Independent record label

518:, and the number of label owners began to increase. Many of these owners realized that whichever label first publishes a song is legally entitled to receive compensation for every record sold. Jazz musicians pioneered a new subset of independent labels, companies operated by the artists themselves. Following the original pioneers of the music industry, many new labels were launched over the following decades by people with industry experience. From the 1940s to 1950s, R&B indie labels such as Savoy, Apollo, King, Modern, Mercury, Imperial, Specialty, Red Robin, Duke and 1075: 1492:, sixth largest music market in the world in terms of revenue and ahead of countries with higher populations such as Canada and South Korea. Digital revenue, at 44%, had overtaken that coming from physical sales, at 33%. A spokesperson from the company Unified Music Group said that governments were beginning to recognise the financial and cultural worth of a thriving music industry, but there was still a big challenge for the independents to compete with well-funded tech companies that have an anti- 983:

experience, the label managed to make it into the 1990s with a number of dance and hip-hop hits by artists such as Silver Bullet and A Homeboy, Hippy and A Funky Dread (issued on Savage's Tam Tam dance label). Around the time Soho had their top ten UK hit, Mimran decided that Savage would not just be a British indie, but would be an American major instead. Savage Records went on a spending spree in America, which resulted in them opening plush offices on Broadway, hiring Michael Jackson's manager

974:(a 'boutique' semi-independent label which followed Ames from Polygram to Warners when he became CEO). London Recordings did not have to buy Factory out right because the artists owned the masters and so London could pick and choose which acts they wanted, dealing with them directly (though due to problems with the administration, London did not get the rights to New Order's catalogue for a couple of years and so a company called CentreDate Co Ltd was set up to license them back to London). 188: 1430: 8601: 86: 45: 8588: 2212: 1266:

with the chart of 20 November to 26 November 2020, having KSI and Craig David at number one with their BMG released single "Really Love", BTS at number two with "Dynamite" and AJ Tracey at number three with "West Ten". Apart from re-issues and oldies by people like the White Stripes and Arctic Monkeys, the nearest to a new indie band hit is pop guitar band

688:) and tours by train. Even though Stiff Records released the UK's first punk single, ("New Rose" by The Damned on 22 October 1976), the company is sometimes excluded from various lists of 'greatest independent labels' due to its association with Island Records in the 1980s (though ranked at number 7 on the NME's list from 2015). 1066:(both record company and festival would use similar 'V' branding, as Branson could not use the full Virgin name for any projects involving music). This British independent label would be joined by other V2 Records around the world, with V2 Records Benelux founded in 1997, a record company which continues to operate to this day. 1877:(Belgium/The Netherlands, 1997– ); originally set up by Richard Branson as part of his V2 International group (a successor to Virgin Records) but bought by the local management team in 2007, when it became a separate independent company along with Bertus Distribution. Currently V2 Benelux/Bertus represents 1589:

and not to be confused with the major-minor record labels of the 1980s (Virgin, Island, Chrysalis and Jive). Major Minor Records was known for picking up the rights to "Je t'aime... moi non plus" by Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg, getting the song to number one after it had been deleted by Fontana.

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for their Hit Mix series. Coming before the Acid House-era the first Hit Mix album in 1986 still had a large amount of pop hits from mainstream chart stars like Kajagoogoo, Kate Bush and Nik Kershaw, but Paul Dakeyne & Les 'L.A. Mix' Adams mixed 86 tracks onto four-sides of vinyl, while follow-up

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set up Media Records in Brescia, northern Italy to release his 'commercial European dance music', a set-up which included fifteen studios featuring various production teams working almost non-stop on a huge number of records (usually promoted by a 'front' of models-turned-singers and various rappers)

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The late 1970s had seen the establishment of independent distribution companies such as Pinnacle and Spartan, providing independent labels an effective means of distribution without involving the major labels. Distribution was further improved with the establishment of 'The Cartel', an association of

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ethos creating an even greater proliferation of independent labels. Scholars of punk from Dave Laing (1985) to Matt Worley (2017) have consistently argued that independent labels were, along with self-produced punk fanzines, key to punk's influential DIY heart. Worth noting here though is a challenge

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Also in 1991 Rough Trade Distribution went bankrupt, causing a number of indie labels to stop trading (including Rough Trade itself and - indirectly - Factory, who had already spent a large amount of money on various projects such as their headquarters at Fac251) and others to be sold off in part to

1779:(UK, 1983–2000); founded by Alan McGee, Dick Green, and Joe Foster, and sold to Sony in the 1990s In 2018, McGee launched a new incarnation of the label specialising in 7 inch vinyl singles called Creation23, which was rebranded as "It's Creation, Baby" in 2021, with the release of its first album. 1484:

of the industry in Australia. It showed that indie labels represented 30% of revenue generated by the Australian recorded music market, and that 57% of independent sector revenue was from Australian artists, which put the Australian sector in the Top 10 global list of mainly English-speaking indie

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Apart from a couple of appearances from Kylie Minogue and a few releases on XL Recordings, the Official Independent Singles Chart Top 50 would be alien to anyone who remembered the indie chart from 1990. It is now more likely for grime, dance and K-Pop artists to be in the Top 10 than indie bands,

656:, set up by the Gordon Mills' Management Agency & Music company. However MAM, like many of the small independents in the United Kingdom ended up signing a distribution deal with a major to remain viable, with MAM's records being licensed and distributed by Decca until it was sold to Chrysalis. 1285:

on 25 September 2020, an album self-funded, marketed and distributed from his home in Scotland. As he did not partner with a record label like BMG, he missed out on a top ten album chart placing when early sales revealed that he would have been number 2 on the UK midweek charts behind that week's

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a £1.5 million record deal. Like Savage Records a decade earlier Telstar did not stick to their niche (they started off as a compilations label - similar to Ronco and K-Tel - before signing children's TV stars and dance acts to their XSRhythm and Multiply labels) and tried to operate in a similar

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These are labels dating from before the punk era, which had become 'too big' by the 1980s. Like many famous indie labels of the period 1976-1990 they are usually associated with a 'talisman figure' (usually the person who set up the label) and have strong associations with certain types of music

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and their Smiths-sampling indie-dance hit "Hippychick" in 1991) was set up by the Swiss teenager in 1986 and funded by his multi-millionaire father. Due to the almost endless financing of his father and the fact their A&R manager (a Swiss record shop owner called Bernard Fanin) had industry

807:. By the late 1980s, the major labels had identified that there was an opportunity in indie music and so teamed up with many of the main figures of the indie scene to launch indie music record labels. WEA (Warner/Elektra/Atlantic) teamed up with Geoff Travis and él Records' Mike Alway to launch 1568:

in 1959 as a motion picture soundtrack label; formally organized in 1971 as Allied Artists Records enlarging genres to include pop, rock and heavy metal; rebranded to consolidate anchor labels and numerous imprints in 2000, becoming Allied Artists Music Group, an Independent label with its own

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In the UK, the indie chart was still a valuable marketing tool (especially when targeting readers of the NME, Select and various student publications) and so the Britpop-era gave rise to the idea of the 'fake indie'. The 'fake indie' would be a record label owned by a major company but whose

954:(with the latter brand picked up from Telstar) would turn-up in the compilations top 20 so regularly that the majors became interested, with Sony taking over Ministry of Sound's record company and AATW getting into a joint-venture with Universal Music TV, which ended up with the firm running 1035:

on Sony's Fauve Records. However, at this point its worth noting that Sony owned half of Creation Records at the time (with Alan McGee too important within the scene to be labelled a 'fake'), that Fauve Records was set up as part of a labels deal between Epic and former dance music label

1865:(UK, 1993– ); founded by Korda Marshall who became managing director of Mushroom Records UK, a record company sold to WMG as A&E Records. Marshall teamed up again with Mushroom's Michael Gudinski to relaunch the indie music label in 2009, which was bought by BMG in 2014. 1368:

After Wenham's departure, WIN's director of Legal and Business Affairs, Charlie Phillips, was promoted to the leadership role, named as chief operating Officer. He would report directly to the recently elected chair, Justin West, of Canadian company Secret City Records.

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Particularly active are the trade associations in countries and regions with well-established music markets: AIM (UK), A2IM (USA), AIR (Australia), CIMA (Canada), VUT (Germany), IMNZ (New Zealand), UFI (Spain); IMICHILE (Chile), ABMI (Brazil), and IMPALA (Europe).

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In the 2010s, due to platforms such as Bandcamp and SoundCloud, a number of the larger indies moved away from signing unknown acts instead acquiring back catalogues and working with 'heritage acts' (for example, those popular in a pre-digital age). New independent

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However, not all indie record labels failed in this era due the problems with Rough Trade Distribution, some failed because they did not stick to their niche and tried to take on the majors at their own game. David Mimran's Savage Records (known for British band

923:, Humphrey Waterhouse and Justin Berkmann (though initially as a nightclub in South London, before it became a record company). Originally AATW would focus on singles and would issue a compilation album once in a while as a tie-in with a local 2069:(UK, 1980– ); Roger Ames' London Recordings used a label name which was first used by Decca in 1947 and was a semi-independent 'boutique' label that Ames took with him from PolyGram to Warner Music when he became CEO of the latter. In 2017, 997:

only just made the US Top 40 albums chart (but was a number one in the UK for Savage's distributor BMG via their Arista label) with Savage Records being a record label whose 'story' Telstar and Sanctuary would follow to a lesser extent.

1654:(UK, 1969–1986); the Famous Charisma Label was set up by band manager Tony Stratton-Smith, with Lee Gopthal's B&C Records distributing the label (and some Charisma acts being released on B&C Records's PEG/Pegasus label in 1971) 1539:(1986) by Norman Schreiber included a list of over 200 independent record labels, their artists, and examples of their work. The following is a list of notable independent record companies and the creatives/founders behind the labels: 2146:– owned by Woolworths UK, who mainly favoured budget albums (banned from the UK album chart apart from a short period in the 1970s). Labels included Contour, Hallmark, Pickwick Camden and Marble Arch, all targeting different customers 434:(RCA/Ariola International) being the other two majors that made up the 'Big 5' of the 1980s and 1990s. If a major owns 50% or more of the total shares in a company, that company would (usually) be owned or controlled by that major." 1166:, who had a few 'heritage acts' like Hawkwind on their main label, were mainly concerned with their re-issue labels such as 7T's Records (1970s music), 3 Loop Music (indie music) and Cherry Pop (mainly chart pop from the 1980s). 414:, "A 'major' is defined in AIM's constitution as a multinational company which (together with the companies in its group) has more than 5% of the world market(s) for the sale of records or music videos. The majors are currently 2185:(UK, 1991– ) founded in 1991 by James Palumbo, Humphrey Waterhouse and Justin Berkmann. In the 1990s the Ministry of Sound was a nightclub, magazine publisher and record label (with the record label being sold to Sony Music) 3899: 1319:. In October 2020, Big Hit Entertainment floated on the Korean stock market with founder Bang Si-hyuk giving the members of BTS shares in the company and his stake in Big Hit making him the sixth richest person in Korea. 1992:

recordings, but the label quickly began signing other artists. Alpert and Moss sold A&M Records to PolyGram in 1989 with the caveat that Alpert and Moss would continue to manage the label. PolyGram was bought by

5196: 1397:(Europe), indieCo (Finland), IndieSuisse (Switzerland), Liak (Korea), P.I.L. (Israel), PMI (Italy), Runda (Balkans), SOM (Sweden), stomp (Netherlands), UFI (Spain), UPFI (France), VTMOE (Austria) and VUT (Germany). 4283: 1365:", the first annual coordinated celebration of independent music across the world, for which the Australian Independent Record Labels Association created a list of the greatest independent records of all time. 970:

majors. In the case of Factory, one of Tony Wilson's beliefs was that "musicians own everything, the company owns nothing", which caused problems for the firm when it was going to be taken over by Roger Ames'

2152:– known for heritage acts and back catalogue, this independent was spun off from the Sony BMG joint-venture in 2008, but lost the rights to a large amount of the old RCA-Ariola catalogue (the old major label 2351:

McDonald, Full Bio Follow Linkedin Heather McDonald wrote about music careers for The Balance Careers She has worked in the music industry for over two decades Read The Balance's editorial policies Heather.

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distribution did not go through the parent company's distribution arm, going through an independent in order for those records to be eligible for the indie chart. Acts promoted this way initially included

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and sold to EMI in the early 2000s (when EMI was broken up most of the label's back catalogue was acquired by BMG, with Miller retaining the use of the Mute name to operate as an independent again).

498:. These independent labels usually aimed their releases at a small but loyal audience. They relied less on mass sales and were able to provide artists much more opportunity for experimentation and 743:, but never got into the chart compiled by BMRB (British Market Research Bureau) as a lot of independent stores were not chart return shops and because a more accurate way of collating sales via 5872: 1393:(UK), AMAEI (Portugal), A.S.I.A.r (Argentina), Audiocoop (Italy), BIMA (Belgium), CIMA (Canada), DUP (Denmark), FONO (Norway), HAIL (Hungary), IMCJ (Japan), IMICHILE (Chile) IMNZ (New Zealand), 403:

Other nominally independent labels are started and sometimes run by artists on major labels but are still fully or partially owned by the major label. These labels are frequently referred to as

2789: 2725: 644:, these three artists secured an interest for minor record labels, a situation which otherwise would've led to 'the big five' having full control of the Swedish music scene during the 1980s. 1311:

had revenues of 484 billion South Korea won ($ 436 million US dollars) for the first three quarters of 2020, a period which did not include the release of the Billboard album chart topping

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on Epic and a few throwback disco collections, Khan's company was the only label regularly charting with music that could be classed as with club or dance until Stylus Music teamed up with

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records under many pseudonyms and license them individually to various record labels around the world (such as Beggars' Citybeat label). Instead of going down this one-by-one deal route,

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The start of the 1990s would see the founding of two independent companies who would go on to chart numerous dance music collections in the new compilations album chart, Blackburn-based

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was the first independent company to run up a number of hits in the UK album chart with a run of various artist dance music collections and started off business in the pre-Now days of

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as cheesy pop or not, this was as true for Waterman as it was for Ivo Watts-Russell (4AD), Alan Horne (Postcard), Daniel Miller (Mute), Alan McGee (Creation) or Tony Wilson (Factory).

5692: 5323: 5309: 8385: 2059:, the label moved from A&M to MCA Records and finally to EMI, who did not use the brand between 1996 and 2012. (Since EMI became a part of the Capitol Music Group as part of 8354: 396:. Some independent labels, particularly those with successful artists, sign dual-release, or distribution only agreements with major labels. They may also rely on international 1688:

in the UK, while Gudinski retained the Mushroom name for his entertainment company which includes the Australian record labels I OH YOU, Liberator Music and Liberation Records.

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From 2013, Warner Music had to sell a lot of its catalogue in order to please various anti-monopoly and merger commissions or trade bodies, after buying the large part of EMI (

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report, an analysis of the global economic and cultural impact of the indie sector, showed the share of the global market as 37.6%. The sector generated worldwide revenues of

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The dance music scene also proved beneficial to independent labels who compiled and marketed TV-advertised compilations, especially when Virgin teamed up with EMI to launch

5161: 4591: 8362: 2140:– owned by BBC Studios, part of the Demon Music Group, a record company that grew out of a pub rock/new wave label owned by Andrew Lauder and Stiff Records's Jake Riviera. 699:. Another factor that came to define independent labels was the method of distribution, which had to be independent of the major labels for records to be included in the 2003:(UK, 1968–2005, 2016– ); EMI acquired 50% of it in 1989, then owned the rest from 1991; recordings outside the UK owned by UMG, bulk of British recordings controlled by 811:, followed a few years later by Alan McGee's Elevation label (even though some indie fans viewed this development in a negative way, it has to be noted that WEA set up 526:, who sold more than 350,000 copies of his 4 albums on his own label, Lehrer Records, by the mid-1960s before moving publishing to Warner Bros. Amidst the advent of the 1485:

music markets, according to then CEO of WIN (Worldwide Independent Network), Alison Wenham. (By comparison, the US indie market had a 34% share while the UK had 23%.)

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were founded. During the 1960s, rock label Elektra, R&B labels such as Motown, Stax records released singles and albums. A noted success was that of comedy artist

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for the indie music industry, Worldwide Independent Network, was founded in 2006. WIN is a coalition of independent music bodies from countries throughout the world.

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to this orthodoxy: George McKay's argument in the article 'Was punk DIY? Is DIY punk?' that, because it relied on existing commercial record manufacturing companies,

1081:, one of the pioneering artists of the underground hip hop scene, whose success helped bring attention to independent hip hop releases and influenced many musicians. 5664: 8453: 801:

The UK Indie Chart became a major source of exposure for artists on independent labels, with the top ten singles regularly aired on the national television show

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50/50 Entertainment (US, 2008– ); founded in 2008 by Michael Mares in Denver Colorado and is popular for their Top 50 Greatest female rappers of all-time list."

6152: 4334: 5665:"INTERVIEW: Scotland's best-kept musical secret CHARLIE CLARK on his new single & being signed by Alan McGee | XS Noize | Online Music Magazine" 5461: 4846: 2073:

bought the catalogue for most of the label's acts (apart from New Order/Joy Division etc.) from Warner Music, with the label now listed as London Music Stream

7300: 4565: 3057: 1825:(UK, 1984–2000); this independent was set up by Zoo Records' David Balfe and would become closely associated with Britpop, by which time it was owned by EMI. 8433: 8395: 4537: 4418: 5136: 3148: 2235: 931:

in Preston, Lancashire (Rock The Dancefloor - All Mixed Up), while the Ministry of Sound moved into compilations quite quickly with the release of their

4360: 4308: 1341:(AIM), which she launched in 1999. During this time she also helped to found WIN in 2006, remaining at WIN for twelve years, with the last two spent as 8344: 1290:

with acts from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s taking up a further seven slots (including compilations from acts like Slade and new albums from people like

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series, with the genre being given a more prominent role in music history than it had. The pub rock scene included labels such as Chiswick Records and

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The UK Indie Chart was first compiled in 1980, with the first number one being "Where's Captain Kirk?" by Spizz and his band (billed on the record as

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After being dormant for a number of years, the label was used by major label EMI Records in the early 2010s, for a number of Morrissey re-issues.

1334: 6189: 4809: 4256: 4012: 1938:(prog, folk, reggae, glam, etc.) though by the 1980s they had become more focused on mainstream pop and had distribution deals with the majors. 1680:(Australia, 1972– ); founded by Michael Gudinski, with Mushroom Records also operating in the UK during the 1990s when the company was owned by 4496: 4403: 1270:

at number 30 with their song "Happiness", only charting after a special called "McFly: All About Us" was broadcast by ITV on 14 November 2020.

593:, was perhaps the most successful independent label from that era. Several established artists started their own independent labels, including 392:

The distinction between major and independent labels is not always clear. The traditional definition of a major label is a label that owns its

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Both All Around the World/AATW and the Ministry of Sound would be founded in 1991, the former by Cris Nuttall and Matt Cadman, the latter by

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s "Top Women in Music" every year since publication. She stepped down from her role at WIN in December 2018, the following year taking on a

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chart topper, the Partisan-signed band IDLES. On the Official Independent Albums Chart Top 10 for 8 October, IDLES would be number one with

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to a massive $ 3.4 million record deal, all which ended when Mimran's father, Jean Claude, cut finances. In the end Bowie's Savage album,

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had so much power that smaller labels struggled to establish themselves. Several British producers launched independent labels, including

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After having his own independent record company in the 1990s which charted a number of releases in the main UK charts, prog rock singer

616:, three of the four biggest rock bands at the time were signed and saw great commercial success with independent labels. These included 8521: 8400: 8380: 5245: 3656: 2442: 955: 150: 2396: 823:" was increasingly used to describe artists, and "indie'" was more often used to describe a broad range of guitar-based rock and pop. 8636: 7275: 5603:"ALAN MCGEE's CREATION23 Record Label Celebrates First Year & Strongest Line-Up Yet | XS Noize | Online Music Magazine" 2858: 920: 379: 122: 103: 58: 5068: 8370: 7243: 5678: 4911: 4385: 2546: 6385: 5439: 3190: 1684:. The Mushroom label was merged with Festival Records, and was sold to Warner Music as Festival Mushroom Records in Australia and 8426: 8026: 7295: 5169: 586: 574: 17: 6208: 5512: 4510: 1735:(UK, 1978–1982); formed in Liverpool by Bill Drummond and David Balfe in 1978. In the mid-to-late 1980s Drummond would co-found 129: 8536: 8443: 8414: 6485: 4063: 1001:

One independent record label who was having a better time than Savage Records in the early to mid-90s American marketplace was

5693:"NEW SINGLE : CHARLIE CLARK - Scottish songwriter readies single on Alan McGee's 'It's Creation Baby' Label - 5 Feb 2021" 711:

retaining full independence (though Beggars was excluded as they had a deal with Warner Brothers for Gary Numan at the time).

6523: 2790:"Stiff Records Released "The Wit And Wisdom Of Ronald Reagan" (An Album Containing 40 Minutes Of Silence) 40 Years Ago Today" 2635: 2606: 6262: 6109: 4172: 4154: 1893:

in Belgium, France, Luxembourg and The Netherlands, while the rest of V2's international operations were sold to UMG in 2007

would be seen as being one of the largest independent record companies of the 21st century after Sony BMG was dissolved).

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or boutique labels, and are intended to appease established artists or allow them to discover and promote newer artists.

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Many musical artists begin their careers on independent labels, hoping to further grow their career into signing with a

8626: 8475: 8328: 6856: 4551: 3749: 1345:. As a driving force in helping indie labels being able to compete worldwide with bigger companies, Wenham featured in 1209:. In 2017, WMG went on to sell the catalogues of a number of other artists to independent record companies, including 1150:, which had been spun-out of the Sony BMG joint venture that included Arista and RCA, ended up with the catalogues of 400:

deals and other arrangements with major labels. Major labels sometimes fully or partially acquire independent labels.

6083: 5982: 2954: 2285: 280: 250: 232: 169: 118: 72: 5753: 3803: 3080: 2706:'Was punk DIY? Is DIY punk? Interrogating the DIY/punk nexus, with particular reference to the early UK punk scene, 1058:) to Thorn EMI in 1992 and a few years later decided to launch a 'new Virgin Records'. This 'Virgin2' was set up as 8046: 7346: 5946: 2176: 1681: 1390: 1338: 904: 562: 411: 4991: 4759: 3065: 3039: 862:, a number one hit that would see CBS and WEA (the future Sony BMG and WMG) move into the market with their rival 8036: 7504: 7403: 6883: 6766: 6539: 6498: 6244: 5094: 1707:(UK, 1977– ); founded by Martin Mills and Nick Austin, now used for re-issues by parent company the Beggars Group 1226: 1194: 1090: 859: 6449: 5341: 3839: 3576: 2909: 8465: 4712: 2771: 1720: 1586: 1441: 107: 5873:"Wayfarer Records Founder, Dave Luxton, Releases Follow-Up Space Ambient Album, "Music from the Firmament II"" 8551: 8546: 8541: 7285: 7210: 7017: 5531: 3710: 2757: 932: 590: 210: 64: 1918:(UK, 2015– ); founded by producer Dan Carey and run with Alexis Smith and Pierre Hall in co-operation with . 8421: 7280: 7236: 6893: 5836: 3428: 3288: 1790: 5570: 3728: 3616: 3564: 1799:(Belgium, 1983– ); formed by Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot, this independent is now the main label of the 8531: 8409: 4137:"Why Richard Branson had tears streaming down his face when he sold Virgin Records for a billion dollars" 4031: 4013:"A Major Indie: CEO Hartwig Masuch Looks at BMG's First 10 Years -- and Shares His Vision for Its Future" 2497: 2472: 1015:, which would become the best-selling independent record of the 1990s. The album was certified six times 1011: 779: 6153:"Stewart Copeland: WE WERE ONCE REBELS: The story of I.R.S. Records and its unlikely rise to prominence" 5588: 4888:"Big Hit CEO Bang Si-hyuk now worth comfortably more than $ 2bn as BTS firm's IPO takes flight in Korea" 4792:"Despite the pandemic, Big Hit Entertainment generated revenues of $ 436m in the first 9 months of 2020" 3804:"A HOMEBOY A HIPPIE AND A FUNKI DREDD | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3127: 2353: 8161: 7413: 5650: 5462:"Warner Music Australia Announces the Acquisition of Festival Mushroom Records | Warner Music Inc" 1561: 756: 5342:"JANE BIRKIN & SERGE GAINSBOURG | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 4190: 3328: 2837: 143: 8192: 7480: 6846: 6654: 6400:"SHAKIN' STEVENS Announces Huge 19 Disc Anthology via BMG + Singles Collection & Brand New Track" 4260: 4226: 3958: 3918: 3481: 2251: 1601: 883: 863: 673: 5964: 5782: 4446:"Now Warner sells records by Athlete, Steve Harley and more to Chrysalis - Music Business Worldwide" 3517: 2518: 2333: 1924:(Canada, 2020– ); Canadian record label and entertainment company founded by Velvet Code during the 1558:(US, 1950– ); was the first label to record Elvis Presley and other big names in early rock 'n roll. 382:, indie labels produce and distribute about 66% of music titles, but only account for 20% of sales. 8592: 8516: 8031: 7680: 7675: 6898: 6691: 5498: 4658: 2415: 2245: 2217: 2080: 1967: 1896: 1890: 1856: 1667: 1504:

In 2017, Finland's indie market share had the lowest share of the total music market, at only 16%.

1210: 1094: 747:(electronic point-of-sale systems) had yet to be introduced. The chart was unrelated to a specific 535: 415: 393: 214: 7625: 6226: 3535: 3467: 2705: 2156:), which stayed with Sony Music. However, the rights to the recordings of some CBS/Epic acts like 206: 8604: 8302: 7923: 7356: 7229: 7139: 6836: 4208: 3972: 2153: 2088: 2079:(UK, 1981–2011); co-founded with Ralph Simon by Clive Calder, who sold Jive's parent company the 1704: 1565: 1278: 1190: 1040:

and as the bands got bigger the releases ended up going through major distribution channels like

951: 924: 431: 96: 6027: 4592:"Because buys Beta Band catalogue, other deals imminent as Warner divestment deadline day looms" 3429:"VARIOUS ARTISTS - NOW SERIES | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3360: 3149:""It needed to happen in this city" - Liverpool's Eggy Records and the resurgence of Scouse DIY" 1512:

In 2017, South Korea's indie market showed the healthiest share of the total music market, 88%.

819:, with Zoo Records being the Liverpool-based label of Bill Drummond and David Balfe). The term " 7615: 7112: 7081: 7047: 7024: 7012: 4744: 4676: 4121: 3449: 2021:(UK, 1972– ); set up by Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Tom Newman and Nik Powell; now owned by 1355: 939: 816: 808: 676:

scene has been re-evaluated by cultural historians and in rock documentaries such as Sky Arts'

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changed as people began to more quickly learn the industry. Several companies set up their own

31: 4867:"BTS label Big Hit acquires stake in K-Pop firm Pledis; becomes company's largest shareholder" 2966: 1945:(Jamaica, 1959– ); became an international operation mostly based in the UK/USA, now owned by 1670:(Australia, 2013– ); founded in 2013 by co-managing directors Leigh Gruppetta and Stu Harvey. 302:

Many of the labels started as producers and distributors of specific genres of music, such as

8496: 8288: 7883: 7385: 7351: 7341: 7336: 7132: 6888: 6831: 6596: 6276: 5137:"New report puts Aussie indie labels at 30% revenue share, in Top 10 of global indie markets" 4730: 3821: 2309: 2240: 2196: 2149: 2106:

Stylus Music – this record company was known for the Hit Mix albums made in conjunction with

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Wayfarer Records (US, 2007– ); founded by producer, musician, and psychologist Dave Luxton.

1835:, this indie label was originally a rave music label spun-off from Beggars' Citybeat label. 1576: 1347: 1316: 1122: 7305: 5909:"Speedy Wunderground at three – the cult indie label looks back on their best bits so far" 3244: 900:

releases would start to feature more house tracks by people like Krush and Nitro De Luxe.

794:) at its helm, of which the label was closely associated with. Whether indie fans dismiss 8: 8242: 8021: 7434: 7152: 7144: 6805: 6703: 5359: 4538:"Warner sells flurry of copyrights as indie divestment process heads towards finish line" 4309:"Updated: Warner Music Group's Acquisition of Parlophone Approved by European Commission" 3767: 3262: 3226: 2401: 2383: 2101: 2004: 1915: 1844: 1841:(UK, 1989– ); this indie label was originally a dance music label specialising in "Bleep" 1838: 1773:

between 1999 and 2010 with the label's back catalogue reissued by Captured Tracks in 2017

1726: 1582: 1186: 1111:

scene began to grow, so did the attraction of creating independent labels for the genre.

1108: 827: 740: 721: 471: 276: 7374: 3020: 1882: 1754:(UK, 1980– ); founded by Ivo Watts-Russell and Peter Kent, now part of the Beggars Group 826:

The "explosion" of the dance music scene in the mid- to late 1980s found labels such as

7843: 7758: 7670: 7532: 7390: 7315: 7042: 6753: 6576: 6349: 3392: 3208: 2173:(Belgium, 1984– ) R&S stands for the founders Renaat Vandepapeliere and Sabine Maes 2040: 2030: 1900: 1886: 1770: 1766: 1616: 1575:(US, 1960– ); founded by Chris Strachwitz, this blues and zydeco label is now owned by 1303: 1222: 1163: 704: 602: 566: 419: 6367: 6052: 4361:"Warner Music Begins Auctioning Off Assets to Indies Following Parlophone Acquisition" 454:. Disputes with major labels led to a proliferation of smaller labels specializing in 8556: 8511: 8501: 8227: 8222: 8202: 8197: 8069: 7990: 7982: 7959: 7949: 7888: 7645: 7630: 7459: 7168: 6979: 6868: 6743: 6698: 6676: 6632: 6581: 6519: 6386:"Shakin' Stevens / Fire in the Blood: The Definitive Collection – SuperDeluxeEdition" 5386: 4771: 4209:"HAWKWIND LIGHT OR | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 4112: 4043: 2950: 2921: 2870: 2631: 2602: 2502: 2281: 2230: 2182: 2179:(UK, 1991– ) founded in Blackburn, Lancashire in 1991 by Cris Nuttall and Matt Cadman 2137: 2066: 2000: 1925: 1808: 1641: 1569:

worldwide distribution network through Allied Artists Music & Video Distribution.

1238: 1182: 1159: 1074: 971: 908: 820: 696: 582: 570: 527: 375: 284: 6482: 4694: 3785: 3002: 2819: 8258: 8172: 8074: 8006: 7898: 7824: 7788: 7783: 7650: 7582: 7527: 7429: 6984: 6841: 6715: 6613: 3450:"VARIOUS ARTISTS | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 2946: 2143: 1906: 1862: 1816: 1776: 1757: 1745: 1651: 1572: 1202: 1173:) that UMG was not allowed to keep hold of after acquiring the remainder. In 2016, 1155: 1133: 1028: 835: 578: 499: 6313: 5246:"'I'm a song catcher': 60 years of Arhoolie Records, the label for a lost America" 5193:"Australian music industry the sixth largest in the world as indie sector thrives" 1807:, London (which also acts as the distributor for labels like Speedy Wunderground, 8126: 8119: 7847: 7768: 7685: 7655: 7640: 7635: 7195: 6918: 6761: 6644: 6502: 6489: 5637:"Creation 23 Official Online Store : Merch, Music, Downloads & Clothing" 4827: 3822:"SILVER BULLET | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 2116: 2052: 1928:, is known for working with LGBTQ+ artists who had it hard in the music industry. 1921: 1796: 1710: 1597: 1481: 1129: 1086: 1051: 1016: 1002: 843: 708: 629: 550: 519: 487: 7610: 6069:

Solomons, Mark (1998) "'UniGram': The Euro Outlook: A&M U.K. Restructured",

5043: 4419:"Girl power: Inside Chrysalis' new deal for Everything But The Girl's catalogue" 3933:"David Bowie, Businessman: A Deep Dive Into The Musician's Visionary Dealmaking" 3877: 3411:"NUKLEUZ DJ'S | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 2726:"Watch Trailblazers: 80's Pop Season 1 Episode 18 Online - Stream Full Episodes" 2195:

music scene and was founded by Damian Harris. In 2014 the label was acquired by

1980:. A&M was a very successful independent label. Founded in 1962 by trumpeter 1162:(the biggest independent record label in the UK before it went bankrupt), while 1062:

in 1996 with staff from Branson's company working on V2 at the same time as the

663:

movement was the main turning point for independent labels, with the movement's

8566: 7998: 7954: 7918: 7834: 7810: 7773: 7705: 7522: 7252: 7178: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6913: 3311:"FPI PROJECT | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 2170: 2127: 2107: 2084: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2018: 2012: 1973: 1942: 1761: 1685: 1677: 1633: 1291: 1246: 1242: 1151: 1055: 1024: 896: 803: 760: 700: 684:, the latter being a company known for rude slogans, bizarre releases (such as 664: 637: 609:. These labels tended to fail commercially or be acquired by the major labels. 542: 511: 5281: 5020: 4082: 3499: 3245:"WOOD ALLEN | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 851:

and, in the 1990s, a UK arm which would eventually turn into hard house label

291:

or region, which in turn are represented by the international trade body, the

8620: 8147: 7839: 7778: 7710: 7567: 7547: 7517: 6969: 6959: 6331: 5360:"Morrissey | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 4851: 3768:"New Order | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3393:"DJ NATION | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3263:"STARLIGHT | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3227:"MIXMASTER | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3191:"David Balfe special talking about Teardrop Explodes, Zoo & Food Records" 2188: 2070: 1989: 1828: 1691: 1593: 1543: 1315:

by BTS, but did include the period when the label bought into Han Sung Soo's

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and albums such as Entertainment USA and Telly Hits in association with the

8561: 8526: 8295: 8274: 8140: 8011: 7969: 7944: 7903: 7893: 7867: 7793: 7763: 7690: 7542: 7490: 7438: 7290: 7173: 7127: 7091: 6800: 6720: 6708: 5406: 4847:"BTS Owns $ 108 Million of Big Hit. Every Other Artist Will Be Taking Note" 3500:"All Around The World Demo Submission, Contacts, A&R, Links & More" 3209:"COLDCUT | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3099: 2256: 2157: 2132: 2076: 1868: 1850: 1822: 1740: 1716: 1610: 1230: 1054:

sold the independent label he co-founded with Simon Draper and Nik Powell (

943: 928: 874: 625: 621: 495: 479: 404: 386: 331: 272: 7122: 6296:"Woolworths: The dying giant that set off a decade of High Street turmoil" 6087: 6053:"MILLIE | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 5499:"Best Indie Record Labels Of All Time: 20 Imprints That Changed The World" 4659:"Official Independent Singles Chart Top 50 | Official Charts Company" 3346: 8571: 8506: 8323: 8098: 7977: 7878: 7855: 7803: 7798: 7753: 7726: 7695: 7665: 7660: 7620: 7592: 7562: 7557: 7475: 7205: 7086: 7052: 7034: 6999: 6989: 6795: 6733: 6728: 6649: 6637: 6531: 5760: 5714: 5377:

February 12, Richard Palmer on; Said, 2013 at 8:53 Pm (23 January 2012).

4713:"Official Independent Albums Chart Top 50 | Official Charts Company" 3657:"Remembering Anthony H. Wilson: His Story, Five Best Quotes and Playlist" 2063:, the name has been used for an Americana label called I.R.S. Nashville). 2026: 1981: 1959: 1832: 1812: 1732: 1699: 1637: 1555: 1117: 1037: 988: 984: 979: 959: 839: 736: 653: 594: 491: 483: 467: 371: 347: 343: 30:"Boutique label" redirects here. For specialty labels in home video, see 5532:"$ 5 gigs, not $ 10m deals: the story of US punk label Dischord Records" 5263: 4695:"FISH | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3786:"SOHO | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company" 3081:"Alan McGee on Creation, Oasis and cashflow – a classic from the vaults" 2572: 1528:

In 2017, the US indie market had a 34% share of the total music market.

1520:

In 2017, the UK indie market had a 23% share of the total music market.

1429: 739:). "Where's Captain Kirk?" had been a constant seller for Geoff Travis' 8232: 8154: 8059: 7748: 7731: 7587: 7537: 7380: 7007: 6861: 6073:– The International Newsweekly of Music, Video, and Home Entertainment. 5636: 5421:"JT Reacts to City Girls Getting Left Off 'Top 50 Female Rappers' List" 5232:"Allied Artists | Music | Musicians | Bands | DJ's" 5231: 4596: 4515: 4423: 4404:"Warner sells Chrysalis Records back to Chris Wright and Blue Raincoat" 3671:"10 years on, these are Tony Wilson's 10 greatest gifts to pop culture" 3565:

https://planetradiooffers.co.uk/rock-the-dancefloor-half-price-voucher/

3518:"All Around The World Records - Blackburn BB2 1LN (Lancashire), Unit 1" 2008: 1985: 1878: 1874: 1804: 1800: 1760:(US, 1980– ); set up in Washington DC by members of a punk band called 1671: 1627: 1605: 1170: 1063: 1059: 947: 831: 523: 315: 311: 303: 5440:"Sony Music makes "significant investment" in Cooking Vinyl Australia" 5102: 2397:"Wire Playlist: Musician-Owned Record Labels in Jazz in the 1940s–60s" 1988:(M), A&M was initially the label and distributor for Alpert's own 1694:(UK, 1976– ); founded by Dave Robinson and Jake Riviera, now owned by 1089:

records would be founded in New York, a funk and soul label known for

8491: 8187: 8105: 7851: 7700: 7572: 7485: 7182: 7107: 6964: 6851: 6815: 6621: 6608: 6515: 6457: 5324:"Phil Solomon: Pop impresario who handled Them and the Bachelors and" 4497:"Warner sells assets to Nettwerk as divestment process picks up pace" 3847: 2627: 1782: 1493: 1466: 1328: 1295: 1234: 1218: 1174: 1137:

marketplace to their compilations partner, the original BMG company.

1032: 1019:

in the United States and sold more than 12 million copies worldwide.

787: 725: 692: 660: 443: 6170: 4335:"Warner Music Group Closes on Acquisition of Parlophone Label Group" 3590: 3482:"Official Compilations Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company" 1729:(UK, 1978– ); founded by Geoff Travis, now part of the Beggars Group 728:, which helped to take releases from small labels and get them into 85: 8267: 8217: 8112: 7741: 7736: 7117: 7029: 6947: 6810: 6686: 6591: 3998: 3900:"ROCK / A close shave and no cash back: When David Bowie signed to" 2192: 1963: 1214: 1206: 914: 558: 447: 6495: 5818: 4912:"Worldwide Independent Network CEO Alison Wenham Is Stepping Down" 4633:"Warner sells Atlantic's The Lemonheads catalogue to Fire Records" 790:

the label was independently distributed and did have a music fan (

8016: 7939: 7913: 7871: 7454: 7221: 6908: 6878: 6738: 6603: 6586: 6568: 5800: 5651:"Alan McGee Goes It Alone with New Label Creation 23, PopMatters" 4619:"Concord buys yet again in multi-million dollar deal with Warner" 2985:"BBC Four - More Punk and New Wave Compiled by Annie Nightingale" 2095: 2055:. Known for its range of college rock acts and a MTV show called 2039:(US, 1979–2013); referred to as a 'boutique' label by co-founder 1736: 1112: 1078: 963: 852: 714: 442:

Independent labels have historically anticipated developments in

397: 363: 288: 4939: 4472:"Chrysalis acquires Parlophone catalogues under divestment deal" 2859:"The story of Stiff, the most anarchic record label of all time" 1674:

bought into the company in 2018 with a "significant investment."

751:, and the chart featured a diverse range of music, from punk to 8041: 7577: 7189: 6350:"Official Singles Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company" 6001:"Velvet Code's SO FIERCE MUSIC Gives Artists a Voice | One EDM" 5679:"Alan McGee on Creation Stories, and His Passion for New Music" 5550:"Flying Nun Records: 10 of the best songs of the Dunedin sound" 1951: 1622: 1394: 1386: 1198: 1041: 783: 752: 613: 335: 319: 6368:"Official Albums Chart Top 100 | Official Charts Company" 6032:

Out Now Magazine | Music News - Charts , Festivals & Clubs

5929:"Speedy Wunderground: the record label breaking its own rules" 1769:(New Zealand, 1981– ); founded by Roger Shepherd but owned by 891:. In fact, apart from a few soul music compilations billed as 7862: 7512: 6780: 6664: 6413: 5479: 4386:"Radiohead's back catalog purchased by XL Recordings: Report" 3744: 3742: 2160:

and Shakin' Stevens were transferred over to the new company.

2122: 1585:(Northern Ireland/UK, 1966–2011); set up by Radio Caroline's 1488:

The report valued the Australian recording industry as worth

1382: 1377:

As of August 2019 other member organisations of WIN included

1267: 748: 463: 367: 327: 6431: 4810:"BTS' label launch talent show to find next K-pop superstar" 4155:"THIS WEEK: Virgin gets back in record label groove with V2" 3638: 3374: 3169:"Echo & The Bunnymen - The John Peel Sessions 1979-1983" 2693:

No Future: Punk, Politics and British Youth Culture, 1976-84

2691:. Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Worley, Matt. 2017. 2671:"45 Discography for MAM Records - UK - distributed by Decca" 2199:, who brought back Harris to the label as creative director. 8212: 8064: 7552: 7444: 7320: 5855:"Wayfarer Records – Local Label Explores a Sonic Landscape" 5801:"Infectious Music | UK-based Independent Record Label" 5069:"Charlie Phillips to head up Worldwide Independent Network" 1473:, known as AIR, representing about 350 members as of 2019. 1378: 938:. Over the following decades, album brands such as AATW's 459: 323: 4552:"Because confirms acquisition of London Records catalogue" 4257:"Warner Music Group to acquire the Parlophone Label Group" 4234: 3739: 2278:

Converging Media: A new Introduction to Mass Communication

834:

and Wax On Records set up. In Italy production teams like

346:. Music appearing on indie labels is often referred to as 283:, or SME. The labels and artists are often represented by 8237: 8207: 8133: 7908: 7449: 5913: 5621: 3695: 3675: 3591:"Euphoria Albums, A Higher State Of, Pure, True, Classic" 3153: 2842: 2111: 1751: 1713:(UK, 1978–1992); founded by Tony Wilson and Alan Erasmus 1342: 772: 763:, including many songs in the late 1980s by artists like 546: 427: 306:, or represent something new and non-mainstream, such as 5947:"Inside the World of Speedy Wunderground | Gigwise" 5735: 4566:"Bananarama rejoint le label de Christine and The Queen" 3003:"Sixties City - British Music Record Charts 60s History" 2659:(Interview). Interviewed by Johnnie Walker. BBC Radio 2. 2191:(UK, 1995– ) this label was closely associated with the 2119:– also the owner of dance record labels such as Multiply 652:

Early independents of the 1970s included labels such as

6263:""Hit Mix 86" Was The Best 80's Compilation Album Ever" 5162:"Australian Independent Record Labels of Australia Ltd" 3543: 538:

and began distributing releases from local rock bands.

6028:"Velvet Code Launches His Own Label 'SO FIERCE MUSIC'" 5965:"An Interview with Pierre Hall of Speedy Wunderground" 5589:"Alan McGee Launches New 7" Record Label, Creation 23" 4284:"Warner Music Group Buys EMI Assets for $ 765 Million" 3750:"Because officially acquires London Records catalogue" 3577:"Rock the Dance Floor: All Mixed Up - Various Artists" 1970:

in 2005 and relaunched as a standalone label in 2011).

1859:(UK, 1993– ); founded by Laurence Bell and Jacqui Rice 1322: 370:. They are not affiliated with or funded by the three 4083:"Richard Branson: I Cried When I Sold Virgin Records" 3444: 3442: 2334:"How the Big Four Record Labels Became the Big Three" 2051:

and was a development of Copeland's 1977 indie label

1537:

The Scouting Party Index of Independent Record Labels

1478:

AIR Share: Australian Independent Music Market Report

1140: 275:

that operates without the funding or distribution of

2207: 5837:"A Short History of How V2 Records Ended Up On UMG" 4758:September 2020, Jerry Ewing29 (29 September 2020). 4511:"Cherry Red set to capitalise on Warner divestment" 2381:

The Guinness Who's Who of Indie and New Wave Music.

2236:

List of Billboard 200 number-one independent albums

659:For many years, the general consensus was that the 510:In the late 1940s and into the 1950s, the American 110:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6135:"I.R.S. Records Was a Groundbreaking Record Label" 5617:"Alan McGee launches new record label, Creation23" 5299: 4030:December 2015, Daryl Easlea18 (18 December 2015). 3439: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3021:"THE REAL KING OF POP - Record Collector Magazine" 2967:"From Beggars To Kings: The Beggars Banquet Story" 866:and Chrysalis and MCA team up for the short lived 4064:"Virgin Records co-founder Nik Powell dies at 69" 2908:February 2019, Rob Hughes 14 (14 February 2019). 2689:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 1789:. After selling Go! Discs, Andy Macdonald set up 691:In the United States, independent labels such as 612:Internationally, the situation was different. In 8618: 6209:"G.E. TO SELL ITS HOLDING IN RCA/ARIOLA RECORDS" 5565: 5563: 4760:"Fish denied No 2 chart placing for Weltschmerz" 2596: 2354:"Here Is a Look at How Indie Record Labels Work" 2226:Australian Independent Record Labels Association 1793:though through a distribution deal via Sony BMG. 1471:Australian Independent Record Labels Association 915:1990s: Dance music, Britpop and alternative rock 474:and country music, working with artists such as 5376: 3027: 2715:(November 2023 online), 1-13, italics original. 1997:in 1998, and A&M folded the following year. 1097:and a lot of the musicians who would appear on 470:played an important part in the development of 5513:"33 Independent Record Labels You Should Know" 4966:"Alison Wenham is stepping down as CEO of WIN" 4882: 4880: 4757: 4499:. Music Business Worldwide. 28 September 2016. 3184: 3182: 2945:Lazell, Barry (1997). "Indie Hits 1980–1989", 2650: 2096:Catalogue and TV-advertised compilation makers 1626:; absorbed into and subsequently shut down by 715:1980s: Compilations, post-punk and indie music 534:geared their attention towards bands like the 7237: 6547: 6025: 5983:"Speedy Wunderground: Time Is Of The Essence" 5560: 4029: 2907: 2498:"'Tomfoolery' Brings Vintage Lehrer to Stage" 1899:(US, 2005– ); founded by Allen Kovac, became 1069: 672:. Further, only recently has the early 1970s 545:during the 1950s and 1960s, the major labels 195:The examples and perspective in this article 4934: 4932: 3965: 6207:Stevenson, Richard W. (10 September 1986). 5391:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5041: 4877: 4776:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4048:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3281:"Groove Groove Melody - Electric Soul Show" 3179: 2926:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2910:"Stiff Records: A guide to the best albums" 2875:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2597:Brandels, Göran; Wrigholm, Lennart (2012). 2164: 838:and the FPI Project would make and release 647: 73:Learn how and when to remove these messages 7244: 7230: 6561: 6554: 6540: 6509: 6110:"The Go-Go's documentary premieres on Sky" 3999:"Echobelly – the official website - About" 3143: 3141: 2856: 2621: 2599:Boken Om Tages: Från Avenyn til Abbey Road 1476:A 2017 report commissioned by AIR, titled 1469:for the independent music industry is the 1420: 7719: 6206: 6063: 5695:. Scottish Music Network. 24 January 2021 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 4929: 4909: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2857:March 2018, Max Bell 28 (28 March 2018). 2519:"Independent record labels and producers" 2440: 380:Recording Industry Association of America 350:, or more specifically by genre, such as 251:Learn how and when to remove this message 233:Learn how and when to remove this message 170:Learn how and when to remove this message 5730: 5728: 4992:"Alison Wenham joins Funnel Music board" 4621:. Music Business Worldwide. 6 July 2017. 4554:. Music Business Worldwide. 6 July 2017. 4540:. Music Business Worldwide. 1 June 2017. 4406:. Music Business Worldwide. 1 June 2016. 4191:"The Observer Profile: Victoria Beckham" 4134: 3973:"The Offspring - Smash (album review 3)" 2758:"Stiff Records | Nostalgia Central" 2651:O'Sullivan, Gilbert (28 February 2021). 2473:"THE INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS RECORD LABEL" 2379:Rogan, Johnny (1992). "Introduction" in 1831:(UK, 1989– ); founded by Tim Palmer and 1604:, best known as the label that released 1073: 6293: 6187: 5571:"The greatest ever indie record labels" 5530:Wray, Daniel Dylan (20 November 2020). 5496: 5437: 5134: 4989: 4963: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4281: 4135:Clifford, Catherine (6 February 2017). 3329:"Rich In Paradise: 19 Italo House Gems" 3188: 3138: 2838:"The Greatest Indie Labels Of All Time" 2817: 2695:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 1871:(UK, 1994– ); founded by Simon Williams 1658: 1107:album in 2006. As the indie hip hop or 14: 8619: 5472: 5438:Eliezer, Christie (13 February 2018). 5190: 5135:Eliezer, Christie (4 September 2017). 5117: 4844: 4416: 4080: 3916: 3361:"Interview with Gianfranco Bortolotti" 2934: 2820:"Be Stiff Tour – The Age of The Train" 2772:"Stiff Records: Do-It-Yourself Daring" 2744:"If It Ain't Stiff It Ain't Worth A …" 2275: 1954:(US, 1959–2005, 2011– ); now owned by 1260: 7225: 6535: 6512:The Institutions of Local Development 6432:"R&S Records · Record label ⟋ RA" 6414:"R&S Records • In Order To Dance" 6190:"The Rise And Fall Of London Records" 5725: 5312:from the original on 12 January 2022. 2891:"Stiff Records - Punk Rock In The UK" 2713:DIY, Alternative Cultures and Society 2657:Sounds of the 70s with Johnnie Walker 2624:The Institutions of Local Development 2541: 2539: 1853:(UK, 1991– ); founded by Saul Galpern 1132:went bankrupt in the UK after giving 670:o punk band ever made its own singles 5529: 5199:from the original on 30 January 2018 5191:Taylor, Andrew (26 September 2017). 5154: 4910:Resnikoff, Paul (12 December 2018). 4898: 3951:"No Appeal For Savage/Bowie Lawsuit" 3097: 3078: 3040:"How indie labels changed the world" 2805:"Remembering the Be Stiff Tour 1978" 2364: 2350: 2330: 1424: 1121:sold over 150,000 copies, making it 855:, known for its DJ Nation releases. 362:Independent record labels are small 181: 108:adding citations to reliable sources 79: 38: 8471:Global Recording Artist of the Year 8439:Highest-grossing live music artists 6227:"Bertelsmann buys out Britney guru" 5783:"UK: BMG Acquires Infectious Music" 4032:"A Brief History Of Virgin Records" 3375:"Media Records · Record label ⟋ RA" 2818:Cortina, Lene (23 September 2018). 2653:"Special Guest: Gilbert O'Sullivan" 2516: 1748:(UK, 1979– ); founded by Alan Horne 1323:Worldwide Independent Network (WIN) 1125:highest selling underground album. 879:Open Top Cars and Girls in T'Shirts 695:found success with artists such as 686:The Wit And Wisdom Of Ronald Reagan 24: 7251: 6857:List of American independent films 6476: 5264:"This Ain't No Mouse Music (2013)" 5042:Van Buskirk, Eliot (27 May 2008). 4964:Brandle, Lars (13 December 2018). 4745:"ALBUM REVIEW: Weltschmerz - Fish" 4081:Little, Lyneka (25 October 2013). 3639:"Fac 251 · Manchester · Club ⟋ RA" 3098:Nash, Stewart (18 February 2010). 2601:. Premium Publishing. p. 36. 2536: 1141:2010s: Heritage acts and re-issues 1044:(its also worth pointing out that 530:independent record labels such as 310:in the early days. Indies release 25: 8648: 6510:Sforzi, Fabio; Amin, Ash (2018). 6086:. 23 January 2012. Archived from 5168:. The Music Trust. Archived from 5166:Music in Australia Knowledge Base 4731:"FISH – WELTSCHMERZ Album Review" 3470:. My Mashed Up Life. 30 May 2020. 2802: 2622:Sforzi, Fabio; Amin, Ash (2018). 1932: 1531: 1515: 1372: 1197:), while the rights to albums by 281:small- to medium-sized enterprise 54:This article has multiple issues. 8600: 8599: 8586: 7616:Artists and repertoire (A&R) 7347:Universal Music Publishing Group 6442: 6424: 6406: 6392: 6378: 6360: 6342: 6324: 6306: 6294:Andrews, Mark (4 January 2019). 6287: 6269: 6265:. My Mashed Up Life. 9 May 2020. 6255: 6237: 6219: 6200: 6181: 6163: 6145: 6127: 6102: 6076: 6045: 6026:outnowcontact (26 August 2020). 6019: 5993: 5975: 5957: 5939: 5921: 5901: 5883: 5865: 5847: 5829: 5811: 5793: 5775: 5746: 5707: 5685: 5671: 5657: 5643: 5629: 5609: 5595: 5581: 5542: 5538:– via www.theguardian.com. 5523: 5505: 5490: 5454: 5431: 5413: 5399: 5370: 5352: 5334: 5316: 5292: 5274: 5256: 5238: 5224: 5211: 5184: 5087: 5061: 5035: 5009: 4983: 4957: 4859: 4838: 4820: 4802: 4784: 4751: 4737: 4723: 4705: 4687: 4669: 4651: 4625: 4611: 4584: 4558: 4544: 4530: 4503: 4489: 4464: 4438: 4410: 4396: 4378: 4353: 4327: 4301: 4282:Sisario, Ben (7 February 2013). 2210: 1636:(UK, 1968– ); set up and run by 1523: 1428: 1339:Association of Independent Music 1337:spent 17 years leading the UK's 889:Chart Encounters Of The Hit Kind 412:Association of Independent Music 186: 84: 43: 8037:Entertainment Monitoring Africa 6767:Experimental musical instrument 6188:Choules, Reece (25 June 2015). 4845:Ingham, Tim (19 October 2020). 4677:"McFly: All About Us Episode 1" 4417:Garner, George (18 July 2017). 4275: 4249: 4227:"Cherry Red Records - homepage" 4219: 4201: 4183: 4165: 4147: 4128: 4093: 4074: 4056: 4023: 4005: 3991: 3943: 3925: 3910: 3892: 3862: 3832: 3814: 3796: 3778: 3760: 3721: 3703: 3683: 3663: 3649: 3631: 3601: 3583: 3569: 3558: 3528: 3510: 3492: 3474: 3460: 3421: 3403: 3385: 3367: 3353: 3339: 3321: 3303: 3273: 3255: 3237: 3219: 3201: 3161: 3120: 3106: 3091: 3072: 3050: 3013: 2995: 2977: 2959: 2901: 2883: 2850: 2830: 2811: 2796: 2782: 2764: 2750: 2736: 2718: 2698: 2681: 2663: 2644: 2615: 2590: 2565: 2510: 2490: 1005:. It was Epitaph that released 956:TV channels in the 21st century 95:needs additional citations for 62:or discuss these issues on the 8537:Largest recorded music markets 8444:Highest-grossing concert tours 5497:Peacock, Tim (3 August 2020). 5099:Worldwide Independent Networks 4944:Worldwide Independent Networks 4173:"Virgin sells record label V2" 2465: 2434: 2408: 2389: 2344: 2324: 2294: 2269: 2043:in the 2020 documentary about 2007:, the rest under ex-EMI label 1976:(US, 1962−1999); now owned by 1785:(UK, 1983–1996); now owned by 1507: 1301:According to Korean newspaper 1277:decided not to sign up to the 1177:'s back catalogue was sold to 505: 13: 1: 7211:Social peer-to-peer processes 5282:"A tribute to Philip Solomon" 4990:Brandle, Lars (4 June 2019). 3917:Haring, Bruce (1 June 1993). 3579:– via www.allmusic.com. 2675:www.globaldogproductions.info 2262: 1189:(now including recordings by 293:Worldwide Independent Network 8637:Cassette culture 1970s–1990s 8593:Record production portal 7409:Independent UK record labels 5044:"July 4: 'Independents Day'" 5017:"Independents Day Australia" 3100:"History – Creation Records" 2252:Indie (disambiguation)#Music 2250:Terms related to "indie" at 1460: 860:Now That's What I Call Music 366:that produce and distribute 7: 8632:Music industry associations 8461:Most-attended concert tours 5891:"About Speedy Wunderground" 3468:"Vintage Vinyl: Hix Mix 86" 2547:"Den svenska skivindustrin" 2280:. Oxford University Press. 2203: 2047:, this label was set-up at 1739:, while Balfe would set up 1596:(US, 1976–1989); set up by 1404: 946:or the Ministry of Sound's 905:All Around the World (AATW) 832:Coldcut's Ahead of Our Time 357: 209:, discuss the issue on the 10: 8653: 8476:Wealthiest musical artists 8329:Best-selling music artists 6454:www.skintentertainment.com 6281:www.woolworthsmuseum.co.uk 5221:17.6 (1986): 495–496. Web. 3609:"FAC251 - Princess Street" 2573:"Hep Stars - Olga Records" 2553:(in Swedish). 27 June 2018 2443:"The Soul of Stax Records" 1562:Allied Artists Music Group 1499: 1257:and various French acts). 1070:2000s: Hip hop and R&B 437: 119:"Independent record label" 29: 8627:Independent record labels 8580: 8484: 8316: 8251: 8180: 8171: 8083: 8047:New Zealand singles chart 7968: 7932: 7823: 7601: 7503: 7468: 7422: 7365: 7329: 7268: 7259: 7161: 7100: 7065: 6998: 6955: 6946: 6847:American eccentric cinema 6824: 6788: 6779: 6752: 6672: 6663: 6655:Amateur press association 6567: 6488:27 September 2019 at the 6314:"1970s music on a budget" 6277:"1970s music on a budget" 5195:. Sydney Morning Herald. 4120:Cite uses generic title ( 3595:www.euphoria-albums.co.uk 3079:Bell, Max (29 May 2013). 3062:www.pennyblackmusic.co.uk 2057:I.R.S.’s The Cutting Edge 1719:(UK, 1978– ); founded by 1564:(US, 1959– ); founded by 1361:On 4 July 2008, WIN ran " 1358:'s role at Funnel Music. 884:Raiders of the Pop Charts 815:in 1979 for Zoo Record's 8517:Christian music industry 8032:GfK Entertainment charts 7676:Professional audio store 6496:Features of independents 5933:www.theunsignedguide.com 5217:"Nonprint". "Nonprint". 5073:Music Business Worldwide 4892:Music Business Worldwide 4871:Music Business Worldwide 4796:Music Business Worldwide 4637:Music Business Worldwide 3919:"Savage has gone silent" 3754:Music Business Worldwide 3285:www.electricsoulshow.com 3058:"Alan McGee - Interview" 2246:Open-source record label 2218:Record production portal 2165:Dance music independents 1984:(A) and record promoter 1968:Universal Motown Records 1698:along with sister label 897:the Disco Mix Club (DMC) 875:StreetSounds/StreetWaves 782:'s releases were mainly 648:1970s: Punk and pub rock 265:independent record label 7924:Music streaming service 7357:Disney Music Publishing 6837:Cinema of Transgression 6157:www.stewartcopeland.net 5286:www.offshoreradio.co.uk 3711:"Tony Wilson 1950-2007" 2776:Encyclopedia Britannica 2441:Blount Danois, Ericka. 2276:Pavlik, John V (2016). 1566:Allied Artists Pictures 1421:21st century by country 1279:Official Charts Company 1191:Everything but the Girl 1179:Beggars (XL Recordings) 840:Italo dance/piano house 817:Echo & the Bunnymen 18:Independent music label 8466:Most-attended concerts 8434:Highest-paid musicians 7153:Independent TV station 7082:Independent soft drink 7048:Open-source video game 6562:Independent production 6372:www.officialcharts.com 6354:www.officialcharts.com 6300:www.expressandstar.com 6057:www.officialcharts.com 5364:www.officialcharts.com 5346:www.officialcharts.com 4717:www.officialcharts.com 4699:www.officialcharts.com 4663:www.officialcharts.com 4213:www.officialcharts.com 4159:www.campaignlive.co.uk 3874:www.clockworkthrob.com 3826:www.officialcharts.com 3808:www.officialcharts.com 3790:www.officialcharts.com 3772:www.officialcharts.com 3486:www.officialcharts.com 3454:www.officialcharts.com 3433:www.officialcharts.com 3415:www.officialcharts.com 3397:www.officialcharts.com 3315:www.officialcharts.com 3267:www.officialcharts.com 3249:www.officialcharts.com 3231:www.officialcharts.com 3213:www.officialcharts.com 3189:Development, PodBean. 2420:Made In Chicago Museum 2033:for more information). 1630:Entertainment in 1989. 1608:'s blockbuster albums 1552:(US, 1943– ); New York 1381:(USA), ABMI (Brazil), 1356:non-executive director 1082: 927:radio station such as 893:Dance Mix - Dance Hits 703:, with labels such as 634:Ola & the Janglers 607:Rolling Stones Records 528:psychedelic revolution 32:Boutique Blu-ray label 8547:Most valuable records 8542:Most expensive albums 8497:Album-equivalent unit 8027:Italian singles chart 7884:Promotional recording 7352:Warner Chappell Music 7342:Sony Music Publishing 7337:BMG Rights Management 7133:Visionary environment 6832:Independent animation 5877:News Channel Nebraska 5805:infectiousmusicuk.com 4996:The Industry Observer 4970:The Industry Observer 4828:"Billboard 200 Chart" 4259:. WMG. Archived from 3729:"Back to the Factory" 3613:manchesterhistory.net 2704:McKay, George. 2023. 2302:"Indie record labels" 2241:List of record labels 1995:Universal Music Group 1966:in 1993. Merged into 1646:BMG Rights Management 1309:Big Hit Entertainment 1077: 994:Black Tie White Noise 848:Gianfranco Bortolotti 796:Stock Aitken Waterman 724:, Backs Records, and 532:International Artists 446:, beginning with the 424:Universal Music Group 279:; they are a type of 8522:Environmental impact 8422:Best-selling singles 7435:Digital music stores 7145:Independent circuit 6975:Open-source software 6874:Guerrilla filmmaking 6501:2 April 2019 at the 6492:(2018 market report) 6402:. 24 September 2020. 6388:. 23 September 2020. 5754:"Cooperative Labels" 5653:. 10 September 2020. 5270:. 26 September 2014. 4747:. 24 September 2020. 4733:. 21 September 2020. 3175:. 11 September 2019. 3068:on 15 February 2016. 2447:Wax Poetics Magazine 1962:in 1988 and then to 1659:'Indie music' labels 1577:Smithsonian Folkways 1317:Pledis Entertainment 1123:Stones Throw Records 836:Groove Groove Melody 536:13th Floor Elevators 394:distribution channel 372:major records labels 215:create a new article 207:improve this article 197:may not represent a 104:improve this article 27:Type of record label 8552:Music certification 8532:Largest music deals 8410:Best-selling albums 8243:The Country Network 8022:Irish Singles Chart 7671:Musical instruments 7113:Amateur photography 6806:Amateur pornography 6754:Musical instruments 6734:Tracker (MOD) music 6233:. 27 November 2002. 6175:We Were Once Rebels 6139:OldSchoolShirts.com 6090:on 22 November 2020 5895:Speedy Wunderground 5789:. 2 September 2014. 5681:. 16 February 2021. 5442:. The Music Network 5306:www.telegraph.co.uk 4798:. 16 November 2020. 4101:"Login • Instagram" 3880:on 28 November 2020 3850:on 19 February 2021 3679:. 20 February 2020. 3291:on 10 December 2020 3007:www.sixtiescity.net 2792:. 22 December 2020. 2746:. 3 September 2018. 2687:Laing, Dave. 1985. 2517:Gillett, Charlies. 2453:on 21 February 2016 2384:Guinness Publishing 2358:The Balance Careers 2338:The Balance Careers 2306:Musicians.about.com 2102:K-tel International 2005:Blue Raincoat Music 1916:Speedy Wunderground 1845:Heavenly Recordings 1600:and distributed by 1583:Major Minor Records 1261:2020s: K-pop, grime 1187:Blue Raincoat Music 1109:underground hip hop 741:Rough Trade Records 722:Rough Trade Records 277:major record labels 8065:SNEP singles chart 7840:Extended play (EP) 7611:Album cover design 6577:Alternative comics 6338:. 30 October 2015. 6213:The New York Times 5971:. 16 January 2020. 5763:on 25 January 2021 5719:playitagainsam.net 5667:. 9 February 2021. 5556:. 27 January 2017. 5409:. 31 January 2012. 5330:. 22 October 2011. 5252:. 9 December 2020. 5219:American Libraries 5075:. 27 February 2019 4916:Digital Music News 4894:. 15 October 2020. 4288:Media Decoder Blog 4237:on 13 October 1999 4197:. 2 November 2003. 4179:. 22 October 2011. 3906:. 23 October 2011. 3735:. 12 January 2000. 3546:on 24 January 2001 3116:. 24 January 2017. 2577:www.thehepstars.se 2506:. 7 November 1996. 2477:members.tripod.com 2031:Virgin EMI Records 1901:Better Noise Music 1887:Memphis Industries 1875:V2 Records Benelux 1771:Warner Music Group 1767:Flying Nun Records 1737:KLF Communications 1640:; from 2001 under 1617:Condition Critical 1465:In Australia, the 1440:. You can help by 1327:The international 1304:Kyunghyang Shinmun 1164:Cherry Red Records 1083: 720:companies such as 603:the Rolling Stones 567:Andrew Loog Oldham 420:Warner Music (WMG) 285:trade associations 8614: 8613: 8557:Parental Advisory 8512:Bootleg recording 8502:A-side and B-side 8359: 8312: 8311: 8228:The Music Factory 8070:Sverigetopplistan 7994:Argentina Hot 100 7960:Music competition 7950:Concert residency 7889:Phonograph record 7859: 7819: 7818: 7646:Music and fashion 7631:Entertainment law 7499: 7498: 7460:Virgin Megastores 7262:and organizations 7219: 7218: 7169:Independent media 7061: 7060: 6980:Software cracking 6942: 6941: 6869:Exploitation film 6775: 6774: 6744:Underground music 6692:Open-source label 6677:Independent music 6582:Alternative manga 6525:978-13-517-598-16 5823:www.v2benelux.com 5466:investors.wmg.com 5172:on 14 August 2019 5141:The Music Network 5105:on 16 August 2019 4315:. 1 November 2012 4263:on 17 August 2014 4105:www.instagram.com 4068:www.musicweek.com 3756:. 11 August 2017. 3717:. 11 August 2007. 3699:. 13 August 2015. 2971:longlivevinyl.net 2824:Punk Girl Diaries 2637:978-13-517-598-16 2608:978-9189-13-688-5 2503:Los Angeles Times 2416:"Vee-Jay Records" 2312:on 23 August 2010 2231:Independent music 2183:Ministry of Sound 2067:London Recordings 2001:Chrysalis Records 1926:COVID-19 pandemic 1797:Play It Again Sam 1642:Sanctuary Records 1458: 1457: 1281:when he released 1183:Chrysalis Records 972:London Recordings 909:Ministry of Sound 864:Hits compilations 697:The Modern Lovers 583:Chrysalis Records 571:Immediate Records 516:recording studios 410:According to the 261: 260: 253: 243: 242: 235: 217:, as appropriate. 180: 179: 172: 154: 77: 16:(Redirected from 8644: 8603: 8602: 8591: 8590: 8589: 8357: 8178: 8177: 8075:UK singles chart 8007:Canadian Hot 100 7899:Compact cassette 7837: 7784:Session musician 7759:Hip hop producer 7717: 7716: 7651:Music journalism 7583:Rhythm and blues 7301:IFPI (worldwide) 7266: 7265: 7246: 7239: 7232: 7223: 7222: 7201: 7148: 6985:Unofficial patch 6953: 6952: 6902: 6842:Independent film 6786: 6785: 6716:Cassette culture 6670: 6669: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6533: 6532: 6529: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6456:. Archived from 6446: 6440: 6439: 6436:Resident Advisor 6428: 6422: 6421: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6396: 6390: 6389: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6106: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6080: 6074: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6007:. 7 October 2020 5997: 5991: 5990: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5759:. Archived from 5750: 5744: 5743: 5736:"[PIAS]" 5732: 5723: 5722: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5625:. 3 August 2018. 5613: 5607: 5606: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5591:. 3 August 2018. 5585: 5579: 5578: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5480:"Mushroom Group" 5476: 5470: 5469: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5390: 5382: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5303: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5228: 5222: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5132: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5101:. Archived from 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5019:. 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Archived from 4223: 4217: 4216: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4118: 4116: 4108: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4047: 4039: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3961:on 23 June 2021. 3957:. Archived from 3947: 3941: 3940: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3876:. Archived from 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3846:. Archived from 3836: 3830: 3829: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3746: 3737: 3736: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3659:. 9 August 2017. 3653: 3647: 3646: 3643:Resident Advisor 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3615:. Archived from 3605: 3599: 3598: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3573: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3542:. 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Archived from 3054: 3048: 3047: 3046:. 22 March 2012. 3036: 3025: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3010: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2963: 2957: 2947:Cherry Red Books 2943: 2932: 2931: 2925: 2917: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2895:www.punk77.co.uk 2887: 2881: 2880: 2874: 2866: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2722: 2716: 2702: 2696: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2449:. Archived from 2438: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2412: 2406: 2395:Crépon, Pierre. 2393: 2387: 2377: 2362: 2361: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2308:. Archived from 2298: 2292: 2291: 2273: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2213: 1907:Red Bull Records 1863:Infectious Music 1777:Creation Records 1758:Dischord Records 1746:Postcard Records 1652:Charisma Records 1573:Arhoolie Records 1491: 1490:A$ 399.4 million 1480:, was the first 1453: 1450: 1432: 1425: 1416: 1363:Independents Day 1353: 1307:, K-pop company 1134:Victoria Beckham 1029:Indolent Records 962:and Universal's 640:). According to 579:Page One Records 500:artistic freedom 256: 249: 238: 231: 227: 224: 218: 190: 189: 182: 175: 168: 164: 161: 155: 153: 112: 88: 80: 69: 47: 46: 39: 21: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8617: 8616: 8615: 8610: 8587: 8585: 8576: 8480: 8308: 8247: 8167: 8162:Top of the Pops 8127:Musica e dischi 8079: 7964: 7928: 7848:Cassette single 7826: 7815: 7769:Record producer 7715: 7686:Radio promotion 7656:Music publisher 7641:Music executive 7636:Music education 7603: 7597: 7495: 7464: 7418: 7361: 7325: 7269:Representatives 7261: 7260:Major companies 7255: 7250: 7220: 7215: 7199: 7157: 7146: 7096: 7075: 7057: 6994: 6938: 6919:Low-budget film 6900: 6894:'60s–'70s 6820: 6771: 6762:Circuit bending 6748: 6659: 6645:Self-publishing 6563: 6560: 6526: 6503:Wayback Machine 6490:Wayback Machine 6479: 6477:Further reading 6474: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6450:"Skint Records" 6448: 6447: 6443: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6418:R&S Records 6412: 6411: 6407: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6318:finewoodwork.co 6312: 6311: 6307: 6292: 6288: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6205: 6201: 6186: 6182: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6107: 6103: 6093: 6091: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6068: 6064: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 5999: 5998: 5994: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5951:www.gigwise.com 5945: 5944: 5940: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5917:. 12 June 2018. 5907: 5906: 5902: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5734: 5733: 5726: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5569: 5568: 5561: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5528: 5524: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5495: 5491: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5460: 5459: 5455: 5445: 5443: 5436: 5432: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5384: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5328:The Independent 5322: 5321: 5317: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5189: 5185: 5175: 5173: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5133: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5040: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4938: 4937: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4908: 4899: 4886: 4885: 4878: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4843: 4839: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4814:The Independent 4808: 4807: 4803: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4769: 4768: 4756: 4752: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4415: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4392:. 4 April 2016. 4384: 4383: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4292: 4290: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4231:cherryred.co.uk 4225: 4224: 4220: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4177:The Independent 4171: 4170: 4166: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4110: 4109: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4079: 4075: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4041: 4040: 4028: 4024: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3979:. 28 April 2007 3971: 3970: 3966: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3915: 3911: 3904:The Independent 3898: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3748: 3747: 3740: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3448: 3447: 3440: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3195:www.c86show.org 3187: 3180: 3173:Echoes And Dust 3167: 3166: 3162: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3096: 3092: 3077: 3073: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3038: 3037: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2944: 2935: 2919: 2918: 2906: 2902: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2868: 2867: 2855: 2851: 2846:. 6 March 2015. 2836: 2835: 2831: 2816: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2760:. 11 July 2014. 2756: 2755: 2751: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2703: 2699: 2686: 2682: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2649: 2645: 2638: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2544: 2537: 2527: 2525: 2515: 2511: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2439: 2435: 2425: 2423: 2422:. 17 March 2018 2414: 2413: 2409: 2394: 2390: 2378: 2365: 2349: 2345: 2329: 2325: 2315: 2313: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2288: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2171:R&S Records 2167: 2117:Telstar Records 2098: 2053:Illegal Records 1974:A&M Records 1935: 1922:So Fierce Music 1903:in October 2019 1711:Factory Records 1705:Beggars Banquet 1686:A&E Records 1661: 1598:Spencer Proffer 1534: 1526: 1518: 1510: 1502: 1489: 1482:market analysis 1463: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1438:needs expansion 1423: 1415:US$ 5.6 billion 1414: 1409:In 2016, WIN's 1407: 1375: 1351: 1325: 1263: 1143: 1130:Telstar Records 1095:Charles Bradley 1087:Daptone Records 1072: 1052:Richard Branson 1003:Epitaph Records 917: 717: 650: 630:Platina Records 563:Triumph Records 520:Vee-Jay Records 508: 488:Jerry Lee Lewis 448:post-war period 440: 374:. According to 360: 257: 246: 245: 244: 239: 228: 222: 219: 204: 191: 187: 176: 165: 159: 156: 113: 111: 101: 89: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8650: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8608: 8596: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8567:Surprise album 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8488: 8486: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8430: 8429: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8407: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8375: 8374: 8373: 8365: 8360: 8355:United Kingdom 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8326: 8320: 8318: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8278: 8271: 8264: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8184: 8182: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8144: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8116: 8109: 8102: 8095: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 8002:Brasil Hot 100 7996: 7988: 7980: 7974: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7955:Music festival 7952: 7947: 7942: 7936: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7921: 7919:Music download 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7860: 7831: 7829: 7821: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7811:Sound engineer 7808: 7807: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7781: 7776: 7774:Rhythm section 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7745: 7744: 7739: 7729: 7723: 7721: 7714: 7713: 7708: 7706:Talent manager 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7607: 7605: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7523:Easy listening 7520: 7515: 7509: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7432: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7272: 7270: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7253:Music industry 7249: 7248: 7241: 7234: 7226: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7193: 7186: 7179:Do it yourself 7176: 7171: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7142: 7137: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7004: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6934:Double feature 6931: 6929:No wave cinema 6926: 6924:No-budget film 6921: 6916: 6914:Midnight movie 6911: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6839: 6834: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6792: 6790: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6718: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6696: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6606: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6536: 6524: 6518:. p. 22. 6507: 6506: 6493: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6460:on 8 July 2010 6441: 6423: 6405: 6391: 6377: 6359: 6341: 6332:"Alison Moyet" 6323: 6305: 6286: 6268: 6254: 6236: 6218: 6199: 6180: 6162: 6144: 6126: 6101: 6075: 6062: 6044: 6018: 5992: 5989:. 18 May 2020. 5974: 5956: 5938: 5920: 5900: 5882: 5864: 5846: 5841:Tiny Mix Tapes 5828: 5810: 5792: 5774: 5745: 5724: 5706: 5684: 5670: 5656: 5642: 5628: 5608: 5605:. August 2019. 5594: 5580: 5559: 5541: 5522: 5504: 5489: 5484:Mushroom Group 5471: 5453: 5430: 5412: 5398: 5369: 5351: 5333: 5315: 5301:"Phil Solomon" 5291: 5273: 5255: 5237: 5223: 5210: 5183: 5153: 5116: 5086: 5060: 5034: 5023:on 8 June 2008 5008: 4982: 4956: 4928: 4897: 4876: 4873:. 26 May 2020. 4858: 4837: 4819: 4816:. 25 May 2020. 4801: 4783: 4750: 4736: 4722: 4704: 4686: 4668: 4650: 4624: 4610: 4583: 4557: 4543: 4529: 4502: 4488: 4463: 4437: 4409: 4395: 4377: 4352: 4326: 4300: 4274: 4248: 4218: 4200: 4182: 4164: 4146: 4127: 4092: 4073: 4055: 4022: 4004: 3990: 3964: 3942: 3924: 3909: 3891: 3861: 3831: 3813: 3795: 3777: 3759: 3738: 3720: 3702: 3682: 3662: 3648: 3630: 3619:on 19 May 2021 3600: 3582: 3568: 3557: 3527: 3522:gb.kompass.com 3509: 3504:labelsbase.net 3491: 3473: 3459: 3438: 3420: 3402: 3384: 3366: 3363:. 7 July 2020. 3352: 3338: 3320: 3302: 3272: 3254: 3236: 3218: 3200: 3178: 3160: 3157:. 20 May 2019. 3137: 3119: 3105: 3090: 3071: 3049: 3026: 3012: 2994: 2976: 2973:. 26 May 2017. 2958: 2933: 2900: 2882: 2849: 2829: 2810: 2795: 2781: 2763: 2749: 2735: 2717: 2697: 2680: 2662: 2643: 2636: 2630:. p. 22. 2614: 2607: 2589: 2564: 2551:Företagskällan 2535: 2523:Britannica.com 2509: 2489: 2464: 2433: 2407: 2388: 2363: 2343: 2323: 2293: 2286: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2130: 2128:Arcade Records 2125: 2120: 2114: 2104: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2074: 2064: 2041:Miles Copeland 2037:I.R.S. Records 2034: 2019:Virgin Records 2016: 2013:The Echo Label 1998: 1971: 1949: 1943:Island Records 1934: 1933:'Major-minors' 1931: 1930: 1929: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1904: 1894: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1826: 1820: 1794: 1780: 1774: 1764: 1762:The Teen Idles 1755: 1749: 1743: 1730: 1724: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1689: 1675: 1665: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1649: 1634:Trojan Records 1631: 1591: 1580: 1570: 1559: 1553: 1550:Apollo Records 1547: 1533: 1532:Notable labels 1530: 1525: 1522: 1517: 1516:United Kingdom 1514: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1498: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1435: 1433: 1422: 1419: 1406: 1403: 1374: 1373:WIN membership 1371: 1324: 1321: 1262: 1259: 1247:The Groundhogs 1243:The Lemonheads 1193:, Athlete and 1142: 1139: 1071: 1068: 1056:Virgin Records 1009:'s 1994 album 916: 913: 873:Morgan Khan's 809:Blanco y Negro 804:The Chart Show 761:mainstream pop 716: 713: 701:UK Indie Chart 665:do-it-yourself 649: 646: 642:Företagskällan 638:Gazell Records 585:, launched by 543:United Kingdom 512:music business 507: 504: 439: 436: 359: 356: 259: 258: 241: 240: 201:of the subject 199:worldwide view 194: 192: 185: 178: 177: 92: 90: 83: 78: 52: 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8649: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8607: 8606: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8583: 8582: 8579: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8483: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8413: 8412: 8411: 8408: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8377:Nationality: 8376: 8372: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8363:United States 8361: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8332: 8331: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8315: 8305: 8304: 8300: 8298: 8297: 8293: 8291: 8290: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8148:Rolling Stone 8145: 8143: 8142: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8117: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8108: 8107: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8053:Rolling Stone 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8042:Oricon charts 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8017:G-Music chart 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7822: 7812: 7809: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7789:Backup singer 7787: 7786: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7711:Tour promoter 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7600: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7467: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 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6973: 6971: 6970:Free software 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6960:Cowboy coding 6958: 6957: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6823: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6545: 6543: 6538: 6537: 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June 2011. 5307: 5302: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5233: 5227: 5220: 5214: 5198: 5194: 5187: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5142: 5138: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5095:"WIN Members" 5090: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5022: 5018: 5012: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4933: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4881: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4854: 4853: 4852:Rolling Stone 4848: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4779: 4773: 4765: 4764:Prog Magazine 4761: 4754: 4746: 4740: 4732: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4620: 4614: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4539: 4533: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4506: 4498: 4492: 4477: 4476:Musicweek.com 4473: 4467: 4452:. 7 July 2016 4451: 4450:Musicweek.com 4447: 4441: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4413: 4405: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4341:. 1 July 2013 4340: 4336: 4330: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4123: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4051: 4045: 4037: 4036:Prog Magazine 4033: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4000: 3994: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3920: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3678: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3658: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3561: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3469: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3362: 3356: 3348: 3342: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3183: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3133: 3129: 3128:"ZOO RECORDS" 3123: 3115: 3109: 3101: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3022: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2955:0-9517206-9-4 2952: 2948: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2929: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2878: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2853: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2806: 2803:Birch, Will. 2799: 2791: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2759: 2753: 2745: 2739: 2731: 2730:@NOWTVIreland 2727: 2721: 2714: 2711: 2710:. 1976-1984.' 2709: 2701: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2639: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2610: 2604: 2600: 2593: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2540: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2437: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2327: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2297: 2289: 2287:9780190271510 2283: 2279: 2272: 2268: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2208: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2071:Because Music 2068: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1991: 1990:Tijuana Brass 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1829:XL Recordings 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1791:Independiente 1788: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1721:Daniel Miller 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692:Stiff Records 1690: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644:(now part of 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1594:Pasha Records 1592: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1546:(US, 1942– ); 1545: 1544:Savoy Records 1542: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1529: 1524:United States 1521: 1513: 1505: 1497: 1495: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1452: 1443: 1439: 1436:This section 1434: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1418: 1412: 1402: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335:Alison Wenham 1332: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1258: 1256: 1255:The Beta Band 1252: 1251:Because Music 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195:Cockney Rebel 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1104:Back to Black 1100: 1099:Amy Winehouse 1096: 1092: 1088: 1080: 1076: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1007:The Offspring 1004: 999: 996: 995: 990: 986: 981: 975: 973: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 935: 930: 926: 922: 921:James Palumbo 912: 910: 906: 901: 898: 894: 890: 886: 885: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 856: 854: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 805: 799: 797: 793: 792:Pete Waterman 789: 785: 781: 776: 774: 770: 769:Jason Donovan 766: 765:Kylie Minogue 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 682:Stiff Records 679: 675: 671: 666: 662: 657: 655: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 599:Apple Records 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 503: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 476:Elvis Presley 473: 472:rock 'n' roll 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 452:United States 449: 445: 444:popular music 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 408: 406: 405:vanity labels 401: 399: 395: 390: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 355: 353: 352:indie hip-hop 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 308:Elvis Presley 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 255: 252: 237: 234: 226: 216: 212: 208: 202: 200: 193: 184: 183: 174: 171: 163: 152: 149: 145: 142: 138: 135: 131: 128: 124: 121: – 120: 116: 115:Find sources: 109: 105: 99: 98: 93:This article 91: 87: 82: 81: 76: 74: 67: 66: 61: 60: 55: 50: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 8598: 8584: 8562:Record sales 8527:Hidden track 8317:Achievements 8301: 8296:The X Factor 8294: 8287: 8280: 8275:Star Academy 8273: 8266: 8259: 8160: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8132: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8104: 8097: 8090: 8084:Publications 8052: 8012:Circle Chart 7999: 7991: 7983: 7945:Concert tour 7868:Double album 7794:Ghost singer 7779:Orchestrator 7764:Horn section 7691:Record label 7626:Distribution 7533:Experimental 7505:Major genres 7491:Ticketmaster 7439:iTunes Store 7397: 7396: 7395: 7373: 7372: 7291:Music Canada 7196: 7188: 7174:Indie design 7128:Outsider art 7092:Microbrewery 7035: 6825:Professional 6801:Amateur film 6721: 6709:Pirate radio 6682:Record label 6681: 6620: 6511: 6508: 6462:. 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