79:
341:
47:
570:
516:
539:
628:
599:
63:
657:
98:
361:
223:(1917) respectively. Causes for a country or province wishing to seek independence are many, but most can be summed up as a feeling of inequality compared to the dominant power. The means can extend from intended peaceful demonstrations as in the case of
305:
1123:
308:, but this right remained mostly applicable only to unfree territorial entities, such as colonies. How much these rights apply to all people has been a crucial point of discussion. The rights to
562:
1103:
Emancipate your colonies!: addressed to the
National Convention of France Anno 1793, shewing the uselessness and mischievousness of distant dependencies to an European state
649:
620:
531:
591:
1594:
2048:
970:
1425:
790:
1982:
1912:
1589:
403:
issued in 1776. The dates of established independence (or, less commonly, the commencement of revolution), are typically celebrated as a national
1734:
1952:
78:
1874:
1752:
1606:
750:
176:
means to achieving sovereignty. In general, revolutions aim only to redistribute power with or without an element of emancipation,such as in
1775:
400:
1555:
1540:
1212:
235:(1962). In some cases, a country may also have declared independence, but may only be partially recognized by other countries; such as
55:
2071:
2000:
1071:
488:
207:(1949), while some revolutions that were specifically about a change in the political structure have resulted in breakaway states.
1897:
1825:
1266:
1887:
1164:
785:
1244:
428:
2066:
1808:
1644:
966:
834:, Armenia falls entirely in Western Asia, while Georgia and Azerbaijan are mostly in Asia with small portions north of the
755:
345:
1727:
1254:
1076:
780:
396:
324:, but is not a right of secession, except in extreme cases of oppression as a remedy from the oppression. Therefore, the
244:
71:
745:
399:
in 2017. Declaring independence and attaining it, however, are quite different. A well-known successful example is the
156:. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of
962:
2028:
2008:
1970:
1672:
1497:
1392:
914:
886:
17:
1920:
1902:
1842:
1832:
1492:
681:
2043:
689:
278:
refers to an autonomous region that depends upon a larger government for its protection as an autonomous region.
2038:
1942:
1720:
1697:
1294:
1207:
204:
2018:
1990:
1847:
1815:
1803:
1527:
38:
1798:
1692:
1102:
224:
2117:
1930:
1660:
1583:
1261:
1202:
848:
380:
228:
192:
1382:
1344:
1278:
1157:
1066:
424:
200:
118:
46:
2013:
1532:
1309:
1222:
1020:""Indigenous sovereignty" and right to self-determination in international law: a critical appraisal"
735:
340:
1965:
1937:
1517:
1502:
1299:
1142:
2127:
2076:
1601:
1507:
1273:
740:
443:
388:
173:
110:
878:
872:
1960:
1788:
1512:
1469:
1464:
1397:
1304:
1249:
188:
90:
2112:
2053:
1368:
1150:
1128:
575:
2122:
2033:
1892:
1882:
1852:
1629:
1545:
1522:
1217:
725:
368:
8:
1864:
1837:
1687:
1430:
1412:
795:
730:
372:
196:
149:
379:
Sometimes, a state wishing to achieve independence from a dominating power will issue a
325:
287:
2023:
1925:
1820:
1793:
1783:
1682:
1049:
835:
831:
770:
321:
313:
220:
184:
114:
930:
1857:
1765:
1565:
1479:
1377:
1226:
1053:
1041:
910:
882:
720:
262:
216:
172:
has long been contested, and has often been debated over the question of violence as
102:
82:
51:
985:
1350:
1340:
1132:
1107:
1031:
775:
408:
106:
1634:
1616:
1550:
1440:
1407:
1402:
1118:
902:
473:
465:
435:
329:
317:
291:
177:
160:; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
141:
137:
1639:
1575:
1560:
1484:
1474:
1454:
1181:
1177:
1097:
827:
484:
447:
439:
404:
301:
295:
67:
31:
2106:
1666:
1045:
1036:
1019:
874:
From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political
History of Finland Since 1809
870:
451:
364:
306:
Declaration on the
Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
215:, for example, gained their independence during the revolutions occurring in
187:(1910) chiefly refers to a multi-factional conflict that eventually led to a
1136:
427:
through the 1830s, when the last royalist bastions fell at the close of the
419:
Historically, there have been four major periods of declaring independence:
1459:
1417:
1360:
1236:
1173:
760:
515:
480:
469:
275:
232:
1111:
304:
colonies gained rights to independence through documents such as the 1960
86:
2081:
1387:
1372:
1332:
944:
544:
309:
266:
refers to a kind of independence which has been granted by an overseeing
157:
145:
1712:
2091:
1445:
1124:
Independence: Rectorial address delivered at St
Andrews October 10 1923
675:
633:
604:
271:
169:
140:, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise
992:
270:
that itself still retains ultimate authority over that territory (see
148:, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a
2086:
1743:
765:
267:
1172:
62:
715:
384:
256:
208:
464:, when seventy newly independent states emerged from the European
349:
1677:
710:
705:
353:
212:
133:
250:
1760:
392:
240:
236:
153:
129:
183:
a state, which as such may remain unaltered. For example, the
662:
97:
316:
allow clarification. The right of self-determination allows
199:
have been described as revolutions, such as the ones in the
1024:
360:
168:
Whether the attainment of independence is different from
1011:
907:
Walter
Benjamin: Selected Writings, Volume 1: 1913–1926
963:"International recognitions of the Republic of Kosovo"
871:
Osmo
Jussila – Seppo Hentilä – Jukka Nevakivi (1999).
791:
United
Nations list of non-self-governing territories
479:and the early 1990s, following the breakup of the
468:like India, Algeria etc. and the collapse of the
2104:
1072:The Declaration of Independence in World Context
997:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Self-Determination
909:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 236–252.
332:and independence by the capacity to be a state.
1117:
335:
1096:
328:is generally determined by the legislation of
1728:
1158:
751:List of sovereign states by date of formation
391:in 1320, with the most recent examples being
251:Distinction between independence and autonomy
163:
113:on 4 December 1917, and it was confirmed by
54:on the east coast of North America issued a
395:'s declaration of independence in 2012 and
1735:
1721:
1165:
1151:
191:; it has rarely been used to refer to the
109:in the head of table. The Senate declared
27:Condition of a nation with self-governance
1742:
1035:
1017:
830:, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.
509:Most Recent Country to Gain Independence
901:
359:
339:
281:
96:
77:
61:
45:
14:
2105:
1083:, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pp. 61–66 (2004)
786:Unilateral declaration of independence
414:
1716:
1146:
993:"Legal Aspects of Self-Determination"
877:. London: C. Hurst & Co. p.
814:Independence from the United Kingdom.
429:Spanish American wars of independence
243:, from which Kosovo has seceded, has
1645:Postcolonial international relations
756:Lists of active separatist movements
383:; the earliest surviving example is
346:Estonian Declaration of Independence
195:(1821) against Spain. However, some
68:Spanish territories in South America
1586:— Predecessors of sovereign states
1077:Organization of American Historians
781:Special Committee on Decolonization
423:from the 1770s, beginning with the
397:Catalan declaration of independence
288:Secession § Right to secession
24:
2049:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
1090:
931:"Kosovo MPs proclaim independence"
746:List of national independence days
514:
25:
2139:
973:from the original on May 15, 2021
117:6 December 1917 which became the
1607:Sovereign states formation dates
655:
626:
597:
568:
537:
401:U.S. Declaration of Independence
367:at the first anniversary of the
320:, as for example in the case of
300:During the 20th century wave of
2072:Historical separatist movements
1030:(1). SAGE Publications: 71–82.
434:the immediate aftermath of the
1698:Decolonization of public space
1060:
955:
937:
933:. BBC News. February 17, 2008.
923:
895:
864:
13:
1:
1513:Couronian (Polish-Lithuanian)
857:
495:
458:
438:following the breakup of the
39:Independence (disambiguation)
1693:Christianity and colonialism
680:
648:
619:
590:
561:
530:
336:Declarations of independence
7:
2067:Active separatist movements
1661:Decolonization of knowledge
1584:Wars of national liberation
1018:Shrinkhal, Rashwet (2021).
967:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
698:
381:declaration of independence
344:Public proclamation of the
239:(2008), whose independence
119:Independence Day of Finland
89:after breaking the news of
72:Declaration of independence
56:Declaration of Independence
10:
2144:
945:"The world's newest state"
841:
817:
808:
425:American Revolutionary War
285:
254:
164:Definition of independence
36:
29:
2062:
1999:
1981:
1951:
1911:
1873:
1774:
1751:
1653:
1615:
1574:
1439:
1359:
1331:
1322:
1287:
1235:
1195:
1188:
736:Independence constitution
513:
502:
85:surrounded by a crowd in
52:Thirteen British Colonies
1106:(1st ed.), London,
1037:10.1177/1177180121994681
847:An independent state in
802:
105:of 1917, Prime Minister
30:Not to be confused with
2077:Independence referendum
1602:Independence referendum
851:with the United States.
741:Independence referendum
389:Declaration of Arbroath
373:independence of Albania
245:not formally recognized
1888:Bosnia and Herzegovina
519:
376:
357:
122:
94:
75:
66:Chile, one of several
59:
828:Transcaucasian Region
576:Saint Kitts and Nevis
518:
371:which proclaimed the
363:
343:
282:Right to independence
100:
91:Brazil's independence
81:
65:
49:
1630:Internal colonialism
951:. February 21, 2008.
726:Economic nationalism
197:wars of independence
128:is a condition of a
93:on 7 September 1822.
37:For other uses, see
2024:Indian subcontinent
1938:Denmark (Greenland)
1688:Uncontacted peoples
1539:Mostly contiguous:
1413:settler colonialism
1378:Chartered companies
1081:Magazine of History
999:. February 11, 1918
796:War of Independence
731:Energy independence
415:Historical overview
356:on 23 February 1918
150:dependent territory
111:Finland independent
2118:Political theories
2039:Republic of Venice
2009:All-Russian Empire
1683:Indigenous peoples
1426:Non-self-governing
836:Caucasus Mountains
771:Self Determination
520:
377:
375:(28 November 1912)
358:
326:right to secession
322:indigenous peoples
314:self-determination
231:as in the case of
185:Mexican Revolution
123:
95:
76:
60:
2100:
2099:
1971:Western Australia
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1491:Overseas, minor:
1453:Overseas, major:
1318:
1317:
1255:European colonies
838:divide in Europe.
832:Physiographically
721:Domestic sourcing
696:
695:
470:Nazi German Reich
369:Assembly of Vlorë
18:Independent state
16:(Redirected from
2135:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1654:Related concepts
1595:in South America
1503:Austro-Hungarian
1441:Colonial empires
1351:Age of Discovery
1341:Maritime history
1329:
1328:
1193:
1192:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1114:
1084:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1039:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
959:
953:
952:
941:
935:
934:
927:
921:
920:
903:Benjamin, Walter
899:
893:
892:
868:
849:free association
845:
824:
812:
776:Self-sufficiency
673:
661:
659:
658:
644:
632:
630:
629:
615:
603:
601:
600:
586:
574:
572:
571:
557:
556:
543:
541:
540:
526:
500:
499:
466:colonial empires
463:
460:
444:Austro-Hungarian
409:independence Day
330:sovereign states
189:new constitution
107:P. E. Svinhufvud
21:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2058:
1995:
1977:
1947:
1907:
1869:
1770:
1747:
1741:
1711:
1702:
1649:
1635:Nation-building
1617:Postcolonialism
1611:
1570:
1443:
1435:
1408:detribalization
1383:Interventionism
1355:
1324:
1314:
1283:
1231:
1184:
1171:
1127:, Garden City:
1119:Rudyard Kipling
1093:
1091:Further reading
1088:
1087:
1065:
1061:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
991:
990:
986:
976:
974:
961:
960:
956:
943:
942:
938:
929:
928:
924:
917:
900:
896:
889:
869:
865:
860:
855:
852:
842:
839:
818:
815:
809:
805:
800:
701:
678:
671:
656:
654:
646:
642:
627:
625:
617:
613:
598:
596:
588:
584:
569:
567:
559:
554:
553:
538:
536:
528:
524:
498:
474:Empire of Japan
461:
436:First World War
417:
338:
318:self-governance
298:
292:Sovereign state
286:Main articles:
284:
259:
253:
178:democratization
166:
142:self-government
42:
35:
32:Interdependence
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2128:Decolonization
2125:
2120:
2115:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Ottoman Empire
2026:
2021:
2019:Czechoslovakia
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1903:United Kingdom
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1813:
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1806:
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1791:
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1778:
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1771:
1769:
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1749:
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1725:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1640:Neocolonialism
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1580:
1578:
1576:Decolonization
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
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1515:
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1500:
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1457:
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1448:
1437:
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1434:
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1428:
1422:
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1354:
1353:
1348:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1288:Decolonization
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:Southeast Asia
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:neocolonialism
1178:decolonization
1170:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1115:
1098:Jeremy Bentham
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1067:David Armitage
1059:
1010:
984:
954:
936:
922:
915:
894:
887:
862:
861:
859:
856:
854:
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748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
702:
700:
697:
694:
693:
692:international
684:
679:
670:
667:
666:
652:
647:
641:
638:
637:
623:
618:
612:
609:
608:
594:
589:
583:
580:
579:
565:
560:
558: Americas
552:
549:
548:
534:
529:
523:
521:
511:
510:
507:
504:
497:
494:
493:
492:
485:Czechoslovakia
477:
455:
432:
416:
413:
337:
334:
302:decolonization
296:Decolonization
283:
280:
255:Main article:
252:
249:
193:armed struggle
165:
162:
144:, and usually
103:Finnish Senate
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2140:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
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2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
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2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1983:South America
1980:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1943:United States
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1913:North America
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
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1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
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1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
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1841:
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1827:
1824:
1822:
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1818:
1817:
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1810:
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1800:
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1767:
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1691:
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1679:
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1669:
1668:
1667:Terra nullius
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
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1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1582:
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2113:Independence
2044:Soviet Union
1766:South Africa
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1625:Independence
1624:
1361:Colonization
1237:Colonization
1227:World oceans
1174:Colonization
1122:
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686:
616: Europe
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481:Soviet Union
418:
407:known as an
378:
365:Ismail Kemal
299:
276:protectorate
261:
260:
180:
167:
126:Independence
125:
124:
83:Prince Pedro
43:
2123:Sovereignty
2082:Irredentism
1848:Philippines
1523:New Zealand
1388:Colonialism
1373:Imperialism
1333:Exploration
1196:Exploration
690:condominium
545:South Sudan
462: 1979
310:nationality
229:violent war
219:(1911) and
203:(1783) and
158:colonialism
146:sovereignty
70:, issued a
2107:Categories
2092:Separatism
2054:Yugoslavia
2014:Bangladesh
2001:Historical
1746:by country
1744:Secessions
1673:Plantation
1498:Australian
1480:Portuguese
1446:modern era
1393:chronology
1279:Antarctica
1223:Antarctica
1137:Q100272896
858:References
676:Antarctica
634:Montenegro
605:East Timor
587: Asia
496:Continents
489:Yugoslavia
272:Devolution
174:legitimate
170:revolution
115:parliament
2087:Secession
1961:Australia
1833:Indonesia
1821:Khalistan
1789:Hong Kong
1590:in Europe
1528:Norwegian
1431:Dependent
1424:Current:
1369:Antiquity
1189:By region
1129:Doubleday
1112:Q19094713
1054:232264306
1046:1177-1801
1003:March 31,
905:(1996) .
766:Secession
503:Continent
268:authority
205:Indonesia
87:São Paulo
1966:Tasmania
1843:Pakistan
1809:Xinjiang
1551:Japanese
1541:American
1493:American
1345:European
1295:Americas
1245:Americas
1203:Americas
1133:Wikidata
1121:(1924),
1108:Wikidata
1100:(1830),
971:Archived
826:Part of
716:Autonomy
699:See also
687:de facto
472:and the
457:1945 to
454:empires;
385:Scotland
263:Autonomy
257:Autonomy
209:Mongolia
2034:Prussia
1953:Oceania
1926:Alberta
1883:Belgium
1858:Siberia
1678:Settler
1561:Russian
1556:Ottoman
1546:Chinese
1533:Swedish
1508:Belgian
1485:Spanish
1475:Italian
1455:British
1444:in the
1403:empires
1398:history
1323:General
1310:Oceania
1274:Oceania
1218:Oceania
977:July 6,
711:Autarky
706:Liberty
665:(1994)
636:(2006)
607:(2002)
578:(1983)
547:(2011)
448:Russian
440:Ottoman
405:holiday
354:Estonia
233:Algeria
213:Finland
134:country
74:in 1818
58:in 1776
1991:Brazil
1931:Quebec
1921:Canada
1893:Russia
1875:Europe
1865:Turkey
1853:Russia
1826:Sikkim
1799:Taiwan
1753:Africa
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1470:German
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241:Serbia
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154:colony
130:nation
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1816:India
1804:Tibet
1794:Macau
1784:China
1460:Dutch
1050:S2CID
803:Notes
663:Palau
350:Pärnu
274:). A
225:India
217:China
138:state
136:, or
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1776:Asia
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1418:wars
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1262:Asia
1213:Asia
1042:ISSN
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979:2021
911:ISBN
883:ISBN
487:and
312:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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