589:
554:
174:
575:
540:
443:, and rule by political machines had exacted a costly economic toll on both investors and working people alike. Both the Republican and Democratic parties, were to blame, the Independence Party declared, and it cast itself as the banner-bearer in the effort "to wrest the conduct of public affairs from the hands of selfish interests, political tricksters, and corrupt bosses" and to make government "an agency for the common good."
422:
With the nominations finally complete, convention voting ensued. The first ballot saw a tally of 396 votes for Hisgen, 213 for Graves, 200 for Howard, 71 for Reuben R. Lyon, and 49 for
William Randolph Hearst. A second ballot brought Hisgen to the doorstep of nomination, gathering 590 votes, compared
418:
Only after an extended period of tumult was order restored and
Sheppard ruled out of order on the grounds of having nominated an individual who was not a member of the Independence Party. Sheppard walked from the rostrum under protection of the convention's two sergeants of arms, but was still swung
375:
Although Hisgen was regarded as a favorite to win nomination prior to convocation, the nominating convention's decision was not unanimous nor the nomination process without acrimony, requiring three ballots of the assembled delegates to reach an ultimate decision. The first person nominated was
399:
into nomination was met with raucous jeering which briefly prevented the speaker from continuing. With order restored, the speaker continued in his effort to formally nominate Bryan, causing an even more fierce explosion of rage and protest, as a report in
410:"A scene of riot immediately followed, several delegates attempting to reach the rostrum for the purpose of offering physical violence to the speaker. 'I intend, if I am allowed to finish, to nominate Mr. William J. Bryan,' said Mr. Sheppard.
419:
at with a cane by a New York delegate as he passed down the aisle, with the New Yorker forcibly restrained. An announcement shortly followed that
Sheppard had been removed as a member of the National Committee of the Independence Party.
414:"The hall broke into a wild uproar, a dozen delegates vainly struggling in the main aisle in an attempt to reach Mr. Sheppard. Canes and fists were shaken at him furiously, while howls of execration went up from all sides of the hall."
1167:
761:
367:
Buoyed by the promising results for Thomas Hisgen in
Massachusetts, the Independence League moved to establish a national presence as the Independence Party ahead of the election of 1908 at a convention held in
477:
in content, the platform of the
Independence Party took pains to cast the organization as "a conservative force in American politics, devoted to the preservation of American liberty and independence."
754:
747:
277:
In the wake of its defeat, the
Municipal Ownership League was replaced by a new political organization with a less socialistically oriented name: the Independence League of New York.
177:
Millionaire publisher
William Randolph Hearst was the financial angel of the Independence Party, an organization represented in this contemporary cartoon as his fawning puppet.
423:
to 189 for Graves and 109 for Howard. Only in the early morning hours of
Wednesday, July 29 did Hisgen go over the top, winning the nomination. Graves was chosen as Hisgen's
492:
Hearst ran again for Mayor of New York in 1909, and for lieutenant governor in 1910, but was defeated both times. The New York
Independence League continued to nominate
466:
against striking workers and against the use of prison labor for the production of goods for the marketplace. The organization also favored broad implementation of the
1218:
359:
for second place. Prospects seemed bright for a new national political organization to replace the
Democrats as the chief opposition party in the United States.
1187:
347:
Parallel Independence Leagues were active at the same time in several other states, including California and Massachusetts. In the latter, state party nominee
1233:
770:
1228:
1213:
270:
Hearst narrowly missed election, losing to the Democrat by fewer than 3,500 votes out of nearly 600,000 cast between the three candidates, with the
1043:
435:
The party platform adopted by the Chicago convention declared that corporate corruption, waste in government spending, the exploitative pricing of
779:
This group includes only pre-1996 parties that fielded a candidate that won greater 0.1% of the popular vote in at least one presidential election
1208:
157:
1223:
861:
352:
1086:
1059:
1032:
1005:
991:
977:
963:
949:
945:
918:
904:
877:
850:
836:
822:
533:
486:
224:
1144:
1134:
1070:
388:
of Massachusetts, who formally placed Hisgen's name into the pool of candidates. This was followed by the nomination of Georgian
384:, placed into consideration by a long-winded speech which drew catcalls. The Howard nomination was followed by a speech by Rev.
372:. The gathering was convened on July 27, 1908, in a hall bedecked with patriotic red-white-and-blue bunting and streamers.
341:
1139:
424:
209:
24:
1182:
1172:
1114:
126:
223:, and held a national convention to nominate a ticket in 1908. The party garnered only 83,000 votes nationally in the
888:
455:
1238:
1109:
493:
356:
289:
1177:
301:
1149:
309:
220:
162:
739:
152:
20:
333:
281:
113:
625:"William M. Ivins, a Man of Many Facets; A Character Study of the Republican Candidate for the Mayoralty,"
730:
698:
624:
929:
317:
251:
201:
85:
274:
ultimately deciding the matter in favor of Tammany Hall on June 30 amidst charges of electoral fraud.
467:
216:
699:"Hisgen and Graves New Party Ticket: The Independence Convention Makes Its Choice in Early Morning,"
325:
267:
263:
973:
243:
197:
45:
1124:
910:
396:
271:
247:
1051:
873:
832:
19:
This article is about a defunct American political party. For the party formed in 2007, see
594:
285:
454:, against the use of judicial injunctions to settle labor disputes, for the creation of a
8:
1129:
381:
1154:
1024:
818:
580:
402:
389:
329:
1055:
377:
205:
106:
395:
An attempt by a Kansas delegate to put the name of Democratic Party standard bearer
1078:
1016:
914:
545:
474:
447:
385:
348:
297:
293:
231:
230:
The Independence League of New York continued to nominate candidates for office in
296:. Despite his own loss, other members of the fusion slate were elected, including
284:, Hearst again ran for political office, this time being defeated in the race for
1001:
987:
969:
896:
846:
842:
828:
806:
337:
313:
193:
118:
1082:
983:
955:
937:
900:
869:
451:
305:
139:
769:
1202:
1028:
997:
559:
321:
190:
95:
489:, in which Hisgen and Graves won less than one percent of the popular vote.
814:
459:
259:
173:
122:
959:
941:
574:
566:
463:
255:
539:
436:
470:
system and in favor of the power of recall of elected officials.
369:
458:, for improved workplace safety, and for the establishment of a
462:. The organization expressed its disapproval of maintenance of
440:
494:
candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York
771:
Historical left-wing third-party U.S. presidential tickets
227:, however, and immediately dissolved as a national force.
718:
William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years, 1863-1910.
200:in 1906. The organization was the successor to the
1168:Third-party performances in presidential elections
725:Others: Third Parties During the Populist Period.
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
654:Others: Third Parties During the Populist Period.
1200:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
196:sponsored by newspaper publisher and politician
362:
1219:Defunct political parties in the United States
351:garnered a substantial number of votes in the
755:
731:"Independence Vacancies Filled by Democrats,"
659:
215:After its second-place finish in a race for
16:Defunct political party in the United States
1234:1914 disestablishments in the United States
762:
748:
656:Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2007; pg. 421.
446:The party platform argued against corrupt
23:. For other parties of similar names, see
242:In 1905, millionaire newspaper publisher
219:in 1907, the party set its sights on the
1229:1906 establishments in the United States
1214:Political parties disestablished in 1914
720:New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
172:
499:
485:The national party collapsed after the
1201:
204:under whose colors Hearst had run for
1209:Political parties established in 1906
743:
1224:Progressive Era in the United States
392:, the editor of a Hearst newspaper.
13:
1183:Progressivism in the United States
1173:Labor history of the United States
1115:Social Democratic Party of America
710:
496:until the state election of 1914.
258:ticket in opposition to incumbent
234:until the state election of 1914.
14:
1250:
727:Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2007.
430:
1110:Socialist Labor Party of America
587:
573:
552:
538:
480:
237:
1178:Liberalism in the United States
427:running mate by the gathering.
355:, topping the candidate of the
1188:Socialism in the United States
646:
633:
618:
1:
153:Politics of the United States
21:Independence Party of America
612:
363:1908 Presidential convention
246:made a high-profile run for
7:
630:October 22, 1905, page SM1.
10:
1255:
519:Vice presidential nominee
353:1907 election for governor
252:Municipal Ownership League
202:Municipal Ownership League
189:, was a short-lived minor
86:Municipal Ownership League
18:
1163:
1100:
1069:
1042:
1015:
928:
887:
860:
805:
784:
777:
524:
518:
515:
509:
468:initiative and referendum
217:Governor of Massachusetts
148:
132:
112:
102:
91:
81:
66:
51:
41:
32:
704:July 29, 1908, pp. 1, 3.
268:William Mills Ivins, Sr.
264:George B. McClellan, Jr.
250:under the banner of the
1239:William Randolph Hearst
1135:Socialist Workers Party
244:William Randolph Hearst
198:William Randolph Hearst
46:William Randolph Hearst
911:William Jennings Bryan
416:
397:William Jennings Bryan
272:New York Supreme Court
248:Mayor of New York City
178:
1052:Robert M. La Follette
974:George R. Kirkpatrick
874:Charles E. Cunningham
833:Barzillai J. Chambers
510:Presidential nominee
408:
292:–Independence League
185:, established as the
176:
143:(party's medal color)
595:Georgia (U.S. state)
500:Presidential tickets
286:Governor of New York
1130:Communist Party USA
525:Previous positions
516:Previous positions
456:Department of Labor
452:eight-hour work day
382:Fort Payne, Alabama
376:former Congressman
302:lieutenant governor
187:Independence League
1155:New Alliance Party
1125:Farmer–Labor Party
1120:Independence Party
1071:Progressive (1948)
1044:Progressive (1924)
1025:Theodore Roosevelt
723:Darcy Richardson,
652:Darcy Richardson,
403:The New York Times
390:John Temple Graves
330:William S. Jackson
310:Secretary of State
254:. Hearst ran on a
183:Independence Party
179:
35:Independence Party
25:Independence Party
1196:
1195:
1103:left-wing parties
1096:
1095:
1056:Burton K. Wheeler
610:
609:
475:social democratic
425:Vice-Presidential
378:Milford W. Howard
206:Mayor of New York
171:
170:
158:Political parties
107:Hearst Newspapers
1246:
1079:Henry A. Wallace
915:Thomas E. Watson
803:
802:
799:running mate(s))
797:(candidate(s) /
764:
757:
750:
741:
740:
716:Ben H. Procter,
705:
696:
657:
650:
644:
643:vol. 2, pg. 419.
637:
631:
622:
601:
600:Newspaper editor
593:
591:
590:
577:
570:
558:
556:
555:
546:Thomas L. Hisgen
542:
504:
503:
473:Although mildly
448:machine politics
386:Roland D. Sawyer
357:Democratic Party
349:Thomas L. Hisgen
334:Attorney General
298:Lewis S. Chanler
144:
138:
82:Preceded by
77:
75:
62:
60:
30:
29:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1159:
1102:
1092:
1065:
1038:
1011:
1002:James H. Maurer
988:Seymour Stedman
970:Allan L. Benson
924:
897:James B. Weaver
883:
856:
847:Absolom M. West
843:Benjamin Butler
829:James B. Weaver
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
780:
773:
768:
736:Sept. 30, 1906.
734:New York Times,
713:
711:Further reading
708:
702:New York Times,
697:
660:
651:
647:
638:
634:
628:New York Times,
623:
619:
615:
605:
599:
588:
586:
578:
564:
553:
551:
543:
502:
483:
433:
411:
365:
338:Frederick Skene
314:Martin H. Glynn
266:and Republican
240:
194:political party
167:
142:
136:
125:
121:
73:
71:
58:
56:
37:
36:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1150:Citizens Party
1147:
1145:People's Party
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1083:Glen H. Taylor
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
995:
984:Eugene V. Debs
981:
967:
956:Eugene V. Debs
953:
938:Eugene V. Debs
934:
932:
926:
925:
923:
922:
908:
901:James G. Field
893:
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
870:Alson Streeter
866:
864:
858:
857:
855:
854:
840:
826:
819:Samuel F. Cary
811:
809:
800:
791:one percent of
782:
781:
778:
775:
774:
767:
766:
759:
752:
744:
738:
737:
728:
721:
712:
709:
707:
706:
658:
645:
632:
616:
614:
611:
608:
607:
604:82,574 (0.55%)
602:
597:
584:
581:John T. Graves
571:
562:
549:
536:
530:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
501:
498:
482:
479:
432:
431:Party platform
429:
364:
361:
342:state engineer
306:John S. Whalen
239:
236:
232:New York state
169:
168:
166:
165:
160:
155:
149:
146:
145:
134:
130:
129:
116:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
68:
64:
63:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
34:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1251:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1140:Liberty Party
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:Other notable
1099:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1029:Hiram Johnson
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Norman Thomas
996:
993:
989:
985:
982:
979:
975:
971:
968:
965:
961:
957:
954:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
935:
933:
931:
927:
920:
916:
912:
909:
906:
902:
898:
895:
894:
892:
890:
886:
879:
875:
871:
868:
867:
865:
863:
859:
852:
848:
844:
841:
838:
834:
830:
827:
824:
820:
816:
813:
812:
810:
808:
804:
801:
783:
776:
772:
765:
760:
758:
753:
751:
746:
745:
742:
735:
732:
729:
726:
722:
719:
715:
714:
703:
700:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
655:
649:
642:
636:
629:
626:
621:
617:
603:
598:
596:
585:
583:
582:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
560:Massachusetts
550:
548:
547:
541:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
521:
512:
506:
505:
497:
495:
490:
488:
487:1908 election
481:Final efforts
478:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
428:
426:
420:
415:
412:
407:
405:
404:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
373:
371:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:Julius Hauser
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:fusion ticket
291:
287:
283:
278:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
238:Establishment
235:
233:
228:
226:
225:1908 election
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
175:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
147:
141:
135:
131:
128:
127:Progressivism
124:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
96:New York City
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
69:
65:
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
31:
26:
22:
1119:
815:Peter Cooper
795:popular vote
793:the national
789:won at least
787:tickets that
785:Presidential
733:
724:
717:
701:
653:
648:
640:
639:Richardson,
635:
627:
620:
579:
544:
491:
484:
472:
460:central bank
445:
434:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
394:
374:
366:
346:
279:
276:
260:Tammany Hall
241:
229:
214:
186:
182:
180:
123:Merit system
92:Headquarters
960:Emil Seidel
942:Ben Hanford
862:Union Labor
522:Home state
513:Home state
439:, a costly
406:indicates:
318:comptroller
1203:Categories
1017:Bull Moose
464:blacklists
450:, for the
437:monopolies
290:Democratic
221:Presidency
930:Socialist
807:Greenback
613:Footnotes
567:petroleum
565:American
326:treasurer
262:Democrat
163:Elections
119:Reformism
103:Newspaper
67:Dissolved
889:Populist
569:producer
191:American
114:Ideology
42:Chairman
641:Others,
370:Chicago
72: (
57: (
52:Founded
592:
557:
528:Votes
441:tariff
336:, and
256:reform
140:Bronze
137:
133:Colors
606:0 EV
507:Year
288:on a
1087:1948
1060:1924
1033:1912
1006:1932
992:1920
978:1916
964:1912
950:1908
948:and
946:1904
919:1896
905:1892
878:1888
851:1884
837:1880
823:1876
534:1908
282:1906
210:1905
181:The
98:, NY
74:1914
70:1914
59:1906
55:1906
380:of
340:as
332:as
324:as
316:as
308:as
300:as
280:In
208:in
1205::
661:^
344:.
328:,
320:,
312:,
304:,
212:.
1089:)
1085:(
1081:/
1062:)
1058:(
1054:/
1035:)
1031:(
1027:/
1008:)
1004:(
1000:/
994:)
990:(
986:/
980:)
976:(
972:/
966:)
962:(
958:/
952:)
944:(
940:/
921:)
917:(
913:/
907:)
903:(
899:/
880:)
876:(
872:/
853:)
849:(
845:/
839:)
835:(
831:/
825:)
821:(
817:/
763:e
756:t
749:v
76:)
61:)
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
