3631:
189:, the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, made major reforms to the mausoleum. He changed the mounds on the ground from the previous bucket-shaped square to round or oblong, canceled the palace, and enlarged the temple building. The Qing dynasty followed the Ming dynasty system, paying more attention to the combination of the cemetery and the surrounding mountains and rivers, paying attention to the order of the buried people, and forming the matching sequence of the emperor and concubine tombs, and the sacrificial system was more perfect and reasonable. There are 13 tombs in the
249:) are the ancestors' tombs that created the foundation of the Manchu and Qing imperial family. The shape of the tombs of the three tombs is imitated as illuminated mausoleums with strong stylized features, which influenced the construction of the tombs of the Qing dynasty after entering the Pass. The three tombs of Shengjing plus the Eastern Tombs of the Qing dynasty and the Western Tombs of the Qing dynasty, constitute a group of Qing imperial tombs, condensing the history of the Qing dynasty.
228:
and the cosmology of "the harmony between man and nature" was embodied, and the human spirit was cast in nature, creating a lofty, great and eternal
Immortal imagery. In terms of the scale and quality of the building, it strives to be magnificent, spectacular and exquisite, in order to embody the idea of the supremacy of imperial power, show off the imperial style and majesty, and become the symbol of the materialization of imperial power.
227:
As a feudal ruler, he treated it as an important work related to the prosperity and decline of the country and the length of the emperor's fortune. This concept was pushed to its peak. In the site selection and planning and design of the tomb, the traditional
Chinese Feng Shui theory was fully used,
163:
were constructed for the founding emperors of the Qing dynasty and their ancestors. These tombs feature rich decoration of stone statues and carvings and tiles with dragon motifs, illustrating the development of the funerary architecture of the Qing dynasty. The three tomb complexes, and their
215:
In traditional China, the veneration of the dead is very important. After the first emperor of the Qing dynasty conquered the Ming dynasty, he choose to build Qing tombs with the Ming tombs, to assure his new subjects that the traditions of the
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653:
711:
2611:
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site near
Beijing, but other Ming dynasty tombs are also part of the World Heritage Sites. For example, the Xianling Tomb, located in
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2718:
2703:
1747:
2405:
4029:
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3501:
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2780:
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1973:
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34:
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2020:
1742:
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232:
99:
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2010:
1995:
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25:
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would still be respected. In addition, the first emperor of the Qing dynasty believed the concept of '
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1990:
1826:
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1513:
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3383:
3203:
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2053:
1932:
1831:
1518:
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70:
2015:
3815:
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2264:
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1963:
1872:
1538:
1392:
3821:
3360:
3248:
3129:
2954:
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1900:
1848:
1656:
1548:
1169:, the tomb of his grandfather, great-grandfather, and great-great-grandfather in Xuyi, Jiangsu
3829:
3792:
3596:
3434:
3293:
3253:
2920:
2882:
2770:
2750:
2668:
2467:
2450:
2315:
2284:
2219:
2005:
1983:
1968:
1609:
1589:
1467:
1427:
1417:
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numerous edifices, combine traditions inherited from previous dynasties and new features of
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8:
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483:
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353:
210:
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1631:
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2532:
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1651:
1641:
1626:
1599:
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1422:
422:
224:', this is also one of the reasons that he choose to build around the Ming Tombs.
1284:. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China.
1152:
The UNESCO World
Heritage Site does not include the mausoleum complexes which the
3911:
3880:
3762:
3482:
3428:
3278:
3263:
3087:
2542:
2505:
2455:
2415:
2365:
2310:
2179:
2070:
1922:
1865:
1783:
1558:
1533:
3493:
147:
Tombs were included in the list in 2000, 2003 and 2004. Three
Imperial tombs in
3835:
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3345:
3218:
2984:
2947:
2395:
2385:
2325:
2046:
2041:
1917:
1207:
1179:
1160:
1153:
197:, was constructed for the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty from 1519 to 1566.
194:
186:
4003:
3893:
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3771:
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3457:
3423:
3388:
3004:
2994:
2810:
2201:
1927:
1720:
1663:
1211:
1200:
1093:
1080:
1035:
1022:
975:
962:
913:
900:
855:
842:
797:
784:
739:
726:
681:
668:
623:
610:
566:
553:
534:
505:
492:
444:
431:
385:
372:
324:
311:
292:
181:
160:
1316:
3947:
3551:
3477:
3174:
3116:
2805:
2787:
2643:
2113:
1703:
1353:
137:
133:
1762:
3916:
3840:
3810:
3802:
3781:
3728:
3658:
3413:
3134:
2855:
2850:
1958:
1493:
1166:
1004:
257:
WHS No. 1004ter includes the following individual tombs and tomb groups:
217:
156:
59:
3978:
3972:
3766:
3753:
3743:
3718:
3695:
3567:
3532:
3081:
2925:
2875:
2845:
2688:
1937:
1793:
1298:
473:
302:
190:
177:
2082:
1322:
3982:
3921:
3615:
3582:
3571:
3561:
2870:
2860:
1978:
1317:
Locational
Information: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1248:
3674:
3620:
3556:
3355:
3100:
3047:
2989:
2865:
2840:
1255:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
1183:
1163:, the tomb of his parents Zhu Wusi and Lady Chen in Fengyang, Anhui
1013:
948:
3926:
3860:
3845:
3777:
3663:
3610:
3340:
544:
539:
478:
252:
953:
363:
240:
165:
128:
has included several tombs and burial complexes in the list of
125:
115:
3700:
3064:
2623:
1843:
827:
358:
297:
141:
39:
3606:
3234:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
2723:
1757:
151:, all built in the 17th century, were added in 2004: the
1203:, the tomb of the first Han emperor in Weicheng, Shaanxi
16:
UNESCO World
Heritage Site in People's Republic of China
3239:
Convention for the
Extension of Hong Kong Territory
3523:
4001:
1275:"Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"
1249:"Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"
3977:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
3566:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
2639:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
253:Properties included in the World Heritage Site
3953:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
3509:
3059:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
3030:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
2098:
1943:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1338:
1299:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
96:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
20:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1197:, the tomb of Shi Huangdi in Xi'an, Shaanxi
3516:
3502:
2105:
2091:
1345:
1331:
1307:(for the Liaoning Tombs, January 22, 2003)
2719:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
2568:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
1243:
1241:
1239:
89:3,434.9 ha (13.262 sq mi)
3175:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
2112:
1352:
1319:(for the sites listed in 2000 and 2003)
1313:(October 29, 2004 - see p. 38, 39)
1267:
1191:, a supposed tomb in Huangling, Shaanxi
1147:
4002:
1894:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
3497:
3473:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
2714:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
2086:
1326:
1236:
124:) is the designation under which the
2694:Ministry of Posts and Communications
3442:History of Qing (People's Republic)
1301:on the World Heritage Sites website
51:Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)
13:
3912:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
3159:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
2528:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
2521:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
2401:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
2225:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
14:
4041:
3448:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
3289:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
3164:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
2316:DograāTibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
1292:
4010:Burial sites of the Ming dynasty
3647:Ancient Building Complex in the
3629:
3259:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
2575:Articles of Favourable Treatment
2331:Red Turban Rebellion (1854ā1856)
3788:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
2306:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
2192:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1529:Japanese missions to Ming China
1189:Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor
231:The Three Tombs of ShengJing (
2960:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
2250:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
1403:Campaign against the Uriankhai
1195:Mausoleum of the First Emperor
245:
236:
120:
111:
103:
1:
4030:World Heritage Sites in China
4025:Archaeological sites in China
3525:World Heritage Sites in China
3394:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
3169:Islam during the Qing dynasty
3025:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
2709:Provincial military commander
2699:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
2684:Imperial Household Department
2511:Preparative Constitutionalism
2215:Sino-Russian border conflicts
1463:Campaigns against the Mongols
1229:
200:
171:
3664:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
3153:Researches on Manchu Origins
2558:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
2168:Transition from Ming to Qing
2158:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
2001:Covered jar with carp design
1617:Transition from Ming to Qing
1282:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1253:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
132:. These tombs date from the
7:
3547:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
3053:Changzhou School of Thought
2563:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
2538:Railway Protection Movement
2516:1909 Parliamentary election
2501:British expedition to Tibet
2411:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
2371:Self-Strengthening Movement
2346:NepalāTibet War (1855ā1856)
1996:Ming presentation porcelain
1595:Japanese invasions of Korea
1173:
1136:
1131:
1110:
1107:
1052:
1049:
992:
989:
927:
869:
811:
756:
753:
695:
637:
583:
580:
522:
519:
461:
458:
402:
399:
341:
338:
10:
4046:
3453:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
2341:Miao Rebellion (1854ā1873)
2280:Miao Rebellion (1795ā1806)
2270:Battle of Ngį»c Hį»i-Äį»ng Äa
2240:Miao Rebellion (1735ā1736)
1858:Compilations and Documents
1489:LuchuanāPingmian campaigns
1311:Original Decision Document
204:
175:
121:MĆng QÄ«ng HuĆ”ngjiÄ LĆngqĒn
40:People's Republic of China
27:UNESCO World Heritage Site
4020:Qing dynasty architecture
4015:Ming dynasty architecture
3935:
3902:
3879:
3801:
3734:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
3709:
3691:Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art
3638:
3627:
3531:
3463:Names of the Qing dynasty
3406:
3374:
3331:
3324:
3193:
3111:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
3038:
2970:
2891:
2796:
2592:
2483:
2441:Dungan Revolt (1895ā1896)
2436:Gongche Shangshu movement
2381:Dungan Revolt (1862ā1877)
2293:
2230:Chinese Rites controversy
2200:
2130:
2121:
2062:
2029:
1991:Chinese lacquerware table
1951:
1910:
1857:
1814:
1771:
1753:Embroidered Uniform Guard
1681:
1567:
1514:Prince of Anhua rebellion
1476:
1370:
1361:
1156:built for his ancestors:
85:
77:
65:
55:
45:
33:
24:
3654:Historic Centre of Macau
3540:Archaeological Ruins of
3384:Great Qing Treasure Note
3204:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2914:Administrative divisions
2731:Administrative divisions
2659:Flag of the Qing dynasty
2054:Great Ming Treasure Note
1933:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
1716:Administrative divisions
1519:Prince of Ning rebellion
1305:Advisory Body Evaluation
1094:41.852528Ā°N 123.427500Ā°E
1067:Tomb of the Qing dynasty
1036:41.830000Ā°N 123.590556Ā°E
976:41.710111Ā°N 124.802444Ā°E
3846:Ancient City of Pingyao
3816:Chengde Mountain Resort
2980:Chengde Mountain Resort
2781:Three Eastern Provinces
2431:First Sino-Japanese War
2406:Northern Chinese Famine
2265:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
2163:Qing invasion of Joseon
1873:The Hundred-word Eulogy
1539:Great Rites Controversy
1393:Ming conquest of Yunnan
3822:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
3719:Chengjiang Fossil Site
3673:Historic Monuments of
3361:Great Qing Copper Coin
3249:Convention of Tientsin
3182:Annotated Bibliography
3130:Qing official headwear
2173:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1911:Palaces and Mausoleums
1901:Ming Veritable Records
1549:Luso-Chinese agreement
914:32.07972Ā°N 118.83972Ā°E
856:32.07500Ā°N 118.83500Ā°E
798:32.06806Ā°N 118.83250Ā°E
740:32.06667Ā°N 118.83083Ā°E
682:32.06417Ā°N 118.83306Ā°E
624:32.06222Ā°N 118.83167Ā°E
567:32.06028Ā°N 118.83444Ā°E
506:40.26944Ā°N 116.24444Ā°E
3793:Three Parallel Rivers
3597:Cemetery of Confucius
3435:Draft History of Qing
3294:Treaty of Shimonoseki
3075:performance criticism
2679:Imperial Commissioner
2669:Great Qing Legal Code
2468:Eight-Nation Alliance
2451:Third plague pandemic
2361:PuntiāHakka Clan Wars
2285:White Lotus Rebellion
2006:Yongning Temple Stele
1743:Imperial Commissioner
1468:Reign of Ren and Xuan
1428:Ming treasure voyages
1418:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
1099:41.852528; 123.427500
1041:41.830000; 123.590556
981:41.710111; 124.802444
3871:Beijing Central Axis
3685:Gaocheng Observatory
3366:Great Qing Gold Coin
3299:Treaty of Tarbagatai
3244:Convention of Peking
3124:Pentaglot Dictionary
3106:Literary inquisition
2816:Ever Victorious Army
2649:Deliberative Council
2553:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
2506:1905 Batang uprising
2446:Hundred Days' Reform
2336:Small Swords Society
1605:Sino-Dutch conflicts
1504:Rebellion of Cao Qin
1433:MingāTurpan conflict
1383:Red Turban Rebellion
1216:Tomb of Genghis Khan
1148:Other Imperial tombs
596:Tomb of Chang Yuchun
130:World Heritage Sites
3989:Badain Jaran Desert
3985:of China (Phase II)
3758:Leshan Giant Buddha
3601:Kong Family Mansion
3419:Anti-Qing sentiment
3269:Treaty of the Bogue
3209:Treaty of Nerchinsk
3141:Complete Tang Poems
2821:Green Standard Army
2704:Provincial governor
2674:Imperial Clan Court
2654:Diplomatic missions
2629:Consultative Bureau
2376:Tongzhi Restoration
2255:Afaqi Khoja revolts
2235:Ten Great Campaigns
2143:Jurchen unification
1952:Society and Culture
1887:Yongle Encyclopedia
1726:Imperial Clan Court
1669:Kingdom of Tungning
1622:Jurchen unification
1554:Jiajing wokou raids
1443:Battle of Palembang
1408:Battle of Buir Lake
1224:Valley of the Kings
1220:Valley of the Kings
1090: /
1032: /
1007:of the Qing dynasty
972: /
945:of the Qing dynasty
919:32.07972; 118.83972
910: /
861:32.07500; 118.83500
852: /
803:32.06806; 118.83250
794: /
745:32.06667; 118.83083
736: /
687:32.06417; 118.83306
678: /
629:32.06222; 118.83167
620: /
572:32.06028; 118.83444
563: /
511:40.26944; 116.24444
502: /
441: /
382: /
321: /
246:ShĆØng JÄ«ng SÄn LĆng
108:traditional Chinese
21:
3826:Xumi Fushou Temple
3724:Dazu Rock Carvings
3574:of China (Phase I)
3304:Treaty of Tientsin
3015:Western Qing tombs
3010:Eastern Qing tombs
2836:Peking Field Force
2580:Manchu Restoration
2473:Declaration of war
2426:Jindandao incident
2245:Lhasa riot of 1750
1801:Military conquests
1647:Peasant rebellions
1524:Capture of Malacca
1499:Defense of Beijing
1413:Lin Kuan rebellion
484:Changping District
445:39.333Ā°N 115.217Ā°E
415:Western Qing Tombs
386:41.183Ā°N 117.633Ā°E
354:Eastern Qing Tombs
325:31.017Ā°N 112.650Ā°E
211:Western Qing Tombs
207:Eastern Qing Tombs
100:simplified Chinese
19:
3997:
3996:
3958:South China Karst
3922:Xinjiang Tianshan
3681:Shaolin Monastery
3491:
3490:
3402:
3401:
3314:Treaty of Whampoa
3309:Treaty of Wanghia
3284:Treaty of Nanking
3254:LiāLobanov Treaty
3229:Chefoo Convention
3224:Burlingame Treaty
3095:Kangxi Dictionary
3000:Old Summer Palace
2831:Firearm Battalion
2634:Cup of Solid Gold
2588:
2587:
2533:Manchurian plague
2496:Late Qing reforms
2487:(1901–1912)
2421:Sikkim expedition
2351:Panthay Rebellion
2321:Taiping Rebellion
2297:(1801–1900)
2275:Sino-Nepalese War
2220:DzungarāQing Wars
2206:(1683–1799)
2134:(1616–1683)
2080:
2079:
1789:Gunpowder weapons
1748:Grand coordinator
1711:Grand Secretariat
1677:
1676:
1571:(1572–1683)
1480:(1435–1572)
1448:Battle of Kherlen
1398:MingāMong Mao War
1388:Wu Mian rebellion
1374:(1368–1435)
1145:
1144:
222:Mandate of Heaven
149:Liaoning Province
93:
92:
4037:
3936:Multiple regions
3866:Yungang Grottoes
3856:Temple of Heaven
3832:
3784:
3687:
3669:Longmen Grottoes
3649:Wudang Mountains
3633:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3468:New Qing History
3351:Qianlong Tongbao
3329:
3328:
3274:Treaty of Canton
3214:Unequal treaties
3020:Fuling Mausoleum
2619:Advisory Council
2548:Wuchang Uprising
2488:
2391:Tianjin Massacre
2356:Second Opium War
2298:
2260:Sino-Burmese War
2207:
2185:Battle of Penghu
2153:Seven Grievances
2135:
2128:
2127:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2084:
2083:
1880:Huang-Ming Zuxun
1652:Jiashen Incident
1642:She-An Rebellion
1627:Seven Grievances
1600:Donglin movement
1585:Bozhou rebellion
1572:
1481:
1458:Lam Sʔn uprising
1438:MingāÄįŗ”i Ngu War
1423:Jingnan campaign
1375:
1368:
1367:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
987:
986:
984:
983:
982:
977:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
925:
924:
922:
921:
920:
915:
911:
908:
907:
906:
903:
867:
866:
864:
863:
862:
857:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
809:
808:
806:
805:
804:
799:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
751:
750:
748:
747:
746:
741:
737:
734:
733:
732:
729:
693:
692:
690:
689:
688:
683:
679:
676:
675:
674:
671:
635:
634:
632:
631:
630:
625:
621:
618:
617:
616:
613:
578:
577:
575:
574:
573:
568:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
517:
516:
514:
513:
512:
507:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
456:
455:
453:
452:
451:
446:
442:
439:
438:
437:
434:
397:
396:
394:
393:
392:
387:
383:
380:
379:
378:
375:
336:
335:
333:
332:
331:
326:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
260:
259:
247:
238:
122:
113:
105:
28:
22:
18:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3931:
3927:Qinghai Hoh Xil
3898:
3875:
3819:
3797:
3775:
3763:Mount Qingcheng
3705:
3678:
3634:
3625:
3527:
3522:
3492:
3487:
3483:Willow Palisade
3429:Chuang Guandong
3398:
3370:
3320:
3279:Treaty of Kulja
3264:Treaty of Aigun
3197:
3189:
3088:History of Ming
3040:
3034:
2972:
2966:
2892:Special regions
2887:
2826:Imperial Guards
2792:
2584:
2543:1911 Revolution
2489:
2486:
2479:
2456:Boxer Rebellion
2416:Sino-French War
2366:Amur Annexation
2311:First Opium War
2299:
2296:
2289:
2208:
2205:
2196:
2180:Great Clearance
2136:
2133:
2117:
2111:
2081:
2076:
2071:History of Ming
2058:
2025:
1947:
1923:Chaotian Palace
1906:
1866:History of Yuan
1853:
1810:
1767:
1673:
1573:
1570:
1563:
1559:Single whip law
1534:Ningbo incident
1509:Miao rebellions
1482:
1479:
1472:
1376:
1373:
1357:
1351:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1232:
1176:
1150:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1018:
980:
978:
974:
971:
966:
963:
961:
959:
958:
918:
916:
912:
909:
904:
901:
899:
897:
896:
860:
858:
854:
851:
846:
843:
841:
839:
838:
802:
800:
796:
793:
788:
785:
783:
781:
780:
744:
742:
738:
735:
730:
727:
725:
723:
722:
686:
684:
680:
677:
672:
669:
667:
665:
664:
628:
626:
622:
619:
614:
611:
609:
607:
606:
571:
569:
565:
562:
557:
554:
552:
550:
549:
510:
508:
504:
501:
496:
493:
491:
489:
488:
450:39.333; 115.217
449:
447:
443:
440:
435:
432:
430:
428:
427:
391:41.183; 117.633
390:
388:
384:
381:
376:
373:
371:
369:
368:
330:31.017; 112.650
329:
327:
323:
320:
315:
312:
310:
308:
307:
284:Year inscribed
255:
213:
205:Main articles:
203:
184:
176:Main articles:
174:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4043:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3836:Forbidden City
3833:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3776:including the
3769:
3760:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3679:including the
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3604:
3590:
3588:Wuyi Mountains
3585:
3580:
3575:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Kangxi Tongbao
3343:
3337:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Boxer Protocol
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2985:Forbidden City
2982:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2948:General of Ili
2945:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2931:List of ambans
2928:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:Margary Affair
2393:
2388:
2386:Mudan incident
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Nian Rebellion
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:Yongle Tongbao
2044:
2042:Hongwu Tongbao
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1918:Forbidden City
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1806:Nine Garrisons
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1590:Ordos campaign
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1453:MingāKotte War
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1293:External links
1291:
1288:
1287:
1266:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1222:, and Tibet's
1208:Naqsh-e Rustam
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:Chinese burial
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1161:Ming Huangling
1154:Hongwu Emperor
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
991:
988:
956:
951:
946:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
894:
891:
888:
882:
878:
877:
874:
871:
868:
836:
833:
830:
824:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
778:
775:
772:
766:
762:
761:
758:
755:
752:
720:
717:
714:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
662:
659:
656:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
604:
601:
598:
593:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
547:
542:
537:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
518:
486:
481:
476:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
425:
420:
417:
412:
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
366:
361:
356:
351:
347:
346:
343:
340:
337:
305:
300:
295:
290:
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
254:
251:
202:
199:
195:Hubei Province
187:Hongwu Emperor
173:
170:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
49:
43:
42:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4042:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3894:Mukden Palace
3892:
3890:
3889:Koguryo sites
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:Summer Palace
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3830:Puning Temple
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3772:Potala Palace
3770:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3640:South Central
3637:
3632:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3578:Mount Sanqing
3576:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Liangzhu City
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Manchu people
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Canton System
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Hubu Guanpiao
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:Society &
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Summer Palace
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Mukden Palace
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:Palaces &
2969:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
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2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
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2939:
2936:
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2919:
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2907:
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2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Eight Banners
2809:
2807:
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2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
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2779:
2777:
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2725:
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2717:
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2712:
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2707:
2705:
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2700:
2697:
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2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Grand Council
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
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2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
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2600:
2599:
2597:
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2591:
2581:
2578:
2576:
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2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
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2541:
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2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2484:20th century
2482:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
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2439:
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2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
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2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
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2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
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2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2294:19th century
2292:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Ming Xiaoling
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
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1807:
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1802:
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1777:
1776:
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1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:Vassal prince
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:Eastern Depot
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Southern Ming
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
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1623:
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1611:
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1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
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1581:
1578:
1577:
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1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
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1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1214:, Mongolia's
1213:
1212:Sacred Valley
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:Han Changling
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1085:123Ā°25ā²39.0ā³E
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1027:123Ā°35ā²26.0ā³E
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
967:124Ā°48ā²08.8ā³E
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
944:
943:Yongling Tomb
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
923:
895:
892:
889:
887:
883:
880:
879:
875:
872:
865:
837:
834:
831:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
807:
779:
776:
773:
771:
767:
764:
763:
759:
749:
721:
718:
715:
713:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
691:
663:
660:
657:
655:
651:
648:
647:
643:
640:
633:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
591:
590:
586:
576:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
535:Xiaoling Tomb
533:
530:
529:
525:
515:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
469:
468:
464:
454:
426:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
410:
409:
405:
395:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
349:
348:
344:
334:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
293:Xianling Tomb
291:
288:
287:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
266:Tomb or group
265:
263:Serial ID No.
262:
261:
258:
250:
248:
242:
234:
229:
225:
223:
219:
212:
208:
198:
196:
192:
188:
183:
182:Ming Xiaoling
179:
169:
167:
162:
161:Zhaoling tomb
158:
154:
153:Yongling tomb
150:
145:
143:
140:dynasties of
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
117:
109:
101:
97:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
48:
44:
41:
38:
36:
32:
29:
23:
3952:
3948:China Danxia
3904:Northwestern
3711:Southwestern
3552:Fujian tulou
3478:Treaty ports
3440:
3433:
3407:Other topics
3180:
3173:
3151:
3139:
3122:
3117:Peiwen Yunfu
3115:
3093:
3086:
3057:
3029:
2806:Beiyang Army
2788:Zongli Yamen
2644:Da-Qing Bank
2461:Red Lanterns
2114:Qing dynasty
2069:
2063:Other topics
1974:Four Masters
1942:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1704:House of Zhu
1657:Shanhai Pass
1637:Great Plague
1580:Jianzhou war
1354:Ming dynasty
1281:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1252:
1151:
1137:
1132:
1119:
1082:41Ā°51ā²09.1ā³N
1024:41Ā°49ā²48.0ā³N
964:41Ā°42ā²36.4ā³N
256:
244:
230:
226:
214:
185:
146:
119:
95:
94:
3963:Grand Canal
3917:Mogao Caves
3841:Zhoukoudian
3811:Mount Wutai
3782:Norbulingka
3729:Fanjingshan
3659:Shennongjia
3414:Aisin Gioro
3376:Paper money
3135:Qing poetry
2856:Wuwei Corps
2851:Shuishiying
2612:Family tree
2016:Tai history
1699:Family tree
1610:Liaoluo Bay
1544:Renyin plot
1494:Tumu Crisis
1167:Ming Zuling
1138:234,294,400
1097: /
1039: /
1005:Fuling Tomb
979: /
917: /
905:118Ā°50ā²23ā³E
886:Li Wenzhong
859: /
847:118Ā°50ā²06ā³E
801: /
789:118Ā°49ā²57ā³E
743: /
731:118Ā°49ā²51ā³E
685: /
673:118Ā°49ā²59ā³E
627: /
615:118Ā°49ā²54ā³E
570: /
558:118Ā°50ā²04ā³E
509: /
497:116Ā°14ā²40ā³E
448: /
389: /
328: /
281:Buffer (mĀ²)
275:Coordinates
218:Han Chinese
157:Fuling tomb
69:2000 (24th
66:Inscription
4004:Categories
3979:Yellow Sea
3973:Tusi Sites
3968:Silk Roads
3943:Great Wall
3820:including
3767:Dujiangyan
3754:Mount Emei
3744:Jiuzhaigou
3696:Wulingyuan
3568:Yellow Sea
3082:Four Wangs
2973:mausoleums
2926:Golden Urn
2899:Inner Asia
2876:Xiang Army
2846:Hushenying
2771:Liangguang
2751:Liangjiang
2689:Lifan Yuan
2594:Government
1984:Zhe School
1938:Ming tombs
1822:Inner Asia
1794:Shenjiying
1784:Great Wall
1682:Government
1230:References
1218:, Egypt's
1133:34,379,400
993:13,439,400
902:32Ā°04ā²47ā³N
844:32Ā°04ā²30ā³N
786:32Ā°04ā²05ā³N
728:32Ā°04ā²00ā³N
670:32Ā°03ā²51ā³N
612:32Ā°03ā²44ā³N
555:32Ā°03ā²37ā³N
523:81,000,000
494:40Ā°16ā²10ā³N
474:Ming Tombs
462:47,580,000
459:18,420,000
403:78,000,000
303:Zhongxiang
201:Qing Tombs
191:Ming tombs
178:Ming Tombs
172:Ming Tombs
81:2003, 2004
78:Extensions
3983:Bohai Sea
3881:Northeast
3739:Huanglong
3616:West Lake
3583:Mount Tai
3572:Bohai Sea
3562:Huangshan
2904:Manchuria
2871:Huai Army
2861:Yong Ying
2746:Shaan-Gan
2202:High Qing
2148:Later Jin
1979:Wu School
1964:Musicians
1827:Manchuria
1815:Frontiers
1210:, Peru's
1206:Persia's
1111:3,187,400
1053:7,023,600
990:2,365,900
757:1,800,000
654:Qiu Cheng
584:1,800,000
581:1,160,000
520:8,230,000
423:Yi County
400:2,240,000
342:2,264,000
278:Area (mĀ²)
168:culture.
56:Reference
3675:Dengfeng
3621:Kulangsu
3356:Hongqian
3325:Currency
3195:Treaties
3101:Kaozheng
3048:Booi Aha
2990:Hetu Ala
2943:Timeline
2938:Xinjiang
2909:Mongolia
2866:Chu Army
2841:New Army
2798:Military
2736:Viceroys
2030:Currency
1969:Painting
1779:Military
1772:Military
1184:fengshui
1174:See also
1073:Shenyang
1070:Liaoning
1065:Zhaoling
1061:1004-014
1014:Shenyang
1010:Liaoning
1001:1004-013
949:Liaoning
939:1004-012
884:Tomb of
881:1004-011
826:Tomb of
823:1004-010
768:Tomb of
765:1004-009
712:Wu Liang
710:Tomb of
707:1004-008
652:Tomb of
649:1004-007
592:1004-006
531:1004-005
470:1004-004
436:115Ā°13ā²E
411:1004-003
377:117Ā°38ā²E
350:1004-002
316:112Ā°39ā²E
289:1004-001
272:Location
269:Province
159:and the
47:Criteria
35:Location
3778:Jokhang
3749:Lijiang
3611:Hongcun
3603:in Qufu
3341:Zhiqian
3333:Coinage
3070:Economy
3041:culture
2776:Yun-Gui
2766:Min-Zhe
2761:Sichuan
2756:Huguang
2602:Emperor
2123:History
2037:Coinage
2011:Economy
1839:Vietnam
1731:Princes
1689:Emperor
1477:Middle
1363:History
1108:478,900
1050:538,600
893:Nanjing
890:Jiangsu
835:Nanjing
832:Jiangsu
777:Nanjing
774:Jiangsu
770:Wu Zhen
719:Nanjing
716:Jiangsu
661:Nanjing
658:Jiangsu
603:Nanjing
600:Jiangsu
545:Nanjing
540:Jiangsu
479:Beijing
433:39Ā°20ā²N
374:41Ā°11ā²N
339:876,000
313:31Ā°01ā²N
233:Chinese
71:Session
60:1004ter
3861:Xanadu
3609:, and
3593:Temple
3557:Lushan
2955:Taiwan
2131:Early
2116:topics
1959:Poetry
1849:Yunnan
1371:Early
1356:topics
1259:10 Apr
1182:&
954:Fushun
931:
873:
815:
699:
641:
364:Zunhua
243::
241:pinyin
235::
166:Manchu
155:, the
126:UNESCO
118::
116:pinyin
112:ęęø
ē家éµåÆ¢
110::
104:ęęø
ē家éµåÆ
102::
3803:North
3701:Yinxu
3147:Queue
3065:Dibao
2921:Tibet
2741:Zhili
2624:Amban
2021:Islam
1844:Wokou
1832:Tibet
1763:Fotou
1632:Sarhū
1568:Late
1278:(PDF)
1120:Total
1114:2004
1056:2004
996:2004
934:2003
928:8,700
876:2003
870:8,500
828:Xu Da
818:2003
812:3,500
760:2003
754:4,000
702:2003
696:5,500
644:2003
638:9,800
587:2003
526:2003
465:2000
419:Hebei
406:2000
359:Hebei
345:2000
298:Hubei
142:China
3828:and
3780:and
3765:and
3756:and
3683:and
3607:Xidi
3599:and
3595:and
3533:East
2883:Navy
2724:Ejen
2607:List
1758:Tusi
1694:List
1261:2021
237:ēäŗ¬äøéµ
209:and
180:and
138:Qing
136:and
134:Ming
86:Area
4006::
3824:,
3818:,
3774:,
3677:,
1280:.
1251:.
1238:^
239:;
144:.
114:;
106:;
3981:ā
3570:ā
3517:e
3510:t
3503:v
2106:e
2099:t
2092:v
1346:e
1339:t
1332:v
1263:.
98:(
73:)
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