlipocas)
2387:Aztec and Maya Myths
2169:" Ethnohistory 55(2)
2160:History of Religions
1386:www.mexicolore.co.uk
777:Xiuhtecuhtli in the
691:Miguel León-Portilla
618:Codex Magliabechiano
3328:Codex Porfirio Díaz
3323:Primeros Memoriales
3238:Codex Ixtlilxochitl
3233:Humboldt fragment 1
3223:Códice de Huichapan
3133:Badianus Manuscript
3087:The Stinking Corpse
1349:Rig Veda Americanus
1289:Porteau High School
739:Azteca Chicomoztoca
368:points out that in
223:Centzon Huitznahuac
91:Ilhuicatl-Xoxoauhco
3293:Crónica Mexicayotl
3178:Codex Chimalpopoca
2767:Itzpapalotlcihuatl
2747:Huitztlampaehecatl
2608:Tezcatlipoca (see
2574:Lords of the Night
1972:Brinton, Daniel G.
1585:Cartwright, Mark.
1413:www.britannica.com
836:
783:
771:
725:
674:Coyolxauhqui stone
598:
566:
537:Gregorian calendar
510:Mesoamerican myths
478:
409:
329:, they wrote that
298:. He was also the
237:(Codex Azcatitlan)
225:(Codex Florentine)
190:(Codex Florentine)
85:Ilhuicatl-Teteocan
41:Patron god of the
3446:
3445:
3423:Codex Vaticanus B
3383:Tira de Tepechpan
3228:Codex Huexotzinco
3173:Codex Chimalpahin
3092:Use of entheogens
3059:Tlillan-Tlapallan
2953:Centzon Tōtōchtin
2948:Centzonhuītznāhua
2674:Acuecueyotl (see
2529:
2397:978-0-292-78130-6
2337:978-0-87480-082-1
2316:Charles E. Dibble
2289:978-0-19-514909-8
2254:978-0-253-33400-8
2223:978-0-292-76901-4
2193:978-0-500-05068-2
2115:978-0-14-044123-9
2079:978-0-500-28755-2
2049:978-0-226-09487-8
2030:978-968-16-6178-6
2011:978-0-8061-2950-1
1983:Project Gutenberg
1955:978-0-87169-792-9
1921:978-0-8061-3452-9
1873:978-0-19-514909-8
1687:978-0-19-514909-8
1587:"Huitzilopochtli"
1498:. pp. 83–93.
1438:(op. cit.), p. 76
1332:978-0-19-514909-8
1221:978-0-8061-2649-4
1200:(October 1994) .
1198:Durán, Fray Diego
1168:978-0-19-514909-8
1092:"Huitzilopochtli"
1064:978-0-8061-2421-6
1031:978-1-60384-817-6
980:978-607-16-3216-6
864:According to the
370:Classical Nahuatl
366:Frances Karttunen
259:Classical Nahuatl
252:
251:
215:(Codex Zumarraga)
180:(Codex Zumarraga)
16:(Redirected from
3491:
3393:Codex Tlatelolco
3213:Codex Florentine
3153:Codex Borbonicus
3123:Codex Azcatitlan
3118:Aubin Tonalamatl
3049:Thirteen Heavens
2812:Mictlanpachecatl
2772:Itzpapalotltotec
2692:Chalchiuhtotolin
2633:Lords of the Day
2527:
2517:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2429:
2427:
2409:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2349:
2301:
2277:
2266:
2235:
2205:
2168:
2155:
2127:
2091:
2061:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1986:
1967:
1933:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1836:. Archived from
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:Florentine Codex
1811:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1679:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1382:"Self-sacrifice"
1378:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1357:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1206:. Translated by
1194:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1160:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1052:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
991:
985:
984:
966:
960:
959:
941:
804:Bishop Zummáraga
696:Florentine Codex
642:The Templo Mayor
628:
613:
356:
346:
281:
280:
279:
273:
268:
229:Centzon Mimixcoa
93:(Seventh Heaven)
87:(Twelfth Heaven)
63:Codex Borbonicus
59:
30:
29:
21:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3459:Avian humanoids
3449:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3288:Codex Mexicanus
3218:Codex Huamantla
3193:Codex Cozcatzin
3183:Codex Colombino
3096:
3074:
3068:
2992:
2943:Centzonmīmixcōa
2926:
2777:Itztlacoliuhqui
2676:Chalchiuhtlicue
2599:Piltzintecuhtli
2584:Chalchiuhtlicue
2560:
2536:Huītzilōpōchtli
2526:
2518:
2509:
2484:
2482:Aztec mythology
2479:
2437:
2432:
2417:
2398:
2372:
2370:
2338:
2314:. vols. I-XII.
2290:
2255:
2243:. Bloomington:
2224:
2194:
2166:
2116:
2080:
2066:Coe, Michael D.
2050:
2031:
2012:
1980:
1956:
1922:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1812:
1805:
1794:
1790:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1729:
1725:
1714:
1710:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1670:
1666:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1629:
1622:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1546:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1507:
1503:
1488:
1484:
1469:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1359:
1358:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1264:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1214:. p. 584.
1195:
1191:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1151:
1144:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1016:
1012:
1003:
1001:
993:
992:
988:
981:
967:
963:
956:
942:
919:
914:
892:
843:Panquetzaliztli
828:
763:
709:
683:
670:
644:
637:
629:
620:
614:
571:tlaxcaltiliztli
555:
549:
533:Julian calendar
465:
393:
385:common poorwill
359:Aztec cosmology
339:
331:human sacrifice
275:
274:
266:
263:Huītzilōpōchtli
255:Huitzilopochtli
240:
231:(Codex Ramirez)
193:
156:Panquetzaliztli
102:
65:
50:
33:Huitzilopochtli
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3497:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3418:Anales de Tula
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3333:Mapa Quinatzin
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3163:Codex Boturini
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3024:Huēyi Teōcalli
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2797:Malinalxochitl
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Mictēcacihuātl
2640:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2594:Mictlāntēcutli
2591:
2586:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2500:Tōnacātēcuhtli
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2435:External links
2433:
2431:
2430:
2410:
2396:
2382:Taube, Karl A.
2378:
2350:
2336:
2302:
2288:
2267:
2253:
2236:
2222:
2206:
2192:
2170:
2163:
2162:31(2): 105–149
2156:
2128:
2114:
2092:
2078:
2062:
2048:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2010:
1997:
1974:, ed. (1890).
1968:
1954:
1934:
1920:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1872:
1850:
1821:
1803:
1788:
1773:
1766:
1748:
1741:
1723:
1708:
1693:
1686:
1664:
1660:. p. 206.
1648:
1642:978-0226094878
1641:
1620:
1605:
1577:
1565:
1559:978-0226094878
1558:
1535:
1520:
1501:
1482:
1468:978-0226094878
1467:
1449:
1447:Sahagún, Ibid.
1440:
1424:
1397:
1373:
1338:
1331:
1309:
1273:
1255:
1227:
1220:
1189:
1174:
1167:
1142:
1108:
1083:
1070:
1063:
1037:
1030:
1010:
986:
979:
961:
954:
916:
915:
913:
910:
909:
908:
903:
898:
891:
888:
827:
824:
808:Anahuac Valley
762:
759:
743:Malinalxochitl
708:
705:
682:
679:
669:
666:
643:
640:
639:
638:
630:
623:
621:
615:
608:
551:Main article:
548:
545:
464:
461:
418:Tōnacātēcuhtli
392:
391:Origin stories
389:
338:
335:
296:Aztec religion
250:
249:
246:
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241:
239:
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235:Malinalxochitl
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159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
101:
100:
94:
88:
81:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
60:
52:
51:
38:
35:
34:
26:
18:Huizilopochtli
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3496:
3485:
3484:Tutelary gods
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Mapa Sigüenza
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Codex Ramírez
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Codex Dresden
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Ehecatotontli
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:Macuilxochitl
2790:
2788:
2787:Macuiltochtli
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:Ilamatecuhtli
2755:
2753:
2752:Huixtocihuatl
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Cihuatecayotl
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:Acolnahuacatl
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2505:
2504:Tōnacācihuātl
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2354:Spence, Lewis
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1854:
1840:on 2011-09-18
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1767:9780806129501
1763:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1742:9789681661786
1738:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1609:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1572:Diego Durán,
1569:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:Heyden, Doris
1205:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1041:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1000:
996:
990:
982:
976:
972:
965:
957:
955:970-07-3149-9
951:
947:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
917:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
887:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:
867:Ramírez Codex
862:
861:celebration.
860:
856:
851:
848:
844:
840:
832:
823:
821:
817:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
788:
780:
775:
767:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
722:
718:
713:
704:
700:
698:
697:
692:
689:According to
687:
678:
675:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
635:
634:
627:
622:
619:
612:
607:
606:
605:
603:
594:
590:
586:
584:
580:
574:
572:
564:
559:
554:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
524:
522:
517:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
476:
475:
469:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Tōnacācihuātl
419:
415:
406:
402:
401:Tezcatlipocas
399:Blue and Red
397:
388:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
355:
350:
345:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
310:. He wielded
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
278:
272:
264:
260:
256:
247:
243:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
206:
203:
202:
200:
196:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:
169:
165:
160:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
99:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
49:
46:Ruler of the
45:
44:
36:
31:
19:
3433:Codex Xolotl
3413:Codex Tudela
3398:Mapa Tloztin
3273:Codex Madrid
3158:Codex Borgia
3148:Codex Bodley
3073:Beliefs and
3032:
2988:Xiuhtotontli
2917:Yacatecuhtli
2897:Xōchiquetzal
2857:Tlacotzontli
2847:Temazcalteci
2842:Tēcciztēcatl
2742:Huēhuecoyōtl
2732:Coyolxāuhqui
2702:Chicomecōātl
2675:
2658:Tlaltecuhtli
2626:Xiuhtecuhtli
2610:Creator gods
2609:
2546:Tezcatlipoca
2541:Quetzalcoatl
2535:
2524:Creator gods
2419:
2386:
2371:. Retrieved
2358:
2323:
2310:
2308:(1950–82) .
2273:
2240:
2213:
2182:
2174:Miller, Mary
2159:
2140:Doris Heyden
2135:
2100:
2069:
2039:
2020:
2001:
1976:
1941:
1911:
1891:
1882:
1861:
1853:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:the original
1833:
1824:
1815:
1797:
1791:
1782:
1776:
1757:
1751:
1732:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1675:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1632:
1614:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1590:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1549:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1491:
1485:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1348:
1341:
1320:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1288:
1276:
1267:
1246:. Retrieved
1240:
1230:
1202:
1192:
1183:
1177:
1156:
1136:
1120:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1048:
1040:
1020:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
989:
970:
964:
945:
884:
865:
863:
849:
837:
812:
784:
779:Codex Borgia
755:Tenochtitlan
751:Lake Texcoco
728:
726:
721:nopal cactus
717:Tenochtitlan
701:
694:
688:
684:
671:
649:Great Temple
645:
633:Codex Tudela
631:
601:
599:
587:
575:
570:
567:
527:
526:In the book
525:
518:
514:
502:Tezcatlipoca
494:Quetzalcoatl
479:
472:
457:
453:Coyolxauhqui
438:
434:Tezcatlipōca
426:Quetzalcōātl
410:
378:
363:
340:
322:
316:
308:Tenochtitlan
254:
253:
219:Coyolxauhqui
213:Tezcatlipoca
205:Quetzalcoatl
137:Ethnic group
40:
3368:Selden Roll
3343:Codex Reese
3313:Paris Codex
3303:Codex Osuna
3203:Codex Durán
3188:Codex Cospi
3108:Aubin Codex
3044:Teotihuacan
3019:Chicomoztoc
2978:Tiānquiztli
2922:Zacatzontli
2902:Xochitlicue
2862:Tlalocayotl
2852:Tepoztēcatl
2762:Ītzpāpālōtl
2648:Nanahuatzin
2621:Tlazōlteōtl
2604:Tepēyōllōtl
2489:Primordials
2424:Rémi Siméon
2132:Diego Durán
2106:J. M. Cohen
1117:Diego Durán
995:"The Teteo"
839:Diego Durán
791:hummingbird
787:iconography
785:In art and
761:Iconography
730:Aubin Codex
661:Diego Durán
583:cannibalism
506:Nanahuatzin
474:Codex Tovar
381:Diego Durán
349:hummingbird
323:Huichilobos
174:Ometecuhtli
131:Mesoamerica
111:Hummingbird
70:Other names
3474:Solar gods
3464:Aztec gods
3453:Categories
3353:Codex Ríos
3243:Codex Laud
3039:Tamoanchan
3033:Underworld
3014:Cemanahuac
2983:Tzitzimitl
2963:Cihuateteo
2938:Ahuiateteo
2892:Xōchipilli
2722:Cipactonal
2712:Cihuacōātl
2638:Citlālicue
2551:Xipe Totec
2373:2008-05-14
2178:Karl Taube
2088:2008901003
2058:0226094871
1892:Mexicolore
1844:2017-02-11
1530:The Aztecs
1418:2023-06-20
1391:2023-06-20
1248:August 12,
1004:2023-06-20
876:Xochimilco
872:Tlatelolco
563:Codex Laud
541:leap years
430:Xīpe Tōtec
374:head final
300:patron god
209:Xipe-Totec
178:Omecihuatl
3082:Five Suns
2968:Civateteo
2882:Tonantzin
2877:Toltecatl
2782:Ixtlilton
2727:Cōātlīcue
2124:162351797
2098:(1963) .
1362:cite book
912:Citations
859:Christmas
857:into the
850:(huautli)
816:Xiuhcoatl
800:Tlatolatl
681:Mythology
657:Dominican
602:quauhteca
547:Sacrifice
521:Tlacaelel
490:Tlacaelel
441:Coatlicue
364:However,
344:huītzilin
337:Etymology
319:Spaniards
312:Xiuhcoatl
292:sacrifice
288:war deity
282:) is the
188:Coatlicue
162:Genealogy
152:Festivals
3479:War gods
3075:practice
3054:Tlālōcān
2958:Cintēteo
2837:Patecatl
2822:Opochtli
2817:Mixcoatl
2802:Mayahuel
2707:Chīmalmā
2697:Chantico
2687:Atlacoya
2663:Tōnatiuh
2589:Cinteotl
2579:Centeōtl
2555:Camaxtle
2496:Ōmeteōtl
2406:29124568
2384:(1993).
2356:(1913).
2298:77857686
2263:37909790
2232:29600936
2212:(1995).
2202:27667317
2180:(1993).
2152:73-88147
2134:(1971).
1964:20141678
1940:(1989).
1930:50090230
1293:Archived
1133:73-88147
1119:(1971).
1079:ōpōchtli
890:See also
855:subsumed
847:amaranth
826:Calendar
579:offering
414:Ōmeteōtl
354:ōpōchtli
245:Children
198:Siblings
184:Mixcoatl
3101:Codices
3029:Mictlān
3004:Anahuac
2887:Xilonen
2867:Tlilhua
2827:Oxomoco
2807:Metztli
2737:Ehecatl
2682:Atlahua
2566:Deities
1993:6979651
1477:8626972
999:Teochan
880:Texcoco
463:History
449:Hidalgo
403:in the
302:of the
167:Parents
3064:Tōllān
3009:Aztlán
2997:Places
2931:Groups
2912:Xolotl
2907:Xocotl
2832:Painal
2616:Tláloc
2404:
2394:
2368:710093
2366:
2346:276351
2344:
2334:
2296:
2286:
2261:
2251:
2230:
2220:
2200:
2190:
2150:
2122:
2112:
2086:
2076:
2056:
2046:
2027:
2008:
1991:
1962:
1952:
1928:
1918:
1870:
1764:
1739:
1684:
1639:
1598:14 May
1556:
1475:
1465:
1329:
1302:14 May
1218:
1165:
1131:
1101:14 May
1061:
1028:
977:
952:
878:, and
820:atlatl
735:Aztlán
659:friar
653:Tlaloc
500:, and
498:Tlaloc
486:Nahuas
482:Mexica
351:" and
304:Aztecs
145:Mexica
127:Region
117:Gender
107:Symbol
43:Mexica
3031:(The
2422:, by
1296:(PDF)
1285:(PDF)
747:Copil
284:solar
141:Aztec
98:South
78:Abode
48:South
2872:Toci
2553:(or
2502:and
2402:OCLC
2392:ISBN
2364:OCLC
2342:OCLC
2332:ISBN
2318:and
2294:OCLC
2284:ISBN
2259:OCLC
2249:ISBN
2228:OCLC
2218:ISBN
2198:OCLC
2188:ISBN
2148:LCCN
2120:OCLC
2110:ISBN
2084:OCLC
2074:ISBN
2054:OCLC
2044:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1989:OCLC
1960:OCLC
1950:ISBN
1926:OCLC
1916:ISBN
1868:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1600:2018
1554:ISBN
1473:OCLC
1463:ISBN
1368:link
1327:ISBN
1304:2018
1250:2016
1242:UCSD
1216:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1129:LCCN
1103:2018
1059:ISBN
1026:ISBN
975:ISBN
950:ISBN
672:The
445:Tula
420:and
317:The
286:and
267:IPA:
248:None
186:and
176:and
121:Male
96:the
294:in
290:of
143:, (
3455::
2400:.
2340:.
2292:.
2282:.
2257:.
2247:.
2226:.
2196:.
2176:;
2146:.
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