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The painting, now in the Real
Academia Española de la Lengua, Madrid, is one of the few signed and dated casta paintings, with a cartouche at the bottom reading: "These castes of New Spain were painted (upon the request of Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Rafael Aguilera y Orense) by his great friend and
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noted him for his portraits, including two of elite women, reproduced in his publication, and others of elite religious men. Toussaint believed he might be the official painter for the
Seminario de San Camila, His 1777 single-canvas
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art enthusiast Don
Ygnacio MarĂa Barreda y Ordones, Bachiller en Philosophy, in Mexico on 18 February 1777." en Fphia , en MĂ©xico a 18 de Febrero del Año de 1777.
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The casta terms used in his painting often differ from those used by other painters. Most painters use only one term for a casta category, but
Barreda uses
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is an exemplar of this eighteenth-century genre of secular art. It is similar in some ways to the 1750 single-canvas painting by
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set outside of the orderly set of "civilized" society. Ignacio Maria
Barreda, 1777. Real Academia Española de la Lengua, Madrid.
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and castas, 1750. Another single-canvas casta painting with similarities to
Barreda's. Museo de América, Madrid.
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as synonyms. In both these cases the first is common in New Spain and the other in Peru. He uses
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In this casta painting, there are 16 groupings of parents and offspring, the usual number in most sets, with
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as synonyms for the offspring of a
Spaniard and a Mestiza. Rarely are the offspring of a Spaniard and a
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in a separate cell at the bottom. The caption identifies the nearly naked adults and children as
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was an eighteenth-century painter from New Spain, self-identified as university graduate with a
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Casta painting showing 16 hierarchically arranged, mixed-race groupings, with
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as synonyms for the offspring of a
Spaniard and an indigenous woman and
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shown in casta paintings, but in this case
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Las castas mexicanas: Un género pictórico americano
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Las castas mexicanas: Un género pictórico americano
386:. Mexico City: Imprenta Universitaria 1965, p. 172.
152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
412:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004, 180, 182
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436:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004.
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73:This article includes a list of general
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276:in philosophy. Mexican art historian
399:. Milan: Olivetti, 1989, pp. 140-141.
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429:. Milan: Olivetti, 1989.
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