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620:. Within a single organization it is common to find several different such KOSs used in contexts such as the records management system, the library catalogue, the corporate intranet, the research lab, etc. To help users with the challenge of running a single search across all the available collections, ISO 25964-2 provides guidance on mapping between the terms and concepts of one thesaurus and those of the other KOSs. Where mapping is not a sensible option, the standard recommends other forms of complementary vocabulary use.
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ISO 25964-1 explains how to build a monolingual or a multilingual thesaurus, how to display it, and how to manage its development. There is a data model to use for handling thesaurus data (especially when exchanging data between systems) and an XML schema for encoding the data. Both the model and the
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Since Part 1 of ISO 25964 was published it has been adopted by the national standards bodies in a number of countries. For example, The
British Standards Institution (BSI) in the UK has adopted it and labelled it unchanged as BS ISO 25964-1. At the time of writing similar consideration is under way
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covers some of the same ground as ISO 25964-1. It deals with monolingual lists, synonym rings and taxonomies as well as thesauri, but does not provide a data model, nor address multilingual vocabularies or other aspects of interoperability, such as mapping between KOSs. Where the two standards
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A thesaurus compliant with ISO 25964-1 (as Part 1 is known) lists all the concepts available for indexing in a given context, and labels each of them with a preferred term, as well as any synonyms that apply. Relationships between the concepts and between the terms are shown, making it easy to
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Similarly on the
Internet there is an opportunity to make a simultaneous search of repositories and databases that have been indexed with different KOSs, on an even wider scale. Interoperability between the different networks, platforms, software applications, and languages (both natural and
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In multilingual thesauri equivalence also applies between corresponding terms in different natural languages. Establishing correspondence is not always easy, and the standard provides recommendations for handling the difficulties that commonly arise.
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Whereas most of the applications envisaged for ISO 2788 and ISO 5964 were databases in a single domain, often in-house or for paper-based systems, ISO 25964 provides additional guidance for the new context of networked applications, including the
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applies to all sorts of “simple KOSs” that can be found on the Web, including thesauri and others. Whereas ISO 25964-1 advises on the selection and fitting together of concepts, terms and relationships to make a good thesaurus,
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overlap, they are broadly compatible with each other. NISO is actively involved in both standards, having participated in the work of developing ISO 25964 as well as running its secretariat. The W3C Recommendation
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artificial) is reliant on the adoption of numerous protocols and standards. ISO 25964-2 is the one to address interoperability between structured vocabularies, especially where a thesaurus is involved.
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schema can be accessed 24/7, free of charge, on the official website hosted by NISO. The standard also sets out the features you should look for when choosing software to manage the thesaurus.
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Even before the last part of BS 8723 was published, work began to adopt and adapt it as an international standard to replace ISO 2788 and ISO 5964. The project was led by a
Working Group of
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ISO 2788 and ISO 5964 were withdrawn in 2011, when they were replaced by the first part of ISO 25964. The second part of ISO 25964 was issued in March 2013, completing the project.
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addresses the next step - porting the thesaurus to the Web. And whereas ISO 25964-2 recommends the sort of mappings that can be established between one KOS and another,
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associative (between concepts that are closely related in some non-hierarchical way, e.g. between a disease and the virus that causes that disease)
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ISO 25964-2 deals with the challenges of using one thesaurus in combination with another, and/or with some other type of controlled vocabulary or
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navigate around the field while building up a search query. The main types of relationship include:
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ISO 25964 – the international standard for thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies
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equivalence (between synonyms and near-synonyms e.g. motor-bikes, motor-cycles and motorcycles)
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Guidelines for the
Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies
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Information and documentation - Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies
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The primary objective is thus summarised in the introduction to the standard as:
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has a close relationship with ISO 25964 in the context of the
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presents a way of expressing the mappings when published to the Web.
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BS 8723 Structured vocabularies for information retrieval - Guide
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Part 5: Exchange formats and protocols for interoperability
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the ISO 25964 based ontology, a SKOS and SKOS-XL extension
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Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies
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for Part 2. The
American standard ANSI/NISO Z39.19 -
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468:The first international standard for thesauri was
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761:an XML-schema for exchange of ISO 25964 thesauri
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491:Part 1: Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
287:International Organization for Standardization
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500:Part 4: Interoperability between vocabularies
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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429:Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval
218:Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval
197:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
497:Part 3: Vocabularies other than thesauri
155:Relevant discussion may be found on the
73:This article includes a list of general
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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511:(Information and documentation)
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42:or discuss these issues on the
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509:ISO's Technical Committee 46
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741:Glossary of thesaurus terms
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210:ISO 25964-1 and ISO 25964-2
159:. Please help Knowledge by
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246:part1: 15 August 2011
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602:subject heading schemes
94:more precise citations.
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260:; 11 years ago
248:; 13 years ago
161:rewriting this article
16:International standard
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528:information retrieval
610:name authority lists
534:and search queries.
278:part2: First Edition
276:part1: First Edition
163:with your own words.
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806:by standard number
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139:close paraphrasing
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36:Please help
33:
2730:20000–29999
1882:10000–19999
736:ISO 25964-1
92:introducing
3104:Categories
2509:16949 (TS)
2106:11941 (TR)
804:standards
718:2011-09-25
690:References
606:ontologies
598:taxonomies
265:2013-03-15
253:2011-08-15
75:references
39:improve it
2464:15926 WIP
1828:9592/9593
1753:9000/9001
1641:8805/8806
422:ISO 25964
411:ISO 25964
398:/standard
381:/standard
361:Copyright
347:Thesaurus
343:Semantics
322:, BS 8723
294:Committee
238:Published
157:talk page
137:contains
45:talk page
3115:Thesauri
3089:Category
814:List of
712:Archived
679:ISO 5964
674:ISO 2788
663:See also
478:ISO 5964
470:ISO 2788
415:thesauri
320:ISO 5964
316:ISO 2788
2990:29199-2
2862:23094-2
2857:23094-1
2847:23090-3
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2499:16612-2
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2136:12234-2
1904:10118-3
743:at the
532:tagging
464:History
372:part1:
369:Website
353:License
263: (
251: (
88:improve
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1651:8820-5
1596:8501-1
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1147:1073-1
831:1–9999
640:SKOS (
400:/53658
389:part2:
383:/53657
339:Domain
304:Series
235:Status
77:, but
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2011:10861
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2001:10664
1996:10646
1991:10628
1986:10589
1981:10585
1976:10383
1944:10303
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1934:10218
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1914:10161
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454:AFNOR
402:.html
385:.html
289:(ISO)
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