39:
27:
618:
632:
303:
Division; the
Planning Division; and the Evaluation and Research Center. The second managerial division, called the Management division, was responsible for maintaining the overall mission of the INS throughout its many offices and providing administrative services to these offices. These duties were handled by the offices of Information Resources Management, Finance, Human Resources and Administration, and Equal Employment Opportunity.
156:
327:. This office was responsible for admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the United States and for implementing national immigration policy. 'Immigrant Inspectors', as they were called then, were stationed at major U.S. ports of entry collecting manifests of arriving passengers. Its largest station was located on
411:
nationals in custody. These "enemy aliens," many of whom had resided in the United States for decades, were arrested without warrants or formal charges. They were held in immigration stations and various requisitioned sites, often for months, before receiving a hearing (without the benefit of legal
224:
matters, known as the Bureau of
Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization, respectively. The INS was established on June 10, 1933, merging these previously separate areas of administration. In 1890, the federal government, rather than the individual states, regulated immigration into the United
281:
between the ports (with the assistance of the Border Patrol, a component of the INS) and by sea, and conducting investigations of criminal and administrative violations of the Act. The INS also adjudicated applications for permanent residency ("green cards"), change of status, naturalization (the
298:
The Field
Operations division was responsible for overseeing INS' many offices operating throughout the country and the world. The Field Operations division implemented policies and handled tasks for its three regional offices, which in turn oversaw 33 districts and 21 border areas throughout the
294:
The operational functions of the INS included the
Programs and Field Operations divisions. The Programs division was responsible for handling all the functions involved with enforcement and examinations, including the arrest, detaining, and deportation of illegal immigrants as well as controlling
290:
At the head of the INS was a commissioner appointed by the
President who reported to the Attorney General in the Department of Justice. The INS worked closely with the United Nations, the Department of State, and the Department of Health and Human Services. The INS was a very large and complex
338:'s primary interest in immigration was to protect American workers and wages: the reason it had become a federal concern in the first place. This made immigration more a matter of commerce than revenue. In 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly created (now-defunct)
302:
Managerial functions of the INS included the Policy and
Planning and Management divisions. The Office of Policy and Planning coordinated all information for the INS and communicated with other cooperating government agencies and the public. The office was divided into three areas: the Policy
276:
The INS (Immigration and
Naturalization Service) administered federal immigration laws and regulations including the Immigration and Nationality Act (Title 8, United States Code). Its officers inspected foreigners arriving at an official Port of Entry (POE), detecting and deterring
416:
deported from Peru and other countries. It is estimated that 17,477 persons of
Japanese ancestry, 11,507 of German ancestry, 2,730 of Italian ancestry, and 185 others were interned by the Immigration and Naturalization Service during the war.
372:
There were a number of predecessor agencies to INS between 1891 and 1933. The
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was formed in 1933 by a merger of the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization.
1771:
1741:
1756:
1545:
2110:
1241:
260:(USCIS). The investigative and enforcement functions of the INS (including investigations, deportation, and intelligence) were combined with the U.S. Customs investigators to create
412:
counsel or defense witnesses) and being released, paroled, or transferred to a
Department of Justice internment camp. Starting in 1942, the INS also interned German, Italian, and
1481:
1236:
2031:
1612:
946:
299:
country. Internationally, the Field Operations division oversaw the Headquarters Office of International Affairs which in turn oversaw 16 offices outside the country.
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1659:
1307:
1251:
1043:
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organization that had four main divisions—Programs, Field Operations, Policy and Planning, and Management—that were responsible for operations and management.
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2135:
2115:
1976:
2120:
1451:
257:
93:
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1684:
1394:
516:
The work of the immigration service has been dramatized or depicted in literature, music, art, and theatre. Films using its work as a theme include
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1720:
1267:
264:(ICE). The border functions of the INS, which included the Border Patrol and INS Inspectors, were combined with U.S. Customs Inspectors to create
899:
1981:
1597:
1209:
1204:
939:
253:
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after 1913. In 1940, with increasing concern about national security, immigration and naturalization was organized under the authority of the
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to the Department of Justice in 1940, citing a need for "more effective control over aliens" as the United States moved closer to joining
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1991:
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announced that INS "raids" would only take place at places of work, not at residences where illegal aliens were suspected of living.
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1971:
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1431:
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750:
650:
324:
261:
198:
193:, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities –
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limiting the number of newcomers by assigning a quota to each nationality based upon its representation in previous
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By July 1941, Justice Department officials had decided that the INS would oversee the internment of enemy aliens
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Both those bureaus, as well as the newly created INS, were controlled by the Department of Labor. President
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in New York Harbor. Among other things, a 'head tax' of fifty cents was collected on each immigrant.
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The Immigration Act of 1891 established an Office of the Superintendent of Immigration within the
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History of the Immigration and Naturalization Service: A Congressional Research Service Report
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these plans went into effect. By December 10, three days after the attack, the INS had 1,291
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809:"The President Presents Plan No. V to Carry Out the Provisions of the Reorganization Act",
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In 2003 the administration of immigration services, including permanent residence,
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Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
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Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
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Judgement Without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment During World War II
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Paralleling some contemporary immigration concerns, in the early 1900s
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National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
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American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
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Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
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The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1940 Volume
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The Bureau of Immigration: Its History, Activities, and Organization
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process by which an alien becomes a citizen), and similar matters.
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Established: In the Department of Labor by EO 6166, June 10, 1933.)
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Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
209:(DHS), as part of a major government reorganization following the
160:
252:, asylum, and other functions, became the responsibility of the
155:
1440:
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Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
1268:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
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Defunct federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) of the DHS
844:(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003), pp 124-25.
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rule in 1876 that immigration was a federal responsibility.
16:
Former immigration service of the United States (1933–2003)
342:, and on June 10, 1933, the agency was established as the
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U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) of the DHS
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should the U.S. enter the war, and immediately after the
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Prior to 1933, there were separate offices administering
909:
766:(Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1924).
696:"Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service"
43:
Flag of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
31:
Seal of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
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Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
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Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
1977:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
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United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
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U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) of the DHS
690:
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813:(New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941) pp 223-29.
258:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
229:established a Commissioner of Immigration in the
2106:Defunct agencies of the United States government
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1721:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
685:
1982:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
1660:List of people deported from the United States
254:Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services
235:United States Department of Commerce and Labor
1407:Trump administration family separation policy
940:
1457:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
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700:National Archives and Records Administration
2136:2003 disestablishments in the United States
2116:History of immigration to the United States
1957:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
865:. New York, New York: Basic Books. p.
20:U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
2121:Government agencies disestablished in 2003
1992:Federation for American Immigration Reform
947:
933:
762:Darrell Hevenor Smith and H. Guy Herring,
37:
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1767:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
1762:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
1752:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
1695:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
1452:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1222:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
646:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
195:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
2131:1933 establishments in the United States
1972:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1115:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
984:Nationality law in the American Colonies
828:"Immigration and Naturalization Service"
751:United States Department of the Interior
651:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
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262:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
199:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
154:
2126:Government agencies established in 1933
1906:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
1462:Executive Office for Immigration Review
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1922:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
344:Immigration and Naturalization Service
1170:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
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905:Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
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1891:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1196:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
853:
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1577:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
1547:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1432:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1034:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
825:
420:In November 1979, Attorney General
13:
1665:Mexico–United States border crisis
1447:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
816:
656:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
266:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
203:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
14:
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1608:Central American migrant caravans
1155:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
887:
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205:(CBP) – within the newly created
2101:Immigration to the United States
1670:Mexico–United States border wall
1145:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
956:Immigration to the United States
630:
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437:James L. Houghteling (1937–1940)
434:Daniel W. MacCormack (1933–1937)
340:Department of Commerce and Labor
1427:Department of Homeland Security
207:Department of Homeland Security
1967:Center for Immigration Studies
1896:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
1881:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
1531:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
1472:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1227:American Homecoming Act (1989)
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826:Mak, Stephen (June 10, 2020).
803:
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756:
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1:
2017:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
1861:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
1623:Eugenics in the United States
779:(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980)
678:
1685:Illegal immigrant population
1467:Board of Immigration Appeals
1303:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
1298:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1191:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
1105:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
455:Watson B. Miller (1947–1950)
285:
7:
1901:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
1876:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
1747:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
1737:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
1716:Canada–United States border
1711:Mexico–United States border
1278:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1140:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
666:Asylum in the United States
609:
500:James W. Ziglar (2001–2002)
365:issued a limited number of
10:
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2037:Negative Population Growth
2027:National Immigration Forum
2012:Migration Policy Institute
1787:US Citizenship Act of 2021
1343:Temporary protected status
1125:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
800:. Accessed July 15, 2010,
467:Raymond Farrel (1962–1973)
306:
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180:U.S. Department of Justice
178:from 1933 to 1940 and the
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1370:Security Advisory Opinion
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861:How We Got Here: The '70s
724:What's correct, the term
549:Secret Service of the Air
458:Argyle Mackey (1951–1954)
441:Lemuel Braddock Schofield
295:illegal and legal entry.
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2007:Mexicans Without Borders
1507:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1380:National Origins Formula
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1039:Civil Rights Act of 1866
511:
414:Japanese Latin Americans
361:figures. Each year, the
176:U.S. Department of Labor
1358:Central American Minors
1288:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1150:Nationality Act of 1940
1100:Naturalization Act 1906
1074:Immigration Act of 1891
1059:Immigration Act of 1882
1049:Naturalization Act 1870
1029:Naturalization Law 1802
1005:Naturalization Act 1790
380:moved the INS from the
355:Immigration Act of 1924
227:Immigration Act of 1891
185:Referred to by some as
174:) was an agency of the
115:U.S. federal government
75:March 1, 2003
2073:Borderland (TV series)
1927:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
1400:Unaccompanied children
1175:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
965:Relevant colonial era,
830:. Densho Encyclopedia.
597:Fun with Dick and Jane
471:Leonard F. Chapman Jr.
452:Ugo Carusi (1945–1947)
397:attack on Pearl Harbor
163:
59:; 91 years ago
1650:Immigration reduction
1561:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1165:War Brides Act (1945)
1044:14th Amendment (1868)
896:(2000–2003) (Archive)
747:National Park Service
428:List of commissioners
363:U.S. State Department
243:Department of Justice
158:
136:Department of Justice
1952:Arizona Border Recon
1932:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
1796:Immigration stations
1730:Proposed legislation
1628:Guest worker program
1603:Brooks County, Texas
1515:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1232:Immigration Act 1990
1135:Immigration Act 1924
1120:Immigration Act 1918
1110:Immigration Act 1907
1095:Immigration Act 1903
624:United States portal
603:Ip Man 4: The Finale
211:September 11 attacks
159:Old INS building in
1871:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
1798:and points of entry
1690:Reverse immigration
1569:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
1482:Supreme Court cases
1338:Visa Waiver Program
1333:Permanent residence
1160:Magnuson Act (1943)
989:Plantation Act 1740
840:Kashima, Tetsuden.
393:arrested by the FBI
382:Department of Labor
325:Treasury Department
239:Department of Labor
237:after 1903 and the
231:Treasury Department
182:from 1940 to 2003.
21:
1655:Immigration reform
1491:US v. Wong Kim Ark
1437:U.S. Border Patrol
1353:Green Card Lottery
1321:Visas and policies
1283:Real ID Act (2005)
1217:Refugee Act (1980)
969:international laws
958:and related topics
775:Sharon D. Masanz,
422:Benjamin Civiletti
378:Franklin Roosevelt
317:U.S. Supreme Court
311:Shortly after the
164:
87:Superseding agency
57:June 10, 1933
19:
2088:
2087:
2022:Minuteman Project
1997:Improve The Dream
1915:State legislation
1866:"Babylift" (1975)
1840:Washington Avenue
1835:Sullivan's Island
1757:STRIVE Act (2007)
1680:March for America
1633:Human trafficking
1523:Zadvydas v. Davis
1385:Expedited removal
1316:
1315:
967:United States and
798:National Archives
672:Well-Founded Fear
504:Michael J. Garcia
189:and by others as
153:
152:
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1987:Community Change
1962:CASA of Maryland
1942:Non-governmental
1856:"Wetback" (1954)
1782:RAISE Act (2017)
1742:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1130:Cable Act (1922)
1079:Geary Act (1892)
1069:Scott Act (1888)
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2057:Utah Compact
1820:Ellis Island
1805:Angel Island
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1198: /
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998:18th century
977:Colonial era
900:History site
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753:, 8 May 2018
743:Ellis Island
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728:or the term
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719:
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704:. Retrieved
670:
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591:Men in Black
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531:Ellis Island
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329:Ellis Island
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167:
165:
121:Headquarters
111:Jurisdiction
1815:East Boston
1499:Ozawa v. US
1328:Visa policy
1293:DACA (2012)
855:Frum, David
661:Immigration
600:(2005) and
537:Paddy O'Day
506:(2002–2003)
497:(1993–2000)
491:(1989–1993)
489:Gene McNary
485:(1982–1989)
479:(1977–1979)
473:(1973–1977)
464:(1954–1962)
449:(1942–1944)
443:(1940–1942)
359:U.S. Census
351:World War I
218:immigration
201:(ICE), and
147:www.INS.gov
2095:Categories
2047:NumbersUSA
1849:Operations
1830:San Ysidro
1590:and events
1417:Government
726:legacy INS
679:References
407:, and 147
191:legacy INS
187:former INS
79:2003-03-01
64:1933-06-10
1825:Otay Mesa
1704:Geography
1390:Detention
706:April 21,
585:Coneheads
286:Structure
213:of 2001.
197:(USCIS),
72:Dissolved
1643:Coyotaje
1375:E-Verify
1365:US-VISIT
857:(2000).
610:See also
606:(2019).
594:(1997),
588:(1993),
582:(1951),
576:(1950),
573:Deported
570:(1949),
564:(1939),
558:(1939),
552:(1939),
546:(1938),
540:(1936),
534:(1936),
522:(1917),
401:Japanese
336:Congress
1618:Effects
543:Gateway
528:1926),
409:Italian
307:History
272:Mission
268:(CBP).
161:Seattle
142:Website
77: (
62: (
1571:(2021)
1563:(2021)
1556:(2020)
1541:(2020)
1533:(2011)
1526:(2001)
1517:(1975)
1509:(1923)
1501:(1922)
1493:(1898)
1441:BORTAC
1395:Family
1348:Asylum
873:
702:. 1995
405:German
403:, 857
349:After
127:, U.S.
54:Formed
512:Films
367:visas
102:USCBP
98:USICE
94:USCIS
1200:1965
1013:1798
1009:1795
871:ISBN
708:2017
220:and
166:The
867:271
319:to
172:INS
2097::
869:.
818:^
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