786:
192:..Groups of Sunni Arabs that migrated from Oman and the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula to the Iranian side the Gulf, between Bushehr and Bandar Abbas, probably starting in the eighteenth century. They eventually returned to the Arab side, especially after the discovery of oil and the imposition of restrictive economic policies by Reza Shah in the 1930s
794:
334:, Bahrain and the Qatari peninsula and other areas of Eastern Arabia such as Coastal Oman (Modern day UAE). Mainly Sunni Arab maritime families moved due to economic reasons and famine, settling in Southern Iran at different times throughout the 17th to 19th century. They settled on the coasts of Southern Iran.
341:
were forced to drop their Arab surnames in favor of city based surnames when signing up for schools or dealing with the
Iranian state. These policies encouraged many Huwala families to move back to the Arab states of the Gulf, many moving to the UAE, Qatar and Bahrain, who offered them refuge and citizenship.
1089:[Some may ask why? But once you know the first or replaced surname, you will understand the meaning and purpose of the change, transformation and stripping away from it, in an illogical position other than disavowing their origins, families and lineages in the hope of achieving immediate gains.]
828:
526:
It is known that many Achomi sunni families changed their names (especially in
Bahrain), having added Arabic "Al-" (ال) to their names, whilst others completely changed their names. Based on a study in 2013, the researcher noted: the linguistic and religious situation of Sunni Persians in Bahrain is
160:
Although
Huwalas and Achomis have lived in close proximity to each other in Southern Iran, they are genetically dissimilar. Huwalas are relatively recent inhabitants of Southern Iran migrating from Arabia over the past five centuries. However, some have been residing there since the Sassanians, such
349:
Modern Huwala families have a greater proportion of Arab ancestry than
Persian ancestry, with most individuals having Arabian lineage on their paternal side (Y-DNA). They share common paternal ancestors with Arabians from the Arabian Peninsula, and their last shared ancestors typically date back to
278:
in the north, and from the coast of the
Arabian Gulf in the west to the region of the (Shibkoh) mountains in the east. This geographical area is called the Shibkoh (شيبكوه) region, meaning the sloping mountain, and there are no Huwala Arabs according to this description in the regions outside this
527:
thorny and sometimes it is intentionally confused between "Hole\Hawala Arabs" and "Sunni
Persians". The same study also claims that Sunni Achomis did not face any systematic racism. In Achomi/Laristani blogs they claim they changed their names to either avoid racism or easily blend in. There is a
340:
Many families speaking a Gulf dialect of Arabic in Iran before the forced partial
Persianization by the Pahlavi dynasty discouraging and outright banning Arabic being taught in their areas and enacting policies that supported the break up and banning of tribal identification. Many Huwala families
239:
argues that in response to Reza Shah
Pahlavi's policies of centralization, conscription, civil status reforms, and, most important, the forced unveiling of women led to many of the Achomis to follow the Qasimis back to the Arabian Peninsula, further mixing the Huwala's Arabic and Persian roots.
177:
Little is known about the Arab migrants who settled on the
Iranian coast between Bushehr and Lengeh in the late 1500s. They were a disparate group of small tribes of sailors, traders, fishermen, pearl divers, and cultivators. Although they were all referred to as the Bani Hula, they were not a
172:
Huwala (Arabic: الهولة), is a plural Arabic term for Huwali (Arabic: هولي), which is a word derived from the Arabic verb Huwwal (Arabic: حوّل) which means "to change over". A book by
Dejanirah Couto and Rui Loureiro into Portuguese interactions in Hormuz defines Huwala as "migrant Arabs".
310:
The first type consists of the original Arabs who migrated to Southern Iran from Coastal Eastern Arabia during the 16th and 17th centuries, such as the Bani Hammad, Qawasim, Obaildi, and Al-Haram. The first type of Huwalas are now referred to Arab Fāris (عرب فارس) or Arab al-Sāḥil (عرب
263:, Lorimer, David Seton, and others, did not neglect to record for us a huge number of political and social events in the Gulf during the period preceding the period of the recent migration of the inhabitants of the southern Iranian region to the Gulf states during the reign of
388:
Historical sources tell us that the "Al-Hawla Arabs" do not descend from a single tribe, but rather they descend from a union of several specific Arab tribes. We must focus here on the word “specific,” as the tribes belonging to the "Huwala Arabs" are the following
820:
119:, as opposed the majority Persian Twelver Shia and similar to Sunni Peninsular Arabs. Most of the Huwala have remigrated back to the Arabian Peninsula between late 19th century and early 20th century. The imposition of restrictive economic policies by
251:, a tangy Iranian/Achomi cuisine fish sauce was also introduced by the Huwala Arabs to the Arabian peninsula and many associate the sauce with the Achomis. However, the Huwala Arabs do not use the word Mahyawa, they refer to it as Tarih (طريح).
90:
of tribal lineage who initially migrated to Iran in the 13th and 14th century and intermixed with the indigenous population of older Arabic-speaking background. Such migrations continued till around 19th century to the area which is now
531:
in Kuwait. Likewise some sources intentionally (or unintentionally) list non-Arab families are "Huwala Arabs." Additionally; the Arabic Knowledge page used to list non-Arab families as Huwala Arabs, this can be connected to the
224:. The Qasimis remained in control of Bandar Lengeh and surrounding region until 1887, when they were defeated by the British in their self proclaimed “anti-piracy” campaign which Emirati based scholars (including current
516:) in Iran are surprised by the claim of their Arab lineage and completely reject it. As the saying goes, "The people of Mecca know its pathways best," so why do some insist on claiming the "Arabness" of these regions?
157:), but some of them prefer not to be called Huwalas as the term is used for Achomis in the Gulf. On the other hand, Achomis sometimes choose to identify themselves as Huwalas due to societal pressure to assimilate.
219:
acknowledged a fait accompli and recognized a Qasimi as local ruler (farmandar) of Bandar Lengeh. At about the same time the Zands allowed the British East India Company to establish its residency and presence in
138:, Janahi, Khaloori, Zarooni, and Bastaki. It specifically refers to the actual Arab Huwalas (Arab El-Sahel), which encompasses the Qawasem, Hammadi, Al Nasur/Nassour, Obaidli, and Bani Tamim tribes.
1087:قد يسأل البعض لماذا؟ ولكن مجرد أن تعرف اللقب الأول أو المستبدل ستفهم المغزى والهدف من التبديل والتحول والتعري منه، في موقفٍ غير منطقي سوى التبرؤ من أصولهم وعوائلهم وأنسابهم طمعاً في تحقيق مكاسب آنية
232:) argue was a myth used to dominate trade routes to India and Iraq. The Qasimis retreated to the southern coast of the Gulf, and their Iranian domains reverted to nominal rule by Tehran.
267:
at the beginning of the twentieth century AD. We find in these historians a clear description of the identity of the true Huwala Arabs according to geographical and social standards.
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who resided under the rule of the aforementioned tribes and later migrated back with them to Arabia during the 20th century after the invasion by the Iranian government.
235:
The Achomi (Larestani) Iranian population lived on the coast alongside the Qasimis. They prospered under Al Qasimi rule as merchants in pearl trading. Author
164:
Some families of non-Arab origins have adopted the surnames of Arabian Huwala tribes. For example, they are often Hammadi and Marzooqi only in name.
947:
326:
or Ahwazis, according to scholarly consensus and Huwala's own origin narrative, they immigrated from numerous areas of Eastern Arabia, some from
1744:
1005:] (in Arabic). Jalal Khalid Al-Haron Al-Ansari, Ahmed Yousif Al-Obaidly (1st ed.). الدار العربية للموسوعات. 2011. pp. 63–66.
1724:
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is a reasonably large town which is fortifies in the local manner and which has some pieces of artillery. it is inhabited by a tribe of
1729:
598:
Al-Atiqi, Imad, 2019, The Late Arabs of Iran a reading in historical sources before three centuries, Al-Darah, vol 45 no. 3, July 2019
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Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the ... edited by Dejanirah Couto, Rui Loureiro p.93
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Baron van Kniphausen, The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820 By Charles E. Davies, p.173
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Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States
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the last few centuries. This indicates their migration to the southern coast of Iran took place during that period.
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 By William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, C. Melville, P.512
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These historians agree geographically that the Huwala Arabs live in a specific geographical area starting from
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1158:[The Hawala families that settled in the Eastern Province after returning from the coast of Persia].
229:
789:[How can they be a Huwala when they never spoke Arabic and only learned it in the Gulf countries?].
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tribal affiliation, once a major maritime power, took control of southern Iranian coasts and islands around
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Waqai-I Manazil-I Rum; Tipu Sultan's Mission to Constantinople – January 1, 2005 by Mohibbul Hasan, p20
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uniform group. In fact, they were each other's fiercest competitors for access to the pearl banks.
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in the 1930s led to the migration of most of the Huwala back to the Arabian Peninsula.
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Many Huwala are bilingual, speaking both Arabic and Persian throughout their history.
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According to the Saudi historian Jalal Al-Haroon, there are two types of Huwalas:
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Term usually used to refer to Iranian Arabs originating from the Arabian Peninsula
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631:"Iranian and Arab in the Gulf: Endangered Language, Windtowers, and Fish Sauce"
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787:"كيف يكونون هولة وهم لم يتحدثوا العربية اطلاقا ولم يتعلموها الا في دول الخليج"
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The Persian Gulf: The Hula Arabs of The Shibkuh Coast of Iran by Willem Floor
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The Huwala seem to have a different origin to other Iranian Arabs such as
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The original Huwalas are commonly referred to as Arab el-Sahel el-Shargi (
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927:مالك بالطويلة 6 | كيف وصلت القبائل العربية إلى إيران وما هي قصة الهولة
823:[Sunni Ajams in the Gulf did not face racial discrimination].
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University of Durham, Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies
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1156:"عوائل الهولة التي إستقرت في المنطقة الشرقية بعد عودتهم من بر فارس"
657:"Persian (Larestani/Khodmooni) Sunnis – A shaping force in Bahrain"
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913:] (in Arabic) (1st ed.). pp. 13, 16, 18, 20, 22.
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735:[Identity imaginations of “Al-Huwala” in the Gulf].
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1132:"مـنتدى عرب الجزر و الساحل الشرقي للخليج العربي الـرسمي"
905:الهارون, جلال خالد; الأنصاري, جمال خالد الهاورن (2008).
607:
Studia Iranica - Volumes 1-2 و P. Geuthner, 1972 Page 80
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Travels through Arabia, and other countries in the east
82:, sing. Huwali هولي) also collectively referred to as
1120:. University of Michigan Libraries. pp. 144–145.
690:. The University of Arizona. pp. 101, 102, 103.
511:
478:
197:The Persian Gulf in History by Lawrence G. Potter
1711:
821:"العجم السنة في الخليج لم يواجهوا تمييزاً عرقيا"
378:but they do not recognise his authority any more
370:these have been in earlier times subject to the
259:Contemporary historians of that period, such as
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86:, is a blanket term usually used to refer to
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188:Author Lawrence G. Potter defines Huwala as
946:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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855:History of South Persia Laristan and Bastak
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1043:هبان ساحب ابراهيم مايد_نخل جمال(عرب فارس)
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733:"مُتخيّلات الهوية لدى "الهوله" في الخليج"
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314:The second type of Huwalas refers to the
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1177:Huwala/Arab El-Sahel DNA Project
1162:from the original on 2024-09-28.
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851:تاريخ جنوب فارس لارستان و بستك
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472:Al Nasur/Nassour or Al-Mathkur
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737:البيت الخليجي للدراسات والنشر
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230:Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi
1066:الفردان, هاني (2015-02-22).
1040:aref mikaniky (2022-05-19).
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1114:Niebuhr, Carsten (1792).
827:(in Arabic). 2013-09-15.
739:(in Arabic). 2019-09-01.
571:Culture of Eastern Arabia
161:as the Bani Tamim tribe.
149:), or simply Arab Faris (
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130:Achomi families such as
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1025:: CS1 maint: others (
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1541:Related ethnic groups
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115:. The Huwala follows
1605:Proto-Indo-Europeans
1517:Tats of the Caucasus
1068:"موضة تغيير الألقاب"
1052:– via YouTube.
936:– via YouTube.
681:McCoy, Eric (2008).
655:ADMIN (2016-07-19).
279:region, such as the
924:MBC1 (2024-03-29).
857:]. p. 207.
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1600:Indo-Iranians
1598:
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1579:
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1569:
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1553:Bukharan Jews
1551:
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1475:Arab-Persians
1472:
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1470:
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1345:Southern Lurs
1342:
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1248:Baloch tribes
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1220:Ethnic groups
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557:
554:
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546:Arab-Persians
544:
543:
537:
535:
530:
529:similar issue
517:
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213:Bandar Lengeh
210:
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144:
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133:
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113:Bandar Lengeh
110:
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101:Fars Province
98:
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88:Iranian Arabs
85:
77:
73:
65:
61:
56:
53:
49:
44:
39:
19:
1659:Baháʼí Faith
1563:Persian Jews
1522:Tats of Iran
1447:Yidgha–Munji
1362:Mazanderanis
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1126:
1116:
1095:
1086:
1080:. Retrieved
1071:
1047:. Retrieved
1042:
1035:
1002:
998:
931:. Retrieved
926:
919:
910:
906:
854:
850:
844:
833:. Retrieved
824:
799:. Retrieved
790:
745:. Retrieved
736:
683:
676:
665:. Retrieved
634:
612:
603:
594:
585:
525:
483:
471:
466:
462:
457:
453:
448:
444:
439:
436:Bani Obaidel
435:
430:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
400:
394:
387:
358:
348:
339:
336:
321:
305:
281:Bandar Abbas
269:
258:
247:
234:
217:Zand dynasty
206:
191:
187:
176:
171:
163:
159:
140:
125:
105:Bandar Abbas
83:
71:
70:
30:Ethnic group
1669:Manichaeism
1664:Khurramites
1548:Armeno-Tats
427:Bani Hammad
412:Al-Marazeeq
407:Al Marzooqi
324:Khuzestanis
272:Bandar Kanj
117:Sunni Islam
84:Bani Huwala
64:Sunni Islam
52:Gulf Arabic
1714:Categories
1324:Feyli Lurs
1308:Bakhtiaris
1256:Bashkardis
1141:2024-09-25
1082:2024-09-07
1049:2024-09-22
933:2024-09-07
835:2024-09-07
801:2024-09-07
747:2024-09-07
667:2024-09-07
577:References
463:Bani Tamim
454:Bani malik
440:Al-Obaidly
431:Al-Hammadi
422:Bani Bishr
401:Al-Qawasim
1689:Yarsanism
1679:Mazdaznan
1674:Mazdakism
1649:Assianism
1614:Languages
1527:Yaghnobis
1482:Basseries
1431:Oroshoris
1367:Ossetians
1352:Mamasanis
1338:Hasanvand
1021:cite book
696:659750775
507:romanized
449:Al-Harami
396:Al Qasimi
303:regions.
209:Al Qasimi
168:Etymology
128:Larestani
121:Reza Shah
103:, mainly
46:Languages
36:الهُوِلَة
1694:Yazidism
1684:Scythian
1497:Semnanis
1489:Sistanis
1469:Persians
1455:Pashtuns
1424:Badzhuis
1417:Shughnis
1331:Hadavand
1276:Kumzaris
1266:Farsiwan
1261:Dehwaris
1160:Archived
1076:Archived
829:Archived
795:Archived
741:Archived
661:Archived
540:See also
519:—
467:Al Tamim
458:Al-Malki
445:Al-Haram
381:—
345:Genetics
332:Al-Qatif
311:الساحل).
293:Falamarz
195:—
181:—
155:عرب فارس
58:Religion
1558:Hazaras
1512:Talyshs
1502:Shabaks
1404:Pamiris
1315:Shehnis
1294:Yazidis
1242:Balochs
1227:Achomis
509::
498:Persian
389:tribes:
368:Qawasim
366:called
289:Bushehr
261:Niebuhr
249:Mahyawa
244:Culture
226:Sharjah
222:Bushehr
203:History
136:Kandari
1654:Bábism
1593:Origin
1568:Shihuh
1507:Tajiks
1440:Wakhis
1387:Kudars
1373:Digors
1271:Gilaks
1232:Aimaqs
1009:
694:
492:, and
486:Bastak
417:Al-Ali
376:muscat
364:Huwala
328:Tarout
285:Bastak
228:ruler
151:Arabic
143:Arabic
132:Awadhi
80:الهولة
76:Arabic
72:Huwala
18:Huwala
1532:Zazas
1396:Jaszs
1380:Irons
1281:Kurds
1001:[
909:[
853:[
688:(PDF)
490:Khonj
330:near
301:Abdan
297:Ahvaz
109:Qishm
34:Houla
1302:Lurs
1027:link
1007:ISBN
948:link
692:OCLC
513:Evaz
494:Awad
372:imam
99:and
93:Iran
502:عوض
465:or
456:or
447:or
438:or
429:or
410:or
399:or
374:of
360:Zur
299:or
95:'s
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950:)
838:.
804:.
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698:.
670:.
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496:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.