196:
544:
397:, better known as SIGs, are intended to spark developer interest in a specific topics or disciplines. For example, the Game Education SIG has a stated mission "To create a community resource that will strengthen the academic membership of the IGDA while enhancing the education of future and current game developers." Some SIGs sponsor events, such as creating the
47:
523:
2013 a party was hosted by co-presenters IGDA and the start-up incubator YetiZen. The event featured at least three girls in white outfits dancing, one was in a shorter t-shirt, another in a furry outfit. Backlash over the presence of these female dancers resulted in the several people resigning in
455:
convention devoted to video game development. The awards were designed "to celebrate the contributions of individuals and discipline teams across the many facets of game development", with several awards given in each category of Art, Audio, Design, Engineering and
Technology, Support, Writing and
528:
from the IGDA's Women in Games
Special Interest Group steering committee. On the day following the party IGDA Executive Director Kate Edwards issued an apology stating "We regret that the IGDA was involved in this situation. We do not condone activities that objectify or demean women or any other
532:
On 20 November 2014 the IGDA added a link to "A Twitter tool to block some of the worst offenders in the recent wave of harassment" to their Online
Harassment Resources web page. However, due to the method of the list's generation several IGDA members including the Chairman of IGDA Puerto Rico
389:, intended to provide an informal way to connect game developers within local communities. Chapters vary greatly in size and meeting attendance. They provide forums, for example, for discussions on current issues in the computer gaming industry and demos of the latest games.
486:
IGDA Global
Mentorship Program – As described on the IGDA website: it "provides a way for IGDA members to support each other and to progress their career. The program allows for mentees to get advice from people in their field and mentors to practice mentorship and build
464:
The IGDA, through its chapters and SIGs, organises hundreds of events for members of the game development industry including chapter meetings and meetups. However, there are larger events that are organised that bring IGDA's international members together:
407:
are generally formed by the IGDA to conduct research into a subject, normally for a short period, leading to a single report. Some, however, are semi-permanent, and produce yearly reports. Some of these reports lead to gaming industry
262:
Crawford's living room event in April 1988, the CGDC, had brought in 26 or 27 game developers. It was such a success that on the spot a steering committee was formed to host a larger event six months later at a
Holiday Inn in
267:, which drew 127 developers. Then this event continued to be held each Spring. It grew rapidly, by 50% or more each year, moving to larger and larger venues. Early conference directors included developers such as Crawford,
312:
The two organisations, the CGDA and the IGDN, ran more or less in parallel for a while, and then merged in 1999 as the
International Game Developers Association, with David Walker and Tim Brengle as members No. 1 and 2.
472:
IGDA Scholars
Program – The IGDA Scholars Program is a program that awards promising students in game development and related disciplines passes to key conferences related to game development (e.g.
483:
IGDA Leadership Track at
Southern Interactive Entertainment and Game Expo (SIEGE) – The IGDA Leadership Track at SIEGE will encompass a broad range of topics pertinent to the heads of game studios.
1389:
282:, or CGDA, taking over the membership list from Walker and Brengle's CEDA. Initial board members included David Walker, Tim Brengle, Anne Westfall, and Ernest Adams, who became Chair.
984:
503:
IGDA Leadership Forum – Focuses on advancing the state of the art in game production and management, and encompasses a broad range of leadership topics relevant to game development.
469:
IGDA Summit – The IGDA Summit highlights the expertise, insights and experience of the global IGDA membership – from board members and staff to key volunteers and engaged members.
227:, suggested that he hold a gathering. Crawford took her suggestion, made announcements in two issues of the journal, and hosted the first event in April 1988 in his living room in
1264:
440:
Student and
Academic Relations – setting curriculum guidelines, enhancing collaboration between industry and academia and providing guidance to students wanting a career in games
1580:
1449:
500:– Now managed by the Global Game Jam, Inc., the Global Game Jam is an event that organises developers, artists and game designers to create games within a 48-hour period.
480:) and includes mentorship from key members of the game development industry, opportunities to visit local studios or meetings with senior figures in the industry.
1419:
1048:
512:
In 2009, Timothy
Langdell resigned from the IGDA board after a movement to remove him due to his activities in enforcing the trademark name "Edge" used by
959:
203:
The beginnings of the IGDA emerged from several other organisations for computer game developers which were forming in the late 1980s and early 1990s:
1585:
1570:
1097:
326:
1381:
451:
The IGDA introduced the first annual Global Industry Game Awards (GIGA) in August 2021, in collaboration with devcom, a branch of the annual
981:
686:
375:
123:
839:
813:
787:
660:
1001:
1256:
1555:
1501:
1325:
1527:
1441:
1225:
427:
Diversity – ensuring that people from a wide range of backgrounds and their needs are represented in the game development industry
417:
Aside from bringing game developers together, the IGDA focuses on the following issues present in the game development industry:
1023:
1575:
583:
1471:
212:
437:
Business and Legal Issues – empowering the development community with business knowledge and advocating for developers
1560:
1411:
537:
were added to the list of harassers. These errors resulted in the IGDA removing the link to the tool on 22 November.
224:
865:
195:
1052:
1199:
1169:
861:
835:
809:
682:
656:
216:
951:
783:
477:
1356:
1565:
1087:
631:
520:
473:
305:. It had its own conference, the International Game Developers Network Conference, launched in 1998 in
888:
184:
739:
248:
In 1992, in response to a need for a professional organisation, Brengle and Walker also created the
187:, everyone who participates in any way in the game development process is welcome to join the IGDA.
332:
Day-to-day operations of the IGDA are handled by Executive Directors. Since 1994, these have been:
165:
608:
393:
1286:
169:
31:
1120:
1497:
456:
Narrative, and other awards, rather than focusing on the whole studio behind a given game.
264:
228:
17:
8:
1333:
1523:
1233:
549:
603:
573:," paragraph 1. International Game Developers Association. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
1092:
342:
91:
363:
180:
988:
534:
497:
421:
398:
336:
283:
1475:
1147:
424:– making the process of game development easier and more pleasant for everyone.
351:
715:
1549:
937:
525:
369:
306:
302:
287:
272:
268:
219:. He had already been producing a bimonthly newsletter for game developers,
1412:"IGDA draws backlash, member resignations over female dancers at GDC party"
599:
357:
298:
1088:"FBI working with game developer association to combat online harassment"
1077:." International Game Developers Association. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
991:." International Game Developers Association. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
586:." International Game Developers Association. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
758:
245:, 1991–1993, created by Tim Brengle and David Walker, which met monthly
513:
286:
became the first Executive Director. In 1997 when elections were held,
940:." International Game Developers Association. Retrieved 19 August 2023
179:
nonprofit organisation. It has over 12,000 members from all fields of
1074:
743:
176:
76:
1203:
1177:
716:"The history of Game Developers Conference (documentary, 2019/2020)"
893:
452:
431:
172:
around the world in achieving fulfilling and sustainable careers."
570:
183:. In recognition of the wide-ranging, multidisciplinary nature of
1300:
252:. Dues were $ 75/year, and included a subscription to Crawford's
87:
199:
Attendees at the April 1988 Computer Game Developers Conference
915:
444:
Starting in 2014, the association has been working with the
293:
A separate organisation was also created in 1996, the IGDN,
46:
1150:. International Game Developers Association. 30 August 2021
1024:"Dr. Jakin Vela is the new executive director of the IGDA"
1125:
1121:"Hades Wins Big at Inaugural Global Game Industry Awards"
445:
278:
In 1994 the CGDC then sponsored its own association, the
238:, 1989–1991, created by Richard Pferdner and David Walker
1382:"Really? IGDA Party At GDC Brings On The Female Dancers"
840:"Endpage: Ruminations on the Game Designer's Symposium"
256:. CEDA gained members both locally and internationally.
982:
IGDA Appoints Jen MacLean Permanent Executive Director
223:, since 1987. One of the subscribers, game programmer
1581:
Professional associations based in the United States
1002:"IGDA Appoints New Executive Director Renee Gittins"
655:
539:
145:
243:
Bay Area Computer Entertainment Developers meetings
175:The IGDA is incorporated in the United States as a
448:to deal with the online harassment of developers.
1049:"IGDA Education SIG Spawns First Global Game Jam"
778:
776:
1547:
1257:"SIEGE Adds IGDA Leadership Track for Game Devs"
168:whose stated mission is to "support and empower
40:International Game Developers Association (IGDA)
860:
834:
808:
681:
325:is the governing body of the IGDA. As of 2023,
828:
782:
773:
598:
250:Computer Entertainment Developers Association
236:Los Angeles Computer Game Developers meetings
994:
886:
629:
30:"IGDA" redirects here. For other uses, see
908:
866:"The Computer Game Developer's Conference"
594:
592:
430:Anti-Censorship – recognising games as an
382:Other structures within the IGDA include:
1442:"IGDA Responds to the GDC Party Faux Pas"
952:"IGDA chief Gordon Bellamy joins Tencent"
949:
814:"Computer Game Developer's Conference II"
158:International Game Developers Association
68:(as Computer Game Developers Association)
1586:1994 establishments in the United States
1051:. IGDA. 23 November 2008. Archived from
802:
753:
751:
584:IGDA Relaunches with New Member Benefits
329:is the chair of the board of directors.
194:
1571:International professional associations
943:
675:
649:
589:
14:
1548:
1254:
1530:from the original on 26 November 2014
1504:from the original on 26 November 2014
1422:from the original on 28 November 2014
1357:"Tim Langell Resigns from IGDA Board"
1267:from the original on 19 February 2014
1118:
1100:from the original on 8 September 2014
788:"Report on the April Games Symposium"
748:
710:
708:
706:
704:
295:International Game Developers Network
27:US nonprofit professional association
1392:from the original on 19 October 2014
1354:
1326:"Welcome IGDA Leadership Forum Fans"
1021:
962:from the original on 1 February 2014
280:Computer Game Developers Association
844:The Journal of Computer Game Design
818:The Journal of Computer Game Design
792:The Journal of Computer Game Design
691:The Journal of Computer Game Design
665:The Journal of Computer Game Design
636:The Journal of Computer Game Design
221:The Journal of Computer Game Design
213:Computer Game Developers Conference
24:
1287:"Global Mentorship Program – IGDA"
701:
25:
1597:
1556:Organizations established in 1994
1472:"IGDA Online Harassment Resource"
1452:from the original on 24 July 2014
661:"A Symposium for Game Designers?"
209:Computer Game Designers Symposium
1524:"Kate Edwards (IGDA) – @IGDA_ED"
950:Takahashi, Dean (30 July 2012).
659:(December 1987 – January 1988).
542:
507:
290:became the first elected chair.
45:
1516:
1498:"Roberto Rosario – @siloraptor"
1490:
1464:
1434:
1404:
1374:
1348:
1318:
1293:
1279:
1248:
1218:
1192:
1162:
1140:
1119:Plant, Logan (30 August 2021).
1112:
1080:
1067:
1041:
1015:
974:
930:
880:
854:
434:, and as a medium of expression
254:Journal of Computer Game Design
887:Dunkin, Alan (28 April 2000).
733:
623:
576:
563:
13:
1:
1576:Video game trade associations
1355:Good, Owen (31 August 2009).
1148:"Global Industry Game Awards"
556:
478:Electronic Entertainment Expo
316:
7:
1022:Kerr, Chris (18 May 2022).
459:
412:
132:Chair of board of directors
59:; 30 years ago
10:
1602:
1200:"About | IGDA Summit"
474:Game Developers Conference
190:
29:
491:
215:, was started in 1988 by
185:interactive entertainment
140:
130:
117:
107:
97:
83:
72:
53:
44:
1561:Video game organizations
1226:"About the Scholarships"
297:, run by people such as
166:professional association
1301:"About Global Game Jam"
938:IGDA Board of Directors
685:(February–March 1988).
394:Special Interest Groups
275:, and Ernest W. Adams.
687:"The Symposium Is On!"
524:protest, most notably
348:Joshua Caulfield, 2009
200:
211:, later known as the
198:
136:Margaret Krohn (2023)
32:IGDA (disambiguation)
1538:– via Twitter.
1512:– via Twitter.
1096:. 4 September 2014.
889:"IGDN comes to town"
729:– via YouTube.
604:"Let's Get Together"
265:Milpitas, California
229:San Jose, California
1478:on 20 November 2014
1336:on 1 September 2013
1330:EventsForGamers.com
1206:on 5 September 2013
1180:on 5 September 2013
41:
1566:Game accessibility
987:2018-12-29 at the
864:(14 August 2010).
838:(June–July 1988).
812:(June–July 1988).
786:(June–July 1988).
602:(2 October 2007).
550:Video games portal
529:group of people."
323:board of directors
271:, Nicky Robinson,
201:
119:Executive Director
39:
1418:. 28 March 2013.
1305:GlobalGameJam.org
630:Crawford, Chris.
343:Jason Della Rocca
164:) is a nonprofit
154:
153:
92:interactive media
16:(Redirected from
1593:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1474:. Archived from
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1332:. Archived from
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1232:. Archived from
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1202:. Archived from
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1176:. Archived from
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
998:
992:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
947:
941:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
858:
852:
851:
832:
826:
825:
806:
800:
799:
780:
771:
770:
768:
766:
755:
746:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
720:
712:
699:
698:
679:
673:
672:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
627:
621:
620:
618:
616:
596:
587:
580:
574:
567:
552:
547:
546:
545:
364:Jennifer MacLean
181:game development
150:
147:
67:
65:
60:
49:
42:
38:
21:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
995:
989:Wayback Machine
979:
975:
965:
963:
956:Venturebeat.com
948:
944:
935:
931:
921:
919:
914:
913:
909:
899:
897:
885:
881:
871:
869:
862:Crawford, Chris
859:
855:
836:Crawford, Chris
833:
829:
810:Crawford, Chris
807:
803:
781:
774:
764:
762:
757:
756:
749:
738:
734:
724:
722:
721:. 3 August 2020
718:
714:
713:
702:
683:Crawford, Chris
680:
676:
657:Crawford, Chris
654:
650:
640:
638:
628:
624:
614:
612:
597:
590:
581:
577:
568:
564:
559:
548:
543:
541:
535:Roberto Rosario
510:
498:Global Game Jam
494:
487:relationships."
462:
422:Quality of life
415:
399:Global Game Jam
337:Jennifer Pahlka
319:
284:Jennifer Pahlka
193:
170:game developers
144:
133:
120:
110:
100:
63:
61:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1599:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1542:
1541:
1515:
1489:
1463:
1433:
1403:
1373:
1347:
1317:
1292:
1278:
1247:
1236:on 3 June 2013
1217:
1191:
1161:
1139:
1111:
1079:
1066:
1055:on 14 May 2009
1040:
1028:Game Developer
1014:
993:
973:
942:
929:
907:
879:
853:
827:
801:
784:Johnson, Cliff
772:
759:"David Walker"
747:
732:
700:
674:
648:
622:
588:
575:
571:About the IGDA
561:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
493:
490:
489:
488:
484:
481:
470:
461:
458:
442:
441:
438:
435:
428:
425:
414:
411:
410:
409:
402:
390:
380:
379:
378:, 2022–present
373:
367:
361:
355:
352:Gordon Bellamy
349:
346:
340:
327:Margaret Krohn
318:
315:
260:
259:
258:
257:
239:
232:
225:Nicky Robinson
217:Chris Crawford
192:
189:
152:
151:
142:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
88:Computer games
85:
81:
80:
74:
70:
69:
55:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1598:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1266:
1262:
1261:Gamasutra.com
1258:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1149:
1143:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1003:
997:
990:
986:
983:
977:
961:
957:
953:
946:
939:
933:
917:
911:
896:
895:
890:
883:
867:
863:
857:
849:
845:
841:
837:
831:
823:
819:
815:
811:
805:
797:
793:
789:
785:
779:
777:
760:
754:
752:
745:
741:
736:
717:
711:
709:
707:
705:
696:
692:
688:
684:
678:
670:
666:
662:
658:
652:
637:
633:
632:"(directory)"
626:
611:
610:
605:
601:
600:Hoffman, Erin
595:
593:
585:
579:
572:
566:
562:
551:
540:
538:
536:
530:
527:
526:Brenda Romero
522:
517:
515:
508:Controversies
502:
499:
496:
495:
485:
482:
479:
475:
471:
468:
467:
466:
457:
454:
449:
447:
439:
436:
433:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:
418:
406:
403:
400:
396:
395:
391:
388:
385:
384:
383:
377:
374:
371:
370:Renee Gittins
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
334:
333:
330:
328:
324:
314:
310:
308:
307:Austin, Texas
304:
303:Gordon Walton
300:
296:
291:
289:
288:Noah Falstein
285:
281:
276:
274:
273:Anne Westfall
270:
269:Brenda Laurel
266:
255:
251:
247:
246:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
204:
197:
188:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
149:
143:
139:
135:
129:
125:
122:
116:
112:
106:
102:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
1532:. Retrieved
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1445:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1415:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1360:
1350:
1340:11 September
1338:. Retrieved
1334:the original
1329:
1320:
1310:11 September
1308:. Retrieved
1304:
1295:
1281:
1271:11 September
1269:. Retrieved
1260:
1255:GamesPress.
1250:
1240:11 September
1238:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1229:
1220:
1210:11 September
1208:. Retrieved
1204:the original
1194:
1184:11 September
1182:. Retrieved
1178:the original
1173:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1124:
1114:
1104:15 September
1102:. Retrieved
1091:
1082:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
996:
976:
966:11 September
964:. Retrieved
955:
945:
932:
920:. Retrieved
910:
898:. Retrieved
892:
882:
870:. Retrieved
868:. Erasmatazz
856:
847:
843:
830:
821:
817:
804:
795:
791:
763:. Retrieved
740:David Walker
735:
723:. Retrieved
694:
690:
677:
668:
664:
651:
639:. Retrieved
635:
625:
613:. Retrieved
609:The Escapist
607:
578:
565:
531:
518:
511:
463:
450:
443:
416:
404:
392:
386:
381:
358:Kate Edwards
331:
322:
320:
311:
299:Marc Mencher
294:
292:
279:
277:
261:
253:
249:
242:
235:
220:
208:
202:
174:
161:
157:
155:
126:(since 2022)
109:Membership
99:Area served
79:organisation
36:
1534:25 November
1508:25 November
1482:25 November
1456:25 November
1426:25 November
1416:Polygon.com
1396:25 November
519:During the
372:, 2019–2022
113:Over 12,000
1550:Categories
1361:kotaku.com
922:1 December
918:. igda.org
916:"About Us"
900:1 December
872:1 December
765:1 December
761:. LinkedIn
725:1 December
641:1 December
615:1 December
557:References
514:Edge Games
408:standards.
405:Committees
376:Jakin Vela
124:Jakin Vela
1366:22 August
1154:30 August
1132:30 August
1059:27 August
1033:15 August
744:MobyGames
317:Structure
177:501(c)(6)
103:Worldwide
77:501(c)(6)
54:Formation
1528:Archived
1502:Archived
1450:Archived
1420:Archived
1390:Archived
1265:Archived
1230:IGDA.org
1174:IGDA.org
1098:Archived
1075:Advocacy
985:Archived
960:Archived
894:GameSpot
476:and the
460:Programs
453:Gamescom
432:art form
413:Advocacy
387:Chapters
1170:"About"
1093:Polygon
1007:18 July
719:(video)
191:History
141:Website
62: (
1446:Forbes
1386:Forbes
492:Events
366:, 2017
360:, 2012
354:, 2010
345:, 2000
339:, 1994
84:Focus
1536:2014
1510:2014
1484:2014
1458:2014
1428:2014
1398:2014
1368:2021
1342:2013
1312:2013
1273:2013
1242:2013
1212:2013
1186:2013
1156:2021
1134:2021
1106:2014
1061:2009
1035:2023
1009:2019
968:2013
924:2021
902:2021
874:2021
850:(7).
824:(7).
798:(7).
767:2021
727:2021
697:(5).
671:(4).
643:2021
617:2021
321:The
301:and
241:The
234:The
207:The
162:IGDA
156:The
148:.org
146:igda
90:and
73:Type
64:1994
57:1994
18:IGDA
1126:IGN
742:at
521:GDC
446:FBI
1552::
1526:.
1500:.
1448:.
1444:.
1414:.
1388:.
1384:.
1359:.
1328:.
1303:.
1263:.
1259:.
1228:.
1172:.
1123:.
1090:.
1026:.
958:.
954:.
891:.
846:.
842:.
820:.
816:.
794:.
790:.
775:^
750:^
703:^
693:.
689:.
667:.
663:.
634:.
606:.
591:^
516:.
309:.
1486:.
1460:.
1430:.
1400:.
1370:.
1344:.
1314:.
1289:.
1275:.
1244:.
1214:.
1188:.
1158:.
1136:.
1108:.
1073:"
1063:.
1037:.
1011:.
980:"
970:.
936:"
926:.
904:.
876:.
848:1
822:1
796:1
769:.
695:1
669:1
645:.
619:.
582:"
569:"
401:.
231:.
160:(
66:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.