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336:, issued a report confirming that Commerce officials had responded to orders from the White House which resulted in the statement issued by NOAA on September 6, 2019. The second of three investigations, the inspector general's examination of the NOAA decision to back Trump's Alabama assertions was the only one that was granted interviews with senior Commerce Department officials and secured access to White House communications. The report concluded: "The Statement undercut the NWS's forecasts and potentially undercut public trust in NOAA's and the NWS's science and the apolitical nature of that science." Gustafson also commented that the scandal could have broader repercussions in 2020 because hurricane-prone states, such as Texas and Florida, are also being heavily affected by the coronavirus pandemic. The House Science Committee is also expected to release a report.
145:(NWS) issued a tweet that contradicted Trump, saying that Alabama "will NOT see any impacts from Dorian". On September 9, NWS director Louis Uccellini said that the Birmingham NWS had not been responding to Trump's tweet, but rather to a flood of phone calls and social media contacts their office had received, asking if the hurricane was going to hit Alabama. "Only later, when the retweets and politically based comments started coming to their office, did they learn the sources of this information," he said. He added that the Birmingham office "did what any office would do to protect the public", counteracting the wrong information to "stop public panic" and "ensure public safety".
288:
issued a partial denial, saying "Secretary Ross did not threaten to fire any NOAA staff over forecasting and public statements about
Hurricane Dorian." Craig N. McLean, NOAA's acting chief scientist, said he would investigate how the resulting September 6 statement was issued. "The content of this press release is very concerning as it compromises the ability of NOAA to convey life-saving information necessary to avoid substantial and specific danger to public health and safety," he said. "I am pursuing the potential violations of our NOAA Administrative Order on Scientific Integrity."
329:
NOAA deputy chief of staff and communications director, twice violated codes of the agency's scientific integrity policy amid their involvement in the NOAA statement. Craig McLean, NOAA's acting chief scientist, who had immediately called for a scientific misconduct investigation after the Sept. 6 statement, commented on the results of the investigation: "If not the single highest person in NOAA, who will stand for the
Scientific Integrity of the agency and the trust our public needs to invest in our scientific process and products?" Both Jacobs and Roberts denied wrongdoing.
179:
198:, Trump displayed the National Hurricane Center's August 29 diagram of Dorian's projected track. The diagram had an oddly misshapen line, apparently drawn with a black marker, which added an additional lobe to the cone of uncertainty of the hurricane's possible path which included southern Alabama. Public reaction ranged from mild skepticism to derision; Trump said he did not know how the map came to be modified. The map incident resulted in the hashtag "Sharpiegate" trending on Twitter – as people alleged that the map was modified by a
108:, the acting NOAA administrator, and Julie Kay Roberts, the former NOAA deputy chief of staff and communications director, twice violated codes of the agency's scientific integrity policy amid their involvement in the NOAA statement. On July 9, the inspector general of the Commerce Department issued a report confirming that Commerce officials had responded to orders from the White House which resulted in the statement issued by the NOAA. A third report was published by the Biden administration's scientific integrity task force of the
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Gustafson said the next day that she was investigating the statement and directed NOAA employees to preserve all communications related to it. In a message to NOAA staff members, she wrote that the NWS "must maintain standards of scientific integrity," adding that the statement called into question "the NWS's processes, scientific independence, and ability to communicate accurate and timely weather warnings and data to the nation in times of national emergency."
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266:(NHC) models "demonstrated that tropical-storm-force winds from Hurricane Dorian could impact Alabama." The statement also said the tweet from the Birmingham NWS office was incorrect because it "spoke in absolute terms that were inconsistent with probabilities from the best forecast products available at the time." The September 6 statement contradicted NOAA's September 1 statement that the "current forecast path of Dorian does not include Alabama."
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called Trump's behavior irrational. "I think we have to face the truth that no one seems to want to admit. This is no longer a case of excessive narcissism or grandiosity. We're not simply dealing with an unusually large ego The president of the United States is seriously, frighteningly, dangerously
269:
The
September 6 statement led to pushback from meteorologists, including from the president of the NWS Employees Organization, who commented that the statement was "political", "utterly disgusting and disingenuous", and with "no scientific basis". The Commerce Department's Inspector General Peggy E.
362:
called Trump "unstable" and said "the world is in danger". "NOAA, an agency built on science and data engineered to provide reliable, impartial information and serve the public interest, wound up purging science and data from its public profile to cover for Trump. This is how good government decays
208:
While Trump had previously been known to use a
Sharpie to write on documents during his presidency and while on the campaign trail, he stated he was unsure who made the alteration on the map. He stated he had "a better map" with models that "in all cases Alabama was hit." Later the same day, Trump
148:
Later on
September 1, Trump told reporters that the storm was indeed threatening Alabama. Over the following days, as the hurricane moved up the coast and Alabama felt no effects from it, Trump insisted repeatedly that he had been right about the hurricane threatening the state. On September 2, he
343:
released "Protecting the
Integrity of Government Science", a comprehensive report in collaboration with 29 separate federal agencies. The findings were structured as a general review of the government's current scientific policies as well as their ability to prevent political interference in the
328:
On June 15, 2020, the first of three investigations that looked into the
September 6, 2019, NOAA statement that backed Trump's false statement about the path of Hurricane Dorian was released. The report found that both Neil Jacobs, the acting NOAA administrator, and Julie Kay Roberts, the former
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of the United States, had called the acting administrator of NOAA, Neil Jacobs, and ordered him to undo the department's apparent contradiction of Trump. Jacobs objected, but was told that the top officials of NOAA would be fired if the disagreement was not resolved. The
Commerce Department later
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forecast updates over the preceding 24 hours showed Dorian steering well away from
Alabama and moving up the Atlantic coast. Trump, who had (on August 29) canceled his trip to Poland to monitor the hurricane, was apparently relying on information that was several days old. About 20 minutes after
379:
The alteration of official government weather forecasts is illegal per 18 U.S. Code 2074, and applies to the
National Hurricane Center under NOAA's National Weather Service. The law states: "Whoever knowingly issues or publishes any counterfeit weather forecast or warning of weather conditions
249:
about the controversy, one internal NOAA email simply wrote "HELP!!!" NOAA acting chief scientist Craig McLean reacted to the unsigned NOAA statement in an email to other NOAA officials; McLean added, "what concerns me most is that this administration is eroding the public trust in NOAA for an
229:
reported that NOAA had twice ordered National Weather Service employees not to provide "any opinion" on Hurricane Dorian and to "only stick with official National Hurricane Center forecasts". The first order came after Trump's September 1 comments and the Birmingham, Alabama National Weather
167:
241:, the White House released more than 1,000 internal NOAA emails on January 31, 2020. In an internal NOAA email, staffer Corey Pieper confirmed to NWS Director of Public Affairs Susan Buchanan on September 4 that the map "was doctored", after the latter received an inquiry from
123:
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In a tweet about the approaching hurricane on September 1, 2019, Trump said that "South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated." By that date, no weather forecaster was predicting that Dorian would impact Alabama, and eight
312:, which has jurisdiction over NOAA, launched an investigation into the Commerce Department's interactions with NOAA regarding Dorian. They are specifically interested in the two directives from NOAA to the National Weather Service and the issuance of the September 6 statement.
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falsely representing such forecast or warning to have been issued or published by the Weather Bureau, United States Signal Service, or other branch of the Government service, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ninety days, or both."
245:. Dr. Neil Jacobs, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Environmental Observation and Prediction, wrote in an email to another NOAA scientist, "you have no idea how hard I'm fighting to keep politics out of science." Responding to an inquiry from
222:
and that the graphic was to be ignored if it caused confusion. Trump also said his briefings had included a "95% chance" that the storm would strike Alabama and that "Alabama was hit very hard – was going to be hit very hard."
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654:"In addition to Florida – South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated. Looking like one of the largest hurricanes ever. Already category 5. BE CAREFUL! GOD BLESS EVERYONE!"
416:"In addition to Florida - South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated. Looking like one of the largest hurricanes ever. Already category 5. BE CAREFUL! GOD BLESS EVERYONE!"
45:
In addition to Florida - South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated. Looking like one of the largest hurricanes ever. Already category 5. BE CAREFUL! GOD BLESS EVERYONE!
344:
future. The report summarized the two previous investigations by NAPA and the Commerce Department into the September 6, 2019, NOAA statement, and discussed ways to prevent the same kind of political interference from occurring again.
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506:
77:, which by then was known not to be under threat from the storm. After many residents of Alabama called the local weather bureau to ask about it, the bureau issued a reassurance that Alabama was not expected to be hit by the storm.
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marker to show the hurricane's track threatening Alabama. He also reportedly ordered his aides to obtain an official retraction of the weather bureau's comment that the storm was not headed for Alabama. On September 6, the
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of Dorian's path. Trump incorrectly asserted "almost all models" showed Dorian hitting Alabama, even though the map showed most simulated paths would not enter that state. A note on the map stated that
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Multiple agencies investigated the possibility that the Trump administration exerted political influence over NOAA, and in June and July 2020, two investigations were completed, one from the
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Over the following week, Trump repeatedly insisted his comment had been correct. On September 4, he showed reporters a weather map which had been altered with a black
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sources say that Ross conveyed the message but did not threaten any firings. Trump denied the report saying, "It's a hoax by the media. That's just fake news".
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115:
The alteration of official government weather forecasts is illegal per 18 U.S. Code 2074, and is punishable by fine or imprisonment or a combination of both.
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371:, published a blog post on the incident, noting that Neil Jacobs was being inappropriately attacked for simply trying to defend his agency.
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902:"NOAA Disputes Its Own Experts, Siding With President Trump Over Hurricane Dorian and Alabama. Here's a Full Timeline of the Controversy"
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President Trump receives an update on Hurricane Dorian on August 29, 2019. This map was later altered to show Dorian impacting Alabama
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Spaghetti plot used by Trump later on the same day to support his assertion that the hurricane was predicted to pass over Alabama.
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1526:"Committee Launches Investigation into Commerce Department's Involvement in NOAA Actions Regarding Hurricane Dorian"
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Service's contradiction of Trump. The second order came on September 4, after Trump displayed the altered map.
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approached the U.S. mainland. Mentioning states that would likely be impacted by the storm, he incorrectly included
1727:
608:"First on CNN: Biden administration tells federal agencies how to safeguard against political influence on science"
540:
1556:"NOAA leaders violated agency's scientific integrity policy, Hurricane Dorian 'Sharpiegate' investigation finds"
1496:"President Trump pushed staff to deal with NOAA tweet that contradicted his inaccurate Alabama hurricane claim"
1399:
1103:
332:
On July 9, 2020, the inspector general of the Commerce Department, Peggy Gustafson, an appointee of President
574:"Investigation rebukes Commerce Department for siding with Trump over forecasters during Hurricane Dorian"
295:
to arrange for NOAA to support Trump's version of events and disavow the Birmingham message. According to
507:"'What I said was accurate!': Trump stays fixated on his Alabama error as hurricane pounds the Carolinas"
93:(NHC) models "demonstrated that tropical-storm-force winds from Hurricane Dorian could impact Alabama."
871:"National Weather Service chief: Forecasters did the right thing in contradicting Trump's Dorian claim"
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174:
President Trump displays the altered map in a video published by the White House on September 4, 2019
133:
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1199:"Newly-Released NOAA Emails Show Anger and Confusion Around Trump's 'Doctored' Hurricane Dorian Map"
1104:"'Make it look rich': Trump told Sharpie to create a custom pen for him to sign important documents"
1840:
1694:"President Trump showed a doctored hurricane chart. Was it to cover up for 'Alabama' Twitter flub?"
1006:"President Trump showed a doctored hurricane chart. Was it to cover up for 'Alabama' Twitter flub?"
368:
246:
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809:"NOAA chief defends unsigned Dorian statement, but praises Alabama office that contradicted Trump"
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On September 11, it was reported that Ross had been told by Acting White House Chief of Staff
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680:"Trump forced to deny personally doctoring hurricane map after sharpie spotted on his desk"
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743:"Trump cancels trip to Poland, says he is staying in the U.S. to monitor Hurricane Dorian"
8:
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apparent political recovery from an ill timed and imprecise moment from the president."
89:(NOAA) published an unsigned statement in support of Trump's initial claim, saying that
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Freedman, Andrew; Dawsey, Josh; Eilperin, Juliet; Samenow, Jason (September 11, 2019).
1462:"Mulvaney pushed NOAA to disavow forecasters who contradicted Trump on Alabama: report"
840:"National Weather Service appears to correct Trump on Hurricane Dorian hitting Alabama"
339:
On January 11, 2022, the Biden administration's scientific integrity task force of the
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Office of Inspector General (OIG). The NAPA report released on June 15 found that both
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1682:. Title 18-Crimes and Criminal Procedures. U.S. Government Publishing Office. p. 457.
1290:"'Sharpiegate': meteorologists upset as weather agency defends Trump's Alabama claim"
974:
1400:"Commerce Chief Threatened Firings at NOAA After Trump's Dorian Tweets, Sources Say"
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1326:"Request for Information Pursuant to the Inspector General Act of 1978, as Amended"
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202:
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1366:"Inspector General investigating NOAA's statement backing Trump on Dorian: report"
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pen – with people posting invented versions of other photos modified by a marker.
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published an unsigned statement in support of Trump's initial claim, saying that
301:, Trump himself told his staff they needed to get the contradiction fixed. The
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775:"Top weather official who defended 'Sharpiegate' makes tearful clarification"
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967:"Trump shows fake hurricane map in apparent bid to validate incorrect tweet"
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933:"Trump's Inaccurate Hurricane Dorian Comments Show His Obsession With Size"
352:
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1135:"Trump Displays Altered Map Of Hurricane Dorian's Path To Include Alabama"
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Flavelle, Christopher; Friedman, Lisa; Baker, Peter (September 9, 2019).
1260:"NOAA backs up Trump's claim that Alabama could be affected by hurricane"
712:"DORIAN Graphics Archive: 5-day Forecast Track and Watch/Warning Graphic"
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195:
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Office of Inspector General of the United States Department of Commerce
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Freedman, Andrew; Itkowitz, Colby; Samenow, Jason (September 7, 2019).
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NHC Advisories and County Emergency Management Statements superseded it
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False or misleading statements by Donald Trump § Hurricane Dorian
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his comment, saying he had been right and the fact-check was "phony".
1587:"Trump is seriously, frighteningly unstable – the world is in danger"
541:"NOAA slams weather service tweet that refuted Trump's Alabama claim"
1431:"Commerce Dept denies report Ross threatened to fire top NOAA staff"
1168:"NOAA staff warned in Sept. 1 directive against contradicting Trump"
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dated August 28, four days before his September 1 tweet, showing a
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A frame from the above video with Trump displaying the altered map.
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Trump administration political interference with science agencies
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30:
1493:
1230:"Trump clings to idea Alabama faced big threat from Dorian"
259:
1692:
Cappucci, Matthew; Freedman, Andrew (September 5, 2019).
1618:"On Trump, Sharpiegate, Turnberry, the Taliban and Chaos"
1139:
1039:"An Oval Office mystery: Who doctored the hurricane map?"
1004:
Cappucci, Matthew; Freedman, Andrew (September 4, 2019).
242:
1165:
1072:"6 memorable times Trump wielded his trademark Sharpie"
476:"Sharpie-gate: Memes mock Trump's doctored weather map"
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Olorunnipa, Toluse; Dawsey, Josh (September 5, 2019).
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781:. Associated Press - Huntsville. September 10, 2019.
568:
566:
443:"Sharpiegate and 120 other Trump attacks on science"
741:Sonmez, Felicia; Kim, Seung Min (August 29, 2019).
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65:, arose from a comment made by then U.S. President
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363:when it's compromised by a cult of personality."
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1530:House Committee on Science, Space and Technology
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630:"Protecting the Integrity of Government Science"
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310:House Committee on Science, Space and Technology
900:Law, Tara; Martinez, Gina (September 8, 2019).
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87:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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356:unstable. And he's getting worse by the day."
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367:, a professor of atmospheric sciences at the
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1616:O'Brien, Timothy L. (September 9, 2019).
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1324:Gustafson, Peggy E. (September 7, 2019).
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98:National Academy of Public Administration
1648:"The Real Victim of Trump's Sharpiegate"
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678:Embury-Dennis, Tom (September 5, 2019).
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1506:from the original on September 12, 2019
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341:National Science and Technology Council
324:Hurricane Dorian wind history from NOAA
211:South Florida Water Management District
110:National Science and Technology Council
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1302:from the original on September 7, 2019
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1197:Madeline Carlisle (February 1, 2020).
1147:from the original on September 5, 2019
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1114:from the original on December 21, 2019
1051:from the original on September 5, 2019
1037:Oprysko, Caitlin (September 4, 2019).
1018:from the original on September 5, 2019
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912:from the original on December 25, 2020
850:from the original on September 4, 2019
722:from the original on September 5, 2019
692:from the original on September 5, 2019
551:from the original on September 7, 2019
453:from the original on November 20, 2020
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414:Donald J. Trump (September 1, 2019).
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1178:from the original on January 22, 2021
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931:Golgowski, Nina (September 3, 2019).
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618:from the original on November 3, 2022
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539:Feldscher, Kyle (September 7, 2019).
517:from the original on January 10, 2022
1860:
1809:Hurricane Dorian–Alabama controversy
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1585:Reich, Robert (September 15, 2019).
1532:. September 11, 2019. Archived from
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596:
465:
441:Carter, Jacob (September 11, 2019).
102:United States Department of Commerce
59:Hurricane Dorian–Alabama controversy
22:
1848:
1460:Budryk, Zack (September 11, 2019).
1133:Naylor, Brian (September 4, 2019).
1084:from the original on March 25, 2023
1070:Frias, Lauren (November 12, 2022).
869:Klar, Rebecca (September 9, 2019).
807:McNamee, Win (September 10, 2019).
118:
16:2019 American political controversy
13:
1893:Trump administration controversies
1704:from the original on June 27, 2023
1654:from the original on June 27, 2021
1566:from the original on July 18, 2020
1429:Wise, Justin (September 9, 2019).
1364:Budryk, Zack (September 9, 2019).
1314:
1228:Benac, Nancy (September 4, 2019).
1209:from the original on April 5, 2020
1096:
965:Smith, David (September 4, 2019).
838:Wu, Nicholas (September 3, 2019).
837:
755:from the original on March 3, 2021
584:from the original on July 16, 2020
14:
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1628:from the original on July 7, 2021
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426:on September 1, 2019 – via
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149:criticized a reporter who had
112:and released in January 2022.
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1673:§ 2074. False weather reports
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194:On September 4, 2019, in the
993:– via theguardian.com.
100:(NAPA) and another from the
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10:
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1898:Presidency of Donald Trump
235:Freedom of Information Act
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635:October 29, 2022, at the
264:National Hurricane Center
134:National Hurricane Center
91:National Hurricane Center
69:on September 1, 2019, as
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628:. See the full report:
369:University of Washington
143:National Weather Service
1760:Meteorological history
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61:, also referred to as
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1298:. September 7, 2019.
652:(September 1, 2019).
482:. September 5, 2019.
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209:tweeted a map by the
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21:
1698:The Washington Post
1560:The Washington Post
1536:on October 12, 2021
1500:The Washington Post
1172:The Washington Post
1011:The Washington Post
748:The Washington Post
578:The Washington Post
298:The Washington Post
227:The Washington Post
139:Birmingham, Alabama
137:Trump's tweet, the
1404:The New York Times
360:Timothy L. O'Brien
326:
285:Commerce Secretary
276:The New York Times
192:
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51:September 1, 2019
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1874:
1767:Effects by region
1650:. June 22, 2020.
1110:. November 2018.
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