528:
40:
49:
453:
2342:
IBM's recent announcement that it will formally discontinue its PC XT line and eventually phase out its PC AT came as no surprise to many corporate users. William Lowe, president of IBM's Entry
Systems Division in Boca Raton, Fla., told Wall Street analysts on June 30 that the only remaining XT, the
2376:
The new floppy disk-based versions of the PC XT basically just strips the 10MB hard disk from the earlier unit. The machines come with base memory of 256KB and are available in either single or dual 360 KB diskette versions. A single diskette unit with keyboard and 256 KB of main memory is priced at
367:
The XT addressed the problem by adding three extra expansion slots for a total of eight. While the slots themselves are identical to those in the original PC, the amount of physical space in the chassis differs, so two of the new slots (located behind the hard drive) cannot accept full-length cards.
363:
The number of expansion slots in the original IBM PC was a limiting factor for the product, since essential components (such as the video controller, disk controller and printer interface) each came as separate expansion cards and could quickly fill up all five available slots, requiring the user to
376:
The 5161 is an expansion chassis using an identical case and power supply to the XT, but instead of a system board, provides a backplane with eight card slots. It connects to the main system unit using an
Extender Card in the system unit and a Receiver Card in the Expansion Unit, connected by a
398:
The XT was not offered in a floppy-only model for its first two years on the market, although the standard ribbon cable with two floppy connectors was still included. At that time, in order to get a second floppy drive, the user had to purchase the 5161 expansion chassis.
443:
is 130 watts, an upgrade from the original PC. Those sold in the US were configured for 120 V AC only and could not be used with 240 V mains supplies. XTs with 240 V-compatible power supplies were later sold in international markets. Both were rated at 130 watts.
364:
swap cards in and out as tasks demanded. Some PC clones addressed this problem by integrating components into the motherboard to free up slots, while peripheral manufacturers produced products which integrated multiple functions into one card.
316:
The XT was regarded as an incremental improvement over the PC and a disappointment compared to the next-generation successor that some had anticipated. Compared to the original IBM PC, the XT has the following major differences:
2377:$ 2,270, while the dual diskette version is priced at $ 2,570. A fully configured PC XT with 256 KB of RAM, a 360 KB diskette, keyboard, monochrome monitor and adapter, and operating system comes in at about $ 2,860.
417:
The XT has a desktop case similar to that of the IBM PC. It weighs 32 pounds (15 kg) and is approximately 19.5 inches (50 cm) wide by 16 inches (41 cm) deep by 5.5 inches (14 cm) high.
491:
Submodels 267, 277 and 088 had the original keyboard, but 3.5" floppy drives became available and 20MB Seagate ST-225 hard disks in 5.25" half-height size replaced the full-height 10 MB drives.
380:
The
Expansion Unit can also contain extra memory, but the Extender card inserts wait states for memory in the Expansion Unit, so it may be preferable to install memory into the main system unit.
1709:
PC. The latter two companies were sued by IBM and settled out of court, agreeing to re-implement their BIOS in a way that did not violate IBM's copyrights. AT&T, who owned a 25% share of
436:
or other software that required large amounts of arithmetical calculations. Only software that was especially written to take advantage of the coprocessor would show a significant speedup.
556:
It shipped with 640 KB RAM standard, an AT-style 1.2 MB high-density diskette drive and a 20 MB hard disk. Despite these features, reviews rated it as a poor market value.
1717:
in June 1984, which was a re-branded version of the
Olivetti M24. The PC 6300 offered the 16-bit 8086 clocked at a faster 8 MHz speed that was technically superior to IBM's PC XT.
1677:
The XT was well received, although PC DOS 2.0 was regarded as a greater improvement than any of the hardware changes, and by the end of 1983 IBM was selling every unit they made.
1746:
1689:
also came out in March 1983, and would prove a popular competitor. Sometimes called the "first PC clone" and first "legal clone", that distinction may go to another offering:
1781:
488:
Submodels 268, 278 and 089 came with 101-key keyboards (essentially the IBM Model M, but in a modified variant that used the XT's keyboard protocol and lacked LEDs).
2343:
XT 286, will be discontinued within three months and that IBM is working with dealers and large accounts to determine how many more ATs it will make to fill orders.
1782:
1777:
1774:
2904:
1792:
1769:
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format, providing 180K/360K (single- vs. dual-sided) capacity per disk, compared to the 160K/320K provided by the 8-sector format of previous releases.
1787:
1779:
300:
IBM did not specify an expanded form of "XT" on the machine, press releases, brochures or documentation, but some publications expanded the term as "
2785:
2616:
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4104:
1815:
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1765:
368:
In addition, the spacing of the slots is narrower than in the original PC, making it impossible to install some multi-board cards.
1836:
1760:
570:
served as the direct replacement for the XT in that PS/2 line. Unlike higher-end entries in the PS/2 line, which feature the
2952:
2875:
583:
268:
2423:
4099:
1897:
1763:
549:, this system runs many applications faster than the ATs of the time with 6 MHz 286 processors, since it has zero-
3934:
2697:
2742:
2721:
2239:
2050:
527:
474:
Submodel 068 and 078, released in 1985, offered dual-floppy configurations without a hard drive as well, and the new
2709:
1761:
3975:
2868:
1783:
1768:
2672:
4026:
3960:
3203:
2809:
2091:
Personal
Computer Family Service Information Manual (January 1989), IBM document SA38-0037-00, pages 8-1 to 8-2
2024:
Personal
Computer Family Service Information Manual (January 1989), IBM document SA38-0037-00, pages 7-1 to 7-3
1770:
1632:
1578:
1522:
1466:
1409:
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1183:
1128:
1073:
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963:
908:
853:
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743:
688:
178:
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559:
The XT 286 uses a 157-watt power supply, which can internally switch between 115 or 230 V AC operation.
479:
2974:
1560:
1504:
1448:
440:
2523:
3218:
3213:
3208:
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1772:
2079:
Personal
Computer Family Service Information Manual (January 1989), IBM document SA38-0037-00, page 14-1
1785:
1780:
1767:
1766:
4053:
3980:
3141:
2070:
Personal
Computer Family Service Information Manual (January 1989), IBM document SA38-0037-00, page 6-2
571:
1788:
1771:
4109:
3970:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
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3538:
3533:
3525:
3265:
1789:
1773:
475:
17:
3939:
2991:
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1790:
546:
248:
2229:
1776:
3995:
3034:
3024:
2201:
146:
3435:
3430:
485:
In 1986, the 256–640 KB motherboard models were launched, which switched to half-height drives.
4058:
3965:
3868:
3258:
1690:
495:
196:
182:
2759:
2685:
2100:
1986:
432:. This optional chip, when installed, greatly accelerated arithmetic for such applications as
3253:
2947:
1937:
433:
285:
235:
3290:
2538:
2488:
2452:
2359:
2329:
377:
custom cable. The 5161 shipped with a 10 MB hard drive, and had room for a second one.
39:
3985:
3171:
3166:
3079:
3074:
2402:"Product blitz may signal more aggressive IBM: firm ups ante for the makers of compatibles"
2401:
2263:
2124:
292:
and extra expansion slots, it is very similar to the original IBM PC model 5150 from 1981.
136:
562:
Both the original XT and the XT/286 was discontinued in late 1987 after the launch of the
348:
8:
3901:
1706:
1698:
383:
The 5161 can be connected to either an XT or to the earlier 5150 (the original IBM PC).
4031:
3245:
2827:
Personal
Computer Hardware Reference Library: Guide to Operations, Personal Computer XT
2185:(4.0 ed.). International Business Machines Corporation. April 6, 1987 – via
1974:
411:
4073:
4021:
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3054:
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3044:
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2738:
2235:
2128:
2046:
567:
335:
254:
79:
3285:
2007:
1920:
1878:
1384:
Without fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384 KB in June 1984
4046:
4041:
3774:
3660:
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3630:
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1694:
407:
119:
2646:
2118:
341:
4036:
3911:
2755:
1710:
1693:' MPC 1600 "Multi Personal Computer", in June 1982. Other "clones" included the
1686:
1441:
With fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384 KB in June 1984
331:
289:
3297:
1702:
574:
expansion bus, the Model 30 contains 8-bit ISA bus slots, exactly like the XT.
513:
co-processor board existed as well, but it had its own System Unit number, the
425:
2297:
421:
Similarly to the original IBM PC, the XT main board included a socket for the
4093:
3146:
2132:
1905:
1810:
468:
1904:. Vol. 4, no. 10. Wired Ventures. pp. 110–127. Archived from
3944:
3929:
3670:
3665:
3156:
2591:
2327:
1714:
2735:
Knights of the New
Technology: The Inside Story of Canada's Computer Elite
3906:
3302:
3161:
2969:
2860:
2328:
Bridges, Linda; Laura Brennan; Jim Forbes; Bruce Stephen (July 7, 1987).
1644:
1391:
1334:
1277:
1222:
542:
464:
429:
392:
4078:
3151:
3109:
1590:
1534:
1478:
1421:
1364:
1307:
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1140:
1085:
1030:
975:
920:
865:
810:
755:
700:
550:
506:
422:
288:
line, released on March 8, 1983. Except for the addition of a built-in
192:
151:
4016:
3116:
2186:
403:
124:
4068:
4011:
3990:
3312:
3198:
3193:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3029:
3019:
2986:
2937:
563:
510:
2840:
330:
A 10 MB hard drive is included as standard equipment, with a
48:
2673:"History of the Microprocessor and the Personal Computer, Part 3"
2179:
IBM Personal System/2 and IBM Personal Computer Product Reference
545:
processor. Despite being marketed as a lower-tier model than the
505:; they had an additional (co-)processor board that could execute
452:
2489:"IBM Takes Wraps off Two Micros Capable of Accessing Mainframes"
2981:
2433:. Datapro: C21-491-101. January 1984 – via Bitsavers.org.
502:
355:
Otherwise the specifications are identical to the original PC.
128:
1759:
4063:
1938:"Leading Edge: Superior Value In IBM-PC Clone Market Contest"
321:
The number of expansion slots is increased from five to eight
139:
132:
2522:. New Statesman Media Group. April 13, 1987. Archived from
2453:"3270 emulation board makers, beware! IBM is aiming at you"
2116:
1816:
PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes#Personal Computer XT/370
1270:
Without printer adapter, fixed disk adapter, and keyboard
2891:
2539:"4 PC suppliers add 286 units in battle with compatibles"
1627:
1622:
1573:
1568:
1517:
1512:
1461:
1456:
1404:
1399:
1347:
1342:
1290:
1285:
1233:
1178:
1173:
1123:
1118:
1068:
1063:
1013:
1008:
958:
953:
903:
898:
848:
843:
793:
788:
738:
733:
683:
678:
456:
IBM PC/XT 5160 dual floppy drives with 5153 Color Monitor
69:
2724:, By John Schaefer, Page 66, January 30, 1984, InfoWorld
2700:, By Russ Adams, Page 132, November 28, 1983, InfoWorld
2499:(43). IDG Publications: 1, 10 – via Google Books.
501:
Submodels 568, 588, and 589 were used as basis for the
2712:, By David Needle, Page 5, January 31, 1983, InfoWorld
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
410:. The XT BIOS also displays a memory count during the
2537:
Ristelhueber, Robert; Ira Sager (September 8, 1986).
2536:
2760:"Eagles, Text Editors, New Compilers, and Much More"
1798:
Asterisk (*) denotes a model released in Japan only
2471:
2431:Distributed Processing & Intelligent Tennlnals
2212:(12). Ziff-Davis: 90–102 – via Google Books.
1912:
1918:
1885:. Vol. 8, no. 5. May 1983. p. 520.
327:2x32KB ROM ICs replace the previous 5x8KB ROM ICs
4091:
2841:IBM 5160 information at www.minuszerodegrees.net
2424:"IBM 3770 Family Batch Communications Terminals"
2264:"IBM Slashes PC Prices, Adds Memory; Drops 64KB"
1963:Inc, InfoWorld Media Group (November 14, 1983).
1160:Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
1050:Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
940:Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
2688:, By Bill Machrone, Page 451, June 1983, PC Mag
2274:(1501). Sage Publications: 24 – via Gale.
1879:"IBM Unveils Top-of-the-Line Personal Computer"
1327:Without printer adapter and fixed disk adapter
2330:"PC managers regrouping after XT, AT closeout"
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2117:InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. (March 23, 1987).
2876:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2223:
2221:
2219:
1929:
1740:
324:Base RAM is increased to at least 128 KB
2530:
2261:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
541:(model 5162) was released with a 6 MHz
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2308:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2045:(2nd ed.). Que Books. pp. 59–79.
1935:
1922:IBM Personal Computer Questions and Answers
494:Submodel 788 was the only XT sold with the
2890:
2883:
2869:
2516:"IBM Gives Up on the Personal XT/, AT/370"
2510:
2508:
2506:
2278:
2248:
2216:
2014:. Vol. 8, no. 11. November 1983.
1834:
1747:
1733:
526:
47:
38:
2754:
2647:"Compaq puts out First Legal Clone Claim"
2193:
2027:
1854:Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 10th Edition
1680:
654:
509:instructions. An XT-based machine with a
471:emulation, was released in October 1983.
447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2399:
2382:
2353:
2351:
2139:
2110:
2087:
2085:
2066:
2064:
2062:
1835:Enterprise, I. D. G. (August 11, 1986).
482:became available as video card options.
451:
27:Personal computer model released in 1983
2503:
2360:"IBM moves to reduce PC XT inventories"
2227:
2199:
2123:. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. pp.
2040:
659:
402:Like the original PC, the XT came with
14:
4105:Computer-related introductions in 1983
4092:
2563:
2486:
2340:(27). Ziff-Davis: 4 – via Gale.
2295:
1895:
1728:Timeline of the IBM Personal Computer
460:IBM made several submodels of the XT.
2864:
2564:Archer, Rowland Jr. (November 1983).
2450:
2437:
2412:(14). Ziff-Davis: 1 – via Gale.
2357:
2348:
2082:
2059:
1705:'s Eagle 1600 that September and the
351:for the cassette interface is removed
195:1-channel square-wave/1-bit digital (
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1889:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
584:List of IBM Personal Computer models
269:List of IBM Personal Computer models
2851:XT with 256 KB on system board
1962:
598:
577:
24:
3940:ThinkPad 240 with Transmeta Crusoe
2298:"I.B.M. Optimistic on Newest PC's"
2296:Sanger, David E. (June 24, 1987).
358:
25:
4121:
2912:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
2834:
2244:– via the Internet Archive.
1993:
1936:Freeze, Ken (December 16, 1985).
1864:
386:
371:
3976:Professional Graphics Controller
2698:Hardware:Review:Seequa Chameleon
2451:Libes, Sol (February 28, 1984).
589:IBM Personal Computer XT models
467:, a variant of the XT featuring
284:) is the second computer in the
280:(model 5160, often shortened to
2803:
2778:
2748:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2679:
2665:
2639:
2609:
2584:
2557:
2487:Henkel, T. (October 24, 1983).
2416:
2400:Whitmore, Sam (April 8, 1986).
2094:
2073:
1215:Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
1105:Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
995:Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
4027:Industry Standard Architecture
2262:Staff writer (June 11, 1984).
2018:
1956:
1845:
1828:
620:
612:
566:(PS/2) line. The 8086-powered
13:
1:
2200:Sandler, Corey (April 1983).
1969:. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.
1821:
480:Professional Graphics Adapter
391:PC DOS 2.0 offers a 9-sector
2592:"Compaq I Portable computer"
2566:"The IBM PC XT and DOS 2.00"
2358:Sager, Ira (April 8, 1985).
1896:Barkow, Tim (October 1996).
1672:
215:W: 19.5 in (50 cm)
7:
2810:EAGLE'S BATTLE FOR SURVIVAL
2792:, p. 50, July 18, 1983
2231:Upgrading and Repairing PCs
2043:Upgrading and Repairing PCs
1804:
1720:
311:
217:H: 5.5 in (14 cm)
10:
4126:
4100:X86 IBM personal computers
3981:Multi-Color Graphics Array
3961:Monochrome Display Adapter
2905:Influence on the PC market
2829:. IBM Part Number 6936831.
2304:: D4 – via ProQuest.
2202:"IBM Drops the First Shoe"
1919:Dievendorff, Dick (1981).
581:
414:, unlike the original PC.
219:D: 16 in (41 cm)
4004:
3971:Enhanced Graphics Adapter
3953:
3922:
3894:
3861:
3803:
3725:
3679:
3611:
3583:
3524:
3474:
3454:
3414:
3364:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3238:
3229:
3186:
3012:
2930:
2921:
2899:
2737:, Key Porter Books, 1983
520:
476:Enhanced Graphics Adapter
264:
241:
231:
223:
211:
203:
188:
174:
166:
162:128 KB – 640 KB
158:
145:
118:
103:
85:
75:
65:
55:
46:
37:
2722:Review Responses: Seequa
2520:Computer Business Review
2370:. Sage Publications: 24
278:IBM Personal Computer XT
249:IBM Personal Computer AT
170:10–20 MB hard drive
33:IBM Personal Computer XT
3996:Extended Graphics Array
2549:. Sage Publications: 1
2228:Mueller, Scott (1994).
2101:"The AT Clone from IBM"
2041:Mueller, Scott (1992).
498:as a standard feature.
295:
227:32 lb (15 kg)
3966:Color Graphics Adapter
2786:"Corona advertisement"
2621:www.modernmechanix.com
2617:"First PC Clone Claim"
2526:on September 20, 2023.
1691:Columbia Data Products
1681:Clones and competition
496:Color Graphics Adapter
457:
448:Revisions and variants
91:; 41 years ago
3266:PS/2 Note and PS/note
2710:The Chameleon mystery
2463:(28). Ziff-Davis: 25
2234:(4th ed.). Que.
1925:. IBM. pp. 9–10.
1908:on November 12, 2015.
1860:. 1998. p. 1115.
1209:two 360 KB
1154:two 360 KB
879:two 360 KB
564:IBM Personal System/2
455:
434:computer aided design
286:IBM Personal Computer
236:IBM Personal Computer
3986:Video Graphics Array
2596:www.oldcomputers.net
1898:"The Bottom Feeders"
257:(direct replacement)
3025:Industrial Computer
2686:Aboard the Columbia
2653:. December 22, 2016
2008:"Inside the IBM PC"
647:Maximum onboard RAM
590:
302:eXtended Technology
34:
4059:Music Feature Card
2894:personal computers
2758:(September 1983).
2572:. pp. 294–304
2374:– via Gale.
2302:The New York Times
2107:, January 13, 1987
1985:has generic name (
588:
458:
89:March 8, 1983
32:
4087:
4086:
4022:IBM PC compatible
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3577:
3576:
3234:
3182:
3181:
2846:Photo galleries:
2553:– via Gale.
2467:– via Gale.
1841:. IDG Enterprise.
1802:
1801:
1670:
1669:
640:Stock onboard RAM
568:IBM PS/2 Model 30
274:
273:
255:IBM PS/2 Model 30
80:Personal computer
61:IBM XT, PC/XT, XT
16:(Redirected from
4117:
4110:16-bit computers
3935:Power Series 600
3581:
3580:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3236:
3235:
3233:
2928:
2927:
2914:
2907:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2756:Pournelle, Jerry
2752:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2623:. Archived from
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2512:
2501:
2500:
2484:
2469:
2468:
2448:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2397:
2380:
2379:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2325:
2306:
2305:
2293:
2276:
2275:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2174:
2137:
2136:
2114:
2108:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2057:
2056:
2038:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1715:AT&T PC 6300
1695:Seequa Chameleon
1629:
1624:
1575:
1570:
1519:
1514:
1463:
1458:
1406:
1401:
1349:
1344:
1292:
1287:
1235:
1180:
1175:
1125:
1120:
1070:
1065:
1015:
1010:
960:
955:
905:
900:
850:
845:
795:
790:
740:
735:
685:
680:
661:
656:
651:
644:
637:
622:
614:
600:
591:
587:
578:Comparison table
530:
120:Operating system
114:
112:
99:
97:
92:
58:
51:
42:
35:
31:
21:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4000:
3949:
3918:
3902:Palm Top PC 110
3882:
3873:
3857:
3799:
3721:
3675:
3607:
3573:
3520:
3491:701 "Butterfly"
3470:
3450:
3410:
3360:
3307:
3225:
3178:
3008:
2923:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2889:
2837:
2832:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2753:
2749:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2627:on May 14, 2021
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2558:
2543:Electronic News
2535:
2531:
2514:
2513:
2504:
2485:
2472:
2449:
2438:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2398:
2383:
2364:Electronic News
2356:
2349:
2326:
2309:
2294:
2279:
2268:Electronic News
2260:
2249:
2242:
2226:
2217:
2198:
2194:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2140:
2115:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2060:
2053:
2039:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2006:
2005:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1894:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1807:
1793:
1791:
1753:
1723:
1713:, released the
1687:Compaq Portable
1683:
1675:
649:
648:
642:
641:
635:
634:
632:
624:
616:
606:Date withdrawn
603:Date announced
586:
580:
535:
534:
533:
523:
450:
389:
374:
361:
359:Expansion slots
332:disk controller
314:
298:
260:
218:
216:
154:@ 4.77 MHz
110:
108:
107:April 1987
95:
93:
90:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4034:
4032:IntelliStation
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3954:Video hardware
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:Model 425/425C
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3209:PS/2 portables
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3035:list of models
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2953:list of models
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2925:
2924:and all-in-one
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2835:External links
2833:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2802:
2777:
2747:
2733:David Thomas,
2726:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2675:. May 8, 2020.
2664:
2638:
2608:
2583:
2556:
2529:
2502:
2470:
2436:
2415:
2381:
2347:
2307:
2277:
2247:
2240:
2215:
2192:
2138:
2109:
2093:
2081:
2072:
2058:
2051:
2026:
2017:
1992:
1955:
1928:
1911:
1888:
1863:
1844:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1703:Eagle Computer
1682:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1625:
1623:September 1986
1620:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
973:
970:
967:
961:
956:
951:
948:
944:
943:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
918:
915:
912:
906:
901:
896:
893:
889:
888:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
863:
860:
857:
851:
846:
841:
838:
834:
833:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
808:
805:
802:
796:
791:
786:
783:
779:
778:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
753:
750:
747:
741:
736:
731:
728:
724:
723:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
698:
695:
692:
686:
681:
676:
673:
669:
668:
665:
662:
657:
652:
645:
638:
629:
626:
618:
610:
607:
604:
601:
595:
579:
576:
531:
525:
524:
522:
519:
449:
446:
426:floating point
388:
387:Other features
385:
373:
372:Expansion unit
370:
360:
357:
353:
352:
345:
339:
328:
325:
322:
313:
310:
297:
294:
272:
271:
266:
262:
261:
259:
258:
252:
245:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
190:
186:
185:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
149:
143:
142:
122:
116:
115:
105:
101:
100:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4122:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:Micro Channel
4052:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:Single models
2929:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2806:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2766:. p. 307
2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2743:0-919493-16-5
2740:
2736:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2498:
2494:
2493:Computerworld
2490:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2447:
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572:Micro Channel
569:
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537:In 1986, the
532:XT 286 badge
529:
518:
516:
512:
508:
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499:
497:
492:
489:
486:
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481:
477:
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469:3270 terminal
466:
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84:
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68:
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60:
57:Also known as
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
3526:Power Series
3476:
3456:
3416:
3366:
3331:
3250:PS/2 Laptop
3239:pre-ThinkPad
2959:
2845:
2826:
2825:IBM (1983).
2805:
2794:, retrieved
2789:
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2763:
2750:
2734:
2729:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2681:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2650:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2620:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2569:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2524:the original
2519:
2496:
2492:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2430:
2418:
2409:
2405:
2375:
2371:
2367:
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2341:
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2230:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2178:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2075:
2042:
2020:
2011:
1965:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1944:. p. 43
1941:
1931:
1921:
1914:
1906:the original
1901:
1891:
1882:
1853:
1847:
1837:
1830:
1684:
1676:
1658:1.2 MB
1655:640 KB
1652:640 KB
1628:October 1987
1604:360 KB
1601:640 KB
1598:256 KB
1569:October 1984
1548:360 KB
1545:640 KB
1542:256 KB
1513:October 1984
1492:360 KB
1489:640 KB
1486:256 KB
1457:October 1984
1435:360 KB
1432:640 KB
1429:320 KB
1400:October 1983
1378:360 KB
1375:640 KB
1372:320 KB
1343:October 1983
1321:360 KB
1318:640 KB
1315:256 KB
1286:October 1983
1264:360 KB
1261:640 KB
1258:256 KB
1206:640 KB
1203:256 KB
1151:640 KB
1148:256 KB
1099:360 KB
1096:640 KB
1093:256 KB
1044:360 KB
1041:640 KB
1038:256 KB
989:360 KB
986:640 KB
983:512 KB
934:360 KB
931:640 KB
928:512 KB
876:640 KB
873:256 KB
824:360 KB
821:640 KB
818:256 KB
769:360 KB
766:640 KB
763:256 KB
714:360 KB
711:640 KB
708:128 KB
561:
558:
555:
538:
536:
500:
493:
490:
487:
484:
473:
462:
459:
441:power supply
438:
420:
416:
401:
397:
390:
382:
379:
375:
366:
362:
354:
315:
305:
301:
299:
281:
277:
275:
251:(next model)
104:Discontinued
86:Release date
66:Manufacturer
29:
3246:Convertible
3204:Portable PC
3162:ThinkCentre
2745:pp. 172-179
2206:PC Magazine
2105:PC Magazine
1983:|last=
1661:20 MB
1645:Intel 80286
1607:10 MB
1551:10 MB
1438:10 MB
992:20 MB
937:20 MB
772:10 MB
717:10 MB
543:Intel 80286
430:coprocessor
428:arithmetic
393:floppy disk
344:is included
304:" or just "
232:Predecessor
207:120/240 VAC
131:2.0-3.20 /
4094:Categories
4079:ThinkLight
3923:Prototypes
3298:PS/55 Note
3137:ValuePoint
2943:DataMaster
1822:References
1591:Intel 8088
1574:April 1987
1535:Intel 8088
1518:April 1987
1479:Intel 8088
1462:April 1987
1422:Intel 8088
1365:Intel 8088
1308:Intel 8088
1251:Intel 8088
1196:Intel 8088
1174:April 1986
1141:Intel 8088
1119:April 1986
1086:Intel 8088
1064:April 1986
1031:Intel 8088
1009:April 1986
976:Intel 8088
954:April 1986
921:Intel 8088
899:April 1986
866:Intel 8088
844:April 1985
811:Intel 8088
789:April 1985
756:Intel 8088
701:Intel 8088
679:March 1983
628:Processor
582:See also:
551:wait state
507:System/370
423:Intel 8087
342:PC DOS 2.0
334:featuring
290:hard drive
212:Dimensions
193:PC speaker
152:Intel 8088
96:1983-03-08
4037:Keyboards
4017:IBM BASIC
3869:TransNote
3147:PC Series
2790:InfoWorld
2187:Bitsavers
2133:0199-6649
2120:InfoWorld
1975:cite book
1966:InfoWorld
1942:InfoWorld
1673:Reception
1635:, 16-bit
1619:5162-286
1565:5160-589
1509:5160-588
1453:5160-568
1405:July 1987
1396:5271-006
1348:July 1987
1339:5271-004
1291:July 1987
1282:5271-002
1234:July 1987
1230:Unknown
1227:5271-000
1179:June 1987
1170:5160-278
1124:June 1987
1115:5160-277
1069:June 1987
1060:5160-268
1014:June 1987
1005:5160-267
959:June 1987
950:5160-089
904:June 1987
895:5160-088
849:June 1987
840:5160-078
794:June 1987
785:5160-068
739:June 1987
734:June 1984
730:5160-086
684:June 1984
675:5160-087
404:IBM BASIC
349:5-pin DIN
242:Successor
199:-capable)
125:IBM BASIC
18:IBM PC/XT
4074:UltraBay
4012:IBM 5151
3991:IBM 8514
3945:WatchPad
3930:Leapfrog
3895:Handheld
3805:R series
3727:X series
3681:A series
3613:T series
3585:G series
3313:ThinkPad
3187:Portable
3172:M series
3167:A series
3157:NetVista
3132:EduQuest
1948:July 22,
1805:See also
1721:Timeline
1711:Olivetti
1699:Hyperion
1581:, 8-bit
1525:, 8-bit
1469:, 8-bit
1412:, 8-bit
1355:, 8-bit
1298:, 8-bit
1241:, 8-bit
1186:, 8-bit
1131:, 8-bit
1076:, 8-bit
1021:, 8-bit
966:, 8-bit
911:, 8-bit
856:, 8-bit
801:, 8-bit
746:, 8-bit
691:, 8-bit
667:Ref(s).
515:IBM 4950
511:Series/1
312:Features
306:eXTended
175:Graphics
4069:SurePOS
4047:Model M
4042:Model F
4005:Related
3907:WorkPad
3303:PCradio
3259:CL57 SX
3002:3270 AT
2970:3270 PC
2922:Desktop
2796:May 14,
2770:May 14,
2657:May 14,
2631:May 14,
2601:May 14,
2576:May 14,
2457:PC Week
2406:PC Week
2334:PC Week
1664:
1392:3270 PC
1335:3270 PC
1278:3270 PC
1223:3270 PC
885:
830:
775:
720:
521:XT 286
465:3270 PC
265:Related
167:Storage
111:1987-04
109: (
94: (
3862:Others
3479:series
3459:series
3419:series
3369:series
3334:series
3286:N51SLC
3254:L40 SX
3230:Laptop
3152:Aptiva
3100:70 486
3095:70 386
3060:30 286
3045:25 286
3013:Series
2997:AT/370
2975:XT 286
2965:XT/370
2856:XT 286
2741:
2551:et seq
2465:et seq
2372:et seq
2238:
2131:
2049:
1707:Corona
1697:, the
1561:XT/370
1505:XT/370
1449:XT/370
664:Notes
617:slots
547:IBM AT
539:XT 286
503:XT/370
159:Memory
129:PC DOS
4064:Mwave
3436:555BJ
3431:550BJ
3281:N51SX
3276:N45SL
3271:N33SX
3142:Ambra
3117:PS/55
3090:65 SX
3080:55 LS
3075:55 SX
3050:25 SX
2992:PC AT
2960:PC XT
2819:Notes
2427:(PDF)
2183:(PDF)
1902:Wired
1858:(PDF)
1595:4.77
1539:4.77
1495:none
1483:4.77
1426:4.77
1381:none
1369:4.77
1324:none
1312:4.77
1267:none
1255:4.77
1212:none
1200:4.77
1157:none
1145:4.77
1102:none
1090:4.77
1047:none
1035:4.77
980:4.77
925:4.77
882:none
870:4.77
827:none
815:4.77
760:4.77
705:4.77
636:(MHz)
633:speed
631:Clock
625:bays
594:Type
553:RAM.
336:Xebec
282:PC/XT
204:Power
189:Sound
140:Xenix
133:PC/IX
3795:X61t
3790:X60t
3718:A31p
3715:A30p
3706:A22p
3703:A21p
3700:A20p
3697:A22e
3694:A22m
3691:A21m
3688:A20m
3199:5110
3194:5100
3127:PS/1
3122:PS/V
3070:50 Z
3030:PS/2
3020:5550
2987:PCjr
2938:5120
2798:2021
2772:2021
2764:BYTE
2739:ISBN
2659:2021
2633:2021
2603:2021
2578:2021
2570:BYTE
2236:ISBN
2129:ISSN
2047:ISBN
2012:Byte
1987:help
1950:2014
1883:Byte
1685:The
650:(KB)
643:(KB)
609:Bus
597:IBM
478:and
463:The
439:The
412:POST
347:The
296:Name
276:The
224:Mass
76:Type
3912:Z50
3853:R61
3848:R60
3843:R52
3838:R51
3833:R50
3828:R40
3823:R32
3818:R31
3813:R30
3785:X60
3780:X41
3775:X40
3770:X32
3765:X31
3760:X30
3755:X24
3750:X23
3745:X22
3740:X21
3735:X20
3712:A31
3709:A30
3671:T61
3666:T60
3661:T43
3656:T42
3651:T41
3646:T40
3641:T30
3636:T23
3631:T22
3626:T21
3621:T20
3603:G50
3598:G41
3593:G40
3569:860
3564:851
3559:850
3554:823
3549:822
3544:821
3539:820
3534:800
3516:770
3511:765
3506:760
3501:755
3496:750
3486:700
3466:600
3446:570
3441:560
3426:500
3406:390
3401:380
3396:365
3391:360
3386:350
3381:310
3376:300
3356:240
3351:235
3346:230
3341:220
3219:P75
3214:P70
2892:IBM
1633:ISA
1579:ISA
1523:ISA
1467:ISA
1410:ISA
1353:ISA
1296:ISA
1239:ISA
1184:ISA
1167:XT
1129:ISA
1112:XT
1074:ISA
1057:XT
1019:ISA
1002:XT
964:ISA
947:XT
909:ISA
892:XT
854:ISA
837:XT
799:ISA
782:XT
744:ISA
727:XT
689:ISA
672:XT
660:HDD
655:FDD
621:No.
613:No.
599:P/N
408:ROM
406:in
338:ICs
308:".
197:PWM
183:CGA
179:MDA
147:CPU
137:SCO
70:IBM
4096::
3477:xx
3457:xx
3417:xx
3367:xx
3332:xx
3105:80
3085:60
3065:50
3055:30
3040:25
2982:JX
2948:PC
2788:,
2762:.
2649:.
2619:.
2594:.
2568:.
2547:32
2545:.
2541:.
2518:.
2505:^
2497:17
2495:.
2491:.
2473:^
2459:.
2455:.
2439:^
2429:.
2408:.
2404:.
2384:^
2368:31
2366:.
2362:.
2350:^
2336:.
2332:.
2310:^
2300:.
2280:^
2272:30
2270:.
2266:.
2250:^
2218:^
2208:.
2204:.
2141:^
2127:.
2125:49
2103:,
2084:^
2061:^
2029:^
2010:.
1995:^
1979::
1977:}}
1973:{{
1940:.
1900:.
1881:.
1866:^
1701:,
1649:6
1641:2
1638:8
1587:2
1584:8
1531:2
1528:8
1475:2
1472:8
1418:2
1415:8
1361:2
1358:8
1304:2
1301:8
1247:2
1244:8
1192:2
1189:8
1137:2
1134:8
1082:2
1079:8
1027:2
1024:8
972:2
969:8
917:2
914:8
862:2
859:8
807:2
804:8
752:2
749:8
697:2
694:8
623:of
615:of
517:.
181:,
135:/
127:/
3475:7
3455:6
3415:5
3365:3
3330:2
3110:E
2884:e
2877:t
2870:v
2774:.
2661:.
2651:d
2635:.
2605:.
2580:.
2461:1
2410:3
2338:4
2210:1
2189:.
2135:.
2055:.
1989:)
1952:.
1748:e
1741:t
1734:v
113:)
98:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.