Human papillomavirus infection

1457:

into 16 sublineages (A1–4, B1–4, C1–4 and D1–4). The A1-A3 sublineages constitute the European variant, A4 the Asian variant, B1-B4 the African type I variant, C1–C4 the African type II variant, D1 the North American variant, D2 the Asian American type I variant, D3 the Asian American type II variant. The various lineages and sublineages have different oncogenic capacity, where overall, the non-European lineages are considered to increase the risk for cancer. Although HPV16 is a DNA virus, there are signs of recombination among the different lineages. Based on an analysis of more than 3600 genomes, between 0.3 and 1.2% of them could be recombinant. Thus, ideally, genotyping (for cancer-risk assessment) of HPV16 should not be based only on certain genes, but on all genes from the entire genome.

610: 1665:(ASC-US). Co-testing with a Pap test and HPV test is recommended because it decreases the rate of false-negatives. According to the National Cancer Institute, "The most common test detects DNA from several high-risk HPV types, but it cannot identify the types that are present. Another test is specific for DNA from HPV types 16 and 18, the two types that cause most HPV-associated cancers. A third test can detect DNA from several high-risk HPV types and can indicate whether HPV-16 or HPV-18 is present. A fourth test detects RNA from the most common high-risk HPV types. These tests can detect HPV infections before cell abnormalities are evident. 1515:. One of the spliced isoform RNAs, E6*I, serves as an E7 mRNA to translate E7 protein. However, viral early transcription subjects to viral E2 regulation and high E2 levels repress the transcription. HPV genomes integrate into host genome by disruption of E2 ORF, preventing E2 repression on E6 and E7. Thus, viral genome integration into host DNA genome increases E6 and E7 expression to promote cellular proliferation and the chance of malignancy. The degree to which E6 and E7 are expressed is correlated with the type of cervical lesion that can ultimately develop. 1031: 924: 2079:

of 996 cervical cytology samples in an Irish urban female, opportunistically screened population, found an overall HPV prevalence of 19.8%, HPV 16 at 20% and HPV 18 at 12% were the commonest high-risk types detected. In Europe, types 16 and 18 are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancers. Overall rates of HPV-associated invasive cancers may be increasing. Between 1994 and 2014, there was a 2% increase in the rate of HPV-associated invasive cancers per year for both sexes in Ireland.

1718:) to create a low risk of disease and mortality, and treat the cancers when they appear. Others believe that reducing HPV infection in more men and women, even when it has no symptoms, is important (herd immunity) to prevent more cancers rather than just treating them. Where tests are used, negative test results show safety from transmission, and positive test results show where shielding (condoms, gloves) is needed to prevent transmission until the infection clears. 1161:(EBC), bronchial brushing and neoplastic lung tissue of cases, and found a presence of an HPV infection in 16.4% of the subjects affected by nonsmall cell lung cancer, but in none of the controls. The reported average frequencies of HPV in lung cancers were 17% and 15% in Europe and the Americas, respectively, and the mean number of HPV in Asian lung cancer samples was 35.7%, with a considerable heterogeneity between certain countries and regions. 1046:: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59. One study found that 74% of squamous cell carcinomas and 78% of adenocarcinomas tested positive for HPV types 16 or 18. Persistent HPV infection increases the risk for developing cervical carcinoma. Individuals who have an increased incidence of these types of infection are women with HIV/AIDS, who are at a 22-fold increased risk of cervical cancer. 1219:. HPV is difficult to remove via standard hospital disinfection techniques, and may be transmitted in a healthcare setting on re-usable gynecological equipment, such as vaginal ultrasound transducers. The period of communicability is still unknown, but probably at least as long as visible HPV lesions persist. HPV may still be transmitted even after lesions are treated and no longer visible or present. 2049:

new HPV infections among Americans aged 15–44; of these, an estimated 74% occurred to people between ages of 15 and 24. Of the STIs studied, genital HPV was the most commonly acquired. In the United States, it is estimated that 10% of the population has an active HPV infection, 4% has an infection that has caused cytological abnormalities, and an additional 1% has an infection causing genital warts.

13476: 1634: 586:. All HPV vaccines protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the greatest risk of cervical cancer. The quadrivalent vaccines also protect against HPV types 6 and 11. The nonavalent vaccine Gardasil 9 provides protection against those four types (6, 11, 16, and 18), along with five other high-risk HPV types responsible for 20% of cervical cancers (types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). 1079:). Because the process of transforming normal cervical cells into cancerous ones is slow, cancer occurs in people having been infected with HPV for a long time, usually over a decade or more (persistent infection). Furthermore, both the HPV infection and cervical cancer drive metabolic modifications that may be correlated with the aberrant regulation of enzymes related to metabolic pathways. 602: 1153:

cancer. Researchers looking for HPV among 1,633 lung cancer patients and 2,729 people without the lung disease found that people with lung cancer had more types of HPV than noncancer patients did, and among lung cancer patients, the chances of having eight types of serious HPV were significantly increased. In addition, expression of HPV structural proteins by immunohistochemistry and

1470: 60: 1333: 1822:; all three protect against initial infection with HPV types 16 and 18, which cause most of the HPV-associated cancer cases. Gardasil also protects against HPV types 6 and 11, which cause 90% of genital warts. Gardasil is a recombinant quadrivalent vaccine, whereas Cervarix is bivalent, and is prepared from virus-like particles (VLP) of the L1 339:, globally. High-risk HPVs cause about 5% of all cancers worldwide and about 37,300 cases of cancer in the United States each year. Cervical cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide, causing an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. About 90% of these new cases and deaths of cervical cancer occurred in 1668:"Theoretically, the HPV DNA and RNA tests could be used to identify HPV infections in cells taken from any part of the body. However, the tests are approved by the FDA for only two indications: for follow-up testing of women who seem to have abnormal Pap test results and for cervical cancer screening in combination with a 1511:(ORF), two late (L1 and L2) ORFs, and a non-coding long control region (LCR). After the host cell is infected viral early promoter is activated and a polycistronic primary RNA containing all six early ORFs is transcribed. This polycistronic RNA then undergoes active RNA splicing to generate multiple isoforms of 306:. There is no evidence that HPV can spread via common items like toilet seats, but the types that cause warts may spread via surfaces such as floors. HPV is not killed by common hand sanitizers and disinfectants, increasing the possibility of the virus being transferred via non-living infectious agents called 1728:

to test the penis, scrotum and anus of men in long-term relationships with women who were positive for high-risk HPV. Of these men, 60% were found to carry the virus, primarily on the penis. Similar studies have been conducted on women using cytobrushes - an endocervical brush for sampling the cervix

1695:

recommend testing for HPV in oropharyngeal cancer. However, while testing is recommended, there is no specific type of test used to detect HPV from oral tumors that is currently recommended by the FDA in the United States. Because HPV type 16 is the most common type found in oropharyngeal cancer, p16

1556:

oncogene. In the upper layers of the host epithelium, the late genes L1 and L2 are transcribed/translated and serve as structural proteins that encapsidate the amplified viral genomes. Once the genome is encapsidated, the capsid appears to undergo a redox-dependent assembly/maturation event, which is

1939:

Follow up care is usually recommended and practiced by many health clinics. Follow-up is sometimes not successful because a portion of those treated do not return to be evaluated. In addition to the normal methods of phone calls and mail, text messaging and email can improve the number of people who

1880:

use may reduce the risk for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection" but provides a lesser degree of protection compared with other sexual transmitted infections "because HPV also may be transmitted by exposure to areas (e.g., infected skin or mucosal surfaces) that are not covered or protected

1740:

One small study used wet cytobrushes, rather than wet the skin. It found a higher proportion of men to be HPV-positive when the skin was rubbed with a 600 grit emery paper before being swabbed with the brush, rather than swabbed with no preparation. It's unclear whether the emery paper collected the

1660:

recommend different screening strategies for cervical cancer based on a woman's age, screening history, risk factors and choice of tests. Because of the link between HPV and cervical cancer, the ACS currently recommends early detection of cervical cancer in average-risk asymptomatic adults primarily

1456:

Researchers initially identified two major variants of HPV16, European (HPV16-E), and Non-European (HPV16-NE). More recent analyses based on thousands of HPV16 genomes show that indeed two major clades exist, that are further subdivided into four lineages (designated A-D) and even further subdivided

1276:

Sharing of possibly contaminated objects, for example, razors, may transmit HPV. Although possible, transmission by routes other than sexual intercourse is less common for female genital HPV infection. Fingers-genital contact is a possible way of transmission but unlikely to be a significant source.

1210:

Risk factors for persistent genital HPV infections, which increases the risk for developing cancer, include early age of first sexual intercourse, multiple partners, smoking, and immunosuppression. Genital HPV is spread by sustained direct skin-to-skin contact, with vaginal, anal, and oral sex being

2103:

overall HPV prevalence is 14.5% but shows substantial ethnical disparity, the prevalence in Mongolian women (14.9%) being much higher than that of Han participants (4.3%). Urbanization, the number of sex partners, and PAP history appear as risk factors for HPV infection in Han, but not in Mongolian

2082:

As HPV is known to be associated with ano-genital warts, these are notifiable to the Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC). Genital warts are the second most common STI in Ireland. There were 1,281 cases of ano-genital warts notified in 2017, which was a decrease on the 2016 figure of 1,593.

2078:

On average 538 cases of HPV-associated cancers were diagnosed per year in Ireland during the period 2010 to 2014. Cervical cancer was the most frequent HPV-associated cancer with on average 292 cases per year (74% of the female total, and 54% of the overall total of HPV-associated cancers). A study

2052:

Estimates of HPV prevalence vary from 14% to more than 90%. One reason for the difference is that some studies report women who currently have a detectable infection, while other studies report women who have ever had a detectable infection. Another cause of discrepancy is the difference in strains

2048:

estimates that about 75–80% of sexually active Americans will be infected with HPV at some point in their lifetime. By the age of 50 more than 80% of American women will have contracted at least one strain of genital HPV. It was estimated that, in the year 2000, there were approximately 6.2 million

1841:

The CDC recommends the vaccines be delivered in two shots at an interval of least 6 months for those aged 11–12, and three doses for those 13 and older. In most countries, they are funded only for female use, but are approved for male use in many countries, and funded for teenage boys in Australia.

1837:

There is high-certainty evidence that HPV vaccines protect against precancerous cervical lesions in young women, particularly those vaccinated aged 15 to 26. HPV vaccines do not increase the risk of serious adverse events. Longer follow-up is needed to monitor the impact of HPV vaccines on cervical

1302:

blood samples from 180 healthy male donors for HPV, and subsequently found DNA of one or more strains of the virus in 15 (8.3%) of the samples. However, it is important to note that detecting the presence of HPV DNA in blood is not the same as detecting the virus itself in blood, and whether or not

1285:

Though it has traditionally been assumed that HPV is not transmissible via blood – as it is thought to only infect cutaneous and mucosal tissues – recent studies have called this notion into question. Historically, HPV DNA has been detected in the blood of cervical cancer patients. In 2005, a group

1247:

Of the 120 known human papilloma viruses, 51 species and three subtypes infect the genital mucosa. Fifteen are classified as high-risk types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82), three as probable high-risk (26, 53, and 66), and twelve as low-risk (6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44,

1140:

In the United States, the number of newly diagnosed, HPV-associated head and neck cancers has surpassed that of cervical cancer cases. The rate of such cancers has increased from an estimated 0.8 cases per 100,000 people in 1988 to 4.5 per 100,000 in 2012, and, as of 2021, the rate has continued to

699:

The great majority of genital HPV infections never cause any overt symptoms and are cleared by the immune system in a matter of months. Moreover, people may transmit the virus to others even if they do not display overt symptoms of infection. Most people acquire genital HPV infections at some point

633:

present in the skin. Although these latent infections may never be fully eradicated, immunological control is thought to block the appearance of symptoms such as warts. Immunological control is HPV type-specific, meaning an individual may become resistant to one HPV type while remaining susceptible

1267:

Non-sexual hand contact seems to have little or no role in HPV transmission. Winer found all fourteen fingertip samples from virgin women negative at the start of her fingertip study. In a separate report on genital HPV infection, 1% of virgin women (1 of 76) with no sexual contact tested positive

1259:

Studies have shown HPV transmission between hands and genitals of the same person and sexual partners. Hernandez tested the genitals and dominant hand of each person in 25 heterosexual couples every other month for an average of seven months. She found two couples where the man's genitals infected

1206:

Sexually transmitted HPV is divided into two categories: low-risk and high-risk. Low-risk HPVs cause warts on or around the genitals. Type 6 and 11 cause 90% of all genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis that causes benign tumors in the air passages. High-risk HPVs cause cancer and

1952:

Globally, 12% of women are positive for HPV DNA, with rates varying by age and country. The highest rates of HPV are in younger women, with a rate of 24% in women under 25 years. Rates decline in older age groups in Europe and the Americas, but less so in Africa and Asia. The rates are highest in

1732:

In one study researchers sampled subjects' urethra, scrotum and penis. Samples taken from the urethra added less than 1% to the HPV rate. Studies like this led Giuliano to recommend sampling the glans, shaft and crease between them, along with the scrotum, since sampling the urethra or anus added

355:

HPV is a group of more than 200 related viruses, which are designated by a number for each virus type. Some HPV types, such as HPV5, may establish infections that persist for the lifetime of the individual without ever manifesting any clinical symptoms. HPV types 1 and 2 can cause common warts in

1897:

bleach is effective, but cannot be used on some types of re-usable equipment, such as ultrasound transducers. As a result of these difficulties, there is developing concern about the possibility of transmitting the virus on healthcare equipment, particularly reusable gynecological equipment that

700:

in their lives, and about 10% of women are currently infected. A large increase in the incidence of genital HPV infection occurs at the age when individuals begin to engage in sexual activity. As with cutaneous HPVs, immunity to genital HPV is believed to be specific to a specific strain of HPV.

7901:

Saslow, D; Solomon, D; Lawson, HW; Killackey, M; Kulasingam, SL; Cain, J; Garcia, FA; Moriarty, AT; Waxman, AG; Wilbur, DC; Wentzensen, N; Downs LS, Jr; Spitzer, M; Moscicki, AB; Franco, EL; Stoler, MH; Schiffman, M; Castle, PE; Myers, ER; ACS-ASCCP-ASCP Cervical Cancer Guideline Committee (May

1767:

Research into testing for HPV by antibody presence has been done. The approach is looking for an immune response in blood, which would contain antibodies for HPV if the patient is HPV positive. The reliability of such tests has not been proven, as there has not been a FDA approved product as of

1763:

Genital warts are the only visible sign of low-risk genital HPV and can be identified with a visual check. These visible growths, however, are the result of non-carcinogenic HPV types. Five percent acetic acid (vinegar) is used to identify both warts and squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIL)

1152:

Some evidence links HPV to benign and malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has found that people with lung cancer were significantly more likely to have several high-risk forms of HPV antibodies compared to those who did not have lung

695:

The strains of HPV that can cause genital warts are usually different from those that cause warts on other parts of the body, such as the hands or feet, or even the inner thighs. A wide variety of HPV types can cause genital warts, but types 6 and 11 together account for about 90% of all cases.

1744:

Studies have found self-collection (with emery paper and Dacron swabs) as effective as collection done by a clinician, and sometimes more so, since patients were more willing than a clinician to scrape vigorously. Women had similar success in self-sampling using tampons, swabs, cytobrushes and

1535:

E6 and E7 are thought to modify the cell cycle so as to retain the differentiating host keratinocyte in a state that is favourable to the amplification of viral genome replication and consequent late gene expression. E6 in association with host E6-associated protein, which has ubiquitin ligase

1303:

the virus itself can or does reside in blood in infected individuals is still unknown. As such, it remains to be determined whether HPV can or cannot be transmitted via blood. This is of concern, as blood donations are not currently screened for HPV, and at least some organizations such as the

1577:

Once an HPV virion invades a cell, an active infection occurs, and the virus can be transmitted. Several months to years may elapse before squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) develop and can be clinically detected. The time from active infection to clinically detectable disease may make it

1227:

Although genital HPV types can be transmitted from mother to child during birth, the appearance of genital HPV-related diseases in newborns is rare. However, the lack of appearance does not rule out asymptomatic latent infection, as the virus has proven to be capable of hiding for decades.

1260:

the woman's hand with high-risk HPV, two where her hand infected his genitals, one where her genitals infected his hand, two each where he infected his own hand, and she infected her own hand. Hands were not the main source of transmission in these 25 couples, but they were significant.

931:

In some infected individuals, their immune systems may fail to control HPV. Lingering infection with high-risk HPV types, such as types 16, 18, 31, and 45, can favor the development of cancer. Co-factors such as cigarette smoke can also enhance the risk of such HPV-related cancers.

1849:

Cervical cancer screening recommendations have not changed for females who receive HPV vaccine. It remains a recommendation that women continue cervical screening, such as Pap smear testing, even after receiving the vaccine, since it does not prevent all types of cervical cancer.

994:. In short, p53 is a tumor-suppressor protein that arrests the cell cycle and prevents cell growth and survival when DNA damage occurs. Thus, the degradation of p53, induced by E6, promotes unregulated cell division, cell growth and cell survival, all characteristics of cancer. 1863:

approved a nine-valent Gardasil-based vaccine, Gardasil 9, to protect against infection with the four strains of HPV covered by the first generation of Gardasil as well as five other strains responsible for 20% of cervical cancers (HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58).

328:, can detect both early cancer and abnormal cells that may develop into cancer. Screening allows for early treatment which results in better outcomes. Screening has reduced both the number of cases and the number of deaths from cervical cancer. Genital warts can be removed by 10521:

Wang X, Ji Y, Li J, Dong H, Zhu B, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Wang Y, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q, Ji X, Liu D (January 2018). "Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in women in the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia: A population-based study of a Chinese ethnic minority".

1826:. Gardasil 9 is nonavalent, having the potential to prevent about 90% of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers. It can protect for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58; the latter five cause up to 20% of cervical cancers which were not previously covered. 5448:

Drake, Virginia; Fakhry, Carole; Windon, Melina J.; Stewart, C. Matthew; Akst, Lee; Hillel, Alexander; Chien, Wade; Ha, Patrick; Miles, Brett; Gourin, Christine G.; Mandal, Rajarsi; Mydlarz, Wojciech K.; Rooper, Lisa; Troy, Tanya; Yavvari, Siddhartha (11 January 2021).

1460:

A bioinformatics tool named HPV16-Genotyper performs i) HPV16 lineage genotyping, ii) it detects potential recombination events, iii) it identifies, within the submitted sequences, mutations/SNPs that have been reported (in literature) to increase the risk for cancer.

1236:(JORRP). JORRP is very rare, with rates of about 2 cases per 100,000 children in the United States. Although JORRP rates are substantially higher if a woman presents with genital warts at the time of giving birth, the risk of JORRP in such cases is still less than 1%. 1759:

Although it is possible to test for HPV DNA in other kinds of infections, there are no FDA-approved tests for general screening in the United States or tests approved by the Canadian government, since the testing is inconclusive and considered medically unnecessary.

1207:

consist of about twelve identified types. Types 16 and 18 are responsible for causing most of HPV-caused cancers. These high-risk HPVs cause 5% of the cancers in the world. In the United States, high-risk HPVs cause 3% of all cancer cases in women and 2% in men.

1661:

with cervical cytology by Pap smear, regardless of HPV vaccination status. Women aged 30–65 should preferably be tested every 5 years with both the HPV test and the Pap test. In other age groups, a Pap test alone can suffice unless they have been diagnosed with

1792:, can detect early cancer or abnormal cells that may develop into cancer. This allows for early treatment which results in better outcomes. Screening has reduced both the number and deaths from cervical cancer in the developed world. Warts can be removed by 628:

Skin warts are most common in childhood and typically appear and regress spontaneously over the course of weeks to months. Recurring skin warts are common. All HPVs are believed to be capable of establishing long-term "latent" infections in small numbers of

1845:

Following studies suggesting that the vaccine is more effective in younger girls than in older teenagers, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Mexico, the Netherlands and Quebec began offering the vaccine in a two-dose schedule for girls aged under 15 in 2014.

4475:"Comparison of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 8,097 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 1,374 women with adenocarcinoma from 12 epidemiological studies" 10436: 4000:

Zanier, Katia; Charbonnier, Sebastian; Sidi, Abdellahi Ould M'hamed Ould; McEwen, Alastair G.; Ferrario, Maria Giovanna; Poussin-Courmontagne, Pierre; Cura, Vincent; Brimer, Nicole; Babah, Khaled Ould; Ansari, Tina; Muller, Isabelle (8 February 2013).

1956:

The most common types of HPV worldwide are HPV16 (3.2%), HPV18 (1.4%), HPV52 (0.9%), HPV31 (0.8%), and HPV58 (0.7%). High-risk types of HPV are also distributed unevenly, with HPV16 having a rate around 13% in Africa and 30% in West and Central Asia.

1108:. In the United States, penile cancer accounts for about 0.5% of all cancer cases in men. HPV16 is the most commonly associated type detected. The risk of penile cancer increases 2- to 3-fold for individuals who are infected with HIV as well as HPV. 3098:

Noel J, Lespagnard L, Fayt I, Verhest A, Dargent J (January 2001). "Evidence of human papilloma virus infection but lack of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of uterine cervix: report of two cases and review of the literature".

1713:

There is not a wide range of tests available even though HPV is common; most studies of HPV used tools and custom analysis not available to the general public. Clinicians often depend on the vaccine among young people and high clearance rates (see

1384:. Infection typically occurs when basal cells in the host are exposed to the infectious virus through a disturbed epithelial barrier as would occur during sexual intercourse or after minor skin abrasions. HPV infections have not been shown to be 3085:

Overall, these DNA-based studies, combined with measurements of type-specific antibodies against HPV capsid antigens, have shown that most (>50%) sexually active women have been infected by one or more genital HPV types at some point in time

10077:

In fact, the lifetime risk for contracting HPV is at least 50 percent for all sexually active women and men, and, it is estimated that, by the age of 50, at least 80 percent of women will have acquired sexually transmitted HPV (CDC, 2004; CDC,

1764:

lesions with limited success by causing abnormal tissue to appear white, but most doctors have found this technique helpful only in moist areas, such as the female genital tract. At this time, HPV tests for males are used only in research.

1557:

tied to a natural redox gradient that spans both suprabasal and cornified epithelial tissue layers. This assembly/maturation event stabilizes virions, and increases their specific infectivity. Virions can then be sloughed off in the dead

8476:

Petignat P, Faltin DL, Bruchim I, Tramèr MR, Franco EL, Coutlée F (May 2007). "Are self-collected samples comparable to physician-collected cervical specimens for human papillomavirus DNA testing? A systematic review and meta-analysis".

5046:

Goldie SJ, Kuntz KM, Weinstein MC, Freedberg KA, Palefsky JM (June 2000). "Cost-effectiveness of screening for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and anal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-negative homosexual and bisexual men".

1736:

In one study the subjects were asked not to wash their genitals for 12 hours before sampling, including the urethra as well as the scrotum and the penis. Other studies are silent on washing – a particular gap in studies of the hands.

1624:

Clearing an infection does not always create immunity if there is a new or continuing source of infection. Hernandez' 2005-6 study of 25 couples reports "A number of instances indicated apparent reinfection after viral clearance."

716:

or other areas of the respiratory tract. These warts can recur frequently, may interfere with breathing, and in extremely rare cases can progress to cancer. For these reasons, repeated surgery to remove the warts may be advisable.

1964:(HIV) in the region. Other factors that impact the global spread of disease are sexual behaviors including age of sexual debut, number of sexual partners, and ease of access to barrier contraception, all of which vary globally. 1452:

and suggests that HPV may have diversified along with the human population. Studies suggest that HPV evolved along five major branches that reflect the ethnicity of human hosts, and diversified along with the human population.

1700:

is one test option used to determine if HPV is present, which can help determine course of treatment since tumors that are negative for p16 have better outcomes. Another option that has emerged as a reliable option is HPV DNA

675:

are most commonly found on the arms, face, or forehead. Like common warts, flat warts occur most frequently in children and teens. In people with normal immune function, flat warts are not associated with the development of

1263:

Partridge reports men's fingertips became positive for high risk HPV at more than half the rate (26% per two years) as their genitals (48%). Winer reports 14% of fingertip samples from sexually active women were positive.

997:

It is important to note, that while the interaction between E6, E6AP and p53 was the first to be characterized, there are multiple other proteins in the host cell which interact with E6 and assist the induction of cancer.

274:, a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family. Over 200 types have been described. An individual can become infected with more than one type of HPV, and the disease is only known to affect humans. More than 40 types may be 1065:, respectively. These two HPV clades were shown to have different effects on tumour molecular characteristics and patient prognosis, with clade A7 being associated with more aggressive pathways and an inferior prognosis. 696:

However, in total more than 40 types of HPV are transmitted through sexual contact and can infect the skin of the anus and genitals. Such infections may cause genital warts, although they may also remain asymptomatic.

1641:

Over 200 types of HPV have been identified, and they are designated by numbers. They may be divided into "low-risk" and "high-risk" types. Low-risk types cause warts and high-risk types can cause lesions or cancer.

1395:

HPV is a small double-stranded circular DNA virus with a genome of approximately 8000 base pairs. The HPV life cycle strictly follows the differentiation program of the host keratinocyte. It is thought that the HPV

1315:

Hospital transmission of HPV, especially to surgical staff, has been documented. Surgeons, including urologists and/or anyone in the room, is subject to HPV infection by inhalation of noxious viral particles during

9359:

Liu Z, Rashid T, Nyitray AG (February 2016). "Penises not required: a systematic review of the potential for human papillomavirus horizontal transmission that is non-sexual or does not include penile penetration".

399:. HPV type 16 is the strain most likely to cause cancer and is present in about 47% of all cervical cancers, and in many vaginal and vulvar cancers, penile cancers, anal cancers, and cancers of the head and neck. 10802: 10787: 8242:

Nicolau SM, Camargo CG, Stávale JN, Castelo A, Dôres GB, Lörincz A, de Lima GR (February 2005). "Human papillomavirus DNA detection in male sexual partners of women with genital human papillomavirus infection".

10447: 1829:

The vaccines provide little benefit to women already infected with HPV types 16 and 18. For this reason, the vaccine is recommended primarily for those women not yet having been exposed to HPV during sex. The

9458: 625:(verrucae). Warts are caused by a rapid growth of cells on the outer layer of the skin. While cases of warts have been described since the time of ancient Greece, their viral cause was not known until 1907. 5640:

Syrjänen K, Syrjänen S, Kellokoski J, Kärjä J, Mäntyjärvi R (1989). "Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 and 16 DNA sequences in bronchial squamous cell carcinomas demonstrated by in situ DNA hybridization".

7904:"American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer" 2043:

HPV is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Most sexually active men and women will probably acquire genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. The

4724:

Gagliardi, Alessia; Porter, Vanessa L.; Zong, Zusheng; Bowlby, Reanne; Titmuss, Emma; Namirembe, Constance; Griner, Nicholas B.; Petrello, Hilary; Bowen, Jay; Chan, Simon K.; Culibrk, Luka (August 2020).

8635:

There is currently no FDA-approved test to detect HPV in men. That is because an effective, reliable way to collect a sample of male genital skin cells, which would allow detection of HPV, has yet to be

3665:

Moore CE, Wiatrak BJ, McClatchey KD, Koopmann CF, Thomas GR, Bradford CR, Carey TE (May 1999). "High-risk human papillomavirus types and squamous cell carcinoma in patients with respiratory papillomas".

7099:

Mirabello, Lisa; Clarke, Megan; Nelson, Chase; Dean, Michael; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Yeager, Meredith; Cullen, Michael; Boland, Joseph; NCI HPV Workshop; Schiffman, Mark; Burk, Robert (13 February 2018).

1137:

The local percentage varies widely, from 70% in the United States to 4% in Brazil. Engaging in anal or oral sex with an HPV-infected partner may increase the risk of developing these types of cancers.

2060:, 26.8% of women aged 14 to 59 were infected with at least one type of HPV. This was higher than previous estimates; 15.2% were infected with one or more of the high-risk types that can cause cancer. 1096:

screening for anal cancer might benefit some subpopulations of men or women engaging in anal sex. No consensus exists, though, that such screening is beneficial, or who should get an anal Pap smear.

1090:

The risk for anal cancer is 17 to 31 times higher among HIV-positive individuals who were coinfected with high-risk HPV, and 80 times higher for particularly HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

730:

Cervical cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide, causing an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. About 90% of these new cases and deaths of cervical cancer occurred in

316:

can prevent the most common types of infection. To be most effective, inoculation should occur before the onset of sexual activity, and are therefore recommended between the ages of 9–13 years.

7168:

Nikolaidis, Marios; Tsakogiannis, Dimitris; Bletsa, Garyfalia; Mossialos, Dimitris; Kottaridi, Christine; Iliopoulos, Ioannis; Markoulatos, Panayotis; Amoutzias, Grigoris D. (14 October 2021).

1523:

Sometimes papillomavirus genomes are found integrated into the host genome, and this is especially noticeable with oncogenic HPVs. The E6/E7 proteins inactivate two tumor suppressor proteins,

1324:

of a condyloma (wart). There has been a case report of a laser surgeon who developed extensive laryngeal papillomatosis after providing laser ablation to patients with anogenital condylomata.

1251:

Condoms do not completely protect from the virus because the areas around the genitals including the inner thigh area are not covered, thus exposing these areas to the infected person's skin.

7209:

Mirabello, Lisa; Yeager, Meredith; Cullen, Michael; Boland, Joseph F.; Chen, Zigui; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Zhang, Xijun; Yu, Kai; Yang, Qi; Mitchell, Jason; Roberson, David (September 2016).

5506:

Ernster JA, Sciotto CG, O'Brien MM, Finch JL, Robinson LJ, Willson T, Mathews M (December 2007). "Rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and the role of oncogenic human papilloma virus".

1721:

Studies have tested for and found HPV in men, including high-risk types (i.e. the types found in cancers), on fingers, mouth, saliva, anus, urethra, urine, semen, blood, scrotum and penis.

8209: 10681:"Design and methods of the Ludwig-McGill longitudinal study of the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in Brazil. Ludwig-McGill Study Group - PubMed" 1960:

Like many diseases, HPV disproportionately affects low-income and resource-poor countries. The higher rates of HPV in Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, may be related to high exposure to

2916:

Muñoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, Herrero R, Castellsagué X, Shah KV, et al. (International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Cervical Cancer Study Group) (February 2003).

9766:"Follow-up strategies after treatment (large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) test" 9157: 8129:"Modeling the sexual transmissibility of human papillomavirus infection using stochastic computer simulation and empirical data from a cohort study of young women in Montreal, Canada" 7466:"The E7 oncoprotein is translated from spliced E6*I transcripts in high-risk human papillomavirus type 16- or type 18-positive cervical cancer cell lines via translation reinitiation" 9596: 8701:"Detection of antibodies against a human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 peptide that differentiate high-risk from low-risk HPV-associated low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions" 1780:

can prevent the most common types of infection. To be effective they must be used before an infection occurs and are therefore recommended between the ages of nine and thirteen.

8820: 1042:

are associated with HPV infection, with two types, HPV16 and HPV18, present in 70% of cases. In 2012, twelve HPV types were considered carcinogenic for cervical cancer by the

648:-like surface and are typically slightly raised above the surrounding skin. Cutaneous HPV types can cause genital warts but are not associated with the development of cancer. 6677: 7170:"HPV16-Genotyper: A Computational Tool for Risk-Assessment, Lineage Genotyping and Recombination Detection in HPV16 Sequences, Based on a Large-Scale Evolutionary Analysis" 1928:

There is currently no specific treatment for HPV infection. However, the viral infection is usually cleared to undetectable levels by the immune system. According to the

5853: 1936:

for more detail). However, experts do not agree on whether the virus is eliminated or reduced to undetectable levels, and it is difficult to know when it is contagious.

1586:

Most HPV infections are cleared up by most people without medical action or consequences. The table provides data for high-risk types (i.e. the types found in cancers).

1373:. The infectious process is slow, taking 12–24 hours for initiation of transcription. It is believed that involved antibodies play a major neutralizing role while the 9626: 7838: 10261: 10056: 9465: 1544:

to transactivate its targets, thus pushing the cell cycle forward. All HPV can induce transient proliferation, but only strains 16 and 18 can immortalize cell lines

1392:

cells. HPV can survive for many months and at low temperatures without a host; therefore, an individual with plantar warts can spread the virus by walking barefoot.

1144:

The mutational profile of HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck cancer has been reported, further demonstrating that they are fundamentally distinct diseases.

10284: 5769: 12210: 1684:

in the U.S. suggest conventional visual examination, but because some parts of the oropharynx are hard to see, this cancer is often only detected in later stages.

3351: 10363:, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, from the National Institutes of Health. Update: 19 May 2013 by Jatin M. Vyas. Also reviewed by David Zieve. 3192:"Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection of the anal canal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men" 5165: 3134: 3015:"The role of human papillomavirus in oncogenic transformation and its contribution to the etiology of precancerous lesions and cancer of the larynx: A review" 1842:

The vaccine does not have any therapeutic effect on existing HPV infections or cervical lesions. In 2010, 49% of teenage girls in the US got the HPV vaccine.

1536:

activity, acts to ubiquitinate p53, leading to its proteosomal degradation. E7 (in oncogenic HPVs) acts as the primary transforming protein. E7 competes for

199:

family. Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. In some cases, an HPV infection persists and results in either

12645: 1662: 10604: 9490: 3847:"Epidemiologic factors associated with seropositivity to human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 virus-like particles and risk of subsequent infection in men" 367:. About twelve HPV types (including types 16, 18, 31, and 45) are called "high-risk" types because persistent infection has been linked to cancer of the 6373:

Pao CC, Tsai PL, Chang YL, Hsieh TT, Jin JY (March 1993). "Possible non-sexual transmission of genital human papillomavirus infections in young women".

1294:

HIV infection, 8 (14.0%) of these samples also tested positive for HPV-16. This seems to indicate that it may be possible for HPV to be transmitted via

4066:

Hafner, Antonina; Bulyk, Martha L.; Jambhekar, Ashwini; Lahav, Galit (April 2019). "The multiple mechanisms that regulate p53 activity and cell fate".

9255: 8850: 2104:

women. The region is thus an important example that epidemiology of HPV is more related to cultural and ethnical factors and not to geography per se.

11633: 927:

Genome organization of human papillomavirus type 16, one of the subtypes known to cause cervical cancer (E1-E7 early genes, L1-L2 late genes: capsid)

9690:"Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis" 2804:"Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women: Best Practice Advice From the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians" 8217: 5600: 10173:

Revzina NV, Diclemente RJ (August 2005). "Prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus infection in women in the USA: a systematic review".

6988:"Evolution and taxonomic classification of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)-related variant genomes: HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV52, HPV58 and HPV67" 10905: 688:

HPV infection of the skin in the genital area is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Such infections are associated with

7266:

Jiang, Mingjun; Xi, Long Fu; Edelstein, Zoe R.; Galloway, Denise A.; Olsem, Gary J.; Lin, William Chun-Che; Kiviat, Nancy B. (November 2009).

1889:

The virus is unusually hardy, and is immune to most common disinfectants. It is the first virus ever shown to be resistant to inactivation by

1436:

is transported to the nucleus by unknown mechanisms and establishes itself at a copy number of 10-200 viral genomes per cell. A sophisticated

13428: 12224: 9127: 5020: 2245: 9600: 9149: 8699:

Rocha-Zavaleta L, Ambrosio JP, de Lourdes Mora-Garcia M, Cruz-Talonia F, Hernandez-Montes J, Weiss-Steider B, et al. (September 2004).

8593: 7953:"Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening" 5992:

Burchell AN, Winer RL, de Sanjosé S, Franco EL (August 2006). "Chapter 6: Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of genital HPV infection".

5618: 4473:

Berrington de González A, Green J, et al. (International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer) (February 2007).

2693: 1298:. However, as non-sexual transmission of HPV by other means is not uncommon, this could not be definitively proven. In 2009, a group tested 692:(medically known as condylomata acuminata or venereal warts), and these warts are the most easily recognized sign of genital HPV infection. 644:

are usually found on the hands and feet, but can also occur in other areas, such as the elbows or knees. Common warts have a characteristic

10220: 5551:"Targeted next-generation sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma identifies novel genetic alterations in HPV+ and HPV- tumors" 1834:

position paper on HPV vaccination clearly outlines appropriate, cost-effective strategies for using HPV vaccine in public sector programs.

1751:

Other studies analyzed urine, semen, and blood and found varying amounts of HPV, but there is not a publicly available test for those yet.

9459:

Health Service Executive Guidance for Decontamination of Semi-critical Ultrasound Probes; Semi-invasive and Non-invasive Ultrasound Probes

9016: 7729:"Activation of Wnt signaling pathway by human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncogenes in HPV16-positive oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells" 5236:"Human papillomavirus and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: implications for clinical research in head and neck cancers" 2668: 13516: 10352: 4233:"Genus beta human papillomaviruses and incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of skin: population based case-control study" 3476:"Human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution and serological response to HPV type 6 virus-like particles in patients with genital warts" 1043: 10628:"The integration of HPV-18 into HeLa cells has involved duplication of part of the viral genome as well as human DNA flanking sequences" 9573: 6528:

HPV and Other Infectious Agents in Cancer:Opportunities for Prevention and Public Health: Opportunities for Prevention and Public Health

6359: 2448: 556:

protect against either two, four, or nine types of HPV. There are six prophylactic HPV vaccines licensed for use: the bivalent vaccines

13231: 12902: 11890: 11721: 10754: 9569: 9539: 9281: 9122: 9011: 8563: 8558: 6542: 2698: 2663: 2628: 2504: 2467: 2393: 2067: 1929: 1873: 10759: 3534: 11761: 10735: 8828: 1141:

increase. Researchers explain these recent data by an increase in oral sex. This type of cancer is more common in men than in women.

9062: 8618: 1440:

then occurs as the host keratinocyte begins to divide and become increasingly differentiated in the upper layers of the epithelium.

12638: 10030: 8004: 6456: 6191:"The optimal anatomic sites for sampling heterosexual men for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection: the HPV detection in men study" 4675:

Doorbar, John; Quint, Wim; Banks, Lawrence; Bravo, Ignacio G.; Stoler, Mark; Broker, Tom R.; Stanley, Margaret A. (November 2012).

2633: 10124: 6673: 8798: 7866: 1853:

Both men and women are carriers of HPV. The Gardasil vaccine also protects men against anal cancers and warts and genital warts.

1075:

Most HPV infections of the cervix are cleared rapidly by the immune system and do not progress to cervical cancer (see below the

1068:

In 2020, about 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths from cervical cancer occurred worldwide. Around 90% of these occurred in the

8890: 8567: 6835:

Scheurer ME, Tortolero-Luna G, Adler-Storthz K (2005). "Human papillomavirus infection: biology, epidemiology, and prevention".

5176: 2472: 4727:"Analysis of Ugandan cervical carcinomas identifies human papillomavirus clade–specific epigenome and transcriptome landscapes" 1906:

or a non-hypochlorite "oxidizing‐based high‐level disinfectant with label claims for non‐enveloped viruses", such as a strong

1193:, but the development is not well understood. The specific types of HPV that are associated with EV are HPV5, HPV8, and HPV14. 77: 9285: 5845: 5085:

Elizabeth A. Van Dyne; S. Jane Henley; Mona Saraiya; Cheryll C. Thomas; Lauri E. Markowitz; Vicki B. Benard (24 August 2018).

3581:

Sinal SH, Woods CR (October 2005). "Human papillomavirus infections of the genital and respiratory tracts in young children".

2590: 13521: 11626: 11254: 10577: 9820:"Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, and Vaccination-Review of Current Perspectives" 7586: 6536: 5973: 5938: 4955: 3458: 3174: 2867: 2442: 1688: 1499:

The two primary oncoproteins of high risk HPV types are E6 and E7. The "E" designation indicates that these two proteins are

1244:

Genital HPV infections are transmitted primarily by contact with the genitals, anus, or mouth of an infected sexual partner.

8741: 3430: 3301:"The ubiquity and impressive genomic diversity of human skin papillomaviruses suggest a commensalic nature of these viruses" 13506: 13433: 11854: 9622: 2917: 2398: 2083:

The highest age-specific rate for both male and female was in the 25–29 year old age range; 53% of cases were among males.

17: 10064: 10004: 3138: 1856:

Duration of both vaccines' efficacy has been observed since they were first developed, and is expected to be longlasting.

12631: 11911: 10298: 1007: 9543: 9491:"Recommendations for Cleaning and Disinfection in Medical Ultrasound to Prevent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Transmission" 9078:"Immunogenicity of 2 doses of HPV vaccine in younger adolescents vs 3 doses in young women: a randomized clinical trial" 3548: 2499: 11196: 11160: 10898: 9043:"Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" 2045: 1941: 1903: 1122:

Oral infection with high-risk carcinogenic HPV types (most commonly HPV 16) is associated with an increasing number of

7569:

Chaturvedi A, Gillison ML (4 March 2010). "Human Papillomavirus and Head and Neck Cancer". In Andrew F. Olshan (ed.).

12230: 11756: 11713: 11170: 10971: 9198:"The efficacy and duration of vaccine protection against human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 8935: 7372:

Ganguly N, Parihar SP (March 2009). "Human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins as risk factors for tumorigenesis".

3231:

Muñoz N, Castellsagué X, de González AB, Gissmann L (August 2006). "Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer".

1291: 1117: 521: 343:. Roughly 1% of sexually active adults have genital warts. Cases of skin warts have been described since the time of 248: 5162: 1748:

Several studies used cytobrushes to sample fingertips and under fingernails, without wetting the area or the brush.

12833: 12216: 12145: 11619: 11175: 10378: 1692: 1216: 303: 9693: 7211:"HPV16 Sublineage Associations With Histology-Specific Cancer Risk Using HPV Whole-Genome Sequences in 3200 Women" 13155: 11014: 9511: 2117: 1170: 967: 489: 5777: 1561:

of the host epithelium and the viral lifecycle continues. A 2010 study has found that E6 and E7 are involved in

1307:

and other Red Cross societies do not presently appear to disallow HPV-positive individuals from donating blood.

335:

Nearly every sexually active individual is infected by HPV at some point in their lives. HPV is the most common

13170: 11815: 11801: 11263: 7778:"Age-specific prevalence, incidence, and duration of human papillomavirus infections in a cohort of 290 US men" 7515: 7315:

Zanier K, Charbonnier S, Sidi AO, McEwen AG, Ferrario MG, Poussin-Courmontagne P, et al. (February 2013).

5684:

Carpagnano GE, Koutelou A, Natalicchio MI, Martinelli D, Ruggieri C, Di Taranto A, et al. (October 2011).

4523: 2721: 336: 275: 10395: 10328: 8514:"Genital human papillomavirus infection in men: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of university students" 6296:"Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students" 4862:"Human papillomavirus 16 non-European variants are preferentially associated with high-grade cervical lesions" 1157:

studies suggest HPV presence in bronchial cancer and its precursor lesions. Another study detected HPV in the

621:" infection) with HPV is very widespread. Skin infections with HPV can cause noncancerous skin growths called 13387: 12176: 10891: 6880:"The S100A10 subunit of the annexin A2 heterotetramer facilitates L2-mediated human papillomavirus infection" 1425: 12253: 8380:"Comparison of physician- and self-collected genital specimens for detection of human papillomavirus in men" 1057:. The two major carcinogenic HPV clades, alphapapillomavirus-9 (A9) and alphapapillomavirus-7 (A7), contain 708:

In addition to genital warts, infection by HPV types 6 and 11 can cause a rare condition known as recurrent

609: 13453: 13399: 12020: 12014: 11925: 11919: 11809: 11332: 10600: 9907:

Forman D, de Martel C, Lacey CJ, Soerjomataram I, Lortet-Tieulent J, Bruni L, et al. (November 2012).

9872:

Serrano B, Brotons M, Bosch FX, Bruni L (February 2018). "Epidemiology and burden of HPV-related disease".

9250: 9245: 9171: 8860: 8855: 6247:"Detection of genital HPV types in fingertip samples from newly sexually active female university students" 1961: 10253: 8028:"HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer: current knowledge of molecular biology and mechanisms of carcinogenesis" 7602:

Münger K, Howley PM (November 2002). "Human papillomavirus immortalization and transformation functions".

3846: 1953:

Sub-Saharan Africa (24%) and Eastern Europe (21%) and lowest in North America (5%) and Western Asia (2%).

13443: 13334: 13079: 12813: 12623: 12383: 12309: 12303: 11976: 11558: 11512: 6615:"Human papillomavirus DNA detected in peripheral blood samples from healthy Australian male blood donors" 5332:

Anantharaman D, Abedi-Ardekani B, Beachler DC, Gheit T, Olshan AF, Wisniewski K, et al. (May 2017).

1681: 10566: 8957:

Koliopoulos G, Nyaga VN, Santesso N, Bryant A, Martin-Hirsch PP, Mustafa RA, et al. (August 2017).

3894:

Parfenov M, Pedamallu CS, Gehlenborg N, Freeman SS, Danilova L, Bristow CA, et al. (October 2014).

13466: 13133: 12823: 12818: 12761: 8283:

Aguilar LV, Lazcano-Ponce E, Vaccarella S, Cruz A, Hernández P, Smith JS, et al. (February 2006).

7102:"The Intersection of HPV Epidemiology, Genomics and Mechanistic Studies of HPV-Mediated Carcinogenesis" 5626: 4573:

Dugué PA, Rebolj M, Garred P, Lynge E (January 2013). "Immunosuppression and risk of cervical cancer".

1233: 1082:

Non-European (NE) HPV16 variants are significantly more carcinogenic than European (E) HPV16 variants.

982:

in the presence of DNA damage. p53 also upregulates the p21 protein, which blocks the formation of the

8339:"Evaluation of genital sites and sampling techniques for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in men" 7951:

Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Fedewa SA, Manassaram-Baptiste D, Saslow D, et al. (March 2017).

6739:"Cryoelectron Microscopy Maps of Human Papillomavirus 16 Reveal L2 Densities and Heparin Binding Site" 5878:

Miyague AH, Mauad FM, de Paula Martins W, Benedetti AC, Ferreira AE, Mauad-Filho F (5 February 2019).

5604: 5195:"Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers" 3955:"The HPV-16 E6 and E6-AP complex functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53" 13448: 13034: 12440: 12047: 11600: 11247: 10763: 10225: 6189:

Giuliano AR, Nielson CM, Flores R, Dunne EF, Abrahamsen M, Papenfuss MR, et al. (October 2007).

4979:

Chin-Hong PV, Vittinghoff E, Cranston RD, Browne L, Buchbinder S, Colfax G, et al. (June 2005).

4377:"Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review" 3267: 2595: 2240: 1831: 1781: 1697: 1404:

tissues through micro-abrasions, whereby the virion associates with putative receptors such as alpha

1365:, the only tissue in which they replicate. The virus cannot bind to live tissue; instead, it infects 1268:

for HPV, while 10% of virgin women reporting non-penetrative sexual contact were positive (7 of 72).

1158: 317: 10412: 8742:"Antibody detection against HPV16 E7 & GP96 fragments as biomarkers in cervical cancer patients" 6614: 5733:

Klein F, Amin Kotb WF, Petersen I (July 2009). "Incidence of human papilloma virus in lung cancer".

1212: 13526: 13254: 13140: 12726: 12149: 12061: 11966: 11796: 11769: 11741: 11674: 11296: 11009: 10820: 9456: 7727:

Rampias T, Boutati E, Pectasides E, Sasaki C, Kountourakis P, Weinberger P, Psyrri A (March 2010).

6075:

Egendorf, Laura. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (At Issue Series). New York: Greenhaven Press, 2007.

3165:

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell R (2007). "Chapter 19 The Female Genital System and Breast".

2235: 2160: 2140:. In 1983 and 1984 zur Hausen and his collaborators identified HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancer. 1437: 1336: 944: 709: 541: 357: 264: 10031:"American Social Health Association — National HPV and Cervical Cancer Prevention Resource Center" 9565: 9246:"FDA approves Gardasil 9 for prevention of certain cancers caused by five additional types of HPV" 9117: 8851:"FDA approves Gardasil 9 for prevention of certain cancers caused by five additional types of HPV" 8378:

Hernandez BY, McDuffie K, Goodman MT, Wilkens LR, Thompson P, Zhu X, et al. (February 2006).

8127:

Burchell AN, Richardson H, Mahmud SM, Trottier H, Tellier PP, Hanley J, et al. (March 2006).

7639:"Tissue-spanning redox gradient-dependent assembly of native human papillomavirus type 16 virions" 5024: 954:

E6 produces a protein (also called E6) that simultaneously binds to two host cell proteins called

13511: 13501: 13404: 13074: 12736: 11945: 11313: 10942: 10723: 10676: 8589: 8170:"Vaccine policy analyses can benefit from natural history studies of human papillomavirus in men" 6524: 5399:

Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, et al. (November 2011).

4811:"Tissue-based metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers for cervical carcinoma and HPV infection" 4330:"Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus infections in the female genital tract" 2121: 1733:

very little to the diagnosis. Dunne recommends the glans, shaft, their crease, and the foreskin.

1657: 286:. Risk factors for persistent infection by sexually transmitted types include early age of first 105: 11611: 10230: 8650:"Detection of Immunoglobulin G against E7 of Human Papillomavirus in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer" 7045:

Zuna RE, Tuller E, Wentzensen N, Mathews C, Allen RA, Shanesmith R, et al. (October 2011).

5084: 3954: 2859:

Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management

734:, where screening tests and treatment of early cervical cell changes are not readily available. 12828: 12794: 12339: 12317: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12184: 12139: 12077: 11971: 11932: 11735: 11361: 9963:

Dunne EF, Unger ER, Sternberg M, McQuillan G, Swan DC, Patel SS, Markowitz LE (February 2007).

9196:

Deleré Y, Wichmann O, Klug SJ, van der Sande M, Terhardt M, Zepp F, Harder T (September 2014).

9006: 6737:

Guan J, Bywaters SM, Brendle SA, Ashley RE, Makhov AM, Conway JF, et al. (February 2017).

6137:

Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR, Zhu X, Thompson P, McDuffie K, Shvetsov YB, et al. (June 2008).

6088:

Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR, Zhu X, Thompson P, McDuffie K, Shvetsov YB, et al. (June 2008).

3953:

Scheffner, Martin; Huibregtse, Jon M.; Vierstra, Richard D.; Howley, Peter M. (November 1993).

3798:"The cigarette smoke carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene enhances human papillomavirus synthesis" 3618:"Requirement of STAT3 activation for differentiation of mucosal stratified squamous epithelium" 2655: 2172: 1537: 987: 499: 10349: 10095:"Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000" 8740:

Bolhassani A, Zahedifard F, Taslimi Y, Taghikhani M, Nahavandian B, Rafati S (November 2009).

7817: 7513:

Alison A. McBride (18 March 2017). "Mechanisms and strategies of papillomavirus replication".

6337:"Genital oncogenic human papillomavirus infection: a short review on the mode of transmission" 6336: 5928: 4280:

Cohen J (April 2005). "Public health. High hopes and dilemmas for a cervical cancer vaccine".

3714:

Viens LJ, Henley SJ, Watson M, Markowitz LE, Thomas CC, Thompson TD, et al. (July 2016).

2857: 1940:

return for care. As of 2015 it is unclear the best method of follow up following treatment of

13295: 13260: 13183: 12324: 11905: 11775: 11746: 11507: 11386: 11325: 11301: 11216: 7776:

Giuliano AR, Lu B, Nielson CM, Flores R, Papenfuss MR, Lee JH, et al. (September 2008).

6939:"The evolving field of human papillomavirus receptor research: a review of binding and entry" 6526: 5880:"Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and crossinfection: a literature review" 5086: 4782:

Greenblatt RJ (2005). "Human papillomaviruses: Diseases, diagnosis, and a possible vaccine".

2432: 2066:

Human papillomavirus is not included among the diseases that are typically reportable to the

1702: 1566: 1474: 1362: 1287: 1232:

transmission of HPV types 6 and 11 can result in the development of juvenile-onset recurrent

396: 10572:. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2007. p. 36. 7047:"HPV16 variant lineage, clinical stage, and survival in women with invasive cervical cancer" 5334:"Geographic heterogeneity in the prevalence of human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer" 3059:

Baseman JG, Koutsky LA (March 2005). "The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections".

2918:"Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer" 2128:

published the hypothesis that human papilloma virus plays an important role in the cause of

2091:

In Sri Lanka, the prevalence of HPV is 15.5% regardless of their cytological abnormalities.

13496: 13357: 12998: 12988: 12702: 12588: 12420: 12055: 11884: 11500: 11466: 11356: 11240: 11084: 10967: 7328: 7317:"Structural basis for hijacking of cellular LxxLL motifs by papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins" 6999: 6891: 5285:"US assessment of HPV types in cancers: implications for current and 9-valent HPV vaccines" 5283:

Saraiya M, Unger ER, Thompson TD, Lynch CF, Hernandez BY, Lyu CW, et al. (June 2015).

4873: 4629: 4231:

Karagas MR, Waterboer T, Li Z, Nelson HH, Michael KM, Bavinck JN, et al. (July 2010).

4014: 4003:"Structural basis for hijacking of cellular LxxLL motifs by papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins" 3907: 3526: 2536:"A systematic review of the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus types" 2164: 1687:

The diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer occurs by biopsy of exfoliated cells or tissues. The

1503:(expressed early in the HPV life cycle), while the "L" designation indicates that they are 1299: 1123: 228: 204: 131: 31: 7637:

Conway MJ, Alam S, Ryndock EJ, Cruz L, Christensen ND, Roden RB, Meyers C (October 2009).

5451:"Timing, number, and type of sexual partners associated with risk of oropharyngeal cancer" 4946: 4929: 3474:

Greer CE, Wheeler CM, Ladner MB, Beutner K, Coyne MY, Liang H, et al. (August 1995).

2978:

Pahud BA, Ault KA (December 2015). "The Expanded Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine".

654:

are found on the soles of the feet; they grow inward, generally causing pain when walking.

8: 12907: 12858: 12006: 11727: 11308: 11292: 11285: 11191: 10806: 9042: 8622: 8512:

Partridge JM, Hughes JP, Feng Q, Winer RL, Weaver BA, Xi LF, et al. (October 2007).

8000: 6525:

Hans Krueger; Gavin Stuart; Richard Gallagher; Dan Williams, Jon Kerner (12 April 2010).

2623: 1894: 1558: 1448:

The phylogeny of the various strains of HPV generally reflects the migration patterns of

1050: 11232: 10207:

The prevalence of HPV reported in the assessed studies ranged from 14% to more than 90%.

10034: 8698: 7332: 7003: 6895: 6417: 5110:

D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R, Pawlita M, Fakhry C, Koch WM, et al. (May 2007).

4877: 4860:

Freitas LB, Chen Z, Muqui EF, Boldrini NA, Miranda AE, Spano LC, Burk RD (1 July 2014).

4622:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

4522:

Denny LA, Franceschi S, de Sanjosé S, Heard I, Moscicki AB, Palefsky J (November 2012).

4018: 3911: 3845:

Lu B, Hagensee ME, Lee JH, Wu Y, Stockwell HG, Nielson CM, et al. (February 2010).

3348: 3135:"Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Varied signs, varied symptoms: what you need to know" 1680:

Guidelines for oropharyngeal cancer screening by the Preventive Services Task Force and

1507:(late expression). The HPV genome is composed of six early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7) 1369:

tissues through micro-abrasions or other epithelial trauma that exposes segments of the

402:

The table below lists common symptoms of HPV infection and the associated types of HPV.

13150: 13039: 13029: 12893: 12756: 12721: 12691: 12400: 12395: 12109: 11865: 11349: 11337: 11098: 10547: 10498: 10474:"Prevalence of human papilloma virus and their high-risk genotypes in Sri Lankan women" 10473: 10198: 10094: 9936: 9846: 9819: 9790: 9765: 9746: 9434: 9385: 9336: 9311: 9222: 9197: 8983: 8958: 8676: 8649: 8458: 8404: 8379: 8309: 8284: 8054: 8027: 7982: 7928: 7903: 7758: 7688:"Transmission of human papillomavirus type 11 infection by desquamated cornified cells" 7663: 7638: 7490: 7465: 7441: 7416: 7397: 7349: 7316: 7292: 7267: 7243: 7210: 7136: 7101: 7073: 7046: 7022: 6987: 6963: 6938: 6914: 6879: 6878:

Woodham AW, Da Silva DM, Skeate JG, Raff AB, Ambroso MR, Brand HE, et al. (2012).

6860: 6809: 6784: 6714: 6697: 6655: 6590: 6565: 6499: 6474: 6448: 6436: 6398: 6271: 6246: 6215: 6190: 6163: 6138: 6114: 6089: 6058: 6029:"Prevalence and viral load of 51 genital human papillomavirus types and three subtypes" 5904: 5879: 5822: 5795: 5710: 5685: 5666: 5577: 5550: 5531: 5483: 5450: 5425: 5400: 5381: 5368: 5333: 5309: 5284: 5265: 5141: 4981:"Age-related prevalence of anal cancer precursors in homosexual men: the EXPLORE study" 4896: 4861: 4837: 4810: 4759: 4726: 4652: 4617: 4598: 4504: 4455: 4406: 4352: 4329: 4305: 4257: 4232: 4208: 4175: 4156: 4099: 4043: 4002: 3982: 3930: 3896:"Characterization of HPV and host genome interactions in primary head and neck cancers" 3895: 3876: 3822: 3797: 3691: 3642: 3617: 3427: 3316: 2955: 2833: 2776: 2751: 2339: 2281: 1932:, the body's immune system clears HPV naturally within two years for 90% of cases (see 1651: 1508: 1304: 1286:

reported that, in frozen blood samples of 57 sexually naive pediatric patients who had

731: 340: 287: 92: 13438: 10814: 10811: 10652: 10627: 10151: 9076:

Dobson SR, McNeil S, Dionne M, Dawar M, Ogilvie G, Krajden M, et al. (May 2013).

8882: 8790: 8553: 8337:

Weaver BA, Feng Q, Holmes KK, Kiviat N, Lee SK, Meyer C, et al. (February 2004).

7615: 6937:

Raff AB, Woodham AW, Raff LM, Skeate JG, Yan L, Da Silva DM, et al. (June 2013).

5193:

Gillison ML, Koch WM, Capone RB, Spafford M, Westra WH, Wu L, et al. (May 2000).

5060: 4795: 4135: 4118: 3500: 3475: 3325: 3300: 1973:

HPV prevalence among women by age, including 20 low-risk types and 23 high-risk types

1914:

wipes. Such disinfection methods are expected to be relatively effective against HPV.

1578:

difficult for epidemiologists to establish which partner was the source of infection.

680:

Common, flat, and plantar warts are much less likely to spread from person to person.

13382: 13226: 13145: 13123: 12993: 12848: 12751: 12573: 12524: 12505: 12486: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12181: 12086: 11790: 11668: 11488: 11221: 11019: 10831: 10702: 10657: 10573: 10539: 10503: 10190: 10155: 10116: 9986: 9928: 9889: 9851: 9795: 9738: 9671: 9666: 9649: 9426: 9377: 9341: 9227: 9099: 9054: 8988: 8959:"Cytology versus HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in the general population" 8927: 8756: 8722: 8681: 8535: 8494: 8450: 8409: 8360: 8314: 8260: 8191: 8150: 8109: 8059: 7974: 7933: 7858: 7799: 7750: 7709: 7668: 7619: 7582: 7540: 7532: 7495: 7446: 7389: 7354: 7297: 7248: 7230: 7191: 7141: 7123: 7078: 7027: 6986:

Chen Z, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Desalle R, Anastos K, Segondy M, et al. (2011).

6968: 6919: 6852: 6848: 6814: 6760: 6719: 6647: 6595: 6581: 6532: 6504: 6475:"Detection of human papillomavirus DNA on the fingers of patients with genital warts" 6440: 6390: 6351: 6317: 6276: 6220: 6168: 6119: 6050: 6009: 5969: 5934: 5909: 5827: 5750: 5715: 5658: 5582: 5523: 5488: 5470: 5430: 5401:"Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States" 5373: 5314: 5257: 5216: 5173: 5133: 5064: 5002: 4961: 4951: 4901: 4842: 4764: 4746: 4706: 4698: 4657: 4590: 4543: 4496: 4447: 4398: 4357: 4297: 4262: 4213: 4195: 4148: 4140: 4091: 4083: 4048: 4030: 3974: 3970: 3935: 3868: 3827: 3778: 3737: 3683: 3647: 3598: 3505: 3454: 3409: 3374: 3330: 3244: 3213: 3170: 3116: 3076: 3036: 2995: 2947: 2888: 2863: 2825: 2781: 2557: 2462: 2438: 2343: 2331: 2285: 2176: 2133: 2125: 1907: 1785: 1487: 1370: 1345: 1295: 1019: 321: 291: 72: 10697: 10680: 10551: 10202: 9940: 9457:

HSE Quality Improvement Division — Decontamination Safety Programme (January 2017).

9438: 9389: 9312:"Susceptibility of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 to clinical disinfectants" 9277: 8462: 7986: 7762: 7481: 6864: 6659: 6452: 6402: 5535: 5385: 5269: 5145: 4809:

Abudula, Abulizi; Rouzi, Nuermanguli; Xu, Lixiu; Yang, Yun; Hasimu, Axiangu (2019).

4602: 4508: 4309: 4103: 3986: 3880: 3491: 3392:

Lountzis NI, Rahman O (July 2008). "Images in clinical medicine. Digital verrucae".

3270:(December 2022). "Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper (2022 update)". 2837: 2752:"Susceptibility of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 to clinical disinfectants" 1768:

August 2018; testing by blood would be a less invasive test for screening purposes.

207:. These lesions, depending on the site affected, increase the risk of cancer of the 13105: 13094: 12875: 12716: 12548: 12258: 11938: 11870: 11751: 11682: 10871: 10692: 10647: 10639: 10531: 10493: 10485: 10294: 10182: 10147: 10106: 9976: 9920: 9908: 9881: 9841: 9831: 9785: 9781: 9777: 9728: 9661: 9416: 9369: 9331: 9323: 9278:"CDC — Condom Effectiveness — Male Latex Condoms and Sexually Transmitted Diseases" 9217: 9209: 9089: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8712: 8671: 8661: 8525: 8486: 8440: 8399: 8391: 8350: 8304: 8296: 8252: 8181: 8140: 8099: 8049: 8039: 7964: 7923: 7915: 7850: 7789: 7740: 7699: 7658: 7650: 7611: 7574: 7548: 7524: 7485: 7477: 7436: 7428: 7401: 7381: 7344: 7336: 7287: 7279: 7238: 7222: 7181: 7131: 7113: 7068: 7058: 7017: 7007: 6958: 6950: 6909: 6899: 6844: 6804: 6796: 6750: 6709: 6637: 6629: 6613:

Chen AC, Keleher A, Kedda MA, Spurdle AB, McMillan NA, Antonsson A (October 2009).

6585: 6577: 6494: 6486: 6432: 6382: 6307: 6266: 6258: 6245:

Winer RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, Xi LF, Cherne S, O'Reilly S, et al. (July 2010).

6210: 6202: 6158: 6150: 6109: 6101: 6062: 6040: 6027:

Schmitt M, Depuydt C, Benoy I, Bogers J, Antoine J, Arbyn M, Pawlita M (May 2013).

6001: 5899: 5891: 5817: 5807: 5742: 5705: 5697: 5670: 5650: 5572: 5562: 5515: 5478: 5462: 5420: 5412: 5363: 5353: 5345: 5304: 5296: 5247: 5206: 5123: 5056: 4992: 4941: 4891: 4881: 4832: 4822: 4791: 4754: 4738: 4688: 4647: 4639: 4582: 4535: 4486: 4459: 4437: 4410: 4388: 4347: 4337: 4289: 4252: 4244: 4203: 4187: 4160: 4130: 4075: 4038: 4022: 3966: 3925: 3915: 3858: 3817: 3809: 3768: 3727: 3695: 3675: 3637: 3629: 3590: 3495: 3487: 3401: 3320: 3312: 3279: 3236: 3203: 3108: 3068: 3026: 2987: 2959: 2937: 2929: 2815: 2771: 2763: 2547: 2323: 2277: 1911: 1174: 1069: 1062: 1058: 963: 447: 372: 195: 12512: 9924: 9885: 9750: 8883:"Human Papillomavirus Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases" 8395: 8256: 7745: 7728: 7417:"Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation" 6262: 6005: 5746: 4693: 4676: 4539: 4393: 4376: 3863: 3240: 990:(RB), and in turn, halting cell cycle progression by preventing the activation of 294:. These types are typically spread by sustained direct skin-to-skin contact, with 13286: 12961: 12882: 12472: 12377: 12297: 12286: 12157: 12121: 12041: 11827: 11688: 11444: 11105: 10937: 10825: 10356: 9733: 9716: 8764: 8606:

Currently, in Canada there is an HPV DNA test approved for women but not for men.

7012: 6904: 5519: 5180: 5169: 4886: 4293: 3434: 3355: 2388: 2168: 2129: 1893:, which is among the most common strong disinfectants used in hospitals. Diluted 1039: 970:

called Ubiquitin. By binding both proteins, E6 induces E6AP to attach a chain of

951:

by promoting genomic instability associated with alterations in DNA copy number.

658: 384: 232: 208: 111: 10138:

Koutsky L (May 1997). "Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection".

9818:

Chan CK, Aimagambetova G, Ukybassova T, Kongrtay K, Azizan A (10 October 2019).

9041:

Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, Lawson HW, Chesson H, Unger ER (March 2007).

8490: 7854: 7578: 7283: 6800: 5895: 5549:

Lechner M, Frampton GM, Fenton T, Feber A, Palmer G, Jay A, et al. (2013).

4928:

Burd EM, Dean CL (August 2016). Hayden RT, Wolk DM, Carroll KC, Tang YC (eds.).

4342: 3679: 3368: 2884: 2552: 2535: 2315: 251:. Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers listed above are also linked to HPV. 13480: 13244: 13215: 13188: 13165: 12978: 12741: 12654: 11708: 11381: 11115: 10952: 10008: 8429:"Self-collection of genital human papillomavirus specimens in heterosexual men" 3900:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

3594: 2100: 1890: 1823: 1358: 1321: 1317: 1186: 1131: 1093: 948: 737:

In the United States, about 37,300 cases of cancer due to HPV occur each year.

531: 457: 380: 347:, but it was not until 1907 that they were determined to be caused by a virus. 344: 216: 119: 10836: 10796: 10643: 10489: 9535: 9213: 8088:"Prevalence of HPV infection among men: A systematic review of the literature" 8044: 7385: 6755: 6738: 4742: 4191: 4079: 3072: 2991: 2509: 2063:

The prevalence for high-risk and low-risk types is roughly similar over time.

1030: 13490: 13323: 13221: 13044: 12935: 12680: 11703: 11698: 11646: 11454: 11449: 11130: 11110: 11004: 10962: 10957: 10186: 7536: 7234: 7195: 7127: 6564:

Bodaghi S, Wood LV, Roby G, Ryder C, Steinberg SM, Zheng ZM (November 2005).

6294:

Winer RL, Lee SK, Hughes JP, Adam DE, Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA (February 2003).

5474: 5416: 5252: 5235: 4827: 4750: 4702: 4199: 4144: 4087: 4034: 3552: 2163:

is one of the world's largest longitudinal studies of the natural history of

1923: 1725: 1553: 1500: 1432:-mediated endocytosis depending on the type of HPV. At this point, the viral 1381: 1105: 983: 923: 669:(periungual). They are more difficult to treat than warts in other locations. 437: 388: 376: 9715:

Desai M, Woodhall SC, Nardone A, Burns F, Mercey D, Gilson R (August 2015).

9464:(Report). Department of Health United Kingdom. QPSD-GL-028-1. Archived from 8445: 8428: 8300: 7340: 5211: 5194: 5087:"Trends in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Cancers—United States, 1999–2015" 4026: 3920: 3112: 741:

The number of HPV-associated cancers in the period of 2008–2012 in the U.S.

13373: 13205: 13128: 13118: 13065: 13025: 13016: 12864: 12564: 12414: 12092: 11953: 11572: 11538: 11474: 11125: 10999: 10994: 10706: 10543: 10507: 10194: 10120: 9990: 9981: 9964: 9932: 9893: 9855: 9836: 9799: 9764:

van der Heijden E, Lopes AD, Bryant A, Bekkers R, Galaal K (January 2015).

9742: 9675: 9430: 9381: 9345: 9231: 9103: 9094: 9077: 9058: 8992: 8931: 8912: 8760: 8726: 8685: 8539: 8498: 8454: 8413: 8364: 8318: 8264: 8195: 8154: 8113: 8063: 7978: 7937: 7862: 7803: 7754: 7713: 7704: 7687: 7672: 7623: 7544: 7499: 7450: 7393: 7358: 7301: 7252: 7145: 7082: 7063: 7031: 6972: 6923: 6856: 6818: 6764: 6723: 6651: 6599: 6508: 6321: 6280: 6224: 6172: 6154: 6123: 6105: 6054: 6013: 5913: 5831: 5754: 5719: 5586: 5527: 5492: 5434: 5377: 5318: 5261: 5220: 5137: 5068: 5006: 4965: 4905: 4846: 4768: 4710: 4661: 4643: 4594: 4547: 4500: 4451: 4402: 4361: 4301: 4266: 4217: 4152: 4095: 4052: 3939: 3872: 3831: 3782: 3741: 3732: 3715: 3687: 3651: 3602: 3413: 3378: 3334: 3248: 3120: 3080: 3040: 2999: 2951: 2892: 2829: 2785: 2561: 2335: 2289: 1562: 1504: 1417: 1389: 1340: 1182: 689: 651: 427: 260: 220: 212: 123: 115: 12653: 10661: 10159: 8717: 8700: 8666: 8086:

Dunne EF, Nielson CM, Stone KM, Markowitz LE, Giuliano AR (October 2006).

7552: 7528: 7226: 6698:"Human Papillomavirus: Confronting the Epidemic-A Urologist's Perspective" 6444: 6394: 6355: 5812: 5662: 5300: 4997: 4980: 4524:"Human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus and immunosuppression" 3978: 3633: 3509: 3405: 3299:

Antonsson A, Forslund O, Ekberg H, Sterner G, Hansson BG (December 2000).

3217: 3031: 3014: 3012: 1380:

HPV lesions are thought to arise from the proliferation of infected basal

1177:. The virus, unchecked by the immune system, causes the overproduction of 356:

some infected individuals. HPV types 6 and 11 can cause genital warts and

13362: 12604: 12553: 12541: 12536: 12529: 12517: 12491: 12461: 12363: 12202: 12114: 12097: 12032: 11693: 11577: 11483: 11459: 11062: 10947: 10472:

Shanaka KA, Wilathgamuwa S, Gunawardene YI, Dassanayake RS (March 2018).

10471: 10446:. HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre. October 2018. Archived from 10360: 9327: 8145: 8128: 7654: 6954: 6490: 6312: 6295: 5701: 5619:"Lung Cancer Patients More Likely to Have High-Risk Human Papillomavirus" 5128: 5111: 3813: 2933: 2767: 2137: 2113: 1805: 1793: 1789: 1777: 1190: 936: 645: 553: 395:. These cancers all involve sexually transmitted infection of HPV to the 392: 329: 325: 313: 295: 224: 162: 149: 127: 9689: 6425:

The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

6418:"Is genital human papillomavirus infection always sexually transmitted?" 5358: 3773: 3756: 3284: 2534:

Bzhalava D, Guan P, Franceschi S, Dillner J, Clifford G (October 2013).

13392: 13348: 13005: 12924: 12803: 12454: 12238: 11995: 11596: 11553: 11524: 11519: 11406: 11398: 11142: 10883: 9867: 9865: 7969: 7952: 7919: 6642: 6386: 5683: 5654: 5466: 5331: 5021:"AIDSmeds Web Exclusives: Pap Smears for Anal Cancer? — by David Evans" 4586: 2942: 2057: 1548:. It has also been shown that HPV 16 and 18 cannot immortalize primary 1413: 1401: 1366: 975: 662: 582: 511: 368: 364: 279: 81: 10779: 10535: 9421: 9404: 7186: 7169: 7118: 6633: 6045: 6028: 5349: 4491: 4474: 4442: 4425: 4248: 1491: 1388:; rather, viral particles are released as a result of degeneration of 1349: 939:. Some of the early genes expressed by HPV, such as E6 and E7, act as 13313: 13276: 13160: 12746: 12670: 12499: 12480: 12447: 12435: 12429: 12408: 12354: 12282: 12168: 12130: 11899: 11878: 11784: 11662: 11654: 11642: 11591: 11320: 11280: 11165: 11152: 11024: 10866: 10842: 8739: 7268:"Identification of recombinant human papillomavirus type 16 variants" 7167: 5877: 5112:"Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer" 2820: 2803: 2463:"Fact Sheet for Public Health Personnel | Condom Effectiveness | CDC" 1899: 1810:

Three vaccines are available to prevent infection by some HPV types:

1473:

Structure of the HPV type 16 oncoprotein E6 (purple), as obtained by

1385: 1229: 1015: 1006:

Studies have also shown a link between a wide range of HPV types and

979: 971: 672: 630: 618: 190: 10320: 10111: 9862: 9717:"Active recall to increase HIV and STI testing: a systematic review" 9405:"Possible non-sexual modes of transmission of human papilloma virus" 9373: 8285:"Human papillomavirus in men: comparison of different genital sites" 4551: 3716:"Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers – United States, 2008–2012" 3230: 2327: 978:

degradation. Normally, p53 acts to prevent cell growth and promotes

12983: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12808: 12597: 12244: 11986: 11842: 11429: 11373: 11344: 11272: 11092: 11072: 11067: 11041: 10289: 9874:

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology

9817: 8530: 8513: 8355: 8338: 8186: 8169: 8104: 8087: 7880: 7794: 7777: 6834: 6375:

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases

6206: 4634: 3208: 3191: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1669: 1532: 1429: 1421: 1405: 940: 576: 558: 299: 283: 85: 10847: 8282: 7571:

Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer

5567: 4978: 4940:(4) (Second ed.). American Society of Microbiology: 177–195. 4176:"Cellular binding partners of the human papillomavirus E6 protein" 3893: 13329: 13300: 13069: 13049: 12870: 12783: 12773: 12350: 11641: 11411: 11054: 9906: 9763: 9310:

Meyers J, Ryndock E, Conway MJ, Meyers C, Robison R (June 2014).

8648:

Storey R, Joh J, Kwon A, Jenson AB, Ghim SJ, Kloecker GH (2013).

7432: 5398: 3952: 3013:

Nowińska K, Ciesielska U, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P (2017).

2750:

Meyers J, Ryndock E, Conway MJ, Meyers C, Robison R (June 2014).

2322:(Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 1478: 1409: 1178: 1127: 1014:

studies suggest that the E6 protein of the HPV virus may inhibit

666: 9965:"Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States" 9915:. Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections and Related Diseases. 9036: 9034: 8126: 5968:(20th ed.). Washington D.C.: Apha Press. pp. 299–300. 5109: 4618:"Origin and evolution of papillomavirus (onco)genes and genomes" 4375:

Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S (February 2005).

12973: 12731: 12711: 11959: 11495: 10791: 10750: 10739: 9647: 9195: 8427:

Ogilvie GS, Taylor DL, Achen M, Cook D, Krajden M (June 2009).

8377: 5639: 3367:

Al Aboud, Ahmad M.; Nigam, Pramod K. (11 August 2020). "Wart".

2148: 1902:. For such equipment, some health authorities encourage use of 1877: 1433: 1397: 1374: 935:

HPV is believed to cause cancer by integrating its genome into

872: 713: 469: 307: 166: 9648:

Gilbert LK, Alexander L, Grosshans JF, Jolley L (March 2003).

8956: 7726: 6139:"Transmission of human papillomavirus in heterosexual couples" 6090:"Transmission of human papillomavirus in heterosexual couples" 5505: 4521: 4374: 3664: 3298: 12658: 12610: 12369: 12001: 11421: 9352: 9031: 5991: 5045: 4174:

Tungteakkhun, Sandy S.; Duerksen-Hughes, Penelope J. (2008).

2801: 2533: 1633: 1482: 1054: 959: 98: 13475: 9962: 9909:"Global burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases" 8241: 7900: 4426:"Are 20 human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer?" 4423: 2112:

In 1972, the association of the human papillomaviruses with

1049:

The carcinogenic HPV types in cervical cancer belong to the

601: 13114: 12966: 10984: 9040: 9007:"CDC recommends only two HPV shots for younger adolescents" 8590:"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Men: Questions and Answers" 8475: 7881:"HPV | Human Papillomavirus | Pap Smear | MedlinePlus" 7314: 7208: 7044: 6985: 6136: 6087: 5796:"Epidermodysplasia verruciformis and susceptibility to HPV" 4472: 4173: 3999: 2915: 2802:

Sawaya GF, Kulasingam S, Denberg TD, Qaseem A (June 2015).

2355: 2268:

Ljubojevic S, Skerlev M (2014). "HPV-associated diseases".

2144: 1724:

The aforementioned Qiagen/Digene kit was successfully used

1512: 641: 622: 613:

A sample DNA test report for HPV genotype from a laboratory

417: 324:("pap smear"), or examination of the cervix after applying 200: 10766:

Fact Sheet, US National Institutes of Health, 25 May 2021.

10005:"American Social Health Association — HPV Resource Center" 9402: 8791:"Blood Test May Detect Sexually Transmitted Throat Cancer" 8085: 6188: 5686:"HPV in exhaled breath condensate of lung cancer patients" 5601:"Lung Cancer Risk Rises in the Presence of HPV Antibodies" 5548: 5192: 3713: 3453:. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.12. 3190:

Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ralston ML, Jay N (February 1998).

1469: 1211:

the most common methods. Occasionally, it can spread from

11836: 11434: 11262: 10744: 9714: 9309: 7098: 6877: 6785:"Current understanding of the mechanism of HPV infection" 6736: 6083: 6081: 6026: 5282: 4936:. Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. 4723: 4616:

Willemsen, Anouk; Bravo, Ignacio G. (27 September 2018).

4065: 3473: 3266: 3097: 2749: 1860: 1741:

virions or simply loosened them for the swab to collect.

1549: 1541: 1528: 1524: 1377:

still reside on the basement membrane and cell surfaces.

991: 955: 10674: 10093:

Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W (January–February 2004).

9871: 9498:

Provincial Infection Control Network of British Columbia

8511: 7950: 7265: 5447: 5172:

in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds)

4859: 4230: 4117:

Hanahan, Douglas; Weinberg, Robert A. (7 January 2000).

3549:"Photos of larynx Papillomas — Voice Medicine, New York" 3224: 3164: 2694:"5 Things You Might Not Know About Human Papillomavirus" 9403:

Sabeena S, Bhat P, Kamath V, Arunkumar G (March 2017).

9075: 7775: 6612: 6566:"Could human papillomaviruses be spread through blood?" 5982: 5793: 3189: 1332: 59: 9519:

College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia

8426: 8336: 8001:"National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet: HPV and Cancer" 7839:"Human papillomavirus: epidemiology and public health" 6078: 5732: 4677:"The Biology and Life-Cycle of Human Papillomaviruses" 4674: 4572: 2236:"Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer - WHO" 1001: 479:

Other high-risk:33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68

302:

being the most common methods. HPV infection can also

13464: 8371: 7636: 7573:(1st ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 87–116. 6936: 6520: 6518: 5987: 5985: 4424:

Arbyn, Tommasino, Depuydt, Dillner (15 August 2014).

3796:

Alam S, Conway MJ, Chen HS, Meyers C (January 2008).

3349:

http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/common-warts/DS00370/

1034:

Artist's impression of cervical cancer caused by HPV.

10769: 10092: 6674:"Eligibility Criteria by Topic - American Red Cross" 6563: 3795: 3428:

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/warts.html#cat42

1663:

atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance

966:, an enzyme whose purpose is to tag proteins with a 9594: 9150:"HPV Virus: Information About Human Papillomavirus" 8913:"Human papillomavirus vaccines. WHO position paper" 8647: 8025: 7823: 6184: 6182: 5105: 5103: 986:complex, thereby preventing the phosphorylation of 10565: 9708: 9409:The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 8120: 7568: 6515: 6293: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6234: 4808: 3757:"The promise of global cervical-cancer prevention" 2624:"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Questions and Answers" 10221:"Cancer-virus strains rarer than first estimated" 10172: 9512:"Reprocessing Requirements for Ultrasound Probes" 8821:"HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) Diagnosis and Tests" 7512: 7463: 6830: 6828: 6472: 6372: 6244: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2267: 1705:(ISH) which allows for visualization of the HPV. 1552:cells alone; there needs to be activation of the 13488: 10675:Franco, E.; Villa, L.; Rohan, T.; Ferenczy, A.; 9650:"Answering frequently asked questions about HPV" 9597:"What Are the Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer?" 9530: 9528: 9396: 9358: 6782: 6251:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 6179: 5100: 4381:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 4334:Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 3851:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2882: 2314:Anjum, Fatima; Zohaib, Jamal (4 December 2020). 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 1540:(pRb) binding, freeing the transcription factor 10603:(radio program). Sound print. 6 December 2008. 10254:"Study finds more women than expected have HPV" 10088: 10086: 7843:Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 7836: 6231: 5794:Patel T, Morrison LK, Rady P, Tyring S (2010). 5174:Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach 4116: 3844: 3754: 3373:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2855: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 10099:Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 9958: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9950: 9692:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 8505: 7464:Tang S, Tao M, McCoy JP, Zheng ZM (May 2006). 7371: 6825: 6666: 5873: 5871: 4615: 3615: 3391: 3058: 3019:Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2529: 2527: 2296: 665:(subungual), around the fingernail, or on the 176:Most people are infected at some point in time 13429:Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood 12639: 11627: 11248: 10899: 10379:"Health Information Quality Authority (HIQA)" 9558: 9525: 8019: 7830: 7769: 6837:International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 6778: 6776: 6774: 6606: 6473:Sonnex C, Strauss S, Gray JJ (October 1999). 6287: 6130: 5926: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3366: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 304:spread from a mother to baby during pregnancy 10520: 10083: 9641: 7601: 7308: 6415: 6344:Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 6069: 5499: 5392: 5023:. AIDSmeds.com. 10 June 2008. Archived from 4566: 4515: 4466: 4323: 4321: 4319: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2885:"Wart (Plantar, Verruca Vulgaris, Verrucae)" 2851: 2849: 2847: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2591:"HPV and Cancer - National Cancer Institute" 2494: 2492: 2490: 2189: 2132:. In 1978, Jabłońska and Gerard Orth at the 1104:HPV is associated with approximately 50% of 9947: 9770:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9588: 8963:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8952: 8950: 8948: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8237: 8235: 6783:Schiller JT, Day PM, Kines RC (June 2010). 6328: 5868: 4224: 3720:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2980:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2524: 2313: 1788:(pap) or looking at the cervix after using 1185:, resulting in lesions resembling warts or 1044:International Agency for Research on Cancer 974:molecules to p53, thereby flagging p53 for 703: 13232:Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome 12646: 12632: 11891:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 11634: 11620: 11255: 11241: 10906: 10892: 10755:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 10625: 10218: 9570:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9540:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9282:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9238: 9123:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9012:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 8788: 8564:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 8559:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 8332: 8330: 8328: 7685: 7414: 6771: 6730: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6468: 6466: 4781: 3702: 3580: 3567: 3445: 3443: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3054: 3052: 3050: 2797: 2795: 2699:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2664:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2629:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2505:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2468:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2394:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2362: 1930:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1874:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1590:Clearance rates of high risk types of HPV 1217:from a mother to her baby during pregnancy 1053:genus and can be grouped further into HPV 58: 30:"HPV" redirects here. For other uses, see 11762:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 11197:Loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) 10696: 10651: 10497: 10110: 9980: 9845: 9835: 9789: 9732: 9665: 9566:"HPV Vaccine Information For Young Women" 9420: 9335: 9316:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 9221: 9118:"HPV Vaccine Information For Young Women" 9093: 8982: 8716: 8675: 8665: 8529: 8469: 8444: 8403: 8354: 8308: 8185: 8144: 8103: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8053: 8043: 7968: 7927: 7793: 7744: 7703: 7662: 7489: 7440: 7348: 7291: 7242: 7185: 7135: 7117: 7072: 7062: 7021: 7011: 6962: 6913: 6903: 6808: 6754: 6713: 6641: 6589: 6498: 6416:Tay SK, Ho TH, Lim-Tan SK (August 1990). 6311: 6270: 6214: 6162: 6113: 6044: 5903: 5821: 5811: 5709: 5576: 5566: 5482: 5424: 5367: 5357: 5308: 5251: 5210: 5127: 4996: 4945: 4895: 4885: 4836: 4826: 4815:Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 4758: 4692: 4651: 4633: 4490: 4441: 4392: 4351: 4341: 4316: 4256: 4207: 4134: 4042: 3929: 3919: 3862: 3821: 3772: 3731: 3641: 3583:Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 3499: 3437:(general reference with links). Also, see 3324: 3283: 3207: 3030: 2977: 2966: 2941: 2844: 2819: 2775: 2611: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2551: 2487: 2434:Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 1637:Notable HPV types and associated diseases 290:, multiple sexual partners, smoking, and 11171:Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) 11161:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 10913: 9876:. Human Papilloma Virus in Gynaecology. 8945: 8546: 8420: 8271: 8232: 7564: 7562: 7365: 7215:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 5770:"Tree man 'who grew roots' may be cured" 5289:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 5233: 5199:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 5157: 5155: 4985:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 4927: 3755:Schiffman M, Castle PE (November 2005). 2862:(2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 207. 2437:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 40. 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2056:One study found that, during 2003–2004, 1632: 1468: 1331: 1111: 1029: 947:. HPV genome integration can also cause 922: 608: 600: 12903:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus 10285:"Study Finds 1 in 4 US Teens Has a STD" 10175:International Journal of STD & AIDS 10137: 9069: 8325: 8026:Pan C, Issaeva N, Yarbrough WG (2018). 7163: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7094: 7092: 6684: 6531:. Oxford University Press. p. 34. 6463: 5966:Control of Communicable Diseases Manual 5963: 5161:Ridge JA, Glisson BS, Lango MN, et al. 3521: 3519: 3440: 3255: 3153: 3047: 2792: 2451:from the original on 11 September 2017. 2316:"Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" 1565:nuclear accumulation and activation of 14: 13489: 11176:Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) 10431: 10429: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10321:"MMWR: Summary of Notifiable Diseases" 10282: 10219:McCullough, Marie (28 February 2007). 9813: 9811: 9809: 9546:from the original on 11 September 2012 9452: 9450: 9448: 9305: 9303: 9189: 9172:"Gardasil patient information leaflet" 8941:from the original on 24 December 2010. 8749:The Indian Journal of Medical Research 8596:from the original on 14 September 2008 8070: 7837:Schiffman M, Castle PE (August 2003). 7408: 6695: 5927:Hoyle, Alice; McGeeney, Ester (2019). 4068:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 3537:from the original on 29 November 2016. 3169:(8 ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. 2568: 2430: 2413: 12627: 11615: 11236: 10887: 10760:"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines" 10685:Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 10619: 10325:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 10251: 9696:from the original on 16 November 2015 7559: 7457: 7415:Zheng ZM, Baker CC (September 2006). 6557: 5959: 5957: 5930:Great Relationships and Sex Education 5789: 5787: 5767: 5152: 5094:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 5080: 5078: 4947:10.1128/microbiolspec.dmih2-0001-2015 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4279: 2911: 2909: 2252: 1689:National Comprehensive Cancer Network 1416:leading to entry of the virions into 1239: 1126:. This association is independent of 918: 589: 67:The major capsid protein L1 of HPV 11 13434:Post-vaccination follicular eruption 10745:Information Centre on HPV and Cancer 10626:Picken RN, Yang HL (December 1987). 10437:"Ano-genital warts in Ireland, 2017" 10264:from the original on 9 November 2007 10063:, Planned Parenthood, archived from 9576:from the original on 26 October 2009 9288:from the original on 17 October 2009 9258:from the original on 10 January 2015 8893:from the original on 3 February 2014 8570:from the original on 17 October 2009 8161: 8007:from the original on 31 October 2013 7152: 7089: 6680:from the original on 1 January 2017. 4327: 3668:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 3516: 3137:. www.advanceweb.com. Archived from 2171:risk. It was established in 1993 by 2147:cell line contains extra DNA in its 1189:which can ultimately transform into 337:sexually transmitted infection (STI) 11912:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 10426: 10366: 10331:from the original on 17 August 2014 9806: 9629:from the original on 18 August 2010 9445: 9300: 9254:(press release). 10 December 2014. 8920:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire 8827:. 18 September 2018. Archived from 8167: 7957:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 7908:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 6334: 5116:The New England Journal of Medicine 4575:Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 4417: 3761:The New England Journal of Medicine 3551:. Voicemedicine.com. Archived from 3394:The New England Journal of Medicine 2922:The New England Journal of Medicine 2856:Tyring S, Moore AY, Lupi O (2016). 2636:from the original on 11 August 2016 2508:. 30 September 2015. Archived from 2248:from the original on 22 April 2023. 1645: 1595:Months after initial positive test 1008:squamous cell carcinoma of the skin 1002:Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin 755:HPV 16/18 attributable (estimated) 24: 13517:Papillomavirus-associated diseases 13103: 10607:from the original on 28 March 2009 10252:Brown, David (28 February 2007) . 9536:"Genital HPV Infection Fact Sheet" 9202:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 9160:from the original on 8 March 2008. 9130:from the original on 25 March 2017 9019:from the original on 23 March 2017 8859:. 10 December 2014. Archived from 8518:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 8343:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 8174:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 8092:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 7782:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 6459:from the original on 6 April 2016. 6437:10.1111/j.1479-828X.1990.tb03223.x 6362:from the original on 27 July 2012. 6195:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 5954: 5856:from the original on 18 April 2017 5784: 5075: 4912: 3616:Wu R, Sun S, Steinberg BM (2003). 3317:10.1128/JVI.74.24.11636-11641.2000 3196:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2906: 2674:from the original on 21 March 2017 2656:"Pink Book (Human Papillomavirus)" 2401:from the original on 7 August 2016 2282:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.007 2151:that originated from HPV type 18. 2046:American Social Health Association 1942:cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1729:in females - and custom analysis. 1169:In very rare cases, HPV may cause 1025: 725: 482:Probably high-risk: 26, 53, 73, 82 270:An HPV infection is caused by the 249:HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers 25: 13538: 12231:Severe acute respiratory syndrome 11757:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma 11559:Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 10972:HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer 10729: 10283:Tanner, Lindsey (11 March 2008). 10127:from the original on 4 July 2008. 9065:from the original on 20 May 2017. 9047:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports 8801:from the original on 7 April 2014 8619:"What Men Need to Know About HPV" 7686:Bryan JT, Brown DR (March 2001). 4796:10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2005.09.001 2500:"The Link Between HPV and Cancer" 2094: 1572: 1464: 1271: 1118:HPV-mediated oropharyngeal cancer 247:is responsible for almost 90% of 235:is due to HPV, and two strains – 13474: 13449:Viral-associated trichodysplasia 12834:Modified varicella-like syndrome 12657:, symptoms and signs related to 12217:Middle East respiratory syndrome 10668: 10593: 10558: 10514: 10465: 10405: 10388: 10343: 10313: 10276: 10245: 10212: 10166: 10140:The American Journal of Medicine 10131: 10049: 10023: 9997: 9900: 9757: 9682: 9667:10.1097/00007435-200303000-00002 9615: 9504: 9483: 9270: 9164: 9142: 9110: 8999: 8905: 8875: 8843: 8813: 8782: 8733: 8692: 8641: 8611: 8582: 8384:Journal of Clinical Microbiology 8202: 8133:American Journal of Epidemiology 7993: 7944: 7894: 7873: 7810: 7720: 7679: 7630: 7595: 7506: 7259: 7202: 7038: 6979: 6930: 6871: 6849:10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00246.x 6582:10.1128/JCM.43.11.5428-5434.2005 6570:Journal of Clinical Microbiology 6545:from the original on 9 June 2013 6409: 6300:American Journal of Epidemiology 5049:The American Journal of Medicine 4784:Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 3480:Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2475:from the original on 27 May 2017 1967: 1934:Clearance subsection in Virology 1754: 1716:Clearance subsection in Virology 1693:College of American Pathologists 1675: 1357:HPV infection is limited to the 1099: 1077:Clearance subsection in Virology 732:low- and middle-income countries 683: 341:low- and middle-income countries 243:– account for 70% of all cases. 13156:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 11601:Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) 11264:Sexually transmitted infections 11015:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 10698:10.1590/s1020-49891999000900001 9721:Sexually Transmitted Infections 8705:The Journal of General Virology 8433:Sexually Transmitted Infections 8289:Sexually Transmitted Infections 7482:10.1128/JVI.80.9.4249-4263.2006 6479:Sexually Transmitted Infections 6366: 6033:International Journal of Cancer 6020: 5920: 5838: 5761: 5726: 5677: 5633: 5611: 5593: 5542: 5441: 5338:International Journal of Cancer 5325: 5276: 5227: 5186: 5039: 5013: 4972: 4853: 4802: 4775: 4717: 4668: 4609: 4479:International Journal of Cancer 4368: 4273: 4167: 4110: 4059: 3993: 3946: 3887: 3838: 3789: 3748: 3658: 3609: 3541: 3492:10.1128/jcm.33.8.2058-2063.1995 3467: 3420: 3385: 3360: 3347:Mayo Clinic.com, Common warts, 3341: 3292: 3183: 3127: 3091: 3006: 2883:M Al Aboud A, Nigam PK (2022). 2876: 2743: 2714: 2686: 2648: 2118:epidermodysplasia verruciformis 1947: 1884: 1531:(inactivated by E7). The viral 1201: 1171:epidermodysplasia verruciformis 968:post-translational modification 749:Average annual number of cases 490:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 13171:Verrucae palmares et plantares 11816:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 11802:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma 10736:Human papillomavirus infection 10413:"STI Statistics – HIV Ireland" 9782:10.1002/14651858.cd010757.pub2 8975:10.1002/14651858.CD008587.pub2 8554:"HPV and Men — CDC Fact Sheet" 8032:Cancers of the Head & Neck 2455: 1933: 1715: 1708: 1164: 1147: 1085: 1076: 943:that promote tumor growth and 183:Human papillomavirus infection 45:Human papillomavirus infection 13: 1: 13388:Hand, foot, and mouth disease 12883:Cytomegalic inclusion disease 10444:Annual Epidemiological Report 10152:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00177-0 9925:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.055 9886:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.006 9654:Sexually Transmitted Diseases 8789:Fitzgerald K (18 June 2013). 8396:10.1128/JCM.44.2.513-517.2006 8257:10.1016/j.urology.2004.09.031 7746:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-09-0345 7616:10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00190-9 6263:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0226 6006:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.031 5747:10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.10.003 5234:Gillison ML (December 2006). 5061:10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00349-1 4694:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.083 4540:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.045 4394:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0551 4136:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9 3864:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0790 3272:Weekly Epidemiological Record 3241:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.115 2722:"Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)" 2182: 1917: 1771: 1339:structure of the HPV type 16 1248:54, 61, 70, 72, 81, and 89). 752:HPV attributable (estimated) 712:, in which warts form on the 580:; and the nonavalent vaccine 276:spread through sexual contact 13522:Vaccine-preventable diseases 13400:Foot-and-mouth disease virus 12021:Tropical spastic paraparesis 11926:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis 11333:Mycoplasma hominis infection 11020:Focal epithelial hyperplasia 10396:"HSE vaccination guidelines" 9734:10.1136/sextrans-2014-051930 9251:Food and Drug Administration 8856:Food and Drug Administration 7051:Infectious Agents and Cancer 7013:10.1371/journal.pone.0020183 6905:10.1371/journal.pone.0043519 6143:Emerging Infectious Diseases 6094:Emerging Infectious Diseases 5768:Moore M (12 November 2007). 5520:10.1097/MLG.0b013e31813e5fbb 5405:Journal of Clinical Oncology 5240:Journal of Clinical Oncology 5096:. Vol. 67, no. 33. 4887:10.1371/journal.pone.0100746 4294:10.1126/science.308.5722.618 3971:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90384-3 3061:Journal of Clinical Virology 2099:In the Autonomous Region of 2086: 1962:human immunodeficiency virus 1628: 1581: 1443: 1222: 570:; the quadrivalent vaccines 500:Focal epithelial hyperplasia 476:Highest risk: 16, 18, 31, 45 397:stratified epithelial tissue 350: 7: 13507:Infectious causes of cancer 13444:Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis 13335:Congenital rubella syndrome 13080:Molluscum contagiosum virus 12384:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis 12304:Human parainfluenza viruses 11977:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 10717: 10679:; Matlashewski, G. (1999). 8491:10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.01.023 7855:10.5858/2003-127-930-HPEAPH 7579:10.1007/978-1-4419-1472-9_5 7284:10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.040 6801:10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.04.004 6622:Journal of Medical Virology 5896:10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0002 3680:10.1053/hn.1999.v120.a91773 3235:. 24 Suppl 3 (3): S3/1–10. 2808:Annals of Internal Medicine 2553:10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.015 2154: 1799: 1682:American Dental Association 1481:motif of the human protein 1477:, shown bound to the LxxLL 1327: 1173:(EV) in individuals with a 958:and E6-Associated Protein ( 911: 908: 905: 897: 894: 891: 883: 880: 877: 866: 863: 860: 852: 849: 846: 838: 835: 832: 824: 821: 818: 810: 807: 804: 796: 793: 790: 782: 779: 776: 768: 765: 762: 10: 13543: 12824:Disseminated herpes zoster 12762:Herpetic gingivostomatitis 8926:(15): 118–31. April 2009. 7841:[1 January 2017]. 3595:10.1053/j.spid.2005.06.010 2107: 2073: 1921: 1867: 1803: 1672:among women over age 30." 1649: 1310: 1234:respiratory papillomatosis 1115: 29: 13421: 13371: 13346: 13311: 13284: 13275: 13242: 13203: 13179: 13092: 13058: 13035:Bovine papular stomatitis 13014: 12933: 12922: 12891: 12846: 12792: 12770: 12700: 12689: 12678: 12669: 12665: 12587: 12563: 12471: 12394: 12349: 12338: 12167: 12129: 12108: 12076: 12048:Cytomegalovirus retinitis 12031: 11985: 11864: 11853: 11826: 11653: 11535: 11420: 11397: 11372: 11271: 11209: 11184: 11150: 11141: 11122:Experimental techniques: 11083: 11053: 11035: 10983: 10930: 10919: 10857: 10773: 10764:National Cancer Institute 10490:10.1007/s13337-018-0419-7 10226:The Philadelphia Inquirer 9595:American Cancer Society. 9214:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0584 8045:10.1186/s41199-018-0039-3 7733:Molecular Cancer Research 7386:10.1007/s12038-009-0013-7 6756:10.1016/j.str.2016.12.001 5850:National Cancer Institute 5690:British Journal of Cancer 4743:10.1038/s41588-020-0673-7 4192:10.1007/s00705-007-0022-5 4119:"The Hallmarks of Cancer" 4080:10.1038/s41580-019-0110-x 3268:World Health Organization 3073:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.008 2992:10.1016/j.idc.2015.07.007 2596:National Cancer Institute 2346:. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268 2241:World Health Organization 1832:World Health Organization 1782:Cervical cancer screening 1609:% of men tested negative 1420:epithelial cells through 1159:exhaled breath condensate 720: 452:6, 11, 42, 44 and others 318:Cervical cancer screening 229:mouth, tonsils, or throat 172: 158: 148: 137: 132:mouth, tonsils, or throat 104: 91: 71: 66: 57: 49: 44: 13454:Gianotti–Crosti syndrome 13255:Merkel cell polyomavirus 13141:Laryngeal papillomatosis 12727:Herpes simplex keratitis 12150:Infectious mononucleosis 11967:Chandipura vesiculovirus 11797:Hepatocellular carcinoma 11742:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 11675:Hepatocellular carcinoma 11297:lymphogranuloma venereum 11010:Laryngeal papillomatosis 10187:10.1258/0956462054679214 9284:(CDC). 22 October 2009. 5776:. London. Archived from 5417:10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596 5253:10.1200/JCO.2006.07.1829 4828:10.17305/bjbms.2019.4359 4430:The Journal of Pathology 3451:World Cancer Report 2014 2161:Ludwig-McGill HPV Cohort 1569:in HPV-induced cancers. 1527:(inactivated by E6) and 1337:Cryo-electron microscopy 1280: 1254: 1196: 945:malignant transformation 710:laryngeal papillomatosis 704:Laryngeal papillomatosis 637:Types of warts include: 596: 542:Laryngeal papillomatosis 358:laryngeal papillomatosis 265:laryngeal papillomatosis 144:spread by direct contact 13405:Boston exanthem disease 13075:Yaba monkey tumor virus 12757:Herpetiform esophagitis 12737:Neonatal herpes simplex 11946:Encephalitis lethargica 11647:viral systemic diseases 11314:Klebsiella granulomatis 10724:Human betaherpesvirus 5 10644:10.1093/nar/15.23.10068 10258:San Francisco Chronicle 8446:10.1136/sti.2008.033068 8301:10.1136/sti.2005.015131 8168:Kim JJ (October 2007). 7421:Frontiers in Bioscience 7341:10.1126/science.1229934 4343:10.1155/IDOG/2006/40470 4027:10.1126/science.1229934 3921:10.1073/pnas.1416074111 3354:17 October 2011 at the 3167:Robbins Basic Pathology 3113:10.1053/hupa.2001.20901 1658:American Cancer Society 1438:transcriptional cascade 1343:protein. Rendered from 12829:Zoster-associated pain 12318:Human orthopneumovirus 11972:Herpesviral meningitis 11933:Arbovirus encephalitis 11362:Ureaplasma urealyticum 10632:Nucleic Acids Research 10568:Human papillomaviruses 9982:10.1001/jama.297.8.813 9542:(CDC). 10 April 2008. 9095:10.1001/jama.2013.1625 8621:. 2006. Archived from 7705:10.1006/viro.2000.0777 7374:Journal of Biosciences 7064:10.1186/1750-9378-6-19 6155:10.3201/eid1406.070616 6106:10.3201/eid1406.070616 5933:. Taylor and Francis. 5179:4 October 2013 at the 5163:"Head and Neck Tumors" 4930:"Human Papillomavirus" 4644:10.1098/rstb.2018.0303 3733:10.15585/mmwr.mm6526a1 3527:"Human Papillomavirus" 2756:J Antimicrob Chemother 2270:Clinics in Dermatology 2173:Ludwig Cancer Research 2053:that were tested for. 1859:In December 2014, the 1638: 1538:retinoblastoma protein 1496: 1485:(cyan). Rendered from 1354: 1175:weakened immune system 1035: 988:retinoblastoma protein 928: 614: 606: 13261:Merkel cell carcinoma 13184:Bovine papillomavirus 11776:Merkel-cell carcinoma 11508:Molluscum contagiosum 11387:Trichomonas vaginalis 11326:Neisseria gonorrhoeae 11302:Chlamydia trachomatis 11217:Georgios Papanikolaou 10601:"HPV — the Shy Virus" 10355:12 April 2016 at the 9572:(CDC). 26 June 2008. 8718:10.1099/vir.0.80077-0 8566:(CDC). 3 April 2008. 7529:10.1515/HSZ-2017-0113 6000:(Suppl 3): S3/52–61. 5884:Radiologia Brasileira 5212:10.1093/jnci/92.9.709 4934:Microbiology Spectrum 4336:. 2006 Suppl: 40470. 3634:10.2119/2003-00001.Wu 3406:10.1056/NEJMicm071912 2179:in Montreal, Canada. 1703:in situ hybridization 1636: 1475:X-ray crystallography 1472: 1363:stratified epithelium 1335: 1124:head and neck cancers 1112:Head and neck cancers 1033: 926: 690:genital or anal warts 612: 604: 259:are common causes of 13358:Alphavirus infection 13222:Erythema infectiosum 12999:Progressive vaccinia 12989:Generalized vaccinia 12814:Herpes zoster oticus 12421:Adenovirus infection 11885:Human polyomavirus 2 11714:Oropharyngeal cancer 11468:Human papillomavirus 11357:Ureaplasma infection 10968:Head and neck cancer 10914:Human papillomavirus 10057:"HPV vaccine report" 9837:10.1155/2019/3257939 8479:Gynecologic Oncology 7655:10.1128/JVI.00731-09 7516:Biological Chemistry 6955:10.1128/JVI.00330-13 6789:Gynecologic Oncology 6491:10.1136/sti.75.5.317 6335:Tay SK (July 1995). 5780:on 13 November 2007. 5702:10.1038/bjc.2011.354 5168:20 July 2009 at the 5129:10.1056/NEJMoa065497 4534:(Suppl 5): F168-74. 4180:Archives of Virology 3814:10.1128/JVI.01813-07 3426:MedlinePlus, Warts, 2934:10.1056/NEJMoa021641 2632:. 28 December 2015. 2397:. 28 December 2015. 2244:. 22 February 2022. 2167:(HPV) infection and 2165:human papillomavirus 2136:discovered HPV-5 in 1698:immunohistochemistry 1656:Guidelines from the 1426:mediated endocytosis 1300:Australian Red Cross 1292:transfusion-acquired 1038:Nearly all cases of 522:Oropharyngeal cancer 292:poor immune function 272:human papillomavirus 205:precancerous lesions 142:Human papillomavirus 53:Human papillomavirus 32:HPV (disambiguation) 18:Human papillomavirus 12859:Human herpesvirus 6 12007:Post-polio syndrome 11643:Infectious diseases 11286:Haemophilus ducreyi 11192:Cervical conization 10350:Reportable diseases 9919:(Suppl 5): F12-23. 9824:Journal of Oncology 9603:on 19 February 2008 9015:. 20 October 2016. 8770:on 16 December 2010 8667:10.1155/2013/240164 8654:Journal of Oncology 8220:on 5 September 2012 7826:on 17 December 2014 7643:Journal of Virology 7470:Journal of Virology 7333:2013Sci...339..694Z 7227:10.1093/jnci/djw100 7004:2011PLoSO...620183C 6943:Journal of Virology 6896:2012PLoSO...743519W 5964:Heymann MD (2015). 5813:10.1155/2010/345436 5774:The Daily Telegraph 5301:10.1093/jnci/djv086 4998:10.1093/jnci/dji163 4878:2014PLoSO...9j0746F 4019:2013Sci...339..694Z 3912:2014PNAS..11115544P 3802:Journal of Virology 3774:10.1056/NEJMp058171 3533:. 16 October 2018. 3433:5 June 2016 at the 3305:Journal of Virology 3067:(Suppl 1): S16-24. 3032:10.17219/acem/67461 2124:in Poland. In 1976 1974: 1895:sodium hypochlorite 1784:, such as with the 1591: 1509:open reading frames 1051:alphapapillomavirus 788:Oropharynx (women) 742: 494:more than 15 types 463:16, 18, 31, 53, 58 363:Many HPV types are 13337:("German measles") 13151:Bowenoid papulosis 12722:Herpes gladiatorum 12140:Epstein–Barr virus 12110:Respiratory system 11747:Burkitt's lymphoma 11350:Treponema pallidum 11338:Mycoplasma hominis 10858:External resources 10453:on 11 January 2019 9328:10.1093/jac/dku006 9126:. 3 January 2017. 8863:on 10 January 2015 8795:Medical News Today 8146:10.1093/aje/kwj077 7970:10.3322/caac.21392 7920:10.3322/caac.21139 6795:(1 Suppl): S12–7. 6702:Reviews in Urology 6696:Watson RA (2005). 6387:10.1007/BF01967118 6313:10.1093/aje/kwf180 5655:10.1007/BF02714928 5467:10.1002/cncr.33346 4587:10.1586/era.12.159 4554:on 8 November 2019 3622:Molecular Medicine 2768:10.1093/jac/dku006 2731:. 18 November 2019 2512:on 9 November 2015 2431:Milner DA (2015). 2122:Stefania Jabłońska 1972: 1652:Cervical screening 1639: 1589: 1497: 1355: 1305:American Red Cross 1240:Genital infections 1036: 929: 919:Cancer development 740: 615: 607: 590:Signs and symptoms 288:sexual intercourse 78:Infectious disease 13462: 13461: 13417: 13416: 13413: 13412: 13383:Coxsackie A virus 13363:Chikungunya fever 13271: 13270: 13227:Reticulocytopenia 13199: 13198: 13088: 13087: 12994:Eczema vaccinatum 12918: 12917: 12871:Exanthema subitum 12842: 12841: 12819:Ophthalmic zoster 12784:B virus infection 12752:Eczema herpeticum 12621: 12620: 12583: 12582: 12334: 12333: 12265:Influenza virus A 12182:Human coronavirus 12072: 12071: 12062:Herpes of the eye 11609: 11608: 11501:HSV-1 & HSV-2 11489:Hepatitis B virus 11230: 11229: 11222:Harald zur Hausen 11205: 11204: 11049: 11048: 10881: 10880: 10579:978-92-832-1290-4 10536:10.1002/jmv.24888 9422:10.1111/jog.13248 9208:(35–36): 584–91. 8711:(Pt 9): 2643–50. 7869:on 14 April 2013. 7588:978-1-4419-1471-2 7187:10.3390/d13100497 7119:10.3390/v10020080 6634:10.1002/jmv.21592 6538:978-0-19-973291-3 6046:10.1002/ijc.27891 5975:978-0-87553-018-5 5940:978-1-35118-825-8 5607:on 27 April 2012. 5350:10.1002/ijc.30608 4957:978-1-55581-903-3 4492:10.1002/ijc.22357 4443:10.1002/path.4424 4249:10.1136/bmj.c2986 4013:(6120): 694–698. 3460:978-92-832-0429-9 3176:978-1-4160-2973-1 2869:978-1-4200-7313-3 2702:. 20 January 2016 2599:. 18 October 2023 2471:. 25 March 2013. 2444:978-0-323-40037-4 2177:McGill University 2134:Pasteur Institute 2126:Harald zur Hausen 2058:at any given time 2041: 2040: 1908:hydrogen peroxide 1786:Papanicolaou test 1622: 1621: 1371:basement membrane 1296:blood transfusion 1020:ultraviolet light 1010:. In such cases, 962:). E6AP is an E3 916: 915: 774:Oropharynx (men) 617:Skin infection (" 550: 549: 516:6, 7, 11, 16, 32 322:Papanicolaou test 189:) is caused by a 180: 179: 39:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 13534: 13479: 13478: 13470: 13282: 13281: 13108: 13101: 13100: 13095:Papillomaviridae 12931: 12930: 12908:Kaposi's sarcoma 12876:Roseola vaccinia 12797: 12777: 12732:Herpetic sycosis 12717:Herpetic whitlow 12705: 12698: 12697: 12687: 12686: 12676: 12675: 12667: 12666: 12648: 12641: 12634: 12625: 12624: 12347: 12346: 12342:digestive system 12259:Orthomyxoviridae 12225:SARS coronavirus 12211:MERS coronavirus 12127: 12126: 11939:Orthomyxoviridae 11862: 11861: 11828:Immune disorders 11752:Hodgkin lymphoma 11728:Kaposi's sarcoma 11636: 11629: 11622: 11613: 11612: 11588: 11569: 11550: 11257: 11250: 11243: 11234: 11233: 11148: 11147: 10928: 10927: 10908: 10901: 10894: 10885: 10884: 10771: 10770: 10711: 10710: 10700: 10672: 10666: 10665: 10655: 10623: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10612: 10597: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10586: 10571: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10518: 10512: 10511: 10501: 10469: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10452: 10441: 10433: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10419: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10392: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10375: 10364: 10347: 10341: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10306: 10301:on 16 March 2008 10297:. Archived from 10295:Associated Press 10280: 10274: 10273: 10271: 10269: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10233:on 10 March 2007 10229:. Archived from 10216: 10210: 10209: 10170: 10164: 10163: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10114: 10090: 10081: 10080: 10074: 10072: 10067:on 25 April 2009 10053: 10047: 10046: 10044: 10042: 10033:. Archived from 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10016: 10007:. Archived from 10001: 9995: 9994: 9984: 9960: 9945: 9944: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9869: 9860: 9859: 9849: 9839: 9815: 9804: 9803: 9793: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9736: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9701: 9686: 9680: 9679: 9669: 9645: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9619: 9613: 9612: 9610: 9608: 9599:. Archived from 9592: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9562: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9532: 9523: 9522: 9521:. December 2017. 9516: 9508: 9502: 9501: 9495: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9471:on 1 August 2020 9470: 9463: 9454: 9443: 9442: 9424: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9339: 9307: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9225: 9193: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9176: 9168: 9162: 9161: 9146: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9114: 9108: 9107: 9097: 9088:(17): 1793–802. 9073: 9067: 9066: 9038: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9024: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8986: 8954: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8917: 8909: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8831:on 1 August 2020 8825:Cleveland Clinic 8817: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8786: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8769: 8763:. Archived from 8746: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8720: 8696: 8690: 8689: 8679: 8669: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8632: 8630: 8615: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8601: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8533: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8473: 8467: 8466: 8448: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8407: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8358: 8334: 8323: 8322: 8312: 8280: 8269: 8268: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8216:. Archived from 8206: 8200: 8199: 8189: 8165: 8159: 8158: 8148: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8107: 8083: 8068: 8067: 8057: 8047: 8023: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7972: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7931: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7865:. Archived from 7834: 7828: 7827: 7822:, archived from 7814: 7808: 7807: 7797: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7748: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7707: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7666: 7649:(20): 10515–26. 7634: 7628: 7627: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7566: 7557: 7556: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7493: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7444: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7352: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7295: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7246: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7189: 7165: 7150: 7149: 7139: 7121: 7096: 7087: 7086: 7076: 7066: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7025: 7015: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6966: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6917: 6907: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6832: 6823: 6822: 6812: 6780: 6769: 6768: 6758: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6717: 6693: 6682: 6681: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6645: 6619: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6593: 6561: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6522: 6513: 6512: 6502: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6422: 6421:(Free full text) 6413: 6407: 6406: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6341: 6340:(Free full text) 6332: 6326: 6325: 6315: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6274: 6242: 6229: 6228: 6218: 6186: 6177: 6176: 6166: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6117: 6085: 6076: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6048: 6039:(10): 2395–403. 6024: 6018: 6017: 5989: 5980: 5979: 5961: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5907: 5875: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5846:"HPV and Cancer" 5842: 5836: 5835: 5825: 5815: 5806:(3–4): 199–206. 5791: 5782: 5781: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5713: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5629:on 27 July 2012. 5625:. Archived from 5615: 5609: 5608: 5603:. Archived from 5597: 5591: 5590: 5580: 5570: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5508:The Laryngoscope 5503: 5497: 5496: 5486: 5461:(7): 1029–1038. 5445: 5439: 5438: 5428: 5411:(32): 4294–301. 5396: 5390: 5389: 5371: 5361: 5344:(9): 1968–1975. 5329: 5323: 5322: 5312: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5255: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5214: 5190: 5184: 5159: 5150: 5149: 5131: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5091: 5082: 5073: 5072: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5000: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4949: 4925: 4910: 4909: 4899: 4889: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4840: 4830: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4762: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4696: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4655: 4637: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4550:. Archived from 4519: 4513: 4512: 4494: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4445: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4396: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4355: 4345: 4328:Ault KA (2006). 4325: 4314: 4313: 4288:(5722): 618–21. 4277: 4271: 4270: 4260: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4211: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4138: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4046: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3933: 3923: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3866: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3825: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3776: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3735: 3711: 3700: 3699: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3645: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3578: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3523: 3514: 3513: 3503: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3447: 3438: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3364: 3358: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3328: 3311:(24): 11636–41. 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3264: 3253: 3252: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3211: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3162: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3056: 3045: 3044: 3034: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2975: 2964: 2963: 2945: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2853: 2842: 2841: 2823: 2821:10.7326/M14-2426 2799: 2790: 2789: 2779: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2726: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2660: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2620: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2587: 2566: 2565: 2555: 2531: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2496: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2428: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2385: 2360: 2359: 2353: 2351: 2311: 2294: 2293: 2265: 2250: 2249: 2232: 2120:was proposed by 1975: 1971: 1912:chlorine dioxide 1881:by the condom." 1876:says that male " 1646:Cervical testing 1592: 1588: 1494: 1352: 1070:developing world 964:Ubiquitin ligase 743: 739: 659:periungual warts 634:to other types. 448:Anogenital warts 405: 404: 196:Papillomaviridae 62: 42: 41: 21: 13542: 13541: 13537: 13536: 13535: 13533: 13532: 13531: 13527:Cervical cancer 13487: 13486: 13485: 13473: 13465: 13463: 13458: 13439:Lipschütz ulcer 13409: 13367: 13342: 13307: 13287:Paramyxoviridae 13267: 13238: 13195: 13175: 13104: 13084: 13054: 13030:Milker's nodule 13010: 12962:Monkeypox virus 12914: 12887: 12838: 12793: 12788: 12771: 12766: 12701: 12661: 12655:Skin infections 12652: 12622: 12617: 12579: 12559: 12467: 12441:Gastroenteritis 12399: 12396:Gastroenteritis 12390: 12378:Cytomegalovirus 12341: 12330: 12298:Paramyxoviridae 12287:Avian influenza 12163: 12158:Cytomegalovirus 12122:viral pneumonia 12120: 12117:nasopharyngitis 12116: 12113: 12104: 12068: 12042:Cytomegalovirus 12027: 11981: 11869: 11856: 11849: 11822: 11689:Cervical cancer 11649: 11640: 11610: 11605: 11584: 11565: 11546: 11537: 11531: 11475:Genital warts ( 11416: 11393: 11368: 11267: 11261: 11231: 11226: 11201: 11180: 11137: 11106:Bethesda system 11079: 11045: 11031: 10979: 10938:Cervical cancer 10922: 10915: 10912: 10882: 10877: 10876: 10853: 10852: 10782: 10751:HPV Fact sheets 10732: 10720: 10715: 10714: 10677:Petzl-Erler, M. 10673: 10669: 10624: 10620: 10610: 10608: 10599: 10598: 10594: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10564: 10563: 10559: 10519: 10515: 10470: 10466: 10456: 10454: 10450: 10439: 10435: 10434: 10427: 10417: 10415: 10411: 10410: 10406: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10389: 10381: 10377: 10376: 10367: 10357:Wayback Machine 10348: 10344: 10334: 10332: 10319: 10318: 10314: 10304: 10302: 10281: 10277: 10267: 10265: 10250: 10246: 10236: 10234: 10217: 10213: 10171: 10167: 10136: 10132: 10112:10.1363/3600604 10091: 10084: 10070: 10068: 10055: 10054: 10050: 10040: 10038: 10037:on 19 June 2008 10029: 10028: 10024: 10014: 10012: 10011:on 18 July 2007 10003: 10002: 9998: 9961: 9948: 9905: 9901: 9870: 9863: 9816: 9807: 9776:(1): CD010757. 9762: 9758: 9713: 9709: 9699: 9697: 9688: 9687: 9683: 9646: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9606: 9604: 9593: 9589: 9579: 9577: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9549: 9547: 9534: 9533: 9526: 9514: 9510: 9509: 9505: 9493: 9489: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9472: 9468: 9461: 9455: 9446: 9401: 9397: 9374:10.1071/sh15089 9357: 9353: 9308: 9301: 9291: 9289: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9259: 9244: 9243: 9239: 9194: 9190: 9180: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9169: 9165: 9148: 9147: 9143: 9133: 9131: 9116: 9115: 9111: 9074: 9070: 9039: 9032: 9022: 9020: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8969:(7): CD008587. 8955: 8946: 8938: 8915: 8911: 8910: 8906: 8896: 8894: 8881: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8849: 8848: 8844: 8834: 8832: 8819: 8818: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8787: 8783: 8773: 8771: 8767: 8744: 8738: 8734: 8697: 8693: 8646: 8642: 8628: 8626: 8625:on 7 April 2007 8617: 8616: 8612: 8599: 8597: 8588: 8587: 8583: 8573: 8571: 8552: 8551: 8547: 8510: 8506: 8474: 8470: 8425: 8421: 8376: 8372: 8335: 8326: 8281: 8272: 8240: 8233: 8223: 8221: 8208: 8207: 8203: 8166: 8162: 8125: 8121: 8084: 8071: 8024: 8020: 8010: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7994: 7949: 7945: 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7874: 7835: 7831: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7774: 7770: 7725: 7721: 7684: 7680: 7635: 7631: 7600: 7596: 7589: 7567: 7560: 7511: 7507: 7462: 7458: 7413: 7409: 7370: 7366: 7327:(6120): 694–8. 7313: 7309: 7264: 7260: 7207: 7203: 7166: 7153: 7097: 7090: 7043: 7039: 6984: 6980: 6949:(11): 6062–72. 6935: 6931: 6876: 6872: 6833: 6826: 6781: 6772: 6735: 6731: 6694: 6685: 6672: 6671: 6667: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6576:(11): 5428–34. 6562: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6539: 6523: 6516: 6471: 6464: 6420: 6414: 6410: 6371: 6367: 6339: 6333: 6329: 6292: 6288: 6243: 6232: 6187: 6180: 6135: 6131: 6086: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6025: 6021: 5990: 5983: 5976: 5962: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5925: 5921: 5876: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5852:. 15 May 2015. 5844: 5843: 5839: 5800:Disease Markers 5792: 5785: 5766: 5762: 5731: 5727: 5682: 5678: 5638: 5634: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5555:Genome Medicine 5547: 5543: 5514:(12): 2115–28. 5504: 5500: 5446: 5442: 5397: 5393: 5330: 5326: 5281: 5277: 5232: 5228: 5191: 5187: 5181:Wayback Machine 5170:Wayback Machine 5160: 5153: 5122:(19): 1944–56. 5108: 5101: 5089: 5083: 5076: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5019: 5018: 5014: 4991:(12): 896–905. 4977: 4973: 4958: 4926: 4913: 4858: 4854: 4807: 4803: 4790:(18): 139–145. 4780: 4776: 4731:Nature Genetics 4722: 4718: 4673: 4669: 4614: 4610: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4520: 4516: 4471: 4467: 4422: 4418: 4373: 4369: 4326: 4317: 4278: 4274: 4229: 4225: 4172: 4168: 4115: 4111: 4064: 4060: 3998: 3994: 3951: 3947: 3906:(43): 15544–9. 3892: 3888: 3843: 3839: 3794: 3790: 3753: 3749: 3712: 3703: 3663: 3659: 3614: 3610: 3579: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3555:on 12 June 2010 3547: 3546: 3542: 3525: 3524: 3517: 3472: 3468: 3461: 3449: 3448: 3441: 3435:Wayback Machine 3425: 3421: 3390: 3386: 3365: 3361: 3356:Wayback Machine 3346: 3342: 3297: 3293: 3278:(50): 645–672. 3265: 3256: 3229: 3225: 3188: 3184: 3177: 3163: 3154: 3144: 3142: 3141:on 16 July 2012 3133: 3132: 3128: 3101:Human Pathology 3096: 3092: 3057: 3048: 3011: 3007: 2976: 2967: 2914: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2887:. Stat Pearls. 2881: 2877: 2870: 2854: 2845: 2800: 2793: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2622: 2621: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2589: 2588: 2569: 2546:(1–2): 224–31. 2532: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2498: 2497: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2445: 2429: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2387: 2386: 2363: 2349: 2347: 2328:10.32388/G6TG1L 2312: 2297: 2266: 2253: 2234: 2233: 2190: 2185: 2169:cervical cancer 2157: 2130:cervical cancer 2110: 2097: 2089: 2076: 1981:Prevalence (%) 1970: 1950: 1926: 1920: 1904:UV disinfection 1887: 1870: 1808: 1802: 1774: 1757: 1711: 1678: 1654: 1648: 1631: 1584: 1575: 1486: 1467: 1446: 1344: 1330: 1313: 1283: 1274: 1257: 1242: 1225: 1204: 1199: 1187:cutaneous horns 1167: 1150: 1120: 1114: 1102: 1088: 1040:cervical cancer 1028: 1026:Cervical cancer 1004: 921: 728: 726:Case statistics 723: 706: 686: 661:form under the 599: 592: 353: 278:and infect the 233:cervical cancer 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13540: 13530: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13512:Papillomavirus 13509: 13504: 13502:Carcinogenesis 13499: 13484: 13483: 13460: 13459: 13457: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13425: 13423: 13419: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13396: 13395: 13390: 13379: 13377: 13374:Picornaviridae 13369: 13368: 13366: 13365: 13360: 13354: 13352: 13344: 13343: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13338: 13332: 13319: 13317: 13309: 13308: 13306: 13305: 13304: 13303: 13292: 13290: 13279: 13273: 13272: 13269: 13268: 13266: 13265: 13264: 13263: 13250: 13248: 13245:Polyomaviridae 13240: 13239: 13237: 13236: 13235: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13216:Parvovirus B19 13211: 13209: 13201: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13189:Equine sarcoid 13180: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13173: 13168: 13166:Pigmented wart 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13146:Butcher's wart 13143: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13126: 13124:Heck's disease 13121: 13111: 13109: 13098: 13090: 13089: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13062: 13060: 13056: 13055: 13053: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13022: 13020: 13012: 13011: 13009: 13008: 13003: 13002: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12979:Vaccinia virus 12976: 12971: 12970: 12969: 12959: 12958: 12957: 12952: 12941: 12939: 12928: 12920: 12919: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12912: 12911: 12910: 12899: 12897: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12885: 12880: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12854: 12852: 12844: 12843: 12840: 12839: 12837: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12800: 12798: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12786: 12780: 12778: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12742:Genital herpes 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12712:Herpes simplex 12708: 12706: 12695: 12684: 12673: 12663: 12662: 12651: 12650: 12643: 12636: 12628: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12601: 12593: 12591: 12585: 12584: 12581: 12580: 12578: 12577: 12569: 12567: 12561: 12560: 12558: 12557: 12545: 12533: 12521: 12509: 12502: 12496: 12495: 12483: 12477: 12475: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12465: 12458: 12451: 12444: 12432: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12423: 12411: 12405: 12403: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12388: 12387: 12386: 12374: 12373: 12372: 12359: 12357: 12344: 12336: 12335: 12332: 12331: 12329: 12328: 12321: 12314: 12313: 12312: 12292: 12291: 12290: 12289: 12250: 12249: 12248: 12247: 12235: 12234: 12233: 12221: 12220: 12219: 12207: 12206: 12205: 12173: 12171: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12161: 12154: 12153: 12152: 12135: 12133: 12124: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12102: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12082: 12080: 12078:Cardiovascular 12074: 12073: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12064: 12052: 12051: 12050: 12037: 12035: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12025: 12024: 12023: 12011: 12010: 12009: 12004: 11991: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11950: 11949: 11948: 11935: 11930: 11929: 11928: 11916: 11915: 11914: 11902: 11896: 11895: 11894: 11893: 11881: 11875: 11873: 11859: 11857:nervous system 11851: 11850: 11848: 11847: 11846: 11845: 11832: 11830: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11820: 11819: 11818: 11806: 11805: 11804: 11799: 11787: 11781: 11780: 11779: 11778: 11766: 11765: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11732: 11731: 11730: 11718: 11717: 11716: 11711: 11709:Vaginal cancer 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11679: 11678: 11677: 11665: 11659: 11657: 11651: 11650: 11639: 11638: 11631: 11624: 11616: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11603: 11594: 11589: 11581: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11562: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11543: 11541: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11517: 11505: 11504: 11503: 11496:Herpes simplex 11493: 11481: 11472: 11464: 11463: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11439: 11426: 11424: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11414: 11409: 11403: 11401: 11395: 11394: 11392: 11391: 11382:Trichomoniasis 11378: 11376: 11370: 11369: 11367: 11366: 11354: 11342: 11330: 11318: 11306: 11290: 11277: 11275: 11269: 11268: 11260: 11259: 11252: 11245: 11237: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11224: 11219: 11213: 11211: 11207: 11206: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11199: 11194: 11188: 11186: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11157: 11155: 11145: 11139: 11138: 11136: 11135: 11134: 11133: 11128: 11120: 11119: 11118: 11116:Cytotechnology 11113: 11103: 11102: 11101: 11089: 11087: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11077: 11076: 11075: 11070: 11059: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11039: 11037: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10989: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10977: 10976: 10975: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10940: 10934: 10932: 10925: 10917: 10916: 10911: 10910: 10903: 10896: 10888: 10879: 10878: 10875: 10874: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10851: 10850: 10839: 10828: 10817: 10799: 10783: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10774:Classification 10768: 10767: 10757: 10748: 10742: 10731: 10730:External links 10728: 10727: 10726: 10719: 10716: 10713: 10712: 10691:(4): 223–233. 10667: 10618: 10592: 10578: 10557: 10530:(1): 148–156. 10513: 10464: 10425: 10404: 10387: 10365: 10342: 10312: 10275: 10244: 10211: 10165: 10130: 10082: 10048: 10022: 9996: 9946: 9899: 9861: 9805: 9756: 9707: 9681: 9640: 9623:"Cure for HPV" 9614: 9587: 9557: 9524: 9503: 9500:. 2 June 2016. 9482: 9444: 9415:(3): 429–435. 9395: 9351: 9322:(6): 1546–50. 9299: 9269: 9237: 9188: 9163: 9141: 9109: 9068: 9053:(RR-2): 1–24. 9030: 8998: 8944: 8904: 8874: 8842: 8812: 8781: 8732: 8691: 8640: 8610: 8581: 8545: 8531:10.1086/521192 8524:(8): 1128–36. 8504: 8468: 8419: 8370: 8356:10.1086/381395 8324: 8270: 8231: 8214:thehpvtest.com 8210:"FAQs for Men" 8201: 8187:10.1086/521199 8160: 8119: 8105:10.1086/507432 8098:(8): 1044–57. 8069: 8018: 8003:. Cancer.gov. 7992: 7963:(2): 100–121. 7943: 7893: 7872: 7829: 7809: 7795:10.1086/591095 7768: 7719: 7678: 7629: 7604:Virus Research 7594: 7587: 7558: 7523:(8): 919–927. 7505: 7476:(9): 4249–63. 7456: 7407: 7364: 7307: 7258: 7201: 7151: 7088: 7037: 6978: 6929: 6870: 6824: 6770: 6749:(2): 253–263. 6729: 6683: 6665: 6628:(10): 1792–6. 6605: 6556: 6537: 6514: 6462: 6408: 6365: 6350:(4): 598–601. 6327: 6286: 6230: 6207:10.1086/521629 6201:(8): 1146–52. 6178: 6129: 6077: 6068: 6019: 5981: 5974: 5953: 5939: 5919: 5867: 5837: 5783: 5760: 5725: 5696:(8): 1183–90. 5676: 5632: 5610: 5592: 5541: 5498: 5440: 5391: 5324: 5275: 5246:(36): 5623–5. 5226: 5185: 5183:. 11 ed. 2008. 5151: 5099: 5074: 5038: 5027:on 7 July 2011 5012: 4971: 4956: 4911: 4872:(7): e100746. 4852: 4801: 4774: 4737:(8): 800–810. 4716: 4667: 4635:10.1101/428912 4608: 4565: 4514: 4465: 4436:(4): 431–435. 4416: 4367: 4315: 4272: 4223: 4186:(3): 397–408. 4166: 4109: 4074:(4): 199–210. 4058: 3992: 3965:(3): 495–505. 3945: 3886: 3837: 3788: 3767:(20): 2101–4. 3747: 3701: 3674:(5): 698–705. 3657: 3628:(3–4): 77–84. 3608: 3566: 3540: 3515: 3486:(8): 2058–63. 3466: 3459: 3439: 3419: 3384: 3359: 3340: 3291: 3254: 3223: 3209:10.1086/514194 3182: 3175: 3152: 3126: 3090: 3046: 3025:(3): 539–547. 3005: 2965: 2905: 2875: 2868: 2843: 2791: 2762:(6): 1546–50. 2742: 2713: 2685: 2647: 2610: 2567: 2523: 2486: 2454: 2443: 2412: 2389:"What is HPV?" 2361: 2295: 2251: 2187: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2156: 2153: 2109: 2106: 2101:Inner Mongolia 2096: 2095:Inner Mongolia 2093: 2088: 2085: 2075: 2072: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1969: 1966: 1949: 1946: 1919: 1916: 1891:glutaraldehyde 1886: 1883: 1869: 1866: 1824:capsid protein 1804:Main article: 1801: 1798: 1773: 1770: 1756: 1753: 1710: 1707: 1677: 1674: 1650:Main article: 1647: 1644: 1630: 1627: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1583: 1580: 1574: 1573:Latency period 1571: 1521: 1520: 1519:Role in cancer 1501:early proteins 1466: 1465:E6/E7 proteins 1463: 1445: 1442: 1329: 1326: 1322:laser ablation 1318:electrocautery 1312: 1309: 1282: 1279: 1273: 1272:Shared objects 1270: 1256: 1253: 1241: 1238: 1224: 1221: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1166: 1163: 1149: 1146: 1113: 1110: 1106:penile cancers 1101: 1098: 1094:Anal Pap smear 1087: 1084: 1027: 1024: 1003: 1000: 949:carcinogenesis 920: 917: 914: 913: 910: 907: 904: 900: 899: 896: 893: 890: 886: 885: 882: 879: 876: 869: 868: 865: 862: 859: 855: 854: 851: 848: 845: 841: 840: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 823: 820: 817: 813: 812: 809: 806: 803: 799: 798: 795: 792: 789: 785: 784: 781: 778: 775: 771: 770: 767: 764: 761: 757: 756: 753: 750: 747: 727: 724: 722: 719: 705: 702: 685: 682: 678: 677: 670: 655: 649: 598: 595: 591: 588: 548: 547: 544: 538: 537: 534: 532:Verrucous cyst 528: 527: 524: 518: 517: 514: 507: 506: 503: 496: 495: 492: 486: 485: 484: 483: 480: 477: 472: 465: 464: 461: 458:Anal dysplasia 454: 453: 450: 444: 443: 440: 434: 433: 430: 424: 423: 420: 413: 412: 409: 352: 349: 345:ancient Greece 320:, such as the 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 160: 156: 155: 154:Sexual contact 152: 146: 145: 139: 135: 134: 110:Cancer of the 108: 102: 101: 95: 89: 88: 75: 69: 68: 64: 63: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13539: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13492: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13471: 13468: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13426: 13424: 13420: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13385: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13376: 13375: 13370: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13350: 13345: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13325: 13324:Rubella virus 13321: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13315: 13314:Matonaviridae 13310: 13302: 13299: 13298: 13297: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13288: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13274: 13262: 13259: 13258: 13257: 13256: 13252: 13251: 13249: 13247: 13246: 13241: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13219: 13218: 13217: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13207: 13202: 13190: 13187: 13186: 13185: 13182: 13181: 13178: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13161:Verruca plana 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13135: 13132: 13131: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13116: 13113: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13096: 13091: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13067: 13064: 13063: 13061: 13057: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13027: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13018: 13013: 13007: 13004: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12981: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12968: 12965: 12964: 12963: 12960: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12946: 12943: 12942: 12940: 12938: 12937: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12904: 12901: 12900: 12898: 12896: 12895: 12890: 12884: 12881: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12868: 12867: 12866: 12861: 12860: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12850: 12845: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12809:Herpes zoster 12807: 12805: 12802: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12791: 12785: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12775: 12769: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12693: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12682: 12681:Herpesviridae 12677: 12674: 12672: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12656: 12649: 12644: 12642: 12637: 12635: 12630: 12629: 12626: 12612: 12609: 12608: 12607: 12606: 12602: 12600: 12599: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12590: 12586: 12576: 12575: 12571: 12570: 12568: 12566: 12562: 12555: 12551: 12550: 12546: 12543: 12539: 12538: 12534: 12531: 12527: 12526: 12522: 12519: 12515: 12514: 12510: 12508: 12507: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12497: 12493: 12489: 12488: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12474: 12470: 12464: 12463: 12459: 12457: 12456: 12452: 12450: 12449: 12445: 12442: 12438: 12437: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12427: 12422: 12419: 12418: 12417: 12416: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12406: 12404: 12402: 12397: 12393: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12380: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12366: 12365: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12352: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12337: 12327: 12326: 12322: 12320: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12310:Parainfluenza 12308: 12307: 12306: 12305: 12300: 12299: 12294: 12293: 12288: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12279: 12278: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12261: 12260: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12241: 12240: 12236: 12232: 12229: 12228: 12227: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12215: 12214: 12213: 12212: 12208: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12199: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12186: 12183: 12178: 12175: 12174: 12172: 12170: 12166: 12160: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12146:EBV infection 12144: 12143: 12142: 12141: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12118: 12111: 12107: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12090: 12089: 12088: 12084: 12083: 12081: 12079: 12075: 12063: 12060: 12059: 12058: 12057: 12053: 12049: 12046: 12045: 12044: 12043: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12034: 12030: 12022: 12019: 12018: 12017: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12002:Poliomyelitis 12000: 11999: 11998: 11997: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11988: 11984: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11961: 11958: 11957: 11956: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11940: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11927: 11924: 11923: 11922: 11921: 11917: 11913: 11910: 11909: 11908: 11907: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11897: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11887: 11886: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11876: 11874: 11872: 11867: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11852: 11844: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11825: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11812: 11811: 11807: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11794: 11793: 11792: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11782: 11777: 11774: 11773: 11772: 11771: 11767: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11733: 11729: 11726: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11719: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11704:Vulvar cancer 11702: 11700: 11699:Penile cancer 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11686: 11685: 11684: 11680: 11676: 11673: 11672: 11671: 11670: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11644: 11637: 11632: 11630: 11625: 11623: 11618: 11617: 11614: 11602: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11587: 11583: 11582: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11568: 11564: 11563: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11549: 11545: 11544: 11542: 11540: 11534: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11518: 11515: 11514: 11509: 11506: 11502: 11499: 11498: 11497: 11494: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11436: 11431: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11419: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11400: 11396: 11389: 11388: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11371: 11364: 11363: 11358: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11346: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11334: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11322: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11310: 11307: 11304: 11303: 11298: 11294: 11291: 11288: 11287: 11282: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11270: 11265: 11258: 11253: 11251: 11246: 11244: 11239: 11238: 11235: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11208: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11183: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11140: 11132: 11131:Cervicography 11129: 11127: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11111:Cytopathology 11109: 11108: 11107: 11104: 11100: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11086: 11082: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11065: 11064: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11052: 11043: 11040:Acrochordon ( 11038: 11034: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10992: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10973: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10945: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10918: 10909: 10904: 10902: 10897: 10895: 10890: 10889: 10886: 10873: 10869: 10868: 10864: 10863: 10860: 10856: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10840: 10838: 10834: 10833: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10822: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10809: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10784: 10781: 10776: 10772: 10765: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10752: 10749: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10725: 10722: 10721: 10708: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10690: 10686: 10682: 10678: 10671: 10663: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10645: 10641: 10638:(23): 10068. 10637: 10633: 10629: 10622: 10606: 10602: 10596: 10581: 10575: 10570: 10569: 10561: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10517: 10509: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10468: 10449: 10445: 10438: 10432: 10430: 10414: 10408: 10397: 10391: 10380: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10362: 10358: 10354: 10351: 10346: 10330: 10326: 10322: 10316: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10291: 10286: 10279: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10248: 10232: 10228: 10227: 10222: 10215: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10181:(8): 528–37. 10180: 10176: 10169: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10134: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10089: 10087: 10079: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10052: 10036: 10032: 10026: 10010: 10006: 10000: 9992: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9910: 9903: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9868: 9866: 9857: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9760: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9727:(5): 314–23. 9726: 9722: 9718: 9711: 9695: 9691: 9685: 9677: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9644: 9628: 9625:. Webmd.com. 9624: 9618: 9602: 9598: 9591: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9561: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9529: 9520: 9513: 9507: 9499: 9492: 9486: 9467: 9460: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9399: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9362:Sexual Health 9355: 9347: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9306: 9304: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9257: 9253: 9252: 9247: 9241: 9233: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9192: 9173: 9167: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9145: 9129: 9125: 9124: 9119: 9113: 9105: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9037: 9035: 9018: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9002: 8994: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8914: 8908: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8862: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8846: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8785: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8755:(5): 533–41. 8754: 8750: 8743: 8736: 8728: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8695: 8687: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8644: 8637: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8607: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8549: 8541: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8472: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8423: 8415: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8366: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8349:(4): 677–85. 8348: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8320: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8238: 8236: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8205: 8197: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8180:(8): 1117–9. 8179: 8175: 8171: 8164: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8139:(6): 534–43. 8138: 8134: 8130: 8123: 8115: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8065: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8022: 8006: 8002: 7996: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7947: 7939: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7914:(3): 147–72. 7913: 7909: 7905: 7897: 7882: 7876: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7833: 7825: 7821: 7820: 7813: 7805: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7788:(6): 827–35. 7787: 7783: 7779: 7772: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7739:(3): 433–43. 7738: 7734: 7730: 7723: 7715: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7682: 7674: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7633: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7610:(2): 213–28. 7609: 7605: 7598: 7590: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7565: 7563: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7509: 7501: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7380:(1): 113–23. 7379: 7375: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7221:(9): djw100. 7220: 7216: 7212: 7205: 7197: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7147: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7095: 7093: 7084: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6998:(5): e20183. 6997: 6993: 6989: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6933: 6925: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6890:(8): e43519. 6889: 6885: 6881: 6874: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6843:(5): 727–46. 6842: 6838: 6831: 6829: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6708:(3): 135–44. 6707: 6703: 6699: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6679: 6675: 6669: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6601: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6560: 6544: 6540: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6521: 6519: 6510: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6467: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6306:(3): 218–26. 6305: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6257:(7): 1682–5. 6256: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6183: 6174: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6149:(6): 888–94. 6148: 6144: 6140: 6133: 6125: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6100:(6): 888–94. 6099: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6082: 6072: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5988: 5986: 5977: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5958: 5942: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5890:(5): 319–23. 5889: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5872: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5790: 5788: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5764: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5680: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5568:10.1186/gm453 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5502: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5444: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5295:(6): djv086. 5294: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5205:(9): 709–20. 5204: 5200: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5158: 5156: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5088: 5081: 5079: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5055:(8): 634–41. 5054: 5050: 5042: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4907: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4720: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4612: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4485:(4): 885–91. 4484: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4387:(2): 467–75. 4386: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808:(2): 1053–8. 3807: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3726:(26): 661–6. 3725: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3589:(4): 306–16. 3588: 3584: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3371: 3363: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3344: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2986:(4): 715–24. 2985: 2981: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2928:(6): 518–27. 2927: 2923: 2919: 2912: 2910: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2814:(12): 851–9. 2813: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2796: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2746: 2730: 2723: 2717: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2689: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2657: 2651: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2528: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2357: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2276:(2): 227–34. 2275: 2271: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2105: 2102: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1968:United States 1965: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1945: 1943: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1924:Genital warts 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1862: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1833: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1755:Other testing 1752: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1676:Mouth testing 1673: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1659: 1653: 1643: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1587: 1579: 1570: 1568: 1567:Wnt signaling 1564: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505:late proteins 1502: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1382:keratinocytes 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1278: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1252: 1249: 1245: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1119: 1109: 1107: 1100:Penile cancer 1097: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1032: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 999: 995: 993: 989: 985: 984:cyclin D/Cdk4 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 952: 950: 946: 942: 938: 933: 925: 902: 901: 889:Rectum (men) 888: 887: 874: 871: 870: 857: 856: 843: 842: 829: 828: 816:Anus (women) 815: 814: 801: 800: 787: 786: 773: 772: 759: 758: 754: 751: 748: 745: 744: 738: 735: 733: 718: 715: 711: 701: 697: 693: 691: 684:Genital warts 681: 674: 671: 668: 664: 660: 657:Subungual or 656: 653: 652:Plantar warts 650: 647: 643: 640: 639: 638: 635: 632: 626: 624: 620: 611: 603: 594: 587: 585: 584: 579: 578: 573: 569: 565: 561: 560: 555: 545: 543: 540: 539: 535: 533: 530: 529: 525: 523: 520: 519: 515: 513: 509: 508: 504: 501: 498: 497: 493: 491: 488: 487: 481: 478: 475: 474: 473: 471: 467: 466: 462: 459: 456: 455: 451: 449: 446: 445: 441: 439: 436: 435: 431: 429: 428:Plantar warts 426: 425: 421: 419: 415: 414: 410: 407: 406: 403: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 361: 359: 348: 346: 342: 338: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 266: 262: 261:genital warts 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 231:. Nearly all 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187:HPV infection 184: 175: 171: 168: 164: 161: 157: 153: 151: 147: 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 107: 106:Complications 103: 100: 96: 94: 90: 87: 83: 79: 76: 74: 70: 65: 61: 56: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 27:Human disease 19: 13372: 13347: 13322: 13312: 13285: 13253: 13243: 13214: 13206:Parvoviridae 13204: 13129:Genital wart 13119:plantar wart 13093: 13066:Yatapoxvirus 13040:Pseudocowpox 13026:Farmyard pox 13015: 12934: 12923: 12892: 12865:Roseolovirus 12863: 12857: 12847: 12772: 12690: 12679: 12603: 12596: 12572: 12565:Pancreatitis 12547: 12535: 12523: 12511: 12504: 12485: 12460: 12453: 12446: 12434: 12413: 12376: 12362: 12323: 12316: 12302: 12296: 12263: 12257: 12237: 12223: 12209: 12180: 12156: 12138: 12093:Pericarditis 12085: 12054: 12040: 12013: 11994: 11952: 11937: 11918: 11904: 11883: 11866:Encephalitis 11835: 11808: 11789: 11768: 11734: 11720: 11681: 11667: 11585: 11573:Epididymitis 11566: 11547: 11539:inflammation 11523: 11511: 11487: 11476: 11467: 11433: 11385: 11360: 11348: 11336: 11324: 11312: 11300: 11284: 11126:Speculoscopy 11063:HPV vaccines 10920: 10865: 10841: 10830: 10819: 10801: 10786: 10688: 10684: 10670: 10635: 10631: 10621: 10609:. Retrieved 10595: 10583:. Retrieved 10567: 10560: 10527: 10523: 10516: 10484:(1): 27–31. 10481: 10478:Virusdisease 10477: 10467: 10455:. Retrieved 10448:the original 10443: 10416:. Retrieved 10407: 10390: 10345: 10333:. Retrieved 10324: 10315: 10303:. Retrieved 10299:the original 10288: 10278: 10266:. Retrieved 10257: 10247: 10235:. Retrieved 10231:the original 10224: 10214: 10206: 10178: 10174: 10168: 10143: 10139: 10133: 10102: 10098: 10076: 10069:, retrieved 10065:the original 10060: 10051: 10039:. Retrieved 10035:the original 10025: 10013:. Retrieved 10009:the original 9999: 9975:(8): 813–9. 9972: 9968: 9916: 9912: 9902: 9877: 9873: 9827: 9823: 9773: 9769: 9759: 9724: 9720: 9710: 9698:. Retrieved 9684: 9660:(3): 193–4. 9657: 9653: 9643: 9631:. Retrieved 9617: 9605:. Retrieved 9601:the original 9590: 9578:. Retrieved 9560: 9548:. Retrieved 9518: 9506: 9497: 9485: 9473:. Retrieved 9466:the original 9412: 9408: 9398: 9368:(1): 10–21. 9365: 9361: 9354: 9319: 9315: 9290:. Retrieved 9272: 9260:. Retrieved 9249: 9240: 9205: 9201: 9191: 9179:. Retrieved 9177:. April 2015 9166: 9153: 9144: 9132:. Retrieved 9121: 9112: 9085: 9081: 9071: 9050: 9046: 9021:. Retrieved 9010: 9001: 8966: 8962: 8923: 8919: 8907: 8895:. Retrieved 8886: 8877: 8865:. Retrieved 8861:the original 8854: 8845: 8833:. Retrieved 8829:the original 8824: 8815: 8803:. Retrieved 8794: 8784: 8772:. Retrieved 8765:the original 8752: 8748: 8735: 8708: 8704: 8694: 8657: 8653: 8643: 8634: 8627:. Retrieved 8623:the original 8613: 8605: 8600:10 September 8598:. Retrieved 8584: 8572:. Retrieved 8557: 8548: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8485:(2): 530–5. 8482: 8478: 8471: 8439:(3): 221–5. 8436: 8432: 8422: 8390:(2): 513–7. 8387: 8383: 8373: 8346: 8342: 8292: 8288: 8251:(2): 251–5. 8248: 8244: 8222:. Retrieved 8218:the original 8213: 8204: 8177: 8173: 8163: 8136: 8132: 8122: 8095: 8091: 8035: 8031: 8021: 8009:. Retrieved 7995: 7960: 7956: 7946: 7911: 7907: 7896: 7884:. Retrieved 7875: 7867:the original 7849:(8): 930–4. 7846: 7842: 7832: 7824:the original 7818: 7812: 7785: 7781: 7771: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7698:(1): 35–42. 7695: 7691: 7681: 7646: 7642: 7632: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7570: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7433:10.2741/1971 7427:: 2286–302. 7424: 7420: 7410: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7324: 7320: 7310: 7275: 7271: 7261: 7218: 7214: 7204: 7177: 7173: 7109: 7105: 7054: 7050: 7040: 6995: 6991: 6981: 6946: 6942: 6932: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6840: 6836: 6792: 6788: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6705: 6701: 6668: 6625: 6621: 6608: 6573: 6569: 6559: 6547:. Retrieved 6527: 6485:(5): 317–9. 6482: 6478: 6431:(3): 240–2. 6428: 6424: 6411: 6381:(3): 221–2. 6378: 6374: 6368: 6347: 6343: 6330: 6303: 6299: 6289: 6254: 6250: 6198: 6194: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6097: 6093: 6071: 6036: 6032: 6022: 5997: 5993: 5965: 5944:. Retrieved 5929: 5922: 5887: 5883: 5858:. Retrieved 5849: 5840: 5803: 5799: 5778:the original 5773: 5763: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5649:(1): 33–42. 5646: 5642: 5635: 5627:the original 5622: 5613: 5605:the original 5595: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5458: 5454: 5443: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5359:2318/1634649 5341: 5337: 5327: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5243: 5239: 5229: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5119: 5115: 5093: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5029:. Retrieved 5025:the original 5015: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4937: 4933: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4821:(1): 78–87. 4818: 4814: 4804: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4734: 4730: 4719: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4625: 4621: 4611: 4581:(1): 29–42. 4578: 4574: 4568: 4556:. Retrieved 4552:the original 4531: 4527: 4517: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4333: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4129:(1): 57–70. 4126: 4122: 4112: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4010: 4006: 3995: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3857:(2): 511–6. 3854: 3850: 3840: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3764: 3760: 3750: 3723: 3719: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3586: 3582: 3557:. Retrieved 3553:the original 3543: 3530: 3483: 3479: 3469: 3450: 3422: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3369: 3362: 3343: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3285:10665/365351 3275: 3271: 3232: 3226: 3202:(2): 361–7. 3199: 3195: 3185: 3166: 3143:. Retrieved 3139:the original 3129: 3107:(1): 135–8. 3104: 3100: 3093: 3084: 3064: 3060: 3022: 3018: 3008: 2983: 2979: 2925: 2921: 2896:. Retrieved 2878: 2858: 2811: 2807: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2733:. Retrieved 2728: 2716: 2704:. Retrieved 2697: 2688: 2676:. Retrieved 2662: 2650: 2638:. Retrieved 2627: 2601:. Retrieved 2594: 2543: 2539: 2514:. Retrieved 2510:the original 2503: 2477:. Retrieved 2466: 2457: 2433: 2403:. Retrieved 2392: 2354:– via 2348:. Retrieved 2319: 2273: 2269: 2239: 2158: 2142: 2111: 2098: 2090: 2081: 2077: 2070:as of 2011. 2065: 2062: 2055: 2051: 2042: 1978:Age (years) 1959: 1955: 1951: 1948:Epidemiology 1938: 1927: 1910:solution or 1888: 1885:Disinfection 1871: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1828: 1809: 1778:HPV vaccines 1775: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1723: 1720: 1712: 1686: 1679: 1667: 1655: 1640: 1623: 1585: 1576: 1563:beta-catenin 1545: 1522: 1498: 1459: 1455: 1450:Homo sapiens 1449: 1447: 1394: 1390:desquamating 1379: 1356: 1341:viral capsid 1314: 1284: 1275: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1226: 1209: 1205: 1202:Transmission 1168: 1154: 1151: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1121: 1103: 1092: 1089: 1081: 1074: 1067: 1048: 1037: 1011: 1005: 996: 953: 934: 930: 746:Cancer area 736: 729: 707: 698: 694: 687: 679: 642:Common warts 636: 627: 616: 593: 581: 575: 571: 567: 563: 557: 554:HPV vaccines 551: 432:1, 2, 4, 63 401: 365:carcinogenic 362: 354: 334: 314:HPV vaccines 312: 271: 269: 256: 252: 244: 240: 236: 194: 186: 182: 181: 163:HPV vaccines 150:Risk factors 141: 36: 13497:Carcinogens 13349:Togaviridae 12462:Coronavirus 12203:Common cold 12115:acute viral 12098:Myocarditis 11942:(probable) 11694:Anal cancer 11578:Prostatitis 11484:Hepatitis B 11435:HIV-1/HIV-2 11309:Donovanosis 10585:7 September 10524:J Med Virol 10361:MedlinePlus 10146:(5A): 3–8. 10105:(1): 6–10. 10071:12 February 9830:: 3257939. 9607:21 February 9580:13 November 9550:13 November 9262:28 February 8574:13 November 8295:(1): 31–3. 7278:(1): 8–11. 7180:(10): 497. 6643:10072/44445 6549:24 December 5741:(1): 13–8. 5735:Lung Cancer 4687:: F55–F70. 4558:28 November 2943:2445/122831 2320:Definitions 2138:skin cancer 2114:skin cancer 1806:HPV vaccine 1790:acetic acid 1709:Testing men 1359:basal cells 1191:skin cancer 1165:Skin cancer 1148:Lung cancer 1086:Anal cancer 1018:induced by 976:proteosomal 937:nuclear DNA 830:Anus (men) 646:cauliflower 326:acetic acid 50:Other names 13491:Categories 13393:Herpangina 13006:Buffalopox 12925:Poxviridae 12804:Chickenpox 12589:Urogenital 12455:Astrovirus 12415:Adenovirus 12239:SARS-CoV-2 11996:Poliovirus 11871:meningitis 11597:Urethritis 11554:Cervicitis 11525:Zika virus 11520:Zika fever 11407:Crab louse 11143:Colposcopy 10832:DiseasesDB 10611:6 December 10457:11 January 10418:11 January 9700:23 October 9475:8 February 9292:23 October 8897:30 January 8835:8 February 8660:: 240164. 8636:developed. 8011:23 October 7886:7 November 3400:(2): 177. 3370:StatPearls 2982:(Review). 2898:4 December 2603:18 January 2350:6 February 2183:References 1922:See also: 1918:Management 1900:autoclaved 1898:cannot be 1816:Gardasil 9 1772:Prevention 1604:18 months 1601:12 months 1414:annexin A2 1402:epithelial 1367:epithelial 1213:manual sex 1183:skin cells 1116:See also: 980:cell death 673:Flat warts 663:fingernail 631:stem cells 583:Gardasil 9 552:Available 512:papillomas 460:(lesions) 442:3, 10, 28 438:Flat warts 369:oropharynx 159:Prevention 82:gynecology 13422:Ungrouped 13277:RNA virus 12967:Monkeypox 12747:Cold sore 12671:DNA virus 12500:RNA virus 12481:DNA virus 12473:Hepatitis 12448:Norovirus 12436:Rotavirus 12430:RNA virus 12409:DNA virus 12355:Esophagus 12283:Influenza 12169:RNA virus 12131:DNA virus 11900:RNA virus 11879:DNA virus 11785:RNA virus 11663:DNA virus 11655:Oncovirus 11592:Proctitis 11477:condyloma 11399:Parasitic 11374:Protozoal 11321:Gonorrhea 11293:Chlamydia 11281:Chancroid 11273:Bacterial 11185:Treatment 11166:Koilocyte 11153:histology 11085:Screening 11042:skin tags 11025:Papilloma 10867:eMedicine 10848:240532009 10843:SNOMED CT 10335:18 August 10015:17 August 9880:: 14–26. 9633:29 August 8224:24 August 7553:Q39186071 7537:1431-6730 7235:0027-8874 7196:1424-2818 7174:Diversity 7128:1999-4915 7112:(2): 80. 6743:Structure 5561:(5): 49. 5475:0008-543X 5031:29 August 4751:1061-4036 4703:0264-410X 4243:: c2986. 4200:0304-8608 4145:0092-8674 4088:1471-0080 4035:1095-9203 3559:29 August 2640:11 August 2516:11 August 2405:10 August 2344:229252540 2087:Sri Lanka 1726:off-label 1629:Diagnosis 1598:8 months 1582:Clearance 1533:oncogenes 1444:Evolution 1406:integrins 1386:cytolytic 1230:Perinatal 1223:Perinatal 1016:apoptosis 972:ubiquitin 941:oncogenes 619:cutaneous 605:Papilloma 568:Walrinvax 422:2, 7, 22 411:HPV type 351:HPV types 193:from the 191:DNA virus 173:Frequency 73:Specialty 12984:Vaccinia 12955:Alastrim 12950:Smallpox 12598:BK virus 12401:diarrhea 12245:COVID-19 11987:Myelitis 11445:cervical 11345:Syphilis 11093:Pap test 11073:Gardasil 11068:Cervarix 10923:diseases 10872:med/1037 10718:See also 10707:10572472 10605:Archived 10552:24613222 10544:28661048 10508:29607355 10353:Archived 10329:Archived 10305:17 March 10290:Newsvine 10262:Archived 10203:23728417 10195:16105186 10125:Archived 10121:14982671 10061:STD, HIV 9991:17327523 9941:30694437 9933:23199955 9894:29037457 9856:31687023 9800:25562623 9743:25759476 9694:Archived 9676:12616133 9627:Archived 9574:Archived 9544:Archived 9439:39387099 9431:28165175 9390:20937073 9382:26433493 9346:24500190 9286:Archived 9256:Archived 9232:25249360 9158:Archived 9134:24 March 9128:Archived 9104:23632723 9063:Archived 9059:17380109 9023:24 March 9017:Archived 8993:28796882 8936:Archived 8932:19360985 8891:Archived 8805:18 March 8799:Archived 8774:18 March 8761:20090101 8727:15302958 8686:23533408 8594:Archived 8592:. 2007. 8568:Archived 8540:17955430 8499:17335880 8463:24410167 8455:19066196 8414:16455906 8365:14767822 8319:16461598 8265:15708032 8196:17955427 8155:16421235 8114:16991079 8064:31093365 8005:Archived 7987:37359995 7979:28170086 7938:22422631 7863:12873163 7804:18657037 7763:19411033 7755:20215420 7714:11222093 7692:Virology 7673:19656879 7624:12445661 7549:Wikidata 7545:28315855 7500:16611884 7451:16720315 7394:19430123 7359:23393263 7302:19758676 7272:Virology 7253:27130930 7146:29438321 7083:22035468 7032:21673791 6992:PLOS ONE 6973:23536685 6924:22927980 6884:PLOS ONE 6865:23849159 6857:16174218 6819:20494219 6765:28065506 6724:16985824 6678:Archived 6660:22918855 6652:19697401 6600:16272465 6543:Archived 6509:10616355 6457:Archived 6453:72353975 6403:11548979 6360:Archived 6322:12543621 6281:20570905 6225:17955432 6173:18507898 6124:18507898 6055:23034864 6014:16950018 5914:26543284 5860:18 April 5854:Archived 5832:21178278 5755:19019488 5720:21952627 5587:23718828 5536:38017888 5528:17891052 5493:33426652 5435:21969503 5386:34198821 5378:28108990 5319:25925419 5270:32491893 5262:17179099 5221:10793107 5177:Archived 5166:Archived 5146:18819678 5138:17494927 5069:10856411 5007:15956651 4966:27726787 4906:24983739 4866:PLOS ONE 4847:31465717 4769:32747824 4711:23199966 4662:30955499 4628:(1773). 4603:26312718 4595:23259425 4548:23199960 4509:33495556 4501:17131323 4452:25124771 4403:15734974 4362:16967912 4310:31712160 4302:15860602 4267:20616098 4218:18172569 4153:10647931 4104:71143679 4096:30824861 4053:23393263 3987:27437768 3940:25313082 3881:22440577 3873:20086109 3832:17989183 3783:16291978 3742:27387669 3688:10229596 3652:12865943 3603:16210110 3535:Archived 3531:Medscape 3431:Archived 3414:18614785 3379:28613701 3352:Archived 3335:11090162 3249:16949995 3145:5 August 3121:11172309 3081:15753008 3041:28791831 3000:26610422 2952:12571259 2893:28613701 2838:25957804 2830:25928075 2786:24500190 2735:26 March 2678:18 April 2669:Archived 2634:Archived 2562:23928291 2540:Virology 2473:Archived 2449:Archived 2399:Archived 2336:33085415 2290:24559558 2246:Archived 2155:Research 2034:14 to 59 2026:50 to 59 2018:40 to 49 2010:30 to 39 2002:25 to 29 1994:20 to 24 1986:14 to 19 1838:cancer. 1820:Cervarix 1812:Gardasil 1800:Vaccines 1794:freezing 1745:lavage. 1670:Pap test 1546:in vitro 1495:. 1430:caveolin 1422:clathrin 1410:laminins 1400:infects 1328:Virology 1288:vertical 1155:in vitro 1012:in vitro 875:(women) 577:Gardasil 572:Cervavax 559:Cervarix 502:(mouth) 468:Genital 408:Disease 330:freezing 300:anal sex 284:genitals 93:Symptoms 86:oncology 13481:Viruses 13330:Rubella 13301:Measles 13070:Tanapox 13050:Sealpox 12945:Variola 12774:B virus 12659:viruses 12351:Pharynx 11855:Central 11536:General 11441:Cancer 11412:Scabies 11210:History 11151:Biopsy 11055:Vaccine 11000:plantar 10995:genital 10953:Vaginal 10943:cancers 10931:Cancers 10921:Related 10826:D030361 10753:at the 10662:2827110 10499:5877853 10359:, from 10327:. CDC. 10268:2 March 10237:2 March 10160:9217656 9913:Vaccine 9847:6811952 9791:6457759 9337:4019329 9223:4174682 9181:11 July 8984:6483676 8867:8 March 8677:3603668 8629:4 April 8405:1392697 8310:2563819 8245:Urology 8055:6460765 7929:3801360 7902:2012). 7664:2753102 7491:1472016 7442:1472295 7402:8770549 7350:3899395 7329:Bibcode 7321:Science 7293:2769496 7244:5939630 7137:5850387 7106:Viruses 7074:3226431 7023:3103539 7000:Bibcode 6964:3648114 6915:3425544 6892:Bibcode 6810:3493113 6715:1477576 6591:1287818 6500:1758241 6445:2256864 6395:8389707 6356:8849195 6272:2901391 6216:3904649 6164:2600292 6115:2600292 6063:1316857 5994:Vaccine 5946:11 July 5905:4633077 5823:3835378 5711:3208494 5671:2094038 5663:2537916 5578:4064312 5484:8035131 5426:3221528 5369:8969079 5310:4838063 4897:4077691 4874:Bibcode 4838:7029203 4760:7498180 4681:Vaccine 4653:6501903 4630:bioRxiv 4528:Vaccine 4460:7775411 4411:6643303 4353:1581465 4282:Science 4258:2900549 4209:2249614 4161:1478778 4044:3899395 4015:Bibcode 4007:Science 3979:8221889 3931:4217452 3908:Bibcode 3823:2224590 3696:6560398 3643:1430729 3510:7559948 3233:Vaccine 3218:9466522 2960:1451343 2777:4019329 2108:History 2074:Ireland 1868:Condoms 1559:squames 1479:peptide 1428:and/or 1375:virions 1353: 1311:Surgery 1179:keratin 1132:alcohol 1128:tobacco 912:24,600 909:30,700 906:38,793 858:Vagina 777:12,638 766:10,700 763:11,771 760:Cervix 676:cancer. 667:cuticle 564:Cecolin 505:13, 32 470:cancers 416:Common 308:fomites 296:vaginal 167:condoms 13467:Portal 12974:Cowpox 12936:Ortho. 12894:Gamma. 12692:Alpha. 12015:HTLV-I 11960:Rabies 11810:HTLV-I 11586:either 11548:female 11455:penile 11450:vulvar 11036:Others 10963:Penile 10958:Vulvar 10740:Curlie 10705: 10660: 10653:306572 10650: 10576: 10550: 10542: 10506: 10496: 10201: 10193: 10158: 10119: 10078:2006). 10041:1 July 9989: 9939: 9931: 9892: 9854: 9844: 9798: 9788: 9751:663971 9749: 9741: 9674: 9437: 9429: 9388: 9380: 9344: 9334: 9230: 9220: 9102: 9057: 8991: 8981: 8930: 8759: 8725: 8684: 8674: 8538: 8497: 8461: 8453: 8412: 8402: 8363: 8317: 8307: 8263: 8194: 8153: 8112: 8062: 8052: 8038:: 12. 7985: 7977: 7936: 7926: 7861: 7802: 7761: 7753: 7712: 7671: 7661: 7622: 7585: 7551: 7543: 7535: 7498: 7488: 7449: 7439: 7400: 7392: 7357: 7347: 7300: 7290: 7251: 7241: 7233: 7194: 7144: 7134: 7126: 7081: 7071: 7057:: 19. 7030: 7020: 6971: 6961: 6922: 6912: 6863: 6855: 6817: 6807: 6763: 6722: 6712: 6658: 6650: 6598: 6588: 6535: 6507: 6497: 6451: 6443: 6401: 6393: 6354: 6320: 6279: 6269: 6223: 6213: 6171: 6161: 6122: 6112: 6061: 6053: 6012: 5972: 5937: 5912: 5902: 5830: 5820: 5753: 5718: 5708: 5669: 5661: 5585: 5575: 5534: 5526: 5491: 5481: 5473: 5455:Cancer 5433: 5423: 5384: 5376: 5366: 5317: 5307: 5268: 5260: 5219: 5144: 5136: 5067: 5005: 4964: 4954: 4904: 4894: 4845: 4835: 4767: 4757: 4749: 4709: 4701: 4660: 4650: 4632: 4601: 4593: 4546: 4507: 4499: 4458: 4450: 4409: 4401: 4360: 4350: 4308: 4300: 4265: 4255: 4216: 4206: 4198: 4159: 4151: 4143: 4102: 4094: 4086: 4051: 4041: 4033: 3985: 3977: 3938: 3928: 3879: 3871: 3830: 3820: 3781: 3740: 3694: 3686: 3650: 3640: 3601: 3508: 3501:228335 3498: 3457: 3412: 3377: 3333: 3326:112445 3323: 3247: 3216: 3173: 3119: 3079: 3039: 2998: 2958: 2950: 2891: 2866: 2836: 2828: 2784: 2774: 2706:22 May 2560: 2441: 2342: 2334: 2288: 2149:genome 2037:26.8% 2029:19.6% 2021:25.2% 2013:27.5% 2005:27.4% 1997:44.8% 1989:24.5% 1878:condom 1434:genome 1412:, and 1398:virion 1055:clades 903:Total 873:Rectum 847:1,168 844:Penis 839:1,400 836:1,600 833:1,750 825:2,600 822:3,000 819:3,260 811:1,700 808:2,400 805:3,554 802:Vulva 797:1,600 794:2,000 791:3,100 783:8,000 780:9,100 769:7,800 721:Cancer 714:larynx 566:, and 546:6, 11 510:Mouth 391:, and 385:cervix 381:vagina 373:larynx 217:vagina 209:cervix 138:Causes 120:vagina 112:cervix 97:None, 13134:giant 13059:Other 13017:Para. 12849:Beta. 12611:Mumps 12370:Mumps 12340:Human 11770:MCPyV 11470:(HPV) 11422:Viral 11266:(STI) 11099:stain 10985:Warts 10815:079.4 10812:078.1 10797:B97.7 10747:– ICO 10548:S2CID 10451:(PDF) 10440:(PDF) 10399:(PDF) 10382:(PDF) 10199:S2CID 9937:S2CID 9747:S2CID 9515:(PDF) 9494:(PDF) 9469:(PDF) 9462:(PDF) 9435:S2CID 9386:S2CID 9175:(PDF) 9154:WebMD 8939:(PDF) 8916:(PDF) 8768:(PDF) 8745:(PDF) 8459:S2CID 7983:S2CID 7759:S2CID 7398:S2CID 6861:S2CID 6656:S2CID 6618:(PDF) 6449:S2CID 6399:S2CID 6059:S2CID 5667:S2CID 5532:S2CID 5382:S2CID 5266:S2CID 5142:S2CID 5090:(PDF) 4599:S2CID 4505:S2CID 4456:S2CID 4407:S2CID 4306:S2CID 4157:S2CID 4100:S2CID 3983:S2CID 3877:S2CID 3692:S2CID 2956:S2CID 2834:S2CID 2725:(PDF) 2672:(PDF) 2659:(PDF) 2479:1 May 2340:S2CID 1618:100% 1513:mRNAs 1483:UBE3A 1418:basal 1281:Blood 1255:Hands 1197:Cause 1134:use. 1063:HPV18 1059:HPV16 960:E6-AP 623:warts 597:Warts 418:warts 389:penis 377:vulva 257:HPV11 245:HPV16 241:HPV18 237:HPV16 221:penis 213:vulva 201:warts 124:penis 116:vulva 99:warts 13115:Wart 12325:hMPV 12197:OC43 12193:HKU1 12189:NL63 12185:229E 11843:AIDS 11722:KSHV 11567:male 11460:anal 11430:AIDS 11005:flat 10948:Anal 10837:6032 10821:MeSH 10807:9-CM 10703:PMID 10658:PMID 10613:2008 10587:2020 10574:ISBN 10540:PMID 10504:PMID 10459:2019 10420:2019 10337:2014 10307:2008 10270:2007 10239:2007 10191:PMID 10156:PMID 10117:PMID 10073:2009 10043:2008 10017:2007 9987:PMID 9969:JAMA 9929:PMID 9890:PMID 9852:PMID 9828:2019 9796:PMID 9739:PMID 9702:2015 9672:PMID 9635:2010 9609:2008 9582:2009 9552:2009 9477:2019 9427:PMID 9378:PMID 9342:PMID 9294:2009 9264:2015 9228:PMID 9183:2018 9136:2017 9100:PMID 9082:JAMA 9055:PMID 9025:2017 8989:PMID 8928:PMID 8899:2014 8869:2015 8837:2019 8807:2014 8776:2014 8757:PMID 8723:PMID 8682:PMID 8658:2013 8631:2007 8602:2008 8576:2009 8536:PMID 8495:PMID 8451:PMID 8410:PMID 8361:PMID 8315:PMID 8261:PMID 8226:2012 8192:PMID 8151:PMID 8110:PMID 8060:PMID 8013:2013 7975:PMID 7934:PMID 7888:2018 7859:PMID 7819:EHPV 7800:PMID 7751:PMID 7710:PMID 7669:PMID 7620:PMID 7583:ISBN 7541:PMID 7533:ISSN 7496:PMID 7447:PMID 7390:PMID 7355:PMID 7298:PMID 7249:PMID 7231:ISSN 7192:ISSN 7142:PMID 7124:ISSN 7079:PMID 7028:PMID 6969:PMID 6920:PMID 6853:PMID 6815:PMID 6761:PMID 6720:PMID 6648:PMID 6596:PMID 6551:2012 6533:ISBN 6505:PMID 6441:PMID 6391:PMID 6352:PMID 6318:PMID 6277:PMID 6221:PMID 6169:PMID 6120:PMID 6051:PMID 6010:PMID 5970:ISBN 5948:2023 5935:ISBN 5910:PMID 5862:2017 5828:PMID 5751:PMID 5716:PMID 5659:PMID 5643:Lung 5623:NPIN 5583:PMID 5524:PMID 5489:PMID 5471:ISSN 5431:PMID 5374:PMID 5315:PMID 5258:PMID 5217:PMID 5134:PMID 5065:PMID 5033:2010 5003:PMID 4962:PMID 4952:ISBN 4902:PMID 4843:PMID 4765:PMID 4747:ISSN 4707:PMID 4699:ISSN 4658:PMID 4591:PMID 4560:2019 4544:PMID 4497:PMID 4448:PMID 4399:PMID 4358:PMID 4298:PMID 4263:PMID 4214:PMID 4196:ISSN 4149:PMID 4141:ISSN 4123:Cell 4092:PMID 4084:ISSN 4049:PMID 4031:ISSN 3975:PMID 3959:Cell 3936:PMID 3869:PMID 3828:PMID 3779:PMID 3738:PMID 3684:PMID 3648:PMID 3599:PMID 3561:2010 3506:PMID 3455:ISBN 3410:PMID 3375:PMID 3331:PMID 3245:PMID 3214:PMID 3171:ISBN 3147:2009 3117:PMID 3077:PMID 3037:PMID 2996:PMID 2948:PMID 2900:2019 2889:PMID 2864:ISBN 2826:PMID 2782:PMID 2737:2019 2729:WRHA 2708:2020 2680:2017 2642:2016 2605:2024 2558:PMID 2518:2016 2481:2017 2439:ISBN 2407:2016 2356:NCBI 2352:2021 2332:PMID 2286:PMID 2175:and 2159:The 2145:HeLa 2143:The 1872:The 1818:and 1776:The 1691:and 1615:80% 1612:70% 1492:4GIZ 1350:5KEQ 1130:and 1061:and 898:200 895:200 892:237 884:400 881:500 878:513 867:400 864:600 861:802 853:600 850:700 574:and 393:anus 298:and 282:and 280:anus 263:and 255:and 253:HPV6 239:and 225:anus 128:anus 13296:MeV 13106:HPV 13045:Orf 12795:VZV 12703:HSV 12605:MuV 12574:CBV 12549:HEV 12537:HDV 12525:HCV 12513:HAV 12506:CBV 12487:HBV 12364:MuV 12295:V, 12087:CBV 12056:HSV 12033:Eye 11920:LCV 11906:MeV 11837:HIV 11791:HCV 11736:EBV 11683:HPV 11669:HBV 11513:MCV 10803:ICD 10788:ICD 10738:at 10693:doi 10648:PMC 10640:doi 10532:doi 10494:PMC 10486:doi 10183:doi 10148:doi 10144:102 10107:doi 9977:doi 9973:297 9921:doi 9882:doi 9842:PMC 9832:doi 9786:PMC 9778:doi 9729:doi 9662:doi 9417:doi 9370:doi 9332:PMC 9324:doi 9218:PMC 9210:doi 9206:111 9090:doi 9086:309 8979:PMC 8971:doi 8887:CDC 8753:130 8713:doi 8672:PMC 8662:doi 8526:doi 8522:196 8487:doi 8483:105 8441:doi 8400:PMC 8392:doi 8351:doi 8347:189 8305:PMC 8297:doi 8253:doi 8182:doi 8178:196 8141:doi 8137:163 8100:doi 8096:194 8050:PMC 8040:doi 7965:doi 7924:PMC 7916:doi 7851:doi 7847:127 7790:doi 7786:198 7741:doi 7700:doi 7696:281 7659:PMC 7651:doi 7612:doi 7575:doi 7525:doi 7521:398 7486:PMC 7478:doi 7437:PMC 7429:doi 7382:doi 7345:PMC 7337:doi 7325:339 7288:PMC 7280:doi 7276:394 7239:PMC 7223:doi 7219:108 7182:doi 7132:PMC 7114:doi 7069:PMC 7059:doi 7018:PMC 7008:doi 6959:PMC 6951:doi 6910:PMC 6900:doi 6845:doi 6805:PMC 6797:doi 6793:118 6751:doi 6710:PMC 6638:hdl 6630:doi 6586:PMC 6578:doi 6495:PMC 6487:doi 6433:doi 6383:doi 6308:doi 6304:157 6267:PMC 6259:doi 6211:PMC 6203:doi 6199:196 6159:PMC 6151:doi 6110:PMC 6102:doi 6041:doi 6037:132 6002:doi 5900:PMC 5892:doi 5818:PMC 5808:doi 5743:doi 5706:PMC 5698:doi 5694:105 5651:doi 5647:167 5573:PMC 5563:doi 5516:doi 5512:117 5479:PMC 5463:doi 5459:127 5421:PMC 5413:doi 5364:PMC 5354:hdl 5346:doi 5342:140 5305:PMC 5297:doi 5293:107 5248:doi 5207:doi 5124:doi 5120:356 5057:doi 5053:108 4993:doi 4942:doi 4892:PMC 4882:doi 4833:PMC 4823:doi 4792:doi 4755:PMC 4739:doi 4689:doi 4648:PMC 4640:doi 4626:374 4583:doi 4536:doi 4487:doi 4483:120 4438:doi 4434:234 4389:doi 4348:PMC 4338:doi 4290:doi 4286:308 4253:PMC 4245:doi 4241:341 4237:BMJ 4204:PMC 4188:doi 4184:153 4131:doi 4127:100 4076:doi 4039:PMC 4023:doi 4011:339 3967:doi 3926:PMC 3916:doi 3904:111 3859:doi 3818:PMC 3810:doi 3769:doi 3765:353 3728:doi 3676:doi 3672:120 3638:PMC 3630:doi 3591:doi 3496:PMC 3488:doi 3402:doi 3398:359 3321:PMC 3313:doi 3280:hdl 3237:doi 3204:doi 3200:177 3109:doi 3069:doi 3027:doi 2988:doi 2938:hdl 2930:doi 2926:348 2816:doi 2812:162 2772:PMC 2764:doi 2548:doi 2544:445 2324:doi 2278:doi 2116:in 2068:CDC 1861:FDA 1554:ras 1550:rat 1542:E2F 1529:pRb 1525:p53 1488:PDB 1361:of 1346:PDB 1320:or 1290:or 1215:or 1181:by 992:E2F 956:p53 536:60 526:16 203:or 13493:: 13068:: 13028:: 12301:: 12262:: 12256:, 12179:: 12177:IV 11954:RV 11645:– 11295:, 11095:: 10870:: 10846:: 10835:: 10824:: 10810:: 10795:: 10792:10 10762:, 10701:. 10687:. 10683:. 10656:. 10646:. 10636:15 10634:. 10630:. 10546:. 10538:. 10528:90 10526:. 10502:. 10492:. 10482:29 10480:. 10476:. 10442:. 10428:^ 10368:^ 10323:. 10293:. 10287:. 10260:. 10256:. 10223:. 10205:. 10197:. 10189:. 10179:16 10177:. 10154:. 10142:. 10123:. 10115:. 10103:36 10101:. 10097:. 10085:^ 10075:, 10059:, 9985:. 9971:. 9967:. 9949:^ 9935:. 9927:. 9917:30 9911:. 9888:. 9878:47 9864:^ 9850:. 9840:. 9826:. 9822:. 9808:^ 9794:. 9784:. 9772:. 9768:. 9745:. 9737:. 9725:91 9723:. 9719:. 9670:. 9658:30 9656:. 9652:. 9568:. 9538:. 9527:^ 9517:. 9496:. 9447:^ 9433:. 9425:. 9413:43 9411:. 9407:. 9384:. 9376:. 9366:13 9364:. 9340:. 9330:. 9320:69 9318:. 9314:. 9302:^ 9280:. 9248:. 9226:. 9216:. 9204:. 9200:. 9156:. 9152:. 9120:. 9098:. 9084:. 9080:. 9061:. 9051:56 9049:. 9045:. 9033:^ 9009:. 8987:. 8977:. 8965:. 8961:. 8947:^ 8934:. 8924:84 8922:. 8918:. 8889:. 8885:. 8853:. 8823:. 8797:. 8793:. 8751:. 8747:. 8721:. 8709:85 8707:. 8703:. 8680:. 8670:. 8656:. 8652:. 8633:. 8604:. 8562:. 8556:. 8534:. 8520:. 8516:. 8493:. 8481:. 8457:. 8449:. 8437:85 8435:. 8431:. 8408:. 8398:. 8388:44 8386:. 8382:. 8359:. 8345:. 8341:. 8327:^ 8313:. 8303:. 8293:82 8291:. 8287:. 8273:^ 8259:. 8249:65 8247:. 8234:^ 8212:. 8190:. 8176:. 8172:. 8149:. 8135:. 8131:. 8108:. 8094:. 8090:. 8072:^ 8058:. 8048:. 8034:. 8030:. 7981:. 7973:. 7961:67 7959:. 7955:. 7932:. 7922:. 7912:62 7910:. 7906:. 7857:. 7845:. 7798:. 7784:. 7780:. 7757:. 7749:. 7735:. 7731:. 7708:. 7694:. 7690:. 7667:. 7657:. 7647:83 7645:. 7641:. 7618:. 7608:89 7606:. 7581:. 7561:^ 7547:. 7539:. 7531:. 7519:. 7494:. 7484:. 7474:80 7472:. 7468:. 7445:. 7435:. 7425:11 7423:. 7419:. 7396:. 7388:. 7378:34 7376:. 7353:. 7343:. 7335:. 7323:. 7319:. 7296:. 7286:. 7274:. 7270:. 7247:. 7237:. 7229:. 7217:. 7213:. 7190:. 7178:13 7176:. 7172:. 7154:^ 7140:. 7130:. 7122:. 7110:10 7108:. 7104:. 7091:^ 7077:. 7067:. 7053:. 7049:. 7026:. 7016:. 7006:. 6994:. 6990:. 6967:. 6957:. 6947:87 6945:. 6941:. 6918:. 6908:. 6898:. 6886:. 6882:. 6859:. 6851:. 6841:15 6839:. 6827:^ 6813:. 6803:. 6791:. 6787:. 6773:^ 6759:. 6747:25 6745:. 6741:. 6718:. 6704:. 6700:. 6686:^ 6676:. 6654:. 6646:. 6636:. 6626:81 6624:. 6620:. 6594:. 6584:. 6574:43 6572:. 6568:. 6541:. 6517:^ 6503:. 6493:. 6483:75 6481:. 6477:. 6465:^ 6455:. 6447:. 6439:. 6429:30 6427:. 6423:. 6397:. 6389:. 6379:12 6377:. 6358:. 6348:24 6346:. 6342:. 6316:. 6302:. 6298:. 6275:. 6265:. 6255:19 6253:. 6249:. 6233:^ 6219:. 6209:. 6197:. 6193:. 6181:^ 6167:. 6157:. 6147:14 6145:. 6141:. 6118:. 6108:. 6098:14 6096:. 6092:. 6080:^ 6057:. 6049:. 6035:. 6031:. 6008:. 5998:24 5996:. 5984:^ 5956:^ 5908:. 5898:. 5888:48 5886:. 5882:. 5870:^ 5848:. 5826:. 5816:. 5804:29 5802:. 5798:. 5786:^ 5772:. 5749:. 5739:65 5737:. 5714:. 5704:. 5692:. 5688:. 5665:. 5657:. 5645:. 5621:. 5581:. 5571:. 5557:. 5553:. 5530:. 5522:. 5510:. 5487:. 5477:. 5469:. 5457:. 5453:. 5429:. 5419:. 5409:29 5407:. 5403:. 5380:. 5372:. 5362:. 5352:. 5340:. 5336:. 5313:. 5303:. 5291:. 5287:. 5264:. 5256:. 5244:24 5242:. 5238:. 5215:. 5203:92 5201:. 5197:. 5154:^ 5140:. 5132:. 5118:. 5114:. 5102:^ 5092:. 5077:^ 5063:. 5051:. 5001:. 4989:97 4987:. 4983:. 4960:. 4950:. 4932:. 4914:^ 4900:. 4890:. 4880:. 4868:. 4864:. 4841:. 4831:. 4819:20 4817:. 4813:. 4788:27 4786:. 4763:. 4753:. 4745:. 4735:52 4733:. 4729:. 4705:. 4697:. 4685:30 4683:. 4679:. 4656:. 4646:. 4638:. 4624:. 4620:. 4597:. 4589:. 4579:13 4577:. 4542:. 4532:30 4530:. 4526:. 4503:. 4495:. 4481:. 4477:. 4454:. 4446:. 4432:. 4428:. 4405:. 4397:. 4385:14 4383:. 4379:. 4356:. 4346:. 4332:. 4318:^ 4304:. 4296:. 4284:. 4261:. 4251:. 4239:. 4235:. 4212:. 4202:. 4194:. 4182:. 4178:. 4155:. 4147:. 4139:. 4125:. 4121:. 4098:. 4090:. 4082:. 4072:20 4070:. 4047:. 4037:. 4029:. 4021:. 4009:. 4005:. 3981:. 3973:. 3963:75 3961:. 3957:. 3934:. 3924:. 3914:. 3902:. 3898:. 3875:. 3867:. 3855:19 3853:. 3849:. 3826:. 3816:. 3806:82 3804:. 3800:. 3777:. 3763:. 3759:. 3736:. 3724:65 3722:. 3718:. 3704:^ 3690:. 3682:. 3670:. 3646:. 3636:. 3624:. 3620:. 3597:. 3587:16 3585:. 3569:^ 3529:. 3518:^ 3504:. 3494:. 3484:33 3482:. 3478:. 3442:^ 3408:. 3396:. 3329:. 3319:. 3309:74 3307:. 3303:. 3276:97 3274:. 3257:^ 3243:. 3212:. 3198:. 3194:. 3155:^ 3115:. 3105:32 3103:. 3083:. 3075:. 3065:32 3063:. 3049:^ 3035:. 3023:26 3021:. 3017:. 2994:. 2984:29 2968:^ 2954:. 2946:. 2936:. 2924:. 2920:. 2908:^ 2846:^ 2832:. 2824:. 2810:. 2806:. 2794:^ 2780:. 2770:. 2760:69 2758:. 2754:. 2727:. 2696:. 2667:. 2661:. 2626:. 2613:^ 2593:. 2570:^ 2556:. 2542:. 2538:. 2526:^ 2502:. 2489:^ 2465:. 2447:. 2415:^ 2391:. 2364:^ 2338:. 2330:. 2318:. 2298:^ 2284:. 2274:32 2272:. 2254:^ 2238:. 2191:^ 1944:. 1814:, 1796:. 1490:: 1408:, 1348:: 1072:. 1022:. 562:, 387:, 383:, 379:, 375:, 371:, 360:. 332:. 310:. 267:. 227:, 223:, 219:, 215:, 211:, 165:, 130:, 126:, 122:, 118:, 114:, 84:, 80:, 13469:: 13117:/ 12862:/ 12647:e 12640:t 12633:v 12556:) 12554:E 12552:( 12544:) 12542:D 12540:( 12532:) 12530:C 12528:( 12520:) 12518:A 12516:( 12494:) 12492:B 12490:( 12443:) 12439:( 12398:/ 12353:/ 12285:/ 12277:D 12275:/ 12273:C 12271:/ 12269:B 12267:/ 12254:V 12195:/ 12191:/ 12187:/ 12148:/ 12119:/ 12112:/ 11868:/ 11635:e 11628:t 11621:v 11599:/ 11528:) 11522:( 11516:) 11510:( 11492:) 11486:( 11479:) 11438:) 11432:( 11390:) 11384:( 11365:) 11359:( 11353:) 11347:( 11341:) 11335:( 11329:) 11323:( 11317:) 11311:( 11305:) 11299:( 11289:) 11283:( 11256:e 11249:t 11242:v 11044:) 10974:) 10970:( 10907:e 10900:t 10893:v 10805:- 10790:- 10780:D 10709:. 10695:: 10689:6 10664:. 10642:: 10615:. 10589:. 10554:. 10534:: 10510:. 10488:: 10461:. 10422:. 10401:. 10384:. 10339:. 10309:. 10272:. 10241:. 10185:: 10162:. 10150:: 10109:: 10045:. 10019:. 9993:. 9979:: 9943:. 9923:: 9896:. 9884:: 9858:. 9834:: 9802:. 9780:: 9774:1 9753:. 9731:: 9704:. 9678:. 9664:: 9637:. 9611:. 9584:. 9554:. 9479:. 9441:. 9419:: 9392:. 9372:: 9348:. 9326:: 9296:. 9266:. 9234:. 9212:: 9185:. 9138:. 9106:. 9092:: 9027:. 8995:. 8973:: 8967:8 8901:. 8871:. 8839:. 8809:. 8778:. 8729:. 8715:: 8688:. 8664:: 8578:. 8542:. 8528:: 8501:. 8489:: 8465:. 8443:: 8416:. 8394:: 8367:. 8353:: 8321:. 8299:: 8267:. 8255:: 8228:. 8198:. 8184:: 8157:. 8143:: 8116:. 8102:: 8066:. 8042:: 8036:3 8015:. 7989:. 7967:: 7940:. 7918:: 7890:. 7853:: 7806:. 7792:: 7765:. 7743:: 7737:8 7716:. 7702:: 7675:. 7653:: 7626:. 7614:: 7591:. 7577:: 7555:. 7527:: 7502:. 7480:: 7453:. 7431:: 7404:. 7384:: 7361:. 7339:: 7331:: 7304:. 7282:: 7255:. 7225:: 7198:. 7184:: 7148:. 7116:: 7085:. 7061:: 7055:6 7034:. 7010:: 7002:: 6996:6 6975:. 6953:: 6926:. 6902:: 6894:: 6888:7 6867:. 6847:: 6821:. 6799:: 6767:. 6753:: 6726:. 6706:7 6662:. 6640:: 6632:: 6602:. 6580:: 6553:. 6511:. 6489:: 6435:: 6405:. 6385:: 6324:. 6310:: 6283:. 6261:: 6227:. 6205:: 6175:. 6153:: 6126:. 6104:: 6065:. 6043:: 6016:. 6004:: 5978:. 5950:. 5916:. 5894:: 5864:. 5834:. 5810:: 5757:. 5745:: 5722:. 5700:: 5673:. 5653:: 5589:. 5565:: 5559:5 5538:. 5518:: 5495:. 5465:: 5437:. 5415:: 5388:. 5356:: 5348:: 5321:. 5299:: 5272:. 5250:: 5223:. 5209:: 5148:. 5126:: 5071:. 5059:: 5035:. 5009:. 4995:: 4968:. 4944:: 4938:4 4908:. 4884:: 4876:: 4870:9 4849:. 4825:: 4798:. 4794:: 4771:. 4741:: 4713:. 4691:: 4664:. 4642:: 4605:. 4585:: 4562:. 4538:: 4511:. 4489:: 4462:. 4440:: 4413:. 4391:: 4364:. 4340:: 4312:. 4292:: 4269:. 4247:: 4220:. 4190:: 4163:. 4133:: 4106:. 4078:: 4055:. 4025:: 4017:: 3989:. 3969:: 3942:. 3918:: 3910:: 3883:. 3861:: 3834:. 3812:: 3785:. 3771:: 3744:. 3730:: 3698:. 3678:: 3654:. 3632:: 3626:9 3605:. 3593:: 3563:. 3512:. 3490:: 3463:. 3416:. 3404:: 3381:. 3337:. 3315:: 3288:. 3282:: 3251:. 3239:: 3220:. 3206:: 3179:. 3149:. 3123:. 3111:: 3086:. 3071:: 3043:. 3029:: 3002:. 2990:: 2962:. 2940:: 2932:: 2902:. 2872:. 2840:. 2818:: 2788:. 2766:: 2739:. 2710:. 2682:. 2644:. 2607:. 2564:. 2550:: 2520:. 2483:. 2409:. 2358:. 2326:: 2292:. 2280:: 1424:- 185:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Human papillomavirus infection

Index