3717:). A working group (WG) of experts is typically set up by the subcommittee for the preparation of a working draft (e.g., MPEG is a collection of seven working groups as of 2023). When the scope of a new work is sufficiently clarified, some of the working groups may make an open request for proposals—known as a "call for proposals". The first document that is produced, for example, for audio and video coding standards is called a verification model (VM) (previously also called a "simulation and test model"). When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a working draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard, but is kept internal to working group for revision. When a working draft is sufficiently mature and the subcommittee is satisfied that it has developed an appropriate technical document for the problem being addressed, it becomes a committee draft (CD) and is sent to the P-member national bodies of the SC for the collection of formal comments. Revisions may be made in response to the comments, and successive committee drafts may be produced and circulated until consensus is reached to proceed to the next stage, called the "enquiry stage".
2903:
5582:
182:
8486:
54:
3938:
3924:
8911:
8248:
8901:
3033:
3952:
3725:
negative. ISO will then hold a ballot among the national bodies where no technical changes are allowed (a yes/no final approval ballot), within a period of two months. It is approved as an
International Standard (IS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC is in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. After approval, the document is published by the ISO
8921:
3720:
After a consensus to proceed is established, the subcommittee will produce a draft international standard (DIS), and the text is submitted to national bodies for voting and comment within a period of five months. A document in the DIS stage is available to the public for purchase and may be referred
3226:
specification, published prior to the development of a full
International Standard, or, in IEC may be a 'dual logo' publication published in collaboration with an external organization". By convention, both types of specification are named in a manner similar to the organization's technical reports.
3724:
Following consideration of any comments and revision of the document, the draft is then approved for submission as a Final Draft
International Standard (FDIS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC are in favour and if not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are
3709:
It is possible to omit certain stages, if there is a document with a certain degree of maturity at the start of a standardization project, for example, a standard developed by another organization. ISO/IEC directives also allow the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure, a document is
3853:
The process of developing standards within ISO was criticized around 2007 as being too difficult for timely completion of large and complex standards, and some members were failing to respond to ballots, causing problems in completing the necessary steps within the prescribed time limits. In some
3225:
Technical specifications may be produced when "the subject in question is still under development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement to publish an
International Standard". A publicly available specification is usually "an intermediate
2764:
ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and (as of July 2024) it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development.
2969:
ISO is a voluntary organization whose members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one country. Members meet annually at a
General Assembly to discuss the strategic objectives of ISO. The organization is coordinated by a central secretariat based in
3195:
These are issued when a technical committee or subcommittee has collected data of a different kind from that normally published as an
International Standard, such as references and explanations. The naming conventions for these are the same as for standards, except
3737:
International
Workshop Agreements (IWAs) are documents that establish a collaboration agreement that allow "key industry players to negotiate in an open workshop environment" outside of ISO in a way that may eventually lead to development of an ISO standard.
3710:
submitted directly for approval as a draft
International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS), if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.
3892:
blog article in 2008 about the process of standardization of OOXML as saying: "I think it de-values the confidence people have in the standards setting process", and alleged that ISO did not carry out its responsibility. He also said that
3906:
and these things are boring so you have to have a lot of passion ... then suddenly you have an investment of a lot of money and lobbying and you get artificial results. The process is not set up to deal with intensive corporate
2941:
In
October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the International Organization for Standardization. The organization officially began operations on 23 February 1947.
3290:
or more (and electronic copies typically have a single-user license, so they cannot be shared among groups of people). Some standards by ISO and its official U.S. representative (and, via the U.S. National
Committee, the
3017:
There was previously also a JTC 2 that was created in 2009 for a joint project to establish common terminology for "standardization in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources". It was later disbanded.
3276:
ISO/IEC Guide 65:1996 General requirements for bodies operating product certification (since revised and reissued as ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and
3897:
had intensely lobbied many countries that traditionally had not participated in ISO and stacked technical committees with Microsoft employees, solution providers, and resellers sympathetic to Office Open XML:
3303:
A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status are:
5338:
5277:
4825:
4709:
2981:
3234:
ISO/TS 16952-1:2006 Technical product documentation – Reference designation system – Part 1: General application rules (later withdrawn and replaced by ISO/TS 81346-3:2012, which was later withdrawn)
3837:: Dedicated to recognizing the endeavors of ISO's technical professionals, any individual nominated as an expert, project leader, or convenor in a committee working group is eligible for this award.
7574:
5628:
3713:
The first step, a proposal of work (New Proposal), is approved at the relevant subcommittee or technical committee (e.g., SC 29 and JTC 1 respectively in the case of MPEG, the
2853:
Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French), our founders decided to give it the short form
2772:
in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like
5741:
3863:
3746:
On occasion, the fact that many of the ISO-created standards are ubiquitous has led to common use of "ISO" to describe the product that conforms to a standard. Some examples of this are:
3831:: Aimed at young professionals from ISO member nations, this award highlights those who advocate for sustainability-centric standardization and emphasize the importance of partnerships.
5249:
3846:
Except for a relatively small number of standards, ISO standards are not available free of charge, but rather for a purchase fee, which has been seen by some as unaffordable for small
5116:
5897:
3966:
3027:
3854:
cases, alternative processes have been used to develop standards outside of ISO and then submit them for its approval. A more rapid "fast-track" approval procedure was used in
4504:
5851:
5621:
5146:
3060:
1673:
5701:
5311:
4727:
3079:
are countries that do not have their own standards organization. These members are informed about the work of ISO, but do not participate in standards promulgation.
5329:
3126:
International standards are the main products of ISO. It also publishes technical reports, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical
8952:
5614:
4763:
4398:
5776:
4829:
4745:
4705:
4476:
5457:
4336:
2977:
A council with a rotating membership of 20 member bodies provides guidance and governance, including setting the annual budget of the central secretariat.
7086:
5286:
4903:
4010:
2841:
is an abbreviation for "International Standardization Organization" or a similar title in another language, the letters do not officially represent an
3427: (WG) of experts for the preparation of a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which may have several Sub Groups (SG).
5010:
4877:
4001: – CIS technical standards – a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology, and Certification
3862:(OOXML, ISO/IEC 29500, approved in April 2008), and another rapid alternative "publicly available specification" (PAS) process had been used by
3286:
ISO documents have strict copyright restrictions and ISO charges for most copies. As of 2020, the typical cost of a copy of an ISO standard is about
4929:
8761:
7081:
5806:
3247:
When partnering with IEC in their joint technical committee, ISO also sometimes issues "technical corrigenda" (where "corrigenda" is the plural of
8811:
8284:
7303:
3073:
are national bodies considered the most representative standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that have voting rights.
928:
7091:
4552:
8371:
6586:
4237:
3237:
ISO/PAS 11154:2006 Road vehicles – Roof load carriers (later revised in ISO 11154:2023, which does not have the "PAS" abbreviation in its name)
5242:
5223:
5462:
The lack of free online availability has effectively made ISO standard irrelevant to the (home/hacker section of the) Open Source community.
8967:
8931:
5721:
4123:
4027:
8977:
6808:
3877:, the rules of ISO were eventually tightened so that participating members that fail to respond to votes are demoted to observer status.
8962:
8662:
5791:
5550:
5039:
4626:
4021:
1253:
7778:
5061:
8363:
7883:
7803:
7594:
7589:
7435:
5726:
5528:
4593:
4033:
3400:
International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps:
3292:
3165:
3011:
2999:
2781:
315:
5169:
4691:
4497:
3185:
are not used for an incomplete or unpublished standard and, under some circumstances, may be left off the title of a published work.
2883:
During the founding meetings of the new organization, however, the Greek word explanation was not invoked, so this meaning may be a
7601:
4261:
1345:
8645:
5955:
5821:
5801:
5781:
5756:
5746:
1600:
1543:
8957:
8925:
8485:
8367:
8337:
8134:
6324:
5142:
4043:
3978:
3729:, with only minor editorial changes introduced in the publication process before the publication as an International Standard.
8625:
8430:
6496:
5866:
5693:
5688:
4330:
4049:
5438:
4291:
8203:
8004:
7527:
6910:
6501:
6471:
5363:
5196:
4660:
4534:
3902:
When you have a process built on trust and when that trust is abused, ISO should halt the process... ISO is an engineering
1582:
3818:
ISO presents several awards to acknowledge the valuable contributions made in the realm of international standardization:
8277:
7848:
7178:
6975:
5484:
5092:
4723:
4652:
3825:: This award acknowledges outstanding standards development. It is available to all ISO and ISO/IEC technical committees.
3726:
1713:
1655:
1304:
1117:
816:
759:
403:
5498:
5364:"ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, SC 29/WG 11 Structure (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 – Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio)"
5331:
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 – Consolidated ISO Supplement – Procedure for the technical work – Procedures specific to ISO
3991: – International standards organization – for sustainability information and linking up with reporting on their 17#
8658:
8609:
6299:
3859:
1636:
3261:
These are meta-standards covering "matters related to international standardization". They are named using the format
8972:
8375:
7375:
6399:
5902:
5811:
5392:
4985:
4759:
4587:
4390:
5751:
8390:
7939:
7111:
6955:
5917:
5716:
4741:
4472:
3085:
are countries with small economies. They pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards.
8621:
8617:
8599:
8528:
8345:
5860:
5856:
5816:
4138:
4055:
778:
5453:
4313:
8914:
8871:
8866:
8359:
8270:
8034:
8029:
7788:
7736:
4376:
1155:
4983:
ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services
4851:
4781:
4212:
3765:
standard file system as opposed to another file system—hence disc images commonly being referred to as "ISOs".
8861:
8475:
7828:
7158:
6671:
6319:
5871:
5836:
5761:
4936:
4910:
4826:"ISO/IEC JTC 2 Joint Project Committee – Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources – Common terminology"
3355:
FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) – Final Proposed Draft Amendment / Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003/FPDAmd 1)
2750:
1079:
967:
665:
98:
3169:
is included if the standard results from the work of ISO/IEC JTC 1 (the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee).
8806:
8293:
5796:
5771:
4968:
3873:
As was suggested at the time by Martin Bryan, the outgoing convenor (chairman) of working group 1 (WG1) of
3714:
3352:
CD Amd / PDAmd – Committee Draft Amendment / Proposed Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/CD Amd 6)
3089:
Participating members are called "P" members, as opposed to observing members, who are called "O" members.
2448:
1060:
1023:
460:
5002:
4873:
4091:
Some of the 834 Technical Committees of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) include:
8836:
8729:
8692:
8666:
8569:
8173:
7651:
5948:
5907:
5831:
4079:
3988:
539:
5601:, access to most up to date content in ISO standards, graphical symbols, codes or terms and definitions.
8776:
8720:
8654:
8554:
8533:
7833:
7741:
7691:
7450:
6783:
6778:
6177:
5587:
4004:
3010:
and entitled "Information technology", it was created in 1987 and its mission is "to develop worldwide
2875:, meaning "equal"). Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of our name is always
8801:
8650:
8514:
8099:
8044:
7823:
7808:
7066:
6486:
5982:
5786:
4548:
3881:
2509:
1618:
1282:
910:
4241:
3101:
Organizations that manage the specific projects or loan experts to participate in the technical work
1498:
741:
8831:
8739:
8702:
8671:
8584:
8538:
8341:
8297:
8147:
8054:
7843:
7818:
7030:
7025:
4803:
4612:"From setting national standards to coordinating international standards: The formation of the ISO"
3251:). These are amendments made to existing standards to correct minor technical flaws or ambiguities.
1516:
5219:
2902:
8886:
8876:
8826:
8470:
8465:
7701:
7243:
7233:
7228:
6803:
6788:
6728:
6162:
6157:
6117:
5736:
5606:
3173:(American Society for Testing and Materials) is used for standards developed in cooperation with
2570:
1327:
932:
872:
854:
646:
4030: – International partnership organisation for sharing of best practices in customer service
8880:
8851:
8613:
8420:
8251:
8019:
8009:
7138:
6556:
6137:
5941:
4073:
3105:
3003:
2935:
2923:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2758:
2754:
1005:
108:
5279:
Letter Ballot on the JTC 1 Standing Document on Technical Specifications and Technical Reports
8841:
8640:
8559:
8450:
8415:
7440:
6950:
6172:
6142:
6035:
6025:
5986:
5978:
5912:
5846:
4930:"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2: Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards"
4061:
3121:
2100:
1691:
441:
5543:
5035:
4611:
8846:
8781:
8355:
8198:
8104:
7838:
7813:
7656:
7497:
7248:
6935:
6738:
6611:
6394:
5065:
3215:
ISO/TR 19033:2000 Technical product documentation – Metadata for construction documentation
2486:
1930:
1286:
31:
8262:
5521:
4574:
3104:
Subscriptions from member bodies, whose subscriptions are in proportion to each country's
8:
8816:
8766:
8725:
8460:
8333:
8039:
5826:
5479:
5165:
4687:
4070: – Implementation of technical standards based on the consensus of different parties
3874:
3803:, the standardized attachment points for child safety seats, which is marketed as ISOFIX.
2761:
of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes.
1563:
502:
119:
17:
4255:
8904:
8676:
8604:
8509:
8455:
7984:
7919:
6259:
5922:
5651:
4150:
3972:
3943:
3797:, the communication protocol for the agriculture industry, which is marketed as ISOBUS.
3174:
2407:
684:
5581:
181:
8900:
8856:
8594:
8524:
8494:
8440:
8319:
6813:
4583:
4326:
3957:
3885:
3847:
2789:
2707:
2640:
2618:
2550:, Web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, form, and data storage service
1042:
5475:"Report on WG1 activity for December 2007 Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG1 in Kyoto"
5390:
ISO/DIS 10009: Quality management — Guidance for quality tools and their application
8405:
7547:
7288:
6616:
5933:
5841:
5672:
5367:
2801:
2793:
2729:
2592:
1798:
1136:
3063:
representing ISO in their country, with each country having only one member.
8574:
8504:
8410:
8380:
8329:
8324:
8308:
8157:
7878:
7783:
7537:
7465:
7460:
7455:
6940:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
5558:
5434:
5396:
4989:
4480:
4283:
4162:
4067:
3903:
3809:, the standardized intermodal containers, sometimes called "ISO containers".
2884:
2797:
1986:
1442:
5189:
4530:
4391:"New 'net zero' standards could transform the climate – unless they're derailed"
3273:
ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary
8445:
8300:
7445:
7193:
7005:
6868:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6192:
6182:
5876:
4064: – List of standards by the International Organization for Standardization
4015:
3929:
3754:
3346:
AWI Amd – Approved new Work Item Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14492:2001/AWI Amd 4)
3042: ISO member countries with a national standards body and ISO voting rights
2931:
2528:
2232:
2081:
1479:
1098:
5474:
5084:
1264:
Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet:
8946:
8791:
8233:
8208:
8193:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
7954:
7899:
7868:
7858:
7721:
7711:
7681:
7676:
7626:
7606:
7584:
7569:
7522:
7487:
7430:
7425:
7415:
7293:
7238:
7213:
7208:
7188:
7061:
6601:
6040:
6010:
5502:
4799:
3855:
3424:
3007:
2993:
2703:
2662:
2614:
2425:
1912:
1235:
986:
277:
5307:
8771:
8385:
8094:
8064:
7924:
7268:
7263:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7035:
6980:
6930:
6863:
6818:
6793:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6661:
6626:
6536:
6531:
6359:
6167:
5656:
5539:
3867:
3784:. Hence, the speed of the film often is referred to by its ISO number.
3396:
Guide – a guidance to technical committees for the preparation of standards
3311:
NP or NWIP – New Proposal / New Work Item Proposal (e.g., ISO/IEC NP 23007)
2927:
2350:
2236:
2195:
1949:
349:
5389:
4982:
3212:
ISO/IEC TR 17799:2000 Code of Practice for Information Security Management
1656:
ICANN begins accepting applications for new generic top-level domain names
8395:
8350:
8069:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7340:
7257:
6229:
5593:
3992:
3750:
3358:
FDAM (FDAmd) – Final Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/FDAmd 4)
3048: Correspondent members (countries without a national standards body)
2566:
2547:
1874:
1520:
1419:
1216:
835:
258:
72:
International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA)
5881:
4582:, International Organization for Standardization, 1997, pp. 15–18,
4446:
3975: – Standards organization for information and communication systems
3937:
2894:
and the ISO logo are registered trademarks and their use is restricted.
53:
8735:
8519:
8059:
7964:
7671:
7646:
7410:
7365:
7101:
6758:
6571:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6414:
6389:
6264:
6020:
5112:
4180:
4167:
4155:
4143:
4131:
3769:
2934:
Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with a proposal to form a new
2846:
2757:
development organization composed of representatives from the national
1836:
5522:"Friendship Among Equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years"
5409:
3923:
2489:, a collaborative encyclopedia intended to document all living species
8821:
8745:
8635:
8630:
8549:
8544:
8425:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8188:
8178:
8139:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7959:
7949:
7934:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7853:
7798:
7793:
7773:
7751:
7731:
7686:
7666:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7579:
7542:
7532:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7492:
7477:
7472:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7370:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7335:
7330:
7278:
7273:
7253:
7223:
7198:
7183:
7153:
7106:
7096:
7076:
7071:
7056:
7051:
6965:
6686:
6681:
6576:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
5742:
Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of Belarus
5731:
4420:
4114:
4105:
4096:
3911:
and so you end up with something being a standard that is not clear.
3894:
3800:
3794:
3758:
3343:
NP Amd – New Proposal Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/NP Amd 3)
3332:
PRF – Proof of a new International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC PRF 18018)
2610:
2388:
2119:
1855:
1438:
722:
4576:
Friendship among equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years
3329:
FDIS – Final Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC FDIS 27003)
8796:
8786:
7863:
7641:
7345:
7173:
7010:
7000:
6985:
6960:
6945:
6920:
6915:
6798:
6773:
6768:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6733:
6698:
6693:
6676:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6621:
6606:
6596:
6591:
6581:
6566:
6561:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6491:
6476:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6409:
6404:
6384:
6379:
6369:
6364:
6354:
6349:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6304:
6294:
6187:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
4843:
4777:
4372:
4208:
3908:
3788:
3781:
3777:
3762:
3393:
Cor – Technical Corrigendum (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Cor 1:2008)
3032:
2916:
International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations
2680:
2658:
2636:
2429:
2255:
2138:
2005:
1744:
dial-up service provider, email, instant messaging, and web browser
1174:
580:
422:
5636:
3951:
2930:
but, after the war, the ISA was approached by the recently-formed
8152:
7944:
7929:
7726:
7716:
7706:
7482:
7298:
7143:
7131:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6197:
6152:
6147:
6132:
6127:
6122:
5766:
4992:, published September 2012, revised 2018, accessed 3 October 2022
3806:
3248:
3127:
3115:
2914:
The organization that is known today as ISO began in 1926 as the
2842:
2588:
2505:
2467:
2369:
2312:
2274:
2157:
2043:
520:
479:
296:
5544:"Coordinating International Standards: The Formation of the ISO"
4964:
4828:. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from
4240:. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from
3349:
WD Amd – Working Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO 11092:1993/WD Amd 1)
2980:
The technical management board is responsible for more than 250
2812:
The International Organization for Standardization in French is
1716:
oversight passes to the global Internet community on October 1st
8564:
8435:
8014:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7661:
7636:
7564:
7420:
7405:
7385:
7380:
7325:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7203:
7168:
7015:
6666:
6481:
6045:
5898:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
5706:
4904:"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1: Procedures for the technical work"
4895:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4322:
3967:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
3028:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
2971:
2907:
2785:
2699:
2331:
2293:
2024:
1967:
1197:
891:
703:
599:
558:
368:
5598:
3870:
as an ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 26300, approved in May 2006).
8712:
8049:
8024:
7746:
7631:
7502:
7283:
7148:
7020:
6995:
6990:
6970:
6344:
6314:
6309:
6030:
6015:
6005:
6000:
5711:
5030:
5028:
4174:
3889:
3773:
2958:
2213:
2176:
2062:
1893:
1779:
1709:
1524:
1401:
1323:
797:
627:
239:
5852:
State Committee for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy
5190:"ISO/IEC Directives Supplement – Procedures specific to ISO"
5183:
5181:
5179:
4884:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4257:
Dare to dream BIG: Standards empower innovators (EN, ES, FR)
3326:
DIS – Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC DIS 14297)
8400:
8292:
7696:
7559:
7552:
7218:
7163:
6763:
6374:
4046: – International healthcare accreditation organisation
3998:
3381:
DTS – Draft Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/DTS 11602-1)
2741:
2735:
1817:
1760:
1460:
1402:
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
1363:
562:
498:
220:
5025:
3390:
IWA – International Workshop Agreements (e.g., IWA 1:2005)
1674:
Montevideo Statement on the Future of Internet Cooperation
8697:
8183:
7873:
6925:
5176:
4675:
3387:
TTA – Technology Trends Assessment (e.g., ISO/TTA 1:1994)
3314:
AWI – Approved new Work Item (e.g., ISO/IEC AWI 15444-14)
3054: Subscriber members (countries with small economies)
3014:(ICT) standards for business and consumer applications."
2849:. The organization provides this explanation of the name:
1741:
1544:
UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) phase I
1382:
1193:
4899:
The ISO directives are published in two distinct parts:
4795:
4325:: International Organization for Standardization. 2022.
4018:– the Interface Marketing Supplier Integration Institute
3787:
As it was originally defined in ISO 518, the flash
3335:
IS – International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007)
3323:
FCD – Final Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC FCD 23000-12)
5575:
5323:
5321:
4111:- Libraries, archives, indexing and information science
3364:
Amd – Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Amd 1:2007)
172:
5777:
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran
5590:, with free access to a small subset of the standards.
5160:
5158:
5156:
5143:"Stages of the development of International Standards"
3768:
The sensitivity of a photographic film to light (its "
3378:
TS – Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/TS 16949:2009)
3375:
DTR – Draft Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC DTR 19791)
1637:
First internationalized country code top-level domains
4024: – Classification system for technical standards
3791:
found on cameras often is called the "ISO shoe".
2987:
2828:
2738:
1692:
NetMundial international Internet governance proposal
333:
NPL followed by the ARPANET carry their first packets
5963:
5702:
Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación
5318:
3919:
3732:
3432:
Stages in the development process of an ISO standard
5560:
MIT Innovations and Entrepreneurship Seminar Series
5237:
5235:
5233:
5153:
5106:
5104:
5102:
4644:
4321:(in English, French, and Russian) (20th ed.).
3372:
TR – Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC TR 19791:2006)
2998:ISO has a joint technical committee (JTC) with the
2863:
2732:
387:
Merit Network's packet-switched network operational
5499:"Ubuntu's Shuttleworth blames ISO for OOXML's win"
5220:"List of abbreviations used throughout ISO Online"
5166:"The ISO27k FAQ – ISO/IEC acronyms and committees"
4780:. International Organization for Standardization.
4762:. International Organization for Standardization.
4744:. International Organization for Standardization.
4726:. International Organization for Standardization.
4716:
4708:. International Organization for Standardization.
4690:. International Organization for Standardization.
4471:Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021. "
4211:. International Organization for Standardization.
4102:– Terminology and other language content resources
4011:Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
5454:"Where to get ISO Standards on the Internet free"
5271:
5269:
5267:
131:170 members (39 correspondents and 4 subscribers)
8944:
5807:Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority
5230:
5099:
4052: – Specialized agency of the United Nations
2830:Mezhdunarodnaya organizatsiya po standartizatsii
27:International standards development organization
8812:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
5301:
5299:
3320:CD – Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC CD 23000-5)
3220:Technical and publicly available specifications
2910:where the ISO predecessor, the ISA, was founded
1346:very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)
610:Merging the networks and creating the Internet:
8953:International Organization for Standardization
5638:International Organization for Standardization
5467:
5355:
5264:
4956:
4698:
4473:International Organization for Standardization
3116:International standards and other publications
2721:International Organization for Standardization
1619:First meeting of the Internet Governance Forum
1583:UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)
40:International Organization for Standardization
8278:
5949:
5622:
5594:Advanced search for standards and/or projects
5136:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5079:
5077:
5075:
4818:
4541:
4203:
4201:
4040:) – International standards organization
2964:
2821:
5722:Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution
5296:
5275:
4120:- Banking, securities and financial services
4076: – Organization that develops standards
4058: – Open internet standards organization
4028:The International Customer Service Institute
2816:Organisation internationale de normalisation
2814:
1385:changes pricing model from hourly to monthly
46:Organisation internationale de normalisation
5538:
5445:
5427:
4866:
4609:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4232:
4230:
3741:
3317:WD – Working Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC WD 27032)
2870:
2823:Международная организация по стандартизации
1712:contract with U.S. Dept. of Commerce ends,
911:Federal Internet Exchanges (FIX East|FIXes)
8285:
8271:
5956:
5942:
5792:Korean Agency for Technology and Standards
5629:
5615:
5580:
5491:
5123:
5072:
4752:
4198:
4022:International Classification for Standards
3361:PRF Amd – (e.g., ISO 12639:2004/PRF Amd 1)
3298:
1281:New Internet architecture with commercial
180:
52:
30:"ISO" redirects here. For other uses, see
5727:Brazilian National Standards Organization
5501:. ZDNet.com. 1 April 2008. Archived from
5054:
4770:
4650:
4034:International Electrotechnical Commission
3293:International Electrotechnical Commission
3166:International Electrotechnical Commission
3000:International Electrotechnical Commission
2807:
2782:International Electrotechnical Commission
316:Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
5451:
5361:
4734:
4651:Tranchard, Sandrine (23 February 2017).
4610:Yates, JoAnne; Murphy, Craig N. (2006).
4567:
4523:
4490:
4354:
4227:
4126:Quality management and quality assurance
3036:A map of ISO members as of November 2020
3031:
3012:Information and Communication Technology
2901:
2768:The organization develops and publishes
8646:Pollutant release and transfer register
5822:Standardization Administration of China
5802:National Standards Authority of Ireland
5782:Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
5757:Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
5747:Cyprus Organisation for Standardisation
5556:from the original on 22 September 2010.
5460:from the original on 24 November 2007.
5213:
5211:
5209:
4965:"ISO/IEC Directives and ISO supplement"
4766:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4748:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4730:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4694:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4537:from the original on 19 September 2012.
4306:
3880:The computer security entrepreneur and
3339:Abbreviations used for amendments are:
3002:(IEC) to develop standards relating to
2945:ISO Standards were originally known as
2926:. The ISA was suspended in 1942 during
1254:North American Network Operators' Group
14:
8945:
5344:from the original on 20 September 2022
5172:from the original on 24 November 2005.
5113:"International harmonized stage codes"
5095:from the original on 21 February 2010.
4784:from the original on 15 December 2011.
4379:from the original on 17 February 2023.
4044:International healthcare accreditation
3979:European Committee for Standardization
3721:to with its ISO DIS reference number.
3384:PAS – Publicly Available Specification
3139:These are designated using the format
8431:Principles for Responsible Investment
8266:
5937:
5867:Swiss Association for Standardization
5698:ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board
5694:American National Standards Institute
5689:Algerian Institute of Standardization
5610:
5534:from the original on 26 October 2012.
5519:
5252:from the original on 17 February 2010
5202:from the original on 12 January 2012.
5013:from the original on 21 November 2020
4712:from the original on 3 November 2012.
4619:Business and Economic History On-Line
4264:from the original on 14 February 2022
4050:International Telecommunication Union
3761:" to signify that they are using the
3281:
3066:ISO has three membership categories,
8920:
5487:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5441:from the original on 5 October 2007.
5314:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5226:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5206:
5149:from the original on 12 August 2007.
5119:from the original on 4 October 2007.
5042:from the original on 13 October 2007
4880:from the original on 5 October 2007.
4854:from the original on 24 January 2021
4663:from the original on 20 October 2023
4599:from the original on 26 October 2012
4401:from the original on 2 February 2022
4215:from the original on 24 January 2021
2391:anonymous news and information leaks
1950:Yahoo Groups (formerly Yahoo! Clubs)
1499:New top-level domain names activated
8968:Social responsibility organizations
5327:
5217:
5187:
5003:"What Does ISO Certification Cost?"
3097:ISO is funded by a combination of:
2961:" was issued in 1951 as "ISO/R 1".
404:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
24:
8978:1947 establishments in Switzerland
8610:Environmental full-cost accounting
5513:
4836:
4632:from the original on 27 April 2021
4555:from the original on 27 April 2015
4510:from the original on 14 March 2020
4465:
4342:from the original on 31 March 2022
4294:from the original on 10 April 2022
4007: – Operating unit within IEEE
3860:standardization of Office Open XML
2988:Joint technical committee with IEC
894:founded, allows commercial traffic
501:protocol approved and deployed on
482:commercial packet-switched network
25:
8989:
8963:Organizations established in 1947
5903:Information Technology Task Force
5812:South African Bureau of Standards
5567:
4971:from the original on 16 May 2008.
3733:International Workshop Agreements
2984:, who develop the ISO standards.
742:First .COM domain name registered
8919:
8910:
8909:
8899:
8484:
8391:Extended producer responsibility
8247:
8246:
5918:List of ISO technical committees
5717:Austrian Standards International
5542:; Murphy, Craig N. (Fall 2006).
5452:Jelliffe, Rick (1 August 2007).
5276:ISO/IEC JTC1 (2 November 2009),
4806:from the original on 15 May 2021
4134:Geographic information/Geomatics
4086:
3950:
3936:
3922:
2728:
189:
8600:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
5861:Swedish Institute for Standards
5817:Sri Lanka Standards Institution
5402:
5382:
5305:
5140:
5110:
4995:
4975:
4962:
4935:. ISO/IEC. 2011. Archived from
4909:. ISO/IEC. 2012. Archived from
4788:
4603:
4151:Health-related data/information
4139:Geographic data and information
4056:Internet Engineering Task Force
3985:) – Standards organization
3147:is the number of the standard,
2906:Plaque marking the building in
2861:is derived from the Greek word
779:Internet Engineering Task Force
203:Early research and development:
8872:Socially responsible marketing
8867:Socially responsible investing
5752:Deutsches Institut für Normung
5599:Online Browsing Platform (OBP)
5036:"Publicly Available Standards"
4760:"Governance of technical work"
4439:
4413:
4383:
4276:
4248:
4238:"How to use the ISO Catalogue"
2922:), which primarily focused on
1724:Examples of Internet services:
1156:Classless Inter-Domain Routing
13:
1:
8958:Organisations based in Geneva
8862:Socially responsible business
5872:Turkish Standards Institution
5837:Standards Institute of Israel
5762:Finnish Standards Association
4742:"Who develops ISO standards?"
4191:
4108:Information and documentation
3829:The ISO Next Generation Award
3813:
3295:) are made freely available.
3021:
2683:, massive open online courses
968:Advanced Network and Services
666:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
223:networking concepts developed
99:Non-governmental organization
8807:Environmental pricing reform
8338:environmental responsibility
5797:Korean Standards Association
5772:Badan Standardisasi Nasional
5588:Publicly Available Standards
5362:ISO, IEC (5 November 2009).
4874:"General information on ISO"
4551:. University of Pittsburgh.
4447:"Transport sector standards"
3841:
3823:The Lawrence D. Eicher Award
3715:Moving Picture Experts Group
3151:is an optional part number,
3092:
2449:Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
1236:Full text web search engines
1061:Commercial Internet eXchange
1024:Wide area information server
461:Transmission Control Program
7:
8837:Market governance mechanism
8693:Global Reporting Initiative
8663:standards and certification
8570:Social return on investment
5908:ISO Development Environment
5857:Swedish Standards Institute
5832:Standards Council of Canada
5243:"US Tag Committee Handbook"
4080:Terminology planning policy
3989:Global Reporting Initiative
3915:
3308:PWI – Preliminary Work Item
3155:is the year published, and
3130:(corrections), and guides.
2864:
2829:
2780:are instead handled by the
1820:online auction and shopping
819:upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s (T1)
10:
8994:
8777:Community interest company
8721:Community-based monitoring
8555:Genuine progress indicator
4688:"Structure and governance"
4005:IEEE Standards Association
3419:Stage 6: Publication stage
3407:Stage 2: Preparatory stage
3119:
3059:As of 2022, there are 167
3025:
2991:
2965:Structure and organization
2897:
1875:Outlook (formerly Hotmail)
1120:upgraded to 45 Mbit/s (T3)
350:Network Information Center
29:
8895:
8802:Environmental degradation
8754:
8711:
8685:
8651:Sustainability accounting
8583:
8515:Ethical positioning index
8493:
8482:
8307:
8242:
8166:
7892:
7044:
5993:
5975:
5890:
5787:Kenya Bureau of Standards
5681:
5665:
5644:
4653:"ISO celebrates 70 years"
4498:"Friendship among equals"
4421:"Health sector standards"
3653:
3542:Committee draft or drafts
3446:
3443:
3440:
3368:Other abbreviations are:
3263:"ISO Guide N:yyyy: Title"
2871:
2837:Although one might think
2822:
2788:, Switzerland. The three
2784:. It is headquartered in
2103:peer-to-peer file sharing
2046:peer-to-peer file sharing
1839:classified advertisements
1082:allows commercial traffic
989:allows commercial traffic
649:protocol suite formalized
540:Internet Activities Board
194:Internet history timeline
167:
157:
135:
125:
115:
104:
94:
76:
68:
60:
51:
44:
8973:Technical specifications
8832:Health impact assessment
8703:Sustainability reporting
8672:Toxics Release Inventory
8466:Transparency (behavioral
8441:Social impact assessment
8330:Corporate accountability
5399:, accessed 2 August 2023
5038:. ISO. 19 October 2023.
4549:"A Brief History of ISO"
4260:. ISO. 24 October 2016.
4177:evaluation and valuation
4099:Language and terminology
3835:The ISO Excellence Award
3742:Products named after ISO
3444:Associated document name
3437:
3410:Stage 3: Committee stage
2470:cloud-based file hosting
628:Computer Science Network
371:switched-circuit network
45:
8887:Supply chain management
8827:Global justice movement
8626:profit-and-loss account
5737:Bureau of Normalization
4487:. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
4485:Encyclopedia Britannica
4284:"ISO Membership Manual"
4183:Security and resilience
3632:PRF Amd/TTA/TR/TS/Suppl
3511:Working draft or drafts
3416:Stage 5: Approval stage
3404:Stage 1: Proposal stage
3299:Standardization process
3159:describes the subject.
3134:International standards
2770:international standards
2759:standards organizations
2571:threshold pledge system
2512:music streaming service
2027:mobile internet service
1970:Internet payment system
1763:Internet movie database
873:Border Gateway Protocol
855:Internet protocol suite
463:specification published
109:International standards
8852:SDG Publishers Compact
8614:Environmental conflict
8421:Organizational justice
4988:3 October 2022 at the
4724:"Technical committees"
4074:Standards organization
3969: – Members of ISO
3913:
3866:to obtain approval of
3651:International Standard
3486:New work item proposal
3413:Stage 4: Enquiry stage
3106:gross national product
3056:
3004:information technology
2924:mechanical engineering
2911:
2881:
2815:
2808:Name and abbreviations
2778:electronic engineering
2755:international standard
2258:social networking site
2160:social networking site
951:ARPANET decommissioned
706:split off from ARPANET
82:; 77 years ago
8842:Product certification
8641:Life-cycle assessment
8560:Performance indicator
8451:Social responsibility
8416:Organizational ethics
8346:social responsibility
5913:List of ISO standards
5847:Standards New Zealand
5520:Kuert, Willy (1997).
5395:2 August 2023 at the
5062:"Free ANSI Standards"
4479:12 April 2022 at the
4186:- Security of society
4062:List of ISO standards
3900:
3470:Preliminary work item
3423:The TC/SC may set up
3204:in the report's name.
3200:prepended instead of
3122:List of ISO standards
3077:Correspondent members
3035:
3026:Further information:
2905:
2851:
2749:) is an independent,
1933:automatic translation
1877:free web-based e-mail
1463:allows broader access
442:PARC Universal Packet
80:23 February 1947
8847:Public participation
8782:Conflict of interest
8372:inequality in the UK
8364:in the United States
8356:Environmental racism
5009:. 11 November 2019.
3242:Technical corrigenda
2982:technical committees
2487:Encyclopedia of Life
2432:and virtual bookshop
2216:Anonymous imageboard
2179:Internet voice calls
2084:Anonymous imageboard
1006:Archie search engine
762:with 56 kbit/s links
503:public data networks
425:network demonstrated
32:ISO (disambiguation)
8817:Ethical consumerism
8767:Benefit corporation
8659:metrics and indices
8461:Sullivan principles
8376:injustice in Europe
5827:Standards Australia
5480:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
4531:"ISO name and logo"
4395:The Washington Post
3875:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
3772:") is described by
3727:central secretariat
3434:
2948:ISO Recommendations
2141:business networking
2008:Anonymous textboard
1564:National LambdaRail
1422:wireless networking
1256:(NANOG) established
723:OSI Reference Model
583:standard introduced
137:Official languages
120:Geneva, Switzerland
41:
8905:Environment portal
8677:Triple bottom line
8605:Emission inventory
8510:Double bottom line
8456:Stakeholder theory
5969:by standard number
5923:Quality Objectives
5652:ISO/PAS 28007:2012
5456:. oreillynet.com.
5410:"ISO - ISO awards"
5388:For example, ISO,
5370:on 28 January 2001
5308:"ISO deliverables"
5292:on 22 October 2021
4942:on 16 October 2011
4832:on 6 October 2012.
4244:on 4 October 2007.
4146:Health informatics
4117:Financial services
3973:Ecma International
3944:Engineering portal
3888:, was quoted in a
3430:
3282:Document copyright
3175:ASTM International
3141:ISO nnnnn: Title
3083:Subscriber members
3057:
2912:
2790:official languages
2408:Google Street View
1217:Mosaic web browser
1139:(ISOC) established
685:Domain Name System
444:development begins
406:(IANA) established
261:concepts conceived
39:
8940:
8939:
8857:Social enterprise
8762:Bangladesh Accord
8622:management system
8618:impact assessment
8595:Carbon accounting
8525:Impact assessment
8476:UN Global Compact
8368:in Western Europe
8320:Aarhus Convention
8260:
8259:
5983:ISO romanizations
5931:
5930:
5666:Technical reports
4796:"JTC 1 home page"
4453:. 20 January 2023
4332:978-92-67-02040-2
3958:Technology portal
3886:Mark Shuttleworth
3707:
3706:
3190:Technical reports
3111:Sale of standards
3108:and trade figures
2928:World War II
2717:
2716:
2708:social networking
2641:social networking
2619:social networking
2277:media file series
1989:review aggregator
1326:updated to allow
188:
187:
16:(Redirected from
8985:
8923:
8922:
8913:
8912:
8903:
8488:
8406:Little Eichmanns
8287:
8280:
8273:
8264:
8263:
8250:
8249:
5970:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5935:
5934:
5842:Standards Norway
5673:ISO/IEC TR 12182
5631:
5624:
5617:
5608:
5607:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5576:Official website
5557:
5555:
5548:
5535:
5533:
5526:
5507:
5506:
5505:on 4 April 2008.
5495:
5489:
5488:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5406:
5400:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5366:. Archived from
5359:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5336:
5325:
5316:
5315:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5285:, archived from
5284:
5273:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5247:
5239:
5228:
5227:
5215:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5194:
5185:
5174:
5173:
5162:
5151:
5150:
5138:
5121:
5120:
5108:
5097:
5096:
5089:chiariglione.org
5081:
5070:
5069:
5068:on 3 April 2007.
5064:. Archived from
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5032:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
4999:
4993:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4941:
4934:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4908:
4897:
4882:
4881:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4684:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4631:
4616:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4581:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4502:
4494:
4488:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4369:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4320:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4234:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4205:
4170:Brand evaluation
4039:
3984:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3551:CD Amd/Cor/TR/TS
3495:NP Amd/TR/TS/IWA
3435:
3433:
3429:
3289:
3061:national members
3053:
3047:
3041:
2936:global standards
2874:
2873:
2867:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2820:and in Russian,
2818:
2751:non-governmental
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2711:
2710:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2593:digital currency
2585:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2393:
2392:
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2383:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2364:
2355:
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2347:
2345:
2336:
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2328:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1852:
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1841:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1757:
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1746:
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1738:
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1718:
1717:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1601:UN WSIS phase II
1597:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1276:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1137:Internet Society
1133:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
991:
990:
983:
981:
972:
971:
964:
962:
953:
952:
948:
946:
937:
936:
925:
923:
914:
913:
907:
905:
896:
895:
888:
886:
877:
876:
869:
867:
858:
857:
850:
848:
839:
838:
832:
830:
821:
820:
813:
811:
802:
801:
794:
792:
783:
782:
775:
773:
764:
763:
756:
754:
745:
744:
738:
736:
727:
726:
719:
717:
708:
707:
700:
698:
689:
688:
681:
679:
670:
669:
662:
660:
651:
650:
643:
641:
632:
631:
624:
622:
604:
603:
596:
594:
585:
584:
577:
575:
566:
565:
555:
553:
544:
543:
536:
534:
525:
524:
517:
515:
506:
505:
495:
493:
484:
483:
476:
474:
465:
464:
457:
455:
446:
445:
438:
436:
427:
426:
419:
417:
408:
407:
400:
398:
389:
388:
384:
382:
373:
372:
365:
363:
354:
353:
346:
344:
335:
334:
330:
328:
319:
318:
312:
310:
301:
300:
293:
291:
282:
281:
274:
272:
263:
262:
255:
253:
244:
243:
242:networking ideas
236:
234:
225:
224:
217:
215:
190:
184:
179:
176:
174:
90:
88:
83:
56:
42:
38:
21:
8993:
8992:
8988:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8983:
8982:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8936:
8891:
8750:
8707:
8681:
8586:
8579:
8575:Whole-life cost
8505:Corporate crime
8496:
8489:
8480:
8411:Loss and damage
8381:Ethical banking
8325:Climate justice
8312:
8303:
8291:
8261:
8256:
8238:
8162:
7888:
7040:
5989:
5971:
5968:
5962:
5932:
5927:
5886:
5677:
5661:
5645:Specifications
5640:
5635:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5553:
5546:
5531:
5524:
5516:
5514:Further reading
5511:
5510:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5450:
5446:
5435:"Shopping FAQs"
5433:
5432:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5397:Wayback Machine
5387:
5383:
5373:
5371:
5360:
5356:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5334:
5326:
5319:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5282:
5274:
5265:
5255:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5231:
5216:
5207:
5199:
5192:
5186:
5177:
5164:
5163:
5154:
5139:
5124:
5109:
5100:
5083:
5082:
5073:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5043:
5034:
5033:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4990:Wayback Machine
4980:
4976:
4961:
4957:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4932:
4928:
4919:
4917:
4916:on 13 June 2012
4913:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4885:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4855:
4844:"ISO – Members"
4842:
4841:
4837:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4778:"ISO/IEC JTC 1"
4776:
4775:
4771:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4686:
4685:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4649:
4645:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4596:
4590:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4558:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4481:Wayback Machine
4470:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4371:
4370:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4236:
4235:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4163:Risk management
4158:Risk management
4089:
4084:
4068:Standardization
4037:
3982:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3918:
3844:
3816:
3744:
3735:
3675:
3638:
3603:
3563:
3529:
3498:
3459:
3431:
3301:
3287:
3284:
3124:
3118:
3095:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3030:
3024:
3006:(IT). Known as
2996:
2990:
2967:
2900:
2885:false etymology
2810:
2731:
2727:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1987:Rotten Tomatoes
1985:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1801:online retailer
1797:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1593:
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1589:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1443:Abilene Network
1437:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1004:
998:
996:
994:
985:
979:
977:
975:
966:
960:
958:
956:
950:
944:
942:
940:
927:
921:
919:
917:
909:
903:
901:
899:
890:
884:
882:
880:
871:
865:
863:
861:
852:
846:
844:
842:
834:
828:
826:
824:
815:
809:
807:
805:
796:
790:
788:
786:
777:
771:
769:
767:
758:
752:
750:
748:
740:
734:
732:
730:
721:
715:
713:
711:
702:
696:
694:
692:
683:
677:
675:
673:
664:
658:
656:
654:
645:
639:
637:
635:
626:
620:
618:
616:
598:
592:
590:
588:
579:
573:
571:
569:
557:
551:
549:
547:
538:
532:
530:
528:
519:
513:
511:
509:
497:
491:
489:
487:
478:
472:
470:
468:
459:
453:
451:
449:
440:
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430:
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415:
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411:
402:
396:
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386:
380:
378:
376:
367:
361:
359:
357:
348:
342:
340:
338:
332:
326:
324:
322:
314:
308:
306:
304:
299:planning begins
295:
289:
287:
285:
276:
270:
268:
266:
257:
251:
249:
247:
238:
232:
230:
228:
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209:
171:
160:
153:
138:
128:
86:
84:
81:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8991:
8981:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8934:
8929:
8917:
8907:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8884:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
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8698:GxP guidelines
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8446:Social justice
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5877:UN CEFACT TBG5
5874:
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5568:External links
5566:
5565:
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5509:
5508:
5490:
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5248:. March 2008.
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4427:. 6 April 2023
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3930:Science portal
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3425:working groups
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2992:Main article:
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2233:The Pirate Bay
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2011:
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1549:
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1530:
1503:
1485:
1480:Dot-com bubble
1466:
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1425:
1406:
1388:
1369:
1350:
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1310:
1307:decommissioned
1291:
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1099:World Wide Web
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987:UUNET/Alternet
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8792:Disinvestment
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8726:Environmental
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8585:Environmental
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5988:
5987:IEC standards
5984:
5980:
5979:ISO standards
5974:
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5682:Member bodies
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5552:
5545:
5541:
5540:Yates, JoAnne
5537:
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5517:
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5168:. IsecT Ltd.
5167:
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4801:
4800:ISO/IEC JTC 1
4797:
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4765:
4761:
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4589:92-67-10260-5
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4210:
4209:"ISO members"
4204:
4202:
4197:
4185:
4184:
4181:ISO/TC 292 -
4179:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4168:ISO/TC 289 -
4166:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4156:ISO/TC 262 -
4154:
4152:
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4144:ISO/TC 215 -
4142:
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4130:
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4122:
4119:
4118:
4113:
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4109:
4104:
4101:
4100:
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4092:
4087:ISO divisions
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
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3905:
3904:old boys club
3899:
3896:
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3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3856:ISO/IEC JTC 1
3851:
3849:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
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3783:
3782:ISO 5800
3779:
3778:ISO 2240
3775:
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3767:
3764:
3763:ISO 9660
3760:
3756:
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3609:
3606:(CDV in IEC)
3605:
3599:
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3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:Enquiry draft
3575:
3572:
3569:
3568:
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3547:
3546:
3544:
3541:
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3522:
3520:AWI Amd/TR/TS
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3296:
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3270:
3269:For example:
3264:
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3246:
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3230:For example:
3224:
3223:
3222:
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3209:
3208:For example:
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3071:Member bodies
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
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3019:
3015:
3013:
3009:
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2995:
2994:ISO/IEC JTC 1
2985:
2983:
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2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
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2722:
2709:
2705:
2704:video sharing
2701:
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2668:
2664:
2663:photo sharing
2660:
2646:
2642:
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2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:photo sharing
2612:
2598:
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2576:
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2535:
2531:search engine
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2376:
2372:microblogging
2371:
2357:
2353:virtual globe
2352:
2338:
2333:
2319:
2315:video sharing
2314:
2300:
2296:image hosting
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2262:
2257:
2243:
2238:
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2220:
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2065:search engine
2064:
2050:
2045:
2031:
2026:
2012:
2007:
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1969:
1955:
1951:
1937:
1932:
1918:
1914:
1913:Google Search
1900:
1896:search engine
1895:
1881:
1876:
1862:
1858:search engine
1857:
1843:
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8772:Child labour
8667:supply chain
8665: /
8661: /
8657: /
8653: /
8624: /
8620: /
8616: /
8612: /
8386:Ethical code
8374: /
8370: /
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8344: /
8340: /
8336: /
8332: /
8105:27000 series
5964:
5657:ISO/TS 80004
5637:
5559:
5503:the original
5493:
5478:
5469:
5461:
5447:
5429:
5417:. Retrieved
5413:
5404:
5384:
5372:. Retrieved
5368:the original
5357:
5348:16 September
5346:, retrieved
5330:
5328:ISO (2022),
5287:the original
5278:
5254:. Retrieved
5218:ISO (2007).
5188:ISO (2007).
5088:
5085:"About MPEG"
5066:the original
5056:
5044:. Retrieved
5015:. Retrieved
5006:
4997:
4977:
4958:
4944:. Retrieved
4937:the original
4918:. Retrieved
4911:the original
4868:
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4847:
4838:
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4820:
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4790:
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4424:
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4394:
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4315:ISO Statutes
4314:
4308:
4296:. Retrieved
4287:
4278:
4266:. Retrieved
4256:
4250:
4242:the original
4217:. Retrieved
4182:
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4115:ISO/TC 68 -
4107:
4106:ISO/TC 46 -
4098:
4097:ISO/TC 37 -
4090:
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3872:
3868:OpenDocument
3852:
3845:
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3828:
3822:
3817:
3745:
3736:
3723:
3719:
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3708:
3626:FDAmd (FDAM)
3554:PDAmd (PDAM)
3526:WD Amd/TR/TS
3422:
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2827:
2813:
2811:
2767:
2763:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2351:Google Earth
2237:torrent file
2196:iTunes Store
1723:
1722:
1721:
1420:IEEE 802.11b
1263:
1262:
1261:
609:
608:
607:
202:
201:
200:
193:
127:Membership
116:Headquarters
61:Abbreviation
36:
8877:Stakeholder
8655:measurement
8396:Externality
8351:Dirty hands
7893:20000–29999
7045:10000–19999
5046:17 December
5017:13 November
5007:Reciprocity
4858:18 November
4373:"About ISO"
4268:14 February
4219:17 November
3993:GlobalGoals
3848:open-source
3751:Disk images
3648:Publication
3617:Final draft
3508:Preparatory
3467:Preliminary
3453:Description
3249:corrigendum
2792:of ISO are
2567:Kickstarter
2548:Google Docs
2334:link voting
1521:Code Red II
1177:established
836:Morris worm
602:established
561:news using
259:NPL network
111:development
69:Predecessor
8947:Categories
8881:engagement
8736:Fair trade
8587:accounting
8520:Higg Index
8497:accounting
8313:principles
7672:16949 (TS)
7269:11941 (TR)
5967:standards
5419:26 October
5374:7 November
4457:28 January
4431:28 January
4192:References
3995:indicators
3850:projects.
3814:ISO awards
3774:ISO 6
3770:film speed
3697:Withdrawal
3591:DAmd (DAM)
3492:NP or NWIP
3438:Stage code
3277:services).
3256:ISO guides
3128:corrigenda
3120:See also:
3022:Membership
3008:JTC 1
2957:), e.g., "
2847:initialism
2774:electrical
2101:BitTorrent
1931:Babel Fish
1837:Craigslist
1639:registered
1517:Code Red I
523:introduced
87:1947-02-23
8822:Euthenics
8787:Disasters
8746:ISO 19011
8686:Reporting
8636:ISO 14031
8631:ISO 14000
8550:ISO 45001
8545:ISO 26000
8426:Pollution
8360:in Russia
8334:behaviour
7627:15926 WIP
6991:9592/9593
6916:9000/9001
6804:8805/8806
5732:BSI Group
5256:1 January
4706:"Council"
4667:10 August
4520:(page 20)
3895:Microsoft
3884:founder,
3842:Criticism
3801:ISO 13216
3795:ISO 11783
3539:Committee
3093:Financing
2611:Instagram
2510:DRM-based
2389:WikiLeaks
2120:Knowledge
1856:AltaVista
1439:Internet2
1080:ANS CO+RE
931:(without
853:Complete
159:President
77:Formation
8915:Category
8713:Auditing
8534:equality
8252:Category
5977:List of
5882:Vinçotte
5551:Archived
5529:Archived
5485:Archived
5458:Archived
5439:Archived
5393:Archived
5339:archived
5312:Archived
5250:Archived
5224:Archived
5197:Archived
5170:Archived
5147:Archived
5117:Archived
5093:Archived
5040:Archived
5011:Archived
4986:Archived
4969:Archived
4878:Archived
4852:Archived
4804:Archived
4782:Archived
4764:Archived
4746:Archived
4728:Archived
4710:Archived
4692:Archived
4661:Archived
4627:Archived
4594:archived
4553:Archived
4535:Archived
4505:Archived
4477:Archived
4405:18 March
4399:Archived
4377:Archived
4346:12 April
4337:Archived
4298:10 April
4292:Archived
4262:Archived
4213:Archived
3916:See also
3909:lobbying
3858:for the
3789:hot shoe
3614:Approval
3483:Proposal
3143:, where
2681:Coursera
2659:Snapchat
2430:e-reader
2256:Facebook
2139:LinkedIn
2122:, the 💕
1366:proposed
1219:released
1175:InterNIC
725:released
581:Ethernet
423:CYCLADES
8926:Commons
8879: (
8755:Related
8738: (
8728: (
8527: (
8471:social)
8153:29199-2
8025:23094-2
8020:23094-1
8010:23090-3
7879:19794-5
7874:19775-1
7662:16612-2
7652:16355-1
7341:13406-2
7299:12234-2
7067:10118-3
5891:Related
5767:ICONTEC
5527:. ISO.
5437:. ISO.
4946:17 July
4920:17 July
4876:. ISO.
4636:29 June
4559:12 June
4533:. ISO.
4514:8 March
4503:. ISO.
4375:. ISO.
3807:ISO 668
3573:Enquiry
3288:US$ 120
2898:History
2843:acronym
2802:Russian
2794:English
2691: (
2672: (
2650: (
2637:Google+
2628: (
2602: (
2589:Bitcoin
2580: (
2558: (
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2520: (
2506:Spotify
2497: (
2478: (
2468:Dropbox
2459: (
2440: (
2417: (
2399: (
2380: (
2370:Twitter
2361: (
2342: (
2323: (
2313:YouTube
2304: (
2285: (
2275:Podcast
2266: (
2247: (
2224: (
2205: (
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2158:Myspace
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2111: (
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2044:Napster
2035: (
2016: (
1997: (
1978: (
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1894:RankDex
1885: (
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800:founded
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630:(CSNET)
619: (
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521:Minitel
512: (
490: (
480:Telenet
471: (
452: (
433: (
414: (
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379: (
360: (
341: (
325: (
307: (
297:ARPANET
288: (
280:founded
269: (
250: (
231: (
212: (
168:Website
150:Russian
144:English
105:Purpose
85: (
8565:SA8000
8539:social
8495:Social
8436:Racism
8309:Ethics
8294:Social
8167:30000+
7006:9797-1
6814:8820-5
6759:8501-1
6315:1073-2
6310:1073-1
5994:1–9999
5707:ASC X9
4810:15 May
4586:
4329:
4323:Geneva
3882:Ubuntu
3780:, and
3685:Review
3594:FPDISP
3588:FPDAmd
3052:
3046:
3040:
2972:Geneva
2938:body.
2908:Prague
2800:, and
2798:French
2786:Geneva
2700:TikTok
2426:Kindle
2332:Reddit
2294:Flickr
2025:i-mode
1968:PayPal
1799:Amazon
1780:Yahoo!
1523:, and
1482:bursts
1328:TCP/IP
1305:NSFNET
1200:access
1198:USENET
1196:added
1158:(CIDR)
1118:NSFNET
1043:Gopher
1026:(WAIS)
933:TCP/IP
892:PSINet
817:NSFNET
781:(IETF)
760:NSFNET
704:MILNET
668:(SMTP)
647:TCP/IP
600:BITNET
559:USENET
369:Tymnet
233:1962-4
229:1962-4
214:1960-4
210:1960-4
147:French
8234:80000
8229:56000
8224:55000
8219:50001
8214:45001
8209:42010
8204:40500
8199:39075
8194:38500
8189:37001
8184:32000
8179:31000
8174:30170
8158:29500
8148:29148
8144:29110
8140:28000
8135:27729
8130:27006
8125:27005
8120:27002
8115:27001
8110:27000
8100:26324
8095:26300
8090:26262
8085:26000
8080:25964
8075:25178
8070:24728
8065:24707
8060:24617
8055:24613
8050:24517
8045:23941
8040:23360
8035:23271
8030:23270
8015:23092
8005:23009
8000:23008
7995:23003
7990:23000
7985:22537
7980:22395
7975:22301
7970:22300
7965:22275
7960:22000
7955:21827
7950:21500
7945:21122
7940:21047
7935:21001
7930:21000
7925:20830
7920:20802
7915:20400
7910:20121
7905:20022
7900:20000
7884:19831
7869:19770
7864:19757
7859:19752
7854:19600
7849:19510
7844:19509
7839:19508
7834:19507
7829:19506
7824:19505
7819:19503
7814:19502
7809:19501
7804:19500
7799:19439
7794:19407
7789:19136
7784:19125
7779:19115
7774:19114
7757:19092
7752:19011
7747:19005
7742:18916
7737:18629
7732:18245
7727:18181
7722:18014
7717:18004
7712:17799
7707:17506
7702:17442
7697:17369
7692:17203
7687:17100
7682:17025
7677:17024
7667:16750
7657:16485
7647:16262
7642:16023
7637:15938
7632:15930
7622:15926
7617:15924
7612:15919
7607:15897
7602:15707
7590:15706
7585:15693
7580:15686
7575:15511
7570:15504
7565:15438
7560:15445
7543:15444
7538:15408
7533:15398
7528:15291
7523:15288
7518:15189
7513:15022
7508:14971
7503:14882
7498:14764
7493:14698
7488:14651
7483:14649
7478:14644
7473:14617
7421:14496
7416:14443
7411:14396
7406:14289
7401:14224
7396:14031
7391:14000
7386:13818
7381:13816
7376:13616
7371:13584
7366:13568
7361:13567
7356:13490
7351:13485
7346:13450
7336:13399
7331:13250
7326:13216
7309:13211
7304:12620
7294:12207
7289:12182
7284:12052
7279:12006
7274:11992
7264:11941
7254:11940
7249:11898
7244:11889
7239:11801
7234:11785
7229:11784
7224:11783
7219:11544
7214:11404
7209:11179
7204:11172
7199:11170
7194:11073
7189:10967
7184:10962
7179:10957
7174:10861
7169:10746
7164:10664
7159:10646
7154:10628
7149:10589
7144:10585
7139:10383
7107:10303
7102:10279
7097:10218
7092:10206
7087:10179
7082:10165
7077:10161
7072:10160
7062:10116
7057:10007
7052:10006
5863:(SIS)
5712:AFNOR
5554:(PDF)
5547:(PDF)
5532:(PDF)
5525:(PDF)
5342:(PDF)
5335:(PDF)
5306:ISO.
5290:(PDF)
5283:(PDF)
5246:(DOC)
5200:(PDF)
5193:(PDF)
5141:ISO.
5111:ISO.
4981:ISO,
4963:ISO.
4940:(PDF)
4933:(PDF)
4914:(PDF)
4907:(PDF)
4630:(PDF)
4615:(PDF)
4597:(PDF)
4580:(PDF)
4508:(PDF)
4501:(PDF)
4340:(PDF)
4319:(PDF)
4175:Brand
3890:ZDNet
3864:OASIS
3456:Notes
3441:Stage
3157:Title
3145:nnnnn
2959:ISO 1
2954:ISO/R
2451:(EC2)
2214:4chan
2177:Skype
2082:2chan
2063:Baidu
1710:ICANN
1527:worms
1525:Nimda
1461:vBNS+
1324:GOSIP
1101:(WWW)
1063:(CIX)
970:(ANS)
929:GOSIP
875:(BGP)
798:UUNET
687:(DNS)
542:(IAB)
352:(NIC)
8401:Harm
8296:and
7132:-238
7036:9995
7031:9985
7026:9984
7021:9945
7016:9899
7011:9897
7001:9660
6996:9594
6986:9564
6981:9529
6976:9506
6971:9496
6966:9407
6961:9362
6956:9314
6951:9293
6946:9241
6941:9227
6936:9141
6931:9126
6926:9075
6921:9036
6911:8879
6864:-8-I
6819:8859
6809:8807
6799:8691
6794:8652
6789:8651
6784:8632
6779:8613
6774:8601
6769:8583
6764:8571
6754:8373
6749:8217
6744:8178
6739:8093
6734:8000
6729:7942
6724:7816
6719:7813
6714:7812
6709:7811
6704:7810
6699:7736
6694:7637
6682:7498
6677:7200
6672:7185
6667:7098
6662:7064
6657:7027
6652:7010
6647:7002
6642:7001
6637:6943
6632:6709
6627:6523
6622:6438
6617:6429
6612:6425
6607:6385
6602:6373
6597:6346
6592:6344
6587:6166
6582:5964
6577:5807
6572:5800
6567:5776
6562:5775
6557:5725
6552:5428
6547:5427
6542:5426
6537:5218
6532:4909
6527:4217
6522:4165
6517:4157
6512:4031
6507:3977
6502:3950
6497:3901
6492:3864
6487:3602
6482:3601
6477:3307
6472:3297
6450:3166
6445:3103
6440:3029
6435:2921
6430:2852
6425:2848
6420:2788
6415:2720
6410:2711
6405:2709
6400:2533
6395:2281
6390:2240
6385:2146
6380:2145
6375:2108
6370:2047
6365:2033
6360:2022
6355:2015
6350:2014
6345:1989
6340:1745
6335:1629
6330:1538
6325:1413
6320:1155
6305:1007
6300:1004
6295:1000
6118:68-1
5421:2023
5376:2009
5350:2022
5258:2010
5048:2007
5019:2020
4948:2012
4922:2012
4860:2020
4812:2021
4669:2023
4638:2021
4584:ISBN
4561:2014
4516:2020
4459:2024
4433:2024
4407:2022
4348:2022
4327:ISBN
4300:2022
4270:2022
4221:2020
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