161:
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Rhodes R, Azzouni J, Baumrin SB, Benkov K, Blaser MJ, Brenner B, Dauben JW, Earle WJ, Frank L, Gligorov N, Goldfarb J, Hirschhorn K, Hirschhorn R, Holzman I, Indyk D, Jabs EW, Lackey DP, Moros DA, Philpott S, Rhodes ME, Richardson LD, Sacks HS, Schwab A, Sperling R, Trusko B, Zweig A (November 2011).
440:
The impact to date of the HMP may be partially assessed by examination of research sponsored by the HMP. Over 650 peer-reviewed publications were listed on the HMP website from June 2009 to the end of 2017, and had been cited over 70,000 times. At this point the website was archived and is no longer
612:
of pregnant women in preparation for birth, and high viral DNA load in the nasal microbiome of children with unexplained fevers. Other studies using the HMP data and techniques include role of microbiome in various diseases in the digestive tract, skin, reproductive organs and childhood disorders.
463:
Development of tools for comparative analysis that facilitate the recognition of common patterns, major themes and trends in complex data sets. These include RAPSearch2, a fast and memory-efficient protein similarity search tool for next-generation sequencing data; Boulder ALignment Editor (ALE), a
624:
have considered the implications of the HMP data in relation to the presence / absence of 'objectionable' microorganisms in non-sterile pharmaceutical products and in relation to the monitoring of microorganisms within the controlled environments in which products are manufactured. The latter also
471:
Assembly of a catalog of sequenced reference genomes of pure bacterial strains from multiple body sites, against which metagenomic results can be compared. The original goal of 600 genomes has been far surpassed; the current goal is for 3000 genomes to be in this reference catalog, sequenced to at
363:
The
Vaginal Microbiome Consortium team at Virginia Commonwealth University led research on the Pregnancy & Preterm Birth project with a goal of understanding how the microbiome changes during the gestational period and influences the neonatal microbiome. The project was also concerned with the
177:
published a FAQ that emphasized that the number of microbial cells and the number of human cells are both estimates, and noted that recent research had arrived at a new estimate of the number of human cells at around 37 trillion cells, meaning that the ratio of microbial to human cells is probably
224:
The HMP will address some of the most inspiring, vexing and fundamental scientific questions today. Importantly, it also has the potential to break down the artificial barriers between medical microbiology and environmental microbiology. It is hoped that the HMP will not only identify new ways to
579:
From 242 healthy U.S. volunteers, more than 5,000 samples were collected from tissues from 15 (men) to 18 (women) body sites such as mouth, nose, skin, lower intestine (stool) and vagina. All the DNA, human and microbial, were analyzed with DNA sequencing machines. The microbial genome data were
467:
Development of new methods and systems for assembly of massive sequence data sets. No single assembly algorithm addresses all the known problems of assembling short-length sequences, so next-generation assembly programs such as AMOS are modular, offering a wide range of tools for assembly. Novel
314:
In 2014, the NIH launched the second phase of the project, known as the
Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP). The goal of the iHMP was to produce resources to create a complete characterization of the human microbiome, with a focus on understanding the presence of microbiota in health and
108:
involved in human health and disease. Launched in 2007, the first phase (HMP1) focused on identifying and characterizing human microbiota. The second phase, known as the
Integrative Human Microbiome Project (iHMP) launched in 2014 with the aim of generating resources to characterize the
241:, through the CIHR Institute of Infection and Immunity, is leading the Canadian Microbiome Initiative to develop a coordinated and focused research effort to analyze and characterize the microbes that colonize the human body and their potential alteration during chronic disease states.
428:. T2D affects nearly 20 million Americans with at least 79 million pre-diabetic patients, and is partially characterized by marked shifts in the microbiome compared to healthy individuals. The project aimed to identify molecules and signaling pathways that play a role in the
168:
Prior to the HMP launch, it was often reported in popular media and scientific literature that there are about 10 times as many microbial cells and 100 times as many microbial genes in the human body as there are human cells; this figure was based on estimates that the
225:
determine health and predisposition to diseases but also define the parameters needed to design, implement and monitor strategies for intentionally manipulating the human microbiota, to optimize its performance in the context of an individual's physiology.
576:(PLoS) on the same day. By mapping the normal microbial make-up of healthy humans using genome sequencing techniques, the researchers of the HMP have created a reference database and the boundaries of normal microbial variation in humans.
598:
Components of the human microbiome change over time, affected by a patient disease state and medication. However, the microbiome eventually returns to a state of equilibrium, even though the composition of bacterial types has
2507:
Yeoman CJ, Yildirim S, Thomas SM, Durkin AS, Torralba M, Sutton G, Buhay CJ, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha SP, Muzny DM, Qin X, Gibbs RA, Leigh SR, Stumpf R, White BA, Highlander SK, Nelson KE, Wilson BA (August 2010). Li W (ed.).
181:
Despite the staggering number of microbes in and on the human body, little was known about their roles in human health and disease. Many of the organisms that make up the microbiome have not been successfully
319:
The iHMP will create integrated longitudinal datasets of biological properties from both the microbiome and host from three different cohort studies of microbiome-associated conditions using multiple "omics"
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about 3:1. In 2016 another group published a new estimate of ratio as being roughly 1:1 (1.3:1, with "an uncertainty of 25% and a variation of 53% over the population of standard 70 kg males").
29:
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Markowitz VM, Chen IM, Chu K, Szeto E, Palaniappan K, Grechkin Y, Ratner A, Jacob B, Pati A, Huntemann M, Liolios K, Pagani I, Anderson I, Mavromatis K, Ivanova NN, Kyrpides NC (January 2012).
464:
web-based RNA alignment tool; WebMGA, a customizable web server for fast metagenomic sequence analysis; and DNACLUST, a tool for accurate and efficient clustering of phylogenetic marker genes
1419:
Markowitz VM, Chen IM, Palaniappan K, Chu K, Szeto E, Grechkin Y, Ratner A, Jacob B, Huang J, Williams P, Huntemann M, Anderson I, Mavromatis K, Ivanova NN, Kyrpides NC (January 2012).
2415:
Ballal SA, Gallini CA, Segata N, Huttenhower C, Garrett WS (April 2011). "Host and gut microbiota symbiotic factors: lessons from inflammatory bowel disease and successful symbionts".
592:
Microbes contribute more genes responsible for human survival than humans' own genes. It is estimated that bacterial protein-coding genes are 360 times more abundant than human genes.
595:
Microbial metabolic activities; for example, digestion of fats; are not always provided by the same bacterial species. The presence of the activities seems to matter more.
495:
Identification of unique adaptations adopted by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in their role as gut commensals. SFB are medically important because they stimulate
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2266:"Bioinformatic evidence for a widely distributed, ribosomally produced electron carrier precursor, its maturation proteins, and its nicotinoprotein redox partners"
237:. Organized characterization of the human microbiome is also being done internationally under the auspices of the International Human Microbiome Consortium. The
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Development of new database systems allowing efficient organization, storage, access, search and annotation of massive amounts of data. These include IMG, the
608:
Among the first clinical applications utilizing the HMP data, as reported in several PLoS papers, the researchers found a shift to less species diversity in
452:
database and comparative analysis system; IMG/M, a related system that integrates metagenome data sets with isolate microbial genomes from the IMG system;
2622:
Marri PR, Paniscus M, Weyand NJ, Rendón MA, Calton CM, Hernández DR, Higashi DL, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Rounsley SD, So M (July 2010). Ahmed N (ed.).
368:, account for nearly 10% of all births and constitutes the second leading cause of neonatal death. The project received $ 7.44 million in NIH funding.
281:. Contributions included data evaluation, construction of reference sequence data sets, ethical and legal studies, technology development, and more.
1254:
405:
220:). The HMP set out to discover and characterize the human microbiome, emphasizing oral, skin, vaginal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory sites.
2315:
Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Costello EK, Berg-Lyons D, Gonzalez A, Stombaugh J, Knights D, Gajer P, Ravel J, Fierer N, Gordon JI, Knight R (2011).
144:
are currently planned — for comparison purposes during subsequent metagenomic analysis. The project also financed deep sequencing of bacterial
847:
818:
2873:"Oral spirochetes implicated in dental diseases are widespread in normal human subjects and carry extremely diverse integron gene cassettes"
2368:"The genome of th17 cell-inducing segmented filamentous bacteria reveals extensive auxotrophy and adaptations to the intestinal environment"
376:
The
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi'omics Data (IBDMDB) team was a multi-institution group of researchers focused on understanding how the
588:. In addition to establishing the human microbiome reference database, the HMP project also discovered several "surprises", which include:
186:, identified, or otherwise characterized. Organisms thought to be found in the human microbiome, however, may generally be categorized as
584:. The researchers calculated that more than 10,000 microbial species occupy the human ecosystem and they have identified 81 – 99% of the
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worked together to perform a longitudinal analysis on the biological processes that occur in the microbiome of patients at risk for
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Identification, on the basis of bioinformatic evidence, of a widely distributed, ribosomally produced electron carrier precursor
3139:
238:
1106:"A review of 10 years of human microbiome research activities at the US National Institutes of Health, Fiscal Years 2007-2016"
270:
2567:
Koren O, Spor A, Felin J, Fåk F, Stombaugh J, Tremaroli V, Behre CJ, Knight R, Fagerberg B, Ley RE, Bäckhed F (March 2011).
2510:"Comparative genomics of Gardnerella vaginalis strains reveals substantial differences in metabolic and virulence potential"
1165:"Effects of Maternal Age and Age-Specific Preterm Birth Rates on Overall Preterm Birth Rates - United States, 2007 and 2014"
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Establishment of the Data
Analysis and Coordination Center (DACC), which serves as the central repository for all HMP data.
173:
includes around 100 trillion bacterial cells and an adult human typically has around 10 trillion human cells. In 2014 the
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960:
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Develop a reference set of microbial genome sequences and to perform preliminary characterization of the human microbiome
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and elucidating the roles of microbes in health and disease states. The program received $ 170 million in funding by the
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258:
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1568:"The Genomes OnLine Database (GOLD) v.4: status of genomic and metagenomic projects and their associated metadata"
1204:
3509:
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3134:
1517:
Madupu R, Richter A, Dodson RJ, Brinkac L, Harkins D, Durkin S, Shrivastava S, Sutton G, Haft D (January 2012).
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460:(GOLD), for monitoring the status of genomic and metagenomic projects worldwide and their associated metadata.
101:
40:
3004:
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Sczesnak A, Segata N, Qin X, Gevers D, Petrosino JF, Huttenhower C, Littman DR, Ivanov II (September 2011).
1617:"RAPSearch2: a fast and memory-efficient protein similarity search tool for next-generation sequencing data"
3867:
835:
543:
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Pagani I, Liolios K, Jansson J, Chen IM, Smirnova T, Nosrat B, Markowitz VM, Kyrpides NC (January 2012).
621:
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The project encompassed three sub-projects carried out at multiple institutions. Study methods included
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651:
381:
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Bergmann GT, Bates ST, Eilers KG, Lauber CL, Caporaso JG, Walters WA, Knight R, Fierer N (July 2011).
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Various studies exploring legal and ethical issues associated with whole genome sequencing research.
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128:(which provides a broad genetic perspective on a single microbial community), as well as extensive
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183:
129:
132:(which provides a "deep" genetic perspective on certain aspects of a given microbial community,
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1347:"Integrated Personal Omics Profiling | Integrated Personal Omics Profiling | Stanford Medicine"
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algorithms have been developed for improving the quality and utility of draft genome sequences.
3872:
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3744:
3386:
3187:
861:"Are We Really Vastly Outnumbered? Revisiting the Ratio of Bacterial to Host Cells in Humans"
718:
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The HMP1 included research efforts from many institutions. The HMP1 set the following goals:
3036:
2624:"Genome sequencing reveals widespread virulence gene exchange among human Neisseria species"
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Schwab AP, Frank L, Gligorov N (November 2011). "Saying privacy, meaning confidentiality".
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230:
2215:
Cuellar-Partida G, Buske FA, McLeay RC, Whitington T, Noble WS, Bailey TL (January 2012).
1989:. Data Analysis and Coordination Center (DACC) for the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
8:
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744:"Human Microbiome Project: Diversity of Human Microbes Greater Than Previously Predicted"
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least a high-quality draft stage. As of March 2012, 742 genomes have been cataloged.
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Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI (October 2007).
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Depiction of prevalences of various classes of bacteria at selected sites on human skin
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568:. The announcement was accompanied with a series of coordinated articles published in
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The HMP has been described as "a logical conceptual and experimental extension of the
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and affects about one million
Americans. Research participants included cohorts from
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121:
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2059:
1832:
1681:
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Identification of factors distinguishing the microbiota of healthy and diseased gut.
364:
role of the microbiome in the occurrence of preterm births, which, according to the
233:." In 2007 the HMP was listed on the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research as one of the
216:, the latter including viruses that infect the cellular microbiome organisms (e.g.,
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191:
170:
105:
2929:"PLOS Collections: Article collections published by the Public Library of Science"
2475:
1470:"IMG/M: the integrated metagenome data management and comparative analysis system"
3757:
3656:
3541:
3417:
3347:
3300:
3114:
3043:
2838:
2648:
2534:
2460:"The under-recognized dominance of Verrucomicrobia in soil bacterial communities"
2087:
2043:
1873:
822:
565:
486:
New predictive methods for identifying active transcription factor binding sites.
254:
1421:"IMG: the Integrated Microbial Genomes database and comparative analysis system"
1029:
278:
28:
3412:
3376:
2573:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2383:
1276:
877:
860:
656:
642:
217:
2168:"Helping patients make informed choices about probiotics: a need for research"
2134:
1322:"National Diabetes Statistics Report | Data & Statistics | Diabetes | CDC"
1122:
964:
305:
Study the ethical, legal, and social implications of human microbiome research
120:
Important components of the HMP were culture-independent methods of microbial
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3766:
3651:
3607:
3579:
3570:
3560:
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3432:
3129:
2333:
2217:"Epigenetic priors for identifying active transcription factor binding sites"
1953:
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1731:
1131:
723:
686:
2589:
2282:
1519:"CharProtDB: a database of experimentally characterized protein annotations"
1103:
296:
Explore the relationship between disease and changes in the human microbiome
3796:
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3161:
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1972:
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1801:
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1205:"Infant Mortality | Maternal and Infant Health | Reproductive Health | CDC"
1190:
1181:
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1007:
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886:
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disease states. The project mission, as stated by the NIH, was as follows:
160:
125:
2685:"NIH Human Microbiome Project defines normal bacterial makeup of the body"
1766:"DNACLUST: accurate and efficient clustering of phylogenetic marker genes"
1715:"WebMGA: a customizable web server for fast metagenomic sequence analysis"
1583:
1534:
1436:
456:, a database of experimentally characterized protein annotations; and the
249:
The HMP involved participation from many research institutions, including
3684:
3237:
2896:
2569:"Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis"
1485:
2780:
2723:
2183:
928:
848:
Scientists bust myth that our bodies have more bacteria than human cells
625:
has implications for media selection and disinfectant efficacy studies.
3791:
3776:
3694:
3427:
3124:
713:
681:
535:
453:
348:
209:
110:
2119:"Personal genome research : what should the participant be told?"
3786:
3617:
3575:
3487:
3381:
3208:
3182:
3109:
2985:"Implications of the Human Microbiome on Pharmaceutical Microbiology"
1163:
Ferré C, Callaghan W, Olson C, Sharma A, Barfield W (November 2016).
1080:
671:
527:
Identification of a link between oral microbiota and atherosclerosis.
521:
377:
2214:
1815:
Yao G, Ye L, Gao H, Minx P, Warren WC, Weinstock GM (January 2012).
1346:
3295:
3272:
3062:
2757:"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome"
2754:
2697:
2074:"De minimis risk: a proposal for a new category of research risk".
986:
661:
636:
560:
On 13 June 2012, a major milestone of the HMP was announced by the
429:
206:
202:
187:
137:
3020:
3015:
2928:
2814:"Complex carbohydrate utilization by the healthy human microbiome"
1370:
3725:
3689:
3325:
790:
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516:
Identification of factors determining the virulence potential of
194:
136:
of individual bacterial species). The latter served as reference
2314:
1986:
1666:"Boulder ALignment Editor (ALE): a web-based RNA alignment tool"
902:
3771:
3526:
1864:
Treangen TJ, Sommer DD, Angly FE, Koren S, Pop M (March 2011).
585:
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extracted by identifying the bacterial specific ribosomal RNA,
539:
198:
2414:
1663:
1395:
1297:
3699:
380:
changes longitudinally in adults and children suffering from
299:
Develop new technologies and tools for computational analysis
213:
1269:"CDC - Epidemiology of the IBD - Inflammatory Bowel Disease"
1230:
371:
1418:
1081:"NIH Human Microbiome Project - About the Human Microbiome"
509:
Identification of a hitherto unrecognized dominant role of
2506:
2166:
Sharp RR, Achkar JP, Brinich MA, Farrell RM (April 2009).
2072:
1935:
Koren S, Miller JR, Walenz BP, Sutton G (September 2010).
1664:
Stombaugh J, Widmann J, McDonald D, Knight R (June 2011).
1516:
104:(NIH) research initiative to improve understanding of the
2621:
2457:
2165:
1817:"Graph accordance of next-generation sequence assemblies"
1162:
836:
Ten Times More
Microbial Cells than Body Cells in Humans?
561:
2811:
1863:
1565:
1010:. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. 13 August 2009
441:
updated, although datasets do continue to be available.
2365:
1934:
355:. The key findings of the iHMP were published in 2019.
81:
3009:
2008:
1467:
1104:
NIH Human
Microbiome Portfolio Analysis Team (2019).
492:
Time-lapse "moving pictures" of the human microbiome.
1937:"An algorithm for automated closure during assembly"
632:
2982:
2029:
1987:"Human Microbiome Project / Reference Genomes Data"
1371:"Human Microbiome Project - Home | NIH Common Fund"
766:"Human Microbiome Project - Home | NIH Common Fund"
2500:
2359:
2308:
2110:
2023:
1461:
1412:
898:
896:
546:exchange virulence factors with commensal species.
2755:Human Microbiome Project Consortium (June 2012).
2698:Human Microbiome Project Consortium (June 2012).
2566:
2451:
2408:
2066:
2011:. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund
1713:Wu S, Zhu Z, Fu L, Niu B, Li W (September 2011).
1657:
1559:
1510:
555:
444:Major categories of work funded by HMP included:
415:
3839:
2208:
1857:
1052:"Human Microbiome Project / Program Initiatives"
834:Judah L. Rosner for Microbe Magazine, Feb 2014.
358:
2159:
1928:
987:"The International Human Microbiome Consortium"
893:
858:
2009:"Data Analysis and Coordination Center (DACC)"
140:— 3000 such sequences of individual bacterial
3253:
3078:
3054:Good Health? Thank Your 100 Trillion Bacteria
3021:The International Human Microbiome Consortium
2116:
1757:
616:
420:Researchers from Stanford University and the
2812:Cantarel BL, Lombard V, Henrissat B (2012).
1868:. Vol. Chapter 11. pp. Unit 11.8.
1814:
1808:
1763:
1253:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1030:"Human Microbiome Project / Funded Research"
244:
3026:2006, Lay summary of colon microbiome study
2983:Wilder, C, Sandle T, Sutton S (June 2013).
2871:Wu YW, Rho M, Doak TG, Ye Y (August 2012).
2870:
2700:"A framework for human microbiome research"
1866:Next generation sequence assembly with AMOS
1706:
1169:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
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3071:
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1608:
859:Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (January 2016).
846:Alison Abbott for Nature News. Jan 8 2016
27:
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2317:"Moving pictures of the human microbiome"
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530:Demonstration that pathogenic species of
372:Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
2257:
2172:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
309:
284:
159:
3016:The CIHR Canadian Microbiome Initiative
2674:
603:
3840:
3012:for the Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
2877:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2575:. 108 Suppl 1 (Supplement_1): 4592–8.
1396:"Human Microbiome Project Data Portal"
1228:
805:
422:Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine
239:Canadian Institutes of Health Research
3241:
3066:
3010:Data Analysis and Coordination Center
1615:Zhao Y, Tang H, Ye Y (January 2012).
1229:Consortium, VCU, Vaginal Microbiome.
1075:
1073:
1054:. The NIH Common Fund. Archived from
963:. The NIH Common Fund. Archived from
852:
840:
828:
482:Developments funded by HMP included:
3822:
3092:
2263:
1764:Ghodsi M, Liu B, Pop M (June 2011).
3030:the actual study: Gill et al., 2006
572:and several journals including the
13:
2117:McGuire AL, Lupski JR (May 2010).
1070:
14:
3899:
2998:
2076:The American Journal of Bioethics
2032:The American Journal of Bioethics
814:American Academy of Microbiology
3821:
3812:
3811:
3222:
3221:
2429:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01572.x
1008:"Canadian Microbiome Initiative"
635:
499:, thought to play a key role in
259:Virginia Commonwealth University
175:American Academy of Microbiology
3510:Bacterial cellular morphologies
2976:
2945:
2921:
2864:
2805:
2748:
2691:
2615:
2560:
2464:Soil Biology & Biochemistry
2001:
1979:
1388:
1363:
1339:
1314:
1290:
1261:
1231:"Vaginal Microbiome Consortium"
1222:
1197:
1156:
1097:
1044:
1022:
1000:
979:
435:
302:Establish a resource repository
155:
2989:American Pharmaceutical Review
953:
905:"The human microbiome project"
783:
758:
736:
622:Pharmaceutical microbiologists
556:Reference database established
513:in soil bacterial communities.
416:Onset of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
406:Cincinnati Children's Hospital
398:Massachusetts General Hospital
22:Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
1:
2476:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.012
2233:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr614
1833:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr588
1682:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr258
1633:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr595
730:
550:
359:Pregnancy & Preterm Birth
102:National Institutes of Health
41:National Institutes of Health
2839:10.1371/journal.pone.0028742
2649:10.1371/journal.pone.0011835
2535:10.1371/journal.pone.0012411
2088:10.1080/15265161.2011.615588
2044:10.1080/15265161.2011.608243
1874:10.1002/0471250953.bi1108s33
544:sexually transmitted disease
450:Integrated Microbial Genomes
7:
1529:(Database issue): D237–41.
1431:(Database issue): D115–22.
628:
410:Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
10:
3904:
3863:Environmental microbiology
3753:Bacteria (classifications)
3475:Primary nutritional groups
2384:10.1016/j.chom.2011.08.005
1578:(Database issue): D571–9.
1480:(Database issue): D123–9.
878:10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.013
791:"Human Microbiome Project"
652:Environmental microbiology
617:Pharmaceutical application
275:Baylor College of Medicine
124:characterization, such as
16:Former research initiative
3807:
3738:
3718:
3670:
3559:
3550:
3502:
3395:
3333:
3319:
3279:
3217:
3196:
3175:
3100:
2687:. NIH News. 13 June 2012.
2135:10.1016/j.tig.2009.12.007
1123:10.1186/s40168-019-0620-y
574:Public Library of Science
402:Emory University Hospital
388:that manifests as either
384:. IBD is an inflammatory
245:Contributing Institutions
235:New Pathways to Discovery
150:polymerase chain reaction
76:
61:
46:
35:
26:
21:
3629:Bacterial outer membrane
3204:Human Microbiome Project
3005:Human Microbiome Project
2334:10.1186/gb-2011-12-5-r50
2264:Haft DH (January 2011).
1954:10.1186/1471-2105-11-457
1783:10.1186/1471-2105-12-271
1732:10.1186/1471-2164-12-444
203:single-celled eukaryotes
94:Human Microbiome Project
3176:Disorders and therapies
2590:10.1073/pnas.1011383107
2372:Cell Host & Microbe
2283:10.1186/1471-2164-12-21
961:"About the NIH Roadmap"
458:Genomes OnLine Database
337:whole genome sequencing
267:Northeastern University
148:sequences amplified by
130:whole genome sequencing
3624:Gram-negative bacteria
3603:Gram-positive bacteria
3140:In bacterial vaginosis
2953:"Manuscript Summaries"
1572:Nucleic Acids Research
1523:Nucleic Acids Research
1474:Nucleic Acids Research
1425:Nucleic Acids Research
1182:10.15585/mmwr.mm6543a1
328:gene profiling, whole
322:
227:
165:
100:) was a United States
3883:Computational biology
3858:Human genome projects
3479:Substrate preference
2417:Cellular Microbiology
1032:. The NIH Common Fund
816:FAQ: Human Microbiome
793:. The NIH Common Fund
719:Multigenomic organism
518:Gardnerella vaginalis
317:
310:Phase Two (2014-2016)
285:Phase One (2007-2014)
263:Washington University
222:
163:
152:from human subjects.
3460:Microbial metabolism
2933:collections.plos.org
2897:10.1128/AEM.00564-12
699:Medical microbiology
604:Clinical application
231:Human Genome Project
3868:Bacteria and humans
3710:Non-motile bacteria
3306:Pathogenic bacteria
2889:2012ApEnM..78.5288W
2830:2012PLoSO...728742C
2781:10.1038/nature11234
2773:2012Natur.486..207T
2724:10.1038/nature11209
2716:2012Natur.486..215T
2640:2010PLoSO...511835M
2581:2011PNAS..108.4592K
2526:2010PLoSO...512411Y
2184:10.1038/ajg.2008.68
1584:10.1093/nar/gkr1100
1535:10.1093/nar/gkr1133
1437:10.1093/nar/gkr1044
1058:on 16 November 2013
967:on 17 February 2013
929:10.1038/nature06244
921:2007Natur.449..804T
386:autoimmune disorder
341:metatranscriptomics
251:Stanford University
205:as well as various
117:from 2007 to 2016.
3639:Lipopolysaccharide
3042:2009-09-27 at the
2123:Trends in Genetics
1941:BMC Bioinformatics
1770:BMC Bioinformatics
1486:10.1093/nar/gkr975
1400:portal.hmpdacc.org
1375:commonfund.nih.gov
821:2016-12-31 at the
770:commonfund.nih.gov
610:vaginal microbiome
501:autoimmune disease
394:ulcerative colitis
333:shotgun sequencing
166:
3835:
3834:
3734:
3733:
3680:Bacterial capsule
3646:Periplasmic space
3613:Lipoteichoic acid
3498:
3497:
3470:Microbial ecology
3465:Nitrogen fixation
3235:
3234:
1175:(43): 1181–1184.
709:Microbial ecology
677:Oral microbiology
511:Verrucomicrobiota
497:T helper 17 cells
138:genomic sequences
90:
89:
3895:
3825:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3763:Former groupings
3557:
3556:
3408:Human microbiome
3331:
3330:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3225:
3224:
3094:Human microbiota
3087:
3080:
3073:
3064:
3063:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2958:. Archived from
2957:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2767:(7402): 207–14.
2752:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2710:(7402): 215–21.
2695:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2470:(7): 1450–1455.
2455:
2449:
2448:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1895:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1351:med.stanford.edu
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1275:. Archived from
1265:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1184:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1125:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
957:
951:
950:
940:
915:(7164): 804–10.
900:
891:
890:
880:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
812:
803:
802:
800:
798:
787:
781:
780:
778:
777:
762:
756:
755:
753:
751:
740:
667:Human microbiome
645:
640:
639:
432:of the disease.
353:immunoproteomics
171:human microbiome
86:
83:
72:
70:
57:
55:
31:
19:
18:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3888:Genome projects
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3803:
3758:Bacterial phyla
3742:
3730:
3714:
3672:
3666:
3657:Arabinogalactan
3562:
3546:
3494:
3391:
3335:
3323:
3315:
3301:Lysogenic cycle
3282:
3275:
3266:
3236:
3231:
3213:
3192:
3188:Faecal transfer
3171:
3096:
3091:
3044:Wayback Machine
3037:Microbes ‘R’ Us
3001:
2996:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2937:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2883:(15): 5288–96.
2869:
2865:
2810:
2806:
2753:
2749:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2620:
2616:
2565:
2561:
2505:
2501:
2456:
2452:
2413:
2409:
2364:
2360:
2313:
2309:
2262:
2258:
2213:
2209:
2164:
2160:
2115:
2111:
2071:
2067:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1933:
1929:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1884:
1862:
1858:
1813:
1809:
1762:
1758:
1711:
1707:
1662:
1658:
1613:
1609:
1564:
1560:
1515:
1511:
1466:
1462:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1161:
1157:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
985:
984:
980:
970:
968:
959:
958:
954:
901:
894:
857:
853:
845:
841:
833:
829:
823:Wayback Machine
813:
806:
796:
794:
789:
788:
784:
775:
773:
764:
763:
759:
749:
747:
742:
741:
737:
733:
728:
641:
634:
631:
619:
606:
566:Francis Collins
558:
553:
438:
426:Type 2 Diabetes
418:
390:Crohn's disease
374:
361:
312:
287:
255:Broad Institute
247:
158:
115:NIH Common Fund
80:
68:
66:
53:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3901:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Bioinformatics
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3819:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3774:
3769:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3515:cell structure
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3488:Saccharophilic
3485:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3377:Microaerophile
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3057:New York Times
3050:
3047:New York Times
3035:Olivia Judson
3033:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3000:
2999:External links
2997:
2995:
2994:
2975:
2944:
2920:
2863:
2804:
2747:
2690:
2673:
2614:
2559:
2499:
2450:
2407:
2358:
2321:Genome Biology
2307:
2256:
2221:Bioinformatics
2207:
2158:
2129:(5): 199–201.
2109:
2065:
2022:
2000:
1978:
1927:
1918:|journal=
1883:978-0471250951
1882:
1856:
1821:Bioinformatics
1807:
1756:
1705:
1676:(12): 1706–7.
1670:Bioinformatics
1656:
1621:Bioinformatics
1607:
1558:
1509:
1460:
1411:
1387:
1377:. 28 June 2013
1362:
1338:
1313:
1289:
1260:
1221:
1196:
1155:
1096:
1069:
1043:
1021:
999:
978:
952:
892:
851:
839:
827:
804:
782:
772:. 28 June 2013
757:
746:. ScienceDaily
734:
732:
729:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
690:
689:
684:
679:
674:
664:
659:
657:Genome project
654:
648:
647:
646:
643:Biology portal
630:
627:
618:
615:
605:
602:
601:
600:
596:
593:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
528:
525:
514:
507:
504:
493:
490:
487:
480:
479:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
437:
434:
417:
414:
378:gut microbiome
373:
370:
360:
357:
311:
308:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
286:
283:
246:
243:
218:bacteriophages
157:
154:
88:
87:
78:
74:
73:
63:
62:Disestablished
59:
58:
48:
44:
43:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3900:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3828:
3820:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:Schizomycetes
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Teichoic acid
3606:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3580:Peptidoglycan
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:Cell membrane
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
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3219:
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3017:
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3011:
3008:
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2990:
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2965:on 2014-03-04
2961:
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2924:
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2434:
2430:
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2423:(4): 508–17.
2422:
2418:
2411:
2403:
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2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:(3): 260–72.
2377:
2373:
2369:
2362:
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2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
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2178:(4): 809–13.
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2169:
2162:
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2069:
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2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
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2026:
2010:
2004:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
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1911:
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1279:on 2017-02-23
1278:
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1200:
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910:
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899:
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879:
874:
871:(3): 337–40.
870:
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837:
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820:
817:
811:
809:
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786:
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761:
745:
739:
735:
725:
724:Superorganism
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
688:
687:Vaginal flora
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
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526:
523:
519:
515:
512:
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494:
491:
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484:
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474:
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466:
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387:
383:
379:
369:
367:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
321:
320:technologies.
316:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
291:
290:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
242:
240:
236:
232:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
190:, members of
189:
185:
179:
176:
172:
162:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
116:
112:
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95:
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79:
75:
64:
60:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3873:Microbiology
3853:Bacteriology
3797:Mendosicutes
3782:Gracilicutes
3762:
3662:Mycolic acid
3652:Mycobacteria
3650:
3622:
3601:
3537:Coccobacilli
3437:in pregnancy
3403:Extremophile
3387:Aerotolerant
3321:Biochemistry
3283:microbiology
3269:Microbiology
3203:
3162:Human virome
3135:In pregnancy
3059:13 June 2012
3056:
3052:Gina Kolata
3049:22 July 2009
3046:
2988:
2978:
2967:. Retrieved
2960:the original
2947:
2936:. Retrieved
2932:
2923:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2707:
2703:
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2631:
2627:
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2572:
2562:
2517:
2513:
2502:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2273:
2270:BMC Genomics
2269:
2259:
2227:(1): 56–62.
2224:
2220:
2210:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2038:(11): 44–5.
2035:
2031:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1981:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1865:
1859:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1722:
1719:BMC Genomics
1718:
1708:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1627:(1): 125–6.
1624:
1620:
1610:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1374:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1328:. 2018-03-09
1325:
1316:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:
1292:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:the original
1272:
1263:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1211:. 2018-01-02
1208:
1199:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:the original
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1024:
1012:. Retrieved
1002:
990:. Retrieved
981:
969:. Retrieved
965:the original
955:
912:
908:
868:
864:
854:
842:
830:
825:January 2014
795:. Retrieved
785:
774:. Retrieved
769:
760:
748:. Retrieved
738:
704:Metagenomics
694:Human virome
620:
607:
578:
559:
534:involved in
531:
517:
481:
443:
439:
436:Achievements
419:
375:
362:
345:metabolomics
323:
318:
313:
288:
248:
234:
228:
223:
180:
167:
156:Introduction
133:
126:metagenomics
119:
97:
93:
91:
3848:Microbiomes
3685:Slime layer
3365:Facultative
3353:Facultative
3102:Human flora
2082:(11): 1–7.
1827:(1): 13–6.
1326:www.cdc.gov
1273:www.cdc.gov
1235:vmc.vcu.edu
1209:www.cdc.gov
1085:hmpdacc.org
520:strains in
279:many others
47:Established
3842:Categories
3792:Mollicutes
3787:Firmicutes
3777:Prokaryota
3695:Glycocalyx
3520:plasticity
3483:Lipophilic
3336:preference
3311:Resistance
2969:2012-11-06
2938:2018-04-15
2327:(5): R50.
1405:2019-04-18
1381:2019-04-18
1356:2018-04-05
1332:2018-04-15
1307:2018-04-05
1302:ibdmdb.org
1283:2018-04-15
1240:2018-04-05
1215:2018-04-03
1110:Microbiome
1090:2018-03-30
776:2018-04-15
731:References
714:Microflora
682:Skin flora
551:Milestones
536:meningitis
454:CharProtDB
349:lipidomics
330:metagenome
111:microbiome
106:microbiota
3745:evolution
3719:Composite
3618:Endospore
3576:Cell wall
3552:Structure
3443:Placental
3382:Nanaerobe
3360:Anaerobic
3291:Infection
3209:OpenBiome
3183:Dysbiosis
3167:Mycobiota
2445:205529660
2104:205859554
1920:ignored (
1910:cite book
1132:2049-2618
1116:(1): 31.
672:Gut flora
564:director
532:Neisseria
522:vaginosis
210:parasites
122:community
3817:Category
3740:Taxonomy
3673:envelope
3563:envelope
3453:Salivary
3370:Obligate
3348:Obligate
3296:Exotoxin
3273:Bacteria
3227:Category
3157:Salivary
3147:Placenta
3040:Archived
2915:22635997
2858:22719820
2818:PLOS ONE
2799:22699609
2742:22699610
2668:20676376
2628:PLOS ONE
2609:20937873
2554:20865041
2514:PLOS ONE
2494:22267877
2437:21314883
2402:21925113
2353:21624126
2302:21223593
2251:22072382
2202:19343022
2153:20381895
2096:22047112
2060:34313782
2052:22047127
2015:11 March
1973:20831800
1902:21400694
1851:22025481
1802:21718538
1751:21899761
1700:21546392
1651:22039206
1602:22135293
1553:22140108
1504:22086953
1455:22194640
1249:cite web
1191:27811841
1150:30808411
947:17943116
887:26824647
819:Archived
662:Genomics
629:See also
599:changed.
582:16S rRNA
430:etiology
326:16S rRNA
207:helminth
188:bacteria
184:cultured
146:16S rRNA
142:isolates
3827:Commons
3726:Biofilm
3705:Fimbria
3690:S-layer
3671:Outside
3532:Bacilli
3448:Uterine
3433:Vaginal
3343:Aerobic
3326:ecology
3281:Medical
3197:Related
2906:3416431
2885:Bibcode
2849:3374616
2826:Bibcode
2790:3564958
2769:Bibcode
2733:3377744
2712:Bibcode
2659:2911385
2636:Bibcode
2600:3063583
2577:Bibcode
2545:2928729
2522:Bibcode
2485:3260529
2393:3209701
2344:3271711
2293:3023750
2242:3244768
2193:2746707
2144:2868334
1993:8 March
1964:2945939
1947:: 457.
1893:3072823
1842:3244760
1793:3213679
1776:: 271.
1742:3180703
1725:: 444.
1691:3106197
1642:3244761
1593:3245063
1544:3245046
1495:3245048
1446:3245086
1141:6391833
1062:8 March
1036:8 March
1014:8 March
992:8 March
971:8 March
938:3709439
917:Bibcode
797:8 March
750:8 March
214:viruses
195:Archaea
82:hmpdacc
77:Website
67: (
52: (
3772:Monera
3542:Spiral
3334:Oxygen
3152:Uterus
3130:Vagina
2913:
2903:
2856:
2846:
2797:
2787:
2761:Nature
2740:
2730:
2704:Nature
2666:
2656:
2607:
2597:
2552:
2542:
2492:
2482:
2443:
2435:
2400:
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2351:
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2276:: 21.
2249:
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2102:
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2050:
1971:
1961:
1900:
1890:
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1492:
1453:
1443:
1298:"Team"
1189:
1148:
1138:
1130:
945:
935:
909:Nature
885:
586:genera
570:Nature
542:, and
540:sepsis
408:, and
351:, and
277:, and
273:, the
253:, the
201:, and
199:yeasts
192:domain
3700:Pilus
3654:only:
3634:Porin
3626:only:
3605:only:
3527:Cocci
3503:Shape
3423:Mouth
3396:Other
3120:Mouth
2963:(PDF)
2956:(PDF)
2441:S2CID
2100:S2CID
2056:S2CID
36:Owner
3743:and
3561:Cell
3428:Skin
3418:Lung
3324:and
3125:Skin
3115:Lung
2911:PMID
2854:PMID
2795:PMID
2738:PMID
2664:PMID
2605:PMID
2550:PMID
2490:PMID
2433:PMID
2398:PMID
2349:PMID
2298:PMID
2247:PMID
2198:PMID
2149:PMID
2092:PMID
2048:PMID
2017:2012
1995:2012
1969:PMID
1922:help
1898:PMID
1878:ISBN
1847:PMID
1798:PMID
1747:PMID
1696:PMID
1647:PMID
1598:PMID
1549:PMID
1500:PMID
1451:PMID
1255:link
1187:PMID
1146:PMID
1128:ISSN
1064:2012
1038:2012
1016:2012
994:2012
973:2012
943:PMID
883:PMID
865:Cell
799:2012
752:2012
212:and
134:i.e.
92:The
84:.org
69:2016
65:2016
54:2007
50:2007
3595:DAP
3590:NAG
3585:NAM
3413:Gut
3110:Gut
2901:PMC
2893:doi
2844:PMC
2834:doi
2785:PMC
2777:doi
2765:486
2728:PMC
2720:doi
2708:486
2654:PMC
2644:doi
2595:PMC
2585:doi
2540:PMC
2530:doi
2480:PMC
2472:doi
2425:doi
2388:PMC
2380:doi
2339:PMC
2329:doi
2288:PMC
2278:doi
2237:PMC
2229:doi
2188:PMC
2180:doi
2176:104
2139:PMC
2131:doi
2084:doi
2040:doi
1959:PMC
1949:doi
1888:PMC
1870:doi
1837:PMC
1829:doi
1788:PMC
1778:doi
1737:PMC
1727:doi
1686:PMC
1678:doi
1637:PMC
1629:doi
1588:PMC
1580:doi
1539:PMC
1531:doi
1490:PMC
1482:doi
1441:PMC
1433:doi
1177:doi
1136:PMC
1118:doi
933:PMC
925:doi
913:449
873:doi
869:164
562:NIH
392:or
382:IBD
366:CDC
271:MIT
98:HMP
39:US
3844::
3765::
3578::
3271::
2987:.
2931:.
2909:.
2899:.
2891:.
2881:78
2879:.
2875:.
2852:.
2842:.
2832:.
2820:.
2816:.
2793:.
2783:.
2775:.
2763:.
2759:.
2736:.
2726:.
2718:.
2706:.
2702:.
2676:^
2662:.
2652:.
2642:.
2630:.
2626:.
2603:.
2593:.
2583:.
2571:.
2548:.
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2516:.
2512:.
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2478:.
2468:43
2466:.
2462:.
2439:.
2431:.
2421:13
2419:.
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2370:.
2347:.
2337:.
2325:12
2323:.
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2272:.
2268:.
2245:.
2235:.
2225:28
2223:.
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2170:.
2147:.
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2127:26
2125:.
2121:.
2098:.
2090:.
2080:11
2078:.
2054:.
2046:.
2036:11
2034:.
1967:.
1957:.
1945:11
1943:.
1939:.
1914::
1912:}}
1908:{{
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1570:.
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