2968:, thereby removing the possible Whitesmiths disadvantage of braces not standing out from the block. One disadvantage is that the ending brace no longer lines up with the statement it conceptually belongs to. Another possible disadvantage is that it might waste space by using two visual levels of indents for one conceptual level, but in reality this is unlikely because, in systems with single-level indentation, each level is usually at least 4 spaces, same as 2 * 2 spaces in GNU style.
4535:
4239:
4136:
2550:. Blocks are clearly set apart from control statements. The alignment of the braces with the block emphasizes that the full block is conceptually, and programmatically, one compound statement. Indenting the braces emphasizes that they are subordinate to the control statement. The ending brace no longer lines up with the statement, but instead with the opening brace.
4335:
In more complicated code, the programmer may lose track of block boundaries while reading the code. This is often experienced in large sections of code containing many compound statements nested to many levels of indentation. As the programmer scrolls to the bottom of a huge set of nested statements,
1607:) is kept at eight columns, while a soft tabulator is often defined as a helper also (sw in vi), and set at four. The hard tabulators are used to indent code blocks, while a soft tabulator (four spaces) of additional indentation is used for all continuing lines that must be split over multiple lines.
176:
statements where non-indented code required on average 179% more time to read than indented code. A follow up-experiment by
Hanenberg et al. confirmed a large effect (although in that experiment non-indented code just took 113% more time to read) and revealed that the differences in reading times can
3181:
The advantages and disadvantages are similar to those of saving screen real estate with K&R style. An added advantage is that the starting and closing braces are consistent in application (both share space with a line of code), relative to K&R style, where one brace shares space with a line
2990:
command will reformat code according to this style by default. Those who do not use GNU Emacs, or similarly extensible/customisable editors, may find that the automatic indentation settings of their editor are unhelpful for this style. However, many editors defaulting to KNF style cope well with the
1595:
The SunOS kernel and userland uses a similar indentation style. Like KNF, this also was based on AT&T style documents and is sometimes termed Bill Joy Normal Form. The SunOS guideline was published in 1996; ANSI C is discussed briefly. The correctness of the indentation of a list of source files
775:
In this style, a function has its opening and closing braces on their own lines and with the same indentation as the declaration, while the statements in the body of the function are indented an additional level. A multi-statement block inside a function, however, has its opening brace on the same
716:
Wrapping single-statement blocks in braces. Advocates cite the advantage that resulting code is safer since inserting a statement cannot result in control flow that disagrees with indentation. A cited disadvantage is that the code is longer since one line is needed for the closing brace of a block
3367:
is sometimes characterized as C code indented by a Lisp programmer, one might even go so far as to insert closing braces together in the last line of a block. This style makes indentation the only way to distinguish blocks of code, but has the advantage of containing no uninformative lines. This
2429:
Allman-8 uses the 8-space indentation tabs and 80-column limit of the Linux Kernel variant of K&R. The style purportedly helps improve readability on projectors. Also, the indentation size and column restriction help create a visual cue for identifying excessive nesting of code blocks. These
1031:
Cited advantages include shorter code (than K&R) since the starting brace needs no extra line, that the ending brace lines up with the statement it conceptually belongs to, and the perceived stylistic consistency of using the same brace style in both function bodies and multi-line statement
2242:
and the closing brace lines up in the same column as the opening brace. Some people feel this makes it easy to find matching braces. The blocking style also delineates the block of code from the associated control statement. Commenting out or removing a control statement or block of code, or
3379:; function arguments are mostly indented to the same level to illustrate their shared status within the enclosing expression. This is also because, braces aside, Lisp is conventionally a very terse language, omitting even common forms of simple boilerplate code as uninformative, such as the
3368:
could easily be called the Lisp style because this style is very common in Lisp code. In Lisp, the grouping of identical braces at the end of expression trees is meant to signify that it is not the user's job to visually track nesting levels, only to understand the structure of the tree.
4103:, can be configured to either store tab characters when entered via the tab key or to convert them to spaces (based on the configured tab width) so that tab characters are not added to the file when the tab key is pressed. Some editors can convert tab to space characters and vice versa.
3218:
of any block are the only thing exdented at that level (the theory being that the closing control of the prior block interferes with the visual flow of the next block header in the K&R and Allman styles). Kernighan and
Plauger use this style in the Ratfor code in
2991:
GNU style when the tab width is set to two spaces; likewise, GNU Emacs adapts well to KNF style by simply setting the tab width to eight spaces. In both cases, automatic reformatting destroys the original spacing, but automatic line indenting will work properly.
171:
Despite the ubiquitous use of indentation styles, little research has been conducted on its value. First experiments, conducted by
Weissman in 1974, did not show any effect. In 2023, an experiment by Morzeck et al. showed a significant positive effect for nested
3780:
sections and the program text in general, but the style is commonly used for lists, records and other syntactic elements made up of some pair of parentheses or braces, which are separated with commas or semicolons. If code following the keywords
1023:
Although not required by languages such as C/C++, using braces for single-statement blocks ensures that inserting a statement does not result in control flow that disagrees with indenting, as seen for example in Apple's infamous
4060:
Programmers lack consensus on storing tab characters. Proponents of storing tab characters cite ease of typing and smaller text files since a single tab character serves the purpose of multiple spaces. Opponents, such as
3346:
The following styles are common for various languages derived from C that are both significantly similar and dissimilar. And, they can be adapted to C as well. They might be applied to C code written as part of a project
2854:
code. In Lisp, the equivalent to a block (a progn) is a first-class data entity, and giving it its own indentation level helps to emphasize that, whereas in C, a block is only syntax. This style can also be found in some
4595:
The K&R style prevents the common error caused by inserting a line of code after a control statement – before the open brace. The inserted line causes the block to become disassociated from the control statement.
2842:
style puts braces on a line by themselves, indented by two spaces, except when opening a function definition, where they are not indented. In either case, the contained code is indented by two spaces from the braces.
1241:
code uses a variant of the K&R style in which the opening brace is on the same line not only for the blocks inside a function, but also for class or method declarations. This style is widespread largely because
4367:, a large indentation can be used, such as an 8-unit-wide hard tab, along with breaking up large functions into smaller and more readable functions. Linux is done this way, while using the K&R style.
3162:
by keeping the vertical alignment of the braces for readability, and identifying blocks easily, with the saving of a line of the K&R style. However, the 2003 edition now uses Allman style throughout.
2472:
2082:
This style puts the brace associated with a control statement on the next line, indented to the same level as the control statement. Statements within the braces are indented to the next level.
4046:
Typically, a programmer uses a text editor that provides tab stops at fixed intervals (a number of spaces), to assist in maintaining whitespace according to a style. The interval is called the
3910:
In addition to APL style C indentation, typically the names are shortened to either single or double characters: To reduce the amount of indentation, and expressions spanning multiple lines.
3214:
as K&R is to Allman, the closing control is indented the same as the last item in the list (and thus properly loses salience) The style can make visual scanning easier for some, since the
3001:, advises against using this style: he marks a code sample which uses it with a "Coding Horror" icon, symbolizing especially dangerous code, and states that it impedes readability. The
937:(abbreviated 1TBS or OTBS) is like the K&R style, but functions are formatted like multi-statement blocks with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration, and braces are
3202:, discussed a style that is like 1TBS but the closing brace lines up with the indentation of the nested block. He indicated that the style was originally documented in material from
771:
The position of braces is less important, although people hold passionate beliefs. We have chosen one of several popular styles. Pick a style that suits you, then use it consistently.
2444:
3371:
The traditional Lisp variant of this style prefers extremely narrow levels of indentation (typically two spaces) because Lisp code usually nests very deeply since Lisp features only
1079:
A single-statement body of a compound statement (such as if, while, and do-while) does not need to be surrounded by curly braces. If, however, one or more of the substatements in an
4027:
An experiment performed on PASCAL code in 1983, found that indentation size significantly affected comprehensibility. Indentation sizes between 2 and 4 characters proved optimal.
185:
The table below includes code examples of various indentation styles. For consistency, indentation size for example code is 4 spaces even though this varies by coding convention.
4225:
is a tabulation style which requires support from the text editor, where entire blocks of text are kept automatically aligned when the length of one line in the block changes.
4354:
Programmers who rely on counting the opening braces may have difficulty with indentation styles such as K&R, where the starting brace is not visually separated from its
3625:
layout can make the placement of braces optional, although braces and semicolons are allowed in the language. The two segments below are equally acceptable to the compiler:
2494:
This style puts the brace associated with a control statement on the next line, indented. Statements within the braces are indented to the same level as the braces.
734:
The
Kernighan & Ritchie (K&R) style is commonly used for C and C++ code and is the basis for many derivative styles. It is used in the original Unix kernel,
911:
braces of the multi-line blocks are nicknamed "Egyptian braces" (or "Egyptian brackets") for their resemblance to arms in some fanciful poses of ancient
Egyptians.
1035:
Sources disagree as to the meaning of One True Brace Style. Some say that it is the variation specified here, while others say it is "hacker jargon" for K&R.
4050:. Sometimes the programmer stores the code with tab characters – one for each tab key press or they store a sequence of spaces equal in number to the tab width.
5327:
2462:
177:
be explained by the code that can be skipped (for indented code). In another experiment on JSON objects non-indented code took even 544% more time to read.
2247:, are all less likely to introduce syntax errors via dangling or missing braces. Also, it is consistent with brace placement for the outer-function block.
1634:
is used with parens). Functions that declare no local variables in their top-level block should also leave an empty line after their opening block brace.
6129:
3907:
programming language is implemented in this style as well. Notably, not all implementations of APL use this style of C, namely: GNU APL and Dyalog APL.
3005:
coding style documentation also recommends against this style, urging readers to burn a copy of the GNU coding standards as a "great symbolic gesture".
1557:. Also, in this style, while the opening brace of a function starts on a new line, the opening brace of a class is on the same line as the class name.
4402:
key) could then be used to place the text cursor on the next brace, given a suitable coding style. Instead, inspecting the block boundaries using the
4358:. Programmers who rely more on indentations will gain more from styles that are vertically compact, such as K&R, because the blocks are shorter.
1066:
Brace layout matches K&R with open and close on their own lines and multi-statement open on same line as the control clause, separated by a space
2866:
Although not indentation per se, GNU coding style also includes a space after a function name – before the left parenthesis of an argument list.
2453:
2449:
2438:
The
Whitesmiths style, also sometimes termed Wishart style, was originally used in the documentation for the first commercial C compiler, the
3175:
by its designers. Pico lacks return statements, and uses semicolons as statement separators instead of terminators. It yields this syntax:
4024:
Typically, programmers use the same width of whitespace to indent each block of code with commonly used widths varying from 1 to 4 spaces.
3021:
by placing the first statement of a block on the same line as the opening brace. This style is also used in examples in Jensen and Wirth's
5435:
5102:
5026:"Indentation and reading time: a randomized control trial on the differences between generated indented and non-indented if-statements"
2457:
5770:
Ohno, Asako (2013). "A methodology to teach exemplary coding style considering students' coding style feature contains fluctuations".
2238:
Consequences of this style are that the indented code is clearly set apart from the containing statement by lines that are almost all
102:
for a programmer to understand the structure of the code. Indentation can clarify the separation between the code executed based on
5359:
5067:"Indentation and Reading Time: A Controlled Experiment on the Differences Between Generated Indented and Non-indented JSON Objects"
1560:
Stroustrup allows writing short functions all on one line. Stroustrup style is a named indentation style available in the editor
4903:
4303:
3199:
141:
4275:
2442:
Compiler. It was also popular in the early days of
Windows, since it was used in three influential Windows programming books,
6204:
5824:
5590:
5086:
5004:
4395:
4057:
in code can cause visual misalignment when viewed in different contexts, which counters the value of the indentation style.
71:(indentation size) before each line of a block, so that the lines of code appear to be related, and dictates whether to use
4982:
Indentation in Source Code: A Randomized
Control Trial on the Readability of Control Flows in Java Code with Large Effects
3895:
style C resembles the terse style of APL code, and is commonly used in their implementations. This style was pioneered by
5300:
5073:. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 2104. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 50–75.
4282:
3896:
4556:
4256:
4157:
4076:
coding standards, state the opposite: that hard tabs increase portability. A survey of the top 400,000 repositories on
5517:
6220:
6196:
6167:
5879:
5787:
5683:
5658:
5180:
4582:
4322:
4183:
754:
5334:
4564:
4165:
3801:
For an example of how terse APL typically is, here is the implementation of the step function for the Game of Life:
1588:
code. It is essentially a thoroughly documented variant of K&R style as used in the Bell Labs
Version 6 & 7
5672:
Introduction to ALGOL – A primer for the non-specialist, emphasizing the practical uses of the algorithmic language
4289:
692:
5638:"My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs (Transcript of speech at the International Lisp Conference)"
1610:
Moreover, function calls do not use a space before the parenthesis, although C-language native statements such as
129:). A programmer must conform to the language's indentation rules although may be free to choose indentation size.
6252:
5157:
Braces follow the
Kernighan and Ritchie style ("Egyptian brackets") for nonempty blocks and block-like constructs
4517:
can hide (fold) and reveal (unfold) blocks by indentation level. Some editors highlight matching braces when the
5730:
Tested on the sample source code above on Ubuntu 18.04 with GNU indent 2.2.11 and GNU Emacs 25.2.2 started with
776:
line as its control clause while the closing brace remains on its own line unless followed by a keyword such as
4560:
4260:
4161:
3622:
2076:
1577:
1279:
144:, but a convention used for one language can be adapted to another language. For example, a language that uses
5152:
4370:
Some text editors allow the programmer to jump between the two corresponding braces of a block. For example,
4271:
2430:
advantages combine to help provide newer developers and learners implicit guidance to manage code complexity.
1246:'s original style guides used this K&R variant, and as a result, most of the standard source code for the
6282:
3918:
3372:
2132:
110:
4746:
K&R style avoids this problem by keeping the control statement and the opening brace on the same line.
3376:
114:
17:
5069:. In Fill, Hans-Georg; Domínguez Mayo, Francisco José; van Sinderen, Marten; Maciaszek, Leszek A. (eds.).
6014:
4980:
3172:
2851:
1238:
160:
4915:
3892:
763:
744:
117:, use indentation to determine the structure instead of using braces or keywords; this is termed the
4909:
56:
31:
6107:
5238:
5921:
5286:
4545:
4146:
3904:
3900:
5140:] term for K&R indent style, referring to the "one hand up in front, one down behind" pose
4409:
Another way to maintain block awareness, is to use comments after the closing brace. For example:
1286:
Unlike the variants above, Stroustrup does not use a "cuddled else". Thus, Stroustrup would write
6036:
Miara, Richard J.; Musselman, Joyce A.; Navarro, Juan A. & Shneiderman, Ben (November 1983).
4549:
4518:
4249:
4150:
1025:
920:
919:
A single-statement block does not have braces, which is a cause of easy-to-miss bugs such as the
133:
126:
94:. As the name implies, such language code need not follow an indentation style. Indentation is a
6188:
C Style: Standards and Guidelines: Defining Programming Standards for Professional C Programmers
5106:
5066:
3210:
style, possibly for the resemblance to a banner hanging from a pole. In this style, which is to
1076:
Maximum line length is 100 characters although the pre-2020 limit of 80 characters is preferred.
6277:
5662:
5609:
5025:
4510:
A disadvantage is maintaining the same code in multiple locations – above and below the block.
4296:
3774:
5391:
5466:
5170:
4953:
4922:
4344:
908:
68:
6210:
5582:
2497:
Like Ratliff style, the closing brace is indented the same as statements within the braces.
6287:
5614:
2972:
2825:
2239:
2079:
Unix (although this should not be confused with the different "BSD KNF style"; see above).
1585:
91:
40:
5543:
4374:
jumps to the brace enclosing the same block as the one under the cursor when pressing the
8:
6037:
5676:
4898:
4336:
they may lose track of context – such as the control structure at the top of the block.
3773:
In Haskell, layout can replace braces. Usually the braces and semicolons are omitted for
72:
60:
5980:
5366:
5065:
Hanenberg, Stefan; Morzeck, Johannes; Werger, Ole; Gries, Stefan; Gruhn, Volker (2024).
3355:
to the project's core code overrides considerations of using more conventional C style.
1564:. Stroustrup encourages a K&R-derived style layout with C++ as stated in his modern
6060:
5813:
5793:
5495:
5417:
4893:
1581:
1247:
95:
88:
5264:
4985:. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Software Technologies - ICSOFT.
6200:
6192:
6163:
6156:
6130:"400,000 GitHub repositories, 1 billion files, 14 terabytes of code: Spaces or Tabs?"
5875:
5820:
5783:
5719:
5689:
5679:
5670:
5586:
5176:
5082:
5047:
5000:
4957:
4943:
1270:
52:
48:
6215:
6064:
5895:
5797:
6244:
6052:
6005:
5775:
5575:
5074:
5037:
4990:
4965:
4371:
4222:
4096:
3203:
2847:
2244:
1604:
1243:
1073:
statement are aligned with the enclosing block (there is only one level of indents)
5868:
5758:
767:
does not explicitly define this style, it follows it consistently. From the book:
121:. In such languages, indentation is meaningful to the language processor (such as
6009:
5570:
2994:
2467:
735:
711:
5078:
5666:
5042:
4514:
4107:
4066:
4062:
1048:
739:
99:
6236:
6086:
5213:
4961:
4196:
A tool can automate formatting code per an indentation style, for example the
3921:
does not use braces. The indentation defines the blocks in what is called the
1083:
statement require braces, then both substatements should be wrapped in braces:
6271:
5779:
5196:
5051:
4995:
4201:
4115:
4054:
3922:
2998:
2987:
1056:
749:
707:
137:
118:
76:
6260:
5841:
4945:
A Methodology For Studying The Psychological Complexity of Computer Programs
5955:
5010:
4743:
loop and executes only once. Further, the comment on line 5 becomes wrong.
4666:
will be called 10 times. Then, it is modified by adding a new second line:
4355:
3002:
2477:
2136:
1584:(KNF). Although mostly intended for kernel code, it is also widely used in
1251:
1044:
700:
103:
5111:
Using either "Egyptian" curly braces or C-style curly braces is acceptable
2487:, were claimed to have been the most common bracing styles in 1991 by the
5460:
5458:
5456:
4979:
Morzeck, Johannes; Hanenberg, Stefan; Werger, Ole; Gruhn, Volker (2023).
4348:
4111:
4084:
2976:
2488:
2439:
2068:
64:
5637:
3351:
written in one of these other languages, where maintaining a consistent
6056:
4340:
4263: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1374:
Stroustrup extends K&R style for classes, writing them as follows:
1255:
684:
5675:. Series in Automatic Computation. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA:
5453:
5123:
5024:
Hanenberg, Stefan; Morzeck, Johannes; Gruhn, Volker (9 August 2024).
4073:
2983:
1250:
is written in this style. It is also a popular indentation style for
6186:
4534:
4238:
4135:
4016:
Conventionally, indentation is four spaces. Tabs are also possible.
4363:
4119:
4100:
4088:
1060:
122:
4030:
Although they both affect the general layout of code, indentation
4069:
6035:
5693:
5301:"The Linux Kernel Deprecates The 80 Character Line Coding Style"
4513:
Some editors provide support for maintaining block awareness. A
6262:
Elastic tabstops – the solution to the tabs-versus-spaces issue
6224:
5128:
4386:
key) retained directional positioning information (whether the
4077:
3194:, C. Wayne Ratliff, the original programmer behind the popular
3793:
omits braces and semicolons, then indentation is significant.
2131:
This style is similar to the standard indentation used by the
1580:(BSD) operating systems uses a style that is sometimes termed
67:. An indentation style generally involves consistent width of
5657:
4208:
4092:
3195:
2856:
1561:
688:
5577:
Code Complete: A practical handbook of software construction
5489:
5487:
2850:, the layout may be influenced by his background of writing
5064:
4986:
4978:
4904:
Indentation (typesetting) § Indentation in programming
4739:
The original block (lines 3-5) is no longer the body of the
4211:
provides commands to modify indentation, including hitting
4197:
2250:
For example, the following is still correct syntactically:
1589:
2863:
programming language textbooks from the 1960s and 1970s.
5484:
5136:
2860:
2839:
2546:
The advantages of this style are similar to those of the
4813:
Adding a new second line does not affect how many times
4114:, can be configured for a tab width. Some tools such as
1273:
adapted the K&R style for C++ in his books, such as
159:
Indentation style only applies to text-based languages.
1051:
advises contributors to follow it. Attributes include:
5233:
5231:
152:
keywords instead of braces can be adapted by treating
5365:. Sun Microsystems. 12 September 1997. Archived from
5023:
4952:(Technical report). Computer Systems Research Group,
3171:
This is the style used most commonly in the language
2152:(* Example Allman code indentation style in Pascal *)
6010:"PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code § Code Lay-out"
5392:"Code Conventions for the Java Programming Language"
5175:. California: O'Reilly and Assosciates. p. 51.
4361:
To avoid losing track of control statements such as
2975:
recommend this style, and nearly all maintainers of
6004:
5509:
5228:
6207:(full text is also online). Straker, David (1992).
6155:
5867:
5812:
5720:https://archive.org/details/compilergenerato00mcke
5714:W. M. McKeeman, J. J. Horning, and D. B. Wortman,
5574:
3178:stuff(n): { x: 3 * n; y: do_stuff(x); y + x }
2139:, where the braces are equivalent to the keywords
138:curly brackets, a.k.a. curly braces, a.k.a. braces
5772:2013 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)
6269:
5865:
5285:A detailed description of the style is given at
2037:"PGresult class not user-instantiable"
5208:
5206:
3899:, and is heavily used in the implementation of
1047:source tree is styled in a variant of K&R.
4817:is called or the validity of the end comment.
4406:key can be used to enforce a coding standard.
2327:Even like this, with conditional compilation:
1275:Programming: Principles and Practice using C++
5945:Haskell Report 1.2 (1992), p.131 B.4 "Layout"
2491:, with roughly equal popularity at the time.
2075:since Allman wrote many of the utilities for
695:coding style include but are not limited to:
30:For a general discussion of indentation, see
5866:Kernighan, Brian W.; Plauger, P. J. (1976).
5629:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5203:
4065:, state that using spaces instead increases
3341:
87:This article primarily addresses styles for
6038:"Program Indentation and Comprehensibility"
5743:
4563:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4164:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
79:characters for the indentation whitespace.
5604:
5602:
5415:
3206:Inc. This style has sometimes been termed
6087:"Tabs versus Spaces: An Eternal Holy War"
5744:Jensen, Kathleen; Wirth, Niklaus (1974).
5581:. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. pp.
5569:
5558:
5536:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5041:
4994:
4583:Learn how and when to remove this message
4323:Learn how and when to remove this message
4228:
4184:Learn how and when to remove this message
3387:block, instead rendering it uniformly as
1603:In this style, the hard tabulator (ts in
1059:for indentation (not spaces) and assumes
6084:
5635:
5467:"C Style and Coding Standards for SunOS"
4941:
3182:of code and one brace has a line alone.
2812:are treated as statement, much like the
2473:Windows 3.0 Power Programming Techniques
876:// single-statement block without braces
6238:Tabs versus Spaces: An Eternal Holy War
5810:
5804:
5599:
5515:
5464:
5189:
3200:fourth-generation programming languages
14:
6270:
5922:"Making Our Own Types and Typeclasses"
5833:
5433:
5411:
5409:
5252:
5168:
4524:
4072:. Others, such as the writers of the
3158:This style combines the advantages of
3015:Computing Concepts with C++ Essentials
2960:This style combines the advantages of
1549:Stroustrup does not indent the labels
941:omitted for a single-statement block.
156:the same as the open brace and so on.
6254:Why I love having tabs in source code
6127:
5636:Stallman, Richard (28 October 2002).
5416:Stroustrup, Bjarne (September 2010).
5325:
4964:. technicalreportc37univ – via
6153:
5998:
5919:
5769:
4561:adding citations to reliable sources
4528:
4261:adding citations to reliable sources
4232:
4162:adding citations to reliable sources
4129:
4122:can convert on the fly via filters.
2424:
914:
6246:Why I prefer no tabs in source code
5842:"Artistic Style 2.05 Documentation"
5406:
5298:
4125:
4080:found that spaces are more common.
4019:
24:
6230:
6008:; Warsaw, Barry; Coghlan, Alyssa.
5839:
5516:Shannon, Bill (9 September 1998).
5333:. Sun Microsystems. Archived from
4339:Long compound statements can be a
4034:is independent of the indentation
902:
25:
6299:
6180:
5544:"The Jargon File (Version 2.4.3)"
5493:
5394:. Sun Microsystems. 20 March 1997
3159:
3018:
2986:text editor and the GNU systems'
2961:
2831:
2547:
2484:
1600:program written by Bill Shannon.
1259:
926:
755:The Elements of Programming Style
670:
241:
180:
5465:Shannon, Bill (19 August 1996).
5009:– via Stefan Hanenberg on
4942:Weissman, Laurence Mark (1974).
4533:
4237:
4134:
4041:
3617:
3211:
2965:
2835:
2067:The Allman style is named after
693:curly-brace programming language
339:
98:that is often intended to lower
6147:
6121:
6100:
6078:
6029:
5973:
5948:
5939:
5913:
5888:
5859:
5763:
5752:
5737:
5724:
5708:
5651:
5427:
5384:
5352:
5319:
5292:
5279:
5153:"Google JavaScript Style Guide"
4394:key was formerly pressed), the
4248:needs additional citations for
3913:
2283:// for (int i=0; i < x; i++)
1448:// element access: subscripting
1038:
703:relative to other code elements
678:
584:
27:Computer programming convention
6128:Hoffa, Felipe (26 July 2017).
5326:Reddy, Achut (30 March 2000).
5162:
5145:
5116:
5095:
5058:
5030:Empirical Software Engineering
5017:
4972:
4935:
2433:
2071:. It is also sometimes termed
1578:Berkeley Software Distribution
630:
486:
109:Structured languages, such as
13:
1:
5746:PASCAL User Manual and Report
5610:"Formatting Your Source Code"
5524:. 1.58. Sun Microsystems, Inc
5214:"Brace styles and JavaScript"
5172:Checking C programs with Lint
4928:
4378:key. Since the text cursor's
4083:Many text editors, including
3358:
3023:Pascal User Manual and Report
2445:Programmer's Guide to Windows
1265:
6108:"WordPress Coding Standards"
5472:. 1.8. Sun Microsystems, Inc
3903:, Arthur's own project. The
3796:
3375:, with no distinct class of
3008:
1280:The C++ Programming Language
594:#define W(c,b) {while(c){b}}
437:
388:
161:Visual programming languages
7:
5496:"DTraceToolkit Style Guide"
5239:"Linux kernel coding style"
5079:10.1007/978-3-031-61753-9_4
4989:, Italy. pp. 117–128.
4919:episode featuring the topic
4887:
4521:is positioned next to one.
3017:by Cay S. Horstmann adapts
2789:"Internal error!"
2681:"Internal error!"
1934:"Internal error!"
1817:"Internal error!"
748:, as well as Kernighan and
166:
82:
10:
6304:
5043:10.1007/s10664-024-10531-y
4599:Given this starting code:
3185:
2823:
1571:
1517:// pointer to the elements
764:The C Programming Language
745:The C Programming Language
729:
136:(that delimit blocks with
29:
6045:Communications of the ACM
5328:"Java Coding Style Guide"
5267:. 4.4.7. 29 December 2003
3342:C derived language styles
2060:
1554:
1550:
535:
32:Indentation (typesetting)
6085:Zawinski, Jamie (2000).
5780:10.1109/fie.2013.6685167
5546:. 2.4.3. 23 January 1991
4996:10.5220/0012087500003538
4819:
4751:
4668:
4601:
4472:
4411:
3927:
3803:
3627:
3514:
3393:
3364:
3225:
3126:"Non-negative"
3027:
2868:
2816:preprocessor statement.
2555:
2499:
2483:Whitesmiths, along with
2329:
2280:
2252:
2149:
2084:
1956:
1685:
1639:
1376:
1351:"Non-negative"
1288:
1086:
943:
789:
637:
591:
542:
493:
444:
395:
346:
297:
290:
248:
199:
132:This article focuses on
5896:"The Haskell 98 Report"
5811:Lammers, Susan (1986).
5663:Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig
5360:"Java Code Conventions"
5169:Darwin, Ian F. (1988).
4347:which can be solved by
3166:
1596:can be verified by the
1232:
134:curly-bracket languages
6221:Source Code Formatters
6158:Learning the vi editor
5774:. pp. 1908–1910.
5696:. ark:/13960/t6qz35p37
4229:Losing track of blocks
3389:(if expr1 expr2 expr3)
2819:
1630:do (in the case where
1237:A significant body of
773:
5759:Horstmann Style Guide
5661:; Feliciano, Manuel;
5436:"C++ Core Guidelines"
5134:A humourous [
5071:Software Technologies
4954:University of Toronto
4923:Source-code formatter
3385:if : then | else
1532:// number of elements
1394:// construct a Vector
769:
163:have no indentation.
140:) and in particular
92:programming languages
6283:Text editor features
6216:GNU Coding Standards
6154:Lamb, Linda (1998).
5926:learnyouahaskell.com
5732:emacs --no-init-file
5716:A Compiler Generator
5615:GNU Coding Standards
5434:Stroustrup, Bjarne.
4557:improve this section
4257:improve this article
4158:improve this section
3093:"Negative"
3013:The 1997 edition of
2973:GNU Coding Standards
2826:GNU coding standards
1965:pgresult_constructor
1318:"Negative"
935:One True Brace Style
41:computer programming
5981:"The J source code"
5956:"The J Incunabulum"
5819:. Microsoft Press.
5815:Programmers at Work
5677:Prentice-Hall, Inc.
5340:on 28 February 2006
5124:"Egyptian brackets"
4910:Bachmanity Insanity
4899:Syntax highlighting
4525:Statement insertion
4272:"Indentation style"
3192:Programmers at Work
2463:Programming Windows
1566:C++ Core Guidelines
6057:10.1145/182.358437
5874:. Addison-Wesley.
5748:. Springer-Verlag.
5299:Larabel, Michael.
5103:"Java Style Guide"
4894:Secondary notation
1582:Kernel Normal Form
142:C-family languages
96:secondary notation
6241:by Jamie Zawinski
6211:Contextual Indent
6205:978-0-13-116898-5
6191:, Prentice Hall,
6006:van Rossum, Guido
5920:Lipovača, Miran.
5826:978-0-914845-71-3
5592:978-0-7356-1967-8
5418:"PPP Style Guide"
5265:"The Jargon File"
5109:on 12 July 2018.
5088:978-3-031-61753-9
5006:978-989-758-665-1
4867:do_something_else
4713:do_something_else
4593:
4592:
4585:
4356:control statement
4333:
4332:
4325:
4307:
4217:M-x indent-region
4215:on a given line.
4194:
4193:
4186:
4038:discussed here.
3990:do_something_else
3592:do-something-else
3486:do_something_else
3321:do_something_else
2979:software use it.
2726:JS_DefineProperty
2630:JS_NewStringCopyN
2600:JS_DefineProperty
2425:Variant: Allman-8
2286:// while (x == y)
2255:// while (x == y)
1862:JS_DefineProperty
1757:JS_NewStringCopyN
1727:JS_DefineProperty
1271:Bjarne Stroustrup
1258:, along with the
915:Single statements
882:continue_as_usual
852:do_something_else
676:
675:
45:indentation style
16:(Redirected from
6295:
6174:
6173:
6161:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6104:
6098:
6097:
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5808:
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5801:
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5761:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5741:
5735:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5659:Baumann, Richard
5655:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5606:
5597:
5596:
5580:
5571:McConnell, Steve
5567:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5494:Gregg, Brendan.
5491:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5471:
5462:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5431:
5425:
5424:
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5404:
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5379:
5377:
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5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5339:
5332:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5307:. Phoronix Media
5296:
5290:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5261:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5235:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5216:. 7 January 2013
5210:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5105:. Archived from
5099:
5093:
5092:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5045:
5021:
5015:
5014:
4998:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4966:Internet Archive
4939:
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4880:
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4874:
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4308:
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4223:Elastic tabstops
4218:
4214:
4204:
4189:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4169:
4138:
4130:
4126:Style automation
4108:text file pagers
4020:Indentation size
4012:
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3204:Digital Research
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2848:Richard Stallman
2815:
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2774:JSPROP_ENUMERATE
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2666:JSPROP_ENUMERATE
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2341:#ifdef HAS_GETCH
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2245:code refactoring
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1464:
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1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
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1307:
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1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1244:Sun Microsystems
1228:
1225:
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1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
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1177:
1174:
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1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
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1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
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1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1082:
1072:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
898:
895:
892:
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886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
783:
779:
724:
721:construct and a
720:
717:(except for the
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
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579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
530:
527:
524:
521:
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512:
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506:
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481:
478:
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463:
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454:
451:
448:
432:
429:
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423:
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408:
405:
402:
399:
383:
380:
377:
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368:
365:
362:
359:
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334:
331:
328:
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322:
319:
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310:
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285:
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279:
276:
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264:
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258:
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252:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
188:
187:
175:
155:
151:
147:
55:, governing the
21:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6268:
6267:
6233:
6231:Tabs and spaces
6183:
6178:
6177:
6170:
6152:
6148:
6138:
6136:
6126:
6122:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6091:
6089:
6083:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6051:(11): 861–867.
6040:
6034:
6030:
6020:
6018:
6015:peps.python.org
6003:
5999:
5989:
5987:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5964:
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5954:
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5864:
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5827:
5809:
5805:
5790:
5768:
5764:
5757:
5753:
5742:
5738:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5713:
5709:
5699:
5697:
5686:
5667:Samelson, Klaus
5656:
5652:
5642:
5640:
5634:
5630:
5620:
5618:
5608:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5568:
5559:
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5324:
5320:
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5280:
5270:
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5229:
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5167:
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5101:
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5018:
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4857:
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4756:
4753:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4728:// called once!
4727:
4724:
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4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
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4679:
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4639:
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4633:
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4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4589:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4554:
4538:
4527:
4508:
4507:
4505://if (x < 0)
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
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4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4403:
4399:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4382:key (viz., the
4379:
4375:
4362:
4345:over complexity
4329:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4266:
4264:
4254:
4242:
4231:
4216:
4212:
4200:
4190:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4155:
4139:
4128:
4044:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
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3932:
3929:
3916:
3890:
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3862:
3859:
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3853:
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3847:
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3841:
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3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
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3510:
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3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
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3479:
3476:
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3467:
3464:
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3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3361:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
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3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3188:
3179:
3169:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3011:
2995:Steve McConnell
2958:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2846:Popularised by
2828:
2822:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2783:QUEUE_EXCEPTION
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2750:OBJECT_TO_JSVAL
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2675:QUEUE_EXCEPTION
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:STRING_TO_JSVAL
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2436:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:QUEUE_EXCEPTION
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1928:QUEUE_EXCEPTION
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1886:OBJECT_TO_JSVAL
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:QUEUE_EXCEPTION
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1751:STRING_TO_JSVAL
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1574:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1268:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1080:
1070:
1041:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
929:
917:
905:
903:Egyptian braces
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
781:
777:
732:
722:
718:
681:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
627:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
581:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
483:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
434:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
385:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
183:
173:
169:
153:
149:
145:
85:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6301:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6266:
6265:
6258:
6250:
6249:by Adam Spiers
6242:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6182:
6181:External links
6179:
6176:
6175:
6168:
6146:
6120:
6099:
6077:
6028:
5997:
5972:
5947:
5938:
5912:
5887:
5880:
5870:Software Tools
5858:
5846:Artistic Style
5832:
5825:
5803:
5788:
5762:
5751:
5736:
5723:
5707:
5684:
5650:
5628:
5598:
5591:
5557:
5535:
5508:
5483:
5452:
5426:
5405:
5383:
5372:on 13 May 2008
5351:
5318:
5291:
5278:
5251:
5227:
5202:
5188:
5181:
5161:
5144:
5115:
5094:
5087:
5057:
5016:
5005:
4971:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4916:Silicon Valley
4906:
4901:
4896:
4889:
4886:
4820:
4752:
4669:
4602:
4591:
4590:
4541:
4539:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4515:folding editor
4473:
4412:
4331:
4330:
4245:
4243:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4219:indents code.
4192:
4191:
4142:
4140:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4067:cross-platform
4063:Jamie Zawinski
4055:tab characters
4043:
4040:
4021:
4018:
4002:do_third_thing
3928:
3915:
3912:
3897:Arthur Whitney
3804:
3798:
3795:
3628:
3619:
3616:
3604:do-third-thing
3515:
3498:do_third_thing
3394:
3383:keyword in an
3360:
3357:
3343:
3340:
3226:
3221:Software Tools
3187:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3165:
3057:something_else
3028:
3010:
3007:
2997:, in his book
2940:something_else
2869:
2824:Main article:
2821:
2818:
2556:
2529:something_else
2500:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2330:
2316:something_else
2281:
2267:something_else
2253:
2215:something_else
2150:
2135:languages and
2114:something_else
2085:
2062:
2059:
1957:
1686:
1669:something_else
1640:
1573:
1570:
1377:
1289:
1267:
1264:
1234:
1231:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1063:every 8 spaces
1057:tab characters
1049:Linus Torvalds
1040:
1037:
944:
928:
927:One True Brace
925:
916:
913:
904:
901:
790:
787:Example code:
731:
728:
727:
726:
714:
704:
683:Attributes of
680:
677:
674:
673:
668:
638:
634:
633:
628:
592:
588:
587:
582:
543:
539:
538:
533:
494:
490:
489:
484:
445:
441:
440:
435:
396:
392:
391:
386:
347:
343:
342:
337:
298:
294:
293:
288:
249:
245:
244:
239:
200:
196:
195:
192:
182:
181:Notable styles
179:
168:
165:
100:cognitive load
84:
81:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6300:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6278:Software wars
6276:
6275:
6273:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6197:0-13-116898-3
6194:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6171:
6169:9781565924260
6165:
6160:
6159:
6150:
6135:
6131:
6124:
6109:
6103:
6088:
6081:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6007:
6001:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5961:
5960:jsoftware.com
5957:
5951:
5942:
5927:
5923:
5916:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5883:
5881:9780201036695
5877:
5872:
5871:
5862:
5847:
5843:
5840:Pattee, Jim.
5836:
5828:
5822:
5817:
5816:
5807:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5789:9781467352611
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5760:
5755:
5747:
5740:
5727:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5685:0-13-477828-6
5681:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5639:
5632:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5594:
5588:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5545:
5539:
5523:
5519:
5512:
5497:
5490:
5488:
5468:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5419:
5412:
5410:
5393:
5387:
5368:
5361:
5355:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5282:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5198:
5192:
5184:
5182:9780937175309
5178:
5174:
5173:
5165:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5090:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5061:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4818:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4667:
4600:
4597:
4587:
4584:
4576:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4542:This section
4540:
4536:
4531:
4530:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4410:
4407:
4397:
4373:
4368:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4327:
4324:
4316:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274: –
4273:
4269:
4268:Find sources:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4246:This section
4244:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4188:
4185:
4177:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4143:This section
4141:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4042:Tab vs. space
4039:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4017:
3926:
3924:
3923:off-side rule
3920:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3802:
3794:
3776:
3626:
3624:
3618:Haskell style
3615:
3513:
3392:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3353:look and feel
3350:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3198:-II and -III
3197:
3193:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3164:
3161:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:Code Complete
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2817:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2328:
2279:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2148:
2138:
2134:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
1638:
1635:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1592:source code.
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1375:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:goto fail bug
942:
940:
936:
931:
924:
922:
921:goto fail bug
912:
910:
788:
785:
772:
768:
766:
765:
759:
757:
756:
751:
747:
746:
741:
737:
715:
713:
709:
705:
702:
699:Placement of
698:
697:
696:
694:
690:
686:
672:
669:
636:
635:
632:
629:
590:
589:
586:
583:
541:
540:
537:
534:
492:
491:
488:
485:
443:
442:
439:
436:
394:
393:
390:
387:
345:
344:
341:
338:
296:
295:
292:
289:
247:
246:
243:
240:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
186:
178:
164:
162:
157:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
119:off-side rule
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
6261:
6253:
6245:
6237:
6187:
6162:. O'Reilly.
6157:
6149:
6137:. Retrieved
6133:
6123:
6111:. Retrieved
6102:
6090:. Retrieved
6080:
6068:. Retrieved
6048:
6044:
6031:
6019:. Retrieved
6013:
6000:
5990:12 September
5988:. Retrieved
5984:
5975:
5963:. Retrieved
5959:
5950:
5941:
5929:. Retrieved
5925:
5915:
5903:. Retrieved
5899:
5890:
5869:
5861:
5849:. Retrieved
5845:
5835:
5814:
5806:
5771:
5765:
5754:
5745:
5739:
5726:
5715:
5710:
5698:. Retrieved
5671:
5653:
5641:. Retrieved
5631:
5619:. Retrieved
5613:
5576:
5548:. Retrieved
5538:
5526:. Retrieved
5522:illumos-gate
5521:
5511:
5499:. Retrieved
5474:. Retrieved
5443:. Retrieved
5439:
5429:
5396:. Retrieved
5386:
5374:. Retrieved
5367:the original
5354:
5342:. Retrieved
5335:the original
5321:
5309:. Retrieved
5304:
5294:
5281:
5269:. Retrieved
5242:. Retrieved
5218:. Retrieved
5191:
5171:
5164:
5156:
5147:
5135:
5133:
5127:
5118:
5110:
5107:the original
5097:
5070:
5060:
5033:
5029:
5019:
5011:Google Drive
4981:
4974:
4949:
4944:
4937:
4914:
4908:
4873:do_something
4815:do_something
4812:
4799:do_something
4748:
4745:
4738:
4722:do_something
4664:do_something
4662:
4649:do_something
4598:
4594:
4579:
4570:
4555:Please help
4543:
4512:
4509:
4408:
4369:
4360:
4353:
4338:
4334:
4319:
4310:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4267:
4255:Please help
4250:verification
4247:
4221:
4207:
4195:
4180:
4171:
4156:Please help
4144:
4105:
4082:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4015:
3972:do_something
3917:
3914:Python style
3909:
3891:
3800:
3772:
3621:
3614:
3574:do-something
3511:
3468:do_something
3370:
3362:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3300:do_something
3220:
3215:
3207:
3191:
3190:In the book
3189:
3180:
3170:
3157:
3022:
3014:
3012:
3003:Linux kernel
2993:
2981:
2970:
2959:
2865:
2845:
2829:
2808:
2553:An example:
2552:
2548:Allman style
2545:
2496:
2493:
2482:
2471:
2461:
2443:
2437:
2428:
2407:do_something
2326:
2278:As is this:
2277:
2249:
2237:
2137:Transact-SQL
2130:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2064:
1636:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1575:
1565:
1559:
1548:
1373:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1260:Allman style
1252:ActionScript
1236:
1069:Labels in a
1045:Linux kernel
1042:
1039:Linux kernel
1034:
1030:
1022:
938:
934:
932:
930:
918:
906:
846:do_something
786:
774:
770:
762:
760:
753:
743:
733:
682:
679:C/C++ styles
184:
170:
158:
131:
108:
104:control flow
86:
44:
38:
36:
18:Indent style
6288:Source code
5900:haskell.org
5518:"cstyle.pl"
5013:(preprint).
4349:refactoring
4070:portability
3708:getContents
3645:getContents
3373:expressions
3212:Whitesmiths
3150:final_thing
3132:nonnegative
2977:GNU project
2966:Whitesmiths
2949:final_thing
2836:Whitesmiths
2538:final_thing
2489:Jargon File
2480:& Yao.
2440:Whitesmiths
2434:Whitesmiths
2158:dosomething
2123:final_thing
2069:Eric Allman
1678:final_thing
1357:nonnegative
949:is_negative
891:final_thing
340:Whitesmiths
127:interpreter
65:source code
57:indentation
6272:Categories
6257:(archived)
5985:github.com
5931:3 February
5700:23 October
5528:6 February
5501:6 February
5445:3 November
5287:kernel.org
5220:8 November
5036:(5): 134.
4962:1085612768
4929:References
4749:Original:
4573:March 2024
4341:code smell
4313:March 2024
4283:newspapers
4174:March 2024
4110:, such as
3775:procedural
3377:statements
3359:Lisp style
2573:&&
2240:whitespace
1703:&&
1637:Examples:
1266:Stroustrup
1256:JavaScript
864:some_error
691:and other
69:whitespace
49:convention
5271:18 August
5244:1 January
5052:1573-7616
4882://for (i)
4808://for (i)
4734://for (i)
4658://for (i)
4544:does not
4468://for (i)
4396:dot macro
4205:command.
4145:does not
4085:Notepad++
4074:WordPress
4048:tab width
3797:APL style
3753:firstWord
3720:firstWord
3681:firstWord
3651:firstWord
3630:braceless
3365:GNU style
3051:something
3009:Horstmann
2984:GNU Emacs
2934:something
2830:Like the
2699:PQfreemem
2523:something
2310:something
2261:something
2206:something
2155:procedure
2108:something
2073:BSD style
1971:JSContext
1835:PQfreemem
1663:something
1061:tab stops
870:fix_issue
761:Although
740:Ritchie's
736:Kernighan
723:do{}while
487:Horstmann
89:free-form
51:, a.k.a.
6070:3 August
6065:11767796
6021:11 March
5851:24 April
5798:28385526
5718:, 1970,
5694:64-10740
5669:(1964).
5573:(2004).
5305:Phoronix
4888:See also
4120:unexpand
4089:TextEdit
4053:Storing
3762:putStrLn
3690:braceful
3684:putStrLn
3099:negative
2838:styles,
2049:JS_FALSE
1983:JSObject
1586:userland
1555:private:
1457:operator
1324:negative
1248:Java API
1032:blocks.
907:The non-
752:'s book
167:Research
123:compiler
83:Overview
5905:3 March
5583:746–747
5476:15 June
4950:CSRG-37
4565:removed
4550:sources
4297:scholar
4166:removed
4151:sources
3765:bigWord
3750:toUpper
3741:bigWord
3687:bigWord
3678:toUpper
3669:bigWord
3623:Haskell
3523:dotimes
3517:;; Lisp
3512:
3228:// In C
3216:headers
3186:Ratliff
2810:else if
2468:Petzold
2454:Carlson
2386:getchar
2176:Integer
1572:BSD KNF
1551:public:
1511:private
1081:if-else
909:aligned
750:Plauger
730:K&R
725:block).
719:else if
706:Use of
438:Ratliff
389:K&R
191:Example
6225:Curlie
6203:
6195:
6166:
6139:9 July
6134:Medium
6113:6 June
6092:6 June
6063:
5965:19 May
5878:
5823:
5796:
5786:
5692:
5682:
5643:6 June
5621:6 June
5589:
5550:14 May
5440:GitHub
5398:30 May
5376:30 May
5344:30 May
5197:"1TBS"
5179:
5129:Foldoc
5085:
5050:
5003:
4960:
4519:cursor
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4270:
4202:indent
4116:expand
4099:, and
4078:GitHub
3919:Python
3363:While
3349:mostly
3208:banner
3160:Allman
3120:printf
3087:printf
3019:Allman
2988:indent
2962:Allman
2880:concat
2871:static
2832:Allman
2485:Allman
2478:Norton
2470:, and
2456:&
2450:Durant
2401:#endif
2133:Pascal
2061:Allman
2043:return
1962:JSBool
1959:static
1632:return
1628:return
1624:switch
1598:cstyle
1520:double
1499:return
1475:return
1451:double
1424:double
1397:Vector
1388:public
1382:Vector
1221:result
1218:return
1203:result
1170:result
1149:result
1122:result
1071:switch
1006:return
988:return
712:spaces
701:braces
671:Python
242:Allman
111:Python
61:blocks
6061:S2CID
6041:(PDF)
5794:S2CID
5470:(PDF)
5421:(PDF)
5370:(PDF)
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