Illyro-Roman Wars - Knowledge

665:. During their occupation of Phoenice, a number of Illyrian ships had engaged in privateering against Italian merchants. So many were robbed, murdered or captured that the Roman Senate, after ignoring earlier complaints, realized that something had to be done. Polybius (2.8) furnishes a suspiciously vivid account of a Roman embassy to Teuta, a version of events that was intended to justify the Roman invasion of Illyria. It was led by the brothers L. and C. Coruncanius. On arrival, they found Teuta celebrating the end of a rebellion in Illyria and engaged in laying siege to the Greek island of Issa, 'the last town which held out'. When the ambassadors complained of injuries to Romans, Teuta promised that no royal forces would harm them, but said that she was unable to put an end to the tradition of private enterprise. One of the ambassadors lost his temper; in response, the queen arranged for the insolent envoy to be murdered on his homeward voyage. News of this caused the Romans to prepare for war: legions were raised and a fleet assembled, and there was general indignation at 'the queen's violation of the law of nations'. 384:, they hastened to occupy some rising ground in front of their camp, which nature had made easily defensible. A single charge, however, by the Illyrians, whose numbers and close order gave them irresistible weight, served to dislodge the light-armed troops, and forced the cavalry who were on the ground with them to retire to the hoplites. The Medionians joined the action by sallying out of the town and charging the Aetolians, thus, after killing a great number, and taking a still greater number prisoners, and becoming masters also of their arms and baggage, the Illyrians, having carried out the orders of Agron, conveyed their baggage and the rest of their booty to their boats and immediately set sail for their own country. This defeat of the Aetolians, who were famed for their victory over the invading Gauls a generation before, caused a sensation in Greece. 1118:. To avoid a long siege, Aemilius decided to risk another frontal attack. The Roman army moved from the mainland to a wooded area of the island. Meanwhile, the next day, a small force of ships was sent out to tempt Demetrius from behind his fortifications. Demetrius marched down to the harbor to oppose the Roman landing. The strategy worked, and when the main Roman army appeared from another direction on the island, the Illyrian army was forced to give battle, as they were cut off from their city. Attacked on two sides, and cut off from the protection of the city walls, the battle was lost. In 218 BC, the Illyrian forces soon surrendered, while Demetrius deserted the island and fled to Macedonia, making his way to the court of 1258: 643: 948:, in or around 222 BC, which consolidated his position. His marriage to Triteuta meant that Demetrius formally took over the regency of the Ardiaean Kingdom. Demetrius' own influence was thereby greatly extended, and the fundamental weakness of the Ardiaean Kingdom after 229 BC, that there was no competent regent for Pinnes, was relieved. The king began to renew traditional Illyrian ties with Macedonia. In 222 BC, an Illyrian corps of 1,600 men fought with distinction under the command of Demetrius at 933: 734:, from whom a formal surrender was accepted. At sea, the blockade of Issa was raised and the city also received Roman protection. As the Romans approached the Illyrian heartlands, opposition stiffened. The fleet moved northwards and attacked coastal towns, one of which being the unidentified Noutria. Roman losses included a magistrate of the Republic and some military tribunes, although 20 ships laden with plunder were intercepted. The besiegers of Issa fled to 3930: 1135:, now confirmed as king, was left intact. Rome supported a small Ardiaeian State ruled by Pinnes and his successors. The Roman Republic called for the extradition of Demetrius, but Phillip refused. Pinnes was ordered to pay the arrears of tribute, reparations imposed after the war. The weak Ardiaeian state soon fell prey to Macedonia, while the partial destruction brought onto the scene the urban koina of the Parthini, Byllines, Amantini and others. 1233:. The Roman invasion of Macedonia in 168 BC forced the king to promise a subsidy to Gentius, whose ships might be employed to attack the Romans. A sum of 300 talents was mentioned and Perseus sent his companion Pantauchus to make the arrangements. In the city of Meteon, hostages were agreed and Gentius accepted the oath of the king. He sent Olympio with a delegation to Perseus to collect the money, and the treaty was concluded with some ceremony at 1066:, learned of the invasion by Scerdilaidas and the Aetolians. Taking his cue from the Aetolians, Taurion agreed to drag Demetrius' ships across the Isthmus to bring them into play in the Gulf of Corinth, in return for Demetrius' assistance against the Aetolians. Although Demetrius conducted a few raids on the Aetolian coast, he was too late to hinder the Aetolians' return from Achaea. 1355:, a well-fortified city in a strong natural position. When Anicius approached with his army in battle formation, Gentius fled into the city in panic. Gentius asked for, and was given, a three-day truce hoping that Caravantius would come at any moment with a large relieving army, but it did not happen. After his defeat, Gentius sent two prominent tribal leaders, 746:. The Romans decided enough had been achieved and hostilities ceased. The consuls handed over the kingdom to Demetrius and withdrew the fleet and army to Italy under Fulvius. Having assembled 40 ships and some troops from allies in the area, the other consul remained in Illyria to keep watch on the Ardiaei and the peoples under Roman protection. 1224:

Macedonians Adaeus and Beroea. They found Gentius at Lissus and informed him of Perseus' successes against the Romans and Dardanians and his recent victory against the Penestae. Gentius replied that he lacked not the will to fight the Romans, but only the money. No promises were made on this point either by this embassy or another sent from

1343:, a praetor. Anicius had crossed over from Italy to Apollonia with two legions totalling 600 cavalry and 10,400 infantry and of Italian allies, 800 cavalry and 10,000 infantry. His fleet, the size of which is not known, was strengthened by a draft of 5,000 sailors. To this imposing force, he added 200 cavalry and 2,000 infantry of the 1196:, Issa accused Gentius of plotting war with the king and so the Illyrian envoys were denied a hearing before the Senate. Instead, the Romans seized 54 Illyrian lembi at anchor in the harbor of Epidamnus. On the eve of war, a Roman senator was sent to Illyria to remind Gentius of his formal friendship with the Roman Republic. 1113:

was crucial to Demetrius' power in the region, the consul prepared to besiege the city, but was able to take it by direct assault within seven days. As a result, all the Illyrian towns and cities of the area submitted to Roman protection, each receiving the appropriate terms and conditions. Next, the

763:

with more than two ships, and even those had to be unarmed. The terms of the settlement were conveyed to the Leagues in Greece, where they were well received. The Illyrians had been forced to give up all their recent conquests south of the Drin. The Romans had gained control of the strategic ports of

1359:

and Bellus, as envoys to negotiate with the Roman commander. On the third day of the truce, Gentius surrendered to the Romans, who gave him a dinner with full honours and then put him under arrest. The Illyrians in Shkodra surrendered and the Roman envoys were liberated. The Roman army marched north

1130:

The Romans destroyed the fortifications of Pharos and before the summer was over Aemilius was back in Rome receiving congratulations for a job well done. Any threat to Roman holdings in Illyria had been eliminated, all the gains of the First Illyrian War had been secured, and the old restrictions on

1090:, an Illyrian city-fortress from Apollonia. He eliminated his opponents in other places, those Illyrians who opposed his rule, and stationed 6,000 of his best forces on his home island of Pharos. As before, both consuls of the year accompanied the Roman expedition, but the leading role was played by 720:

sailed his 200 ships to Corcyra to raise the siege, despite having learned that the island had already surrendered. He was in secret negotiations with Demetrius, who had fallen out of favour with Teuta, so Corcyra welcomed the Romans and, with the aid of Demetrius, surrendered its garrison. The city

1265:

Gentius accompanied the new anti-Roman orientation in Illyrian foreign policy with a series of measures to strengthen the Ardiaean State. First, he concentrated the finances by establishing a single tax over all the subjects and by taking royal control of the monetary workshops, or mints, of Lissus

1438:

spared only those kingdoms that had backed Rome openly in the war. For those who had been enemies, their cities, buildings and public institutions were burned and thoroughly looted. Those spared retained their previous manner of administration, with officials elected every year, and paid Rome only

725:

brought an army of 20,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry across from Brundisium to Apollonia, which now joined the Roman alliance. The fleet under Fulvius reached Apollonia and the two forces advanced toward Epidamnos, causing the Illyrians to abandon the siege and disperse. The city was received into

1350:

As a folio of Livy's text is missing, little is known of this campaign. It seems that Anicius's fleets engaged Gentius' lembi and captured a number of them. Next, the Illyrian forces were defeated on land, allowing the Romans to advance to the heart of the state, where they won over the cities by

679:

The Roman invasion of Illyria in 229 BC appears to have caught Teuta completely off guard. As soon as the weather permitted, Teuta had ordered south a naval expedition even larger than those of previous years, with most of the ships heading to attack Corcyra. Some landed at Epidamnos, entered the

1223:

Perseus of Macedon, having recaptured several Roman outposts in Roman occupied Illyria, controlled the route leading west to the Ardiaean State. At this point, Perseus sent his first embassy to Gentius, consisting of the Illyrian exile Pleuratus, for his command of the Illyrian language, and the

420:

was won. A truce was agreed and Phoenice was returned for a price, along with the release of prisoners. The continued Illyrian success was another shock for the Greeks. The Epirotes signified their acceptance of the Illyrian victory by sending envoys to Teuta promising cooperation with them and

1069:

After returning to the Ardiaean Kingdom, Demetrius continued operations during the following winter, attacking and seizing Roman allied cities and communities in southern Illyria. The Romans, who had hitherto ignored the activities of their former ally, decided that the harbors on the Ardiaean

1248:

and the Illyrians were permitted to mark it with their own stamp. An advance of this money was forwarded to Gentius; and when this was passed over by Pantauchus, the king was urged to commence hostilities against the Romans. When Gentius imprisoned two Roman envoys sent by Appius Claudius at

1418:

Rome's triumph included the capture of many royal flags, other booty, the furniture of the king himself and the treasure mentioned above. Millions of sestercii were gained from the sale of the booty, in addition to the gold and silver that went to the state treasury.

371:

The Illyrian attack under Agron was mounted in either 232 or 231 BC. One hundred lembi, with 5000 men on board, sailed up to land at Medion. They then formed up in the order that was usual in their own country, and advanced in their several companies against the

1422:

By decision of the Senate, Gentius and his family were sent to Spoletum, to be kept under observation. The other captives were imprisoned in Rome. But the inhabitants of Spoletum refused to keep the royal family under watch, so they were transferred to

1266:

and Scodra, the two cities where he resided. At this time, Gentius was issuing bronze coins. In the Selcë hoard, there are two coins of Gentius with Macedonian emblems. The other coins of Gentius have what is probably his head with a cap not unlike the

1311:, the southernmost city of the State, Gentius advanced into Roman territory in January/February of 168 BC and laid siege to the Illyrian city of Bassania, a Roman ally that refused to yield, although it was only 5 miles from Lissus. His half-brother 754:

Before the end of winter, Teuta's envoys appeared in Rome and a treaty was concluded. According to its terms, the queen would pay tribute (or perhaps an indemnity) to Rome, abandon Illyria, except for a few places, and promise not to sail south of

1933:

For the Rhodians, who made their living as maritime traders, piracy was a serious problem; with Macedon and Egypt having abandoned their control in the Aegean, it fell to Rhodes to police these waters. See: Walbank (1970), p. 109 and Strabo,

1582:, 1995, Page 164, "... Hannibal was anxious to make his descent on Italy before the Romans had got through with the Gallic and Illyrian wars. He had made many preparations to this end, not only in men and material, but in reconnoitring..." 1389:

This part of the campaign had only lasted 30 days. There were certainly further operations in the northern part of the Ardiaean State, for Anicius placed garrisons in some towns, citadels and fortresses. These include the cities of

1180:

were at one time subjects, but the former defected soon after the accession of Gentius. Illyrian strength lay in its navy and it was their interference with Adriatic shipping that once more aroused Roman interest in the area.

1282:, the typical Illyrian warship. Thus, according to an inventory made by the Romans, the state treasury had 27 pounds of gold, 19 of silver, 120,000 Illyrian drachmas and 13,000 Roman denarii on the eve of the war with Rome. 1439:

half the taxes that they had previously paid to Gentius. The federation-based kingdoms were dissolved and each unit was recognized as a separate kingdom, enjoying local autonomy and often the right to mint its own coins.

425:. It was Illyrian interference with that commerce that brought Roman forces across the Adriatic for the first time. Nevertheless, the Illyrians had to withdraw from Phoenice in order to deal with an internal rebellion. 66:. Attacks on trading vessels of Rome's Italic allies by Illyrian pirates and the death of a Roman envoy named Coruncanius on Teuta's orders, prompted the Roman senate to dispatch a Roman army under the command of the 297:

was repulsed. The new force disposed of 'the most powerful which could carry 50 soldiers in addition to the rowersforce, both by land and sea, of any of the kings who had reigned in Illyria before him', according to

680:

city, with weapons concealed, to procure food and water, almost capturing it; but were thrown out after a fight. These ships now joined the main Illyrian force in the siege of Corcyra. The Corcyraeans, along with

1228:

shortly afterwards. Perseus continued his efforts to involve Gentius in the war—preferably, it was said, at no cost to his treasury. The Illyrian exile Pleuratus raised 1,000 infantry and 200 cavalry from the

1493:, Page 160, "The Roman invasion of Illyria in 229 bc appears to have caught Teuta and the Illyrians completely off guard. As soon as the weather permitted, the queen had ordered south a naval expedition..." 768:) valley and the Atintani further south. Moreover, not only were the Ardiaei prevented from moving at will by land and sea into Epirus and western Greece, but they were now cut off from the inland route to 327:

That time a number of political events marked the adjacent Greek states. In 234 BC, the royal succession in Epirus came to an end, and a federal republic was instituted. In the south, the western part of

1192:. No outcome of the affair is reported and it may well be that the Senate accepted a claim by Gentius' envoys that the charges were false. Ten years later, when Rome was gripped with war fever against 1556:, page 161, "... Gulf of Kotor. The Romans decided that enough had been achieved and hostilities ceased. The consuls handed over Illyria to Demetrius and withdrew the fleet and army to Epidamnus, ..." 721:

became a 'friend of Rome' and would henceforward rely on Roman protection from the Illyrians. Demetrius now served as an adviser to the Roman commanders for the rest of the war. Meanwhile, the consul

1442:

While the southern Illyrian lands had been subjected once and for all, the Roman legions continued for about another hundred years with attempts to conquer the northern and eastern territories.

1114:

Romans moved against Demetrius on the island of Pharos, who awaited the attack with good troops, ample provisions and war materials behind strong fortifications, that of the modern port city of

1184:

In 180 BC, a Roman praetor responsible for coastal protection arrived in Brundisium with some of Gentius's ships that were said to have been caught in the act of piracy. An embassy to

1660:

Battles of the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Chronological Compendium of 667 Battles to 31Bc, from the Historians of the Ancient World (Greenhill Historic Series) by John Drogo Montagu,

314:

were probably a familiar threat to the north-western Greeks. What was new was the use of a land army to follow up and profit from the victories gained by the navy. The Greek cities (

1319:, failing to capture one of their cities while ravaging the fields of the city of Caravandis. A fleet of eight lembi set off a little later to attack the coastal colonial cities of 979:

at the head of the Adriatic, which tribe was interfering with Roman supply ships. A Roman fleet soon attacked the Histri. Early in the summer of 221 BC, when tension was rising in

764:

Epidamnos, Apollonia and Corcyra. In the hinterland, several of the Illyrian tribes now had the status of Rome clients, as was certainly the case with the Parthini in the Gensus (

684:

and Epidamnos, sought assistance from the Leagues of Greece. Ten Achaean ships were engaged by the Illyrian fleet, reinforced by seven warships of the Acarnanians, off the island

1241:. A formal parade of the Macedonian cavalry was held, which may have impressed the Illyrians; the cavalry may have represented the Macedonians in the ratification of the treaty. 324:, threatened by Agron, by sending envoys. They never got there. They were attacked en route by Illyrian vessels, and one of them was killed, together with an Issaean ambassador. 4279: 952:, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans. After Sellasia, Demetrius began attempting to extend his control over Illyria at the expense of Rome. 920: 144:, quelling any resistance that they found on the way. Demetrius foolishly sent a fleet across the Adriatic, and, with the Illyrian forces divided, the fortified city of 1651:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.19, "Demetrius arrived unexpectedly at the court of King Philip of Macedon, where he remained for the rest of his life"

891: 726:

Roman protection and the army now moved inland among the Illyrian peoples of the hinterland. Here, the Romans received delegations from many peoples, including the

1530:, The Illyrian vessels attacked the ambassadors on their voyage and slew Cleemporus, the envoy of Issa, and the Roman Coruncanius; the remainder escaped by flight. 561: 132:

was beginning. These distractions gave Demetrius the time he needed to build a new Illyrian war fleet. Leading this fleet of 90 ships, Demetrius sailed south of

657:(264–241 BC), the Romans had been aware of the danger to the Adriatic coast of Italy from seaborne attack. In 246 BC, a colony of Roman citizens was settled at 3108: 2108: 1591:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.16, "Demetrius of Pharos had broken his treaty with the Republic by sailing beyond Lissus with fifty boats..."

1427:. The booty seized in Illyria included 220 vessels. By decree of the Senate, C. Cassius Longinus gave these vessels taken from Gentius to the inhabitants of 1131:

movement imposed on Illyrian kings. Demetrius may have returned to the Ardiaeian State and have been attacked by another Roman force, although the regime of

700:. The main Illyrian force sailed north for another attack on Epidamnos. The Illyrians were now on the point of controlling all of the coastline north of the 915: 1289:

to join in the war against Rome. Gentius also built up a fleet of 270 lembi, a fact showing that the enemy he was prepared to face would come across the

630: 245: 2857: 1384:

In a few days, both on land and sea did he defeat the brave Illyrian tribe, who had relied on their knowledge of their own territory and fortifications

1014:, while Scerdilaidas' forces returned north to Illyria. On putting in at Naupactus with forty ships, Scerdilaidas was encouraged by his brother-in-law 1010:

initially failed, but Demetrius eventually captured 50 ships. Afterwards, the Illyrians separated their forces; Demetrius and his forces plundered the

1608:., Page 163, "Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was prepared for the Roman invasion. He placed a garrison in Dimale (Dimallum), a fortress inland ..." 2817: 320:) on the coast of Illyria were systematically attacked and perhaps already conquered by Agron's forces. Rome answered an appeal from the island of 2049:Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: mélanges offerts au professeur Pierre Cabanes by Danièle Berranger, Pierre Cabanes, Danièle Berranger-Auserve, page 134 1642:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.18, "having accepted submission the consul then sailed to Pharos to attack Demetrius himself..."

1220:, would have made him too powerful. Gentius then married Plator's fiancée for himself, securing the alliance of the powerful Dardanian State. 4390: 4385: 3078: 884: 3966: 554: 293:. During this time, Agron invaded part of Corcyra, Epidamnos and Pharos in succession, establishing garrisons in them. An invasion towards 3066: 1574:

Hannibal: A History of the Art of War Among the Carthaginians and Romans Down to the Battle of Pydna, 168 B.C. by Theodore Ayrault Dodge,

2133:

Eckstein, Arthur. "Polybius, Demetrius of Pharus and the Origins of the Second Illyrian War." Classical Philology 89, no. 1 (1994): 46–59

940:

The decade after 229 BC witnessed a revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius, who succeeded Teuta. Following the war, Demetrius married

4400: 3001: 421:

hostility towards the Leagues of Greece. Phoenice was the most prosperous city in Epirus, and the centre for the growing commerce with

975:, and engaged in piracy in contravention of the settlement in 228 BC. In 221 BC, Demetrius also created an alliance with the Illyrian 3191: 1164:. Gentius moved to increase Illyrian power over kindred peoples living to the north and west. Among the islands, the Greek city of 877: 722: 70: 4222: 4114: 3975: 1091: 547: 238: 1339:, Epidamnus, and Appolonia, as he marched north, and encamped by the river Genesus. There, he met with the new Roman commander, 967:

from 225 to 222 BC, Demetrius detached the Illyrian Atintani from their Roman alliance. In addition, he sailed south of Lissus,

289:

In the second half of the third century BC, the Ardiaei kingdom was transformed into a formidable power under the leadership of

4269: 3983: 1293:. An army of 15,000 men completed the military machine of the Ardiaean State. Gentius was now prepared to go to war with Rome. 696:, while the rest of the Greeks managed to escape. Corcyra was surrendered and was occupied by a garrison under the command of 1156:. During his reign, relations with the Ardiaean State and Rome started to deteriorate. The coast and hinterland south of the 598: 625: 4308: 3901: 3412: 2197: 2176: 3759: 231: 4380: 4375: 3896: 3869: 2145: 1703: 1665: 1622: 1605: 1579: 1553: 1507: 1490: 1431:, Appolonia and Epidamnus. The year of Gentius' death is not known, but there are ruins of what is perhaps his tomb. 521: 149: 4355: 4343: 3959: 4395: 3180: 380:

and cavalry in front of their own lines on the level ground and, with a portion of their cavalry and their light

1347:, an Illyrian kingdom allied to the Romans. These combined forces outnumbered those of Gentius's by two to one. 1249:

Lychnidus, Perseus recalled the rest of the subsidy in the belief that Gentius was now his ally, come what may.

3910: 3883: 3561: 3442: 3417: 3329: 2803: 2651: 4013: 3633: 3099: 17: 3923: 3711: 2571: 1633:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.16, "...the Romans dispatched Lucius Aemilius with an army

1086:

Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was well prepared for the Roman invasion. He first placed a garrison in

4338: 3952: 3573: 3556: 2974: 2511: 1451: 769: 3789: 3784: 3525: 2486: 2936: 396:, who granted individual ships a license to universal plunder. In 231 BC, the fleet and army attacked 4313: 4296: 4038: 3774: 3769: 2516: 717: 642: 2151:

Zock, Paul A. (1998). Ancient Rome: An Introductory History. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.

1617:

Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Documentary Study — by Nicholas F. Jones — 1987,

4323: 4289: 4242: 3993: 3623: 2128: 1935: 1523: 1327:. Meanwhile, the Romans under Appius Claudius had heard of the alliance that Gentius had made with 1031: 1514:). His silver issues are rare, but bronze coins, without the royal title, occur on Hvar, both ..." 4405: 4328: 4227: 4018: 3998: 3852: 3779: 3596: 2169: 1979: 1510:., Page 177, "... who appears to have ruled after 168 BC at Queen Teuta's old stronghold Rhizon ( 1217: 901: 357: 272: 1331:

and the arrest of the Roman envoys. He therefore moved his army out of their winter quarters at

1257: 1188:

failed to locate the king; but the praetor discovered that Romans were being held for ransom at

571: 277: 267: 4333: 4205: 4104: 3864: 3578: 3463: 2019: 1948: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1891: 1878: 1015: 3359: 4318: 4232: 4210: 4200: 4097: 4087: 4045: 4023: 3628: 3481: 3354: 3321: 2586: 2556: 2521: 1372:, his brother Caravantius, his sons Scerdilaides and Pleuratus along with leading Illyrians. 1340: 1098:

three years later. The Adriatic took on particular importance in Rome's preparations for the

200: 4190: 4092: 4082: 4008: 3749: 3650: 2431: 8: 3744: 3601: 2847: 2766: 2661: 2611: 2546: 2526: 2481: 1332: 1119: 1115: 1075: 1050:, where he extorted tribute from some of the islands and plundered the others. Chased by 857: 697: 532: 180: 165: 157: 140:, where he captured 50 ships after several attempts. From Pylos, the fleet sailed to the 102: 86: 4171: 4003: 3933: 3616: 3344: 3252: 2606: 2541: 2162: 1991:

Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C. By A. E. Astin, F. W. Walbank, M. W. Frederiksen

1328: 1324: 1193: 1035: 681: 593: 417: 192: 184: 3429: 3232: 4184: 4176: 4166: 3891: 3857: 3824: 3804: 3731: 3706: 3640: 3548: 3471: 3392: 3387: 2911: 2706: 2666: 2641: 2476: 2436: 2141: 1699: 1661: 1618: 1601: 1575: 1549: 1503: 1486: 1070:

Kingdom's coast now had to be made secure, in view of the threat of another war with

368:

Leagues. In response, the king requested assistance from Agron to relieve the siege.

136:, violating his earlier treaty and starting the war. Demetrius' fleet first attacked 3268: 4284: 4195: 4119: 4060: 3819: 3739: 3611: 3544: 3404: 3349: 3334: 3222: 3139: 2964: 2943: 2783: 2621: 2426: 2383: 2098:

A History of Macedonia: Volume III: 336-167 B.C. by N. G. L. Hammond, F. W. Walbank

1456: 1308: 1302: 1230: 1099: 842: 756: 509: 337: 290: 133: 125: 54:, which lasted from 229 BC to 228 BC, Rome's concern was that the trade across the 39: 1102:

from 218 to 201 BC. Anticipating a long and difficult war far away from Rome, the

4301: 4139: 4077: 4065: 4055: 3794: 3688: 3683: 3606: 3588: 3566: 3377: 3168: 3151: 3145: 3104: 3038: 3021: 2210: 988: 701: 674: 608: 603: 588: 361: 349: 90: 59: 4248: 4151: 4124: 3814: 3809: 3364: 2985: 2979: 2862: 2731: 2531: 2326: 984: 837: 685: 491: 365: 353: 121: 113: 35: 3434: 203:, and in 167 BC he was brought to Rome as a captive to participate in Gallus' 199:, which were allied to Rome. He was defeated at Scodra by a Roman force under 4369: 4259: 4237: 4134: 4129: 3678: 3339: 2726: 2686: 2247: 1238: 1149: 932: 743: 620: 332:

seceded from this arrangement. Their independence was soon threatened by the

306:, a small and fast warship with a single bank of oars. Raids by sea from the 255: 204: 3424: 4254: 4161: 4156: 4109: 4028: 3723: 3491: 3369: 3274: 3119: 2696: 2681: 2059: 1391: 1361: 1351:

humane and clement methods. Gentius concentrated his forces in his capital

1165: 1157: 1103: 995: 760: 409: 397: 321: 98: 55: 3305: 1406:. Some came over to Rome on their own accord, while other places, such as 4217: 4146: 4033: 3310: 2916: 2842: 2827: 2676: 2631: 2506: 2471: 2277: 2237: 1312: 1275: 1019: 1007: 693: 405: 2089:Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: mélanges offerts au professeur Pierre Cabanes 1715:

The Hellenistic world and the coming of Rome, Volume 1 by Erich S. Gruen

4050: 3847: 3498: 3486: 3399: 3237: 2822: 2773: 2756: 2551: 2501: 2373: 2356: 2351: 2316: 2257: 2242: 1043: 662: 658: 497: 311: 3508: 3247: 1189: 1026:. With help from Cynaethan traitors, they attacked, seized and burned 869: 191:, in 168 BC, he arrested two Roman legati and destroyed the cities of 3944: 3197: 3156: 2991: 2948: 2926: 2837: 2788: 2646: 2596: 2461: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2341: 2272: 2225: 2185: 1320: 1055: 960: 539: 502: 333: 329: 82: 74: 3207: 2995: 1122:, who was now the Macedonian king following the death of Antigonus. 196: 3799: 3530: 3503: 3299: 3257: 3162: 3129: 3011: 3006: 2969: 2921: 2894: 2877: 2872: 2751: 2716: 2691: 2636: 2626: 2591: 2576: 2491: 2466: 2456: 2451: 2388: 2378: 2346: 2309: 2287: 2282: 2262: 2252: 2230: 2215: 1403: 1399: 1356: 1344: 1290: 1225: 1173: 1110: 1087: 1071: 1047: 1027: 1011: 949: 941: 765: 731: 727: 689: 654: 413: 401: 381: 377: 373: 345: 341: 307: 299: 141: 129: 47: 3059: 3055: 2867: 1307:

Having mustered his force of 15,000 men and his fleet of lembi at

1168:

had retained some form of independence under Roman protection but

1160:

remained under Roman control since the First Illyrian War against

968: 3829: 3660: 3476: 3447: 3289: 3242: 3227: 3185: 3134: 3094: 3043: 2931: 2832: 2798: 2778: 2761: 2747: 2656: 2601: 2581: 2368: 2336: 2331: 2321: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2220: 2205: 1435: 1428: 1424: 1352: 1267: 1213: 1185: 1153: 1063: 1059: 1039: 972: 812: 465: 208: 176: 169: 161: 43: 1524:

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=App.+Ill.+2.7

392:

Illyrian success continued when command passed to Agron's widow

223: 160:. The forces of Rome routed the Illyrians and Demetrius fled to 3665: 3655: 3645: 3518: 3513: 3382: 3294: 3284: 3279: 3262: 3217: 3202: 3124: 3089: 3049: 3016: 2959: 2953: 2906: 2900: 2852: 2721: 2701: 2671: 2616: 2561: 2536: 2496: 2446: 2441: 2363: 2267: 1461: 1395: 1365: 1336: 1296: 1286: 1279: 1205: 1177: 1132: 1095: 1051: 1023: 999: 980: 976: 945: 739: 705: 688:

south of Corcyra. By superior tactics, the Illyrians took four

303: 294: 153: 145: 78: 67: 2129:

Appian, The Foreign Wars (ed. Horace White), THE ILLYRIAN WARS

955:

Before then, when Rome was preoccupied with a war against the

3212: 3114: 3084: 3072: 3032: 3026: 2889: 2883: 2812: 2711: 2566: 2408: 1511: 1369: 1316: 1245: 1209: 1161: 1003: 964: 956: 649:

orders her guards to murder the Roman envoys – Augustyn Mirys

646: 528: 422: 393: 316: 137: 117: 63: 2154: 105:

as a power in Illyria to counterbalance the power of Teuta.

3670: 3175: 1407: 1379:

in a ceremonial manner of the triumph of Anicius in Rome:

1376: 1271: 1234: 1169: 735: 97:

and established a protectorate over these Greek towns. The

94: 1244:

The 300 talents were counted out of the royal treasure at

1315:

detached 1,000 infantry and 50 horsemen and attacked the

1062:. At the same time, the Macedonian commander in Corinth, 360:, who for the most of his reign had been at war with the 344:, which forced the Epirotes to establish a new center at 183:. But in 169 BC he changed sides and allied himself with 2138:

The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome: Volume II

2109:"LacusCurtius • Iguvium (Gubbio) — the Roman Mausoleum" 1204:

In 169 BC, Gentius arranged the murder of his brother,

1199: 376:

lines. The Aetolians drew up the greater part of their

179:

of the Labeatae was allied with the Romans against the

164:, where he became a trusted councillor at the court of 1172:

remained an Illyrian possession. On the mainland, the

1094:, who was to be killed in the great Roman disaster at 991:, the Illyrians attacked in their traditional manner. 1698:

Wilkes, John (1995). The Illyrians. Wiley-Blackwell.

1022:, to join the Aetolians in their planned invasion of 1676: 1674: 1285:

Gentius and Perseus sent a joined embassy to invite

1410:, were reduced by force and their property looted. 772:, their patron and ally against the Greek Leagues. 62:at a time when Ardiaei power increased under queen 1274:around his head, and on the reverse in one case a 1769:Rickard, J (2008), First Illyrian War, 230-228 BC 1671: 1375:The fall of the Ardiaean State is transmitted by 1081: 994:In 220 BC, Demetrius and the Illyrian commander, 4367: 1106:decided first to set matters right in Illyria. 1526:, Appian, The Foreign Wars (ed. Horace White) 3960: 2170: 2080:Illyrians to the Albanians, Neritan Ceka 2005 1559: 1042:. Meanwhile, Demetrius continued on into the 885: 668: 555: 239: 112:lasted from 220 BC to 219 BC. In 219 BC, the 73:and Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus. Rome expelled 4344:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire 2140:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1841:Hmmond 1968 (geography of Roman settlement). 1402:and the tribal states of the Daorsi and the 1297:Destruction of the Illyrian kingdom (168 BC) 1600:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 1548:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 1502:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 1485:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 336:, who began to occupy territory around the 3967: 3953: 2177: 2163: 1038:. They also attacked, but failed to take, 892: 878: 562: 548: 408:. On the way home, Teuta sent her general 246: 232: 416:in Epirus. The city was captured and the 356:, the Acarnanians sought assistance from 34:were a series of wars fought between the 1256: 931: 749: 641: 387: 219: 168:, and remained there until his death at 4115:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula 1751:Dell 1967b (Illyrian motives in 230 BC) 983:as Macedonia made an alliance with the 899: 14: 4368: 3974: 1533: 1143: 775: 569: 148:was captured by the Roman fleet under 3948: 2158: 1138: 1034:located on the northern slope of the 873: 704:, including all of the sea routes to 543: 428: 227: 27:Wars in the Mediterranean, 229–168 BC 4391:2nd century BC in the Roman Republic 4386:3rd century BC in the Roman Republic 4223:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain 1884: 1252: 1200:Alliance with Dardania and Macedonia 738:and Teuta retreated to her capital, 944:, Agron's first wife and mother of 865: 24: 2058:The Illyrians to the Albanians by 711: 340:, including Pyrrhus' old capital, 25: 4417: 4401:Wars involving the Roman Republic 3870:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe 1868:Wilkes, p. 162; Errington, p. 91. 1208:, because Plator's plan to marry 998:, sailed south of Lissus with 90 522:Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus Maximus 253: 207:, after which he was interned at 4356:Military history of ancient Rome 3929: 3928: 1074:. These events precipitated the 1046:with 50 ships. He sailed to the 4339:Civil wars of the Third Century 2101: 2092: 2083: 2074: 2065: 2052: 2043: 2034: 2025: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1985: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1941: 1927: 1906: 1897: 1871: 1862: 1853: 1844: 1835: 1826: 1817: 1808: 1799: 1790: 1781: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1745: 1736: 1733:Hammond 1967b, 591 & 595 f. 1727: 1718: 1709: 1692: 1689:Hammond 1968 (kingdom of Agron) 1683: 1654: 1645: 1636: 1627: 1611: 1368:, they captured Gentius' queen 1109:In 219 BC, having decided that 3443:Albanian traditional tattooing 3330:Central Bosnian cultural group 1594: 1585: 1568: 1542: 1517: 1496: 1479: 1413: 1152:had been succeeded by his son 1082:Surrender of Dimallum (219 BC) 302:(2.2). The Illyrians used the 13: 1: 3634:Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) 2184: 1472: 1054:warships, Demetrius put into 175:In 171 BC, the Illyrian king 2071:The Illyrians by John Wilkes 1125: 7: 3562:Alexander's Balkan campaign 3557:Illyrian invasion of Epirus 1445: 936:The Mediterranean in 218 BC 77:garrisons from a number of 10: 4422: 2122: 1335:, added to it troops from 1300: 672: 669:Corcyra and Paxos (229 BC) 584:Before Roman Intervention: 214: 4352: 4297:Roman conquest of Britain 4268: 3982: 3919: 3882: 3840: 3722: 3699: 3543: 3462: 3320: 2797: 2740: 2419: 2196: 2192: 911: 848: 831: 795: 787: 782: 718:Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus 653:Even before the war with 615:After Roman Intervention: 581: 515: 484: 448: 440: 435: 358:Demetrius II of Macedonia 263: 4381:2nd-century BC conflicts 4376:3rd-century BC conflicts 2136:Gruen, Erich S. (1984). 1467: 1434:The Roman punishment of 723:Lucius Postumius Albinus 71:Lucius Postumius Albinus 3994:Roman conquest of Italy 3853:Origin of the Albanians 3574:Dardanian–Bastarnic war 1814:N. Ceka 1970 (Parthini) 1261:King Gentius of Illyria 1218:Monunius II of Dardania 708:and Italy via Corcyra. 661:to keep a watch on the 412:to capture the city of 4396:Wars involving Illyria 3865:History of the Balkans 3579:Invasions of Epidamnus 3464:Religion and mythology 1387: 1262: 937: 849:Commanders and leaders 650: 516:Commanders and leaders 156:the navy went towards 150:Lucius Aemilius Paulus 4324:Domitian's Dacian War 4243:Liberators' civil war 3589:Roman-Macedonian wars 3355:Glasinac-Mati culture 2992:Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus 2587:Glaucias of Taulantii 2557:Eleutherius and Antia 2522:Constantine the Great 2040:Cassiu Dio. 12 frg.53 1805:Cassius Dio 12 frg.49 1381: 1341:Lucius Anicius Gallus 1260: 1148:By 181 BC, the loyal 1058:, the Aegean port of 1030:, a town in northern 935: 750:Peace treaty (228 BC) 645: 388:Raid against Phoenice 220:Expansion under Agron 4329:Trajan's Dacian Wars 4014:Roman–Hernician wars 3624:Roman–Dalmatian wars 3365:Monte Saraceno woman 2432:Anastasius I Dicorus 2009:Appian, (Illyrike 8) 1452:Italian-Albanian War 759:at the mouth of the 116:was at war with the 58:increased after the 4228:Roman–Parthian Wars 4019:Roman–Volscian wars 3999:Roman–Etruscan Wars 3712:Proposed vocabulary 3360:Gradistë belt-plate 2662:Peter the Patrician 2612:Irenaeus of Sirmium 2547:Demetrius of Pharos 2527:Constantius Chlorus 2482:Bato the Daesitiate 1278:and in the other a 1144:Relations with Rome 1120:Philip V of Macedon 1076:Second Illyrian War 903:Second Illyrian War 858:Demetrius of Pharos 783:Second Illyrian War 776:Second Illyrian War 698:Demetrius of Pharos 533:Demetrius of Pharos 166:Philip V of Macedon 110:Second Illyrian War 103:Demetrius of Pharos 4334:Roman–Persian Wars 4233:Caesar's civil war 4105:Roman–Seleucid war 4004:Roman-Aequian wars 3976:Ancient Roman wars 3629:Caesar's civil war 3263:Tragurion (Trogir) 2863:Aspalathos (Split) 2804:cities/settlements 2741:Political entities 2607:Gratianus Funarius 2031:Polybius (3.18-19) 1903:Appian, Illyrike 8 1329:Perseus of Macedon 1263: 1212:, daughter of the 1194:Perseus of Macedon 1139:Third Illyrian War 1036:Aroanian Mountains 938: 651: 573:First Illyrian War 436:First Illyrian War 429:First Illyrian War 189:Third Illyrian War 185:Perseus of Macedon 52:First Illyrian War 4363: 4362: 4319:Jewish–Roman wars 4191:Sulla's civil war 4185:Bellum Octavianum 4073:Illyro-Roman Wars 4046:Roman–Gallic wars 4024:Roman–Sabine wars 3942: 3941: 3878: 3877: 3858:Albanian paganism 3825:Pannonia Superior 3805:Pannonia Inferior 3732:Illyrian emperors 3584:Illyro-Roman Wars 3031:Iader or Idassa ( 2642:Marcellinus Comes 2477:Bato the Breucian 2437:Artas of Messapia 1850:Dell 1967a, 1970b 1823:Appian Illyrike 8 1778:Hammond 1968, 5-6 1680:Appian Illyrike 7 1528:THE ILLYRIAN WARS 1253:Anti-Roman policy 929: 928: 863: 862: 827: 826: 790:Illyro-Roman Wars 716:The Roman consul 639: 638: 538: 537: 480: 479: 443:Illyro-Roman Wars 286: 285: 201:L. Anicius Gallus 81:cities including 32:Illyro-Roman Wars 16:(Redirected from 4413: 4285:Marcomannic Wars 4196:Mithridatic Wars 4120:Celtiberian Wars 4009:Roman–Latin wars 3969: 3962: 3955: 3946: 3945: 3932: 3931: 3820:Pannonia Secunda 3425:Trebeništa masks 3405:Spectacle brooch 3248:Scodra (Shkodër) 3228:Scampa (Elbasan) 2944:Dardana Fortress 2813:Acruvium (Kotor) 2784:Illyrian kingdom 2194: 2193: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2156: 2155: 2113: 2112: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2023: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1961: 1958: 1952: 1945: 1939: 1931: 1925: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1895: 1888: 1882: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1833: 1832:Polybius 2.11-12 1830: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1681: 1678: 1669: 1658: 1652: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1615: 1609: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1572: 1566: 1565:Eckstein, 46–59. 1563: 1557: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1521: 1515: 1500: 1494: 1483: 1457:Illyrian warfare 1303:Illyrian kingdom 1100:Second Punic War 1092:Aemilius Paullus 1002:. An assault on 906: 904: 894: 887: 880: 871: 870: 866:Revival of power 843:Illyrian Kingdom 797: 796: 780: 779: 576: 574: 564: 557: 550: 541: 540: 510:Illyrian Kingdom 450: 449: 433: 432: 338:Gulf of Ambracia 258: 248: 241: 234: 225: 224: 126:Second Punic War 40:Illyrian kingdom 21: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4348: 4314:Civil war of 69 4302:Boudican revolt 4271: 4264: 4140:Cantabrian Wars 4078:Macedonian Wars 3985: 3978: 3973: 3943: 3938: 3915: 3902:Illyrian tribes 3874: 3836: 3795:Moesia Superior 3718: 3695: 3646:Desilo shipyard 3567:Siege of Pelium 3539: 3458: 3430:Vače Belt-Plate 3418:Selca e Poshtme 3316: 3233:Selcë e Poshtme 3022:Hedum castellum 2956:(Lower Neretva) 2818:Ad Acroceraunia 2801: 2793: 2736: 2517:Cleitus Dardani 2415: 2188: 2183: 2125: 2119: 2117: 2116: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2000:Wilkes, p. 163. 1999: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1946: 1942: 1932: 1928: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1889: 1885: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1796:Polybius 2.9,10 1795: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1672: 1668:, 2000, page 47 1659: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1616: 1612: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1522: 1518: 1501: 1497: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1448: 1416: 1305: 1299: 1255: 1202: 1146: 1141: 1128: 1084: 1006:in the western 989:Aetolian League 971:in present-day 959:peoples of the 930: 925: 907: 902: 900: 898: 868: 815: 803:220 BC – 219 BC 778: 752: 714: 712:Roman offensive 702:Gulf of Corinth 677: 675:Battle of Paxos 671: 640: 635: 577: 572: 570: 568: 531: 525:Aulus Postumius 524: 468: 456:229 BC – 228 BC 431: 390: 287: 282: 259: 254: 252: 222: 217: 60:First Punic War 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4419: 4409: 4408: 4406:3rd century BC 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4276: 4274: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4249:Bellum Siculum 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4193: 4188: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4159: 4154: 4152:Jugurthine War 4149: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4125:Lusitanian War 4122: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4075: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4048: 4043: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3990: 3988: 3986:Roman Republic 3980: 3979: 3972: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3949: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3888: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3850: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3815:Pannonia Savia 3812: 3810:Pannonia Prima 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3734: 3728: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3559: 3553: 3551: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3484: 3479: 3468: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3326: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3314: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3090:Mursa (Osijek) 3087: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3053: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2989: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2939: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2759: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2734: 2732:Valentinian II 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2532:Constantius II 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2411: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2202: 2200: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2181: 2174: 2167: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2134: 2131: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2051: 2042: 2033: 2024: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1984: 1971: 1962: 1953: 1940: 1926: 1905: 1896: 1883: 1870: 1861: 1852: 1843: 1834: 1825: 1816: 1807: 1798: 1789: 1787:Polyius 2.9, 6 1780: 1771: 1762: 1760:Polybius 2.8,1 1753: 1744: 1735: 1726: 1717: 1708: 1691: 1682: 1670: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1626: 1610: 1593: 1584: 1567: 1558: 1541: 1532: 1516: 1495: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1447: 1444: 1415: 1412: 1301:Main article: 1298: 1295: 1254: 1251: 1201: 1198: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1127: 1124: 1083: 1080: 1018:, king of the 985:Achaean League 927: 926: 924: 923: 918: 912: 909: 908: 897: 896: 889: 882: 874: 867: 864: 861: 860: 855: 851: 850: 846: 845: 840: 838:Roman Republic 834: 833: 829: 828: 825: 824: 821: 817: 816: 811: 809: 805: 804: 801: 793: 792: 785: 784: 777: 774: 751: 748: 713: 710: 673:Main article: 670: 667: 637: 636: 634: 633: 628: 623: 612: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 582: 579: 578: 567: 566: 559: 552: 544: 536: 535: 526: 518: 517: 513: 512: 507: 506: 505: 500: 492:Roman Republic 487: 486: 482: 481: 478: 477: 474: 470: 469: 464: 462: 458: 457: 454: 446: 445: 438: 437: 430: 427: 418:ensuing battle 389: 386: 284: 283: 281: 280: 275: 270: 264: 261: 260: 251: 250: 243: 236: 228: 221: 218: 216: 213: 122:Cisalpine Gaul 114:Roman Republic 36:Roman Republic 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4418: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4358: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4280:Germanic wars 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4260:War of Actium 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4238:War of Mutina 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4135:Sertorian War 4133: 4131: 4130:Numantine War 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3958: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3935: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3597:Erigon Valley 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3340:Daunian stele 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3027:Hija e Korbit 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2937:Lower Neretva 2935: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2727:Valentinian I 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2687:Pleuratus III 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2150: 2147: 2146:0-520-04569-6 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2110: 2104: 2095: 2086: 2077: 2068: 2061: 2055: 2046: 2037: 2028: 2021: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1981: 1975: 1966: 1957: 1950: 1944: 1937: 1930: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1900: 1893: 1887: 1880: 1874: 1865: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1829: 1820: 1811: 1802: 1793: 1784: 1775: 1766: 1757: 1748: 1739: 1730: 1721: 1712: 1705: 1704:0-631-19807-5 1701: 1695: 1686: 1677: 1675: 1667: 1666:1-85367-389-7 1663: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1630: 1624: 1623:0-87169-176-0 1620: 1614: 1607: 1606:0-631-19807-5 1603: 1597: 1588: 1581: 1580:0-306-80654-1 1577: 1571: 1562: 1555: 1554:0-631-19807-5 1551: 1545: 1536: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1509: 1508:0-631-19807-5 1505: 1499: 1492: 1491:0-631-19807-5 1488: 1482: 1478: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1420: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1259: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1239:Thermaic Gulf 1236: 1232: 1227: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1190:Corcyra Nigra 1187: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:Pleuratus III 1136: 1134: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 951: 947: 943: 934: 922: 919: 917: 914: 913: 910: 905: 895: 890: 888: 883: 881: 876: 875: 872: 859: 856: 853: 852: 847: 844: 841: 839: 836: 835: 830: 823:Roman victory 822: 819: 818: 814: 810: 807: 806: 802: 799: 798: 794: 791: 786: 781: 773: 771: 767: 762: 758: 747: 745: 744:Gulf of Kotor 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 719: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 676: 666: 664: 660: 656: 648: 644: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 617: 616: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 586: 585: 580: 575: 565: 560: 558: 553: 551: 546: 545: 542: 534: 530: 527: 523: 520: 519: 514: 511: 508: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 494: 493: 489: 488: 483: 476:Roman victory 475: 472: 471: 467: 463: 460: 459: 455: 452: 451: 447: 444: 439: 434: 426: 424: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 385: 383: 379: 375: 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 325: 323: 319: 318: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 292: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 262: 257: 256:Illyrian Wars 249: 244: 242: 237: 235: 230: 229: 226: 212: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 187:. During the 186: 182: 178: 173: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 106: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18:Illyrian Wars 4354: 4309:Armenian War 4272:Roman Empire 4255:Perusine War 4247: 4183: 4162:Servile Wars 4157:Cimbrian War 4110:Galatian War 4072: 4029:Samnite Wars 3756:Prefectures 3724:Roman period 3641:Batonian War 3583: 3413:Boka-Përçeva 3304: 3267: 3190: 3167: 3161: 3144: 3077: 3065: 3048: 2984: 2899: 2882: 2697:Scerdilaidas 2682:Pleuratus II 2487:Bato Dardani 2137: 2118: 2103: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2067: 2060:Neritan Ceka 2054: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2014: 2005: 1996: 1987: 1974: 1965: 1960:Hammond 1968 1956: 1943: 1929: 1908: 1899: 1886: 1873: 1864: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1742:Polybius 2.6 1738: 1729: 1724:Polybius 2.3 1720: 1711: 1694: 1685: 1656: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1613: 1596: 1587: 1570: 1561: 1544: 1535: 1527: 1519: 1498: 1481: 1441: 1433: 1421: 1417: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1374: 1362:Scutari Lake 1349: 1306: 1284: 1264: 1243: 1222: 1203: 1183: 1147: 1129: 1108: 1104:Roman Senate 1085: 1068: 996:Scerdilaidas 993: 987:against the 963:in northern 954: 939: 832:Belligerents 789: 788:Part of the 753: 715: 678: 652: 626:Epidamnus II 614: 613: 583: 490: 485:Belligerents 442: 441:Part of the 410:Scerdilaidas 391: 370: 326: 315: 288: 188: 174: 109: 107: 101:also set up 56:Adriatic Sea 51: 31: 29: 4270:Wars of the 4218:Gallic Wars 4147:Achaean War 4034:Pyrrhic War 3984:Wars of the 3911:Settlements 3780:Epirus Nova 3435:Vače Situla 3311:Albanopolis 3176:Pola (Pula) 3079:Matohasanaj 2917:Chrysondyon 2843:Antipatreia 2828:Albanopolis 2677:Pleuratus I 2632:Justinian I 2507:Caravantius 2472:Bardylis II 2278:Daesitiates 2238:Atintanians 1313:Caravantius 1276:thunderbolt 1008:Peloponnese 694:quinquereme 692:and sank a 663:Ionian gulf 647:Queen Teuta 599:Epidamnus I 406:Peloponnese 197:Dyrrhachium 181:Macedonians 172:in 214 BC. 4370:Categories 4290:Gothic War 4051:Punic Wars 4039:Social War 3848:Illyrology 3766:Provinces 3487:Deipaturos 3439:Tattooing 3400:Soleto Map 3238:Sesarethus 2895:Brundisium 2823:Ad Quintum 2789:Taulantian 2774:Dassaretan 2757:Autariatan 2552:Diocletian 2374:Osseriates 2317:Dassaretii 2263:Bassanitae 2258:Baridustae 2243:Autariatae 2062:pg~122-123 2018:Polybius, 1978:Polybius, 1969:Dell 1967b 1947:Polybius, 1912:Polybius, 1890:Polybius, 1877:Polybius, 1473:References 1364:where, at 1116:Stari Grad 659:Brundisium 124:, and the 42:under the 3790:Macedonia 3785:Illyricum 3760:Illyricum 3750:Macedonia 3745:Illyricum 3736:Dioceses 3602:Lyncestis 3526:Nymphaion 3393:Peucetian 3388:Messapian 3345:Education 3306:Zgërdhesh 3181:Poslishte 3157:Pituntium 3073:Lychnidus 2949:Delminium 2927:Damastion 2848:Apollonia 2838:Andetrium 2799:Geography 2779:Enchelean 2762:Dardanian 2647:Monounios 2597:Grabos II 2572:Flavianus 2462:Baraliris 2404:Taulantii 2399:Siculotae 2394:Sardiatae 2342:Iapygians 2273:Bylliones 2226:Docleatai 2186:Illyrians 1859:Levi 1973 1539:Zock, 99. 1414:Aftermath 1333:Nymphaeum 1325:Appolonia 1321:Epidamnus 1214:Dardanian 1126:Aftermath 1056:Cenchreae 1020:Athamanes 961:Po Valley 770:Macedonia 682:Appolonia 503:Epidamnos 334:Aetolians 330:Acarnania 193:Apollonia 87:Apollonia 83:Epidamnus 50:. In the 3934:Category 3924:Timeline 3800:Pannonia 3775:Delmatia 3770:Dardania 3707:Illyrian 3700:Language 3617:Phoenice 3593:Battles 3549:weaponry 3531:Swastika 3504:Medaurus 3472:Religion 3374:Pottery 3300:Vendenis 3285:Ulkinium 3258:Tilurium 3253:Thronion 3163:Pogradec 3146:Persqopi 3130:Palaeste 3012:Eugenium 3007:Epicaria 3002:Enkelana 2970:Doracium 2922:Creonion 2878:Bassania 2873:Bargulum 2752:Labeatan 2748:Ardiaean 2717:Triteuta 2692:Pleurias 2652:Monunius 2637:Longarus 2627:Justin I 2592:Grabos I 2577:Galaurus 2492:Bircenna 2467:Bardylis 2457:Ballaios 2452:Aurelian 2389:Pirustae 2384:Penestae 2379:Parthini 2322:Enchelei 2310:Thuantai 2288:Tariotes 2283:Dalmatae 2253:Balaites 2231:Labeatae 2216:Amantini 2148:(2 vols) 1446:See also 1404:Pirustae 1400:Olcinium 1357:Teuticus 1345:Parthini 1291:Adriatic 1270:, and a 1231:Penestae 1226:Stuberra 1176:and the 1174:Delmatae 1111:Dimallum 1088:Dimallum 1072:Carthage 1048:Cyclades 1028:Cynaetha 1012:Cyclades 950:Sellasia 942:Triteuta 916:Dimallum 808:Location 766:Shkumbin 732:Parthini 728:Atintani 690:triremes 655:Carthage 594:Phoenice 461:Location 414:Phoenice 402:Messenia 382:infantry 378:hoplites 374:Aetolian 362:Aetolian 350:Besieged 346:Phoenice 342:Ambracia 308:Adriatic 300:Polybius 142:Cyclades 130:Carthage 75:Illyrian 48:Labeatae 38:and the 3830:Sirmium 3675:Sieges 3661:Liburna 3545:Warfare 3509:Perëndi 3477:Andinus 3448:Sicanje 3378:Daunian 3350:Fibulae 3335:Coinage 3322:Culture 3290:Ulpiana 3275:Tsangon 3269:Triport 3243:Setovia 3186:Promona 3135:Parthus 3100:Nikadin 3095:Nareste 3067:Lofkënd 3044:Kodrion 2975:Dresnik 2932:Daorson 2890:Bouthoe 2858:Arnissa 2833:Amantia 2767:Kingdom 2707:Tacitus 2657:Mytilos 2602:Gratian 2582:Gentius 2369:Narensi 2357:Peuceti 2352:Messapi 2337:Iapodes 2332:Grabaei 2305:Galabri 2300:Dardani 2221:Ardiaei 2211:Amantes 2123:Sources 2020:3.18–19 1436:Illyria 1429:Corcyra 1425:Iguvium 1353:Shkodra 1268:petasos 1237:on the 1186:Illyria 1154:Gentius 1064:Taurion 1060:Corinth 1052:Rhodian 1040:Cleitor 1032:Arcadia 973:Albania 854:unknown 813:Illyria 742:in the 631:Noutria 604:Corcyra 466:Illyria 404:in the 366:Achaean 215:Prelude 209:Iguvium 205:triumph 177:Gentius 170:Messene 162:Macedon 152:. From 91:Corcyra 68:consuls 44:Ardiaei 4206:Second 4172:Second 4098:Fourth 4088:Second 4061:Second 3897:Tribes 3892:People 3689:Oricum 3684:Medion 3666:Sibyna 3656:Lembus 3651:Helmet 3612:Pharos 3519:Tomorr 3514:Prende 3482:Bindus 3409:Tombs 3383:Desilo 3370:Pileus 3295:Uscana 3280:Ugento 3223:Salvia 3218:Salona 3208:Romajë 3203:Rhizon 3198:Ragusa 3192:Rabije 3169:Castle 3140:Pelion 3125:Oricum 3105:Nikaia 3085:Meteon 3056:Lissus 3050:Kratul 3017:Gertus 2996:Durrës 2965:Doclea 2960:Dimale 2954:Desilo 2912:Chinna 2907:Byllis 2901:Bushat 2853:Arduba 2722:Valens 2702:Sirras 2672:Plator 2667:Pinnes 2622:Jovian 2617:Jerome 2562:Epulon 2537:Cynane 2497:Caeria 2447:Audata 2442:Astius 2420:People 2364:Mazaei 2295:Daorsi 2268:Breuci 2206:Albani 2198:Tribes 2144: 1980:3.16.1 1936:14.2.5 1702: 1664: 1621: 1604: 1578: 1552: 1506: 1489: 1462:Pinnes 1408:Pharos 1396:Rhizon 1366:Meteon 1337:Byllis 1309:Lissus 1287:Rhodes 1280:lembus 1216:king, 1206:Plator 1178:Daorsi 1170:Pharos 1133:Pinnes 1096:Cannae 1044:Aegean 1024:Achaea 1016:Amynas 981:Greece 977:Histri 957:Celtic 946:Pinnes 921:Pharos 820:Result 757:Lissus 740:Rhizon 706:Sicily 589:Medion 473:Result 354:Medion 317:poleis 312:Ionian 304:lembus 295:Epirus 273:Second 158:Pharos 154:Dimale 146:Dimale 134:Lissus 99:Romans 95:Pharos 4211:Third 4201:First 4177:Third 4167:First 4093:Third 4083:First 4066:Third 4056:First 3884:Lists 3841:Other 3740:Dacia 3607:Paxos 3213:Runik 3152:Petra 3115:Oneum 3060:Lezhë 3039:Kinna 3033:Zadar 2986:Dukat 2980:Duboc 2884:Berat 2868:Aulon 2712:Teuta 2567:Etuta 2542:Dando 2512:Celer 2502:Caius 2427:Agron 2409:Abroi 2347:Dauni 2327:Eneti 2248:Azali 1512:Risan 1468:Notes 1370:Etuta 1317:Cavii 1246:Pella 1210:Etuta 1162:Teuta 1004:Pylos 1000:lembi 969:Lezhë 965:Italy 686:Paxos 609:Paxos 529:Teuta 423:Italy 394:Teuta 291:Agron 278:Third 268:First 138:Pylos 128:with 118:Celts 79:Greek 64:Teuta 3679:Issa 3671:Sica 3547:and 3492:Zojz 3120:Oria 3109:Klos 2142:ISBN 1949:4.19 1922:4.19 1918:4.16 1914:3.16 1892:3.16 1879:2.65 1700:ISBN 1662:ISBN 1619:ISBN 1602:ISBN 1576:ISBN 1550:ISBN 1504:ISBN 1487:ISBN 1398:and 1392:Issa 1377:Livy 1323:and 1272:torc 1235:Dium 1166:Issa 1158:Drin 800:Date 761:Drin 736:Arbo 730:and 621:Issa 498:Issa 453:Date 400:and 398:Elis 364:and 322:Issa 310:and 195:and 108:The 46:and 30:The 3309:(? 1360:of 352:at 120:of 4372:: 3499:En 1920:, 1916:, 1673:^ 1394:, 1078:. 348:. 211:. 93:, 89:, 85:, 3968:e 3961:t 3954:v 3313:) 3172:) 3166:( 3111:) 3107:( 3062:) 3058:( 3035:) 2998:) 2994:( 2806:) 2802:( 2750:- 2178:e 2171:t 2164:v 2111:. 2022:. 1982:. 1951:. 1938:. 1924:. 1894:. 1881:. 1706:. 893:e 886:t 879:v 563:e 556:t 549:v 247:e 240:t 233:v 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index