141:. Individual countries' use of the bands designated in these sections may differ due to variations in national radio regulations. Because communication devices using the ISM bands must tolerate any interference from ISM equipment, unlicensed operations are typically permitted to use these bands, since unlicensed operation typically needs to be tolerant of interference from other devices anyway. The ISM bands share allocations with unlicensed and licensed operations; however, due to the high likelihood of harmful interference, licensed use of the bands is typically low. In the United States, uses of the ISM bands are governed by
719:
767:"The delegate of the United States, referring to his request that the frequency 2450 Mc/s be allocated for I.S.M., indicated that there was in existence in the United States, and working on this frequency a diathermy machine and an electronic cooker, and that the latter might eventually be installed in transatlantic ships and airplanes. There was therefore some point in attempting to reach world agreement on this subject."
782:
available in the ISM bands in rules adopted on May 9, 1985. The FCC action was proposed by
Michael Marcus of the FCC staff in 1980 and the subsequent regulatory action took five more years. It was part of a broader proposal to allow civil use of spread spectrum technology and was opposed at the time
176:
In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national tables of frequency allocations and utilisations which are within the responsibilities of the appropriate national administrations. The allocation
1126:/ ANT+ (originates from Adaptive Network Topology) is a proprietary (but open access) multicast wireless sensor network technology designed and marketed by ANT Wireless. ANT devices may use any RF frequency from 2400MHz to 2524MHz, with the exception of 2457MHz, which is reserved for ANT+ devices.
1038:
in the 915 MHz, 2.450 GHz, and 5.800 GHz bands. Because unlicensed devices are required to be tolerant of ISM emissions in these bands, unlicensed low-power users are generally able to operate in these bands without causing problems for ISM users. ISM equipment does not necessarily
1042:
In the United States, according to 47 CFR Part 15.5, low power communication devices must accept interference from licensed users of that frequency band, and the Part 15 device must not cause interference to licensed users. Note that the 915 MHz band should not be used in countries outside
1160:
are designed to make use of spectrum outside the ISM bands. Despite the fact that these additional bands are outside the official ITU-R ISM bands, because they are used for the same types of low power personal communications, they are sometimes incorrectly referred to as ISM bands as well.
1258:
industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications (of radio frequency energy): Operation of equipment or appliances designed to generate and use locally radio frequency energy for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar purposes, excluding applications in the field of
761:. The American delegation specifically proposed several bands, including the now commonplace 2.4 GHz band, to accommodate the then nascent process of microwave heating; however, FCC annual reports of that time suggest that much preparation was done ahead of these presentations.
85:, so these devices are limited to certain bands of frequencies. In general, communications equipment operating in ISM bands must tolerate any interference generated by ISM applications, and users have no regulatory protection from ISM device operation in these bands.
96:
systems, since these bands are often approved for such devices, which can be used without a government license, as would otherwise be required for transmitters; ISM frequencies are often chosen for this purpose as they already must tolerate interference issues.
859:, which are now by far the largest uses of these bands. These are sometimes called "non ISM" uses since they do not fall under the originally envisioned "industrial", "scientific", and "medical" application areas. One of the largest applications has been
827:
The original ISM specifications envisioned that the bands would be used primarily for noncommunication purposes, such as heating. The bands are still widely used for these purposes. For many people, the most commonly encountered ISM device is the home
695:
ITU RR, (Footnote 5.280) = In
Germany, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia and Switzerland, the band 433.05–434.79 MHz (center frequency 433.92 MHz) is designated for
692:(footnote 5.150) = frequency bands are also designated for ISM applications. Radiocommunication services operating within these bands must accept harmful interference which may be caused by these applications.
770:
Radio frequencies in the ISM bands have been used for communication purposes, although such devices may experience interference from non-communication sources. In the United States, as early as 1958 Class D
1079:
1302:
682:. The use of these frequency bands for ISM applications shall be subject to special authorization by the administration concerned, in agreement with other administrations whose
1465:
161:, some of which operate in ISM bands. The use of the ISM bands is regulated by the national spectrum regulation authorities that are members of the CEPT.
700:. Radio communication services of these countries operating within this band must accept harmful interference which may be caused by these applications.
142:
1148:
Wireless LANs and cordless phones can also use bands other than those shared with ISM, but such uses require approval on a country by country basis.
855:, and the attraction of unlicensed use, has in recent decades led to an explosion of uses of these bands for short range communication systems for
1439:
93:
1149:
1044:
1309:
1521:
1503:
177:
might be primary, secondary, exclusive, or shared. Exclusive or shared utilization is within the responsibility of administrations.
820:
686:
might be affected. In applying this provision, administrations shall have due regard to the latest relevant ITU-R Recommendations.
1348:
1222:
1441:
International
Conference on Emerging Trends in Electronic and Photonic Devices and Systems (ELECTRO-2009), December 22-24, 2009
1026:
In recent years ISM bands have also been shared with (non-ISM) license-free error-tolerant communications applications such as
1528:
1376:
1277:
Radio
Regulations 2020, CHAPTER II – Frequencies, ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations, Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations
895:
is another networking technology using the 2.4 GHz band, which can be problematic given the probability of interference.
871:
wireless networking protocols, the standards on which almost all wireless systems are based, use the ISM bands. Virtually all
1048:
1018:
is a prototype spacecraft propulsion engine which uses a 13.56 MHz transmission to break down and heat gas into plasma.
806:
138:
1530:
contains some of the regulations for wireless LAN devices operating in three of the low power communication, Part 15, bands.
1414:
832:
operating at 2.45 GHz which uses microwaves to cook food. Industrial heating is another big application area; such as
360:
1274:
844:
machines use radio waves in the ISM bands to apply deep heating to the body for relaxation and healing. More recently
1182:
used ISM bands (specifically 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands) for balloon-to-balloon and balloon-to-ground communications.
1449:
146:
88:
Despite the intent of the original allocations, in recent years the fastest-growing use of these bands has been for
1542:
1055:(RFID) applications with the most commonly used band being the 13.56 MHz band used by systems compliant with
819:
energy for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar purposes, excluding applications in the field of
283:
1118:
1052:
940:
153:
contains the rules for unlicensed communication devices, even those that share ISM frequencies. In Europe, the
125:) may all use the ISM frequencies, although these low-power transmitters are not considered to be ISM devices.
851:
However, as detailed below, the increasing congestion of the radio spectrum, the increasing sophistication of
1493:
1012:
1001:
74:
907:
use the lower-frequency 13 and 27 MHz ISM bands. Other short-range devices using the ISM bands are:
764:
The report of the August 9th 1947 meeting of the
Allocation of Frequencies committee includes the remark:
318:
1335:"Documents of the International Radio Conference (Atlantic City, 1947) - Doc. No. 701-800 - No. 749 R-E"
837:
1580:
1047:, except those that specifically allow it, such as Australia and Israel, especially those that use the
683:
445:
Mobile except aeronautical mobile & Radiolocation service; in Region 2 additional
Amateur service
1289:"Documents of the International Radio Conference (Atlantic City, 1947) - Doc. No. 1-100 - No. 28 R-E"
730:
551:
1402:
Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications (of radio frequency energy) / ISM application
896:
106:
17:
1511:
1349:"Authorization of Spread Spectrum Systems Under Parts 15 and 90 of the FCC Rules and Regulations"
1027:
1005:
932:
590:
512:
62:
1064:
904:
749:
The ISM bands were first established at the
International Telecommunications Conference of the
626:
1168:
band range for low power remote control of toys, from gas powered cars to miniature aircraft.
1152:
phones use allocated spectrum outside the ISM bands that differs in Europe and North
America.
1156:
LANs require more spectrum than the ISM bands can provide, so the relevant standards such as
984:
systems have been proposed and experimented with which would use high-power transmitters and
810:
402:
134:
786:
Many other countries later developed similar regulations, enabling use of this technology.
1498:
1207:
1039:
include a radio receiver in the ISM band (e.g. a microwave oven does not have a receiver).
924:
845:
1400:
ITU Radio
Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.15, definition:
8:
1075:
989:
908:
860:
158:
150:
78:
31:
1334:
1288:
1575:
1352:
1202:
1190:
1071:
1060:
1035:
951:
916:
880:
110:
89:
54:
1445:
833:
1171:
Worldwide
Digital Cordless Telecommunications or WDCT is a technology that uses the
1097:
958:
852:
775:, a Part 95 service, was allocated to frequencies that are also allocated to ISM.
704:
118:
1515:
944:
876:
856:
816:
795:
Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications (of radio frequency energy)
779:
664:
398:
58:
1380:
1212:
1157:
1153:
993:
981:
974:
900:
888:
829:
245:
98:
66:
46:
1569:
1524:
1186:
1129:
1123:
1056:
955:
928:
868:
772:
754:
240:
1246:
1179:
1031:
1015:
936:
912:
114:
815:
Operation of equipment or appliances designed to generate and use locally
1104:
966:
962:
718:
783:
by mainstream equipment manufacturers and many radio system operators.
625:
Earth exploration satellite (passive), fixed, inter-satellite, mobile,
436:
392:
42:
1144:
ISM bands because of frequency sharing between different allocations.
1114:
970:
892:
884:
841:
102:
82:
70:
1090:
band is allowed for license-free voice communication in addition to
985:
920:
323:
1351:. Federal Communications Commission. June 18, 1985. Archived from
1509:
European Radiocommunications Office frequency information system
1256:. International Telecommunication Union. 19 October 2009. 1.15.
1217:
1185:
Pursuant to 47 CFR Part 97 some ISM bands are used by licensed
1133:
1091:
1087:
872:
30:
This article is about ISM radio bands. Not to be confused with
73:
machines. The powerful emissions of these devices can create
1406:
1108:
1051:
band for cellphones. The ISM bands are also widely used for
864:
169:
The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to
122:
1083:
997:
758:
154:
1030:
in the 915 MHz and 2.450 GHz bands, as well as
840:
processes. In medical settings, shortwave and microwave
750:
1379:. George Mason University. April 4, 2008. Archived from
137:(article 5) in footnotes 5.138, 5.150, and 5.280 of the
1189:
operators for communication – including
1508:
678:(footnote 5.138) = frequency bands are designated for
848:
uses microwaves to heat tissue to kill cancer cells.
954:designs are ISM devices, which use RF emissions to
1303:Thirteenth Annual Report of the FCC, June 30, 1947
1164:Several brands of radio control equipment use the
836:, microwave heat treating, plastic softening, and
1070:In Europe, the use of the ISM band is covered by
189:
1567:
651:
613:
645:
636:
607:
598:
577:
538:
500:
465:
376:
367:
290:
252:
571:
562:
532:
523:
427:
339:
330:
299:
261:
213:
1136:and other personal area networks may use the
1004:on 2.45 GHz to send energy collected by
557:Earth exploration-satellite service (active)
494:
485:
459:
450:
382:
222:
173:of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012).
421:
412:
305:
1527:describes the regulation of the ISM bands.
1437:
1377:"The Genesis of Unlicensed Wireless Policy"
1308:(Report). pp. 8, 50–51. Archived from
778:In the U.S., the FCC first made unlicensed
345:
267:
228:
57:. Examples of applications for the use of
1412:
891:using the 2.4 and 5.7 GHz ISM bands.
53:(ISM) purposes, excluding applications in
1269:
1267:
1078:, based on technical recommendations by
669:Amateur & amateur-satellite service
518:Amateur & amateur-satellite service
480:Amateur & amateur-satellite service
164:
1223:Electromagnetic interference at 2.4 GHz
973:to heat sulfur into a brightly glowing
807:International Telecommunication Union's
14:
1568:
1264:
1021:
1111:2450 MHz and 5800 MHz bands
996:, to send power to remote locations.
593:, mobile & radiolocation service
195:
192:
1499:ITU page on definitions of ISM bands
713:
1525:07/47cfr18 07.html Title 47 Part 18
1247:"ARTICLE 1 - Terms and Definitions"
361:Earth exploration-satellite service
61:(RF) energy in these bands include
51:industrial, scientific, and medical
24:
1466:"ANT / ANT+ Defined - THIS IS ANT"
1100:devices use wavebands as follows:
407:With provisions of footnote 5.280
317:Fixed & mobile service except
157:develops standards for the use of
25:
1592:
1485:
147:Federal Communications Commission
133:The ISM bands are defined by the
1543:"Recommendation ITU-R SM.1896-1"
1415:"Why does Bluetooth still suck?"
1413:Eizikowitz, Grant (2018-03-05).
717:
1535:
1458:
1431:
1117:2450 MHz band falls under
789:
284:Aeronautical mobile (R) service
1444:. Macmillan Publishers India.
1394:
1369:
1341:
1327:
1295:
1281:
1239:
1053:radio-frequency identification
1011:Also in space applications, a
395:, subject to local acceptance
13:
1:
1504:ITU page on Radio Regulations
1233:
943:systems for merchandise, and
359:Fixed, mobile services &
128:
49:reserved internationally for
1002:microwave power transmission
477:Fixed, mobile, radiolocation
75:electromagnetic interference
7:
1196:
990:overhead transmission lines
965:are commercially available
684:radiocommunication services
660:Subject to local acceptance
622:Subject to local acceptance
586:Subject to local acceptance
439:only (with some exceptions)
319:Aeronautical mobile service
237:Subject to local acceptance
27:Radio frequency allocations
10:
1597:
1494:Cordless phone frequencies
969:, which use 2.45 GHz
709:
702:
119:wireless computer networks
29:
181:ITU frequency allocations
1438:Chakrabarti, P. (2009).
1228:
1059:including those used by
1028:wireless sensor networks
897:Near-field communication
627:space research (passive)
107:near-field communication
1065:contactless smart cards
905:contactless smart cards
515:, radiolocation, mobile
282:Mobile services except
94:wireless communications
1074:regulations issued by
1006:solar power satellites
899:(NFC) devices such as
1086:. In most of Europe,
925:keyless entry systems
811:ITU Radio Regulations
801:) are – according to
703:Further information:
403:radiolocation service
165:Frequency allocations
135:ITU Radio Regulations
1208:Frequency allocation
1013:helicon double-layer
1008:back to the ground.
945:wild animal tracking
909:wireless microphones
846:hyperthermia therapy
1259:telecommunications.
1076:European Commission
1061:biometric passports
1022:Common non-ISM uses
935:(drones), wireless
917:garage door openers
861:wireless networking
813:(RR) – defined as «
159:short-range devices
149:(FCC) rules, while
111:garage door openers
79:radio communication
32:Short-range devices
1514:2009-04-08 at the
1203:Short-range device
1191:amateur television
1132: –
1072:Short Range Device
1000:has studied using
994:underground cables
952:electrodeless lamp
821:telecommunications
729:. You can help by
55:telecommunications
1581:Radio regulations
1470:www.thisisant.com
1358:on March 14, 2007
1082:and standards by
959:fluorescent tubes
881:computer printers
834:induction heating
747:
746:
673:
672:
552:amateur-satellite
193:Center frequency
139:Radio Regulations
16:(Redirected from
1588:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1539:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1455:
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1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1419:Business Insider
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:on June 24, 2008
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:on June 21, 2013
1314:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1243:
1175:radio spectrum.
1174:
1167:
1143:
1139:
1098:Wireless network
887:now have 802.11
877:tablet computers
857:wireless devices
853:microelectronics
799:ISM applications
742:
739:
721:
714:
705:ISM applications
698:ISM applications
680:ISM applications
653:
647:
638:
631:Amateur service
615:
609:
600:
579:
573:
564:
540:
534:
525:
502:
496:
487:
467:
461:
452:
429:
423:
414:
384:
378:
373:434.79 MHz
369:
347:
341:
332:
307:
301:
296:27.283 MHz
292:
269:
263:
258:13.567 MHz
254:
230:
224:
215:
187:
186:
21:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1516:Wayback Machine
1488:
1483:
1474:
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1464:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1436:
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1421:
1411:
1407:
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1300:
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1265:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1199:
1172:
1165:
1141:
1137:
1036:cordless phones
1024:
901:proximity cards
889:wireless modems
838:plastic welding
817:radio frequency
792:
780:spread spectrum
743:
737:
734:
727:needs expansion
712:
707:
665:radio astronomy
663:radiolocation,
591:Inter-satellite
554:, radiolocation
529:24.25 GHz
513:Fixed-satellite
491:5.875 GHz
399:Amateur service
219:6.795 MHz
190:Frequency range
167:
131:
109:(NFC) devices,
99:Cordless phones
81:using the same
67:microwave ovens
59:radio frequency
39:ISM radio bands
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1563:
1562:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1518:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1487:
1486:External links
1484:
1482:
1481:
1457:
1450:
1430:
1405:
1393:
1368:
1340:
1337:. p. 249.
1326:
1294:
1291:. p. 464.
1280:
1263:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Fixed wireless
1210:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1158:IEEE 802.15.4a
1154:Ultra-wideband
1146:
1145:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1023:
1020:
982:wireless power
980:Long-distance
927:for vehicles,
830:microwave oven
791:
788:
745:
744:
738:September 2010
724:
722:
711:
708:
671:
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623:
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605:
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594:
587:
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581:
575:
569:
568:61.5 GHz
566:
559:
558:
555:
548:
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536:
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527:
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337:
336:40.7 MHz
334:
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321:
315:
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309:
303:
297:
294:
287:
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280:
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246:Mobile service
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185:
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130:
127:
69:, and medical
47:radio spectrum
26:
9:
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1451:9780230328518
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1187:amateur radio
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1181:
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1159:
1155:
1151:
1135:
1131:
1130:IEEE 802.15.4
1128:
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1116:
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1058:
1057:ISO/IEC 14443
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:wireless LANs
1029:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:, in lieu of
987:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:channels for
930:
929:radio control
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:baby monitors
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
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823:
822:
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812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
787:
784:
781:
776:
774:
773:Citizens Band
768:
765:
762:
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604:123 GHz
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458:
456:2.5 GHz
455:
449:
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444:
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438:
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432:
426:
420:
418:928 MHz
417:
411:
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241:Fixed service
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115:baby monitors
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19:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:
1537:
1489:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:
1460:
1440:
1433:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1385:. Retrieved
1381:the original
1371:
1360:. Retrieved
1353:the original
1343:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1310:the original
1297:
1283:
1273:
1257:
1253:
1241:
1184:
1180:Project Loon
1177:
1170:
1163:
1147:
1096:
1069:
1041:
1025:
1016:ion thruster
1010:
979:
967:plasma lamps
963:Sulfur lamps
949:
937:surveillance
850:
826:
814:
803:article 1.15
802:
798:
794:
793:
790:Applications
785:
777:
769:
766:
763:
748:
735:
731:adding to it
726:
697:
694:
689:
688:
679:
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674:
208:Other users
205:Primary user
202:Availability
175:
170:
168:
132:
92:, low-power
87:
77:and disrupt
50:
38:
36:
1555:13 February
1520:In the US,
1319:October 10,
1254:life.itu.ch
1105:IEEE 802.11
919:, wireless
869:IEEE 802.11
90:short-range
1570:Categories
1475:2024-04-02
1424:2018-07-15
1387:2008-04-20
1362:2007-08-31
1234:References
971:magnetrons
885:cellphones
129:Definition
63:RF heating
1576:Bandplans
1178:Google's
1115:Bluetooth
986:rectennas
947:systems.
939:systems,
921:doorbells
893:Bluetooth
842:diathermy
550:Amateur,
547:Worldwide
509:Worldwide
474:Worldwide
354:Worldwide
314:Worldwide
276:Worldwide
196:Bandwidth
171:Article 5
105:devices,
103:Bluetooth
83:frequency
71:diathermy
1512:Archived
1197:See also
1142:2450 MHz
1045:Region 2
797:(short:
437:Region 2
393:Region 1
391:only in
324:CB Radio
43:portions
18:ISM band
1173:2.4 GHz
1166:2.4 GHz
1138:915 MHz
1049:GSM-900
873:laptops
867:). The
805:of the
710:History
589:Fixed,
151:Part 15
145:of the
143:Part 18
45:of the
1448:
1218:LPD433
1134:Zigbee
1092:PMR446
1088:LPD433
975:plasma
956:excite
809:(ITU)
690:Type B
676:Type A
533:24.125
401:&
377:433.92
368:433.05
291:26.957
253:13.553
117:, and
1546:(PDF)
1356:(TXT)
1313:(PDF)
1306:(PDF)
1250:(PDF)
1229:Notes
1109:Wi-Fi
950:Some
865:Wi-Fi
608:122.5
572:61.25
486:5.725
442:Fixed
340:40.68
331:40.66
300:27.12
279:Fixed
262:13.56
214:6.765
123:Wi-Fi
1557:2023
1446:ISBN
1321:2012
1150:DECT
1140:and
1119:WPAN
1084:ETSI
1080:CEPT
1063:and
1034:and
998:NASA
992:and
941:RFID
933:UAVs
903:and
883:and
759:1947
654:GHz
648:GHz
616:GHz
610:GHz
580:MHz
574:GHz
541:MHz
535:GHz
503:MHz
497:GHz
468:MHz
462:GHz
460:2.45
430:MHz
424:MHz
385:MHz
383:1.74
379:MHz
348:kHz
342:MHz
308:kHz
302:MHz
270:kHz
264:MHz
231:kHz
225:MHz
223:6.78
199:Type
155:ETSI
41:are
37:The
1550:ITU
1522:CFR
1275:ITU
1124:ANT
824:.»
753:in
751:ITU
733:.
646:245
639:GHz
637:244
601:GHz
599:122
578:500
565:GHz
539:250
526:GHz
501:150
495:5.8
488:GHz
466:100
453:GHz
451:2.4
422:915
415:MHz
413:902
370:MHz
333:MHz
306:326
293:MHz
255:MHz
216:MHz
1572::
1548:.
1468:.
1417:.
1266:^
1252:.
1193:.
1094:.
1067:.
977:.
961:.
923:,
915:,
911:,
879:,
875:,
757:,
657:A
619:A
583:A
563:61
544:B
524:24
506:B
471:B
433:B
428:26
388:A
351:B
346:40
311:B
273:B
268:14
234:A
229:30
113:,
101:,
65:,
1559:.
1478:.
1454:.
1427:.
1390:.
1365:.
1323:.
1107:/
863:(
740:)
736:(
652:2
614:1
121:(
34:.
20:)
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