1267:
53:
244:
670:
set policy prior to the 1895 general election and the abolition of the position of party "President" in 1896 testified to the power of such arguments. Nonetheless, the NAC came to possess considerable power over the party's activities, including hegemonistic control over crucial matters such as electoral decisions and relations with other parties. The electoral defeat of 1895 hastened the establishment of centralising and anti-democratic practices of this kind.
614:, and with finance tight just 28 candidates ran under the ILP banner. A special conference decided that support could be given to either ILP or SDF candidates, which brought a further four contests into the picture. None was elected, however, with even the popular party leader Keir Hardie going to defeat in a straight fight with the Conservatives. The electoral debacle of 1895 marked an end to the unbridled optimism which had attended the party's foundation.
550:, to name the new organisation the "Socialist Labour Party", but this was defeated by a large margin by a counterproposal reaffirming the name "Independent Labour Party", moved by the logic that there were large numbers of workers not yet prepared to formally accept the doctrine of socialism who would nonetheless be willing to join and work for an organisation "established for the purpose of obtaining the independent representation of labour".
1058:
transactions, the working class had secured equal rights with capital. Their own social standing secure and material position improved, they looked upon the world through the rose-coloured spectacles of a peaceful middle-class life. Disturbed in their peaceful trading with the representatives of the bourgeoisie by the revolutionary strivings of the proletariat they were the convinced enemies of the revolutionary aims of the proletariat.
1110:
733:
943:
3825:
3792:
3759:
3726:
3691:
3656:
3621:
3586:
3551:
3516:
3481:
841:– joined the ILP, in order to become active in the Labour Party. While affiliated body membership was not required after 1918, the presence of MacDonald and other leading Labour Party figures in the ILP's leadership meant many converts to the Labour Party continued to join through the ILP, a process which continued until about 1925.
1220:. Increasing the unemployment allowance and switching to bulk purchasing were to be done in the conventional way, but the method of paying the living wage differed from Labour practices. The ILP criticised the "Continental" method of paying wage allowances from employers' pools, which had been implemented in 1924 by
994:, strongly opposed affiliation to the new Comintern. In opposition to them the radical wing of the ILP organised itself as a formal faction called the Left Wing Group of the ILP in an effort to move the ILP into the Communist International. The faction began to produce its own bi-weekly newspaper called
1433:
The ILP still had some significant strength at the end of the war, but it went into crisis shortly afterwards. At the 1945 general election it retained three MPs, all in
Glasgow, although only one of them had a Labour opponent. Its conference rejected calls to reaffiliate to the Labour Party. A major
868:
had sought peace while it endured, but now that war had come, well, Socialists and Trade
Unionists, like other people had got to see it through." With respect to the Labour Party, most of the members of the organisation's executive as well as most of the 40 Labour MPs in Parliament lent their support
816:
Still, the relationship between the ILP and the Labour Party was characterised by conflict. Many ILP members viewed the Labour Party as being too timid and moderate in their attempts at social reform, detached as it was from the socialist objective during its first years. Consequently, in 1912 came a
791:
religion or a means for the practical implementation of
Christian principles in daily life, it bore with it the great weakness of being non-analytical and thus comparatively shallow. It also offered a political home for some of the women's franchise movement in the UK, the Liverpool branch appointing
669:
Of course in a party of loose and diverse opinions, the essential nature of the organisation and its programme would always remain a matter of debate. Initial decisions about party organisation were rooted in an idea of strict democracy. These arguments did have some impact, as the conference held to
1248:
The Labour leadership did not support the programme. In particular, MacDonald objected to the slogan "Socialism In Our Time", as he viewed socialism as a gradual process. For the duration of the second Labour government (1929–31), 37 Labour MPs were sponsored by the ILP, but none were appointed to
1227:
The nationalisation of banking involved more significant changes to economic policy, and had nothing in common with Labour practices. The ILP proposed that once a Labour government took office it should hold an enquiry into the banking system that would prepare a detailed scheme for transferring the
319:
Many trade unions themselves became concerned with gaining parliamentary representation to advance their legislative aims. From the 1870s a series of working-class candidates financially supported by trade unions were accepted and supported by the
Liberal Party. The federation of British unions, the
589:
The conference also established the basic organisational structure of the new party. Annual
Conferences, composed of delegates from each local unit of the organisation, were declared the "supreme and governing authority of the party". A Secretary was to be elected, to serve under the direct control
1257:
It was becoming clearer that the ILP was diverging further away from the Labour Party and at the 1931 ILP Scottish
Conference the issue of whether the party should still affiliate to Labour was discussed. It was decided to continue to do so, but only after Maxton himself intervened in the debate.
928:
During the war the ILP's criticism of militarism was somewhat muted by public condemnation and periodic episodes of physical violence, which included a wild scene on 6 July 1918, during which an agitated group of discharged soldiers rushed an ILP meeting being addressed by Ramsay MacDonald in the
880:
and war proved costly both in terms of its standing in the eyes of the general public as well as its ability to hold sway over the politicians who ran under its banner. A stream of its old
Members of Parliament left the party over the ILP's refusal to support the British war effort. Among those
723:
was formed in 1906, the ILP immediately affiliated to it. This affiliation allowed the ILP to continue to hold its own conferences and devise its own policies, which ILP members were expected to argue for within the Labour Party. In return, the ILP provided a good part of Labour's activist base
377:
Other socialist intellectuals, despite not sharing the concept of class struggle were nonetheless frustrated with the ideology and institutions of the
Liberal Party and the secondary priority which it appeared to give to its working-class candidates. Out of these ideas and activities came a new
1408:
In 1939 the ILP wrote to the Labour Party requesting reaffiliation subject to a right to advocate its own policies where it had a "conscientious objection" to Labour policy. Labour refused to agree to this condition, stating that its usual rules for affiliation could not be waived for the ILP.
1290:
as the beginning of the collapse of capitalism and saw the mainstream Labour Party as insufficiently committed to socialism. In 1932 a special conference of the ILP voted to disaffiliate from Labour. The same year the ILP co-founded the London Bureau of left-socialist parties, later called the
958:
was effectively relaunched and the question of whether the ILP should affiliate with this renewed Second
International or with some other international grouping loomed large. The majority of ILP members saw the old Second International as hopelessly compromised by its support for the European
1082:
The agitation for affiliation to the Third
International of Moscow came to a head in 1921 at the annual conference of the ILP. There an overwhelming vote of the party's branches voted not to affiliate with the Third International. This decision was followed by the exit of the defeated radical
1057:
hese leaders have lost touch with the wide unskilled masses, with the toiling poor, they have become oblivious of the growth of capitalist exploitation and of the revolutionary aims of the proletariat. It seemed to them that because the capitalists treated them as equals, as partners in their
704:
Following the failure of 1895, this leadership became reluctant to overextend the party by running in too many electoral races. By 1898 the decision was formally made to restrict electoral contests to those where a reasonable performance could be expected rather than putting forward as many
585:
The keynote address of the foundation conference was delivered by Keir Hardie, who observed that the Labour Party was "not an organisation but rather 'the expression of a great principle,' since it 'had neither programme nor constitution". Hardie emphasised the fundamental demand of the new
558:". The party's programme called for a range of progressive social reforms, including free "unsectarian" education "right up to the universities", the provision of medical treatment and school feeding programmes for children, housing reform, the establishment of public measures to reduce
1306:
described the ILP's disaffiliation as a decision to remain "pure, but impotent". Outside the Labour Party the ILP went into decline. In just three years it lost 75% of its members, the total falling from 16,773 in 1932 to 4,392 in 1935, as it lost adherents to the Labour Party, the
1203:
Of these eight policies, the living wage, the unemployment allowance, nationalisation of banking and the bulk purchase of raw materials and foodstuffs were the chief concern of the ILP. The centerpiece of the ILP program was the "Living Wage" policy, which sought to impose high
808:
As the historian John Callaghan has noted, in the hands of Hardie, Glasier, Snowden and MacDonald socialism was little more than "a vague protest against injustice." However, in 1909 the ILP laid the basis for the production of agitational material with the establishment of the
586:
organisation as being the achievement of economic freedom and called for a party structure which gave full autonomy to every locality, and only seeking to bind these groups "to such central and general principles as were indispensable to the progress of the movement".
1044:
In July 1920 the fledgling Comintern gave an unequivocal reply: while the presence of communists inside the organisation was acknowledged, and their membership in a new Communist Party welcomed, there would be no joint organisation with those like "the Fabians,
602:
The new party was founded in a social environment of great hope and expectation. However, the first few years were difficult. The direction of the party, its leadership and organisation were heavily contested and the expected electoral progress did not emerge.
933:
section of London. Stewards at the door of the ILP meeting were overpowered by the mob, who in what was described as a "riotous scene" broke chairs and wielded their parts as weapons, seizing the auditorium and dispersing the socialists into the night.
836:
Until 1918, individuals could only join the Labour Party through an affiliated body, the most significant of which were the Fabian Society and the ILP. As a result, particularly from 1914, many individuals – particularly ones formerly active in the
489:
At a TUC meeting in September 1892, a call was issued for a meeting of advocates of an independent labour organisation. An arrangements committee was established and a conference called for the following January. This conference was chaired by
1249:
the cabinet. Instead, the group provided the left opposition to the Labour leadership. The 1930 ILP conference decided that where their policies diverged from the Labour Party their MPs should break the whip to support the ILP policy.
481:, the last of whom actually faced Liberal opposition. Hardie owed nothing to the Liberal Party for his election, and his critical and confrontational style in Parliament caused him to emerge as a national voice of the labour movement.
1150:, returned to office in 1924, proved to be hugely disappointing to the ILP. This came despite 30% of the cabinet holding ILP membership; of the most prominent of these figures, Ramsay MacDonald was removed as editor of the ILP's
1421:
on ethical grounds, and turned to the left. One aspect of its leftist policies in this period was that it opposed the war-time truce between the major parties and actively contested Parliamentary elections. One such contest, the
629:
states: 'collaboration with trade unionists with the ultimate object of tapping trade union funds for the attainment of Parliamentary power.' The socialism of the ILP was ideal for achieving this end; lacking as it did any real
335:
and similar notions of the ethical need for a restructuring of society, also saw the Liberals as the most obvious means for obtaining working-class representation. Within two years of its foundation in 1884, the gradualist
1232:
to public control, revise the operation of the Bank Acts and ensure that "control of credit is exercised in the national interest and not in the interest of powerful financial groups" by making creditors shift entirely to
673:
In the last years of the 19th century, four figures emerged on the NAC who remained at the centre of the party shaping its direction for the next 20 years. In addition to the beloved party leader Keir Hardie came the Scot
796:
as the branch secretary (1907–08) and first female delegate to a regional Labour Representative Committee. As the movement for women's suffrage grew, the ILP had engaged with the non-militant suffragists, for example,
1062:
The ECCI instead made its appeal directly to "the communists of the Independent Labour Party", noting that "the revolutionary forces of England are split up" and urging them to unite with communist members of the
694:. While there were substantial personal tensions between the four, they shared a fundamental view that the party should seek alliance with the unions and rather than an ideology-based socialist unity with the
1453:
and sought to publicise ideas such as workers' control. It also maintained links with the remnants of its fraternal groups, such as the POUM, who were in exile, as well as campaigning for decolonisation.
303:
As the nineteenth century came to a close, working-class representation in political office became a great concern for many Britons. Many who sought the election of working men and their advocates to the
904:
Others held true to the party and its principles. Ramsay MacDonald, a committed pacifist, immediately resigned the chairmanship of the Labour Party in the House of Commons. Keir Hardie, Philip Snowden,
553:
Despite the apparent timidity in naming the organisation, the inaugural conference overwhelmingly accepted that the object of the party should be "to secure the collective and communal ownership of the
1385:, who were sympathetic to the CPGB and eventually left to join that party. From the late 1930s the ILP had the support of several key figures in the tiny Pan-Africanist movement in Britain, including
1079:. "The emancipation of the British working class and of the working class of the whole world depends upon the Communist elements of England forming a single Communist Party", the ECCI declared.
849:
On 11 April 1914 the party celebrated its 21st anniversary with a congress in Bradford. The party had grown well in the previous decade, standing with a membership of approximately 30,000. The
1162:
The ILP's response to the first Labour government was to devise its own programme for government. Throughout 1928, the ILP developed a "Socialism in Our Time" platform, largely formulated by
286:, and to which the ILP was affiliated from 1906 to 1932. In 1947, the organisation's three parliamentary representatives defected to the Labour Party, and the organisation rejoined Labour as
2041:
743:
The emergence and growth of the Labour Party, a federation of trade unions with the socialist intellectuals of the ILP, helped its constituent parts develop and grow. In contrast to the
909:, and a small group of like-minded radical pacifists, maintained an unflinching opposition to the government and its pro-war Labour allies. The 1917 Russian Revolution Conference in
634:
basis it could accommodate practically anything a trade unionist was likely to demand. Fervent and emotional, the socialism of the ILP could accommodate, with only a little strain,
4917:
594:(NAC). This NAC was in turn to be made up of regionally appointed delegates who were in theory confined to act according to the instructions given them by branch conferences.
4273:
Moscow's Reply to the ILP: The Reply of the EC of the Communist International to the Questions of the British ILP, together with an Appeal to the Communists Inside the Party
712:
trade unionists could be persuaded to join the party out of a political commitment shaped by their industrial experiences, but connection with top leaderships was lacking.
1213:
690:, whose adhesion to the ILP had been secured in the wake of his disillusionment with the Liberal Party over its rejection of a trade unionist candidate in the
5066:
611:
708:
The relationship with the trade unions was also problematic. In the 1890s the ILP was lacking in alliances with the trade union organisations. Individual
4671:
1891:
1365:
From the mid-1930s onwards the ILP also attracted the attention of the Trotskyist movement, and various Trotskyist groups worked within it, notably the
1053:" who had previously made use of "the musty atmosphere of parliamentary work" and "petty concessions and compromises" on behalf of the labour movement:
5061:
4899:
4709:
1030:
4598:
McIlroy, John; Campbell, Alan (2011). "The Last Chance Saloon? The Independent Labour Party and Miners' Militancy in the Second World War Revisited".
5071:
4677:
3421:
354:
The idea of working with the middle-class Liberal Party to achieve working-class representation in parliament was not universally accepted, however.
204:
421:, an organisation which sought to function politically independently of either major political party. This initiative was replicated by others in
227:
450:. The latter collected some 3,500 names of those in favour of creating a party of labour independent from the existing political organisations.
5056:
5051:
429:, Huddersfield and Salford. Such developments showed that working-class support for separation from the Liberal Party was growing in strength.
1446:, in a seat it had won easily only three years earlier. The party was never again able to win a significant vote in a parliamentary election.
5046:
3811:
1646:
1009:
In addition to cutting its ties with the Second International, the 1920 Annual Conference of the ILP directed its executive to contact the
505:
About 130 delegates were in attendance at the conference, including, in addition to Hardie, such socialist and labour worthies as Alderman
107:
1442:(against a Labour opponent). However, all its MPs defected to Labour at various stages in 1947, and the party was roundly defeated at the
4795:
1541:
1026:
763:
which he was proud to have conducted "like a religious revival," without reference to specific political problems. Future party chairman
462:
1292:
478:
209:
3436:
31:
853:
membership of the party as well as its leadership were pacifist, now as ever, having held from the beginning that war was "sinful".
4540:
1286:. Five ILP members were returned to Westminster and created an ILP group outside the Labour Party. The ILP increasingly viewed the
502:. It proved to be the foundation conference of the Independent Labour Party, and MP Keir Hardie was elected as its first chairman.
3425:
621:" party of the working class, advocating a rather vague and amorphous socialist agenda. Historian Robert E. Dowse has observed:
4702:
716:
691:
279:
4681:
4374:
4018:
1856:
1711:
625:"From the beginning the ILP attempted to influence the trade unions to back a working-class political party: they sought, as
4985:
4783:
4747:
3778:
3745:
3712:
3677:
3642:
3607:
3572:
3537:
3502:
3467:
1279:
1123:
607:
454:
1224:. The ILP proposed to redistribute the national income, meeting the cost of the allowances by taxing high income earners.
2051:
1328:
1238:
1033:(ECCI) was asked for its positions on such matters as demands for rigid adherence to its programme, applicability of the
491:
409:
on foreign cloth; this led to a general cut in wages throughout the British textile industry. There followed a strike in
4991:
2046:
1741:
1706:
1661:
1443:
1439:
1283:
1139:
1103:
922:
559:
540:
17:
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bloodbath of 1914, and the ILP formally disaffiliated from the International in the spring of 1920. In January 1919,
5036:
4837:
4695:
4220:
3635:
1881:
1068:
748:
591:
4935:
4911:
4649:
1676:
1426:, resulted in the bizarre situation that the local Labour and Communist machinery campaigned against ILP candidate
1332:
1308:
1003:
890:
752:
305:
267:' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser,
4929:
4923:
4807:
4337:
1458:
1320:
1171:
1099:
1034:
438:
406:
287:
232:
127:
4473:
967:, a formation which held great appeal to a small section of the ILP's most radical members, including economist
4639:
1641:
1382:
1359:
547:
222:
801:, Parliamentary Secretary for the Scottish Women's Suffrage Societies, chaired a joint meeting with ILP, with
362:
between the working class and the capitalist class, rejected the idea of workers making common cause with the
1731:
1423:
1338:
The remaining ILP membership tended to be young and radical. They were particularly active in supporting the
1315:. Some members of the ILP who had chosen to remain within the Labour Party were instrumental in creating the
1098:
politics of the Third International, led it to leading a number of other European socialist groups into the "
856:
The guns of August 1914 shook every left organisation in Britain. As one observer later put it: "Hyndman and
316:
had been established to register and mobilise working-class voters on behalf of favoured Liberal candidates.
5041:
4967:
4271:
R. C. Wallhead and Clifford Allen, "Letter to ECCI", 21 May 1920. Reprinted in Left Wing Group of the ILP,
2016:
1691:
1587:
793:
698:
535:, and individual representatives of a number of other socialist and labour groups. German Socialist leader
532:
399:
371:
313:
155:
103:
99:
4573:
3900:
3600:
1916:
1574:
1316:
1274:("The Economic Consequences of Power Production") with the personal signatures of some members of the ILP
1014:
755:, the ILP had a loose and inspirational flavour that made it relatively more easy to attract newcomers.
661:. Although the mixture was a curious one, it did have the one overwhelming virtue of excluding nobody on
4084:
4825:
4042:
1946:
1816:
1568:
639:
4765:
1986:
1681:
1510:
906:
422:
247:
Portrait of ILP leader Keir Hardie painted at the time of the foundation of the organisation in 1893
4843:
4831:
3705:
3670:
2071:
1866:
1593:
1504:
1449:
Despite these blows, the ILP continued. Throughout the 1950s and into the early 1960s it pioneered
1221:
1147:
818:
470:
705:
candidates as possible to maximise exposure for the party and to accumulate a maximum total vote.
539:
was briefly permitted to address the gathering to pass along the best wishes for success from the
347:" candidates were subsequently elected Members of Parliament by this alliance of trade unions and
4905:
1339:
1266:
1064:
1018:
946:
Cover of a pamphlet by the Left Wing Group of the ILP, published in Glasgow in the summer of 1920
914:
830:
767:
later recounted the revivalist mood of the gatherings of his local ILP branch gathering in 1907:
382:, a Scot who had become convinced of the need for independent labour politics while working as a
4644:
4513:
3426:
https://archive.today/20120716063644/http://library-2.lse.ac.uk/archives/handlists/ILP/ILP.html
1766:
1282:
the ILP candidates refused to accept the standing orders of the Parliamentary Labour Party and
772:
736:
631:
383:
4126:
1457:
In the 1970s, the ILP reassessed its views on the Labour Party, and in 1975 it renamed itself
775:—we had a small voluntary orchestra, sang Labour songs and the speeches were mostly Socialist
527:. Some 91 local branches of the Independent Labour Party were represented, joined by 11 local
1450:
1010:
810:
720:
418:
321:
617:
From its beginning, the ILP was never a homogeneous unit, but rather attempted to act as a "
4997:
1971:
1951:
1826:
955:
882:
798:
426:
348:
163:
4212:
779:, emotion in denunciation of injustice, visionary in their anticipation of a new society."
566:
law, welfare programmes for orphans, widows, the elderly, the disabled, and the sick, the
324:(TUC), formed its own electoral committee in 1886 to further advance its electoral goals.
8:
4662:
4390:
Hunter, E. E. (9 November 1928). "Tory or Communist: Rhys Davies and Family Allowances".
1996:
1736:
1041:
to Great Britain, and its view on the necessity of armed force as a universal principle.
976:
665:
grounds, a circumstance, on the left and at the time, which cannot be lightly dismissed."
635:
555:
510:
391:
332:
4640:"Britain's Biggest Left Party, 1893–1945, and What Became of It: The history of the ILP"
4537:
4531:
The Failure of a Dream: The Independent Labour Party from Disaffiliation to World War II
4519:
1295:
or "Three-and-a-Half International", administered by the ILP and chaired by its leader,
1130:) and the party grew in stature. The ILP provided many of the new Labour MPs, including
4887:
4741:
4036:
4013:. Eustance, Claire., Ryan, Joan., Ugolini, Laura. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2000.
1976:
1911:
1686:
1374:
1366:
983:, C. H. Norman, and J. Wilson. They called themselves the Left Wing Group of the ILP.
838:
309:
264:
183:
178:
52:
1021:
brethren of the new Moscow international. In a letter dated 21 May 1920, ILP chairman
850:
709:
4973:
4615:
4370:
4356:
4216:
4119:
4024:
4014:
2066:
1861:
1796:
1771:
1726:
1398:
1390:
1343:
857:
433:
363:
283:
117:
259:) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in
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4607:
4405:
4362:
2031:
1981:
1966:
1851:
1831:
1721:
1535:
1498:
1287:
1217:
1163:
1135:
1046:
1038:
1022:
987:
744:
687:
567:
536:
414:
367:
275:
168:
457:, held in July, three working men were elected without support from the Liberals:
243:
4544:
4323:
4205:
4200:
3530:
2061:
2011:
1921:
1906:
1896:
1876:
1801:
1666:
1553:
1427:
1296:
1229:
1209:
784:
764:
474:
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with a view to establishing an all-inclusive international which would join the
876:
The ILP's insistence on standing by its long-held ethically based objections to
4789:
4587:
4139:
1991:
1871:
1841:
1836:
1806:
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1716:
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1656:
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1522:
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1386:
1370:
1351:
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all private enterprises which could not afford to pay them in order to resolve
1167:
1143:
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published in Glasgow, and sent greetings to the conference which established a
991:
980:
756:
679:
579:
528:
514:
447:
359:
337:
4366:
4275:. Glasgow: H. C. Glass for the Left Wing Group of the ILP, July 1920, pp. 2–3.
5030:
4619:
4611:
4028:
3872:
2056:
2021:
2006:
1961:
1956:
1936:
1811:
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1781:
1776:
1756:
1751:
1486:
1394:
1347:
1303:
1131:
1095:
972:
898:
894:
826:
822:
802:
675:
626:
606:
The party did not fare well in its first major test of national support, the
499:
147:
4340:(30 November 1928). "The New Leader: the case for 'Socialism in Our Time'".
498:
during 14–16 January 1893 at the Bradford Labour Institute, operated by the
340:
officially committed itself to a policy of permeation of the Liberal Party.
4979:
4867:
4858:
4849:
4813:
4801:
4687:
4666:
4500:
Romancing the Revolution, The Myth of Soviet Democracy and the British Left
4056:"Reports from Branches - Progress of the Week - Dundee: Women and Labour".
3565:
2036:
1901:
1886:
1846:
1821:
1786:
1746:
1671:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1547:
1435:
1418:
1402:
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886:
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563:
366:
Liberals in exchange for minor, palliative reform legislation. The British
5003:
4819:
4777:
4771:
4759:
4735:
3495:
2026:
1931:
1562:
1480:
1331:. In 1934 a breakaway group in the Northwest of England left to form the
968:
951:
942:
918:
870:
861:
683:
523:
506:
458:
387:
379:
268:
73:
678:, elected to the NAC in 1897 and succeeding Hardie as Chairman in 1900;
3874:'So peculiarly its own': the theological socialism of the Labour Church
2001:
1941:
1926:
1701:
1312:
999:
930:
877:
776:
575:
466:
432:
Further arguments for the formation of a new party were to be found in
4011:
Suffrage Reader : Charting Directions in British Suffrage History
1109:
817:
split in which many ILP branches and a few leading figures, including
1378:
1242:
1091:
964:
771:"On Sunday nights a meeting was conducted rather on the lines of the
662:
651:
643:
518:
328:
4893:
1354:
of volunteers to assist the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (
1117:
1087:
1076:
618:
571:
495:
410:
395:
260:
4626:
The ILP on Clydeside, 1893–1932: From Foundation to Disintegration
4408:(3 August 1928). "Labour and the bankers: The tactics of attack".
4538:"Skinning a Live Tiger Paw by Paw: Reform, Revolution and Labour"
4324:
Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 – 19
4211:. Boston, MA: Mariner Books, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp.
788:
695:
647:
355:
344:
4523:
1434:
blow came in 1946 when the party's best known public spokesman,
732:
312:
as the main vehicle for achieving this aim. As early as 1869, a
4672:
1924: The First Labour Government UK Parliament Living Heritage
3979:
London: Allen and Unwin, 1942; p. 24. Cited in John Callaghan,
1234:
960:
4330:
1261:
4507:
Under Siege: The Independent Labour Party in Interwar Britain
4310:
The Rise and Decline of Socialism in Great Britain, 1884–1924
4207:
To End All Wars – a story of loyalty and rebellion, 1914–1918
4144:
The Rise and Decline of Socialism in Great Britain, 1884–1924
1346:, and around twenty-five members and sympathisers, including
1072:
910:
1126:
several ILP members became MPs (including future ILP leader
1113:
A leaflet from Jimmie Maxton's first campaign for Parliament
873:. Only one section held aloof—the Independent Labour Party.
4570:
British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888–1906
4556:
Left in the Centre: The Independent Labour Party, 1893–1940
3897:
British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888–1906
1355:
1154:
in 1925, and Philip Snowden resigned from the ILP in 1927.
739:, Bristol headquarters of the ILP in the early 20th century
4520:
Red Clydeside: a history of the labour movement in Glasgow
4125:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp.
1319:, while the majority of Scottish members left to form the
4581:
MacDonald's Party: Labour Identities and Crisis 1922–1931
4398:
1381:
were members. There was also a group of ILP members, the
747:
of the SDF and its even more orthodox offshoots like the
4438:. Leeds: Independent Labour Publications, 1993. Page 23.
4261:. London: Lawrence and Wishart. pp. 25–26, 162–166.
783:
While this inspirational presentation of socialism as a
282:, which Hardie founded in 1900 and was soon renamed the
1102:" between 1921 and 1923. The party was a member of the
1029:
asked a further set of questions of the Comintern. The
4652:
Issue 3/85, 8 December 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
4592:
The Centennial History of the Independent Labour Party
937:
715:
The ILP played a central role in the formation of the
4676:
Archives of the Independent Labour Party are held at
4416:
3420:
Source: On-line Register of the ILP Archives at the
1184:
The nationalisation of banking, incompletely applied
1181:
A substantial increase of the Unemployment Allowance
263:, after local and national dissatisfaction with the
4188:
The Rise and Decline of Socialism in Great Britain,
4182:
4180:
4178:
1245:practised by the Treasury and the Bank of England.
4383:
4204:
4170:The Rise and Decline of Socialism in Great Britain
4157:The Rise and Decline of Socialism in Great Britain
4118:
1031:Executive Committee of the Communist International
3422:British Library of Political and Economic Science
787:necessity made the party accessible as a sort of
5028:
4628:. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991.
4493:Democratic Ideas and the British Labour Movement
4175:
3951:British Workers and the Independent Labour Party
1438:MP, died. The ILP narrowly held his seat in the
1118:The ILP and Labour Party governments (1922–1931)
986:The conservative leadership of the ILP, notably
351:intellectuals working within the Liberal Party.
331:intellectuals, particularly those influenced by
205:International Working Union of Socialist Parties
4597:
4259:History of the Communist Party of Great Britain
4199:
1252:
610:. With the NAC taking a lead in organising the
4361:. London: Macmillan Education UK. p. 66.
1174:. The programme consisted of eight policies:
979:, along with Charles Barber, Ernest H. Brown,
556:means of production, distribution and exchange
358:socialists, believing in the inevitability of
4703:
1094:politics of the Second International and the
398:he was instrumental in the foundation of the
274:The party remained positioned to the left of
5067:1975 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
4717:
4479:, as recorded by George Orwell in his diary.
4327:. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985.
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
1083:faction, which immediately joined the CPGB.
844:
546:A proposal was made by a Scottish delegate,
390:coalfield. Working with SDF members such as
108:Scottish United Trades Councils Labour Party
4252:
4250:
4248:
3927:, vol. 111, no. 12 (14 January 1893), p. 9.
3923:"Labour Politics: Conference at Bradford",
1262:From disaffiliation to the Second World War
417:strike, which produced as a by-product the
4710:
4696:
4404:
1412:
1293:International Revolutionary Marxist Centre
1157:
521:'s daughter Eleanor and translator of his
210:International Revolutionary Marxist Centre
5062:1893 establishments in the United Kingdom
4234:
4232:
3906:
3437:Independent Labour Party election results
2078:
963:issued a call for the formation of a new
913:called for "the complete independence of
293:
32:Independent Labour Party (disambiguation)
5072:Political parties disestablished in 1975
4624:* Alan McKinlay and R. J. Morris (eds),
4563:Socialist Women, Britain, 1880s to 1920s
4462:Belfast in the Thirties: An Oral History
4336:
4312:. London: Faber and Gwyer, 1926, p. 179.
4256:
4245:
4146:. London: Faber and Gwyer, 1926; p. 165.
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
1634:
1265:
1108:
941:
731:
242:
130:(pressure group inside the Labour Party)
4441:
3983:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990, p. 67.
3870:
1393:, as well as left-wing writers such as
1017:left-wing socialist parties with their
14:
5029:
4422:
4389:
4354:
4229:
3861:. London: Macmillan, 1954, p. ??.
975:, and the future Member of Parliament
825:, chose to amalgamate with the SDF of
692:1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election
484:
5057:Political parties established in 1893
5052:Labour movement in the United Kingdom
4691:
4358:A History of the British Labour Party
4242:, whole no. 4587 (8 July 1918), p. 2.
4116:
4103:
3938:Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey
3864:
1323:and members in Northern Ireland left
1178:The Living Wage, incompletely applied
562:and provide aid to the unemployed, a
405:In 1890, the United States imposed a
5047:Labour parties in the United Kingdom
4663:The Independent Labour Party Archive
1473:
1358:), a sister party to the ILP in the
727:
682:, an evangelical socialist from the
138:Mentmore Terrace, London (till 1964)
4077:
3430:
1329:Socialist Party of Northern Ireland
938:The ILP and the Third International
869:to the recruiting campaign for the
378:generation of activists, including
24:
4485:
1444:1948 Glasgow Camlachie by-election
1440:1946 Glasgow Bridgeton by-election
1284:stood without Labour Party support
1187:The bulk purchase of raw materials
1104:Labour and Socialist International
805:as key speaker in Dundee in 1914.
541:Social Democratic Party of Germany
25:
5083:
4656:
4606:(4). SAGE Publications: 871–896.
1468:
1350:, went to Spain as members of an
1214:interwar unemployment and poverty
1090:" of the ILP, caught between the
592:National Administrative Committee
386:and trade union organiser in the
370:established their own party, the
4583:. Oxford University Press, 2007.
4460:Ronaldo Munck and Bill Rolston,
4449:Labour and the Left in the 1930s
3824:
3823:
3791:
3790:
3758:
3757:
3725:
3724:
3690:
3689:
3655:
3654:
3620:
3619:
3585:
3584:
3550:
3549:
3515:
3514:
3480:
3479:
1424:Cardiff East by-election in 1942
1309:Communist Party of Great Britain
1216:, which it held to be caused by
1196:The nationalisation of transport
1006:, although they did not attend.
1004:Communist Party of Great Britain
759:recalled a 1906 campaign in the
753:Socialist Party of Great Britain
306:Parliament of the United Kingdom
51:
4633:The Origins of the Labour Party
4600:Journal of Contemporary History
4467:
4454:
4428:
4348:
4315:
4302:
4290:
4278:
4265:
4193:
4162:
4149:
4133:
4064:
4049:
4003:
3981:Socialism in Britain Since 1884
3877:(PhD). University of Birmingham
3859:The Origins of the Labour Party
1459:Independent Labour Publications
1190:The bulk purchase of foodstuffs
1100:Second and a Half International
1035:dictatorship of the proletariat
717:Labour Representation Committee
590:of a central body known as the
288:Independent Labour Publications
280:Labour Representation Committee
128:Independent Labour Publications
4491:Logie Barrow and Ian Bullock,
4060:. 15 January 1914. p. 11.
3986:
3969:
3956:
3943:
3930:
3889:
3851:
1383:Revolutionary Policy Committee
1360:Three-and-a-Half International
597:
223:Politics of the United Kingdom
13:
1:
4684:of these papers is available.
4650:Alliance for Workers' Liberty
4586:David James, Tony Jowitt and
4515:ILP: Independent Labour Party
4117:Cline, Catherine Ann (1963).
3996:, p. 24, cited in Callaghan,
1451:opposition to nuclear weapons
1430:in favour of a Conservative.
1299:, for most of its existence.
950:Following the termination of
298:
271:, became its first chairman.
4561:June Hannam and Karen Hunt,
3845:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3373:
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3325:
3318:
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3312:
3309:
3302:
3299:
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3293:
3286:
3283:
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3277:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3248:
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2167:
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2148:
2145:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
1417:As in 1914, the ILP opposed
1253:1931 ILP Scottish Conference
1241:, thus ending the policy of
1237:and possibly getting rid of
1193:The nationalisation of power
1025:and National Council member
699:Social Democratic Federation
533:Social Democratic Federation
372:Social Democratic Federation
314:Labour Representation League
104:Bloomsbury Socialist Society
7:
4574:Manchester University Press
4551:, Retrieved 4 October 2009.
4526:. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
3901:Manchester University Press
1333:Independent Socialist Party
1199:The nationalisation of land
10:
5088:
4635:. London: Macmillan, 1954.
4565:. London: Routledge, 2002.
4085:"Independent Labour Party"
3871:Johnson, Neil (May 2015).
3434:
2910:Jubilee Annual Conference
1208:across all industries and
442:, founded in 1891, and in
29:
4959:
4879:
4727:
4558:. London: Longmans, 1966.
4436:The ILP: Past and Present
4367:10.1007/978-1-349-25305-0
4297:Moscow's Reply to the ILP
4285:Moscow's Reply to the ILP
1987:Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
845:The ILP and the Great War
568:abolition of child labour
218:
198:International affiliation
197:
189:
177:
154:
142:
134:
123:
113:
95:
87:
79:
69:
59:
50:
41:
5037:Independent Labour Party
4720:Independent Labour Party
4612:10.1177/0022009411413404
4594:. Halifax: Ryburn, 1992.
4257:Klugmann, James (1968).
2072:Thomas Frederick Worrall
1867:Margaret Llewelyn Davies
1321:Scottish Socialist Party
1270:Dedication in a book by
1071:, and radical groups in
724:during its early years.
654:, and even a variety of
253:Independent Labour Party
193:Labour Party (1906–1932)
44:Independent Labour Party
4549:International Socialism
4524:Glasgow Digital Library
4355:Thorpe, Andrew (1997).
4238:"Peace Cranks Routed,"
3403:82nd Annual Conference
3388:81st Annual Conference
3374:80th Annual Conference
3358:79th Annual Conference
3342:78th Annual Conference
3326:77th Annual Conference
3310:76th Annual Conference
3294:75th Annual Conference
3278:74th Annual Conference
3262:73rd Annual Conference
3246:72nd Annual Conference
3230:71st Annual Conference
3214:70th Annual Conference
3198:69th Annual Conference
3182:68th Annual Conference
3166:67th Annual Conference
3150:66th Annual Conference
3134:65th Annual Conference
3118:64th Annual Conference
3102:63rd Annual Conference
3086:62nd Annual Conference
3070:61st Annual Conference
3054:60th Annual Conference
3038:59th Annual Conference
3022:58th Annual Conference
3006:57th Annual Conference
2990:56th Annual Conference
2974:55th Annual Conference
2958:54th Annual Conference
2942:53rd Annual Conference
2926:52nd Annual Conference
2894:50th Annual Conference
2878:49th Annual Conference
2862:48th Annual Conference
2846:47th Annual Conference
2830:46th Annual Conference
2814:45th Annual Conference
2798:44th Annual Conference
2782:43rd Annual Conference
2766:42nd Annual Conference
2750:41st Annual Conference
2734:40th Annual Conference
2718:39th Annual Conference
2702:38th Annual Conference
2686:37th Annual Conference
2670:36th Annual Conference
2654:35th Annual Conference
2638:34th Annual Conference
2622:33rd Annual Conference
2606:32nd Annual Conference
2590:31st Annual Conference
2574:30th Annual Conference
2558:29th Annual Conference
2542:28th Annual Conference
2526:27th Annual Conference
2510:26th Annual Conference
2494:25th Annual Conference
2478:24th Annual Conference
2462:23rd Annual Conference
2447:22nd Annual Conference
2431:21st Annual Conference
2415:20th Annual Conference
2399:19th Annual Conference
2383:18th Annual Conference
2367:17th Annual Conference
2351:16th Annual Conference
2335:15th Annual Conference
2319:14th Annual Conference
2303:13th Annual Conference
2287:12th Annual Conference
2271:11th Annual Conference
2255:10th Annual Conference
1727:Raymond "Ray" Challinor
1515:1913–14: J. Keir Hardie
1413:World War II and beyond
1302:The Labour left-winger
1158:1928 policy conferences
1148:first Labour government
1106:between 1923 and 1933.
1065:British Socialist Party
1019:revolutionary socialist
831:British Socialist Party
531:, four branches of the
343:A number of so-called "
179:Political position
27:British political party
5011:1949: Harley Millichap
4041:: CS1 maint: others (
2239:9th Annual Conference
2223:8th Annual Conference
2207:7th Annual Conference
2191:6th Annual Conference
2175:5th Annual Conference
2159:4th Annual Conference
2143:3rd Annual Conference
2127:2nd Annual Conference
2079:Conferences of the ILP
1275:
1114:
1069:Socialist Labour Party
1060:
954:in November 1918, the
947:
781:
773:Labour Church Movement
749:Socialist Labour Party
740:
719:in 1900, and when the
667:
294:Organisational history
248:
4089:LSE Library/home.aspx
2047:John Wilkinson Taylor
1635:Other notable members
1558:1934–39: James Maxton
1518:1914–17: F. W. Jowett
1280:1931 general election
1269:
1124:1922 general election
1112:
1055:
1011:Swiss Socialist Party
945:
829:in 1912 to found the
811:National Labour Press
769:
735:
623:
608:1895 general election
455:1892 general election
419:Bradford Labour Union
400:Scottish Labour Party
322:Trades Union Congress
246:
100:Scottish Labour Party
5008:1944: Percy Williams
4998:Charles Roden Buxton
4949:1964: Hira Mukherjee
4940:1955: Wilfred Wigham
4543:5 April 2012 at the
4533:. I.B. Tauris, 2007.
4477:report, 13 July 1939
4072:Socialism in Britain
3998:Socialism in Britain
3903:, 1984, pp. 471–484.
2481:Newcastle upon Tyne
2146:Newcastle upon Tyne
2110:Founding Conference
1972:Christabel Pankhurst
1952:Alfred Richard Orage
1707:Charles Roden Buxton
1662:George Nicoll Barnes
1622:1974–75: Stan Iveson
956:Second International
883:George Nicoll Barnes
881:breaking ranks were
799:Mary H. J. Henderson
640:Scottish nationalism
190:National affiliation
164:Democratic socialism
30:For other uses, see
5042:Anti-Stalinist left
4943:1962: Penny Lockett
4522:, a project of the
4338:Brockway, A. Fenner
3124:31 March – 2 April
2948:31 March – 2 April
2881:Nelson, Lancashire
2772:31 March – 3 April
2692:30 March – 2 April
2261:31 March – 1 April
1997:Shapurji Saklatvala
1817:Mary Agnes Hamilton
1737:Henry Hyde Champion
1613:1961–62: Fred Morel
1604:1957–60: Jim Graham
1536:Richard C. Wallhead
1499:J. Ramsay MacDonald
977:Shapurji Saklatvala
965:Third International
570:, the abolition of
511:George Bernard Shaw
485:Founding conference
392:Henry Hyde Champion
384:Gladstonian Liberal
333:Christian socialism
4952:1971: Barry Winter
4495:, 1880–1914 (1996)
4321:Kowalski, Werner.
4121:Recruits to Labour
3964:Left in the Centre
1977:Emmeline Pankhurst
1912:James Shaw Maxwell
1792:John Bruce Glasier
1687:Margaret Bondfield
1375:Denzil Dean Harber
1276:
1115:
948:
741:
580:eight-hour workday
492:William Henry Drew
368:orthodox Marxists
249:
18:Independent Labour
5024:
5023:
5017:1963: Don Bateman
4974:France Littlewood
4946:1963: Jenny Morel
4872:1974: Stan Iveson
4554:Robert E. Dowse,
4406:Brailsford, H. N.
4376:978-0-333-56081-5
4058:The Labour Leader
4020:978-1-4411-8885-4
3975:Fenner Brockway,
3936:Donald F. Busky,
3843:
3842:
3414:
3413:
2322:Stockton On-Tees
2067:Patricia Woodlock
1947:John William Muir
1892:Fenton Macpherson
1862:France Littlewood
1797:Katharine Glasier
1772:Charlotte Despard
1631:
1630:
1399:Reginald Reynolds
1391:Chris Braithwaite
1344:Spanish Civil War
996:The International
858:Cunningham Graham
728:The party matures
652:Fabian gradualism
434:Robert Blatchford
241:
240:
228:Political parties
124:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
5079:
4863:1961: Fred Morel
4854:1957: Jim Graham
4754:Ramsay MacDonald
4721:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4682:online catalogue
4638:Ryan, Mordecai.
4623:
4512:Byers, Michael.
4480:
4471:
4465:
4458:
4452:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4334:
4328:
4319:
4313:
4308:Joseph Clayton,
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4254:
4243:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4210:
4197:
4191:
4184:
4173:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4147:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4114:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4075:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4040:
4032:
4007:
4001:
3990:
3984:
3977:Inside the Left.
3973:
3967:
3960:
3954:
3947:
3941:
3934:
3928:
3921:
3904:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3868:
3862:
3857:Pelling, Henry.
3855:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3556:136,208 (No. 6)
3553:
3552:
3545:
3521:239,280 (No. 6)
3518:
3517:
3510:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3441:
3440:
3431:Election results
2087:
2086:
2032:Campbell Stephen
1982:Sylvia Pankhurst
1967:Minnie Pallister
1852:Mary Burns Laird
1832:Ernest E. Hunter
1722:Edward Carpenter
1712:James Carmichael
1487:J. Bruce Glasier
1474:
1317:Socialist League
1288:Great Depression
1218:underconsumption
1164:H. N. Brailsford
1152:Socialist Review
1136:Emanuel Shinwell
1047:Ramsay MacDonald
1023:Richard Wallhead
1015:internationalist
988:Ramsay MacDonald
745:Orthodox Marxism
688:Ramsay MacDonald
612:party's contests
537:Edward Bernstein
529:Fabian Societies
494:and was held in
415:Manningham Mills
374:(SDF), in 1881.
276:Ramsay MacDonald
169:Centrist Marxism
114:Merged into
96:Preceded by
55:
39:
38:
21:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5014:1953: Anne Gill
4955:
4930:Fenner Brockway
4912:Francis Johnson
4875:
4808:Fenner Brockway
4723:
4719:
4716:
4659:
4648:, organ of the
4642:. Published in
4631:Henry Pelling,
4545:Wayback Machine
4518:. Published on
4488:
4486:Further reading
4483:
4472:
4468:
4459:
4455:
4446:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4403:
4399:
4388:
4384:
4377:
4353:
4349:
4335:
4331:
4320:
4316:
4307:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4283:
4279:
4270:
4266:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4201:Adam Hochschild
4198:
4194:
4185:
4176:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4150:
4138:
4134:
4115:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4034:
4033:
4021:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3994:Inside the Left
3991:
3987:
3974:
3970:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3944:
3935:
3931:
3922:
3907:
3895:Howell, David.
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3869:
3865:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3820:
3817:
3787:
3784:
3754:
3751:
3721:
3718:
3686:
3683:
3651:
3648:
3626:4,112 (No. 11)
3616:
3613:
3591:46,769 (No. 8)
3581:
3578:
3546:
3543:
3531:Fenner Brockway
3511:
3508:
3486:34,433 (No. 5)
3476:
3473:
3439:
3433:
2418:Merthyr Tydfil
2081:
2076:
2062:Ellen Wilkinson
2052:Josiah Wedgwood
2012:Olive Schreiner
1922:Hannah Mitchell
1907:Caroline Martyn
1897:Mary Macpherson
1877:Andrew MacLaren
1802:Frederick Gould
1692:George Buchanan
1667:George Lansbury
1637:
1632:
1580:
1554:Fenner Brockway
1528:
1471:
1465:inside Labour.
1428:Fenner Brockway
1415:
1311:(CPGB) and the
1297:Fenner Brockway
1264:
1255:
1230:Bank of England
1160:
1146:. However, the
1120:
940:
847:
794:Alice Morrissey
765:Fenner Brockway
730:
600:
487:
475:Havelock Wilson
444:Workman's Times
364:petty bourgeois
301:
296:
237:
214:
173:
106:
102:
46:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5085:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4986:Philip Snowden
4982:
4976:
4970:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4900:John Robertson
4896:
4890:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4864:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4810:
4804:
4798:
4796:Clifford Allen
4792:
4790:R. C. Wallhead
4786:
4784:Philip Snowden
4780:
4774:
4768:
4766:W. C. Anderson
4762:
4756:
4750:
4748:Philip Snowden
4744:
4738:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4674:
4669:
4658:
4657:External links
4655:
4654:
4653:
4636:
4629:
4595:
4588:Keith Laybourn
4584:
4579:David Howell,
4577:
4572:. Manchester:
4568:David Howell,
4566:
4559:
4552:
4534:
4527:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4466:
4464:, pp. 145, 148
4453:
4440:
4434:Barry Winter,
4427:
4415:
4410:The New Leader
4397:
4392:The New Leader
4382:
4375:
4347:
4342:The New Leader
4329:
4314:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4264:
4244:
4228:
4221:
4192:
4174:
4161:
4148:
4140:Joseph Clayton
4132:
4102:
4076:
4063:
4048:
4019:
4002:
3985:
3968:
3955:
3953:, pp. 301–327.
3942:
3929:
3925:Glasgow Herald
3905:
3899:. Manchester:
3888:
3863:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
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3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3696:3,334 (No. 9)
3694:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3661:4,057 (No. 7)
3659:
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3647:
3645:
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3470:
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3448:
3445:
3435:Main article:
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2999:
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2240:
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2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:14–16 January
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:John S. Taylor
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Joseph Pointer
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Mary Macarthur
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:David Kirkwood
1839:
1837:C. L. R. James
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Victor Grayson
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Helen Crawfurd
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:John S. Clarke
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Kay Carmichael
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Joseph Burgess
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:Edward Aveling
1654:
1652:Clement Attlee
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1614:
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1602:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1542:Clifford Allen
1538:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:Philip Snowden
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:W. C. Anderson
1507:
1501:
1495:
1493:Philip Snowden
1489:
1483:
1472:
1470:
1469:List of chairs
1467:
1463:pressure group
1414:
1411:
1387:George Padmore
1371:C. L. R. James
1352:ILP Contingent
1272:Fred Henderson
1263:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1168:John A. Hobson
1159:
1156:
1144:David Kirkwood
1119:
1116:
1027:Clifford Allen
998:, a four-page
992:Philip Snowden
981:Helen Crawfurd
939:
936:
907:W. C. Anderson
846:
843:
757:Victor Grayson
729:
726:
680:Philip Snowden
599:
596:
515:Edward Aveling
486:
483:
463:West Ham South
448:Joseph Burgess
360:class struggle
338:Fabian Society
300:
297:
295:
292:
239:
238:
236:
235:
230:
225:
219:
216:
215:
213:
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61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
43:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5035:
5034:
5032:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4993:
4992:George Benson
4989:
4987:
4983:
4981:
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4909:
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4860:
4856:
4853:
4851:
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4845:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:John McGovern
4823:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4785:
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4779:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4742:Bruce Glasier
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4651:
4647:
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4637:
4634:
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4609:
4605:
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4571:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4529:Gidon Cohen,
4528:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4508:
4505:Ian Bullock,
4504:
4501:
4498:Ian Bullock,
4497:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4463:
4457:
4450:
4447:Ben Pimlott,
4444:
4437:
4431:
4425:, p. 80.
4424:
4419:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4339:
4333:
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4325:
4318:
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3892:
3876:
3875:
3867:
3860:
3854:
3850:
3839:Emrys Thomas
3838:
3835:
3832:
3830:991 (No. 25)
3829:
3822:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3806:Emrys Thomas
3805:
3802:
3799:
3797:847 (No. 18)
3796:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:Emrys Thomas
3772:
3769:
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3764:441 (No. 14)
3763:
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3322:
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3146:
3145:
3130:
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3114:
3113:
3098:
3097:
3082:
3081:
3066:
3065:
3057:New Brighton
3050:
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3034:
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3018:
3017:
3002:
3001:
2986:
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2970:
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2714:
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2682:
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2602:
2601:
2586:
2585:
2570:
2569:
2554:
2553:
2538:
2537:
2529:Huddersfield
2522:
2521:
2506:
2505:
2490:
2489:
2474:
2473:
2458:
2457:
2443:
2442:
2427:
2426:
2411:
2410:
2395:
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2363:
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2354:Huddersfield
2347:
2346:
2331:
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2315:
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2299:
2298:
2283:
2282:
2267:
2266:
2251:
2250:
2235:
2234:
2219:
2218:
2203:
2202:
2187:
2186:
2171:
2170:
2155:
2154:
2139:
2138:
2133:2–3 February
2123:
2122:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:John Wheatley
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Ethel Snowden
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Alfred Salter
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Walter Padley
1960:
1958:
1957:George Orwell
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:Oswald Mosley
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Jim Griffiths
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Isabella Ford
1780:
1778:
1777:R. Palme Dutt
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:A. E. Coppard
1755:
1753:
1752:Seymour Cocks
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
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1688:
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1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:Charles Ammon
1640:
1639:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1569:John McGovern
1566:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1461:and became a
1460:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:George Orwell
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:Marxist Group
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:George Orwell
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1304:Aneurin Bevan
1300:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:gold reserves
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:minimum wages
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:John Wheatley
1129:
1125:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:revolutionary
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1039:Soviet system
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
973:R. Palme Dutt
971:, journalist
970:
966:
962:
957:
953:
944:
935:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
902:
900:
899:G. H. Roberts
896:
895:George Wardle
892:
888:
884:
879:
874:
872:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
851:rank and file
842:
840:
839:Liberal Party
834:
832:
828:
827:H. M. Hyndman
824:
823:Russell Smart
820:
814:
812:
806:
804:
803:Ethel Snowden
800:
795:
790:
786:
780:
778:
774:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
738:
737:Kingsley Hall
734:
725:
722:
718:
713:
711:
710:rank and file
706:
702:
700:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:Bruce Glasier
671:
666:
664:
660:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
627:Henry Pelling
622:
620:
615:
613:
609:
604:
595:
593:
587:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
551:
549:
548:George Carson
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
517:, partner of
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
500:Labour Church
497:
493:
482:
480:
479:Middlesbrough
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
440:
436:'s newspaper
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
334:
330:
325:
323:
317:
315:
311:
310:Liberal Party
307:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
245:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
182:
180:
176:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
157:
153:
150:
149:
148:Labour Leader
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
49:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4980:T. D. Benson
4888:Shaw Maxwell
4868:Emrys Thomas
4859:Annie Maxton
4850:Annie Maxton
4838:David Gibson
4814:James Maxton
4802:James Maxton
4718:
4667:marxists.org
4643:
4632:
4625:
4603:
4599:
4591:
4580:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4530:
4514:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4474:
4469:
4461:
4456:
4451:, pp.100–101
4448:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4418:
4412:. p. 4.
4409:
4400:
4394:. p. 5.
4391:
4385:
4357:
4350:
4344:. p. 3.
4341:
4332:
4322:
4317:
4309:
4304:
4299:, pp. 31–32.
4296:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4272:
4267:
4258:
4240:Daily Mirror
4239:
4206:
4195:
4187:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4120:
4093:. Retrieved
4088:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4057:
4051:
4010:
4005:
4000:, pp. 66–67.
3997:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3963:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3896:
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3873:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3731:923 (No. 8)
3636:David Gibson
3597:Third party
3566:James Maxton
3562:Third party
3527:Third party
3492:Third party
3453:Total votes
3419:
3391:Scarborough
3364:10–12 April
3348:28–30 March
3316:13–15 April
3300:25–27 March
3268:17–19 April
3252:28–30 March
3236:13–15 April
3220:21–23 April
3201:Scarborough
3188:16–18 April
3172:28–30 March
3140:20–22 April
3137:Whitley Bay
3076:17–19 April
3060:12–14 April
3044:24–26 March
3025:Whitley Bay
3012:16–18 April
2996:27–29 March
2964:20–22 April
2916:24–26 April
2884:12–14 April
2868:23–25 March
2849:Scarborough
2836:16–19 April
2820:27–30 March
2804:11–14 April
2788:20–23 April
2756:15–18 April
2740:26–29 March
2721:Scarborough
2708:19–22 April
2660:15–19 April
2641:Whitley Bay
2628:10–14 April
2580:16–18 April
2564:26–29 March
2532:19–22 April
2484:23–24 April
2405:17–18 April
2373:10–13 April
2357:20–21 April
2309:24–25 April
2277:13–14 April
2229:16–17 April
2197:11–12 April
2181:19–20 April
2149:15–17 April
2037:R. H. Tawney
1902:Cecil Malone
1887:Neil Maclean
1882:John Maclean
1822:J. A. Hobson
1787:Peter Fraser
1747:J. R. Clynes
1732:Tom Chambers
1682:John Beckett
1677:Harry Barnes
1672:Mary Barbour
1625:
1618:Emrys Thomas
1609:Annie Maxton
1600:Annie Maxton
1588:David Gibson
1579:
1548:James Maxton
1527:
1505:F. W. Jowett
1456:
1448:
1436:James Maxton
1432:
1419:World War II
1416:
1407:
1403:Ethel Mannin
1364:
1342:side in the
1337:
1327:to form the
1324:
1301:
1277:
1256:
1247:
1226:
1202:
1161:
1151:
1140:Tom Johnston
1128:James Maxton
1121:
1085:
1081:
1061:
1056:
1043:
1008:
995:
985:
949:
927:
903:
891:James Parker
887:J. R. Clynes
875:
855:
848:
835:
819:Leonard Hall
815:
807:
785:humanitarian
782:
770:
761:Colne Valley
742:
721:Labour Party
714:
707:
703:
672:
668:
659:conservatism
624:
616:
605:
601:
588:
584:
564:minimum-wage
560:unemployment
552:
545:
522:
504:
488:
452:
446:, edited by
443:
437:
431:
423:Colne Valley
404:
376:
353:
342:
326:
318:
302:
284:Labour Party
273:
256:
252:
250:
146:
135:Headquarters
118:Labour Party
63:
60:Abbreviation
36:
5004:Fred Jowett
4968:John Lister
4936:John McNair
4918:John Taylor
4880:Secretaries
4844:Fred Barton
4832:Bob Edwards
4820:C. A. Smith
4778:Fred Jowett
4772:Keir Hardie
4760:Fred Jowett
4736:Keir Hardie
4678:LSE Library
4536:Cox, Judy.
4423:Thorpe 1997
4070:Callaghan,
3881:19 December
3740:Fred Morel
3706:Fred Barton
3671:Fred Barton
3601:Bob Edwards
3496:Keir Hardie
3284:9–11 April
3108:9–11 April
3028:8–10 April
2932:8–10 April
2865:Nottingham
2852:8–10 April
2833:Manchester
2705:Birmingham
2676:6–10 April
2625:Gloucester
2577:Nottingham
2500:8–10 April
2434:Manchester
2402:Birmingham
2306:Manchester
2194:Birmingham
2162:Nottingham
2130:Manchester
2027:Hope Squire
2017:Harry Snell
1932:E. D. Morel
1917:John McNair
1827:S.G. Hobson
1767:Rose Davies
1647:John Alpass
1594:Fred Barton
1575:Bob Edwards
1563:C. A. Smith
1481:Keir Hardie
1479:1894–1900:
1369:, of which
1313:Trotskyists
1222:Rhys Davies
1210:nationalize
969:Emile Burns
952:World War I
684:West Riding
632:theoretical
598:Early years
524:Das Kapital
507:Ben Tillett
459:Keir Hardie
439:The Clarion
388:Lanarkshire
380:Keir Hardie
269:Keir Hardie
74:Keir Hardie
5031:Categories
4960:Treasurers
4924:John Paton
4906:John Penny
4645:Solidarity
4095:3 February
3992:Brockway,
3966:, pp. 6–7.
3447:Seats won
3361:Morecambe
3345:Morecambe
3332:5–7 April
3329:Morecambe
3313:Morecambe
3297:Blackpool
3281:Blackpool
3265:Blackpool
3249:Southport
3217:Blackpool
3204:1–3 April
3169:Morecambe
3156:5–7 April
3153:Harrogate
3105:Harrogate
3041:Blackpool
3009:Blackpool
2993:Southport
2980:5–7 April
2961:Southport
2945:Blackpool
2900:4–6 April
2897:Morecambe
2737:Blackpool
2724:4–7 April
2657:Leicester
2644:2–6 April
2561:Southport
2548:3–6 April
2516:1–2 April
2513:Leicester
2468:5–6 April
2421:8–9 April
2370:Edinburgh
2293:4–5 April
2258:Liverpool
2245:8–9 April
2242:Leicester
2213:3–4 April
2165:6–7 April
2102:Delegates
2002:Ada Salter
1942:Edwin Muir
1927:Amy Morant
1857:Jennie Lee
1847:Jim Larkin
1702:John Burns
1340:Republican
1172:Frank Wise
1000:broadsheet
931:Abbey Wood
878:militarism
777:evangelism
636:temperance
467:John Burns
299:Background
4620:0022-0094
4475:The Times
4186:Clayton,
4172:, p. 166.
4168:Clayton,
4159:, p. 165.
4155:Clayton,
4037:cite book
4029:952932390
3846:Footnotes
3836:No seats
3803:No seats
3770:No seats
3737:No seats
3702:No seats
3667:No seats
3632:No seats
3459:Position
3444:Election
3233:Bradford
3185:Wallasey
3089:Bradford
2913:Bradford
2689:Carlisle
2450:Bradford
2113:Bradford
2096:Location
1616:1962–74:
1607:1960–61:
1598:1953–57:
1592:1951–53:
1586:1948–51:
1573:1943–48:
1567:1941–43:
1561:1939–41:
1552:1931–34:
1546:1926–31:
1540:1923–26:
1534:1920–23:
1521:1917–20:
1509:1910–13:
1503:1909–10:
1497:1906–09:
1491:1903–06:
1485:1900–03:
1379:Ted Grant
1243:deflation
1092:reformist
871:Great War
644:Methodism
578:, and an
576:piecework
519:Karl Marx
509:, author
471:Battersea
402:in 1888.
329:socialist
290:in 1975.
233:Elections
184:Left-wing
143:Newspaper
88:Dissolved
4894:Tom Mann
4541:Archived
4203:(2011).
4074:, p. 67.
3949:Howell,
3073:Glasgow
2817:Glasgow
2801:Keighly
2673:Norwich
2545:Glasgow
2465:Norwich
2290:Cardiff
2226:Glasgow
1325:en masse
1088:centrism
1077:Scotland
1037:and the
751:and the
663:dogmatic
638:reform,
619:big tent
572:overtime
496:Bradford
411:Bradford
396:Tom Mann
308:saw the
265:Liberals
261:Bradford
156:Ideology
4576:, 1983.
4287:, p. 6.
4190:p. 167.
4127:102–103
3962:Dowse,
3818:0 / 635
3785:0 / 630
3752:0 / 630
3719:0 / 630
3684:0 / 630
3649:0 / 625
3614:0 / 625
3579:3 / 640
3544:4 / 615
3509:3 / 615
3474:0 / 670
3462:Leader
3121:London
2593:London
2386:London
2178:London
1278:At the
1235:cheques
1122:At the
1051:Snowden
915:Ireland
789:secular
696:Marxist
656:Burkean
648:Marxism
453:At the
427:Halifax
356:Marxist
349:radical
345:Lib-Lab
80:Founded
70:Founder
5002:1927:
4996:1924:
4990:1923:
4984:1920:
4978:1902:
4972:1896:
4966:1893:
4934:1939:
4928:1933:
4922:1927:
4916:1924:
4910:1903:
4904:1898:
4898:1895:
4892:1894:
4886:1893:
4866:1962:
4857:1960:
4848:1953:
4842:1951:
4836:1948:
4830:1943:
4824:1941:
4818:1939:
4812:1934:
4806:1931:
4800:1926:
4794:1923:
4788:1920:
4782:1917:
4776:1914:
4770:1913:
4764:1910:
4758:1909:
4752:1906:
4746:1903:
4740:1900:
4734:1894:
4728:Chairs
4618:
4590:(eds)
4509:(2017)
4502:(2011)
4373:
4219:
4027:
4017:
3406:Leeds
3092:April
2929:Leeds
2785:Derby
2753:Derby
2612:April
2596:April
2497:Leeds
2437:March
2389:March
2341:April
2338:Derby
2325:April
2210:Leeds
2099:Dates
1626:
1067:, the
1049:, and
961:Moscow
866:Clynes
862:Thorne
686:, and
513:, and
473:, and
413:, the
407:tariff
4680:. An
4091:. LSE
3833:0.0%
3800:0.0%
3767:0.0%
3734:0.0%
3699:0.0%
3664:0.1%
3629:0.0%
3594:0.2%
3559:0.7%
3524:1.2%
3489:1.0%
3400:1974
3385:1973
3371:1972
3355:1971
3339:1970
3323:1969
3307:1968
3291:1967
3275:1966
3259:1965
3243:1964
3227:1963
3211:1962
3195:1961
3179:1960
3163:1959
3147:1958
3131:1957
3115:1956
3099:1955
3083:1954
3067:1953
3051:1952
3035:1951
3019:1950
3003:1949
2987:1948
2971:1947
2955:1946
2939:1945
2923:1944
2907:1943
2891:1942
2875:1941
2859:1940
2843:1939
2827:1938
2811:1937
2795:1936
2779:1935
2769:York
2763:1934
2747:1933
2731:1932
2715:1931
2699:1930
2683:1929
2667:1928
2651:1927
2635:1926
2619:1925
2609:York
2603:1924
2587:1923
2571:1922
2555:1921
2539:1920
2523:1919
2507:1918
2491:1917
2475:1916
2459:1915
2444:1914
2428:1913
2412:1912
2396:1911
2380:1910
2364:1909
2348:1908
2332:1907
2316:1906
2300:1905
2284:1904
2274:York
2268:1903
2252:1902
2236:1901
2220:1900
2204:1899
2188:1898
2172:1897
2156:1896
2140:1895
2124:1894
2107:1893
2093:Name
2090:Year
1086:The "
1073:Wales
923:Egypt
919:India
911:Leeds
327:Many
4616:ISSN
4371:ISBN
4217:ISBN
4097:2016
4043:link
4025:OCLC
4015:ISBN
3883:2019
3812:1974
3779:1970
3746:1966
3713:1959
3678:1955
3643:1951
3608:1950
3573:1945
3538:1935
3503:1931
3468:1895
2977:Ayr
2119:120
1401:and
1389:and
1377:and
1356:POUM
1170:and
1142:and
1075:and
990:and
921:and
897:and
864:and
821:and
574:and
394:and
251:The
91:1975
83:1893
4665:at
4608:doi
4363:doi
4213:274
925:".
477:in
469:in
461:in
278:'s
257:ILP
64:ILP
5033::
4614:.
4604:46
4602:.
4547:,
4369:.
4247:^
4231:^
4215:.
4177:^
4142:,
4105:^
4087:.
4039:}}
4035:{{
4023:.
3908:^
3456:%
3450:±
3424:,
1405:.
1397:,
1373:,
1362:.
1335:.
1166:,
1138:,
1134:,
917:,
901:.
893:,
889:,
885:,
860:,
833:.
813:.
701:.
650:,
646:,
642:,
582:.
543:.
465:,
425:,
4711:e
4704:t
4697:v
4622:.
4610::
4379:.
4365::
4225:.
4129:.
4099:.
4045:)
4031:.
3940:.
3885:.
255:(
34:.
20:)
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