217:
which means 'assistant master, mistress'. This suggests that at that time they were eligible for both kinds of high level harem career. They also appeared in the list of
324:
resided in her own apartment, or sometimes isolated kiosks. In the nineteenth century, they had two rooms on the second floor of the palace, one facing the
132:, fourth favourite, fourth fortunate one'), and so on, according to the order in which they had caught the sultan's eye, and elevated to that position.
771:
An
Ottoman protocol register:containing ceremonies from 1736 to 1808, BEO Sadaret defterleri 350 in the Prime Ministry Ottoman State Archives, Istanbul
407:
s who had either not borne a child or who had borne a child who had then died, was married to a statesman. The others retired to the Old Palace.
1243:
416:
s were subjected to the same law of inheritance as the other women in the harem. However, they were usually buried in places of honour.
241:, emphasizes their identity as part of the household rather than family in the eighteenth century. In the nineteenth century the term
704:
The
Imperial Harem of the Sultans: Daily Life at the Çırağan Palace During the 19th Century : Memoirs of Leyla (Saz) Hanımefendi
507:
1253:
1219:
1193:
1174:
1151:
1128:
1075:
803:
778:
753:
711:
64:) is an Arabic word, which means good fortune, or lucky. Historians have translated it either 'fortunate one' or 'favorite'.
328:
and serving as a saloon, and the other facing the palace gardens and serving as a bedroom. The sultans came to visit an
1248:
654:
An
English and Arabic Dictionary in Two Parts Arabic and English and English and Arabic ... by Joseph Catafago
315:
s wore rich fabrics and in winter they wore stuffed dresses, which was indicative of their high status.
1166:
1143:
309:. They had personal servants. As clothing reflected a woman's positions in the harem hierarchy, the
23:
434:
1238:
1211:
184:
The rank first appeared toward the end of the seventeenth century, during the reign of Sultan
476:
461:
881:
The Pious
Foundation of Pertev Niyal - Remarks on the Steam Mills at Paşa Limanı (Üsküdar)
8:
443:
449:
1215:
1189:
1170:
1147:
1124:
1071:
799:
774:
749:
707:
1163:
Life after the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the
Imperial Ottoman Court
470:
455:
522:
488:
39:
494:
482:
465:
35:
1070:. Historical Research Foundation, Istanbul Research Center. 1988. p. 33.
1232:
1203:
527:
517:
1140:
The
Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem
438:
247:
appears to have been used exclusively for members of the household staff.
78:
was a titled consort, and recognised as such by the sultan. The number of
193:
185:
1068:
The
Ottoman Empire in the Reign of Süleyman the Magnificent, Volume 1
699:
325:
189:
746:
Padişahım çok yaşa!:Osmanlı devletinin son yüz yılında merasimler
1208:
The
Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
532:
219:
31:
512:
213:
923:
911:
369:
were 4 favourites who had each given birth to a male heir.)
971:
773:. Ottoman Bank Archive and Research Centre. p. 192.
383:
s had died or was divorced. If a vacancy arose among the
545:
620:
618:
616:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
995:
682:
680:
424:
Imperial consorts who were traditionally addressed as
188:(reigned 1695 — 1703). Two eighteenth century sultans
1021:
887:
720:
667:
665:
663:
30:) was the title given to the imperial consort of the
1121:
The
Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918
983:
830:
613:
588:
566:
564:
562:
560:
959:
947:
899:
677:
1096:
1084:
1033:
935:
660:
576:
557:
337:Although previously it was thought that after an
1230:
343:became pregnant she was promoted to the rank of
866:Son Dönem Osmanlı Padişahlarının Nikâh Meselesi
401:status. Upon the death of a sultan, any of his
334:namely if she was sick or if she had children.
276:s continued until the nineteenth century. The
796:Abdülmecid Efendi, Ottoman Prince and Painter
425:
411:
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
372:
364:
358:
352:
344:
338:
329:
319:
310:
304:
298:
292:
283:
277:
271:
257:
251:
242:
236:
230:
224:
206:
197:
166:
160:
154:
148:
142:
136:
127:
121:
115:
109:
103:
97:
91:
85:
79:
73:
53:
357:gave birth she was elevated to the title of
108:, second favourite, second fortunate one'),
96:, senior favourite, senior fortunate one'),
59:
256:s had personal servants, and were paid 250
153:('the virtuous'), and the suffix titles of
637:Gibb, Sir Hamilton; Bowen, Harold (1957).
485:(1882–1969), wife of sultan Abdul Hamid II
479:(1876–1928), wife of sultan Abdul Hamid II
473:(1873–1943), wife of sultan Abdul Hamid II
120:, third favourite, third fortunate one'),
1161:Argit, Betül Ipsirli (October 29, 2020).
793:
636:
863:
768:
743:
739:
737:
735:
651:
458:(1837–1905), wife of sultan Abdulmejid I
452:(1836–1912), wife of sultan Abdulmejid I
446:(1827–1854), wife of sultan Abdulmejid I
371:She could only take the position of the
205:However, in the eighteenth century, the
1137:
1001:
848:
821:
817:
815:
686:
551:
508:List of Ottoman titles and appellations
1231:
1202:
1183:
1027:
929:
917:
893:
726:
624:
607:
1160:
1118:
1102:
1090:
1051:
1039:
989:
977:
965:
953:
941:
905:
836:
732:
671:
582:
570:
497:(1902–1992), wife of sultan Mehmed VI
491:(1901–1992), wife of sultan Mehmed VI
265:
223:, which did not include the sultan's
179:
812:
141:s usually held the prefix titles of
27:
878:
698:
67:
60:
13:
1244:Concubines from the Ottoman Empire
1054:On the Shores of the Mediterranean
1015:The Contemporary Review, Volume 70
14:
1265:
706:. Peva Publications. p. 31.
351:(Eric Newby states that after an
1017:. A. Strahan. 1896. p. 791.
196:(reigned 1757 — 1773), also had
1186:Ottoman Women: Myth and Reality
1138:Brookes, Douglas Scott (2010).
1060:
1056:. London: Picador. p. 213.
1045:
1007:
872:
857:
842:
787:
762:
748:. Kitap Yayınevi. p. 223.
692:
250:In the eighteenth century, the
1123:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
794:Şerifoğlu, Ömer Faruk (2004).
645:
630:
84:s varied. They were ranked as
1:
1254:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
538:
282:s were chosen from among the
38:, who came below the rank of
853:. Cem Yayınevi. p. 165.
826:. Cem Yayınevi. p. 165.
639:Islamic Society and the West
464:(1867–1961), wife of sultan
437:(1827–1850), wife of sultan
419:
303:). Their stipend was 20,000
47:
7:
769:Karateke, Hakan T. (2007).
744:Karateke, Hakan T. (2004).
501:
192:(reigned 1730 — 1754), and
10:
1270:
1167:Cambridge University Press
1112:
824:Türkiyeʼde kadın, Volume 3
147:('honest, virtuous'), and
1144:University of Texas Press
652:Catafago, Joseph (1873).
349:, this was not the case.
270:This tradition of taking
174:
656:. Quaritch. p. 791.
1212:Oxford University Press
1188:. Light, Incorporated.
851:Osmanlı Saray Kadınları
1249:Ottoman imperial harem
849:Tuğlacı, Pars (1985).
822:Tuğlacı, Pars (1985).
426:
412:
403:
397:
391:
385:
379:
373:
365:
359:
353:
345:
339:
330:
320:
311:
305:
299:
297:had her "night turn" (
293:
284:
278:
272:
258:
252:
243:
237:
231:
225:
207:
198:
167:
161:
155:
149:
143:
137:
128:
122:
116:
110:
104:
98:
92:
86:
80:
74:
54:
16:Ottoman imperial title
1184:Sancar, Asli (2007).
1119:Davis, Fanny (1986).
932:, p. 317 n. 108.
920:, p. 319 n. 143.
1052:Newby, Eric (1984).
262:every three months.
980:, p. 26 n. 57.
798:. YKY. p. 60.
477:Fatma Pesend Hanım
266:Nineteenth century
180:Eighteenth century
1221:978-0-195-08677-5
1204:Peirce, Leslie P.
1195:978-1-597-84115-3
1176:978-1-108-48836-5
1153:978-0-292-78335-5
1130:978-0-313-24811-5
1077:978-9-751-70064-3
868:. pp. 701–8.
864:Akyıldız (2018).
805:978-9-750-80883-8
780:978-9-944-73102-7
755:978-9-758-70461-3
713:978-975-7239-00-0
554:, p. 6, 231.
211:s held the title
1261:
1225:
1199:
1180:
1157:
1134:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
884:
876:
870:
869:
861:
855:
854:
846:
840:
834:
828:
827:
819:
810:
809:
791:
785:
784:
766:
760:
759:
741:
730:
724:
718:
717:
696:
690:
684:
675:
669:
658:
657:
649:
643:
642:
634:
628:
622:
611:
605:
586:
580:
574:
568:
555:
549:
444:Navekmisal Hanım
435:Nükhetsezâ Hanım
429:
415:
406:
400:
395:was moved up to
394:
388:
382:
377:s if one of the
376:
368:
362:
356:
348:
342:
333:
326:Bosphorus Strait
323:
314:
308:
302:
296:
287:
281:
275:
261:
255:
246:
240:
234:
228:
210:
201:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
140:
131:
125:
119:
113:
107:
101:
95:
89:
83:
77:
68:Ranks and titles
63:
62:
57:
29:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1196:
1177:
1154:
1131:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
888:
877:
873:
862:
858:
847:
843:
835:
831:
820:
813:
806:
792:
788:
781:
767:
763:
756:
742:
733:
725:
721:
714:
697:
693:
685:
678:
670:
661:
650:
646:
635:
631:
623:
614:
606:
589:
581:
577:
569:
558:
550:
546:
541:
504:
422:
363:, and that the
268:
182:
177:
70:
50:
24:Ottoman Turkish
17:
12:
11:
5:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:Ottoman titles
1227:
1226:
1220:
1200:
1194:
1181:
1175:
1158:
1152:
1135:
1129:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1076:
1059:
1044:
1032:
1030:, p. 120.
1020:
1006:
1004:, p. 231.
994:
992:, p. 191.
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
896:, p. 317.
886:
879:Hochhut, Pia.
871:
856:
841:
839:, p. 101.
829:
811:
804:
786:
779:
761:
754:
731:
729:, p. 102.
719:
712:
691:
676:
659:
644:
629:
627:, p. 142.
612:
610:, p. 115.
587:
575:
556:
543:
542:
540:
537:
536:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
503:
500:
499:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
471:Peyveste Hanım
468:
466:Abdul Hamid II
459:
456:Serfiraz Hanım
453:
447:
441:
421:
418:
389:s, the senior
267:
264:
232:ketkhüda kadın
181:
178:
176:
173:
123:dördüncü ikbal
69:
66:
52:The word
49:
46:
36:Ottoman Empire
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1266:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
968:, p. 50.
967:
962:
956:, p. 49.
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
908:, p. 52.
907:
902:
895:
890:
882:
875:
867:
860:
852:
845:
838:
833:
825:
818:
816:
807:
801:
797:
790:
782:
776:
772:
765:
757:
751:
747:
740:
738:
736:
728:
723:
715:
709:
705:
701:
695:
688:
683:
681:
674:, p. 43.
673:
668:
666:
664:
655:
648:
641:. p. 73.
640:
633:
626:
621:
619:
617:
609:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
585:, p. 41.
584:
579:
572:
567:
565:
563:
561:
553:
548:
544:
534:
531:
529:
528:Valide Sultan
526:
524:
523:Kadın (title)
521:
519:
518:Haseki Sultan
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
496:
493:
490:
489:Nevvare Hanım
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
467:
463:
462:Müşfika Kadın
460:
457:
454:
451:
450:Şayeste Hanım
448:
445:
442:
440:
436:
433:
432:
431:
428:
417:
414:
408:
405:
399:
393:
387:
381:
375:
370:
367:
361:
355:
347:
341:
335:
332:
327:
322:
316:
313:
307:
301:
295:
290:
286:
280:
274:
263:
260:
254:
248:
245:
239:
233:
227:
222:
221:
216:
215:
209:
203:
200:
195:
191:
187:
172:
169:
163:
157:
151:
145:
139:
133:
130:
124:
118:
112:
106:
100:
94:
88:
82:
76:
65:
56:
45:
43:
42:
37:
33:
25:
21:
1207:
1185:
1162:
1139:
1120:
1105:, p. 9.
1098:
1093:, p. 4.
1086:
1067:
1062:
1053:
1047:
1042:, p. 6.
1035:
1023:
1014:
1009:
1002:Brookes 2010
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
944:, p. 8.
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
880:
874:
865:
859:
850:
844:
832:
823:
795:
789:
770:
764:
745:
722:
703:
694:
689:, p. 6.
687:Brookes 2010
653:
647:
638:
632:
578:
573:, p. 2.
552:Brookes 2010
547:
495:Nevzad Hanım
483:Behice Hanım
439:Abdulmejid I
423:
409:
366:kadinefendis
350:
336:
317:
300:nöbet gecesi
288:
269:
249:
218:
212:
204:
183:
134:
111:üçüncü ikbal
99:ikinci ikbal
71:
51:
40:
19:
18:
1028:Sancar 2007
930:Peirce 1993
918:Peirce 1993
894:Peirce 1993
727:Sancar 2007
625:Peirce 1993
608:Sancar 2007
194:Mustafa III
1233:Categories
1103:Davis 1986
1091:Davis 1986
1040:Davis 1986
990:Argit 2020
978:Davis 1986
966:Argit 2020
954:Argit 2020
942:Davis 1986
906:Argit 2020
837:Argit 2020
700:Saz, Leylâ
672:Argit 2020
583:Argit 2020
571:Davis 1986
539:References
238:daye hatun
186:Mustafa II
430:include:
420:Honorific
229:, or the
126:('fourth
102:('second
90:('senior
87:baş ikbal
48:Etymology
1206:(1993).
702:(1994).
502:See also
190:Mahmud I
114:('third
1113:Sources
291:. Each
285:gedikli
220:cariyes
150:ismetlü
144:iffetlü
58: (
34:of the
1218:
1192:
1173:
1150:
1127:
1074:
802:
777:
752:
710:
533:Cariye
360:haseki
226:kadıns
175:Status
165:, and
32:sultan
513:Hatun
427:ikbal
413:ikbal
404:ikbal
398:kadın
392:ikbal
386:kadın
380:kadın
374:kadın
354:ikbal
346:kadın
340:ikbal
331:ikbal
321:ikbal
318:Each
312:ikbal
306:kuruş
294:ikbal
279:ikbal
273:ikbal
259:kuruş
253:ikbal
244:kalfa
235:, or
214:kalfa
208:ikbal
199:ikbal
168:kadın
162:hatun
156:hanım
138:ikbal
129:ikbal
117:ikbal
105:ikbal
93:ikbal
81:ikbal
75:ikbal
61:اقبال
55:ikbal
41:kadın
28:اقبال
20:Ikbal
1216:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1072:ISBN
800:ISBN
775:ISBN
750:ISBN
708:ISBN
410:The
202:s.
135:The
72:An
1235::
1214:.
1210:.
1169:.
1165:.
1146:.
1142:.
814:^
734:^
679:^
662:^
615:^
590:^
559:^
171:.
159:,
44:.
26::
1224:.
1198:.
1179:.
1156:.
1133:.
1080:.
883:.
808:.
783:.
758:.
716:.
289:s
22:(
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