Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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for the specific situation. Liquid argon is typically cheaper and can be stored in a greater quantity as opposed to the gas form, which is more expensive and takes up more tank space. If the instrument is in an environment where it gets infrequent use, then buying argon in the gas state will be most appropriate as it will be more than enough to suit smaller run times and gas in the cylinder will remain stable for longer periods of time, whereas liquid argon will suffer loss to the environment due to venting of the tank when stored over extended time frames. However, if the ICP-MS is to be used routinely and is on and running for eight or more hours each day for several days a week, then going with liquid argon will be the most suitable. If there are to be multiple ICP-MS instruments running for long periods of time, then it will most likely be beneficial for the laboratory to install a bulk or micro bulk argon tank which will be maintained by a gas supply company, thus eliminating the need to change out tanks frequently as well as minimizing loss of argon that is left over in each used tank as well as down time for tank changeover.

640:. An ICP-MS may use multiple scan modes, each one striking a different balance between speed and precision. Using the magnet alone to scan is slow, due to hysteresis, but is precise. Electrostatic plates can be used in addition to the magnet to increase the speed, and this, combined with multiple collectors, can allow a scan of every element from Lithium 6 to Uranium Oxide 256 in less than a quarter of a second. For low detection limits, interfering species and high precision, the counting time can increase substantially. The rapid scanning, large dynamic range and large mass range is ideally suited to measuring multiple unknown concentrations and isotope ratios in samples that have had minimal preparation (an advantage over TIMS), for example seawater, urine, and digested whole rock samples. It also lends well to laser ablated rock samples, where the scanning rate is so quick that a real time plot of any number of isotopes is possible. This also allows easy spatial mapping of mineral grains. 902:, and Indium and/or Gallium. The addition of volatile acids allows for the sample to decompose into its gaseous components in the plasma which minimizes the ability for concentrated salts and solvent loads to clog the cones and contaminate the instrument. Depending on the sample type, usually 5 mL of the internal standard is added to a test tube along with 10–500 microliters of sample. This mixture is then vortexed for several seconds or until mixed well and then loaded onto the autosampler tray. For other applications that may involve very viscous samples or samples that have particulate matter, a process known as sample digestion may have to be carried out, before it can be pipetted and analyzed. This adds an extra first step to the above process, and therefore makes the sample prep more lengthy. 651:, ICP-MS instrument consumes prepared sample material and translates it into mass-spectral data. Actual analytical procedure takes some time; after that time the instrument can be switched to work on the next sample. Series of such sample measurements requires the instrument to have plasma ignited, meanwhile a number of technical parameters has to be stable in order for the results obtained to have feasibly accurate and precise interpretation. Maintaining the plasma requires a constant supply of carrier gas (usually, pure argon) and increased power consumption of the instrument. When these additional running costs are not considered justified, plasma and most of auxiliary systems can be turned off. In such standby mode only pumps are working to keep proper vacuum in mass-spectrometer. 677:. Many varieties of nebulizers have been coupled to ICP-MS, including pneumatic, cross-flow, Babington, ultrasonic, and desolvating types. The aerosol generated is often treated to limit it to only smallest droplets, commonly by means of a Peltier cooled double pass or cyclonic spray chamber. Use of autosamplers makes this easier and faster, especially for routine work and large numbers of samples. A Desolvating Nebuliser (DSN) may also be used; this uses a long heated capillary, coated with a fluoropolymer membrane, to remove most of the solvent and reduce the load on the plasma. Matrix removal introduction systems are sometimes used for samples, such as seawater, where the species of interest are at trace levels, and are surrounded by much more abundant contaminants. 283:(TIMS), that require a two-stage process: Insert sample(s) into a vacuum chamber, seal the vacuum chamber, pump down the vacuum, energize sample, thereby sending ions into the mass analyzer. With ICP-MS the sample to be analyzed is sitting at atmospheric pressure. Through the effective use of differential pumping; multiple vacuum stages separate by differential apertures (holes), the ions created in the argon plasma are, with the aid of various electrostatic focusing techniques, transmitted through the mass analyzer to the detector(s) and counted. Not only does this enable the analyst to radically increase sample throughput (amount of samples over time), but has also made it possible to do what is called "time resolved acquisition". Hyphenated techniques like 324:

remove larger droplets, or a desolvating nebuliser can be used to evaporate most of the solvent before it reaches the torch. Solid samples can also be introduced using laser ablation. The sample enters the central channel of the ICP, evaporates, molecules break apart, and then the constituent atoms ionise. At the temperatures prevailing in the plasma a significant proportion of the atoms of many chemical elements are ionized, each atom losing its most loosely bound electron to form a singly charged ion. The plasma temperature is selected to maximise ionisation efficiency for elements with a high first ionisation energy, while minimising second ionisation (double charging) for elements that have a low second ionisation energy.

477:», will increase the need for ICP-MS technology, where, previously, other analytic methods have been sufficient. Cosmetics, such as lipstick, recovered from a crime scene may provide valuable forensic information. Lipstick smears left on cigarette butts, glassware, clothing, bedding; napkins, paper, etc. may be valuable evidence. Lipstick recovered from clothing or skin may also indicate physical contact between individuals. Forensic analysis of recovered lipstick smear evidence can provide valuable information on the recent activities of a victim or suspect. Trace elemental analysis of lipstick smears could be used to complement existing visual comparative procedures to determine the lipstick brand and color. 316:

second). The accelerated electrons collide with argon atoms, and sometimes a collision causes an argon atom to part with one of its electrons. The released electron is in turn accelerated by the rapidly changing magnetic field. The process continues until the rate of release of new electrons in collisions is balanced by the rate of recombination of electrons with argon ions (atoms that have lost an electron). This produces a ‘fireball’ that consists mostly of argon atoms with a rather small fraction of free electrons and argon ions. The temperature of the plasma is very high, of the order of 10,000 K. The plasma also produces ultraviolet light, so for safety should not be viewed directly.

564:(MeCAT) were introduced to label proteins quantitatively with metals, especially lanthanides. The MeCAT labelling allows relative and absolute quantification of all kind of proteins or other biomolecules like peptides. MeCAT comprises a site-specific biomolecule tagging group with at least a strong chelate group which binds metals. The MeCAT labelled proteins can be accurately quantified by ICP-MS down to low attomol amount of analyte which is at least 2–3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than other mass spectrometry based quantification methods. By introducing several MeCAT labels to a biomolecule and further optimization of LC-ICP-MS detection limits in the 453:

is considered one of the best techniques for analysis of glass due to the short time for sample preparation and sample, small sample size of less than 250 nanograms. In addition there is no need for complex procedure and handling of dangerous materials that is used for digestion of the samples. This allows detecting major, minor and tracing elements with high level of precision and accuracy. There are set of properties that are used to measure glass sample such as physical and optical properties including color, thickness, density, refractive index (RI) and also, if necessary, elemental analysis can be conducted in order to enhance the value of an association.

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rings, quadrupoles, hexapoles and octopoles to steer, shape and focus the beam so that the resulting peaks are symmetrical, flat topped and have high transmission. The electrostatic sector may be before or after the magnetic sector depending on the particular instrument, and reduces the spread in kinetic energy caused by the plasma. This spread is particularly large for ICP-MS, being larger than Glow Discharge and much larger than TIMS. The geometry of the instrument is chosen so that the instrument the combined focal point of the electrostatic and magnetic sectors is at the collector, known as Double Focusing (or Double Focussing).

721:). The accelerated electrons collide with argon atoms, and sometimes a collision causes an argon atom to part with one of its electrons. The released electron is in turn accelerated by the rapidly changing magnetic field. The process continues until the rate of release of new electrons in collisions is balanced by the rate of recombination of electrons with argon ions (atoms that have lost an electron). This produces a ‘fireball’ that consists mostly of argon atoms with a rather small fraction of free electrons and argon ions. 267:. Not all of the gas needs to be ionized for the gas to have the characteristics of a plasma; as little as 1% ionization creates a plasma. The plasmas used in spectrochemical analysis are essentially electrically neutral, with each positive charge on an ion balanced by a free electron. In these plasmas the positive ions are almost all singly charged and there are few negative ions, so there are nearly equal numbers of ions and electrons in each unit volume of plasma. 38: 3247: 2280: 320:

from the end of the central tube. A third flow (again usually around 1 liter per minute) of gas is introduced into the central tube of the torch. This gas flow passes through the centre of the plasma, where it forms a channel that is cooler than the surrounding plasma but still much hotter than a chemical flame. Samples to be analyzed are introduced into this central channel, usually as a mist of liquid formed by passing the liquid sample into a nebulizer.

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sensitivity are Rhodium levels, Cerium/Oxide ratios and DI water blanks. One common standard practice is to measure a standard tuning solution provided by the ICP manufacturer every time the plasma torch is started. Then the instrument is auto-calibrated for optimum sensitivity and the operator obtains a report providing certain parameters such as sensitivity, mass resolution and estimated amount of oxidized species and double-positive charged species.

3271: 444:. When the sample of interest is analysed by ICP-MS in a specialised flow cytometer, each antibody can be identified and quantitated by virtue of a distinct ICP "footprint". In theory, hundreds of different biological probes can thus be analysed in an individual cell, at a rate of ca. 1,000 cells per second. Because elements are easily distinguished in ICP-MS, the problem of compensation in multiplex flow cytometry is effectively eliminated. 717:

current. A flow of argon gas (usually 14 to 18 liters per minute) is introduced between the two outermost tubes of the torch and an electrical spark is applied for a short time to introduce free electrons into the gas stream. These electrons interact with the radio-frequency magnetic field of the induction coil and are accelerated first in one direction, then the other, as the field changes at high frequency (usually

3283: 2304: 701: 3259: 2292: 784:. The high temperature of the plasma is sufficient to cause a very large portion of the sample to form ions. This fraction of ionization can approach 100% for some elements (e.g. sodium), but this is dependent on the ionization potential. A fraction of the formed ions passes through a ~1 mm hole (sampler cone) and then a ~0.4 mm hole (skimmer cone). The purpose of which is to allow a 805:

ICP-MS instruments have used transmitting ion lens arrangements for this purpose. Examples include the Einzel lens, the Barrel lens, Agilent's Omega Lens and Perkin-Elmer's Shadow Stop. Another approach is to use ion guides (quadrupoles, hexapoles, or octopoles) to guide the ions into mass analyzer along a path away from the trajectory of photons or neutral particles. Yet another approach is

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the plasma. This allows geochemists to spacially map the isotope composition in cross-sections of rock samples, a tool which is lost if the rock is digested and introduced as a liquid sample. Lasers for this task are built to have highly controllable power outputs and uniform radial power distributions, to produce craters which are flat bottomed and of a chosen diameter and depth.

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symposium during the spring 2002 meeting of the EMRS, and in the proceedings in 2003. This study presents the theory of SP ICP-MS and the results of tests carried out on clay particles (montmorillonite) as well as other suspensions of colloids. This method was then tested on thorium dioxide nanoparticles by Degueldre & Favarger (2004), zirconium dioxide by Degueldre

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lipsticks. However, they all require long sample preparation times and destroy the sample. Nondestructive techniques for the forensic analysis of lipstick smears include UV fluorescence observation combined with purge-and-trap gas chromatography, microspectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy.

864:), or a mixture of the two, directly into the plasma as it flows through the skimmer cone and/or the sampler cone. The iCRC removed interfering ions using a collisional kinetic energy discrimination (KED) phenomenon and chemical reactions with interfering ions similarly to traditionally used larger collision cells. 716:

An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for spectrometry is sustained in a torch that consists of three concentric tubes, usually made of quartz. The two major designs are the Fassel and Greenfield torches. The end of this torch is placed inside an induction coil supplied with a radio-frequency electric

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Argon can be purchased for use with the ICP-MS in either a refrigerated liquid or a gas form. However it is important to note that whichever form of argon purchased, it should have a guaranteed purity of 99.9% Argon at a minimum. It is important to determine which type of argon will be best suited

636:, which can only measure a single element at a time, ICP-MS has the capability to scan for all elements simultaneously. This allows rapid sample processing. A simultaneous ICP-MS that can record the entire analytical spectrum from lithium to uranium in every analysis won the Silver Award at the 2010 884:

is replacing sample and waste tubing on the peristaltic pump, as these tubes can get worn fairly quickly resulting in holes and clogs in the sample line, resulting in skewed results. Other parts that will need regular cleaning and/or replacing are sample tips, nebulizer tips, sample cones, skimmer

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The vacuum is created and maintained by a series of pumps. The first stage is usually based on a roughing pump, most commonly a standard rotary vane pump. This removes most of the gas and typically reaches a pressure of around 133 Pa. Later stages have their vacuum generated by more powerful vacuum

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is another method. While being less common in the past, is rapidly becoming popular has been used as a means of sample introduction, thanks to increased ICP-MS scanning speeds. In this method, a pulsed UV laser is focused on the sample and creates a plume of ablated material which can be swept into

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is used for separation of MeCAT labelled proteins. Flow-injection ICP-MS analysis of protein bands or spots from DPAGE SDS-PAGE gels can be easily performed by dissolving the DPAGE gel after electrophoresis and staining of the gel. MeCAT labelled proteins are identified and relatively quantified on

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stands out as an application for which this technique has great utility to provide highly. Car hit and runs, burglaries, assaults, drive-by shootings and bombings such as these situations may cause glass fragments that could be used as evidence of association in glass transfer conditions. LA-ICP-MS

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One of the largest volume uses for ICP-MS is in the medical and forensic field, specifically, toxicology. A physician may order a metal assay for a number of reasons, such as suspicion of heavy metal poisoning, metabolic concerns, and even hepatological issues. Depending on the specific parameters

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ICP-MS (FIA-ICP-MS), etc. have benefited from this relatively new technology. It has stimulated the development new tools for research including geochemistry and forensic chemistry; biochemistry and oceanography. Additionally, increases in sample throughput from dozens of samples a day to hundreds

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If the mass of interest has a low sensitivity and is just below a much larger peak, the low mass tail from this larger peak can intrude onto the mass of interest. A Retardation Filter might be used to reduce this tail. This sits near the collector, and applies a voltage equal but opposite to the

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can be used either in place of, or mixed with, argon for plasma generation. Helium's higher first ionisation energy allows greater ionisation and therefore higher sensitivity for hard-to-ionise elements. The use of pure helium also avoids argon-based interferences such as ArO. However, many of the

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Other methods of sample introduction are also utilized. Electrothermal vaporization (ETV) and in torch vaporization (ITV) use hot surfaces (graphite or metal, generally) to vaporize samples for introduction. These can use very small amounts of liquids, solids, or slurries. Other methods like vapor

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In recent years, industrial and biological monitoring has presented another major need for metal analysis via ICP-MS. Individuals working in factories where exposure to metals is likely and unavoidable, such as a battery factory, are required by their employer to have their blood or urine analyzed

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The ICP can be retained in the quartz torch because the flow of gas between the two outermost tubes keeps the plasma away from the walls of the torch. A second flow of argon (around 1 liter per minute) is usually introduced between the central tube and the intermediate tube to keep the plasma away

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Before mass separation, a beam of positive ions has to be extracted from the plasma and focused into the mass-analyzer. It is important to separate the ions from UV photons, energetic neutrals and from any solid particles that may have been carried into the instrument from the ICP. Traditionally,

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To maximise plasma temperature (and hence ionisation efficiency) and stability, the sample should be introduced through the central tube with as little liquid (solvent load) as possible, and with consistent droplet sizes. A nebuliser can be used for liquid samples, followed by a spray chamber to

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is applied for a short time to introduce free electrons into the gas stream. These electrons interact with the radio-frequency magnetic field of the induction coil and are accelerated first in one direction, then the other, as the field changes at high frequency (usually 27.12 million cycles per

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One of the first things that should be carried out before the calibration of the ICP-MS is a sensitivity check and optimization. This ensures that the operator is aware of any possible issues with the instrument and if so, may address them before beginning a calibration. Typical indicators of

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A sector ICP-MS will commonly have four sections: an extraction acceleration region, steering lenses, an electrostatic sector and a magnetic sector. The first region takes ions from the plasma and accelerates them using a high voltage. The second uses may use a combination of parallel plates,

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Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a powerful technique for the elemental analysis of a wide variety of materials encountered in forensic casework. (LA-ICP-MS) has already successfully been applied to applications in forensics, metals, glasses, soils, car

621:

A single collector ICP-MS may use a multiplier in pulse counting mode to amplify very low signals, an attenuation grid or a multiplier in analogue mode to detect medium signals, and a Faraday cup/bucket to detect larger signals. A multi-collector ICP-MS may have more than one of any of these,

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Previous forensic techniques employed for the organic analysis of lipsticks by compositional comparison include thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These methods provide useful information regarding the identification of

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As with any piece of instrumentation or equipment, there are many aspects of maintenance that need to be encompassed by daily, weekly and annual procedures. The frequency of maintenance is typically determined by the sample volume and cumulative run time that the instrument is subjected to.

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analysis unless the instrumentation is fitted with a reaction chamber. Such interferences can be reduced by using a high resolution ICP-MS (HR-ICP-MS) which uses two or more slits to constrict the beam and distinguish between nearby peaks. This comes at the cost of sensitivity. For example,

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Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (SP ICP-MS) was designed for particle suspensions in 2000 by Claude Degueldre. He first tested this new methodology at the Forel Institute of the University of Geneva and presented this new analytical approach at the 'Colloid 2oo2'

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The ICPs have two operation modes, called capacitive (E) mode with low plasma density and inductive (H) mode with high plasma density, and E to H heating mode transition occurs with external inputs. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry is operated in the H mode.

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ICP-MS 90 degrees reflecting parabolic "Ion Mirror" optics, which are claimed to provide more efficient ion transport into the mass-analyzer, resulting in better sensitivity and reduced background. Analytik Jena ICP-MS PQMS is the most sensitive instrument on the market.

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of samples a day have revolutionized environmental analysis, reducing costs. Fundamentally, this is all due to the fact that while the sample resides at environmental pressure, the analyzer and detector are at 1/10,000,000 of that same pressure during normal operation.

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Nebulizer converts liquids into an aerosol, and that aerosol can then be swept into the plasma to create the ions. Nebulizers work best with simple liquid samples (i.e. solutions). However, there have been instances of their use with more complex materials like a

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Vladimir N. Epov; R. Douglas Evans; Jian Zheng; O. F. X. Donard; Masatoshi Yamada (2007). "Rapid fingerprinting of Pu and Pu in environmental samples with high U levels using on-line ion chromatography coupled with high-sensitivity quadrupole ICP-MS detection".

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What makes Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) unique to other forms of inorganic mass spectrometry is its ability to sample the analyte continuously, without interruption. This is in contrast to other forms of inorganic mass spectrometry;

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For both Laser Ablation and Desolvating Nebulisers, a small flow of Nitrogen may also be introduced into the Argon flow. Nitrogen exists as a dimer, so has more vibrational modes and is more efficient at receiving energy from the RF coil around the torch.

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unique to each patient's diagnostic plan, samples collected for analysis can range from whole blood, urine, plasma, serum, to even packed red blood cells. Another primary use for this instrument lies in the environmental field. Such applications include

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ICP-MS is also used widely in the geochemistry field for radiometric dating, in which it is used to analyze relative abundance of different isotopes, in particular uranium and lead. ICP-MS is more suitable for this application than the previously used

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The plasma used in an ICP-MS is made by partially ionizing argon gas (Ar → Ar + e). The energy required for this reaction is obtained by pulsing an alternating electric current in load coil that surrounds the plasma torch with a flow of argon gas.

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The integrated Collisional Reaction Cell (iCRC) used by Analytik Jena ICP-MS is a mini-collision cell installed in front of the parabolic ion mirror optics that removes interfering ions by injecting a collisional gas (He), or a reactive gas

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For most clinical methods using ICP-MS, there is a relatively simple and quick sample prep process. The main component to the sample is an internal standard, which also serves as the diluent. This internal standard consists primarily of

609:), and sometimes higher. Some masses are prohibited such as 40 due to the abundance of argon in the sample. Other blocked regions may include mass 80 (due to the argon dimer), and mass 56 (due to ArO), the latter of which greatly hinders 712:

After the sample is injected, the plasma's extreme temperature causes the sample to separate into individual atoms (atomization). Next, the plasma ionizes these atoms (M → M + e) so that they can be detected by the mass spectrometer.

753:. Because of this high ionization energy, the reaction (Ar + e → Ar) is more energetically favorable than the reaction (M + e → M). This ensures that the sample remains ionized (as M) so that the mass spectrometer can detect it. 521:. The toxicity of those elements varies with the oxidation state, so new regulations from food authorities requires speciation of some elements. One of the primary techniques to achieve this is to separate the chemical species with 614:

distinguishing iron from argon requires a resolving power of about 10,000, which may reduce the iron sensitivity by around 99%. Another solution for some interfering species is the use of a collision chamber, as explained in

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Liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), Gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS), Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry

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Nam, Sang Ho.; Masamba, Wellington R. L.; Montaser, Akbar. (1993-10-15). "Investigation of helium inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the detection of metals and nonmetals in aqueous solutions".

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Berry, Jonna Elizabeth (2o15). Trace metal analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and x-ray K-edge densitometry of forensic samples.Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper

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cones, injector tubes, torches and lenses. It may also be necessary to change the oil in the interface roughing pump as well as the vacuum backing pump, depending on the workload put on the instrument.

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mass spectrometry (GD-MS), ICP-MS introduces many interfering species: argon from the plasma, component gases of air that leak through the cone orifices, and contamination from glassware and the cones.

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The collision/reaction cell is used to remove interfering ions through ion/neutral reactions. Collision/reaction cells are known under several names. The dynamic reaction cell is located before the

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Tatiana. T, Waleska. C; Jose. R. : Elemental Analysis of Glass and Paint Materials by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for Forensic Application, 2006

1524: 405:, in an effort to protect workers from their work environment and ensure proper rotation of work duties (i.e. rotating employees from a high exposure position to a low exposure position). 1279:

Klotz, Katrin; Weistenhöfer, Wobbeke; Drexler, Hans (2013). "Chapter 4. Determination of Cadmium in Biological Samples". In Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel and Roland K. O. Sigel (ed.).

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Caruso, Joseph A.; Davidson, Timothy M.; Shen, Wei-Lung; Sheppard, Brenda S. (1990-01-01). "Helium-argon inductively coupled plasma for plasma source mass spectrometry".

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Making the plasma from argon, instead of other gases, has several advantages. First, argon is abundant (in the atmosphere, as a result of the radioactive decay of

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Other mass analyzers coupled to ICP systems include double focusing magnetic-electrostatic sector systems with both single and multiple collector, as well as

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normally Faraday buckets which are much less expensive. With this combination, a dynamic range of 12 orders of magnitude, from 1 ppq to 100 ppm is possible.

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can be easily ionized. For high precision ratio work, multiple collector instruments are normally used to reduce the effect noise on the calculated ratios.

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V. Baranov; S. Tanner (1999). "A dynamic reaction cell for ICP-MS. Part 1: The rf-field energy contribution in thermodynamics of ion-molecule reactions".

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Degueldre, C.; Favarger, P.-Y.; Rossé, R.; Wold, S. (2006). "Uranium colloid analysis by single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry".

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Degueldre, C.; Favarger, P.-Y.; Wold, S. (2006). "Gold colloid analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in a single particle mode".

120: 116: 1495: 2342: 2207: 2202: 1954: 1532: 1077:

Degueldre, C.; Favarger, P.-Y. (2003). "Colloid analysis by single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy: A feasibility study".

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Degueldre, C.; Favarger, P.-Y.; Bitea, C. (2004). "Zirconia colloid analysis by single particle inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry".

124: 1685: 2059: 856:), with one gas type at a time or a mixture of two of them, which reacts with the introduced sample, eliminating some of the interference. 2448: 2197: 2019: 1870: 2034: 465:

and their ingredients. New and reduced maximum permitted exposure levels of heavy metals from dietary supplements, introduced in USP (

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An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for spectrometry is sustained in a torch that consists of three concentric tubes, usually made of

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is being used. The end of this torch is placed inside an induction coil supplied with a radio-frequency electric current. A flow of

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Degueldre, C.; Favarger, P. Y. (2004). "Thorium colloid analysis by single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry".

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accelerating voltage; any ions that have lost energy while flying around the instrument will be decelerated to rest by the filter.

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S. Tanner; V. Baranov (1999). "A dynamic reaction cell for ICP-MS. Part 2: Reduction of interferences produced within the cell".

489:(2006). Subsequently, the study of uranium dioxide nano- and micro-particles gave rise to a detailed publication, Ref. Degueldre 284: 2470: 2250: 2014: 522: 1939: 1296: 2482: 2421: 1944: 1774: 662:

The first step in analysis is the introduction of the sample. This has been achieved in ICP-MS through a variety of means.

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for municipalities or private individuals all the way to soil, water and other material analysis for industrial purposes.

207:, ICP-MS has greater speed, precision, and sensitivity. However, compared with other types of mass spectrometry, such as 2335: 2177: 581: 1390:

Nam, Sang-Ho; Montaser, Akbar; Cromwell, Evan F. (1998). "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research".

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systems, most often turbomolecular pumps. Older instruments may have used oil diffusion pumps for high vacuum regions.

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Yip, Y.; Sham, W (2007). "Applications of collision/reaction-cell technology in isotope dilution mass spectrometry".

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such as single or multi-element reference standards. ICP-MS also lends itself to quantitative determinations through

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There is an increasing trend of using ICP-MS as a tool in speciation analysis, which normally involves a front end

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The carrier gas is sent through the central channel and into the very hot plasma. The sample is then exposed to

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range are within the realm of possibility. By using different lanthanides MeCAT multiplexing can be used for

546: 347: 2265: 2156: 1959: 440:(or other biological probes) with fluorochromes, each antibody is labelled with a distinct combinations of 354: 311:

gas (usually 13 to 18 liters per minute) is introduced between the two outermost tubes of the torch and an

276: 485:(2004) and gold nanoparticles, which are used as a substrate in nanopharmacy, and published by Degueldre 401:

for metal toxicity on a regular basis. This monitoring has become a mandatory practice implemented by the

346:. The ions are separated on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio and a detector receives an ion signal 2886: 2373: 2141: 840:

in the ICP-MS device. The chamber has a quadrupole and can be filled with reaction (or collision) gases (

3314: 3263: 2812: 2783: 2763: 2716: 2284: 1911: 1856: 1639: 1506: 637: 466: 342:, the ions from the plasma are extracted through a series of cones into a mass spectrometer, usually a 236: 230: 173: 654:

The constituents of ICP-MS instrument are designed to allow for reproducible and/or stable operation.

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Kenichi Sakata et al., Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and method, US patent 6265717 B1.

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Greenfield, S. (1994). "Inductively coupled plasmas in atomic fluorescence spectrometry. A review".

3156: 3072: 2711: 2187: 2172: 2100: 2085: 1890: 1674: 561: 526: 343: 112: 1472:, Device and method preventing ion source gases from entering reaction cell, US patent 6639665 B2. 3094: 3005: 2968: 2852: 2778: 2599: 2582: 2525: 1984: 831: 615: 449: 292: 264: 72:

and polyatomic species in plasma, with exceptions; usually interpreted towards concentrations of

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paints, bones and teeth, printing inks, trace elemental, fingerprint, and paper. Among these,

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Shane Elliott; Barry Sturman; Stephen Anderson; Elke Brouwers; Jos Beijnen (April 1, 2007).

1484:

Ion Optical System for a Mass Spectrometer, United States Patent Number 6,614,021 B1 (2003).

3151: 3106: 2881: 2701: 2631: 2388: 2368: 1811: 1731: 956: 252: 945:"Review of inductively coupled plasmas: Nano-applications and bistable hysteresis physics" 8: 3174: 3128: 3053: 3026: 2924: 2906: 2859: 2797: 2693: 2673: 2542: 2537: 2438: 2136: 2105: 1979: 1949: 1552: 881: 361:, a single point method based on an isotopically enriched standard. In order to increase 1815: 1735: 960: 3251: 3217: 3079: 3048: 2929: 2871: 2569: 2552: 2547: 2502: 2465: 2455: 2416: 2064: 1655: 1522: 1407: 987:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2022-12-28. Method No. 200.8. 1743: 1651: 1090: 27:

Type of mass spectrometry that uses an inductively coupled plasma to ionize the sample

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of proteins and peptides or the analysis of the differential expression of proteins (

461:

In the pharmaceutical industry, ICP-MS is used for detecting inorganic impurities in

414: 366: 358: 339: 333: 304: 248: 197: 169: 128: 59: 1659: 1411: 3275: 3192: 2847: 2706: 2683: 2636: 2577: 2049: 2029: 1994: 1819: 1739: 1713: 1647: 1619: 1591: 1564: 1435: 1399: 1364: 1329: 1284: 1251: 1202: 1175: 1148: 1113: 1086: 964: 781: 598: 569: 377: 240: 1206: 1117: 3133: 3089: 3084: 2978: 2954: 2788: 2751: 2604: 2594: 2477: 1709: 895: 777: 554: 510: 462: 362: 1288: 3017: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2940: 2936: 2919: 2876: 2807: 2668: 2663: 2648: 2460: 2378: 1999: 1717: 1595: 1493: 1256: 1239: 765: 680: 585: 506: 429: 312: 288: 212: 73: 1179: 1152: 3303: 3222: 3111: 3067: 2792: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2492: 2146: 1906: 1708: 1447: 1403: 1376: 1341: 810: 768:, and the greater cost of helium has prevented its use in commercial ICP-MS. 538: 433: 394: 92: 1720:(2002). "Reaction cells and collision cells for ICP-MS: a tutorial review". 3099: 2949: 2864: 2840: 2830: 2822: 2723: 2658: 2557: 2406: 2110: 1833: 1306: 1265: 1214: 1125: 806: 557:

in biofluids. Also the phosphorylation status of proteins can be analyzed.

505:

A growing trend in the world of elemental analysis has revolved around the

180:

the sample. It atomizes the sample and creates atomic and small polyatomic

919: 184:, which are then detected. It is known and used for its ability to detect 2497: 2151: 2090: 2069: 1800:"Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS): a versatile tool" 1368: 1333: 734: 441: 353:

The concentration of a sample can be determined through calibration with

100: 37: 2320: 1768:"Principles and performance of the Collision Reaction Interface for the" 1439: 3123: 1926: 1283:. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 85–98. 837: 573: 437: 381: 244: 189: 177: 969: 944: 192:

in liquid samples at very low concentrations. It can detect different

3185: 2487: 2352: 1824: 1799: 1623: 1568: 730: 648: 550: 1848: 3207: 2120: 853: 746: 718: 577: 545:, such as AAS and ICP-MS. For example, ICP-MS may be combined with 514: 422: 260: 104: 1043:. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2013. Archived from 1008:. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2013. Archived from 3227: 845: 841: 626: 606: 602: 518: 193: 88: 69: 1494:

Shane Elliott; Michael Knowles; Iouri Kalinitchenko (Mar 2004).

1240:"A metal-coded affinity tag approach to quantitative proteomics" 1079:

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects

849: 785: 760: 742: 700: 674: 565: 418: 300: 185: 96: 532: 308: 493:(2006). Since 2010 the interest for SP ICP-MS has exploded. 3202: 750: 610: 181: 1354: 1192: 3212: 1895: 432:, a new technique uses ICP-MS to replace the traditional 256: 1278: 303:, although the inner tube (injector) can be sapphire if 196:

of the same element, which makes it a versatile tool in

560:

In 2007, a new type of protein tagging reagents called

529:(FFF) and then measure the concentrations with ICP-MS. 145:

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

1138: 625:

ICP-MS is a method of choice for the determination of

1165: 365:

and compensate errors but sensitivity variation, an

1765: 1636: 1608: 1389: 825: 1424: 403:U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1238:Ahrends R, Pieper S, Kühn A, et al. (2007). 1237: 1103: 1076: 3301: 985:"Approved Clean Water Act Chemical Test Methods" 771: 1313: 2336: 1864: 255:, and contains a sufficient concentration of 224: 1231: 576:) e.g. in biological fluids. Breakable PAGE 162:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 31:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1666: 764:interferences can be mitigated by use of a 533:Quantification of proteins and biomolecules 2343: 2329: 1871: 1857: 1756:I. Kalinitchenko, Patent WO 2004/012223 A1 1750: 1319: 456: 36: 2350: 1823: 1357:Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 1322:Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 1255: 968: 1281:Cadmium: From Toxicology to Essentiality 699: 1581: 1575: 14: 3302: 1797: 1672: 1525:"ICP-MS: When Sensitivity Does Matter" 867: 657: 523:high-performance liquid chromatography 2324: 1878: 1852: 1836:– via Wiley Analytical Science. 888: 724: 665:The most common method is the use of 592: 589:peptide level by MALDI-MS or ESI-MS. 3258: 2291: 1766:Wang, XueDong; Iouri Kalinitchenko. 1759: 475:〈232〉Elemental Impurities—Procedures 411:thermal ionization mass spectrometry 327: 281:Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry 209:thermal ionization mass spectrometry 3282: 2303: 1798:Ammann, Adrian A. (27 March 2007). 1244:Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 1034:"Elemental Impurities - Procedures" 942: 733:) and therefore cheaper than other 597:The ICP-MS allows determination of 582:two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 500: 24: 880:One of the most frequent forms of 601:with atomic mass ranges 7 to 250 ( 25: 3336: 1844: 1496:"A Change in Direction in ICP-MS" 3281: 3269: 3257: 3246: 3245: 2302: 2290: 2279: 2278: 826:Collision reaction cell and iCRC 737:. Argon also has a higher first 553:for identifying and quantifying 471:〈232〉Elemental Impurities—Limits 436:. Briefly, instead of labelling 277:Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry 1791: 1702: 1691:from the original on 2006-03-16 1630: 1602: 1546: 1516: 1487: 1475: 1463: 1454: 1418: 1383: 1348: 1272: 1221: 1186: 1159: 999:"Elemental Impurities - Limits" 741:than all other elements except 695: 387: 42:Perkin Elmer NexION 2000 ICP-MS 1675:"A Beginner's Guide to ICP-MS" 1584:Trends in Analytical Chemistry 1132: 1097: 1070: 1061: 1026: 991: 977: 936: 912: 780:which converts the gas into a 634:atomic absorption spectroscopy 384:accelerators have been used). 205:atomic absorption spectroscopy 13: 1: 2610:Interface and colloid science 2364:Glossary of chemical formulae 1744:10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00069-1 1652:10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00081-1 1207:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.05.006 1118:10.1016/j.talanta.2003.10.016 1091:10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00568-X 905: 799: 547:size exclusion chromatography 219: 1804:Journal of Mass Spectrometry 1684:. Advanstar Communications. 772:Transfer of ions into vacuum 649:In terms of input and output 543:elemental selective detector 355:certified reference material 7: 2887:Bioorganometallic chemistry 2374:List of inorganic compounds 2142:Microchannel plate detector 1289:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_4 692:generation are also known. 643: 580:(DPAGE, dissolvable PAGE), 10: 3341: 2813:Dynamic covalent chemistry 2784:Enantioselective synthesis 2764:Physical organic chemistry 2717:Organolanthanide chemistry 1640:J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1596:10.1016/j.trac.2007.03.007 1257:10.1074/mcp.M700152-MCP200 829: 513:of certain metals such as 467:United States Pharmacopeia 331: 237:inductively coupled plasma 231:Inductively coupled plasma 228: 225:Inductively coupled plasma 174:inductively coupled plasma 3241: 3144: 2905: 2821: 2742: 2692: 2568: 2511: 2402:Electroanalytical methods 2387: 2359: 2274: 2216: 2165: 2129: 2078: 1925: 1886: 1180:10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.021 1153:10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.015 562:metal-coded affinity tags 150: 140: 135: 80: 65: 55: 47: 35: 3157:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 3073:Supramolecular chemistry 2712:Organometallic chemistry 2157:Langmuir–Taylor detector 1773:. Varian. Archived from 1404:10.1366/0003702981942500 788:that is required by the 527:field flow fractionation 3095:Combinatorial chemistry 3006:Food physical chemistry 2969:Environmental chemistry 2853:Bioorthogonal chemistry 2779:Retrosynthetic analysis 2600:Chemical thermodynamics 2583:Spectroelectrochemistry 2526:Computational chemistry 1673:Thomas, Robert (2001). 949:Applied Physics Reviews 943:Lee, Hyo-Chang (2018). 832:collision reaction cell 638:Pittcon Editors' Awards 629:in biological samples. 616:collision reaction cell 551:preparative native PAGE 457:Pharmaceutical industry 450:forensic glass analysis 413:, as species with high 265:electrically conductive 3167:of element discoveries 3013:Agricultural chemistry 3001:Carbohydrate chemistry 2892:Bioinorganic chemistry 2757:Alkane stereochemistry 2702:Coordination chemistry 2531:Mathematical chemistry 2397:Instrumental chemistry 2101:Quadrupole mass filter 1612:J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1557:J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1470:Scott D. Tanner et al. 1168:Analytica Chimica Acta 1141:Analytica Chimica Acta 705: 704:The atomizer of an ICP 509:, or determination of 350:to the concentration. 3310:Scientific techniques 3162:Timeline of chemistry 3059:Post-mortem chemistry 3044:Clandestine chemistry 2974:Atmospheric chemistry 2897:Biophysical chemistry 2729:Solid-state chemistry 2679:Equilibrium chemistry 2588:Photoelectrochemistry 1723:Spectrochimica Acta B 1529:Spectroscopy Magazine 703: 668:analytical nebulizers 291:ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS); 285:Liquid Chromatography 3325:Analytical chemistry 3320:Laboratory equipment 3152:History of chemistry 3107:Chemical engineering 2882:Bioorganic chemistry 2632:Structural chemistry 2369:List of biomolecules 1428:Analytical Chemistry 1392:Applied Spectroscopy 1369:10.1039/JA9900500697 1334:10.1039/ja9940900565 739:ionization potential 287:ICP-MS (LC-ICP-MS); 253:electromagnetic coil 3175:The central science 3129:Ceramic engineering 3054:Forensic toxicology 3027:Chemistry education 2925:Radiation chemistry 2907:Interdisciplinarity 2860:Medicinal chemistry 2798:Fullerene chemistry 2674:Microwave chemistry 2543:Molecular mechanics 2538:Molecular modelling 2137:Electron multiplier 2106:Quadrupole ion trap 1816:2007JMSp...42..419A 1736:2002AcSpe..57.1361T 1503:American Laboratory 1482:Iouri Kalinitchenko 1440:10.1021/ac00068a014 961:2018ApPRv...5a1108L 924:Plasma-Universe.com 882:routine maintenance 868:Routine maintenance 719:27.12 MHz or 40 MHz 658:Sample introduction 249:inductively heating 243:that is energized ( 32: 3218:Chemical substance 3080:Chemical synthesis 3049:Forensic chemistry 2930:Actinide chemistry 2872:Clinical chemistry 2553:Molecular geometry 2548:Molecular dynamics 2503:Elemental analysis 2456:Separation process 889:Sample preparation 725:Advantage of argon 706: 593:Elemental analysis 541:separation and an 30: 3315:Mass spectrometry 3297: 3296: 3233:Quantum mechanics 3198:Chemical compound 3181:Chemical reaction 3119:Materials science 3037:General chemistry 3032:Amateur chemistry 2960:Photogeochemistry 2945:Stellar chemistry 2915:Nuclear chemistry 2836:Molecular biology 2803:Polymer chemistry 2774:Organic synthesis 2769:Organic reactions 2734:Ceramic chemistry 2724:Cluster chemistry 2654:Chemical kinetics 2642:Molecular physics 2521:Quantum chemistry 2434:Mass spectrometry 2318: 2317: 1880:Mass spectrometry 1646:(11): 1083–1094. 1434:(20): 2784–2790. 1298:978-94-007-5178-1 1250:(11): 1907–1916. 1041:Revision Bulletin 1006:Revision Bulletin 970:10.1063/1.5012001 900:hydrochloric acid 898:, with nitric or 809:patented used by 790:mass spectrometer 415:ionization energy 367:internal standard 340:mass spectrometry 334:Mass spectrometry 328:Mass spectrometry 305:hydrofluoric acid 198:isotopic labeling 170:mass spectrometry 159: 158: 129:Standard BioTools 74:chemical elements 60:Mass spectrometry 16:(Redirected from 3332: 3285: 3284: 3273: 3261: 3260: 3249: 3248: 3193:Chemical element 2848:Chemical biology 2707:Magnetochemistry 2684:Mechanochemistry 2637:Chemical physics 2578:Electrochemistry 2483:Characterization 2345: 2338: 2331: 2322: 2321: 2306: 2305: 2294: 2293: 2282: 2281: 1873: 1866: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1838: 1837: 1827: 1825:10.1002/jms.1206 1795: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1779: 1772: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1730:(9): 1361–1452. 1714:Vladimir Baranov 1706: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1679: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1624:10.1039/a809889a 1618:(8): 1133–1142. 1606: 1600: 1599: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1569:10.1039/b704901c 1563:(9): 1131–1137. 1550: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1531:. Archived from 1520: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1505:. Archived from 1500: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1259: 1235: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1218: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1147:(1–2): 137–142. 1136: 1130: 1129: 1112:(5): 1051–1054. 1101: 1095: 1094: 1085:(1–3): 137–142. 1074: 1068: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1049: 1038: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1003: 995: 989: 988: 981: 975: 974: 972: 940: 934: 933: 931: 930: 916: 570:pharmacokinetics 501:Metal speciation 428:In the field of 359:isotope dilution 338:For coupling to 263:to make the gas 251:the gas with an 136:Other techniques 99:(only ICP-OES), 40: 33: 29: 21: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3237: 3140: 3134:Polymer science 3090:Click chemistry 3085:Green chemistry 2979:Ocean chemistry 2955:Biogeochemistry 2901: 2817: 2789:Total synthesis 2752:Stereochemistry 2738: 2688: 2605:Surface science 2595:Thermochemistry 2564: 2507: 2478:Crystallography 2383: 2355: 2349: 2319: 2314: 2270: 2212: 2161: 2125: 2074: 1921: 1882: 1877: 1847: 1842: 1841: 1796: 1792: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1710:Scott D. Tanner 1707: 1703: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1677: 1671: 1667: 1635: 1631: 1607: 1603: 1580: 1576: 1551: 1547: 1538: 1536: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1498: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1476: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1423: 1419: 1388: 1384: 1353: 1349: 1318: 1314: 1299: 1277: 1273: 1236: 1232: 1226: 1222: 1191: 1187: 1164: 1160: 1137: 1133: 1102: 1098: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1001: 997: 996: 992: 983: 982: 978: 941: 937: 928: 926: 918: 917: 913: 908: 896:deionized water 891: 870: 863: 834: 828: 802: 778:radio frequency 774: 727: 698: 660: 646: 595: 555:metalloproteins 535: 511:oxidation state 503: 463:pharmaceuticals 459: 390: 363:reproducibility 336: 330: 233: 227: 222: 168:) is a type of 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3338: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3279: 3267: 3255: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3178: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3159: 3154: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3139: 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2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2574: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2523: 2517: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2461:Chromatography 2458: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2404: 2399: 2393: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2379:Periodic table 2376: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2348: 2347: 2340: 2333: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2312: 2300: 2288: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2169: 2167: 2166:MS combination 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2096:Time-of-flight 2093: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 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117:GBC Scientific 82: 78: 77: 67: 63: 62: 57: 56:Classification 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3337: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3290: 3289: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3223:Chemical bond 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3112:Stoichiometry 3110: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3068:Nanochemistry 3066: 3065: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2793:Semisynthesis 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2627:Sonochemistry 2625: 2623: 2622:Cryochemistry 2620: 2616: 2615:Micromeritics 2613: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2493:Wet chemistry 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2311: 2310: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2218:Fragmentation 2215: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2147:Daly detector 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2079:Mass analyzer 2077: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1907:Mass spectrum 1905: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1780:on 2008-11-23 1776: 1769: 1762: 1753: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1687: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1605: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1549: 1535:on 2007-12-02 1534: 1530: 1526: 1519: 1508: 1504: 1497: 1490: 1483: 1478: 1471: 1466: 1457: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1386: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1316: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1275: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1234: 1224: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1189: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1162: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1100: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1073: 1064: 1050:on 2014-07-02 1046: 1042: 1035: 1029: 1015:on 2015-03-19 1011: 1007: 1000: 994: 986: 980: 971: 966: 962: 958: 955:(1): 011108. 954: 950: 946: 939: 925: 921: 915: 911: 903: 901: 897: 886: 883: 878: 874: 865: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 833: 823: 819: 815: 812: 811:Analytik Jena 808: 797: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 769: 767: 762: 758: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 722: 720: 714: 710: 702: 693: 689: 685: 682: 678: 676: 671: 669: 663: 655: 652: 650: 641: 639: 635: 630: 628: 623: 619: 617: 612: 608: 604: 600: 590: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 539:chromatograph 530: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 498: 494: 492: 488: 484: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 454: 451: 445: 443: 439: 435: 434:fluorochromes 431: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 406: 404: 398: 396: 395:water testing 385: 383: 379: 375: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 335: 325: 321: 317: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 272: 268: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 232: 217: 214: 210: 206: 201: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 172:that uses an 171: 167: 163: 153: 149: 146: 143: 139: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 93:Analytik Jena 90: 86: 83: 81:Manufacturers 79: 75: 71: 68: 64: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 39: 34: 19: 3286: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3100:Biosynthesis 2950:Geochemistry 2865:Pharmacology 2841:Cell biology 2831:Biochemistry 2659:Spectroscopy 2558:VSEPR theory 2443: 2407:Spectroscopy 2351:Branches of 2307: 2295: 2283: 2111:Penning trap 2009: 1900: 1896: 1807: 1803: 1793: 1782:. Retrieved 1775:the original 1761: 1752: 1727: 1721: 1704: 1693:. Retrieved 1682:Spectroscopy 1681: 1668: 1643: 1638: 1632: 1615: 1610: 1604: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1537:. Retrieved 1533:the original 1528: 1518: 1507:the original 1502: 1489: 1481: 1477: 1469: 1465: 1456: 1431: 1427: 1420: 1395: 1391: 1385: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1280: 1274: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1223: 1198: 1194: 1188: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1109: 1105: 1099: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1063: 1052:. Retrieved 1045:the original 1040: 1028: 1017:. Retrieved 1010:the original 1005: 993: 979: 952: 948: 938: 927:. Retrieved 923: 914: 892: 879: 875: 871: 858: 835: 820: 816: 803: 794: 775: 759: 755: 728: 715: 711: 707: 696:Plasma torch 690: 686: 679: 666: 664: 661: 653: 647: 631: 624: 620: 596: 559: 536: 504: 495: 490: 486: 482: 479: 474: 470: 460: 446: 427: 407: 399: 391: 388:Applications 371: 352: 348:proportional 337: 322: 318: 298: 273: 269: 234: 203:Compared to 202: 188:and several 165: 161: 160: 125:DVS Sciences 3288:WikiProject 2513:Theoretical 2498:Calorimetry 2309:WikiProject 2152:Faraday cup 2091:Wien filter 1912:MS software 1398:: 161–167. 735:noble gases 473:» and USP « 442:lanthanides 279:(GDMS) and 211:(TIMS) and 155:(LA-ICP-MS) 101:PerkinElmer 3304:Categories 3124:Metallurgy 2823:Biological 2389:Analytical 1927:Ion source 1784:2009-01-20 1695:2014-05-09 1590:(7): 727. 1539:2007-10-16 1328:(5): 565. 1054:2015-02-20 1019:2015-02-20 929:2020-11-23 906:References 838:quadrupole 800:Ion optics 574:proteomics 525:(HPLC) or 507:speciation 438:antibodies 382:orthogonal 344:quadrupole 220:Components 190:non-metals 151:Hyphenated 3186:Catalysis 2694:Inorganic 2488:Titration 2353:chemistry 2188:Hybrid MS 1448:0003-2700 1377:1364-5544 1342:0267-9477 731:potassium 618:article. 261:electrons 76:in sample 3252:Category 3208:Molecule 3145:See also 2570:Physical 2285:Category 2130:Detector 2121:Orbitrap 1917:Acronyms 1834:17385793 1686:Archived 1660:93608392 1412:95039168 1307:23430771 1266:17627934 1215:18970366 1126:18969397 920:"Plasma" 854:hydrogen 644:Hardware 599:elements 578:SDS-PAGE 566:zeptomol 515:chromium 423:tungsten 417:such as 194:isotopes 105:Shimadzu 66:Analytes 3264:Commons 3228:Alchemy 2744:Organic 2297:Commons 2025:MALDESI 1812:Bibcode 1732:Bibcode 1195:Talanta 1106:Talanta 957:Bibcode 846:methane 842:ammonia 632:Unlike 627:cadmium 519:arsenic 245:ionized 141:Related 109:Spectro 89:Agilent 48:Acronym 3276:Portal 2422:UV-Vis 2203:IMS/MS 2116:FT-ICR 2086:Sector 1832: 1658: 1446: 1410: 1375: 1340: 1305: 1295: 1264: 1228:14675. 1213: 1124: 850:oxygen 807:Varian 786:vacuum 782:plasma 761:Helium 749:, and 675:slurry 419:osmium 301:quartz 241:plasma 186:metals 178:ionize 166:ICP-MS 113:Thermo 97:Horiba 85:Skyray 70:atomic 51:ICP-MS 2449:MALDI 2417:Raman 2256:IRMPD 2208:CE-MS 2198:LC/MS 2193:GC/MS 2173:MS/MS 2060:SELDI 2020:MALDI 2015:LAESI 1955:DAPPI 1778:(PDF) 1771:(PDF) 1689:(PDF) 1678:(PDF) 1656:S2CID 1510:(PDF) 1499:(PDF) 1408:S2CID 1048:(PDF) 1037:(PDF) 1013:(PDF) 1002:(PDF) 491:et al 487:et al 483:et al 378:axial 309:argon 247:) by 239:is a 127:(now 18:ICPMS 3203:Atom 2471:HPLC 2261:NETD 2226:BIRD 2045:SIMS 2040:SESI 1975:EESI 1970:DIOS 1965:DESI 1960:DART 1945:APPI 1940:APLI 1935:APCI 1891:Mass 1830:PMID 1444:ISSN 1373:ISSN 1338:ISSN 1303:PMID 1293:ISBN 1262:PMID 1211:PMID 1122:PMID 549:and 517:and 421:and 380:and 259:and 257:ions 182:ions 3213:Ion 2444:ICP 2427:NMR 2266:SID 2251:HCD 2246:ETD 2241:EDD 2236:ECD 2231:CID 2183:AMS 2178:QqQ 2055:SSI 2035:PTR 2030:MIP 2010:ICP 1990:FAB 1985:ESI 1820:doi 1740:doi 1648:doi 1620:doi 1592:doi 1565:doi 1436:doi 1400:doi 1365:doi 1330:doi 1285:doi 1252:doi 1203:doi 1176:doi 1172:555 1149:doi 1145:518 1114:doi 1087:doi 1083:217 965:doi 852:or 605:to 584:or 469:) « 235:An 176:to 3306:: 2943:/ 2939:/ 2791:/ 2466:GC 2439:EI 2412:IR 2070:TS 2065:TI 2050:SS 2005:IA 2000:GD 1995:FD 1980:EI 1950:CI 1828:. 1818:. 1808:42 1806:. 1802:. 1738:. 1728:57 1726:. 1716:; 1712:; 1680:. 1654:. 1644:10 1616:14 1588:26 1586:. 1561:22 1527:. 1501:. 1442:. 1432:65 1430:. 1406:. 1396:52 1394:. 1371:. 1359:. 1336:. 1324:. 1301:. 1291:. 1260:. 1246:. 1242:. 1209:. 1199:68 1197:. 1170:. 1143:. 1120:. 1110:62 1108:. 1081:. 1039:. 1004:. 963:. 951:. 947:. 922:. 860:(H 848:, 844:, 792:. 751:Ne 745:, 743:He 611:Fe 603:Li 200:. 123:, 119:, 115:, 111:, 107:, 103:, 95:, 91:, 87:, 3177:" 3173:" 2344:e 2337:t 2330:v 1901:z 1899:/ 1897:m 1872:e 1865:t 1858:v 1822:: 1814:: 1787:. 1746:. 1742:: 1734:: 1698:. 1662:. 1650:: 1626:. 1622:: 1598:. 1594:: 1571:. 1567:: 1542:. 1450:. 1438:: 1414:. 1402:: 1379:. 1367:: 1361:5 1344:. 1332:: 1326:9 1309:. 1287:: 1268:. 1254:: 1248:6 1217:. 1205:: 1182:. 1178:: 1155:. 1151:: 1128:. 1116:: 1093:. 1089:: 1057:. 1022:. 973:. 967:: 959:: 953:5 932:. 862:2 747:F 670:. 607:U 164:( 131:) 20:)

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Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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