1771:
1658:
1746:
1681:
1725:
1704:
1823:
347:
1857:
1963:
1487:
1470:
1606:
1589:
1572:
1555:
1538:
1521:
1504:
370:
1939:
330:
3310:
1326:. He said he was doing so "under the banner of the Nigerian people" and accused the country's political elite of fuelling Nigeria's current ethnic and religious violence. On 8 November 2006, General Babangida picked up a nomination form from the Peoples Democratic Party headquarters in Abuja. This effectively put to rest any speculation about his ambitions to run for the Presidency. His form was personally issued to him by the
1284:
1951:
1431:
if
Nigeria had sold the entire annual production volume of 630 million barrels exactly on 27 September 1990 at the annual peak price of US$ 41/barrel - instead of the officially stated US$ 22/barrel average during the whole year. This is unlikely in view of the long-term supply contracts in the oil business and the sluggishness of the state-owned oil company
1334:. This action immediately drew extreme reactions of support or opposition from the southwest. In December, just before the presidential primaries, it was widely reported in Nigerian newspapers that Babangida had withdrawn his candidacy. In a letter excerpted in the media, IBB is quoted as citing the "moral dilemma" of running against
482:(1986). The regime also faced a series of ethnic and religious outbreaks related to the fallout of Babangida's decision to increase cooperation with the Muslim world and rise in extremist tendencies. On the continent, his rule projected the country as a regional power with diplomatic successes including the
1430:
jumped from US$ 15/barrel to US$ 41.15/barrel within weeks in 1990 and then crashed almost as quickly to the old value). Investigations into this did not lead to any concrete results. A critical remark is that the additional profit of US$ 12 billion calculated by Forbes could only have been realised
1372:
of his long-time rival
General Muhammadu Buhari as president, Babangida maintained a low profile. In 2017, Babangida had corrective surgery. He is considered a foremost elder statesman, and has called for a generational shift in leadership to allow for a new crop of leaders to replace the 1966
671:, the battalion came under heavy enemy fire and Babangida was shot on the right side of his chest. He was then hospitalized in Lagos, and was given the option of removing the bullet shrapnel, which he refused and still carries with him. Away and recovering from his wounds, Babangida married
2261:
Former
Military President, Gen. Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) has said that his initial plan in life was to become an civil engineer, but the decision by the then government of Northern Nigeria that youths of his time should be enlisted into the Nigerian army changed the course of his
699:. In 1973, he was made commander of the 4 Reconnaissance Regiment. In 1975, he became the commander of the Nigerian Army Armoured Corps. Babangida attended several defence and strategy courses. Colonel Babangida as Commander of the Armoured Corps was a key participant in the
785:
was orchestrated with a degree of military deftness hitherto not seen in the history of coup plotting. The whole affair carried out by
Babangida as ringleader was planned at the highest levels of the army cultivating his strategic relationship with allies:
1119:, opposed the decision to join the Islamic organization and was removed as Chief of General Staff. Close to the end of his tenure, he paid a state visit to the queen of the United Kingdom making him the second Nigerian leader after Yakubu Gowon to do so.
50:
984:
actually did grow as had been hoped, with the export sector performing especially well. But falling real wages in the public sector and among the urban classes, along with a drastic reduction in expenditure on public services, set off
887:
Shortly after coming to power
General Babangida established the Nigerian Political Bureau of 1986. The bureau was inaugurated to conduct a national debate on the political future of Nigeria, and was charged amongst other things
838:
detailed to arrest the head of state. By daybreak, the conspirators had taken over the government and
Babangida flew into Lagos from Minna where he was announced as the new commander-in-chief in a radio broadcast by General
754:. Babangida alongside his other co-conspirators later appointed the most senior serving officer at the time General Muhammadu Buhari as military head of state from 1983 to 1985; and Babangida was promoted and appointed as
4148:
1200:
Head of the
Transitional Council and de jure Head of Government. At the time, the transitional council was designed to be the final phase leading to a scheduled handover to an elected democratic leader in the slated
1240:. The elections were later annulled by military head of state General Babangida, citing electoral irregularities. The annulment led to widespread protests and political unrest in Abiola's stronghold of the
1115:, where there is a Muslim majority population. However, non-Muslims criticised the move likening it to an Islamisation agenda of Nigeria, a secular country. Babangida's then second-in-command Commodore
806:, and younger officers from his days as an instructor in the military academy (graduates of the NDA's Regular Course 3), and gradually positioned his allies within the echelons of military hierarchy.
1415:
Babangida is rumoured to be worth over US$ 5 billion. He is believed to secretly possess a multi-billion dollar fortune via successive ownership of stakes in a number of
Nigerian companies.
1407:
from 1969 until her death in 2009. They had four children together; Aisha, Muhammad, Aminu, and Halima. On 27 December 2009, Maryam
Babangida died from complications of ovarian cancer.
976:
propagate the need to eschew all vices in public life, including corruption, dishonesty, electoral and census malpractices, ethnic and religious bigotry, promoting social justice
4138:
3155:
855:
promulgated his official title as the
President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and placed Muhammadu Buhari under house arrest in
4183:
4153:
2992:
3502:
1435:. Babangida commented in 2022 on the above allegations that he and his staff had been "saints". This account should be assessed with as much caution as Forbes' calculation.
1169:. This process advocated that any candidate needed to pass through adoption for all elective positions from the local government, state government, and federal government.
892:
Review Nigeria’s political history and identify the basic problems which have led to our failure in the past and suggest ways of resolving and coping with these problems.
996:, the largest bridge on the continent at the time. His administration also saw the completion of the dualising of the Kaduna-Kano highway. Babangida also completed the
675:
on 6 September 1969. He returned to the war front in December 1969, commanding a battalion. In January 1970, Babangida was informed by his sectional commander General
2511:
4178:
4133:
4128:
4123:
915:(MAMSER), following a recommendation from the Political Bureau, to increase self-reliance and economic recovery. The policies involved in the SAP and MAMSER were:
781:
Following the coup d'Ă©tat of 1983, General Babangida (then Chief of Army Staff) started scheming to overthrow military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari. The
4118:
2738:
588:
He was Commanding Officer of 1 Reconnaissance Squadron from 1964 to 1966. From January 1966 to April 1966, Babangida attended the Younger Officers Course at the
2884:
1153:
famously referred to as "two leper hands." The two-party state had been a Political Bureau recommendation. In November 1991, after a census was conducted, the
4173:
533:
by Muhammad and Aisha Babangida. He received early Islamic education before attending primary school from 1950 to 1956. From 1957 to 1962 Babangida attended
3712:
399:
3269:
1303:
system which cuts across the entire country. In 1998, Babangida was instrumental in the transition to democracy. Babangida is one of the founders of the
759:
707:
731:
2248:
1184:, but on 7 August 1992, the NEC annulled the first round of 1992 presidential primaries. Babangida annulled the 7 August presidential primaries which
3495:
459:, are considered one of the most controversial in Nigerian political and military history, being characterized by a burgeoning political culture of
3721:
1745:
2674:
1680:
466:
The Babangida regime oversaw the establishment of a state security apparatus; survived two coup d'ètat attempts and the subsequent execution of
2789:
2459:
589:
2761:
1060:
to thirty in 1991. Babangida also increased the share of oil royalties and rents to states of origin from 1.5 to 3 percent. Babangida and his
1275:. Babangida at the height of the crisis stated "If I am sleeping and I hear the Yorubas beating the drums of war, I would go back to sleep."
1192:
as the NRC candidate order to get rid of the old guard in both parties. In January 1993, Babangida rejigged the ruling military junta – the
3488:
1365:
later emerged as the PDP presidential candidate and throughout his presidency sought counsel from Babangida and his military inner circle.
727:
1883:
1252:
businessman. Babangida later admitted that the elections were annulled due to national security considerations, which he didn't specify.
404:
4163:
1724:
822:, and ruthless second-in-command to General Muhammadu Buhari. At midnight on 27 August 1985, the plot metamorphosed with four Majors:
4143:
2651:
1196:– replacing it with the National Defence and Security Council, as the supreme decision-making organ of the regime. He also appointed
1154:
2966:
1255:
The lingering 12 June crisis led to the resignation of General Babangida in August 1993. Babangida signed a decree establishing the
863:(AFRC) as the highest law-making council serving as chairman; he also restructured the national security apparatus, tasking General
3705:
2939:
1822:
1813:
1703:
1209:
1061:
4168:
4158:
3262:
2733:
711:
1327:
872:
2122:
2104:
1193:
876:
860:
2911:
1173:
1158:
1146:
3690:
1868:
3698:
2814:
2519:
1350:
1323:
1316:
1237:
1202:
1104:
1009:
997:
518:
4103:
3255:
1304:
566:
245:
2015:
3278:
3229:
2313:
2202:
2177:
2087:
1221:
1177:
1138:
129:
64:
2486:
455:
from 1985 to 1993, ruling for an uninterrupted period of eight years. His years in power, colloquially known as the
3725:
1856:
1818:
1346:, given IBB's close relationship with the latter two. It is widely believed that his chances of winning were slim.
868:
409:
1770:
1657:
4113:
843:. Babangida justified the coup in a speech describing General Muhammadu Buhari's military regime as "too rigid".
696:
463:, with Babangida and his regime estimated to have appropriated at least 12 billion dollars (23.9 billion today).
2432:
1268:
782:
771:
743:
700:
605:
417:
1369:
1233:
1208:
On 12 June 1993, the presidential election was finally held. The results though not officially declared by the
1142:
742:
Babangida was the Director of Army Staff Duties and Plans from 1981 to 1983. He was the main figure behind the
20:
3013:
3997:
1909:
1765:
1652:
900:
755:
155:
40:
424:, until his resignation in 1993 as a result of the post-12 June 1993 election which he illegally nullified.
3114:
Petroleum Statistics: Crude Oil Production (Volume and Value) and Oil Refining. In: www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
3059:
2240:
1181:
1165:
and a presidential election would be held later that year. A process of voting was adopted, referred to as
1084:
3086:
2608:
Lewis, Peter (March 1996). "From Prebendalism to Predation: The Political Economy of Decline in Nigeria".
989:
and other manifestations of discontent that made a sustained commitment to the SAP difficult to maintain.
695:
as an instructor. From August 1972 to June 1973, he attended the Advanced Armoured Officers Course at the
497:
Abroad, Babangida's military regime cemented traditional relations with the English-speaking world of the
1986:
1358:
1162:
992:
Babangida contributed to the development of national infrastructure. He finished the construction of the
904:
867:
as Co-ordinator of National Security directly reporting to him in the president's office he created the:
147:
3038:
659:. In 1968, he became commander of the 44 Infantry Battalion which was involved in heavy fighting within
4108:
4093:
3831:
3641:
1256:
1000:. He had the Toja Bridge in Kebbi constructed. He also created the Jibia Water Treatment Plant and the
617:
1357:, Nigeria. Babangida was later urged by his military inner circle to withdraw his candidacy after the
4098:
2800:
1264:
956:
819:
436:
87:
3430:
3370:
2225:
1426:
Babangida channelled US$ 12 billion of unplanned profits ("oil windfall") into his own pocket (the
1092:
747:
692:
585:
on 26 September 1963. Babangida attended the Indian Military Academy from April to September 1963.
487:
225:
3127:
1103:
and enhanced relations with the United States and the United Kingdom. In 1986, Nigeria joined the
1012:
in order to better manage the national roads. On 23 September 1987, Babangida created two states:
4012:
3931:
3901:
3569:
3557:
3471:
3319:
3195:
2041:
1134:
1128:
582:
534:
514:
506:
178:
1349:
In September 2010, Babangida officially declared his intention to run for the presidency in the
899:
Between 1983 and 1985, the country suffered an economic crisis. In 1986, Babangida launched the
4088:
4062:
3771:
3444:
2127:
1185:
936:
923:
652:
491:
3846:
3811:
3521:
3344:
1423:
993:
460:
448:
4083:
4037:
4007:
3972:
3926:
3861:
3791:
3756:
3720:
3593:
3419:
3132:
2916:
2464:
2071:
1343:
1308:
1241:
1137:. He legalized the formation of political parties and formed the two-party system with the
864:
791:
680:
538:
413:
68:
2675:"Leadership, Policy Making, and Economic Growth in African Countries: The Case of Nigeria"
2407:
581:(a month before it became the Nigerian Army) with the personal army number N/438 from the
8:
3659:
3623:
2848:
Ologbondiyan, Kola, Sufuyan Ojeifo and Oke Epia, "IBB: I Withdraw for Gusau, Yar`Adua"],
2244:
986:
710:
from 1 August 1975 to October 1979. Colonel Babangida crushed almost single-handedly the
597:
346:
4047:
2762:"Why we annuled [sic] June 12 Presidential election — General Ibrahim Babangida"
3992:
3786:
3746:
3647:
3629:
3617:
3551:
2766:
2633:
2625:
2212:
1543:
1388:
1001:
981:
676:
646:
562:
444:
432:
383:
3921:
3480:
2150:
1828:
3967:
3936:
3449:
3439:
3359:
2637:
2309:
2198:
2173:
2083:
2053:
1991:
1901:
1847:
1577:
1475:
1362:
1339:
1335:
1312:
1217:
1065:
1057:
964:
835:
574:
513:. The fall of Babangida and his regime was precipitated by the transition toward the
467:
440:
373:
32:
980:
Between 1986 and 1988, these policies were executed as intended by the IMF, and the
896:
The exercise was the broadest political consultation conducted in Nigerian history.
4002:
3962:
3766:
3665:
3454:
3395:
3354:
3290:
3222:
2617:
2075:
1955:
1404:
1288:
1112:
715:
672:
621:
613:
578:
421:
257:
229:
124:
106:
3871:
1267:, who refused to recognize the interim government, the crisis lingered for months
651:
Following the outbreak of the civil war, Babangida was recalled and posted to the
4057:
4042:
3987:
3881:
3841:
3826:
3677:
3653:
3405:
3239:
2912:"Jonathan visits IBB, says "I needed to see my father to know how he is feeling""
2794:
2715:
2698:
1967:
1260:
1244:, as many felt Babangida had ulterior motives, and did not want to cede power to
1197:
1069:
1013:
723:
593:
546:
142:
2862:
2831:
2460:"June 12: MKO Abiola funded 1985 coup that removed Buhari - Fani-Kayode alleges"
726:. From January 1977 to July 1977, he attended the Senior Officers Course at the
565:. Babangida joined the Nigerian Army on 10 December 1962, where he attended the
3982:
3941:
3866:
3851:
3821:
3781:
3776:
3761:
3741:
3587:
3539:
3328:
1943:
1841:
1245:
1229:
1213:
945:
927:
852:
815:
751:
656:
502:
4027:
4022:
2993:"Filmmaker tells IBB's story in biopic film 'Badamasi: Portrait of a General'"
2621:
49:
4077:
4017:
3916:
3896:
3876:
3836:
3751:
3533:
3379:
3202:
2997:
2057:
1888:
1686:
1663:
1594:
1249:
1149:. He urged all Nigerians to join either of the parties, which the late Chief
1100:
1017:
932:
831:
719:
625:
498:
428:
350:
3247:
3906:
3796:
3671:
3605:
3527:
3349:
3299:
2080:
Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society Under Babangida
1862:
1526:
1432:
1427:
1392:
1189:
1108:
1096:
1088:
1049:
973:
shed all pretences of affluence in their lifestyle, promoting self-reliance
960:
919:
827:
823:
799:
795:
683:
to the federal military government in Lagos, signaling the end of the war.
629:
609:
542:
483:
471:
4149:
Members of the Nigerian National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies
3179:
3012:
Ndiribe, Okey; Akoni, Olasunkanmi; Olowoopejo, Monsur (29 December 2009).
691:
In 1970, following the war Babangida was promoted twice and posted to the
600:. Lieutenant Babangida was posted with the 1st Reconnaissance Squadron in
4032:
3977:
3957:
3891:
3856:
3611:
3581:
3563:
3545:
3459:
3414:
3212:
2940:"Death rumours: Babangida finally breaks silence on his health condition"
2306:
Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966 - 1976)
1272:
1225:
1116:
1029:
1005:
970:
re-orient Nigerians to shun waste and vanity, promoting economic recovery
941:
913:
Mass Mobilization for Self Reliance, Social Justice and Economic Recovery
840:
787:
234:
190:
97:
1962:
4052:
3816:
3801:
3635:
3599:
1492:
1331:
1073:
1021:
911:, to restructure the Nigerian economy. In 1987, Babangida launched the
908:
803:
558:
554:
550:
292:
2652:"How Nigeria got to 36 States (Timeline of State creation in Nigeria)"
2629:
1107:
an international organisation considered the "collective voice of the
1076:, led the regime's relocation of the seat of government from Lagos to
814:
The execution of the palace coup was initially delayed due to General
509:
and the privatization of state-owned enterprises alongside a national
3911:
3091:
2896:
2716:"Nigeria: Perspectives: Jubril Aminu And Ebitu Ukiwe: the Main Point"
1486:
1469:
1300:
1166:
479:
474:(1991) alongside the trial of hundreds of soldiers; assassination in
2734:"IBB at 80: A birthday tribute and his good leadership prescription"
2123:"Remembering Dele Giwa, Nigeria's hero of journalism 34 years after"
1605:
1588:
1571:
1554:
1537:
1520:
1503:
1448:
During his military career, Babangida attained the following ranks:
730:. From 1979 to 1980, he attended the Senior Executive Course at the
369:
3806:
3180:
US Library of Congress – Country Studies – The Babangida Government
2944:
2835:
2580:
2541:
2490:
1878:
1383:
1263:. As interim president, Shonekan initially appointed Abiola as his
1150:
452:
3309:
1391:
as well as his time as the military head of state was produced by
1283:
1133:
In 1989, Babangida started making plans for the transition to the
750:, with financial backing from his close associate and businessman
3282:
2556:"Major-General Babaginda Address to the Nation - August 27, 1985"
2151:"Ibrahim Babangida 1941– Nigerian president and military officer"
1647:
1611:
1560:
1509:
668:
335:
1987:"Nigerian Military Dictator Steps Down, Installs Interim Regime"
1299:
From his hilltop residence in Minna, Babangida has cultivated a
926:
to include the abolition of marketing boards and elimination of
2699:"The City as Public Space: Abuja - the Capital City of Nigeria"
1419:
1033:
949:
912:
660:
601:
570:
510:
2967:"IBB urges Buhari to step down in 2019 for digital leadership"
2555:
2391:
Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Power in Nigeria
2376:
Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Power in Nigeria
2361:
Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Power in Nigeria
2346:
Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Power in Nigeria
2331:
Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Power in Nigeria
2170:
Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Power in Nigeria
2042:"The Prelude to Babangida Regime's Foreign Policy Initiatives"
1354:
1322:
In August 2006, Babangida announced that he would run in the
1292:
1077:
1037:
1025:
856:
706:
He was later appointed as one of the youngest members of the
664:
530:
475:
221:
3087:"IBB must face probe over $ 12.4bn oil windfall, says SERAP"
1053:
1045:
1041:
663:
territory. In 1969, during a reconnaissance operation from
2016:"How IBB annulled the June 24, 1993 presidential election"
1020:. On 27 August 1991, Babangida created nine more states:
592:
in the United Kingdom – where he received instruction in
3116:. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics. 2016. p. 8.
3510:
3230:
President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria
4139:
Participants in the August 1985 Nigerian military coup
3011:
722:
station from the main perpetrator, Lieutenant Colonel
435:
and at various times being involved in almost all the
4184:
Grand Commanders of the Order of the Federal Republic
4154:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2143:
517:
and the subsequent militarization of politics in the
2241:"I Pray Nigeria Never Fight Another Civil War — IBB"
1766:
Grand Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic
1307:
alongside other prominent military generals such as
2790:"Former military ruler of Nigeria seeks presidency"
2195:
Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Power and Politics
2799:
2512:"Nigeria: Palace Coup of 1985 By Dr. Nowa Omoigui"
1319:in order to springboard themselves back to power.
732:National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies
486:and the military engagement of Nigerian troops in
408:(born 17 August 1941) is a Nigerian statesman and
3722:Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity
2197:. Adonis & Abbey Publishers. pp. 12–13.
2172:. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. p. 12.
1387:which chronicled his early life, life during the
4075:
2885:"IBB Formally Declares to Contest for President"
2603:
2601:
529:Ibrahim Babangida was born on 17 August 1941 in
4179:Commanders of the Order of the Federal Republic
4134:Participants in the 1983 Nigerian military coup
4129:Participants in the 1975 Nigerian military coup
4124:Participants in the 1976 Nigerian military coup
1180:(SDP) winning majorities in both houses of the
1122:
16:Military President of Nigeria from 1985 to 1993
4119:Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup
2815:"Nigeria's 'evil genius' enters election race"
1906:Grand Collar of the Order of the Independence
1653:Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic
1188:emerged as the SDP presidential candidate and
714:that resulted in the assassination of General
420:against his military and political arch-rival
3706:
3496:
3277:
3263:
2598:
2581:"The Palace Coup of August 27, 1985 (PART 3)"
2542:"The Palace Coup of August 27, 1985 (PART 2)"
1914:Highest national honour in Equatorial Guinea
1157:(NEC) announced on 24 January 1992 that both
4174:Military personnel of the Nigerian Civil War
3039:"Richest Politicians in Nigeria: The Top 10"
2402:
2400:
728:Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji
2708:
2437:Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation
2035:
2033:
1311:. They were said to have supported General
3713:
3699:
3503:
3489:
3270:
3256:
1338:, the younger brother of the late General
1062:Ministers of the Federal Capital Territory
737:
48:
3470:*Civilian; headed transition to abortive
3084:
2397:
2013:
1668:Third highest national honour in Nigeria
1395:and released in cinemas on 12 June 2020.
608:, which resulted in the assassination of
604:, and witnessed the events of the bloody
573:. Babangida received his commission as a
439:, before advancing to the full-rank of a
3014:"The life and times of Maryam Babangida"
2433:"BABANGIDA, Gen Ibrahim Badamasi (rtd.)"
2282:
2239:Nnadozie, Chinwendu (23 December 2023).
2238:
2046:Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences
2030:
1893:Prestigious national honour in Zimbabwe
1422:assumed in 2011 that shortly before the
1282:
612:. Alongside several young officers from
273:
168:1 January 1984 – 26 August 1985
81:27 August 1985 – 26 August 1993
2787:
2457:
2303:
2297:
2186:
1236:(NRC) by over 2.3 million votes in the
4076:
3060:"On The Trail Of Babangida's Billions"
2909:
2731:
2672:
2388:
2373:
2343:
2328:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2192:
2167:
2105:"Who Were Africa's Richest Dictators?"
2039:
948:to improve the competitiveness of the
765:
577:as a regular combatant officer in the
3694:
3484:
3251:
2937:
2759:
2610:The Journal of Modern African Studies
2607:
2102:
3128:"Gulf oil windfall not stolen - IBB"
2251:from the original on 23 January 2024
2103:Nsehe, Mfonobong (8 November 2011).
2098:
2096:
820:Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters
451:; and as an unelected President and
3511:Chiefs of Army Staff (COAS) Nigeria
3085:Oladimeji, Ramon (22 August 2016).
2832:"Babangida to contest Nigeria poll"
2040:Salami, B. Olawale (5 March 2014).
2014:Ogundairo, Abiodun (24 June 2020).
1846:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
1779:Highest national honour in Nigeria
1619:
1324:2007 Nigerian presidential election
1317:1999 Nigerian presidential election
1269:culminating in the seizure of power
1105:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
998:Shiroro Hydroelectric Power Station
13:
2487:"1983: Power seized in armed coup"
2358:
1785:
1410:
1278:
1091:, involved Nigerian troops in the
746:which led to the overthrow of the
635:
567:Nigerian Military Training College
14:
4195:
4164:20th-century Nigerian politicians
3173:
2910:Odunsi, Wale (27 December 2014).
2863:"Blow to Babangida's Nigeria bid"
2093:
1833:Highest decoration of Yugoslavia
1443:
427:He rose through the ranks of the
130:Military Head of State of Nigeria
4144:Participants of coups in Nigeria
3308:
3234:17 August 1985 – 26 August 1993
2788:Mahtani, Dino (15 August 2006).
1961:
1949:
1937:
1855:
1821:
1819:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star
1769:
1744:
1723:
1702:
1679:
1656:
1604:
1587:
1570:
1553:
1536:
1519:
1502:
1485:
1468:
1376:
1176:went ahead as planned, with the
686:
368:
345:
328:
148:Interim Head of State of Nigeria
3148:
3120:
3106:
3078:
3052:
3031:
3005:
2985:
2959:
2931:
2903:
2877:
2855:
2842:
2824:
2808:
2781:
2753:
2725:
2691:
2666:
2644:
2573:
2548:
2534:
2504:
2479:
2451:
2425:
2382:
2367:
2352:
2337:
2322:
2232:
1973:
1384:Badamasi: Portrait of a General
1056:. Bringing the total number of
859:until 1988. He established the
846:
697:United States Army Armor School
269:
4169:Chiefs of Army Staff (Nigeria)
4159:Indian Military Academy alumni
3156:"Svi uslovi za bolju saradnju"
2938:Buari, Jasmine (8 June 2016).
2732:Agbese, Dan (20 August 2021).
2458:Opejobi, Seun (13 June 2021).
2161:
2115:
2064:
2007:
1979:
1743:National Service Medal (NSM);
1234:National Republican Convention
1143:National Republican Convention
718:by taking back control of the
21:Ibrahim Babangida (footballer)
1:
1920:
1910:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
1884:Freedom of the City of Harare
1722:General Service Medal (GSM);
1678:Defence Service Medal (DSM);
1342:, as well as against General
1210:National Electoral Commission
1155:National Electoral Commission
1111:". This move was welcomed in
1008:. Babangida also founded the
967:governments during the 1970s.
903:(SAP), with support from the
901:Structural Adjustment Program
882:
655:under the command of General
524:
276:; died 2009)
2865:. BBC News. 11 December 2006
1701:Forces Services Star (FSS);
1123:Crisis of the Third Republic
1085:foreign relations of Nigeria
955:relaxation of restraints on
873:National Intelligence Agency
809:
640:
7:
3389:Military regime (1983–1999)
3338:Military regime (1966–1979)
2760:Ajani, Jide (8 June 2013).
1930:
1257:Interim National Government
1174:1992 parliamentary election
1087:. He rejected apartheid in
1083:Babangida strengthened the
905:International Monetary Fund
877:Defence Intelligence Agency
861:Armed Forces Ruling Council
776:
679:of the capitulation of the
628:replacing him with General
537:, together with classmates
10:
4200:
3642:Abdulrahman Bello Dambazau
2673:Iyosha, Milton A. (2008).
1869:British Orders of Chivalry
1867:Fourth-most senior of the
1438:
1359:October 2010 Abuja bombing
1351:2011 presidential election
1238:1993 presidential election
1203:1993 presidential election
1126:
769:
644:
519:1993 presidential election
418:orchestrated a coup d'Ă©tat
396:Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida
18:
4104:Heads of state of Nigeria
3950:
3732:
3516:
3468:
3428:
3388:
3368:
3337:
3317:
3306:
3289:
3236:
3227:
3219:
3209:
3200:
3192:
3187:
2852:, 12 December 2006, p. 1.
2622:10.1017/s0022278x0005521x
1403:Babangida was married to
1398:
1010:Federal Road Safety Corps
772:1985 Nigerian coup d'Ă©tat
437:military coups in Nigeria
389:
379:
364:
356:
341:
323:
318:
301:
291:
283:
251:
241:
205:
200:
196:
184:
172:
161:
154:
136:
118:
85:
74:
63:
59:
47:
30:
3166:(214): 6. 1 August 1988.
1925:
1305:Peoples Democratic Party
760:Supreme Military Council
708:Supreme Military Council
693:Nigerian Defence Academy
246:Peoples Democratic Party
19:For the footballer, see
3570:Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi
3558:Ipoola Alani Akinrinade
3203:Chief of the Army Staff
3196:Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi
1368:In 2015, following the
1287:Babangida (right) with
1222:Social Democratic Party
1178:Social Democratic Party
1139:Social Democratic Party
1135:Third Nigerian Republic
1129:Third Nigerian Republic
1099:which gave rise to the
738:Army Staff Headquarters
583:Indian Military Academy
535:Government College Bida
515:Third Nigerian Republic
507:economic liberalization
179:Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi
4114:Nigerian Army officers
2308:. Algora. p. 97.
2082:, Vantage Publishers,
1296:
1147:1992 general elections
894:
869:State Security Service
616:, he took part in the
412:who ruled as military
3522:Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
2304:Siollun, Max (2009).
1286:
1159:legislative elections
1127:Further information:
1080:on 12 December 1991.
994:Third Mainland Bridge
890:
828:Abubakar Dangiwa Umar
770:Further information:
645:Further information:
624:which ousted General
590:Royal Armoured Centre
461:corruption in Nigeria
357:Years of service
297:Royal Armoured Centre
287:4, including Mohammed
3594:Aliyu Mohammed Gusau
2804:on 10 December 2022.
2389:Agbese, Dan (2012).
2374:Agbese, Dan (2012).
2344:Agbese, Dan (2012).
2329:Agbese, Dan (2012).
2289:Agbese, Dan (2012).
2168:Agbese, Dan (2012).
2072:Kirk-Greene, Anthony
1956:Biography portal
1344:Aliyu Mohammed Gusau
1309:Aliyu Mohammed Gusau
1212:– showed the duo of
959:put in place by the
539:Abdulsalami Abubakar
414:president of Nigeria
69:President of Nigeria
3660:Tukur Yusuf Buratai
3624:Martin Luther Agwai
2887:. 15 September 2010
2722:, 14 December 2004.
2714:Iloegbunam, Chuks,
2408:"Ibrahim Babangida"
2393:. pp. 103–104.
2245:Independent Nigeria
1968:Politics portal
1145:(NRC) ahead of the
924:agricultural sector
783:palace coup of 1985
766:Coup d'Ă©tat of 1985
756:Chief of Army Staff
744:coup d'ètat of 1983
712:coup d'Ă©tat of 1976
701:coup d'Ă©tat of 1975
606:coup d'Ă©tat of 1966
598:Saladin armored car
579:Royal Nigerian Army
521:which he annulled.
156:Chief of Army Staff
3648:Azubuike Ihejirika
3630:Owoye Andrew Azazi
3618:Alexander Ogomudia
3552:Theophilus Danjuma
2439:. 22 November 2016
2220:Unknown parameter
1944:Nigeria portal
1544:Lieutenant Colonel
1389:Nigerian Civil War
1297:
1093:Liberian Civil War
1072:and later General
1002:Challawa Cenga Dam
957:foreign investment
937:public enterprises
758:and member of the
677:Theophilus Danjuma
647:Nigerian Civil War
563:Mohammed Sani Sami
505:; and implemented
445:Commander-in-Chief
443:and ultimately as
433:Nigerian Civil War
416:from 1985 when he
384:Nigerian Civil War
4109:Nigerian generals
4094:People from Minna
4071:
4070:
3688:
3687:
3576:Ibrahim Babangida
3478:
3477:
3429:President of the
3369:President of the
3318:President of the
3246:
3245:
3237:Succeeded by
3210:Succeeded by
3188:Military offices
2973:. 4 February 2018
2838:. 15 August 2006.
2412:www.mynigeria.com
2333:. pp. 94–98.
2291:Ibrahim Babangida
2278:. pp. 48–49.
2276:Ibrahim Babangida
2131:. 19 October 2020
1992:Los Angeles Times
1918:
1917:
1902:Equatorial Guinea
1852:Military division
1848:Order of the Bath
1783:
1782:
1617:
1616:
1578:Brigadier General
1476:Second Lieutenant
1363:Goodluck Jonathan
1313:Olusegun Obasanjo
1182:National Assembly
1163:National Assembly
1058:states in Nigeria
836:Abdulmumini Aminu
618:July counter-coup
575:second lieutenant
511:mass mobilization
453:military dictator
410:military dictator
393:
392:
54:Babangida in 2010
37:Ibrahim Babangida
4191:
4099:Nigerian Muslims
3715:
3708:
3701:
3692:
3691:
3666:Ibrahim Attahiru
3505:
3498:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3410:
3312:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3223:Muhammadu Buhari
3220:Preceded by
3193:Preceded by
3185:
3184:
3168:
3167:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3136:. 5 January 2015
3124:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3066:. 26 August 2006
3064:Sahara Reporters
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2828:
2822:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2798:. Archived from
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2729:
2723:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2679:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2518:. Archived from
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2155:Encyclopedia.com
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2091:
2076:Oyeleye Oyediran
2070:Diamond, Larry;
2068:
2062:
2061:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1995:. 27 August 1993
1983:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1859:
1825:
1790:
1789:
1773:
1748:
1727:
1706:
1683:
1660:
1624:
1623:
1620:National honours
1608:
1591:
1574:
1557:
1540:
1523:
1506:
1489:
1472:
1451:
1450:
1405:Maryam Babangida
1381:A biopic titled
1373:military class.
1289:Femi Fani-Kayode
1218:Babagana Kingibe
1117:Ebitu Okoh Ukiwe
1113:Northern Nigeria
987:waves of rioting
982:Nigerian economy
853:ruling by decree
716:Murtala Mohammed
622:Murtala Mohammed
614:Northern Nigeria
610:Sir Ahmadu Bello
431:fighting in the
422:Muhammadu Buhari
407:
402:
372:
349:
334:
332:
331:
319:Military service
311:military officer
277:
275:
271:
258:Maryam Babangida
219:
215:
213:
201:Personal details
187:
175:
166:
150:
139:
132:
125:Muhammadu Buhari
121:
107:Augustus Aikhomu
90:
79:
52:
28:
27:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4067:
3946:
3734:
3733:Organisation of
3728:
3719:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3678:Taoreed Lagbaja
3654:Kenneth Minimah
3512:
3509:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3431:Fourth Republic
3424:
3408:
3384:
3371:Second Republic
3364:
3333:
3313:
3304:
3285:
3276:
3242:
3240:Ernest Shonekan
3233:
3225:
3215:
3206:
3198:
3176:
3171:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3010:
3006:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2908:
2904:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2843:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2813:
2809:
2795:Financial Times
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2730:
2726:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2654:. 2 August 2018
2650:
2649:
2645:
2606:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2387:
2383:
2372:
2368:
2357:
2353:
2342:
2338:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2302:
2298:
2287:
2283:
2274:Agbese (2012).
2272:
2268:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2233:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2193:Agbese (2012).
2191:
2187:
2180:
2166:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2101:
2094:
2069:
2065:
2038:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1829:Raif Dizdarević
1788:
1786:Foreign honours
1754:Military award
1733:Military award
1712:Military award
1691:Military award
1622:
1446:
1441:
1424:Second Gulf War
1413:
1411:Personal wealth
1401:
1379:
1281:
1279:Post presidency
1261:Ernest Shonekan
1224:(SDP) defeated
1198:Ernest Shonekan
1161:to a bicameral
1131:
1125:
1070:Hamza Abdullahi
1014:Akwa Ibom State
885:
849:
812:
779:
774:
768:
748:Second Republic
740:
724:Buka Suka Dimka
689:
649:
643:
638:
636:Military career
547:Mohammed Magoro
527:
403:
398:
329:
327:
314:
279:
267:
263:
260:
242:Political party
232:
230:British Nigeria
226:Northern Region
220:
217:
211:
209:
185:
173:
167:
162:
145:
143:Ernest Shonekan
137:
127:
119:
114:
111:
109:
102:
100:
86:
80:
75:
55:
43:
38:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4197:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3718:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3588:Salihu Ibrahim
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3540:Hassan Katsina
3537:
3531:
3525:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3472:Third Republic
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3320:First Republic
3315:
3314:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3279:Heads of state
3275:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3174:External links
3172:
3170:
3169:
3147:
3119:
3105:
3077:
3051:
3030:
3004:
2984:
2958:
2930:
2902:
2876:
2854:
2841:
2823:
2807:
2780:
2752:
2724:
2707:
2690:
2665:
2643:
2597:
2572:
2547:
2533:
2522:on 8 June 2021
2503:
2478:
2450:
2424:
2396:
2381:
2378:. p. 103.
2366:
2363:. p. 102.
2351:
2348:. p. 101.
2336:
2321:
2314:
2296:
2281:
2266:
2231:
2203:
2185:
2178:
2160:
2142:
2114:
2092:
2063:
2029:
2006:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1886:
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1876:
1872:
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1865:
1860:
1844:
1842:United Kingdom
1839:
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1831:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
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1787:
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1781:
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1777:
1774:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:
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1751:Nigerian Army
1749:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:Nigerian Army
1728:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:Nigerian Army
1707:
1699:
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1462:
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1455:
1445:
1444:Military ranks
1442:
1440:
1437:
1412:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1378:
1375:
1340:Shehu Yar'Adua
1336:Umaru Yar'Adua
1280:
1277:
1265:vice president
1246:Moshood Abiola
1230:Slyvester Ugoh
1214:Moshood Abiola
1186:Shehu Yar'Adua
1124:
1121:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
953:
946:Nigerian naira
939:
930:
928:price controls
907:(IMF) and the
884:
881:
848:
845:
816:Tunde Idiagbon
811:
808:
778:
775:
767:
764:
752:Moshood Abiola
739:
736:
688:
685:
657:Mohammed Shuwa
642:
639:
637:
634:
526:
523:
503:United Kingdom
391:
390:
387:
386:
381:
377:
376:
366:
362:
361:
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354:
353:
343:
342:Branch/service
339:
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325:
321:
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309:
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299:
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265:
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256:
255:
253:
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248:
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216:17 August 1941
207:
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176:
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159:
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140:
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116:
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112:
105:
103:
96:
93:
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88:Vice President
83:
82:
72:
71:
61:
60:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
39:
36:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4196:
4185:
4182:
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4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:Living people
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
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4026:
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4019:
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4009:
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3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
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3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:African Union
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
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3915:
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3910:
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3808:
3805:
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3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
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3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:African Unity
3731:
3727:
3726:African Union
3723:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3679:
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3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
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3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3534:Joseph Akahan
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3506:
3501:
3499:
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3492:
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3404:
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3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:Aguiyi-Ironsi
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3301:
3298:
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3205:
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3165:
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3123:
3115:
3109:
3094:
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3088:
3081:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3040:
3034:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2998:Premium Times
2994:
2988:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2919:
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2913:
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2694:
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2653:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2616:(1): 79–103.
2615:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2586:
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2576:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2543:
2537:
2521:
2517:
2516:www.waado.org
2513:
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2392:
2385:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2359:Agbese, Dan.
2355:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2315:9780875867090
2311:
2307:
2300:
2293:. p. 83.
2292:
2285:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2222:|fir t1=
2214:
2206:
2204:9781906704964
2200:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2179:9781906704964
2175:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2088:978-2458-54-6
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2034:
2017:
2010:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:Robert Mugabe
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1866:
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1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:Nigerian Army
1685:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:Shehu Shagari
1662:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
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1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:Major General
1593:
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1579:
1576:
1573:
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1566:
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1562:
1559:
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1511:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
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1491:
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1484:
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1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
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1449:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:Personal life
1374:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
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1314:
1310:
1306:
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1294:
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1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
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1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:African Union
1098:
1095:, hosted the
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:Katsina State
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
983:
975:
972:
969:
966:
962:
958:
954:
951:
947:
943:
940:
938:
934:
933:privatisation
931:
929:
925:
921:
918:
917:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
893:
889:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
844:
842:
837:
833:
832:Lawan Gwadabe
829:
825:
821:
817:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:Radio Nigeria
717:
713:
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
687:After the war
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
648:
633:
631:
627:
626:Aguiyi Ironsi
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:United States
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
457:Babangida Era
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:Nigerian Army
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
401:
397:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
351:Nigerian Army
348:
344:
340:
337:
326:
322:
317:
310:
307:
306:
304:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
259:
254:
250:
247:
244:
240:
236:
231:
227:
223:
218:(age 83)
208:
204:
199:
195:
192:
189:
183:
180:
177:
171:
165:
160:
157:
153:
149:
144:
141:
135:
131:
126:
123:
117:
108:
104:
99:
95:
94:
92:
89:
84:
78:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
46:
42:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3886:
3672:Faruk Yahaya
3606:Alwali Kazir
3575:
3528:Yakubu Gowon
3400:
3300:Elizabeth II
3228:
3201:
3163:
3159:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3131:
3122:
3113:
3108:
3098:23 September
3096:. Retrieved
3090:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3063:
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3033:
3023:23 September
3021:. Retrieved
3017:
3007:
2996:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2970:
2961:
2949:. Retrieved
2943:
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2915:
2905:
2895:– via
2891:23 September
2889:. Retrieved
2879:
2869:23 September
2867:. Retrieved
2857:
2849:
2844:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2801:the original
2793:
2783:
2773:23 September
2771:. Retrieved
2765:
2755:
2745:23 September
2743:. Retrieved
2739:The Guardian
2737:
2727:
2719:
2710:
2693:
2683:23 September
2681:. Retrieved
2668:
2658:23 September
2656:. Retrieved
2646:
2613:
2609:
2588:. Retrieved
2584:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2559:
2550:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2520:the original
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2463:
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2436:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:
2390:
2384:
2375:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2345:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2305:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2275:
2269:
2260:
2253:. Retrieved
2234:
2194:
2188:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2128:The Guardian
2126:
2117:
2108:
2079:
2066:
2049:
2045:
2020:. Retrieved
2018:. GuardianTV
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1990:
1981:
1863:Elizabeth II
1851:
1447:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1393:Obi Emelonye
1382:
1380:
1367:
1361:. President
1348:
1321:
1298:
1254:
1207:
1190:Adamu Ciroma
1171:
1132:
1109:Muslim world
1097:Abuja Treaty
1089:South Africa
1082:
1066:Mamman Vatsa
991:
979:
920:deregulation
898:
895:
891:
886:
850:
847:Promulgation
824:Sambo Dasuki
813:
800:Mamman Vatsa
796:Halilu Akilu
780:
741:
705:
690:
681:Biafran Army
653:1st Division
650:
630:Yakubu Gowon
587:
543:Mamman Vatsa
528:
496:
492:Sierra Leone
484:Abuja Treaty
472:Gideon Orkar
468:Mamman Vatsa
465:
456:
449:Armed Forces
426:
395:
394:
380:Battles/wars
186:Succeeded by
163:
138:Succeeded by
76:
25:
4084:1941 births
4008:Hailemariam
3674:(2021–2023)
3662:(2015–2021)
3656:(2014–2015)
3650:(2010–2014)
3644:(2008–2010)
3638:(2007–2008)
3632:(2006–2007)
3626:(2003–2006)
3620:(2001–2003)
3614:(1999–2001)
3612:Victor Malu
3608:(1994–1996)
3602:(1993–1994)
3590:(1990–1993)
3584:(1985–1990)
3582:Sani Abacha
3578:(1984–1985)
3572:(1981–1983)
3566:(1980–1981)
3564:Gibson Jalo
3560:(1979–1980)
3554:(1975–1979)
3548:(1971–1975)
3546:David Ejoor
3542:(1968–1971)
3536:(1967–1968)
3524:(1965–1966)
3433:(from 1999)
3373:(1979–1983)
3322:(1963–1966)
3293:(1960–1963)
3213:Sani Abacha
2417:19 February
1799:Decoration
1633:Decoration
1273:Sani Abacha
1271:by General
1226:Bashir Tofa
942:devaluation
865:Aliyu Gusau
841:Sani Abacha
792:Aliyu Gusau
788:Sani Abacha
673:Maryam King
470:(1985) and
235:Niger State
191:Sani Abacha
174:Preceded by
120:Preceded by
110:(1986–1993)
101:(1985–1986)
98:Ebitu Ukiwe
4078:Categories
4048:Tshisekedi
4013:Abdel Aziz
3927:Bouteflika
3772:Boumédiène
3636:Luka Yusuf
3600:Chris Alli
3207:1984–1985
3140:25 January
3133:The Nation
3070:25 January
3044:25 January
2977:24 January
2951:24 January
2917:Daily Post
2585:dawodu.com
2565:24 January
2560:dawodu.com
2465:Daily Post
2255:23 January
1974:References
1921:References
1814:Yugoslavia
1802:Presenter
1636:Presenter
1493:Lieutenant
1332:Ahmadu Ali
1330:chairman,
1291:(left) in
1242:South West
1141:(SDP) and
1074:Gado Nasko
909:World Bank
883:Presidency
875:(NIA) and
851:Babangida
804:Gado Nasko
559:Gado Nasko
555:Garba Duba
551:Sani Bello
525:Early life
324:Allegiance
308:Politician
302:Occupation
293:Alma mater
237:, Nigeria)
212:1941-08-17
4063:Ghazouani
4058:Assoumani
4043:Ramaphosa
3993:Mutharika
3942:Mwanawasa
3887:Babangida
3812:Ramgoolam
3792:Hassan II
3409:(interim)
3401:Babangida
3092:The Punch
2897:WordPress
2638:154925493
2224:ignored (
2213:cite book
2058:2039-2117
2052:(3): 81.
1457:Insignia
1428:oil price
1418:Magazine
1301:patronage
1167:Option A4
810:Execution
641:Civil war
480:Dele Giwa
360:1962–1993
164:In office
77:In office
3968:Obasanjo
3963:Chissano
3922:Compaoré
3882:Museveni
3847:Mengistu
3762:Selassie
3742:Selassie
3724:and the
3450:Jonathan
3445:Yar'Adua
3440:Obasanjo
3420:Abubakar
3406:Shonekan
3360:Obasanjo
3355:Mohammed
3018:Vanguard
2971:Vanguard
2945:Legit.ng
2850:This Day
2836:BBC News
2767:Vanguard
2720:Vanguard
2491:BBC News
2262:destiny.
2249:Archived
2135:13 March
1931:See also
1879:Zimbabwe
1796:Country
1776:Himself
1768:(GCFR);
1762:Nigeria
1740:Nigeria
1719:Nigeria
1698:Nigeria
1675:Nigeria
1630:Country
1370:election
1151:Bola Ige
965:Obasanjo
818:the 6th
777:Planning
596:and the
501:and the
284:Children
233:(now in
3988:Gaddafi
3983:Kikwete
3973:Nguesso
3937:Chiluba
3932:Eyadéma
3902:Ben Ali
3897:Mubarak
3877:Mubarak
3862:Nguesso
3852:Nyerere
3837:Stevens
3832:Senghor
3827:Tolbert
3822:Nimeiry
3752:Nkrumah
3680:(2023–)
3380:Shagari
3329:Azikiwe
3283:Nigeria
2923:19 June
2443:18 July
2078:(1997)
1655:(CFR);
1648:Nigeria
1612:General
1561:Colonel
1510:Captain
1439:Honours
1315:in the
1259:led by
1232:of the
1220:of the
1064:led by
944:of the
922:of the
879:(DIA).
871:(SSS),
669:Umuahia
661:Biafran
620:led by
594:gunnery
488:Liberia
447:of the
441:General
374:General
336:Nigeria
278:
266:
262:
33:General
4033:Kagame
4018:Mugabe
3998:Obiang
3978:Kufuor
3917:Mugabe
3872:Traoré
3867:Kaunda
3787:Daddah
3782:Kaunda
3777:Ahidjo
3767:Mobutu
3757:Ankrah
3747:Nasser
3668:(2021)
3596:(1993)
3530:(1966)
3460:Tinubu
3455:Buhari
3415:Abacha
3396:Buhari
2636:
2630:161739
2628:
2590:4 July
2526:4 July
2496:4 July
2471:4 July
2312:
2201:
2176:
2109:Forbes
2086:
2056:
2022:4 July
1999:4 July
1850:(GCB)
1805:Notes
1639:Notes
1420:Forbes
1399:Family
1295:(2010)
1250:Yoruba
1052:, and
1050:Taraba
1034:Jigawa
952:sector
950:export
834:, and
602:Kaduna
571:Kaduna
333:
272:
252:Spouse
4028:Condé
3958:Mbeki
3907:Meles
3892:Diouf
3857:Diouf
3817:Bongo
3802:Barre
3797:Gowon
3350:Gowon
3291:Queen
3160:Borba
2702:(PDF)
2678:(PDF)
2634:S2CID
2626:JSTOR
1926:Notes
1898:1990
1875:1989
1838:1989
1810:1988
1793:Year
1759:1985
1644:1983
1627:Year
1601:1987
1584:1983
1567:1979
1550:1973
1533:1970
1527:Major
1516:1970
1499:1968
1482:1966
1465:1963
1460:Rank
1454:Year
1355:Abuja
1293:Lagos
1078:Abuja
1038:Kebbi
1030:Delta
1026:Enugu
961:Gowon
857:Benin
665:Enugu
531:Minna
476:Lagos
268:(
264:
222:Minna
67:
4053:Sall
4038:Sisi
4023:DĂ©by
4003:Boni
3912:Biya
3807:Amin
3142:2020
3100:2024
3072:2020
3046:2020
3025:2024
2979:2020
2953:2020
2925:2023
2893:2024
2871:2024
2775:2024
2747:2024
2685:2024
2660:2024
2592:2020
2567:2020
2528:2020
2498:2020
2473:2024
2445:2020
2419:2023
2310:ISBN
2257:2024
2226:help
2199:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2137:2022
2084:ISBN
2054:ISSN
2024:2024
2001:2024
1433:NNPC
1248:, a
1228:and
1216:and
1194:AFRC
1172:The
1054:Yobe
1046:Kogi
1042:Osun
1022:Abia
1016:and
1006:Kano
963:and
561:and
490:and
400:GCFR
365:Rank
274:1969
206:Born
41:GCFR
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3281:of
2819:IOL
2618:doi
1353:in
1328:PDP
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