59:
2293:, p13-14 (no.146): âLâĂ©mir Muhammad mourut Ă Damas en 334 (946) et son corps fut transportĂ© et inhumĂ© Ă JĂ©rusalem. LâĂ©mir UnĆ«djĆ«r mourut en 349 (960) et son corps fut portĂ© Ă JĂ©rusalem et inhumĂ© Ă cĂŽtĂ© de celui de son pĂšre. LâĂ©mir âAli mourut en 355 (966) et son corps fut transportĂ© Ă JĂ©rusalem et inhumĂ© Ă cĂŽtĂ© de ceux de son pĂšre et de son frĂšre. Enfin l'ustÄdh KÄfĆ«r mourut en 357 (968) et son corps fut transportĂ© et inhumĂ© Ă JĂ©rusalem, sans doute auprĂšs de ceux de ses maĂźtres. Ainsi les Ikhshidides avaient leur caveau funĂ©raire Ă JĂ©rusalem. Bien plus, un auteur contemporain prĂ©cise que «l'Ă©mir Ali fut transportĂ© dans un cercueil Ă JĂ©rusalem et enterrĂ©, avec son frĂšre et son pĂšre, ce tout prĂšs du BÄb al-asbÄt ou porte des Tribus (1). Ce nom dĂ©signait et dĂ©signe encore la porte du Haram dĂ©signe encore la porte du Haram qui s'ouvre dans l'angle nord-est de l'esplanade (2), et prĂ©cisĂ©ment derriĂšre le n° 146, Ă l'intĂ©rieur du mur dâenceinte.â
81:
527:, the main opponent, forcing his retreat and facilitating ibn Tughj's subsequent entry to Fustat in August. The Fatimids were a major threat at the time and considerable effort was put into repelling them, culminating in their defeat by Ubayd Allah, ibn Tughj's brother, by November 936. There was remarkable stability in the early years, with an absence of economic chaos and Bedouin raids, coupled with prohibition of looting, which helped pacify Egypt. Ibn Tughj sought the honorific title (laqab) of Al-Ikhshīd, which means "King of the Farghanians", from the Abbasids and official designation arrived in July 939.
1165:
594:
546:
4790:
361:
4800:
322:
4810:
4820:
519:. He was first appointed to the post of Governor of Egypt in 933 but did not enter it during the first stint. In 935 he was appointed a second time to the governorship whilst the country was in a state of war with multiple factions. He launched a campaign to conquer Egypt by land and sea, the naval forces taking
631:'s death, which further increased uncertainty due to his status as a eunuch. Nonetheless, he received the title 'UstÄdh,' meaning "master", from Baghdad, which gave him some legitimacy. Ibn Killis, Kafur's vizier, was arrested following Kafur's death in 968 and following his release traveled to Fatimid
560:
took over Syria in 939, which threatened Egypt. Enraged, ibn Tughj threatened to recognise the
Fatimids, the Abbasids' enemy as the Abbasid caliph did not formally declare for ibn Tughj, the de jure governor. Nonetheless, his simple goals resulted in mainly defensive actions and eventually came to
1141:
Only gold coins are common, with coppers being extremely rare. Dinars were mainly struck at Misr (Fustat) and
Filastin (al-Ramla), and dirhams were usually struck at Filastin, and less often at Tabariya, Dimashq, and Hims. Other mints for dirhams are quite rare. Dinars from Misr are often well
561:
terms with ibn Ra'iq where ibn Tughj would continue to have Egypt and the same for ibn Ra'iq in Syria, partitioned along Ramla-Tiberias. In 944, the governorships of Egypt, Syria and Hijaz were awarded for 30 years to ibn Tughj's family, and these posts would pass to his son,
569:, another adversary who took over Damascus, which resulted in a truce until his death in 946. Abu'l-Qasim inherited the conflict with Sayf al-Dawla and fought him at Damascus, and al-Dawla soon occupied Aleppo in 947. There was a simultaneous revolt by
626:
incursions occurred in 950 and a more serious invasion took place in 965, when Aswan was pillaged. This coincided with the famine of 963â968 while
Berbers, Bedouins and Qarmatians all took advantage of the weakened state. In 966 Kafur took over after
58:
573:, governor of Middle Egypt, who managed to occupy Fustat before his death in the same year. Nonetheless, Kafur's continuation of the appeasement policy managed to negotiate a settlement between the Ikhshidids and the
2129:
611:
Commander of the
Faithful, may God glorify him. Of what the vizier ordered the private tiraz, year 312/924â925 CE. Kiswa (i.e., garment)." The inscription also contains the names of the caliph
635:
and provided vital information to them. In 934 a
Fatimid invasion led by the eunuch Raydan managed to capture Alexandria but was repulsed. Only a later attempt by the Fatimid general
4639:
3672:
3003:
2122:
80:
3667:
3662:
336:
581:. This peace practically settled the Ikhshidid borders and left the Fatimids again as the main threat, with the Byzantines now the responsibility of the Hamdanids.
2115:
4879:
4874:
4194:
2996:
3441:
2972:
1164:
4063:
2814:
Bacharach, Jere L. (November 1981). "African
Military Slaves in the Medieval Middle East: The Cases of Iraq (869â955) and Egypt (868â1171)".
1129:
in 870 AD, where the
Africans were used as infantrymen, and continued by the Ikhshidids due to financial reasons, as they were cheaper than
2989:
2216:
The two gubernatorial dynasties in Egypt which have already been mentioned, the
Tulunids and the Ikhshidids, were both of Mamluk origin.
4864:
3689:
3657:
565:. In 942 he began striking coins in his own name, and the changes of power in Baghdad meant less central authority. In 945 he defeated
4869:
4518:
4046:
3528:
4530:
3921:
570:
1142:
struck, while the
Filastin dinars are more crude. Dirhams are usually crudely struck and often are illegible on half of the coin.
3965:
3699:
3242:
4767:
2904:
2553:
2209:
2179:
4591:
4245:
4189:
4145:
3958:
3632:
3622:
3582:
3012:
945:
667:
562:
204:
4439:
3130:
4250:
3990:
3876:
2941:
2890:
4703:
4634:
4513:
4135:
4012:
3679:
3560:
3487:
3475:
3436:
928:
643:
4859:
4238:
3767:
2655:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century
Governor of Egypt".
2612:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt".
2569:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt".
2499:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt".
2456:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt".
2413:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt".
2370:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt".
2327:
Bacharach, Jere L. (October 1975). "The Career of Muáž„ammad Ibn áčŹughj Al-IkhshÄ«d, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt".
965:
674:
628:
216:
466:, a nobiliary title whose prestige in Central Asia remained high as late as the 10th century. It was adopted by the
4371:
4034:
3757:
4730:
4698:
4451:
4177:
3587:
3307:
1806:
577:
where Damascus became Egyptian again and the tribute to the Hamdanids stopped, with borders largely in line with
2148:
4849:
4299:
4093:
4056:
2143:
1078:
688:
646:, brother of Muhammad ibn Tughj, held out in Syria until March 970, when he was defeated and taken prisoner by
240:
2290:
481:. After this title, the short-lived dynasty founded by Muhammad al-Ikhshid is known as the Ikhshidid dynasty.
4586:
4381:
3787:
3312:
3295:
1875:
1868:
835:
660:
508:
433:
192:
4498:
4562:
4366:
4334:
4150:
3782:
3652:
3575:
2291:
MIFAO 44 - Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T.2 Jérusalem Haram (1927)
4813:
4725:
4567:
4309:
4199:
4022:
3817:
3684:
3627:
3523:
3398:
585:
wielded real authority following ibn Tughj's death in 946 and was highly regarded among contemporaries.
4854:
4844:
4720:
4525:
4422:
4405:
4388:
4329:
4155:
4110:
4041:
3980:
3953:
3597:
3456:
3235:
17:
2969:
615:
and his vizier Fadl ibn Ja'far as well as the date A.H. 328 (939â40 CE) and the place of manufacture,
4686:
4629:
4596:
4361:
4271:
4233:
4228:
4216:
4115:
3807:
3777:
3762:
3514:
2877:
639:
495:
The creation of the Ikhshidid state was part of the wider disintegration and decentralisation of the
426:
275:
4762:
4742:
4550:
4376:
4172:
4160:
3997:
3975:
3642:
3592:
3533:
3492:
3368:
3363:
3329:
3290:
2070:
1716:
1695:
4671:
4294:
4029:
3881:
3854:
3839:
3834:
3570:
3470:
1724:
515:, a powerful military leader. Before he was appointed to Fustat he held the post of governor of
4823:
4752:
4681:
4503:
4471:
4165:
4103:
4098:
3812:
3277:
3088:
2195:
2021:
1886:
1687:
154:
2928:
4757:
4649:
4619:
4508:
4488:
4434:
4346:
3985:
3943:
3938:
3916:
3724:
3714:
3499:
3378:
3346:
3228:
3184:
2543:
2169:
1600:
557:
512:
2199:
4624:
4574:
4444:
3548:
3538:
3196:
2779:
Lev, Yaacov (August 1987). "Army, Regime, and Society in Fatimid Egypt, 358-487/968-1094".
2171:
Islamic History Through Coins: An Analysis and Catalogue of Tenth-century Ikhshidid Coinage
1374:
647:
524:
396:
8:
4735:
4715:
4535:
4483:
4478:
4417:
4319:
4002:
3933:
3928:
3647:
3351:
2716:
1854:
1464:
582:
391:
228:
65:
2234:, Vol. 2 ed. J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, (Cambridge University Press, 2002), 622.
4545:
4456:
4356:
4223:
4051:
4017:
3970:
3948:
3844:
3746:
3617:
3504:
3451:
3028:
2881:
2831:
2796:
2680:
2672:
2637:
2629:
2594:
2586:
2524:
2516:
2481:
2473:
2438:
2430:
2395:
2387:
2352:
2344:
1971:
1842:
1125:
after them, the Ikhshidids made use of Black slave troops. The practice began with the
500:
490:
474:
31:
2981:
2919:
2868:
4799:
4693:
4493:
4400:
4351:
4304:
4289:
4204:
4120:
4007:
3905:
3886:
3719:
3393:
3319:
3302:
3285:
3064:
3040:
3034:
2951:
2900:
2835:
2800:
2684:
2641:
2598:
2549:
2528:
2485:
2442:
2399:
2356:
2205:
2175:
1830:
1596:
1527:
1087:
1001:
993:
985:
974:
954:
935:
844:
681:
636:
354:
327:
99:
86:
4555:
4654:
4611:
4581:
4429:
4211:
4140:
4082:
3797:
3792:
3772:
3694:
3509:
3410:
3341:
3324:
3265:
3100:
3082:
3052:
2823:
2788:
2664:
2621:
2578:
2508:
2465:
2422:
2379:
2336:
1948:
1818:
1641:
1544:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1410:
1365:
1356:
1339:
593:
4466:
4644:
4461:
4412:
4314:
4130:
3866:
3849:
3480:
3405:
3154:
3124:
3094:
2976:
2286:
2035:
2007:
1705:
1518:
1509:
1491:
1428:
1401:
1392:
607:
in 939-940 CE. The Arabic inscription in Kufic script reads: In the name of God
504:
382:
158:
134:
130:
126:
545:
4793:
4747:
4601:
4540:
4324:
4125:
3637:
3565:
3424:
3358:
3190:
3178:
3166:
3118:
2936:
2932:
2914:
2885:
2873:
2028:
1627:
1617:
1500:
1482:
1473:
1419:
1383:
1177:
1153:
1130:
722:
467:
2827:
2792:
4838:
4676:
4664:
4659:
4339:
3429:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3112:
2955:
2924:
2095:
2084:
1934:
1677:
1276:
566:
520:
4803:
4393:
3802:
3461:
2058:
1770:
1737:
1666:
1231:
511:, possessed some form of military power and was on friendly relations with
3822:
3553:
3543:
3336:
1709:
1195:
608:
436:, a Turkic mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph
3871:
3829:
3208:
3202:
2676:
2633:
2590:
2520:
2477:
2434:
2391:
2348:
2046:
1995:
1922:
1782:
540:
1794:
4710:
4182:
3076:
3058:
2766:
Gender and history in the Fatimid State: The case of Eunuchs 909-1171
1910:
1758:
1582:
1558:
1330:
1240:
574:
444:
2668:
2625:
2582:
2512:
2469:
2426:
2383:
2340:
3383:
3142:
3106:
3046:
1983:
1652:
1554:
1267:
1204:
1126:
1122:
632:
616:
604:
516:
496:
478:
418:
341:
69:
2228:
The Fatimid Revolution (861-973) and its aftermath in North Africa
1572:
3016:
1959:
1746:
1321:
1285:
1249:
1222:
1213:
1186:
650:, signalling the end of the Ikhshidid dynasty as a ruling power.
623:
612:
536:
462:
437:
422:
460:
The name "Ikhshidid" comes from the Central Asian dynastic name
414:
3415:
3373:
3220:
1312:
1303:
1294:
507:, whereupon government became more decentralised. The founder,
429:
410:
402:
119:
109:
549:
The Mashhad (Mausoleum) of Al-Tabataba (erected in 943 CE) in
3446:
3251:
3172:
1898:
1586:
1568:
1258:
599:
588:
550:
471:
406:
293:
147:
2545:
Architecture for the Dead : Cairo's Medieval Necropolis
3859:
173:
417:" reflecting their position as governors on behalf of the
3011:
2308:
2296:
553:
is the only remaining monument of the Ikhshidid period.
413:
from 935 to 969. The dynasty carried the Arabic title "
2201:
The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098-1291
2918:
2867:
2852:, Second Edition, January 1998, Santa Rosa, Calif.
2548:. American Univ in Cairo Press. pp. 96, 297.
1168:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
4836:
2174:. American Univ in Cairo Press. pp. 76â77.
85:The Ikhshidid state (bright pink) as one of the
3236:
2997:
2149:10th century in Lebanon § The Ikhshidids
2123:
4880:States and territories disestablished in 969
2816:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2781:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1133:military slaves which were used as cavalry.
2541:
3243:
3229:
3004:
2990:
2942:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2891:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2753:. Cambridge University Press. p. 117.
2738:. Cambridge University Press. p. 116.
2705:. Cambridge University Press. p. 115.
2130:
2116:
689:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Ikhshid
589:Troubles, decline and conquest by Fatimids
241:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Ikhshid
79:
4875:States and territories established in 935
2865:
2813:
2763:
2654:
2611:
2568:
2498:
2455:
2412:
2369:
2326:
2314:
2261:Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index
2258:
2167:
421:. The Ikhshidids came to an end when the
2913:
2751:The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1
2736:The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1
2703:The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1
2542:Kadi, Galila El; Bonnamy, Alain (2007).
2302:
2277:, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 62.
2243:
592:
544:
2696:
2694:
14:
4837:
2280:
4269:
4080:
3903:
3744:
3263:
3224:
2985:
2950:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 1060.
2748:
2733:
2700:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1008:
983:
981:
963:
961:
943:
941:
927:
925:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
879:
877:
875:
869:
867:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
820:
818:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
754:
752:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
455:
4819:
2899:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 411.
2691:
2194:
691:(ŰŁŰšÙ Ű§ÙÙÙۧ۱۳ ŰŁŰÙ
ŰŻ ŰšÙ ŰčÙÙ ŰšÙ Ű§Ùۄ۟ێÙŰŻ)
4809:
2778:
653:
603:band, conferred in the name of the
386:
30:For the Central Asian dynasty, see
24:
1163:
477:, whose grandfather had come from
25:
4891:
4865:Hejaz under the Abbasid Caliphate
4190:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
2963:
668:Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid
443:The Ikhshidid family tomb was in
205:Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid
4870:History of the Abbasid Caliphate
4818:
4808:
4798:
4789:
4788:
4047:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
3250:
530:
359:
334:
320:
72:) mint. Dated AH 332 (943-4 CE).
57:
4531:Identification card controversy
2842:
2807:
2772:
2757:
2742:
2727:
2709:
2648:
2605:
2562:
2535:
2492:
2449:
2406:
2363:
2320:
2232:The Cambridge History of Africa
27:Turkic mamluk dynasty (935â969)
3437:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
2764:El-Azhari, Taef Kamal (2013).
2749:Petry, Carl F. (10 Jul 2008).
2734:Petry, Carl F. (10 Jul 2008).
2721:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
2701:Petry, Carl F. (10 Jul 2008).
2267:
2252:
2237:
2221:
2204:. Pearson Longman. p. 6.
2188:
2161:
2144:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
695:
675:Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid
670:(ŰŁŰšÙ Ű§ÙÙۧ۳Ù
ŰŁÙÙŰŹÙ۱ ŰšÙ Ű§Ùۄ۟ێÙŰŻ)
217:Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid
13:
1:
3745:
2154:
1154:History of the Turkic peoples
661:Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid
509:Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid
434:Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid
193:Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid
4064:Twin towns and sister cities
3904:
3576:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
2850:A Checklist of Islamic Coins
2246:The Mediterranean in History
7:
4592:Vehicle registration plates
4270:
4246:Water supply and sanitation
4081:
3264:
2866:Bacharach, Jere L. (1993).
2259:Bacharach, Jere L. (2006).
2168:Bacharach, Jere L. (2006).
1960:CumanâKipchak Confederation
1807:KimekâKipchak Confederation
1145:
1116:
484:
397:
10:
4896:
4251:Water resources management
2859:
1567:Chief gods and goddesses:
1136:
677:(ŰŁŰšÙ Ű§ÙŰŰłÙ ŰčÙÙ ŰšÙ Ű§Ùۄ۟ێÙŰŻ)
534:
488:
450:
401:) was a dynasty of Turkic
29:
4784:
4610:
4282:
4278:
4265:
4146:Impact on the environment
4136:Entrepreneurship policies
4089:
4076:
3912:
3899:
3753:
3740:
3708:
3610:
3276:
3272:
3259:
3024:
2828:10.1017/S0020743800055860
2793:10.1017/S0020743800056762
2275:The New Islamic Dynasties
1988:11th centuryâ13th century
1038:
1036:
919:
917:
915:
893:
889:
887:
885:
873:
871:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
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778:
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772:
770:
764:
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760:
299:
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285:
272:
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186:
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172:
164:
143:
115:
105:
94:
78:
54:
49:
39:
4860:Middle Eastern dynasties
3917:Administrative divisions
3593:2011 Egyptian revolution
3534:1952 Egyptian revolution
3330:Lighthouse of Alexandria
2244:Abulafia, David (2011).
2071:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
1717:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1696:Western Turkic Khaganate
1642:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
640:managed to conquer Egypt
4121:Egyptian stock exchange
3079:(970â11th/12th century)
2869:"Muáž„ammad b. áčŹugÌČhÌČdÌČj"
1725:Second Turkic Khaganate
470:commander and ruler of
4452:International rankings
3457:EgyptianâEthiopian War
1887:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1688:First Turkic Khaganate
1169:
620:
579:status quo ante bellum
554:
4850:10th century in Egypt
4057:Terrorism and tourism
3515:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
3347:Library of Alexandria
1996:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
1628:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
1167:
663:(Ù
ŰÙ
ŰŻ ŰšÙ Ű·ŰșŰŹ ۧÙۄ۟ێÙŰŻ)
596:
548:
535:Further information:
523:and able to outflank
236:âą 968–969
224:âą 966–968
212:âą 961–966
200:âą 946–961
188:âą 935–946
116:Common languages
4768:World Heritage Sites
4587:Units of measurement
4042:Proposed new capital
3788:Environmental issues
3549:United Arab Republic
3442:Muhammad Ali dynasty
3209:Hashemites of Jordan
525:Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh
4440:Freedom of religion
4335:Mass sexual assault
3700:Timekeeping devices
3598:2013 Rabaa massacre
3571:EgyptianâLibyan War
3163:(16thâ19th century)
3157:(15thâ19th century)
3109:(11thâ12th century)
3061:(10thâ11th century)
2196:Holt, Peter Malcolm
1876:Eastern Kara-Khanid
1869:Western Kara-Khanid
1855:Kara-Khanid Khanate
264:âą Established
66:Muhammad al-Ikhshid
4630:Art (contemporary)
4310:Capital punishment
4200:Telecommunications
3877:Towns and villages
3845:Qattara Depression
3658:Muslim Brotherhood
3628:Cigarette industry
3488:British occupation
3399:Crusader invasions
3369:Rashidun Caliphate
3203:Hashemites of Iraq
2975:2010-06-21 at the
2717:"Textile Fragment"
1972:Khwarazmian Empire
1843:Karluk Yabgu State
1581:Epics and heroes:
1170:
703:Ikhshidid Dynasty
621:
609:al-Muqtadir billah
558:Muhammad ibn Ra'iq
555:
513:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
491:Anarchy at Samarra
475:Muhammad ibn Tughj
456:Origin of the name
405:origin, who ruled
32:Ikhshids of Sogdia
4855:African dynasties
4845:Ikhshidid dynasty
4832:
4831:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4704:Football stadiums
4635:Botanical gardens
4514:Catholic dioceses
4406:Gender inequality
4330:Human trafficking
4261:
4260:
4195:Tallest buildings
4156:Military industry
4072:
4071:
4013:Political parties
3966:Islamic extremism
3954:Foreign relations
3895:
3894:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3476:French occupation
3394:Fatimid Caliphate
3389:Ikhshidid dynasty
3218:
3217:
3013:Islamic dynasties
2906:978-90-04-09419-2
2555:978-977-416-074-5
2230:, Michael Brett,
2211:978-0-582-36931-3
2181:978-977-424-930-3
2140:
2139:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2047:Qarlughid Kingdom
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1911:Pecheneg Khanates
1904:
1892:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1831:Oghuz Yabgu State
1824:
1812:
1800:
1795:TĂŒrgesh Khaganate
1788:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1729:
1721:
1700:
1692:
1658:
1633:
1608:
1607:
1535:
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1347:
1346:
1158:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
684:(ŰŁŰšÙ Ű§ÙÙ
ŰłÙ ÙۧÙÙ۱)
648:Ja'far ibn Fallah
637:Jawhar al-Siqilli
395:
379:Ikhshidid dynasty
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
355:Fatimid Caliphate
347:
346:
328:Abbasid Caliphate
152:
139:
124:
100:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
4887:
4822:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4802:
4792:
4791:
4597:Waste management
4362:Academic grading
4280:
4279:
4267:
4266:
4239:Railway stations
4217:Cultural tourism
4116:Economic regions
4078:
4077:
3901:
3900:
3742:
3741:
3411:Mamluk Sultanate
3342:Diocese of Egypt
3325:Battle of Actium
3274:
3273:
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3245:
3238:
3231:
3222:
3221:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2983:
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2959:
2922:
2910:
2882:Heinrichs, W. P.
2871:
2853:
2848:Album, Stephen.
2846:
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2192:
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2165:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2099:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1949:Sultanate of Rum
1938:
1926:
1923:Ghaznavid Empire
1914:
1902:
1890:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1819:Uyghur Khaganate
1810:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1747:Khazar Khaganate
1727:
1719:
1698:
1690:
1656:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1618:Pre-14th century
1595:Major concepts:
1550:
1549:
1545:Turkic Mythology
1362:
1361:
1357:Turkic Languages
1340:Crimean Karaites
1277:Cherniye Klobuki
1183:
1182:
1157:preâ14th century
1156:
1150:
1149:
709:
708:
700:
699:
682:Abu'l-Misk Kafur
654:Ikhshidid rulers
400:
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388:
363:
362:
351:
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338:
337:
324:
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317:
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276:Fatimid conquest
229:Abu'l-Misk Kafur
150:
137:
122:
89:successor states
83:
61:
37:
36:
21:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4835:
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4833:
4828:
4772:
4763:Public holidays
4753:National anthem
4606:
4519:Coptic Churches
4462:Egyptian Arabic
4372:Medical schools
4274:
4257:
4173:Nuclear program
4085:
4068:
3998:Nationality law
3991:Supreme Council
3976:Law enforcement
3908:
3891:
3867:Sinai Peninsula
3850:Red Sea Riviera
3749:
3728:
3704:
3606:
3493:1919 revolution
3481:Revolt of Cairo
3406:Ayyubid dynasty
3384:Tulunid dynasty
3268:
3255:
3249:
3219:
3214:
3020:
3010:
2977:Wayback Machine
2966:
2915:Bosworth, C. E.
2907:
2874:Bosworth, C. E.
2862:
2857:
2856:
2847:
2843:
2812:
2808:
2777:
2773:
2762:
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2732:
2728:
2715:
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2710:
2699:
2692:
2669:10.2307/2855469
2653:
2649:
2626:10.2307/2855469
2610:
2606:
2583:10.2307/2855469
2567:
2563:
2556:
2540:
2536:
2513:10.2307/2855469
2497:
2493:
2470:10.2307/2855469
2454:
2450:
2427:10.2307/2855469
2411:
2407:
2384:10.2307/2855469
2368:
2364:
2341:10.2307/2855469
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2305:, p. 1060.
2301:
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2287:Max Van Berchem
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2036:Tughlaq dynasty
2008:Delhi Sultanate
1706:Tokhara Yabghus
1667:Tiele (Gaoche)
1632:202 BCEâ13th CE
1620:
1610:
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1553:Belief system:
1547:
1537:
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1492:Karachay-Balkar
1359:
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360:
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321:
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189:
174:Wali (governor)
159:Maronite Church
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155:Coptic Orthodox
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90:
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4295:Animal welfare
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4178:Power stations
4175:
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4148:
4143:
4138:
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4128:
4126:Egyptian pound
4123:
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4113:
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4096:
4090:
4087:
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4073:
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4030:Prime Minister
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3995:
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3835:Northern coast
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3566:Yom Kippur War
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3211:(1921âpresent)
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2964:External links
2962:
2961:
2960:
2911:
2905:
2878:van Donzel, E.
2861:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2841:
2822:(4): 477â480.
2806:
2787:(3): 337â365.
2771:
2756:
2741:
2726:
2708:
2690:
2647:
2604:
2577:(4): 599â600.
2561:
2554:
2534:
2491:
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2405:
2362:
2319:
2317:, p. 411.
2315:Bacharach 1993
2307:
2295:
2279:
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2263:. p. 382.
2251:
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2029:Khalji dynasty
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2022:Mamluk dynasty
2015:
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1984:Kerait Khanate
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916:
914:
912:
909:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
819:
816:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
705:
704:
697:
694:
693:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
655:
652:
613:al-Radi billah
590:
587:
532:
529:
486:
483:
457:
454:
452:
449:
398:al-Ikhshīdīyƫn
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
357:
348:
345:
344:
339:
331:
330:
325:
313:
312:
307:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
283:
282:
279:
273:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
244:
243:
238:
235:
232:
231:
226:
223:
220:
219:
214:
211:
208:
207:
202:
199:
196:
195:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
176:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
145:
141:
140:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
98:Vassal of the
96:
92:
91:
84:
76:
75:
63:
56:
55:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4892:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4825:
4817:
4815:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:Art (ancient)
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4504:Blasphemy law
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4472:Sign Language
4470:
4468:
4467:SaÊœidi Arabic
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4104:National Bank
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3430:Ottoman Egypt
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2929:MĂ©nage, V. L.
2926:
2921:
2920:"IkÌČhÌČsÌČhÌČÄ«d"
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2768:. p. 14.
2767:
2760:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2303:Bosworth 1971
2299:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2270:
2262:
2255:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2098:
2097:
2096:Ottoman State
2093:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:Bahri dynasty
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1935:Seljuk Empire
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:Sabiri People
1735:
1734:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1107:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1079:Abu'l-Fawaris
1057:
1055:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1003:
995:
988:
987:
977:
976:
968:
967:
957:
956:
948:
947:
937:
930:
924:
921:
913:
911:
910:
891:
883:
881:
866:
864:
847:
846:
838:
837:
817:
814:
798:
796:
795:
776:
768:
766:
758:
756:
751:
749:
724:
710:
707:
706:
702:
701:
690:
686:
683:
679:
676:
672:
669:
665:
662:
658:
657:
651:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
630:
625:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
595:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:Sayf al-Dawla
564:
559:
552:
547:
542:
538:
531:Consolidation
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
492:
482:
480:
476:
473:
469:
465:
464:
448:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
393:
384:
380:
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:
343:
340:
333:
332:
329:
326:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
271:
267:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
233:
230:
227:
221:
218:
215:
209:
206:
203:
197:
194:
191:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
151:(predominant)
149:
146:
142:
136:
132:
128:
123:(predominant)
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
88:
82:
77:
71:
67:
60:
53:
48:
38:
33:
19:
4650:Coat of arms
4620:Architecture
4509:Christianity
4489:Prostitution
4435:Human rights
4394:Abaza family
4382:Universities
4347:Demographics
4300:Billionaires
3944:Constitution
3939:Conscription
3922:Governorates
3803:Halfaya Pass
3673:1954âpresent
3633:Constitution
3588:2010s Crisis
3500:World War II
3462:Urabi revolt
3388:
3379:Islamization
3313:31st Dynasty
3308:27th Dynasty
3169:(1560sâ1690)
3070:
2947:
2940:
2896:
2889:
2849:
2844:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2765:
2759:
2750:
2744:
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2231:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2200:
2190:
2170:
2163:
2094:
2083:
2069:
2059:Golden Horde
2057:
2045:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1947:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1874:
1867:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1771:Kangar Union
1769:
1757:
1745:
1736:
1703:
1676:
1665:
1651:
1640:
1626:
1140:
1120:
1085:
1077:
999:
984:
972:
964:
952:
944:
842:
834:
622:
598:
578:
556:
494:
461:
459:
442:
378:
376:
310:Succeeded by
309:
304:
68:. Filastin (
4814:WikiProject
4575:Scientology
4445:LGBT rights
4367:Law schools
4151:Lighthouses
4094:Agriculture
3823:Mount Sinai
3783:Earthquakes
3583:Mubarak era
3554:Six-Day War
3544:Suez Crisis
3539:Land reform
3286:Prehistoric
3205:(1921â1958)
3199:(1805â1952)
3193:(1726â1834)
3187:(1704â1831)
3181:(1697â1842)
3175:(1649â1850)
3151:(1382â1517)
3145:(1376â1843)
3139:(1250â1382)
3133:(1234â1262)
3127:(1171â1341)
3121:(1127â1250)
3115:(1104â1154)
3103:(1024â1080)
2946:Volume III:
2937:Schacht, J.
2933:Pellat, Ch.
2895:Volume VII:
2886:Pellat, Ch.
1710:Turk Shahis
1657:71 BCâ?? AD
1375:Azerbaijani
1196:Oghuz Turks
966:Abu'l-Hasan
946:Abu'l-Qasim
821:Ubayd Allah
696:Family tree
644:Ubayd Allah
629:Abu'l-Hasan
563:Abu'l-Qasim
305:Preceded by
64:Coinage of
4839:Categories
4726:Newspapers
4716:Mass media
4568:Synagogues
4536:Irreligion
4484:Literature
4479:Liberalism
4418:Healthcare
4320:Corruption
4003:Parliament
3934:Corruption
3929:Civil Code
3872:Suez Canal
3830:Nile Delta
3715:Alexandria
3685:Population
3680:Parliament
3648:Healthcare
3529:Nasser era
3303:Achaemenid
3278:Chronology
3097:(990â1096)
3091:(990â1085)
3085:(990â1081)
3067:(909â1171)
3055:(890â1004)
3043:(750â1258)
2970:Your Egypt
2663:(4): 608.
2620:(4): 597.
2507:(4): 595.
2464:(4): 594.
2421:(4): 593.
2378:(4): 591.
2335:(4): 590.
2155:References
1783:Turk Shahi
1465:Karakalpak
1088:Ikhshidids
1002:Ikhshidids
997:R.946-966
994:Ikhshidids
992:Regent of
986:Abu'l-Misk
975:Ikhshidids
955:Ikhshidids
936:Ikhshidids
934:Regent of
845:Ikhshidids
836:Al-Ikhshid
597:Ikhshidid
541:Al-Muttaqi
499:after the
489:See also:
387:ۧÙۄ۟ێÙŰŻÙÙÙ
165:Government
44:ۧÙۄ۟ێÙŰŻÙÙÙ
41:Ikhshidids
18:Ikhshidids
4721:Magazines
4711:Egyptians
4546:Ahmadiyya
4457:Languages
4423:Hospitals
4357:Education
4224:Transport
4183:Aswan Dam
4111:Companies
4052:Terrorism
4018:President
3981:Massacres
3971:Judiciary
3949:Elections
3818:Mountains
3747:Geography
3725:Port Said
3668:1939â1954
3663:1928â1938
3618:Anarchism
3561:Sadat era
3505:Sultanate
3452:Khedivate
3352:Christian
3320:Ptolemaic
3131:Lu'lu'ids
3101:Mirdasids
3089:Marwanids
3083:Numayrids
3077:Jarrahids
3073:(935â969)
3071:Ikhsidids
3059:Hadhabani
3053:Hamdanids
3049:(868â905)
3037:(661â750)
3031:(632â661)
3029:Rashiduns
2956:495469525
2925:Lewis, B.
2836:161458709
2801:162310414
2685:161166177
2642:161166177
2599:161166177
2529:161166177
2486:161166177
2443:161166177
2400:161166177
2357:161166177
2100:1299â1922
2075:1250â1517
2063:1242â1502
2051:1224â1266
2012:1206â1526
2000:1136â1225
1976:1077â1231
1964:1067â1239
1939:1037â1194
1759:Xueyantuo
1601:Grey wolf
1583:Ergenekon
1559:Shamanism
1331:Krymchaks
1241:Kutrigurs
1121:Like the
1092:R.968-969
1006:R.966-968
979:R.960-966
959:R.946-960
939:R.968-969
849:R.935-946
575:Hamdanids
445:Jerusalem
432:in 969.
427:conquered
144:Religion
4794:Category
4758:Olympics
4694:Football
4526:Hinduism
4494:Religion
4401:Feminism
4389:Families
4352:Diaspora
4315:Censuses
4305:Cannabis
4290:Abortion
4234:Airports
4229:Airlines
4205:Internet
4008:Passport
3986:Military
3959:Missions
3906:Politics
3887:Wildlife
3611:By topic
3524:Republic
3359:Sassanid
3197:Alawiyya
3143:Bahdinan
3125:Ayyubids
3107:Artuqids
3095:Uqaylids
3065:Fatimids
3047:Tulunids
3041:Abbasids
3035:Umayyads
2973:Archived
2939:(eds.).
2917:(1971).
2888:(eds.).
2657:Speculum
2614:Speculum
2571:Speculum
2501:Speculum
2458:Speculum
2415:Speculum
2372:Speculum
2329:Speculum
2198:(2004).
1927:963â1186
1915:860â1091
1903:856â1335
1891:848â1036
1859:840â1212
1835:750â1055
1811:743â1035
1751:618â1048
1678:GöktĂŒrks
1653:Dingling
1555:Tengrism
1528:Krymchak
1268:Kipchaks
1205:Saragurs
1146:See also
1127:Tulunids
1123:Fatimids
1117:Military
1086:WÄli of
1083:956-987
1000:WÄli of
990:905-968
973:WÄli of
953:WÄli of
932:924-982
929:Al-Hasan
843:WÄli of
840:882-946
687:968â969
680:966â968
673:961â966
666:946â961
659:935â946
642:in 969.
633:Ifriqiya
619:, Egypt.
617:Damiette
605:Abbasids
517:Damascus
497:Abbasids
485:Founding
479:Ferghana
419:Abbasids
409:and the
342:Tulunids
290:Currency
70:al-Ramla
4824:Commons
4743:Museums
4687:regions
4655:Cuisine
4640:Castles
4612:Culture
4582:Smoking
4563:Judaism
4551:Mosques
4430:Housing
4377:Schools
4283:General
4272:Society
4212:Tourism
4141:Fishing
4099:Banking
4083:Economy
3808:Islands
3798:Geology
3793:Fossils
3778:Deserts
3773:Climate
3763:Borders
3709:By city
3695:Saladin
3643:Genetic
3623:Capital
3510:Kingdom
3425:Ottoman
3291:Ancient
3266:History
3191:Jalilis
3185:Mamluks
3179:Shihabs
3155:Harfush
3119:Zengids
3017:Mashriq
2897:MifâNaz
2860:Sources
2677:2855469
2634:2855469
2591:2855469
2521:2855469
2478:2855469
2435:2855469
2392:2855469
2349:2855469
1847:756â940
1823:744â840
1799:699â766
1787:665-850
1775:659â750
1763:628â646
1728:682â744
1720:581â650
1699:581â657
1691:552â581
1456:Qasgqai
1447:Chuvash
1438:Bashkir
1411:Turkmen
1366:Turkish
1322:Dolgans
1286:Uyghurs
1250:Karluks
1223:Bulgars
1214:Utigurs
1187:Onogurs
1137:Coinage
537:Al-Radi
505:Samarra
501:Anarchy
463:Ikhshid
451:History
438:al-Radi
423:Fatimid
274:âą
251:History
168:Emirate
106:Capital
87:Abbasid
50:935â969
4804:Portal
4645:Cinema
4499:BahĂĄÊŒĂ
4413:Health
4161:Mining
4131:Energy
3855:Rivers
3768:Cities
3690:Postal
3471:Modern
3416:Mamluk
3374:Fustat
3364:Muslim
3296:topics
3254:topics
3167:Ridwan
3113:Burids
3019:region
2954:
2948:HâIram
2935:&
2903:
2884:&
2834:
2799:
2683:
2675:
2640:
2632:
2597:
2589:
2552:
2527:
2519:
2484:
2476:
2441:
2433:
2398:
2390:
2355:
2347:
2208:
2178:
1519:Karaim
1510:Gagauz
1429:Kyrgyz
1402:Uyghur
1393:Kazakh
1313:Yakuts
1304:Kumyks
1295:Tatars
1131:Turkic
970:?-966
950:?-960
624:Nubian
571:Ghabun
521:Tinnis
468:Turkic
430:Fustat
411:Levant
403:mamluk
392:ALA-LC
383:Arabic
254:
178:
138:(army)
135:Turkic
127:Coptic
120:Arabic
110:Fustat
95:Status
4748:Music
4731:Radio
4672:Films
4602:Women
4556:NiqÄb
4541:Islam
4325:Crime
4166:Mines
3882:Wadis
3840:Oases
3813:Lakes
3758:Biota
3720:Cairo
3638:Copts
3447:Nahda
3337:Roman
3252:Egypt
3173:Baban
3161:Soran
3149:Burji
3137:Bahri
2923:. In
2872:. In
2832:S2CID
2797:S2CID
2681:S2CID
2673:JSTOR
2638:S2CID
2630:JSTOR
2595:S2CID
2587:JSTOR
2525:S2CID
2517:JSTOR
2482:S2CID
2474:JSTOR
2439:S2CID
2431:JSTOR
2396:S2CID
2388:JSTOR
2353:S2CID
2345:JSTOR
1899:Qocho
1597:Sheka
1587:Asena
1573:Ălgen
1569:Kayra
1501:Tuvan
1483:Kumyk
1474:Sakha
1420:Tatar
1384:Uzbek
1259:Kimek
1232:Sabir
726:?-903
723:Tughj
600:tiraz
583:Kafur
551:Cairo
472:Egypt
425:army
407:Egypt
294:Dinar
148:Islam
4682:list
4677:Flag
4665:Wine
4660:Beer
4340:Rape
4035:list
4023:list
3860:Nile
3653:Jews
2952:OCLC
2901:ISBN
2550:ISBN
2206:ISBN
2176:ISBN
1599:and
1585:and
1571:and
1557:and
539:and
415:WÄli
377:The
3015:in
2824:doi
2789:doi
2665:doi
2622:doi
2579:doi
2509:doi
2466:doi
2423:doi
2380:doi
2337:doi
503:at
281:969
268:935
4841::
4736:TV
2944:.
2931:;
2927:;
2893:.
2880:;
2876:;
2830:.
2820:13
2818:.
2795:.
2785:19
2783:.
2719:.
2693:^
2679:.
2671:.
2661:50
2659:.
2636:.
2628:.
2618:50
2616:.
2593:.
2585:.
2575:50
2573:.
2523:.
2515:.
2505:50
2503:.
2480:.
2472:.
2462:50
2460:.
2437:.
2429:.
2419:50
2417:.
2394:.
2386:.
2376:50
2374:.
2351:.
2343:.
2333:50
2331:.
2289:,
2214:.
1712:)
1708:,
447:.
440:.
389:,
385::
3244:e
3237:t
3230:v
3005:e
2998:t
2991:v
2958:.
2909:.
2838:.
2826::
2803:.
2791::
2723:.
2687:.
2667::
2644:.
2624::
2601:.
2581::
2558:.
2531:.
2511::
2488:.
2468::
2445:.
2425::
2402:.
2382::
2359:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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